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Park M, Schmidt C, Türck S, Hanusch F, Hirmer SV, Ott I, Casini A, Inoue S. Potent Anticancer Activity of a Dinuclear Gold(I) bis-N-Heterocyclic Imine Complex Related to Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibition in Vitro. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300557. [PMID: 37937471 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A dinuclear gold(I) complex featuring a strongly donating bis-N-heterocyclic imine ligand was synthesised and characterised by different methods, including single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis. The compound has been tested for its antiproliferative effects in a panel of human cancer cell lines in vitro, showing highly selective anticancer effects, particularly against human A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC), with respect to non-tumorigenic cells (VERO). The accumulation of the compound in A549 and VERO cells was studied by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HRCS-AAS), revealing that the anticancer effects are not particularly related to the different amounts of gold taken up by the cells over 72 h. Enzyme inhibition studies to evaluate the activity of the seleno-enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in cancer cell extracts show that the gold(I) compound is a potent inhibitor (IC50=0.567±0.208 μM), while the free ligand is ineffective. This result correlates with the observed compound's selectivity towards A549 cells overexpressing the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Sebastian Türck
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Simone V Hirmer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
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Shcholok T, Eftekharpour E. Insights into the Multifaceted Roles of Thioredoxin-1 System: Exploring Knockout Murine Models. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:180. [PMID: 38534450 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Redox balance is increasingly identified as a major player in cellular signaling. A fundamentally simple reaction of oxidation and reduction of cysteine residues in cellular proteins is the central concept in this complex regulatory mode of protein function. Oxidation of key cysteine residues occurs at the physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but they are reduced by a supply of thiol antioxidant molecules including glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin. While these molecules show complex compensatory roles in experimental conditions, transgenic animal models provide a comprehensive picture to pinpoint the role of each antioxidant. In this review, we have specifically focused on the available literature on thioredoxin-1 system transgenic models that include thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase proteins. As the identification of thioredoxin protein targets is technically challenging, the true contribution of this system in maintaining cellular balance remains unidentified, including the role of this system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Shcholok
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 631-BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 631-BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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Qin H, Guo C, Chen B, Huang H, Tian Y, Zhong L. The C-terminal selenenylsulfide of extracellular/non-reduced thioredoxin reductase endows this protein with selectivity to small-molecule electrophilic reagents under oxidative conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1274850. [PMID: 38523661 PMCID: PMC10957665 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1274850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) serves as an antioxidant protein by transferring electrons from NADPH to various substrates. The action of TrxR1 is achieved via reversible changes between NADPH-reduced and non-reduced forms, which involves C-terminal selenolthiol/selenenylsulfide exchanges. TrxR1 may be released into extracellular environment, where TrxR1 is present mainly in the non-reduced form with active-site disulfide and selenenylsulfide bonds. The relationships between extracellular TrxR1 and tumor metastasis or cellular signaling have been discovered, but there are few reports on small-molecule compounds in targeted the non-reduced form of TrxR1. Using eight types of small-molecule thiol-reactive reagents as electrophilic models, we report that the selenenylsulfide bond in the non-reduced form of TrxR1 functions as a selector for the thiol-reactive reagents at pH 7.5. The non-reduced form of TrxR1 is resistant to hydrogen peroxide/oxidized glutathione, but is sensitive to certain electrophilic reagents in different ways. With 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the polarized selenenylsulfide bond breaks, and selenolate anion donates electron to the dynamic covalent bond in DTNB or GSNO, forming TNB-S-Se-TrxR1 complex or ON-Se-TrxR1 complex. The both complexes lose the ability to transfer electrons from NADPH to substrate. For diamide, the non-reduced TrxR1 actually prevents irreversible damage by this oxidant. This is consistent with the regained activity of TrxR1 through removal of diamide via dialysis. Diamide shows effective in the presence of human cytosolic thioredoxin (hTrx1), Cys residue(s) of which is/are preferentially affected by diamide to yield disulfide, hTrx1 dimer and the mixed disulfide between TrxR1-Cys497/Sec498 and hTrx1-Cys73. In human serum samples, the non-reduced form of TrxR1 exists as dithiothreitol-reducible polymer/complexes, which might protect the non-reduced TrxR1 from inactivation by certain electrophilic reagents under oxidative conditions, because cleavage of these disulfides can lead to regain the activity of TrxR1. The details of the selective response of the selenenylsulfide bond to electrophilic reagents may provide new information for designing novel small-molecule inhibitors (drugs) in targeted extracellular/non-reduced TrxR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Qin
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bozhen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Chinese PLA General Hospital (301 Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Liangwei Zhong
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Patwardhan RS, Gohil D, Singh B, Kumar BK, Purohit V, Thoh M, Checker R, Gardi N, Gota V, Kutala VK, Patwardhan S, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Mitochondrial-targeted curcumin inhibits T-cell activation via Nrf2 and inhibits graft-versus-host-disease in a mouse model. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1555-1573. [PMID: 38281735 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents are required to moderate hyper-activation of lymphocytes under disease conditions or organ transplantation. However, selective disruption of mitochondrial redox has not been evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for suppression of T-cell-mediated pathologies. Using mitochondrial targeted curcumin (MitoC), we studied the effect of mitochondrial redox modulation on T-cell responses by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and the role of Nrf2 was studied using Nrf2- /- mice. MitoC decreased mitochondrial TrxR activity, enhanced mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production, depleted mitochondrial glutathione, and suppressed activation-induced increase in mitochondrial biomass. This led to suppression of T-cell responses and metabolic reprogramming towards Treg differentiation. MitoC induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of Nrf2, leading to upregulation of Nrf2-dependent genes and proteins. MitoC-mediated changes in mitochondrial redox and modulation of T-cell responses are abolished in Nrf2- /- mice. Restoration of mitochondrial thiols abrogated inhibition of T-cell responses. MitoC suppressed alloantigen-induced lymphoblast formation, inflammatory cytokines, morbidity, and mortality in acute graft-versus-host disease mice. Disruption of mitochondrial thiols but not mROS increase inculcates an Nrf2-dependent immune-suppressive disposition in T cells for the propitious treatment of graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dievya Gohil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Binita K Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vaitashi Purohit
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Maikho Thoh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Kutala
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Patwardhan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Kinoshita H, Kinoshita S, Kamoda H, Hagiwara Y, Ohtori S, Yonemoto T. Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor Suppresses the Local Progression of Rhabdomyosarcoma With PDX Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:178-185. [PMID: 38423598 PMCID: PMC10905273 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Chemoresistance in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is associated with poor survival, necessitating the development of novel anticancer drugs. Auranofin (AUR), an anti-rheumatic drug, is a thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) inhibitor with anticancer properties. Although patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are essential for studying cancer biology, reports on sarcomas using the PDX model are scarce because of their rarity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of AUR treatment in RMS using a PDX model to evaluate its impact on local progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 20-year-old woman who was diagnosed with alveolar RMS was used to generate the PDX model. RMS PDX tumors were implanted in nude mice and divided into non-treated (vehicle) and treated (AUR) groups. Tumor volume and weight were evaluated, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate local progression of the sarcoma. The relationship between the TXNRD-1 expression and survival probability of patients with RMS was evaluated using publicly available expression cohorts. RESULTS AUR significantly suppressed RMS tumor progression over time. It also significantly suppressed the tumor size and weight at the time of excision. Histological evaluation showed that AUR induced oxidative stress in the PDX mouse models and inhibited the local progression of RMS by inducing apoptosis. High TXNRD-1 expression was found to be a negative prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with RMS. CONCLUSION AUR-induced inhibition of TXNRDs can significantly impede the local progression of RMS through the oxidative stress-apoptosis pathway as demonstrated in PDX models. Thus, targeting TXNRD inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiko Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kamoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yonemoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
