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Basu S, Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Monitoring Enzyme Activity Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38669585 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes serve as pivotal biological catalysts that accelerate essential chemical reactions, thereby influencing a variety of physiological processes. Consequently, the monitoring of enzyme activity and inhibition not only yields crucial insights into health and disease conditions but also forms the basis of research in drug discovery, toxicology, and the understanding of disease mechanisms. In this context, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as effective tools for tracking enzyme activity and inhibition through diverse strategies. This perspective explores the physicochemical attributes of SWCNTs that render them well-suited for such monitoring. Additionally, we delve into the various strategies developed so far for successfully monitoring enzyme activity and inhibition, emphasizing the distinctive features of each principle. Furthermore, we contrast the benefits of SWCNT-based NIR probes with conventional gold standards in monitoring enzyme activity. Lastly, we highlight the current challenges faced in this field and suggest potential solutions to propel it forward. This perspective aims to contribute to the ongoing progress in biodiagnostics and seeks to engage the wider community in developing and applying enzymatic assays using SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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2
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Hua Z, Li Y, Chen T, Wu D, Xu Y, Hu JN. Morin-Based Nanoparticles for Regulation of Blood Glucose. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38640094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Morin, a naturally occurring bioactive compound shows great potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, and regulator of blood glucose levels. However, its low water solubility, poor lipid solubility, limited bioavailability, and rapid clearance in vivo hinder its application in blood glucose regulation. To address these limitations, we report an enzymatically synthesized nanosized morin particle (MNs) encapsulated in sodium alginate microgels (M@SA). This approach significantly enhances morin's delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy in blood glucose regulation. Utilizing horseradish peroxidase, we synthesized MNs averaging 305.7 ± 88.7 nm in size. These MNs were then encapsulated via electrohydrodynamic microdroplet spraying to form M@SA microgels. In vivo studies revealed that M@SA microgels demonstrated prolonged intestinal retention and superior efficacy compared with unmodified morin and MNs alone. Moreover, MNs notably improved glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, M@SA microgels effectively regulated blood glucose, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress in diabetic mice while mitigating liver, kidney, and pancreatic damage and enhancing anti-inflammatory responses. Our findings propose a promising strategy for the oral administration of natural compounds for blood glucose regulation, with implications for broader therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hua
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Tao Chen
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Di Wu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu Xu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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3
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Amiri A, Abedanzadeh S, Davaeil B, Shaabani A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Protein click chemistry and its potential for medical applications. Q Rev Biophys 2024; 57:e6. [PMID: 38619322 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583524000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A revolution in chemical biology occurred with the introduction of click chemistry. Click chemistry plays an important role in protein chemistry modifications, providing specific, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-handle methods. Under physiological conditions, click chemistry often overlaps with bioorthogonal chemistry, defined as reactions that occur rapidly and selectively without interfering with biological processes. Click chemistry is used for the posttranslational modification of proteins based on covalent bond formations. With the contribution of click reactions, selective modification of proteins would be developed, representing an alternative to other technologies in preparing new proteins or enzymes for studying specific protein functions in different biological processes. Click-modified proteins have potential in diverse applications such as imaging, labeling, sensing, drug design, and enzyme technology. Due to the promising role of proteins in disease diagnosis and therapy, this review aims to highlight the growing applications of click strategies in protein chemistry over the last two decades, with a special emphasis on medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bagher Davaeil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Lin J, Yuan P, Lin R, Xue X, Chen M, Xing L. A Self-Powered Lactate Sensor Based on the Piezoelectric Effect for Assessing Tumor Development. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2161. [PMID: 38610372 PMCID: PMC11014382 DOI: 10.3390/s24072161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The build-up of lactate in solid tumors stands as a crucial and early occurrence in malignancy development, and the concentration of lactate in the tumor microenvironment may be a more sensitive indicator for analyzing primary tumors. In this study, we designed a self-powered lactate sensor for the rapid analysis of tumor samples, utilizing the coupling between the piezoelectric effect and enzymatic reaction. This lactate sensor is fabricated using a ZnO nanowire array modified with lactate oxidase (LOx). The sensing process does not require an external power source or batteries. The device can directly output electric signals containing lactate concentration information when subjected to external forces. The lactate concentration detection upper limit of the sensor is at least 27 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 1.3 mM and a response time of around 10 s. This study innovatively applied self-powered technology to the in situ detection of the tumor microenvironment and used the results to estimate the growth period of the primary tumor. The availability of this application has been confirmed through biological experiments. Furthermore, the sensor data generated by the device offer valuable insights for evaluating the likelihood of remote tumor metastasis. This study may expand the research scope of self-powered technology in the field of medical diagnosis and offer a novel perspective on cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Lin
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (R.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Pengcheng Yuan
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (R.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Rui Lin
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (R.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xinyu Xue
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (R.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Meihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Lili Xing
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (J.L.); (P.Y.); (R.L.); (X.X.)
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Padayachee T, Lamb DC, Nelson DR, Syed K. Structure-Function Analysis of the Biotechnologically Important Cytochrome P450 107 (CYP107) Enzyme Family. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1733. [PMID: 38136604 PMCID: PMC10741444 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs; P450s) are a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes that are recognized for their vast substrate range and oxidative multifunctionality. CYP107 family members perform hydroxylation and epoxidation processes, producing a variety of biotechnologically useful secondary metabolites. Despite their biotechnological importance, a thorough examination of CYP107 protein structures regarding active site cavity dynamics and key amino acids interacting with bound ligands has yet to be undertaken. To address this research knowledge gap, 44 CYP107 crystal structures were investigated in this study. We demonstrate that the CYP107 active site cavity is very flexible, with ligand binding reducing the volume of the active site in some situations and increasing volume size in other instances. Polar interactions between the substrate and active site residues result in crucial salt bridges and the formation of proton shuttling pathways. Hydrophobic interactions, however, anchor the substrate within the active site. The amino acid residues within the binding pocket influence substrate orientation and anchoring, determining the position of the hydroxylation site and hence direct CYP107's catalytic activity. Additionally, the amino acid dynamics within and around the binding pocket determine CYP107's multifunctionality. This study serves as a reference for understanding the structure-function analysis of CYP107 family members precisely and the structure-function analysis of P450 enzymes in general. Finally, this work will aid in the genetic engineering of CYP107 enzymes to produce novel molecules of biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara Padayachee
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
| | - David C. Lamb
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Khajamohiddin Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
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Hou W, Niu H, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu C. In-depth analysis of the xanthine oxidase inhibitors of Cicer arietinum L.-based receptor-ligand affinity coupled with complex chromatography. Phytochem Anal 2023; 34:997-1008. [PMID: 37518935 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cicer arietinum L. is the choice of health food for people with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. As an essential source of high-nutrition legumes, it is also an important source of dietary isoflavones. OBJECTIVES In order to improve the preparation efficiency of natural plants, a rapid biological activity screening and preparation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from C. arietinum L. was established. METHODS Xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors were rapidly screened using ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) based on receptor-ligand affinity. The change in XOD activity was evaluated by enzymatic reaction kinetics measurement. The potential bioactive compounds were verified through molecular docking. In addition, the biological activity of ligands screened was separated and purified by complex chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Three active ingredients, namely daidzin, daidzein, calycosin with XOD binding affinities were identified and isolated from the raw plant materials via semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 0-60 min, 5-50% B and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) (ethyl acetate/acetic acid/water [5:0.8:10, v/v/v]). CONCLUSION This study will help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of natural plants of interest at the molecular level and could also provide more opportunities for the discovery and development of new nutritional value from other natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Hou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huazhou Niu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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Messina M, Maugeri L, Spoto G, Puccio R, Ruggieri M, Petralia S. Fully Integrated Point-of-Care Platform for the Self-Monitoring of Phenylalanine in Finger-Prick Blood. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4152-4160. [PMID: 37890867 PMCID: PMC10683505 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Development of point-of-care platforms combining reliability and ease of use is a challenge for the evolution of sensing in healthcare technologies. Here, we report the development and testing of a fully integrated enzymatic colorimetric assay for the sensing of phenylalanine in blood samples from phenylketonuria patients. The platform works with a customized mobile app for data acquisition and visualization and comprises an electronic system and a disposable sensor. The sensing approach is based on specific enzymatic phenylalanine recognition, and the optical transduction method is based on in situ gold nanostructure formation. The phenylketonuria (PKU) smart sensor platform is conceived to perform self-monitoring on phenylalanine levels and real-time therapy tuning, thanks to the direct connection with clinicians. Validation of the technologies with a population of patients affected by PKU, together with the concurrent validation of the platform through centralized laboratories, has confirmed the good analytical performances in terms of sensitivity and specificity, robustness, and utility for phenylalanine sensing. The self-monitoring of phenylalanine for the daily identification of abnormal health conditions could facilitate rapid therapy tuning, improving the wellness of PKU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Anna Messina