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Kinoshita H, Kinoshita S, Kamoda H, Hagiwara Y, Ohtori S, Yonemoto T. Combined Auranofin and Celecoxib Suppresses the Local Progression and Pulmonary Metastases of Osteosarcoma In Vivo. Anticancer Res 2024; 44:1045-1049. [PMID: 38423669 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant tumor with a poor survival rate. Our previous study reported that auranofin (AUR), a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, suppresses OS pulmonary metastases; however, the local progression of OS is not affected, in vivo. Nonetheless, the development of augmentation therapy with AUR to inhibit OS local progression remains challenging. Celecoxib (CE), an anti-inflammatory drug, potently enhances the therapeutic activity of AUR against colon cancer. Consequently, this study investigated the combined effects of AUR and CE on OS local progression and pulmonary metastases, in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS C3H/HeSlc mice were implanted with the murine OS cell line, LM8. The mice were treated either with a vehicle control, AUR, or combination of AUR and CE (AUR-CE). The primary tumor size and weight were evaluated for the study duration and at resection, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and Ki-67 staining were performed to evaluate OS local progression and pulmonary metastases. RESULTS Mice in the AUR-CE group showed statistically significantly suppressed tumor sizes and weights at the time of excision compared with those in the vehicle. The mice in the AUR group did not show a statistically significant effect. Histopathological analysis of the primary tumor revealed a statistically significant decrease of the Ki-67-positive cells in the AUR-CE group compared with the vehicle group. Histopathological and quantitative analyses demonstrated that the AUR and AUR-CE groups had statistically significant reductions in the development of OS pulmonary metastases compared with the vehicle group. CONCLUSION The combination of AUR and CE significantly inhibited OS local progression and pulmonary metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiko Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kamoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yonemoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
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Gu M, Yu Z, Wu X, Sun Y, Hu J, Dong Y, Wang GL. Thioredoxin Reductase-Mediated Reaction Evokes In Situ Surface Polarization Effect on BiOIO 3: Toward a New Sensing Strategy for Cathodic Photoelectrochemistry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:8518-8526. [PMID: 38335724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We have witnessed the fast progress of cathodic photoelectrochemistry over the past decades, though its signal transduction tactic still lacks diversity. Exploring new sensing strategies for cathodic photoelectrochemistry is extremely demanding yet hugely challenging. This article puts forward a unique idea to incorporate an enzymatic reaction-invoked surface polarization effect (SPE) on the surface of BiOIO3 to implement an innovative cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis. Specifically, the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR)-mediated reaction produced the polar glutathione (GSH), which spontaneously coordinated to the surface of BiOIO3 and induced SPE by forming a polarized electric field, resulting in improved electron (e-) and hole (h+) pair separation efficiency and an enhanced photocurrent output. Correlating this phenomenon with the detection of TrxR exhibited a high performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, achieving a linear range of 0.007-0.5 μM and a low detection limit of 2.0 nM (S/N = 3). This study brings refreshing inspiration for the cathodic PEC signal transduction tactic through enzyme-mediated in situ reaction to introduce SPE, which enriches the diversity of available signaling molecules. Moreover, this study unveils the potential of in situ generated SPE for extended and futuristic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhangcong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiangwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guang-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Caglayan C, Temel Y, Türkeş C, Ayna A, Ece A, Beydemir Ş. The effects of morin and methotrexate on pentose phosphate pathway enzymes and GR/GST/TrxR enzyme activities: An in vivo and in silico study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300497. [PMID: 37972283 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanisms by which the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are inhibited by methotrexate (MTX) were investigated, as well as whether the antioxidant morin can mitigate or prevent these adverse effects in vivo and in silico. For 10 days, rats received oral doses of morin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight). On the fifth day, a single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (20 mg/kg body weight) was administered to generate toxicity. Decreased activities of G6PD, 6PGD, GR, GST, and TrxR were associated with MTX-related toxicity while morin treatment increased the activity of the enzymes. The docking analysis indicated that H-bonds, pi-pi stacking, and pi-cation interactions were the dominant interactions in these enzyme-binding pockets. Furthermore, the docked poses of morin and MTX against GST were subjected to molecular dynamic simulations for 200 ns, to assess the stability of both complexes and also to predict key amino acid residues in the binding pockets throughout the simulation. The results of this study suggest that morin may be a viable means of alleviating the enzyme activities of important regulatory enzymes against MTX-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Temel
- Department of Solhan School of Health Services, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Adnan Ayna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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Qaiser H, Uzair M, Al-Regaiey K, Rafiq S, Arshad M, Yoo WK, Arain OZ, Kaleem I, Abualait T, Wang L, Wang R, Bashir S. Role of Thioredoxin System in Regulating Cellular Redox Status in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S97-S108. [PMID: 37545242 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and a public health problem. It exhibits significant oxidative stress and redox alterations. The antioxidant enzyme systems defend the cellular environment from oxidative stress. One of the redox systems is the thioredoxin system (TS), which exerts decisive control over the cellular redox environment. We aimed to review the protective effects of TS, which include thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH. In the following, we discussed the physiological functioning and the role of the TS in maintaining the cellular redox-homeostasis in the AD-damaged brain. Trx protects the cellular environment from oxidative stress, while TrxR is crucial for the cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the brain. However, TS dysregulation increases the susceptibility to cellular death. The changes in Trx and TrxR levels are significantly associated with AD progression. Though the data from human, animal, and cellular models support the neuroprotective role of TS in the brain of AD patients, the translational potential of these findings to clinical settings is not yet applied. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the emerging role of the TrxR-Trx system in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafia Rafiq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Osama Zahid Arain
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Turki Abualait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Sen A, Dewaker V, Debnath U, Jana K, Rath J, Joardar N, Sinha Babu SP. In silico exploration and in vitro validation of the filarial thioredoxin reductase inhibitory activity of Scytonemin and its derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37990568 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by the vector borne parasitic nematode Wuchereria bancrofti is of major concern of the World Health Organization (WHO). Lack of potential drug candidates worsens the situation. Presently available drugs are promising in killing the microfilaria (mf) but are not effective as adulticidal therapeutics. Previous studies have revealed that routine administration of the available drugs (albendazole, ivermectin and albendazole) sometime is associated with severe adverse effects (SAEs) in co-infection state. Therefore, potential and safe therapeutics are still required. Earlier studies on filarial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) have shown that successful inhibition of it can lead to apoptotic death of the parasites. TrxR in filarial parasites plays a significant role in disease progression and pathogenesis, hence efficient non-reversible inhibition of TrxR can be a good strategy to treat LF. In this research, inhibitory potential of Scytonemin, a cyanobacterial metabolite on filarial TrxR was evaluated via different in silico methods and validated through in vitro experiments. Parasite death upon exposure to Scytonemin can be correlated with the TrxR inhibiting capacity of the compound. Therefore, this cyanobacterial-derived compound may possibly be used further as novel and safe therapeutic candidate against filarial infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Sen
- Department of Botany, Applied Phycology Laboratory, Siksha-Bhavana, Santiniketan, India
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, Gangtok, India
| | - Varun Dewaker
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Utsab Debnath
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Unified Academic Campus, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Jnanendra Rath
- Department of Botany, Applied Phycology Laboratory, Siksha-Bhavana, Santiniketan, India
| | - Nikhilesh Joardar
- Department of Zoology, Parasitology Laboratory, Siksha-Bhavana, Santiniketan, India
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Santi P Sinha Babu
- Department of Zoology, Parasitology Laboratory, Siksha-Bhavana, Santiniketan, India
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11
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Yang G, Wijma HJ, Rozeboom HJ, Mascotti ML, Fraaije MW. Identification and characterization of archaeal and bacterial F 420 -dependent thioredoxin reductases. FEBS J 2023; 290:4777-4791. [PMID: 37403630 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin pathway is an antioxidant system present in most organisms. Electrons flow from a thioredoxin reductase to thioredoxin at the expense of a specific electron donor. Most known thioredoxin reductases rely on NADPH as a reducing cofactor. Yet, in 2016, a new type of thioredoxin reductase was discovered in Archaea which utilize instead a reduced deazaflavin cofactor (F420 H2 ). For this reason, the respective enzyme was named deazaflavin-dependent flavin-containing thioredoxin reductase (DFTR). To have a broader understanding of the biochemistry of DFTRs, we identified and characterized two other archaeal representatives. A detailed kinetic study, which included pre-steady state kinetic analyses, revealed that these two DFTRs are highly specific for F420 H2 while displaying marginal activity with NADPH. Nevertheless, they share mechanistic features with the canonical thioredoxin reductases that are dependent on NADPH (NTRs). A detailed structural analysis led to the identification of two key residues that tune cofactor specificity of DFTRs. This allowed us to propose a DFTR-specific sequence motif that enabled for the first time the identification and experimental characterization of a bacterial DFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J Wijma
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria Laura Mascotti
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Liu M, Sun S, Meng Y, Wang L, Liu H, Shi W, Zhang Q, Xu W, Sun B, Xu J. Benzophenanthridine Alkaloid Chelerythrine Elicits Necroptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells via Selective Conjugation at the Redox Hyperreactive C-Terminal Sec 498 Residue of Cytosolic Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase. Molecules 2023; 28:6842. [PMID: 37836684 PMCID: PMC10574601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) with low-weight molecules is emerging as a high-efficacy anti-cancer strategy in chemotherapy. Sanguinarine has been reported to inhibit the activity of TXNRD1, indicating that benzophenanthridine alkaloid is a fascinating chemical entity in the field of TXNRD1 inhibitors. In this study, the inhibition of three benzophenanthridine alkaloids, including chelerythrine, sanguinarine, and nitidine, on recombinant TXNRD1 was investigated, and their anti-cancer mechanisms were revealed using three gastric cancer cell lines. Chelerythrine and sanguinarine are more potent inhibitors of TXNRD1 than nitidine, and the inhibitory effects take place in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis of TXNRD1 and in vitro inhibition analysis proved that chelerythrine or sanguinarine is primarily bound to the Sec498 residue of the enzyme, but the neighboring Cys497 and remaining N-terminal redox-active cysteines could also be modified after the conjugation of Sec498. With high similarity to sanguinarine, chelerythrine exhibited cytotoxic effects on multiple gastric cancer cell lines and suppressed the proliferation of tumor spheroids derived from NCI-N87 cells. Chelerythrine elevated cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, the ROS induced by chelerythrine could be completely suppressed by the addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and the same is true for sanguinarine. Notably, Nec-1, an RIPK1 inhibitor, rescued the chelerythrine-induced rapid cell death, indicating that chelerythrine triggers necroptosis in gastric cancer cells. Taken together, this study demonstrates that chelerythrine is a novel inhibitor of TXNRD1 by targeting Sec498 and possessing high anti-tumor properties on multiple gastric cancer cell lines by eliciting necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Wuyang Shi
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology (OST), Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering (CE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
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13
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Al-Kharashi LA, Al-Harbi NO, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Algahtani MM, Ibrahim KE, Bakheet SA, Alanazi MM, Alqarni SA, Alsanea S, Nadeem A. Auranofin Modulates Thioredoxin Reductase/Nrf2 Signaling in Peripheral Immune Cells and the CNS in a Mouse Model of Relapsing-Remitting EAE. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2502. [PMID: 37760943 PMCID: PMC10526216 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. It causes the demyelination of neurons and the subsequent degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). The infiltration of leukocytes of both myeloid and lymphoid origins from the systemic circulation into the CNS triggers autoimmune reactions through the release of multiple mediators. These mediators include oxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines which ultimately cause the characteristic plaques observed in MS. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation by modulating the transcription of antioxidants and the suppression of inflammatory cytokines. The gold compound auranofin (AFN) is known to activate Nrf2 through the inhibition of TrxR; however, the effects of this compound have not been explored in a mouse model of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Therefore, this study explored the influence of AFN on clinical features, TrxR/Nrf2 signaling [heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1)] and oxidative/inflammatory mediators [IL-6, IL-17A, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrotyrosine] in peripheral immune cells and the CNS of mice with the RR type of EAE. Our results showed an increase in TrxR activity and a decrease in Nrf2 signaling in SJL/J mice with RR-EAE. The treatment with AFN caused the amelioration of the clinical features of RR-EAE through the elevation of Nrf2 signaling and the subsequent upregulation of the levels of antioxidants as well as the downregulation of oxidative/pro-inflammatory mediators in peripheral immune cells and the CNS. These data suggest that AFN may be beneficial in the treatment of RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla A. Al-Kharashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O. Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Algahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Werner AD, Schauflinger M, Norris MJ, Klüver M, Trodler A, Herwig A, Brandstädter C, Dillenberger M, Klebe G, Heine A, Saphire EO, Becker K, Becker S. The C-terminus of Sudan ebolavirus VP40 contains a functionally important CX nC motif, a target for redox modifications. Structure 2023; 31:1038-1051.e7. [PMID: 37392738 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 mediates viral budding and negatively regulates viral RNA synthesis. The mechanisms by which these two functions are exerted and regulated are unknown. Using a high-resolution crystal structure of Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) VP40, we show here that two cysteines in the flexible C-terminal arm of VP40 form a stabilizing disulfide bridge. Notably, the two cysteines are targets of posttranslational redox modifications and interact directly with the host`s thioredoxin system. Mutation of the cysteines impaired the budding function of VP40 and relaxed its inhibitory role for viral RNA synthesis. In line with these results, the growth of recombinant Ebola viruses carrying cysteine mutations was impaired and the released viral particles were elongated. Our results revealed the exact positions of the cysteines in the C-terminal arm of SUDV VP40. The cysteines and/or their redox status are critically involved in the differential regulation of viral budding and viral RNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J Norris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Klüver
- Institute for Virology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Trodler
- Institute for Virology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Herwig
- Institute for Virology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Brandstädter
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melissa Dillenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute for Virology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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15
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Salmain M, Gaschard M, Baroud M, Lepeltier E, Jaouen G, Passirani C, Vessières A. Thioredoxin Reductase and Organometallic Complexes: A Pivotal System to Tackle Multidrug Resistant Tumors? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 37760418 PMCID: PMC10526406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) are a family of diseases with poor prognosis despite access to increasingly sophisticated treatments. Several mechanisms explain these resistances involving both tumor cells and their microenvironment. It is now recognized that a multi-targeting approach offers a promising strategy to treat these MDR tumors. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), a key enzyme in maintaining redox balance in cells, is a well-identified target for this approach. Auranofin was the first inorganic gold complex to be described as a powerful inhibitor of TrxR. In this review, we will first recall the main results obtained with this metallodrug. Then, we will focus on organometallic complexes reported as TrxR inhibitors. These include gold(I), gold(III) complexes and metallocifens, i.e., organometallic complexes of Fe and Os derived from tamoxifen. In these families of complexes, similarities and differences in the molecular mechanisms of TrxR inhibition will be highlighted. Finally, the possible relationship between TrxR inhibition and cytotoxicity will be discussed and put into perspective with their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Marie Gaschard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Milad Baroud
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), University of Angers, Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Anne Vessières
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.J.); (A.V.)