- Expanded
Newborn Screening Laboratory, A.O.U Policlinico
“G. Rodolico—San Marco”, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ludovica Maugeri
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Martino Ruggieri
- Expanded
Newborn Screening Laboratory, A.O.U Policlinico
“G. Rodolico—San Marco”, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Unit
of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CNR-Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry, 95126 Catania, Italy
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8
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Wang C, Yuan C, Wang Y, Chen R, Shi Y, Zhang T, Xue F, Patti GJ, Wei L, Hou Q. MPI-VGAE: protein-metabolite enzymatic reaction link learning by variational graph autoencoders. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad189. [PMID: 37225420 PMCID: PMC10359079 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic reactions are crucial to explore the mechanistic function of metabolites and proteins in cellular processes and to understand the etiology of diseases. The increasing number of interconnected metabolic reactions allows the development of in silico deep learning-based methods to discover new enzymatic reaction links between metabolites and proteins to further expand the landscape of existing metabolite-protein interactome. Computational approaches to predict the enzymatic reaction link by metabolite-protein interaction (MPI) prediction are still very limited. In this study, we developed a Variational Graph Autoencoders (VGAE)-based framework to predict MPI in genome-scale heterogeneous enzymatic reaction networks across ten organisms. By incorporating molecular features of metabolites and proteins as well as neighboring information in the MPI networks, our MPI-VGAE predictor achieved the best predictive performance compared to other machine learning methods. Moreover, when applying the MPI-VGAE framework to reconstruct hundreds of metabolic pathways, functional enzymatic reaction networks and a metabolite-metabolite interaction network, our method showed the most robust performance among all scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first MPI predictor by VGAE for enzymatic reaction link prediction. Furthermore, we implemented the MPI-VGAE framework to reconstruct the disease-specific MPI network based on the disrupted metabolites and proteins in Alzheimer's disease and colorectal cancer, respectively. A substantial number of novel enzymatic reaction links were identified. We further validated and explored the interactions of these enzymatic reactions using molecular docking. These results highlight the potential of the MPI-VGAE framework for the discovery of novel disease-related enzymatic reactions and facilitate the study of the disrupted metabolisms in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ranran Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yuying Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Leyi Wei
- School of Software, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qingzhen Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
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Petran A, Radu T, Dan M, Nan A. Exploiting Enzyme in the Polymer Synthesis for a Remarkable Increase in Thermal Conductivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087606. [PMID: 37108765 PMCID: PMC10143580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in polymers with high thermal conductivity increased much because of their inherent properties such as low density, low cost, flexibility, and good chemical resistance. However, it is challenging to engineer plastics with good heat transfer characteristics, processability, and required strength. Improving the degree of the chain alignment and forming a continuous thermal conduction network is expected to enhance thermal conductivity. This research aimed to develop polymers with a high thermal conductivity that can be interesting for several applications. Two polymers, namely poly(benzofuran-co-arylacetic acid) and poly(tartronic-co-glycolic acid), with high thermal conductivity containing microscopically ordered structures were prepared by performing enzyme-catalyzed (Novozyme-435) polymerization of the corresponding α-hydroxy acids 4-hydroxymandelic acid and tartronic acid, respectively. A comparison between the polymer's structure and heat transfer obtained by mere thermal polymerization before and enzyme-catalyzed polymerization will now be discussed, revealing a dramatic increase in thermal conductivity in the latter case. The polymer structures were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in liquid- and solid-state (ss-NMR), and powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity were measured using the transient plane source technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Petran
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Radu
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Dan
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Nan
- Department of Physics Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Suzuki T, Morimoto K. Characterization of D-xylose isomerase from Shinella zoogloeoides NN6 and its application for producing D-allulose and two D-ketopentoses in a one-pot multi-step transformation. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:175-183. [PMID: 35650024 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Researchers continue to search for efficient processes to reduce the production costs of rare sugars. In this paper, we report a novel D-xylose isomerase from Shinella zoogloeoides NN6 (SzXI) and its application for efficient rare sugar production. Purified SzXI did not show remarkable properties when compared with those of a previously reported D-xylose isomerase. However, NN6 was found to express inducible SzXI and constitutive D-allulose 3-epimerase (SzAE) when cultivated with D-xylose as the sole carbon source. These two enzymes were partially purified and immobilized onto HPA25L, an anion exchange resin. The co-immobilized SzXI and SzAE (i-XA) showed optimal activity at 65°C in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and 90°C in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), respectively. i-XA produced D-ribulose via D-xylulose from D-xylose at a conversion ratio of D-xylose:D-xylulose:D-ribulose of 72:18:10. Furthermore, D-allulose was also produced via D-fructose using D-glucose as the substrate, with a D-allulose yield of 11.2%. This is the first report describing a bacterium expressing D-xylose isomerase and D-allulose 3-epimerase that converts readily available sugars such as D-glucose and D-xylose to rare sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Morimoto
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University
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11
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Zhu XL, Lu LJ, Wu QH, Wei D, Yan YH, Ren CX, Pei J. [Composition changes reveal relationship between color and enzymatic reaction of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" process]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:1262-1272. [PMID: 35343153 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211110.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we employed Q Exactive to determine the main differential metabolites of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex du-ring the "sweating" process. Further, we quantified the color parameters and determined the activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO), peroxidase(POD), and tyrosinase of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Gray correlation analysis was performed for the color, chemical composition, and enzyme activity to reveal the effect of enzymatic reaction on the color of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex sweating in different manners showed similar metabolite changes. The primary metabolites that changed significantly included amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars, and the secondary metabolites with significant changes were phenols and phenylpropanoids. Despite the different sweating methods, eleven compounds were commonly up-regulated, including L-glutamic acid, acetylarginine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine; six compounds were commonly down-re-gulated, including L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, and phenylalanine. The brightness value(L~*), red-green value(a~*), and yellow-blue value(b~*) of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex kept decreasing during the "sweating" process. The changes in the activities of PPO and POD during sweating were consistent with those in the color parameter values. The gray correlation analysis demonstrated that the main differential metabolites such as amino acids and phenols were closely related to the color parameters L~*, a~* and b~*; POD was correlated with amino acids and phenols; PPO had strong correlation with phenols. The results indicated that the color change of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" was closely related to the reactions of enzymes dominated by PPO and POD. The study analyzed the correlations among the main differential metabolites, color parameters, and enzyme activities of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex in the "sweating" process. It reveals the common law of material changes and ascertains the relationship between color changes and enzymatic reactions of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating". Therefore, this study provides a reference for studying the "sweating" mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and is of great significance to guarantee the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137, China School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li-Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137, China School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137, China School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137, China School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu-Hang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137, China School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chao-Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137, China School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu 611137, China School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137, China
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12
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Khan NA, Alshammari FS, Romero CAT, Sulaiman M, Laouini G. Mathematical Analysis of Reaction-Diffusion Equations Modeling the Michaelis-Menten Kinetics in a Micro-Disk Biosensor. Molecules 2021; 26:7310. [PMID: 34885892 PMCID: PMC8659114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the mathematical model of an immobilized enzyme system that follows the Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetics for a micro-disk biosensor. The film reaction model under steady state conditions is transformed into a couple differential equations which are based on dimensionless concentration of hydrogen peroxide with enzyme reaction (H) and substrate (S) within the biosensor. The model is based on a reaction-diffusion equation which contains highly non-linear terms related to MM kinetics of the enzymatic reaction. Further, to calculate the effect of variations in parameters on the dimensionless concentration of substrate and hydrogen peroxide, we have strengthened the computational ability of neural network (NN) architecture by using a backpropagated Levenberg-Marquardt training (LMT) algorithm. NNs-LMT algorithm is a supervised machine learning for which the initial data set is generated by using MATLAB built in function known as "pdex4". Furthermore, the data set is validated by the processing of the NNs-LMT algorithm to find the approximate solutions for different scenarios and cases of mathematical model of micro-disk biosensors. Absolute errors, curve fitting, error histograms, regression and complexity analysis further validate the accuracy and robustness of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Fahad Sameer Alshammari
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Alkharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Muhammad Sulaiman
- Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Ghaylen Laouini
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
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13
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Merlo R, Caprioglio D, Cillo M, Valenti A, Mattossovich R, Morrone C, Massarotti A, Rossi F, Miggiano R, Leonardi A, Minassi A, Perugino G. The SNAP- tag technology revised: an effective chemo-enzymatic approach by using a universal azide-based substrate. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:85-97. [PMID: 33121288 PMCID: PMC7599001 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1841182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SNAP-tag ® is a powerful technology for the labelling of protein/enzymes by using benzyl-guanine (BG) derivatives as substrates. Although commercially available or ad hoc produced, their synthesis and purification are necessary, increasing time and costs. To address this limitation, here we suggest a revision of this methodology, by performing a chemo-enzymatic approach, by using a BG-substrate containing an azide group appropriately distanced by a spacer from the benzyl ring. The SNAP-tag ® and its relative thermostable version (SsOGT-H5 ) proved to be very active on this substrate. The stability of these tags upon enzymatic reaction makes possible the exposition to the solvent of the azide-moiety linked to the catalytic cysteine, compatible for the subsequent conjugation with DBCO-derivatives by azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. Our studies propose a strengthening and an improvement in terms of biotechnological applications for this self-labelling protein-tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Merlo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Caprioglio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Michele Cillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Valenti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattossovich
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Castrese Morrone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,IXTAL srl, Novara, Italy
| | - Franca Rossi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,IXTAL srl, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Minassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perugino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
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14
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Li X, Zhao X, Lv R, Hao L, Huo F, Yao X. Polymeric Nanoreactors as Emerging Nanoplatforms for Cancer Precise Nanomedicine. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000424. [PMID: 33811465 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How to precisely detect and effectively cure cancer which is defined as precise nanomedicine has drawn great attention worldwide. Polymeric nanoreactors which can in situ catalyze inert species into activated ones, can greatly increase imaging quality and enhance therapeutic effects along with decreased background interference and reduced serious side effects. After a brief introduction, the design and preparation of polymeric nanoreactors are discussed from the following aspects, that is, solvent-switch, pH-tuning, film rehydration, hard template, electrostatic interaction, and polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Subsequently, the biomedical applications of these nanoreactors in the fields of cancer imaging, cancer therapy, and cancer theranostics are highlighted. The last but not least, conclusions and future perspectives about polymeric nanoreactors are given. It is believed that polymeric nanoreactors can bring a great opportunity for future fabrication and clinical translation of precise nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Runkai Lv
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Linhui Hao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xikuang Yao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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15
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Li W, Chen W, Wang J, Feng J, Wu D, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Yang Y. Effects of enzymatic reaction on the generation of key aroma volatiles in shiitake mushroom at different cultivation substrates. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2247-2256. [PMID: 33841840 PMCID: PMC8020957 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aroma is an important factor affecting mushroom character and quality. According to the different reaction pathway, the key aroma metabolites (sulfur and eight-carbon volatiles) formation can be classified into enzymatic reactions and nonenzymatic reactions. Aroma volatiles are generated from precursors via the biocatalytic activities of various synthases during the growth stages of shiitake mushrooms. Understanding the specific relationships between the key aroma metabolites and their synthases is key to improving shiitake mushroom quality. At the same time, to reduce forest logging and burning of agricultural by-products in farmland, agricultural by-products have been applied to shiitake mushroom cultivation. Nevertheless, how to further improve the production of aroma volatiles in mushroom cultivated with agricultural waste is still a challenge. In order to understand the biosynthesis of volatiles via enzymatic reactions and screen the agricultural by-products that can improve the production of aroma volatiles in mushroom cultivation, the mechanism of producing aroma volatiles needs to be further elucidated. In this study, the activities and gene expression levels of the key synthases involved in volatile metabolism, the contents of key aroma volatiles, and the correlations between related synthetase, volatiles, and cultivation substrate (CS) were investigated. Network models for visualizing the links between synthetase, volatiles, and CSs were built through partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. The correlation coefficients among three related synthetase and enzymatic gene expression were high, and the combined effects of multiple synthetase promoted the production of volatiles. PLS analysis showed that the corncob and corn meal were more related to the production of volatiles and synthetase gene expression, and they can be added to the CSs as flavor promoting substances. The enrichment of key aroma volatiles in shiitake mushroom cultivated by the gradient of 20% corn meal combination CS was noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Guosen Bio‐tech Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Wan‐Chao Chen
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Guosen Bio‐tech Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Jin‐Bin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology ResearchShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Guosen Bio‐tech Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Guosen Bio‐tech Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Guosen Bio‐tech Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Jing‐Song Zhang
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Guosen Bio‐tech Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Edible FungiKey Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South)Ministry of AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Guosen Bio‐tech Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
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16
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Wakabayashi R, Higuchi A, Obayashi H, Goto M, Kamiya N. pH-Responsive Self-Assembly of Designer Aromatic Peptide Amphiphiles and Enzymatic Post-Modification of Assembled Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073459. [PMID: 33801602 PMCID: PMC8037177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular fibrous materials in biological systems play important structural and functional roles, and therefore, there is a growing interest in synthetic materials that mimic such fibrils, especially those bearing enzymatic reactivity. In this study, we investigated the self-assembly and enzymatic post-modification of short aromatic peptide amphiphiles (PAs), Fmoc-LnQG (n = 2 or 3), which contain an LQG recognition unit for microbial transglutaminase (MTG). These aromatic PAs self-assemble into fibrous structures via π-π stacking interactions between the Fmoc groups and hydrogen bonds between the peptides. The intermolecular interactions and morphologies of the assemblies were influenced by the solution pH because of the change in the ionization states of the C-terminal carboxy group of the peptides. Moreover, MTG-catalyzed post-modification of a small fluorescent molecule bearing an amine group also showed pH dependency, where the enzymatic reaction rate was increased at higher pH, which may be because of the higher nucleophilicity of the amine group and the electrostatic interaction between MTG and the self-assembled Fmoc-LnQG. Finally, the accumulation of the fluorescent molecule on these assembled materials was directly observed by confocal fluorescence images. Our study provides a method to accumulate functional molecules on supramolecular structures enzymatically with the morphology control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.H.); (H.O.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.W.); (N.K.); Tel.: +81-92-802-2809 (R.W.); +81-92-802-2807 (N.K.)
| | - Ayato Higuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.H.); (H.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Hiroki Obayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.H.); (H.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.H.); (H.O.); (M.G.)
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (A.H.); (H.O.); (M.G.)
- Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.W.); (N.K.); Tel.: +81-92-802-2809 (R.W.); +81-92-802-2807 (N.K.)