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16
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Füsser FT, Wollenhaupt J, Weiss MS, Kümmel D, Koch O. Novel starting points for fragment-based drug design against mycobacterial thioredoxin reductase identified using crystallographic fragment screening. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2023; 79:857-865. [PMID: 37574972 PMCID: PMC10478635 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323005223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of people dying from tuberculosis and the existence of extensively drug-resistant strains has led to an urgent need for new antituberculotic drugs with alternative modes of action. As part of the thioredoxin system, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is essential for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and shows substantial differences from human TrxR, making it a promising and most likely selective target. As a model organism for Mtb, crystals of Mycobacterium smegmatis TrxR that diffracted to high resolution were used in crystallographic fragment screening to discover binding fragments and new binding sites. The application of the 96 structurally diverse fragments from the F2X-Entry Screen revealed 56 new starting points for fragment-based drug design of new TrxR inhibitors. Over 200 crystal structures were analyzed using FragMAXapp, which includes processing and refinement by largely automated software pipelines and hit identification via the multi-data-set analysis approach PanDDA. The fragments are bound to 11 binding sites, of which four are positioned at binding pockets or important interaction sites and therefore show high potential for possible inhibition of TrxR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike T. Füsser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Münster University, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research, Münster University, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Münster University, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Wollenhaupt
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred S. Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Kümmel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Münster University, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Münster University, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research, Münster University, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
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17
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Song Z, Fan C, Zhao J, Wang L, Duan D, Shen T, Li X. Fluorescent Probes for Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase: Mechanistic Analysis, Construction Strategies, and Future Perspectives. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:811. [PMID: 37622897 PMCID: PMC10452626 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of numerous signaling pathways is orchestrated by redox regulation of cellular environments. Maintaining dynamic redox homeostasis is of utmost importance for human health, given the common occurrence of altered redox status in various pathological conditions. The cardinal component of the thioredoxin system, mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plays a vital role in supporting various physiological functions; however, its malfunction, disrupting redox balance, is intimately associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Accordingly, the dynamic monitoring of TrxR of live organisms represents a powerful direction to facilitate the comprehensive understanding and exploration of the profound significance of redox biology in cellular processes. A number of classic assays have been developed for the determination of TrxR activity in biological samples, yet their application is constrained when exploring the real-time dynamics of TrxR activity in live organisms. Fluorescent probes offer several advantages for in situ imaging and the quantification of biological targets, such as non-destructiveness, real-time analysis, and high spatiotemporal resolution. These benefits facilitate the transition from a poise to a flux understanding of cellular targets, further advancing scientific studies in related fields. This review aims to introduce the progress in the development and application of TrxR fluorescent probes in the past years, and it mainly focuses on analyzing their reaction mechanisms, construction strategies, and potential drawbacks. Finally, this study discusses the critical challenges and issues encountered during the development of selective TrxR probes and proposes future directions for their advancement. We anticipate the comprehensive analysis of the present TrxR probes will offer some glitters of enlightenment, and we also expect that this review may shed light on the design and development of novel TrxR probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Song
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Chengwu Fan
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Jintao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China;
| | - Tong Shen
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.S.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Xinming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.)
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18
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Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė A, Misevičienė L, Marozienė A, Jonušienė V, Čėnas N. Enzymatic Redox Properties and Cytotoxicity of Irreversible Nitroaromatic Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitors in Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12460. [PMID: 37569833 PMCID: PMC10419047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH:thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is considered a potential target for anticancer agents. Several nitroheterocyclic sulfones, such as Stattic and Tri-1, irreversibly inhibit TrxR, which presumably accounts for their antitumor activity. However, it is necessary to distinguish the roles of enzymatic redox cycling, an inherent property of nitroaromatics (ArNO2), and the inhibition of TrxR in their cytotoxicity. In this study, we calculated the previously unavailable values of single-electron reduction potentials of known inhibitors of TrxR (Stattic, Tri-1, and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB)) and inhibitors identified (nitrofuran NSC697923 and nitrobenzene BTB06584). These calculations were according to the rates of their enzymatic single-electron reduction (PMID: 34098820). This enabled us to compare their cytotoxicity with that of model redox cycling ArNO2. In MH22a and HCT-116 cells, Tri-1, Stattic, CDNB, and NSC697023 possessed at least 10-fold greater cytotoxicity than can be expected from their redox cycling activity. This may be related to TrxR inhibition. The absence of enhanced cytotoxicity in BTB06548 may be attributed to its instability. Another known inhibitor of TrxR, tetryl, also did not possess enhanced cytotoxicity, probably because of its detoxification by DT-diaphorase (NQO1). Apart from the reactions with NQO1, the additional mechanisms influencing the cytotoxicity of the examined inhibitors of TrxR are their reactions with cytochromes P-450. Furthermore, some inhibitors, such as Stattic and NSC697923, may also inhibit glutathione reductase. We suggest that these data may be instrumental in the search for TrxR inhibitors with enhanced cytotoxic/anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė
- Department of Immunology of State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariškiu˛ St. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Lina Misevičienė
- Department of Xenobiotics Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Audronė Marozienė
- Department of Xenobiotics Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Violeta Jonušienė
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Narimantas Čėnas
- Department of Xenobiotics Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Sauletekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.M.); (A.M.)
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19
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Levaro-Loquio D, Serrano-Luna J, Velásquez-Torres M, Higuera-Martínez G, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Pérez-Vielma NM, Pacheco-Yépez J. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antiamoebic Activity of Kaempferol against Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and in the Interactions of Amoebae with Hamster Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11216. [PMID: 37446394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is a parasite in humans that provokes amoebiasis. The most employed drug is metronidazole (MTZ); however, some studies have reported that this drug induces genotoxic effects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new compounds without toxicity that can eliminate E. histolytica. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that have demonstrated inhibition of growth and dysregulation of amoebic proteins. Despite the knowledge acquired to date, action mechanisms are not completely understood. The present work evaluates the effect of kaempferol against E. histolytica trophozoites and in the interactions with neutrophils from hamster, which is a susceptibility model. Our study demonstrated a significant reduction in the amoebic viability of trophozoites incubated with kaempferol at 150 μM for 90 min. The gene expression analysis showed a significant downregulation of Pr (peroxiredoxin), Rr (rubrerythrin), and TrxR (thioredoxin reductase). In interactions with amoebae and neutrophils for short times, we observed a reduction in ROS (reactive oxygen species), NO (nitric oxide), and MPO (myeloperoxidase) neutrophil activities. In conclusion, we confirmed that kaempferol is an effective drug against E. histolytica through the decrease in E. histolytica antioxidant enzyme expression and a regulator of several neutrophil mechanisms, such as MPO activity and the regulation of ROS and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Levaro-Loquio
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Maritza Velásquez-Torres