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17
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Zhang G, Huang B, Zheng C, Chen Q, Fei P. Investigation of a Lipase-Catalyzed Reaction between Pectin and Salicylic Acid and Its Isomers and Evaluation of the Emulsifying Properties, Antioxidant Activities, and Antibacterial Activities of the Corresponding Products. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1234-1241. [PMID: 33301331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a method for modifying pectin with phenolic acids catalyzed by lipase in a two-phase system of water/tetrahydrofuran. Salicylic acid (SA) and its isomers, including m-hydroxybenzoic acid (MHBA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), were grafted onto pectin, and the products were characterized via UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1H NMR analyses to explore the reaction process and mechanism between pectin and the three phenolic acids. Results indicated that lipase played a dual role in the reaction, namely, catalyzing the hydrolysis of the methyl group in the aqueous phase and esterifying the carboxyl group of pectin with the phenolic hydroxyl group of the phenolic acids in tetrahydrofuran. The grafting ratio of SA-modified pectin, MHBA-modified pectin, and PHBA-modified pectin was 1.89, 10.58, and 20.32%, respectively, and it was affected by the position of phenolic hydroxyl. Moreover, the effects of phenolic acids on the emulsifying properties, antioxidant activities, and antibacterial activities of the native and modified pectins were evaluated. In several aspects, the emulsifying properties of the modified pectins were better than those of native pectin. Moreover, the grafting of phenolic acids only slightly affected the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) clearance of the modified pectins but substantially improved their inhibition ratio in a β-carotene bleaching assay. Furthermore, the modified pectins exhibited better bacteriostatic activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than native pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants with Fujian and Taiwan Characteristics of Fujian Colleges and Universities, School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Bingqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants with Fujian and Taiwan Characteristics of Fujian Colleges and Universities, School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Chenmin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants with Fujian and Taiwan Characteristics of Fujian Colleges and Universities, School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants with Fujian and Taiwan Characteristics of Fujian Colleges and Universities, School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plants with Fujian and Taiwan Characteristics of Fujian Colleges and Universities, School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, P. R. China
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18
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Matsubara T, Takemura K. Containerless Bioorganic Reactions in a Floating Droplet by Levitation Technique Using an Ultrasonic Wave. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2002780. [PMID: 33552862 PMCID: PMC7856899 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, alternative process design without plastics for chemical and biological reactions will benefit future generations. Reaction flasks used in chemical and biological laboratories have been made from glass, metals, and plastics so far. If containerless processing can be realized, researchers will have a next-generation reaction process, which will be reactor and plastic-free, and without risks of unforeseen issues induced by contact with reactions flasks, including contamination and alteration of the reactants. Here, polymerization, click chemistry, and enzymatic reactions can proceed effectively in a floating droplet at a node of standing wave generated by ultrasonic levitation. These results demonstrate that floating droplets levitated by acoustic waves can represent a revolutionary containerless reactor for performing various reactions in the fields of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohamaKanagawa223‐8522Japan
| | - Kenjiro Takemura
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University3‐14‐1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku‐kuYokohamaKanagawa223‐8522Japan
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19
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Kim Y, Ryu JY, Kim HU, Jang WD, Lee SY. A deep learning approach to evaluate the feasibility of enzymatic reactions generated by retrobiosynthesis. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000605. [PMID: 33386776 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retrobiosynthesis allows the designing of novel biosynthetic pathways for the production of chemicals and materials through metabolic engineering, but generates a large number of reactions beyond the experimental feasibility. Thus, an effective method that can reduce a large number of the initially predicted enzymatic reactions has been needed. Here, we present Deep learning-based Reaction Feasibility Checker (DeepRFC) to classify the feasibility of a given enzymatic reaction with high performance and speed. DeepRFC is designed to receive Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) strings of a reactant pair, which is defined as a substrate and a product of a reaction, as an input, and evaluates whether the input reaction is feasible. A deep neural network is selected for DeepRFC as it leads to better classification performance than five other representative machine learning methods examined. For validation, the performance of DeepRFC is compared with another in-house reaction feasibility checker that uses the concept of reaction similarity. Finally, the use of DeepRFC is demonstrated for the retrobiosynthesis-based design of novel one-carbon assimilation pathways. DeepRFC will allow retrobiosynthesis to be more practical for metabolic engineering applications by efficiently screening a large number of retrobiosynthesis-derived enzymatic reactions. DeepRFC is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/kaistsystemsbiology/deeprfc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Kim
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Ryu
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Dae Jang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Artificial Intelligence, BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sugita M, Onishi I, Irisa M, Yoshida N, Hirata F. Molecular Recognition and Self-Organization in Life Phenomena Studied by a Statistical Mechanics of Molecular Liquids, the RISM/3D-RISM Theory. Molecules 2021; 26:E271. [PMID: 33430461 PMCID: PMC7826681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two molecular processes that are essential for living bodies to maintain their life: the molecular recognition, and the self-organization or self-assembly. Binding of a substrate by an enzyme is an example of the molecular recognition, while the protein folding is a good example of the self-organization process. The two processes are further governed by the other two physicochemical processes: solvation and the structural fluctuation. In the present article, the studies concerning the two molecular processes carried out by Hirata and his coworkers, based on the statistical mechanics of molecular liquids or the RISM/3D-RISM theory, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Sugita
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, W8-76, 2-12-1, Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | - Itaru Onishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan; (I.O.); (M.I.)
| | - Masayuki Irisa
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan; (I.O.); (M.I.)
| | - Norio Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan;
| | - Fumio Hirata
- Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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21
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Sun Y, Wang G, Jing Z, Liang J, Sui J, Fan J, Li J. Microfluidic Pneumatic Printed Sandwiched Microdroplet Array for High-Throughput Enzymatic Reaction and Screening. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:446-454. [PMID: 32406795 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320908248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput enzyme screening for desired functionality is highly demanded. This paper utilizes a newly developed microfluidic pneumatic printing platform for high-throughput enzyme screening applications. The novel printing platform can achieve distinct features including a disposable cartridge, which avoids crosstalk; a flexible cartridge design, allowing for integration of multiple channels; and fast printing speed with submicroliter spot size. Moreover, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based sandwich structure has been proposed and used during the printing and imaging, which can lead to better results, including reduced evaporation as well as a uniform light path during imaging. Using this microfluidic pneumatic printed PDMS sandwiched microdroplet array platform, we have demonstrated the capability of high-throughput generation of a combinatorial droplet array with concentration and volume gradients. Furthermore, the potential for enzymatic study has been validated by quantified cellulose reaction implemented with the printing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Chang Chun, Ji Lin, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Chang Chun, Ji Lin, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhi Jing
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Chang Chun, Ji Lin, China
| | - Jingting Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiajie Sui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jinzhen Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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22
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Wang D, Emanuel AJ, Neyens RR, Bakharev E, Babic N. Cefoxitin-Serum Creatinine Interference in a Patient With Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Ventriculomeningitis. J Pharm Pract 2020; 34:658-661. [PMID: 32351174 DOI: 10.1177/0897190020921613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephamycin antibiotic, which at concentrations ≥100 µg/mL is known to modestly interfere, for up to 2 hours post-infusion, with serum creatinine measurement via the traditional Jaffe-based assay. We report a case of a severe serum creatinine elevation while utilizing cefoxitin as a component of an antimicrobial regimen in a critically ill patient with Mycobacterium abscessus ventriculomeningitis. Our results, both via patient serum analysis and a cefoxitin spiking experiment, demonstrate interference despite the utilization of improved modern Jaffe-based assays. In fact, the cefoxitin-creatinine interference may be clinically relevant at concentrations 3 times lower than that listed in the package insert and may display more than a modest interference at typical therapeutic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anthony J Emanuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ron R Neyens
- Department of Pharmacy, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Eugene Bakharev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 5944Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolina Babic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Jahangirian H, Saleh B, Kalantari K, Rafiee-Moghaddam R, Nikpey B, Jahangirian S, Webster TJ. Enzymatic Synthesis of Ricinoleyl Hydroxamic Acid Based on Commercial Castor Oil, Cytotoxicity Properties and Application as a New Anticancer Agent. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2935-2945. [PMID: 32425525 PMCID: PMC7196198 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s223796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New anticancer agents that rely on natural/healthy, not synthetic/toxic, components are very much needed. METHODS Ricinoleyl hydroxamic acid (RHA) was synthesized from castor oil and hydroxylamine using Lipozyme TL IM as a catalyst. To optimize the conversion, the effects of the following parameters were investigated: type of organic solvent, period of reaction, amount of enzyme, the molar ratio of reactants and temperature. The highest conversion was obtained when the reaction was carried out under the following conditions: hexane as a solvent; reaction period of 48 hours; 120 mg of Lipozyme TL IM/3 mmol oil; HA-oil ratio of 19 mmol HA/3 mmol oil; and temperature of 40°C. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized RHA was assessed using human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and its application towards fighting cancer was assessed using melanoma and glioblastoma cancer cells over a duration of 24 and 48 hours. RESULTS RHA was successfully synthesized and it demonstrated strong anticancer activity against glioblastoma and melanoma cells at as low as a 1 µg/mL concentration while it did not demonstrate any toxicity against HDF cells. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the synthesis of RHA with great potential to be used as a new anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jahangirian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Bahram Saleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Katayoon Kalantari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Bahareh Nikpey
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Engineering and Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, IA University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
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Park JY, Park K, Ok G, Chang HJ, Park TJ, Choi SW, Lim MC. Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Using Automated Immunomagnetic Separation and Enzyme-Based Colorimetric Assay. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1395. [PMID: 32143335 DOI: 10.3390/s20051395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The food industry requires rapid and simple detection methods for preventing harm from pathogenic bacteria. Until now, various technologies used to detect foodborne bacteria were time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, we have developed an automated immunomagnetic separation combined with a colorimetric assay for the rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 in food samples. The colorimetric detection method using enzymatic reaction is fascinating because of its simplicity and rapidity and does not need sophisticated devices. Moreover, the proposed procedures for the detection of bacteria in food take less than 3 h including pre-enrichment, separation and detection steps. First, target-specific immunomagnetic beads were introduced to contaminated milk in a pre-enrichment step. Second, the pre-enriched sample solution containing target bacteria bound on immunomagnetic beads was injected into an automated pretreatment system. Subsequently, the immunomagnetic beads along with target bacteria were separated and concentrated into a recovery tube. Finally, released β-galactosidase from E. coli O157:H7 after lysis was reacted with chlorophenol red β-galactopyranoside (CPRG) used as a substrate and the colorimetric change of CPRG was determined by absorbance measuring or the naked eye. By the proposed approach in this study, we could detect 3 × 102 CFU/mL of E. coli O157:H7 from a milk sample within 3 h.
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Chang X, Liu H, Sun J, Wang J, Zhao C, Zhang W, Zhang J, Sun C. Zearalenone Removal from Corn Oil by an Enzymatic Strategy. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E117. [PMID: 32069863 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-like mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely distributed contaminants especially in maize and its commodities, such as corn oil. ZEN degrading enzymes possess the potential for counteracting the negative effect of ZEN and its associated high safety risk in corn oil. Herein, we targeted enhancing the secretion of ZEN degrading enzyme by Pichia pastoris through constructing an expression plasmid containing three optimized expression cassettes of zlhy-6 codon and signal peptides. Further, we explored various parameters of enzymatic detoxification in neutralized oil and analyzed tocopherols and sterols losses in the corn oil. In addition, the distribution of degraded products was demonstrated as well by Agilent 6510 Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry. P. pastoris GSZ with the glucoamylase signal was observed with the highest ZLHY-6 secretion yield of 0.39 mg/mL. During the refining of corn oil, ZEN in the crude oil was reduced from 1257.3 to 13 µg/kg (3.69% residual) after neutralization and enzymatic detoxification. Compared with the neutralized oil, no significant difference in the total tocopherols and sterols contents was detected after enzymatic detoxification. Finally, the degraded products were found to be entirely eliminated by washing. This study presents an enzymatic strategy for efficient and safe ZEN removal with relatively low nutrient loss, which provides an important basis for further application of enzymatic ZEN elimination in the industrial process of corn oil production.
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26
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Kodera Y, Kurita M, Nakamoto M, Matsutomo T. Chemistry of aged garlic: Diversity of constituents in aged garlic extract and their production mechanisms via the combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1574-1584. [PMID: 32010342 PMCID: PMC6966121 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Raw garlic contains characteristic compounds, such as S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides, γ-glutamyl-S-alk(en)-ylcysteines and polysaccharides. These compounds undergo various transformation processes during the aging process. Among these compounds, the change of sulfur-containing molecules is diverse and time-dependent. Previously, by means of the liquid chromatography (LC)/LC-mass spectrometry (MS) method, a number of unidentified peaks corresponding to candidates of sulfur-containing molecules were detected in the chromatogram of aged garlic extract (AGE), and identified using MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The production mechanisms of these compounds were then examined by model reactions and laboratory experiments mimicking the aging process. Three γ-glutamyl tripeptides [γ-glutamyl-γ-glutamyl-S-methylcysteine, γ-glutamyl-γ-gluta-myl-S-allylcysteine (GGSAC), γ-glutamyl-γ-glutamyl-S-1-propenylcysteine], γ-glutamyl-S-allylmercaptocysteine (GSAMC) and cis-S-1-propenylcysteine (cis-S1PC) were isolated and identified. GGSAC was produced from GSAC through the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and two other tripeptides could be produced in similar reactions. GSAMC was produced by the reaction between γ-glutamyl dipeptides and allicin. Furthermore, GSAMC was a precursor compound of S-allyl-mercaptocysteine (SAMC), and thus it was produced from GSAMC by GGT. cis-S1PC was produced from trans-S1PC by the isomerization reaction. A number of other compounds were also identified, including Maillard reaction products; however, their production mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this review, we present the changes in characteristic constituents in raw garlic and garlic extract during the aging process and discuss their production mechanisms involving the various chemical and enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Kodera
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurita
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
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Belyaev D, Schütt J, Ibarlucea B, Rim T, Baraban L, Cuniberti G. Nanosensors-Assisted Quantitative Analysis of Biochemical Processes in Droplets. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E138. [PMID: 31991863 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a miniaturized lab-on-a-chip detecting system for an all-electric and label-free analysis of the emulsion droplets incorporating the nanoscopic silicon nanowires-based field-effect transistors (FETs). We specifically focus on the analysis of β-galactosidase e.g., activity, which is an important enzyme of the glycolysis metabolic pathway. Furthermore, the efficiency of the synthesis and action of β-galactosidase can be one of the markers for several diseases, e.g., cancer, hyper/hypoglycemia, cell senescence, or other disruptions in cell functioning. We measure the reaction and reaction kinetics-associated shift of the source-to-drain current Isd in the system, which is caused by the change of the ionic strength of the microenvironment. With these results, we demonstrate that the ion-sensitive FETs are able to sense the interior of the aqueous reactors; thus, the conjunction of miniature nanosensors and droplet-based microfluidic systems conceptually opens a new route toward a sensitive, optics-less analysis of biochemical processes.
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Takayanagi T, Mine M, Mizuguchi H. Capillary Electrophoresis/Dynamic Frontal Analysis for the Enzyme Assay of 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate with Alkaline Phosphatase. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:829-834. [PMID: 31956161 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A substrate of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate was enzymatically hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in a capillary tube, while an injected zone of the substrate was electrophoretically migrating in the separation buffer containing the enzyme by capillary electrophoresis (CE). During CE migration of the substrate from the start time of the electrophoresis to the detection time of the substrate, the substrate was continuously hydrolyzed by ALP to form a product of 4-nitrophenolate, and a plateau signal of 4-nitrophenolate was detected as a result of the zero-order kinetic reaction. The height of the plateau signal was directly related to the reaction rate, and it was used for the determination of a Michaelis-Menten constant through Lineweaver-Burk plots. Since the plateau signal is attributed to the dynamic formation of the product by the enzymatic reaction in CE, this analysis method is named as capillary electrophoresis/dynamic frontal analysis (CE/DFA). In CE/DFA, the CE separation is included on detecting the plateau signal, and the hydrolysis product before the sample injection is resolved from the dynamically and continuously formed product. The inhibition of the enzyme with the product is also eliminated in CE/DFA by the CE separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Takayanagi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Masanori Mine
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University
| | - Hitoshi Mizuguchi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University
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Wei K, Senturk B, Matter MT, Wu X, Herrmann IK, Rottmar M, Toncelli C. Mussel-Inspired Injectable Hydrogel Adhesive Formed under Mild Conditions Features Near-Native Tissue Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:47707-47719. [PMID: 31765122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogel adhesives, especially those that can strongly adhere to tissues and feature near-native tissue mechanical properties, are desirable biomaterials for tissue repair. Compared to nonadhesive injectable hydrogels for minimally invasive delivery of therapeutic agents, they can better retain the delivered agents at targeted tissue locations and provide additional local physical barriers. However, regardless of recent advances, an ideal injectable hydrogel adhesive with both proper adhesion and mechanical matching between hydrogels and tissues is yet to be demonstrated with cytocompatible and efficient in situ curing methods. Inspired by marine mussels, where different mussel foot proteins (Mfps) function cooperatively to achieve excellent wet adhesion, we herein report a dual-mode-mimicking strategy by modifying gelatin (Gel) biopolymers with a single-type thiourea-catechol (TU-Cat) functionality to mimic two types of Mfps and their mode of action. This strategy features a minor, yet impactful modification of biopolymers, which gives access to collective properties of an ideal injectable hydrogel adhesive. Specifically, with TU-Cat functionalization of only ∼0.4-1.2 mol % of total amino acid residues, the Mfp-mimetic gelatin biopolymer (Gel-TU-Cat) can be injected and cured rapidly under mild and cytocompatible conditions, giving rise to tissue adhesive hydrogels with excellent matrix ductility, proper wet adhesion, and native tissue-like stress relaxation behaviors. Such a set of properties originating from our novel dual-mode-mimicking strategy makes the injectable hydrogel adhesive a promising platform for cell delivery and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xi Wu
- Institute for Mechanical Systems , ETH Zürich , Leonhardstrasse 21 , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
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30
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Liu H, Lou Q, Ma J, Su B, Gao Z, Liu Y. Cloning and Functional Characterization of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Gene Involved in Anthocyanidin Biosynthesis of Grape Hyacinth. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4743. [PMID: 31554290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape hyacinth (Muscari spp.) is a popular ornamental plant with bulbous flowers noted for their rich blue color. Muscari species have been thought to accumulate delphinidin and cyanidin rather than pelargonidin-type anthocyanins because their dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) does not efficiently reduce dihydrokaempferol. In our study, we clone a novel DFR gene from blue flowers of Muscari. aucheri. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and anthocyanin analysis showed that the expression pattern of MaDFR had strong correlations with the accumulation of delphinidin, relatively weak correlations with cyanidin, and no correations with pelargonidin. However, in vitro enzymatic analysis revealed that the MaDFR enzyme can reduce all the three types of dihydroflavonols (dihydrokaempferol, dihydroquercetin, and dihydromyricetin), although it most preferred dihydromyricetin as a substrate to produce leucodelphinidin, the precursor of blue-hued delphinidin. This indicated that there may be other functional genes responsible for the loss of red pelargonidin-based pigments in Muscari. To further verify the substrate-specific selection domains of MaDFR, an assay of amino acid substitutions was conducted. The activity of MaDFR was not affected whenever the N135 or E146 site was mutated. However, when both of them were mutated, the catalytic activity of MaDFR was lost completely. The results suggest that both the N135 and E146 sites are essential for the activity of MaDFR. Additionally, the heterologous expression of MaDFR in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) resulted in increasing anthocyanin accumulation, leading to a darker flower color, which suggested that MaDFR was involved in color development in flowers. In summary, MaDFR has a high preference for dihydromyricetin, and it could be a powerful candidate gene for genetic engineering for blue flower colour modification. Our results also make a valuable contribution to understanding the basis of color variation in the genus Muscari.