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Germán Higuera-Martínez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, CICS, San Tomás, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Sección de Estudios de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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Lu Z, Gao Z, Song H, Zhou Y, Yuan W, Wang X, Zhang L, Hong Y, Meng Y, Hu J, Zheng G, Chang C. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Action Mechanism Study of New Mitochondria-Targeted Curcumin Derivative as Potential Antitumor Drugs. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300086. [PMID: 37294554 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important targets in cancer therapy due to their key role in regulating energy supply, maintaining redox homeostasis, and intrinsic apoptosis. Curcumin (CUR) has shown promise in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle. However, the clinical application of CUR has been limited by its low stability and poor tumor selectivity. To address these issues, the novel mitochondria-targeted curcumin derivatives were synthesized through the unilateral coupling (CUR-T) or bilateral coupling (CUR-2T) of curcumin's phenolic hydroxy groups with triphenyl phosphorus via ester bond. The aim was to achieve better stability, higher tumor selectivity, and stronger curative efficacy. The results of stability and biological experiments indicated that both stability and cytotoxicity were arranged in descending order of CUR-2T>CUR-T>CUR. In ovarian cancer cells (A2780 cells), CUR-2T showed well-defined preferential selectivity towards cancer cells and exhibited efficient anticancer efficacy due to its superior mitochondria accumulation ability. Subsequently, the mitochondrial redox balance was disrupted, accompanied by increased ROS levels, decreased ATP levels, dissipated MMP, and increased G0 /G1 phase arrest, leading to a higher apoptotic rate. In summary, the results of this study suggest that CUR-2T holds substantial promise for further development as a potential agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Haoying Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, P. R. China
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Luxi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Cong Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
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21
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Chaudière J. Biological and Catalytic Properties of Selenoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10109. [PMID: 37373256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine is a catalytic residue at the active site of all selenoenzymes in bacteria and mammals, and it is incorporated into the polypeptide backbone by a co-translational process that relies on the recoding of a UGA termination codon into a serine/selenocysteine codon. The best-characterized selenoproteins from mammalian species and bacteria are discussed with emphasis on their biological function and catalytic mechanisms. A total of 25 genes coding for selenoproteins have been identified in the genome of mammals. Unlike the selenoenzymes of anaerobic bacteria, most mammalian selenoenzymes work as antioxidants and as redox regulators of cell metabolism and functions. Selenoprotein P contains several selenocysteine residues and serves as a selenocysteine reservoir for other selenoproteins in mammals. Although extensively studied, glutathione peroxidases are incompletely understood in terms of local and time-dependent distribution, and regulatory functions. Selenoenzymes take advantage of the nucleophilic reactivity of the selenolate form of selenocysteine. It is used with peroxides and their by-products such as disulfides and sulfoxides, but also with iodine in iodinated phenolic substrates. This results in the formation of Se-X bonds (X = O, S, N, or I) from which a selenenylsulfide intermediate is invariably produced. The initial selenolate group is then recycled by thiol addition. In bacterial glycine reductase and D-proline reductase, an unusual catalytic rupture of selenium-carbon bonds is observed. The exchange of selenium for sulfur in selenoproteins, and information obtained from model reactions, suggest that a generic advantage of selenium compared with sulfur relies on faster kinetics and better reversibility of its oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Chaudière
- CBMN (CNRS, UMR 5248), University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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22
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Becker AL, Indra AK. Oxidative Stress in Melanoma: Beneficial Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113038. [PMID: 37297001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma ranks as the fifth most common cancer in the United States and represents one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer. While recent advances in systemic targeted therapies and immunotherapies have positively impacted melanoma survival, the survival rate of stage IV melanoma remains at a meager 32%. Unfortunately, tumor resistance can impede the effectiveness of these treatments. Oxidative stress is a pivotal player in all stages of melanoma progression, with a somewhat paradoxical function that promotes tumor initiation but hinders vertical growth and metastasis in later disease. As melanoma progresses, it employs adaptive mechanisms to lessen oxidative stress in the tumor environment. Redox metabolic rewiring has been implicated in acquired resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors. A promising approach to enhance the response to therapy involves boosting intracellular ROS production using active biomolecules or targeting enzymes that regulate oxidative stress. The complex interplay between oxidative stress, redox homeostasis, and melanomagenesis can also be leveraged in a preventive context. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of oxidative stress in melanoma, and how the antioxidant system may be manipulated in a therapeutic context for improved efficacy and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Becker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Peng S, Yu S, Zhang J, Zhang J. 6-Shogaol as a Novel Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor Induces Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in HeLa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054966. [PMID: 36902397 PMCID: PMC10003455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a crucial strategy for the discovery of antineoplastic drugs. 6-Shogaol (6-S), a primary bioactive compound in ginger, has high anticancer activity. However, its potential mechanism of action has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that 6-S, a novel TrxR inhibitor, promoted oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells. The other two constituents of ginger, 6-gingerol (6-G) and 6-dehydrogingerduone (6-DG), have a similar structure to 6-S but fail to kill HeLa cells at low concentrations. 6-Shogaol specifically inhibits purified TrxR1 activity by targeting selenocysteine residues. It also induced apoptosis and was more cytotoxic to HeLa cells than normal cells. The molecular mechanism of 6-S-mediated apoptosis involves TrxR inhibition, followed by an outburst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, TrxR knockdown enhanced the cytotoxic sensitivity of 6-S cells, highlighting the physiological significance of targeting TrxR by 6-S. Our findings show that targeting TrxR by 6-S reveals a new mechanism underlying the biological activity of 6-S and provides meaningful insights into its action in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Peng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaopeng Yu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiange Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IRI), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.Z.)
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24
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Wang S, Clapper E, Tonissen KF, Di Trapani G. Co-Targeting of BTK and TrxR as a Therapeutic Approach to the Treatment of Lymphoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36830087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a haematological malignancy representing the most diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subtype. Despite the approved chemotherapies available in clinics, some patients still suffer from side effects and relapsed disease. Recently, studies have reported the role of the Trx system and the BCR signalling pathway in cancer development and drug resistance. In this regard, we assessed a potential link between the two systems and evaluated the effects of [Au(d2pype)2]Cl (TrxR inhibitor) and ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor) alone and in combination on the cell growth of two DLBCL lymphoma cell lines, SUDHL2 and SUDHL4. In this study, we show higher expression levels of the Trx system and BCR signalling pathway in the DLBCL patient samples compared to the healthy samples. The knockdown of TrxR using siRNA reduced BTK mRNA and protein expression. A combination treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl and ibrutinib had a synergistic effect on the inhibition of lymphoma cell proliferation, the activation of apoptosis, and, depending on lymphoma cell subtype, ferroptosis. Decreased BTK expression and the cytoplasmic accumulation of p65 were observed after the combination treatment in the DLBCL cells, indicating the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Thus, the co-targeting of BTK and TrxR may be an effective therapeutic strategy to consider for DLBCL treatment.
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25
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Köhrle J. Selenium, Iodine and Iron-Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine, selenium and iron, provide the basic requirements for the function and action of the thyroid hormone system in humans, vertebrate animals and their evolutionary precursors. Selenocysteine-containing proteins convey both cellular protection along with H2O2-dependent biosynthesis and the deiodinase-mediated (in-)activation of thyroid hormones, which is critical for their receptor-mediated mechanism of cellular action. Disbalances between the thyroidal content of these elements challenge the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid periphery axis, causing or facilitating common diseases related to disturbed thyroid hormone status such as autoimmune thyroid disease and metabolic disorders. Iodide is accumulated by the sodium-iodide-symporter NIS, and oxidized and incorporated into thyroglobulin by the hemoprotein thyroperoxidase, which requires local H2O2 as cofactor. The latter is generated by the dual oxidase system organized as 'thyroxisome' at the surface of the apical membrane facing the colloidal lumen of the thyroid follicles. Various selenoproteins expressed in thyrocytes defend the follicular structure and function against life-long exposure to H2O2 and reactive oxygen species derived therefrom. The pituitary hormone thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates all processes required for thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion and regulates thyrocyte growth, differentiation and function. Worldwide deficiencies of nutritional iodine, selenium and iron supply and the resulting endemic diseases are preventable with educational, societal and political measures.