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S Barbosa J, L C Passos M, A Korn MDG, M F S Saraiva ML. Enzymatic Reactions in a Lab-on-Valve System: Cholesterol Evaluations. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162890. [PMID: 31395798 PMCID: PMC6719201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro sequential injection analysis / lab-on-valve (µSIA-LOV) system is a miniaturized SIA system resulting from the implementation of a lab-on-valve (LOV) atop of the selection valve. It integrates the detection cell and the sample processing channels into the same device, promoting the reduction of reagent consumption and waste generation, the improvement of the versatility, and the reduction of the time of analysis. All of these characteristics are really relevant to the implementation of enzymatic reactions. Additionally, the evaluation of cholesterol in serum samples is widely relevant in clinical diagnosis, since higher values of cholesterol in human blood are actually an important risk factor for cardiovascular problems. An automatic methodology was developed based on the µSIA-LOV system in order to evaluate its advantages in the implementation of enzymatic reactions performed by cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase and peroxidase. Considering these reactions, the developed methodology was also used for the evaluation of cholesterol in human serum samples, showing reliable and accurate results. The developed methodology presented detection and quantification limits of 1.36 and 4.53 mg dL−1 and a linear range up to 40 mg dL−1. This work confirmed that this µSIA-LOV system is a simple, rapid, versatile, and robust analytical tool for the automatic implementation of enzymatic reactions performed by cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase. It is also a useful alternative methodology for the routine determinations of cholesterol in real samples, even when compared with other automatic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucineide S Barbosa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marieta L C Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M das Graças A Korn
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- INCT de Energia e Ambiente-Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Ono T, Kanai Y, Inoue K, Watanabe Y, Nakakita SI, Kawahara T, Suzuki Y, Matsumoto K. Electrical Biosensing at Physiological Ionic Strength Using Graphene Field-Effect Transistor in Femtoliter Microdroplet. Nano Lett 2019; 19:4004-4009. [PMID: 31141379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has strong potential for electrical biosensing owing to its two-dimensional nature and high carrier mobility which transduce the direct contact of a detection target with a graphene channel to a large conductivity change in a graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET). However, the measurable range from the graphene surface is highly restricted by Debye screening, whose characteristic length is less than 1 nm at physiological ionic strength. Here, we demonstrated electrical biosensing utilizing the enzymatic products of the target. We achieved quantitative measurements of a target based on the site-binding model and real-time measurement of the enzyme kinetics in femtoliter microdroplets. The combination of a G-FET and microfluidics, named a "lab-on-a-graphene-FET", detected the enzyme urease with high sensitivity in the zeptomole range in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer. Also, the lab-on-a-graphene-FET detected the gastric cancer pathogen Helicobacter pylori captured at a distance greater than the Debye screening length from the G-FET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ono
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Yasushi Kanai
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto 602-8566 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakakita
- Department of Functional Glycomics, Life Science Research Center , Kagawa University , Miki-cho , Kagawa 761-0793 , Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
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Jiang YY, Zhou ZF, Zhu YJ, Chen FF, Lu BQ, Cao WT, Zhang YG, Cai ZD, Chen F. Enzymatic Reaction Generates Biomimic Nanominerals with Superior Bioactivity. Small 2018; 14:e1804321. [PMID: 30417599 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vivo mineralization is a multistep process involving mineral-protein complexes and various metastable compounds in vertebrates. In this complex process, the minerals produced in the mitochondrial matrix play a critical role in initiating extracellular mineralization. However, the functional mechanisms of the mitochondrial minerals are still a mystery. Herein, an in vitro enzymatic reaction strategy is reported for the generation of biomimic amorphous calcium phosphate (EACP) nanominerals by an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-catalyzed hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a weakly alkalescent aqueous condition (pH 8.0-8.5), which is partially similar to the mitochondrial environment. Significantly, the EACP nanomineral obviously promotes autophagy and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating an AMPK related pathway, and displays a high performance in promoting bone regeneration. These results provide in vitro evidence for the effect of ATP on the formation and stabilization of the mineral in the mineralization process, demonstrating a potential strategy for the preparation of the biomimic mineral for treating bone related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Fei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Qiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Dong Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Spinal Pain Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
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Pitschmann V, Matějovský L, Lobotka M, Dědič J, Urban M, Dymák M. Modified Biosensor for Cholinesterase Inhibitors with Guinea Green B as the Color Indicator. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8:E81. [PMID: 30181477 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorimetric biosensors of cholinesterase inhibitors are ideal for fast, reliable, and very simple detection of agents in air, in water, and on surfaces. This paper describes an innovation of the Czech Detehit biosensor, which is based on a biochemical enzymatic reaction visualized by using Ellman's reagent as a chromogenic indicator. The modification basically consists of a much more distinct color response of the biosensor, attained through optimization of the reaction system by using Guinea Green B as the indicator. The performance of the modified biosensor was verified on the chemical warfare agents (sarin, soman, cyclosarin, and VX) in water. The detection limits ascertained visually (with the naked eye) were about 0.001 µg/mL in water (exposure time 60 s, inhibition efficiency 25%).
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Gunawan ER, Suhendra D, Hidayat I, Kurniawati L. Optimization of Alkyldiethanolamides Synthesis from Terminalia catappa L. Kernel Oil through Enzymatic Reaction. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:949-955. [PMID: 30012893 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyldiethanolamides (fatty acid diethanolamides) synthesis from Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil was optimized using lypozyme as a catalyst. The result showed that the optimal reaction conditions were 2 hours reaction time, with a ratio of oil mass (g) to diethanolamine (mmol) of 1:5, a ratio of oil mass to enzyme (g) of 1: 0.075, and a temperature of 40°C. The percentage of alkyldiethanolamides at optimum condition was 56-60%. The synthesis results were also analyzed by FTIR. FTIR spectra revealed specific absorption at several wave numbers (3434 cm-1, 1655 cm-1, 1280 cm-1), indicating that amide and alcohol bonds (C=O, C-N, and O-H) were formed. GC-MS was employed to identify the types of fatty acid diethanolamides that were successfully synthesized. The fatty acid diethanolamides formed were palmitoyldiethanolamide (Rt = 32.96 min) and oleyldiethanolamide (Rt = 35.57 min). The total nitrogen content of alkyldietanolamides was 0.26%, or 0.19 mmol of the amide group in 1 g of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dedy Suhendra
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Mataram
| | - Ipan Hidayat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Mataram
| | - Lely Kurniawati
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Mataram
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Guan HY, Su P, Zhao YJ, Zhang XN, Dai ZB, Guo J, Tong YR, Liu YJ, Hu TY, Yin Y, Gao LH, Gao W, Huang LQ. Cloning and functional analysis of two sterol-C24-methyltransferase 1 (SMT1) genes from Paris polyphylla. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:595-604. [PMID: 28276759 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1271791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathways of phytosterols and steroidal saponins are located in two adjacent branches which share cycloartenol as substrate. The rate-limiting enzyme S-adenosyl-L-methionine-sterol-C24-methyltransferase 1 (SMT1) facilitates the metabolic flux toward phytosterols. It catalyzes the methylation of the cycloartenol in the side chain of the C24-alkyl group, to generate 24(28)-methylene cycloartenol. In this study, we obtained two full-length sequences of SMT1 genes from Pari polyphylla, designated PpSMT1-1 and PpSMT1-2. The full-length cDNA of PpSMT1-1 was 1369 bp long with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1038 bp, while the PpSMT1-2 had a length of 1222 bp, with a 1005 bp ORF. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that the two cloned SMTs belong to the SMT1 family. The predicted function was further validated by performing in vitro enzymatic reactions, and the results showed that PpSMT1-1 encodes a cycloartenol-C24-methyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of cycloartenol to 24-methylene cycloartenol, whereas PpSMT1-2 lacked this catalytic activity. The tissue expression patterns of the two SMTs revealed differential expression in different organs of Paris polyphylla plants of different developmental stage and age. These results lay the foundation for detailed genetic studies of the biosynthetic pathways of steroid compounds, which constitute the main class of active substances found in P. polyphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Guan
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Ping Su
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Xia-Nan Zhang
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Zhu-Bo Dai
- c Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Juan Guo
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
| | - Yu-Ru Tong
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Tian-Yuan Hu
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Yan Yin
- d School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Lin-Hui Gao
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Wei Gao
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- b Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing 100700 , China
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Khairudin N, Basri M, Fard Masoumi HR, Samson S, Ashari SE. Enhancing the Bioconversion of Azelaic Acid to Its Derivatives by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020397. [PMID: 29438284 PMCID: PMC6017671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Azelaic acid (AzA) and its derivatives have been known to be effective in the treatment of acne and various cutaneous hyperpigmentary disorders. The esterification of azelaic acid with lauryl alcohol (LA) to produce dilaurylazelate using immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) is reported. Response surface methodology was selected to optimize the reaction conditions. A well-fitting quadratic polynomial regression model for the acid conversion was established with regards to several parameters, including reaction time and temperature, enzyme amount, and substrate molar ratios. The regression equation obtained by the central composite design of RSM predicted that the optimal reaction conditions included a reaction time of 360 min, 0.14 g of enzyme, a reaction temperature of 46 °C, and a molar ratio of substrates of 1:4.1. The results from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data and were within the experimental range (R2 of 0.9732).The inhibition zone can be seen at dilaurylazelate ester with diameter 9.0±0.1 mm activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis S273. The normal fibroblasts cell line (3T3) was used to assess the cytotoxicity activity of AzA and AzA derivative, which is dilaurylazelate ester. The comparison of the IC50 (50% inhibition of cell viability) value for AzA and AzA derivative was demonstrated. The IC50 value for AzA was 85.28 μg/mL, whereas the IC50 value for AzA derivative was more than 100 μg/mL. The 3T3 cell was still able to survive without any sign of toxicity from the AzA derivative; thus, it was proven to be non-toxic in this MTT assay when compared with AzA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshafira Khairudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mahiran Basri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hamid Reza Fard Masoumi
- Department of Biomaterials, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14977-13115, Iran.
| | - Shazwani Samson
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Efliza Ashari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Han W, He H, Zhang L, Dong C, Zeng H, Dai Y, Xing L, Zhang Y, Xue X. A Self-Powered Wearable Noninvasive Electronic-Skin for Perspiration Analysis Based on Piezo-Biosensing Unit Matrix of Enzyme/ZnO Nanoarrays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:29526-29537. [PMID: 28782353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The emerging multifunctional flexible electronic-skin for establishing body-electric interaction can enable real-time monitoring of personal health status as a new personalized medicine technique. A key difficulty in the device design is the flexible power supply. Here a self-powered wearable noninvasive electronic-skin for perspiration analysis has been realized on the basis of a piezo-biosensing unit matrix of enzyme/ZnO nanoarrays. The electronic-skin can detect lactate, glucose, uric acid, and urea in the perspiration, and no outside electrical power supply or battery is used in the biosensing process. The piezoelectric impulse of the piezo-biosensing units serves as the power supply and the data biosensor. The working mechanism can be ascribed to the piezoelectric-enzymatic-reaction coupling effect of enzyme/ZnO nanowires. The electronic-skin can real-time/continuously monitor the physiological state of a runner through analyzing the perspiration on his skin. This approach can promote the development of a new-type of body electric and self-powered biosensing electronic-skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiao Han
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Haoxuan He
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chuanyi Dong
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yitong Dai
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lili Xing
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xinyu Xue
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University , Shenyang 110004, China
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Abstract
During the last decade, we have revealed biosynthetic pathways responsible for the formation of important and chemically complex natural products isolated from various organisms through genetic manipulation. Detailed in vivo and in vitro characterizations enabled elucidation of unexpected mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This personal account focuses on our recent efforts in identifying the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of spirotryprostatin, aspoquinolone, Sch 210972, pyranonigrin, fumagillin and pseurotin. We exploit heterologous reconstitution of biosynthetic pathways of interest in our study. In particular, extensive involvement of oxidation reactions is discussed. Heterologous hosts employed here are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans and A. niger that can also be used to prepare biosynthetic intermediates and product analogs by engineering the biosynthetic pathways using the knowledge obtained by detailed characterizations of the enzymes. (998 char.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
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Kawaguchi M, Ikegawa S, Ieda N, Nakagawa H. A Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Sirtuin Activity in Living Cells, Based on One-Step Cleavage of the Dabcyl Quencher. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1961-1967. [PMID: 27542094 PMCID: PMC5095863 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases. In mammals, dysfunction of SIRTs is associated with age‐related metabolic diseases and cancers, so SIRT modulators are considered attractive therapeutic targets. However, current screening methodologies are problematic, and no tools for imaging endogenous SIRT activity in living cells have been available until now. In this work we present a series of simple and highly sensitive new SIRT activity probes. Fluorescence of these probes is activated by SIRT‐mediated hydrolytic release of a 4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoyl (Dabcyl)‐based FRET quencher moiety from the ϵ‐amino group of lysine in a nonapeptide derived from histone H3K9 and bearing a C‐terminal fluorophore. The probe SFP3 detected activities of SIRT1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐6, which exhibit deacylase activities towards long‐chain fatty acyl groups. We then truncated the molecular structure of SFP3 in order to improve both its stability to peptidases and its membrane permeability, and developed probe KST‐F, which showed specificity for SIRT1 over SIRT2 and SIRT3. We show that KST‐F can visualize endogenous SIRT1 activity in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shohei Ikegawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naoya Ieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Abstract
We report a switchable biochip strategy where enzymes were entrapped in conducting polymer layers and the enzymatic reaction of the entrapped enzymes was controlled in real-time via electrical stimuli on the polymer layers. This device is named here as a "bio-switch chip" (BSC). We fabricated BSC structures using polypyrrole (Ppy) with entrapped glucose oxidase (GOx) and demonstrated the switching of glucose oxidation reaction in real-time. We found that the introduction of a negative bias voltage on the BSC structure resulted in the enhanced glucose oxidation reaction by more than 20 times than that without a bias voltage. Moreover, because the BSC structures could be fabricated on specific regions, we could control the enzymatic reaction on specific regions. In view of the fact that enzymes enable very useful and versatile biochemical reactions, the ability to control the enzymatic reactions via conventional electrical signals could open up various applications in the area of biochips and other biochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Yeol Park
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Doowon Technical University College , Anseong 456-718, Korea