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Xu J, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Fang J. Editorial: Small molecule inhibitors targeting mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs): Interactions, mechanisms, and applications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1141772. [PMID: 36818046 PMCID: PMC9932965 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1141772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS) and Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China,*Correspondence: Jianguo Fang, ; Jianqiang Xu, ; Alexios Vlamis-Gardikas,
| | - Alexios Vlamis-Gardikas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rion, Greece,*Correspondence: Jianguo Fang, ; Jianqiang Xu, ; Alexios Vlamis-Gardikas,
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianguo Fang, ; Jianqiang Xu, ; Alexios Vlamis-Gardikas,
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27
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Abstract
Significance: The thioredoxin system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, besides an endogenous Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). The Trx system plays critical roles in maintaining the redox homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), in which oxidative stress damage is prone to occurrence due to its high-energy demand. Recent Advances: Increasing studies have demonstrated that the expression or activity of Trx/TrxR is usually decreased and that TXNIP expression is increased in patients with CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and depression, as well as in their cellular and animal models. The compromise of Trx/TrxR enhances the susceptibility of neurons to related pathological state. Increased TXNIP not only enhances the inhibition of Trx activity, but also activates the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, resulting in neuroinflammation in the brain. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the sources of oxidative stress in the CNS. The expression and function of the Trx system are summarized in different CNS diseases. This review also mentions that some inducers of Trx show neuroprotection in CNS diseases. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the important roles of the Trx system in CNS diseases, suggesting that the Trx system may be a promising therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Further study should aim to develop the most effective inducers of Trx and specific inhibitors of TXNIP and to apply them in the clinical trials for the treatment of CNS diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 425-441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Forensic and Pathology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Xin'an International Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China.,Department of Physiology, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, China
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28
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Ternad I, Penninckx S, Lecomte V, Vangijzegem T, Conrard L, Lucas S, Heuskin AC, Michiels C, Muller RN, Stanicki D, Laurent S. Advances in the Mechanistic Understanding of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles' Radiosensitizing Properties. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:201. [PMID: 36616111 PMCID: PMC9823929 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the plethora of nanosystems used in the field of theranostics, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) occupy a central place because of their biocompatibility and magnetic properties. In this study, we highlight the radiosensitizing effect of two IONPs formulations (namely 7 nm carboxylated IONPs and PEG5000-IONPs) on A549 lung carcinoma cells when exposed to 225 kV X-rays after 6 h, 24 h and 48 h incubation. The hypothesis that nanoparticles exhibit their radiosensitizing effect by weakening cells through the inhibition of detoxification enzymes was evidenced by thioredoxin reductase activity monitoring. In particular, a good correlation between the amplification effect at 2 Gy and the residual activity of thioredoxin reductase was observed, which is consistent with previous observations made for gold nanoparticles (NPs). This emphasizes that NP-induced radiosensitization does not result solely from physical phenomena but also results from biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiana Ternad
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Penninckx
- Medical Physics Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentin Lecomte
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vangijzegem
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Louise Conrard
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Stanicki
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS), B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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29
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Shi J, Wei X, Song Y, Tang C, Zhang W. Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Biomarker for Gynecologic Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231184995. [PMID: 37365925 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231184995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous literatures, plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) level was significantly elevated in various malignant tumors and serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic prediction. However, there is little awareness of the clinical value of plasma TrxR in gynecologic malignancies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma TrxR in gynecologic cancer and explore its role in treatment surveillance. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 134 patients with gynecologic cancer and 79 patients with benign gynecologic disease. The difference of plasma TrxR activity and tumor markers level between two groups was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. By detecting pretreatment and post-treatment level of TrxR and conventional tumor markers, we further assessed the change trend of them with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. RESULTS Compared with benign control [5.7 (5, 6.6) U/mL], statistically significant increase of TrxR activity was observed in gynecologic cancer group [8.4 (7.25, 9.825) U/mL] (P < .0001), regardless of age and stage. On the basis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we found plasma TrxR shows the highest diagnostic efficacy for distinguishing malignancy with benign disease, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.823 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.767-0.878), in the whole cohort. Besides, patients receiving treatment previously [8 (6.5, 9) U/mL] had a decreased TrxR level relative to treatment-native patients [9.9 (8.6, 10.85) U/mL]. Furthermore, follow-up data showed that plasma TrxR level would be evidently decreased after two courses of antitumor therapy (P < .0001), which is consistent with the downward trend of conventional tumor markers. CONCLUSION Collectively, all these results demonstrated plasma TrxR is an effective parameter for gynecologic cancer diagnosis and concurrently acts as a promising biomarker for treatment response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqi Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Xi J, Tian LL, Xi J, Girimpuhwe D, Huang C, Ma R, Yao X, Shi D, Bai Z, Wu QX, Fang J. Alterperylenol as a Novel Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor Induces Liver Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Ferroptosis. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:15763-15775. [PMID: 36472370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are a rich resource for discovering innovational drugs. Herein, we isolated and characterized two compounds dihydroalterperylenol (DAP) and alterperylenol (AP) from Alternaria sp. MG1, an endophytic fungus isolated from Vitis quinquangularis, and investigated the underlying antitumor mechanism of AP. Mechanistically, AP inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells by targeting the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and ultimately induces cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. Compared to DAP, the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl structure of AP is an indispensable moiety for its antitumor activity and TrxR inhibition. Specifically, inhibition of TrxR causes the extensive reactive oxygen species and consequently results in DNA damage, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, ferroptosis is driven via excess toxic lipid peroxidation and elevation of intracellular iron levels via regulating iron-related proteins. In vivo validation also shows that AP owns anticancer activity in xenograft mice. Collectively, our results disclose a novel natural TrxR inhibitor AP exerting the antitumor effect via inducing cell apoptosis and ferroptosis and evidence that AP is a promising candidate agent for liver carcinoma therapy. The link of TrxR inhibition to ferroptosis further highlights the physiological importance of TrxR in regulating ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Li-Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jiahui Xi
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Desire Girimpuhwe
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Chongfei Huang
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- General Surgery Department, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Quan-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu210094, China
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Huseynov TM, Guliyeva RT, Jafarova SH, Jafar NH. Sodium Selenite As Potential Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022; 67:775-778. [PMID: 36567968 PMCID: PMC9762656 DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The review considers the role that selenium plays in RNA virus infections and, in particular, COVID-19. Many RNA viruses are selenium dependent because antisense interactions arise between viral RNAs and host mRNA regions containing the selencysteine insertion sequence to cause selenium deficiency, oxidative stress, immune response impairment, etc. Sodium selenite is a licensed selenium-containing product and is widely used in medicine, veterinary, and agriculture. Its advantages include the following. Sodium selenite rapidly penetrates through cell membranes in all tissues of the body; is intensely involved in metabolic processes accompanied by oxidation of sulfur-containing cell proteins; exerts an antiaggregation effect by reducing thromboxane activity; interrupts the contact of a virion (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2) with the membrane of a healthy cell; and suppresses NF-κB activity, which significantly increases in coronavirus infections. Arguments supporting the use of sodium selenite as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Huseynov
- Institute of Biophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, AZ1143 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - R. T. Guliyeva
- Institute of Biophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, AZ1143 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - S. H. Jafarova
- Institute of Biophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, AZ1143 Baku, Azerbaijan
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Freire Boullosa L, Van Loenhout J, Hermans C, Lau HW, Merlin C, Marcq E, Takhsha FS, Martinet W, De Meyer GRY, Lardon F, Smits ELJ, Deben C. Optimization of the Solvent and In Vivo Administration Route of Auranofin in a Syngeneic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559255 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antineoplastic activity of the thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) inhibitor, auranofin (AF), has already been investigated in various cancer mouse models as a single drug, or in combination with other molecules. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature on the solvent, dose and administration route of AF treatment in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the solvent and administration route of AF in a syngeneic SB28 glioblastoma (GBM) C57BL/6J and a 344SQ non-small cell lung cancer 129S2/SvPasCrl (129) mouse model. Compared to daily intraperitoneal injections and subcutaneous delivery of AF via osmotic minipumps, oral gavage for 14 days was the most suitable administration route for high doses of AF (10-15 mg/kg) in both mouse models, showing no measurable weight loss or signs of toxicity. A solvent comprising 50% DMSO, 40% PEG300 and 10% ethanol improved the solubility of AF for oral administration in mice. In addition, we confirmed that AF was a potent TrxR inhibitor in SB28 GBM tumors at high doses. Taken together, our results and results in the literature indicate the therapeutic value of AF in several in vivo cancer models, and provide relevant information about AF's optimal administration route and solvent in two syngeneic cancer mouse models.
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Sherlock LG, McCarthy WC, Grayck MR, Solar M, Hernandez A, Zheng L, Delaney C, Tipple TE, Wright CJ, Nozik ES. Neonatal Selenium Deficiency Decreases Selenoproteins in the Lung and Impairs Pulmonary Alveolar Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased selenium (Se) levels during childhood and infancy are associated with worse respiratory health. Se is biologically active after incorporation into Se-containing antioxidant enzymes (AOE) and proteins. It is unknown how decreased maternal Se during pregnancy and lactation impacts neonatal pulmonary selenoproteins, growth, and lung development. Using a model of neonatal Se deficiency that limits Se intake to the dam during pregnancy and lactation, we evaluated which neonatal pulmonary selenoproteins are decreased in both the saccular (postnatal day 0, P0) and early alveolar (postnatal day 7, P7) stages of lung development. We found that Se deficient (SeD) pups weigh less and exhibit impaired alveolar development compared to Se sufficient (SeS) pups at P7. The activity levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd) were decreased at P0 and P7 in SeD lungs compared to SeS lungs. Protein content of GPx1, GPx3 and Txnrd1 were decreased in SeD lungs at P0 and P7, whereas Txnrd2 content was unaltered compared to SeS controls. The expression of NRF-2 dependent genes and several non-Se containing AOE were similar between SeS and SeD lungs. SeD lungs exhibited a decrease in selenoprotein N, an endoplasmic reticulum protein implicated in alveolar development, at both time points. We conclude that exposure to Se deficiency during pregnancy and lactation impairs weight gain and lung growth in offspring. Our data identify multiple selenoproteins in the neonatal lung that are vulnerable to decreased Se intake, which may impact oxidative stress and cell signaling under physiologic conditions as well as after oxidative stressors.
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Renatino Canevarolo R, Pereira de Souza Melo C, Moreno Cury N, Luiz Artico L, Ronchi Corrêa J, Tonhasca Lau Y, Sousa Mariano S, Reddy Sudalagunta P, Regina Brandalise S, Carolina de Mattos Zeri A, Andrés Yunes J. Glutathione levels are associated with methotrexate resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1032336. [PMID: 36531023 PMCID: PMC9751399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist and nucleotide synthesis inhibitor, is a cornerstone drug used against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its mechanism of action and resistance continues to be unraveled even after decades of clinical use. Methods To better understand the mechanisms of this drug, we accessed the intracellular metabolic content of 13 ALL cell lines treated with MTX by 1H-NMR, and correlated metabolome data with cell proliferation and gene expression. Further, we validated these findings by inhibiting the cellular antioxidant system of the cells in vitro and in vivo in the presence of MTX. Results MTX altered the concentration of 31 out of 70 metabolites analyzed, suggesting inhibition of the glycine cleavage system, the pentose phosphate pathway, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and bile acid uptake. We found that glutathione (GSH) levels were associated with MTX resistance in both treated and untreated cells, suggesting a new constitutive metabolic-based mechanism of resistance to the drug. Gene expression analyses showed that eight genes involved in GSH metabolism were correlated to GSH concentrations, 2 of which (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 [GGT1] and thioredoxin reductase 3 [TXNRD3]) were also correlated to MTX resistance. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the association between GSH metabolism and MTX resistance. Pharmacological inhibition or stimulation of the main antioxidant systems of the cell, GSH and thioredoxin, confirmed their importance in MTX resistance. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a thioredoxin inhibitor used against acute promyelocytic leukemia, potentiated MTX cytotoxicity in vitro in some of the ALL cell lines tested. Likewise, the ATO+MTX combination decreased tumor burden and extended the survival of NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice transplanted with patient-derived ALL xenograft, but only in one of four ALLs tested. Conclusion Altogether, our results show that the cellular antioxidant defense systems contribute to leukemia resistance to MTX, and targeting these pathways, especially the thioredoxin antioxidant system, may be a promising strategy for resensitizing ALL to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanca Tonhasca Lau
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Praneeth Reddy Sudalagunta
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Ana Carolina de Mattos Zeri
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Andrés Yunes
- Centro de Pesquisa Boldrini, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil,Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil,*Correspondence: José Andrés Yunes,
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Branco V, Carvalho L, Barboza C, Mendes E, Cavaco A, Carvalho C. Selenium and Redox Enzyme Activity in Pregnant Women Exposed to Methylmercury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2291. [PMID: 36421477 PMCID: PMC9687717 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient with essential physiological functions achieved through the production of selenoproteins. Adequate Se intake has health benefits and reduces mercury (Hg) toxicity, which is important due to its neurotoxicity. This study determined the Se status and redox enzyme, including selenoproteins', activity in pregnant women highly exposed to Hg (between 1 to 54 µg Hg/L blood) via fish consumption. A cross-sectional study enrolling 513 women between the first and third trimester of pregnancy from Madeira, Portugal was conducted, encompassing collection of blood and plasma samples. Samples were analyzed for total Se and Hg levels in whole blood and plasma, and plasma activity of redox-active proteins, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx). Enzyme activities were related to Se and Hg levels in blood. Se levels in whole blood (65.0 ± 13.1 µg/L) indicated this population had a sub-optimal Se status, which translated to low plasma GPx activity (69.7 ± 28.4 U/L). The activity of TrxR (12.3 ± 5.60 ng/mL) was not affected by the low Se levels. On the other hand, the decrease in Trx activity with an increase in Hg might be a good indicator to prevent fetal susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cássia Barboza
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Afonso Cavaco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Chakraborty S, Sircar E, Bhattacharyya C, Choudhuri A, Mishra A, Dutta S, Bhatta S, Sachin K, Sengupta R. S-Denitrosylation: A Crosstalk between Glutathione and Redoxin Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1921. [PMID: 36290644 PMCID: PMC9598160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of proteins occurs as a consequence of the derivatization of cysteine thiols with nitric oxide (NO) and is often associated with diseases and protein malfunction. Aberrant S-nitrosylation, in addition to other genetic and epigenetic factors, has gained rapid importance as a prime cause of various metabolic, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, with a major emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration. The S-nitrosoproteome, a term used to collectively refer to the diverse and dynamic repertoire of S-nitrosylated proteins, is relatively less explored in the field of redox biochemistry, in contrast to other covalently modified versions of the same set of proteins. Advancing research is gradually unveiling the enormous clinical importance of S-nitrosylation in the etiology of diseases and is opening up new avenues of prompt diagnosis that harness this phenomenon. Ever since the discovery of the two robust and highly conserved S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and thioredoxin systems as candidate denitrosylases, years of rampant speculation centered around the identification of specific substrates and other candidate denitrosylases, subcellular localization of both substrates and denitrosylases, the position of susceptible thiols, mechanisms of S-denitrosylation under basal and stimulus-dependent conditions, impact on protein conformation and function, and extrapolating these findings towards the understanding of diseases, aging and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, newer insights in the ever-expanding field of redox biology reveal distinct gaps in exploring the crucial crosstalk between the redoxins/major denitrosylase systems. Clarifying the importance of the functional overlap of the glutaredoxin, glutathione, and thioredoxin systems and examining their complementary functions as denitrosylases and antioxidant enzymatic defense systems are essential prerequisites for devising a rationale that could aid in predicting the extent of cell survival under high oxidative/nitrosative stress while taking into account the existence of the alternative and compensatory regulatory mechanisms. This review thus attempts to highlight major gaps in our understanding of the robust cellular redox regulation system, which is upheld by the concerted efforts of various denitrosylases and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Esha Sircar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Camelia Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejita Dutta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sneha Bhatta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