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Teixeira ARS, Flourat AL, Peru AAM, Brunissen F, Allais F. Lipase-Catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Cellulose-Derived Levoglucosenone into (S)-γ-Hydroxymethyl-α,β-Butenolide: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology. Front Chem 2016; 4:16. [PMID: 27148523 PMCID: PMC4835721 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose-derived levoglucosenone (LGO) has been efficiently converted into pure (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-α,β-butenolide (HBO), a chemical platform suited for the synthesis of drugs, flavors and antiviral agents. This process involves two-steps: a lipase-catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of LGO followed by an acid hydrolysis of the reaction mixture to provide pure HBO. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on central composite face-centered (CCF) design, was employed to evaluate the factors effecting the enzyme-catalyzed reaction: pka of solid buffer (7.2–9.6), LGO concentration (0.5–1 M) and enzyme loading (55–285 PLU.mmol-1). Enzyme loading and pka of solid buffer were found to be important factors to the reaction efficiency (as measured by the conversion of LGO) while only the later had significant effects on the enzyme recyclability (as measured by the enzyme residual activity). LGO concentration influences both responses by its interaction with the enzyme loading and pka of solid buffer. The optimal conditions which allow to convert at least 80% of LGO in 2 h at 40°C and reuse the enzyme for a subsequent cycle were found to be: solid buffer pka = 7.5, [LGO] = 0.50 M and 113 PLU.mmol-1 for the lipase. A good agreement between experimental and predicted values was obtained and the model validity confirmed (p < 0.05). Alternative optimal conditions were explored using Monte Carlo simulations for risk analysis, being estimated the experimental region where the LGO conversion higher than 80% is fulfilled at a specific risk of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia R S Teixeira
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles, AgroParisTechReims, France; UMR GENIAL, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayMassy, France
| | - Amandine L Flourat
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles, AgroParisTechReims, France; UMR 1318 IJPB, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayVersailles, France
| | - Aurelien A M Peru
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles, AgroParisTechReims, France; UMR 1318 IJPB, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayVersailles, France
| | - Fanny Brunissen
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles, AgroParisTechReims, France; UMR 1318 IJPB, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayVersailles, France
| | - Florent Allais
- Chaire Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles, AgroParisTechReims, France; UMR 782 GMPA, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayThiverval-Grignon, France
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Kadokawa JI. Precision Synthesis of Functional Polysaccharide Materials by Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Enzymatic Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E138. [PMID: 30979227 PMCID: PMC6432375 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, the precise synthesis of functional polysaccharide materials using phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic reactions is presented. This particular enzymatic approach has been identified as a powerful tool in preparing well-defined polysaccharide materials. Phosphorylase is an enzyme that has been employed in the synthesis of pure amylose with a precisely controlled structure. Similarly, using a phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization, the chemoenzymatic synthesis of amylose-grafted heteropolysaccharides containing different main-chain polysaccharide structures (e.g., chitin/chitosan, cellulose, alginate, xanthan gum, and carboxymethyl cellulose) was achieved. Amylose-based block, star, and branched polymeric materials have also been prepared using this enzymatic polymerization. Since phosphorylase shows a loose specificity for the recognition of substrates, different sugar residues have been introduced to the non-reducing ends of maltooligosaccharides by phosphorylase-catalyzed glycosylations using analog substrates such as α-d-glucuronic acid and α-d-glucosamine 1-phosphates. By means of such reactions, an amphoteric glycogen and its corresponding hydrogel were successfully prepared. Thermostable phosphorylase was able to tolerate a greater variance in the substrate structures with respect to recognition than potato phosphorylase, and as a result, the enzymatic polymerization of α-d-glucosamine 1-phosphate to produce a chitosan stereoisomer was carried out using this enzyme catalyst, which was then subsequently converted to the chitin stereoisomer by N-acetylation. Amylose supramolecular inclusion complexes with polymeric guests were obtained when the phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization was conducted in the presence of the guest polymers. Since the structure of this polymeric system is similar to the way that a plant vine twines around a rod, this polymerization system has been named "vine-twining polymerization". Through this approach, amylose supramolecular network materials were fabricated using designed graft copolymers. Furthermore, supramolecular inclusion polymers were formed by vine-twining polymerization using primer⁻guest conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kadokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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Abstract
Structured lipids (SLs) are lipids that have been chemically or enzymatically modified from their natural biosynthetic form. Because SLs are made to possess desired nutritional, physicochemical, or textural properties for various applications in the food industry, many research activities have been aimed at their commercialization. The production of SLs by enzymatic procedures has a great potential in the future market because of the specificity of lipases and phospholipases used as the biocatalysts. The aim of this review is to provide concise information on the recent research trends on the enzymatic synthesis of SLs of commercial interest, such as medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols, human milk fat substitutes, cocoa butter equivalents, trans-free or low-trans plastic fats (such as margarines and shortenings), low-calorie fats/oils, health-beneficial fatty acid-rich fats/oils, mono- or diacylglycerols, and structurally modified phospholipids. This limited review covers 108 research articles published between 2010 and 2014 which were searched in Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hee Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang Univ, Anseong, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Casimir C Akoh
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Univ. of Georgia, Food Science Building, Athens, GA, 30602-2610, U.S.A
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Azeman NH, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Yunus R, Hamidon MN, Hajian R. Study on the spectrophotometric detection of free fatty acids in palm oil utilizing enzymatic reactions. Molecules 2015; 20:12328-40. [PMID: 26198220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a comprehensive study has been made on the detection of free fatty acids (FFAs) in palm oil via an optical technique based on enzymatic aminolysis reactions. FFAs in crude palm oil (CPO) were converted into fatty hydroxamic acids (FHAs) in a biphasic lipid/aqueous medium in the presence of immobilized lipase. The colored compound formed after complexation between FHA and vanadium (V) ion solution was proportional to the FFA content in the CPO samples and was analyzed using a spectrophotometric method. In order to develop a rapid detection system, the parameters involved in the aminolysis process were studied. The utilization of immobilized lipase as catalyst during the aminolysis process offers simplicity in the product isolation and the possibility of conducting the process under extreme reaction conditions. A good agreement was found between the developed method using immobilized Thermomyces lanuginose lipase as catalyst for the aminolysis process and the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) standard titration method (R2 = 0.9453).
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Houghton JL, Biswas T, Chen W, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Chemical and structural insights into the regioversatility of the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase Eis. Chembiochem 2013; 14:2127-35. [PMID: 24106131 PMCID: PMC3947475 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A recently discovered cause of tuberculosis resistance to a drug of last resort, the aminoglycoside kanamycin, results from modification of this drug by the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein. Eis is a structurally and functionally unique acetyltransferase with an unusual capability of acetylating aminoglycosides at multiple positions. The extent of this regioversatility and its defining protein features are unclear. Herein, we determined the positions and order of acetylation of five aminoglycosides by NMR spectroscopy. This analysis revealed unprecedented acetylation of the 3''-amine of kanamycin, amikacin, and tobramycin, and the γ-amine of the 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group of amikacin. A crystal structure of Eis in complex with coenzyme A and tobramycin revealed how tobramycin can be accommodated in the Eis active site in two binding modes, consistent with its diacetylation. These studies, describing chemical and structural details of acetylation, will guide future efforts towards designing aminoglycosides and Eis inhibitors to overcome resistance in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Houghton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tapan Biswas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Chemical Biology Doctoral Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Oleg V. Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596
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Xie Y, Ahmed D, Lapsley MI, Lin SCS, Nawaz AA, Wang L, Huang TJ. Single-shot characterization of enzymatic reaction constants Km and kcat by an acoustic-driven, bubble-based fast micromixer. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7495-501. [PMID: 22880882 PMCID: PMC3991781 DOI: 10.1021/ac301590y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present an acoustofluidic approach for rapid, single-shot characterization of enzymatic reaction constants K(m) and k(cat). The acoustofluidic design involves a bubble anchored in a horseshoe structure which can be stimulated by a piezoelectric transducer to generate vortices in the fluid. The enzyme and substrate can thus be mixed rapidly, within 100 ms, by the vortices to yield the product. Enzymatic reaction constants K(m) and k(cat) can then be obtained from the reaction rate curves for different concentrations of substrate while holding the enzyme concentration constant. We studied the enzymatic reaction for β-galactosidase and its substrate (resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside) and found K(m) and k(cat) to be 333 ± 130 μM and 64 ± 8 s(-1), respectively, which are in agreement with published data. Our approach is valuable for studying the kinetics of high-speed enzymatic reactions and other chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michael Ian Lapsley
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sz-Chin Steven Lin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies Inc, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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48
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Amaral P, Garcia D, Cardoso M, Mendes M, Coelho MA, Pessoa F. Enzymatic reactions in near critical CO₂: The effect of pressure on phenol removal by tyrosinase. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5217-5223. [PMID: 20054468 PMCID: PMC2801991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of enzymes in supercritical CO(2) (SCCO(2)) has received extensive attention in recent years. Biocatalysts have the advantage of substrate specificity and SCCO(2) offers several advantages over liquid solvents. This work deals with the utilization of SCCO(2) as a medium for the enzymatic removal of phenol from aqueous solutions using tyrosinase. Since the presence of oxygen is crucial for the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation, the substantial solvating power of SCCO(2) makes it a promising medium for such reactions. The conversion of phenol was higher at 10 MPa. Under near critical conditions (7 MPa, 35 degrees C), the addition of air at 5 x 10(5) Pa of pressure improved phenol removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Amaral
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bl. E, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails:
(P.A.);
(D.G.);
(M.C.)
| | - Daniela Garcia
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bl. E, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails:
(P.A.);
(D.G.);
(M.C.)
| | - Miguel Cardoso
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mail:
(M.C.)
| | - Marisa Mendes
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil; E-Mail:
(M.M.)
| | - Maria Alice Coelho
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bl. E, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails:
(P.A.);
(D.G.);
(M.C.)
| | - Fernando Pessoa
- School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CT, Bl. E, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; E-Mails:
(P.A.);
(D.G.);
(M.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +55-21-2562-7603; Fax: +55-21-2562-7425
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