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Machała P, Liudvytska O, Kicel A, Dziedzic A, Olszewska MA, Żbikowska HM. Valorization of the Photo-Protective Potential of the Phytochemically Standardized Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Leaf Extract in UVA-Irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:5144. [PMID: 36014384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Olea europaea are a by-product of the olive oil industry and a dietary supplement with acknowledged antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but underestimated photoprotective potential. We investigated the protective effects of the LC-PDA-MS/MS standardized ethanol-water extract of olive leaves (OLE), containing 26.2% total phenols and 22.2% oleuropein, with underlying mechanisms against the UVA-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Hs68 cells were pre-treated (24 h) with OLE (2.5-25 μg/mL) or the reference antioxidants, quercetin and ascorbic acid (25 μg/mL), followed by irradiation (8 J/cm2). OLE significantly reduced the UVA-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and increased the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) expression and post-radiation viability of fibroblasts by inhibiting their apoptosis. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways appeared to be inhibited by OLE, but the activity of caspase 9 was the most reduced. We hypothesized that the TrxR up-regulation by OLE could have prevented the UVA-induced apoptosis of Hs68 cells. In addition, a significant decrease in UVA-induced secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was shown in human lymphocyte culture in response to OLE treatment. In summary, our results support the beneficial effect of OLE in an in vitro model and indicate its great potential for use in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as a topical photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Shearer HL, Pace PE, Paton JC, Hampton MB, Dickerhof N. A newly identified flavoprotein disulfide reductase Har protects Streptococcus pneumoniae against hypothiocyanous acid. J Biol Chem 2022;:102359. [PMID: 35952759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) is an antimicrobial oxidant produced from hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate anions by heme peroxidases in secretory fluids such as in the human respiratory tract. Some respiratory tract pathogens display tolerance to this oxidant, which suggests that there might be therapeutic value in targeting HOSCN defense mechanisms. However, surprisingly little is known about how bacteria protect themselves from HOSCN. We hypothesized that tolerant pathogens have a flavoprotein disulfide reductase that uses NAD(P)H to directly reduce HOSCN, similar to thioredoxin reductase in mammalian cells. Here, we report the discovery of a previously uncharacterized flavoprotein disulfide reductase with HOSCN reductase activity, which we term Har (hypothiocyanous acid reductase), in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium previously found to be tolerant of HOSCN. S. pneumoniae generates large amounts of hydrogen peroxide that can be converted to HOSCN in the respiratory tract. Using deletion mutants, we demonstrate that the HOSCN reductase is dispensable for growth of S. pneumoniae in the presence of lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate. However, bacterial growth in the HOSCN-generating system was completely crippled when deletion of HOSCN reductase activity was combined with disruption of GSH import or recycling. Our findings identify a new bacterial HOSCN reductase and demonstrate a role for this protein in combination with GSH utilization to protect S. pneumoniae from HOSCN.
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Branco V, Coppo L, Aschner M, Carvalho C. N-Acetylcysteine or Sodium Selenite Prevent the p38-Mediated Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Microglia during Exposure to Mercury (II). Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10080433. [PMID: 36006112 PMCID: PMC9415961 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is known for its neurotoxicity and is reported to activate microglia cells at low exposure levels. Since mercury decreases the activity of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, we hypothesize that Hg would, in turn, disrupt microglia homeostasis by interfering with redox regulation of signaling pathways. Thus, in this work, we analyzed the effect of exposure to Hg2+ on nuclear translocation and activation of NF-kB (p50) and p38 and pro-inflammatory gene transcription (IL-1ß; iNOS, TNF-alpha) considering the interaction of Hg with the glutathione system and thioredoxin systems in microglial cells. N9 (mouse) microglia cells were exposed to different concentrations of Hg2+ and the 24 h EC50 for a reduction in viability was 42.1 ± 3.7 μM. Subsequent experiments showed that at sub-cytotoxic levels of Hg2+, there was a general increase in ROS (≈40%) accompanied by a significant depletion (60-90%) of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. Upon 6 h of exposure to Hg2+, p38 (but not p50) accumulated in the nucleus (50% higher than in control), which was accompanied by an increase in its phosphorylation. Transcript levels of both IL1-ß and iNOS were increased over two-fold relative to the control. Furthermore, pre-exposure of cells to the p38 inhibitor SB 239063 hindered the activation of cytokine transcription by Hg2+. These results show that disruption of redox systems by Hg2+ prompts the activation of p38 leading to transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in microglia cells. Treatment of N9 cells with NAC or sodium selenite-which caused an increase in basal GSH and TrxR levels, respectively, prevented the activation of p38 and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This result demonstrates the importance of an adequate nutritional status to minimize the toxicity resulting from Hg exposure in human populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Cristina Carvalho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Stancill JS, Hansen PA, Mathison AJ, Schmidt EE, Corbett JA. Deletion of Thioredoxin Reductase Disrupts Redox Homeostasis and Impairs β-Cell Function. Function (Oxf) 2022; 3:zqac034. [PMID: 35873655 PMCID: PMC9301323 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as mediators of pancreatic β-cell damage. While β-cells are thought to be vulnerable to oxidative damage, we have shown, using inhibitors and acute depletion, that thioredoxin reductase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxins are the primary mediators of antioxidant defense in β-cells. However, the role of this antioxidant cycle in maintaining redox homeostasis and β-cell survival in vivo remains unclear. Here, we generated mice with a β-cell specific knockout of thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1fl/fl; Ins1Cre/+ , βKO). Despite blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, knockout mice maintain normal whole-body glucose homeostasis. Unlike pancreatic islets with acute Txnrd1 inhibition, βKO islets do not demonstrate increased sensitivity to ROS. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Txnrd1-deficient β-cells have increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes, and altered expression of genes involved in heme and glutathione metabolism, suggesting an adaptive response. Txnrd1-deficient β-cells also have decreased expression of factors controlling β-cell function and identity which may explain the mild functional impairment. Together, these results suggest that Txnrd1-knockout β-cells compensate for loss of this essential antioxidant pathway by increasing expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes, allowing for protection from excess ROS at the expense of normal β-cell function and identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polly A Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MN 59717, USA,Redox Biology Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary
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Ogata FT, Simões Sato AY, Coppo L, Arai RJ, Stern AI, Pequeno Monteiro H. Thiol-Based Antioxidants and the Epithelial/Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1037-1050. [PMID: 34541904 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) is commonly associated with tumor metastasis. Oxidative and nitrosative stress is maintained in cancer cells and is involved in the EMT. Cancer cells are endowed with high levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, which counteract the effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Thiol-based antioxidant systems such as the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (Trx/TrxR) and glutathione/glutaredoxin (GSH/Grx) are continually active in cancer cells, while the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), the negative regulator of the Trx/TrxR system, is downregulated. Recent Advances: Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems play a major role in maintaining EMT signaling and cancer cell progression. Critical Issues: Enhanced stress conditions stimulated in cancer cells inhibit EMT signaling. The elevated expression levels of the Trx/TrxR and GSH/Grx systems in these cells provide the antioxidant protection necessary to guarantee the occurrence of the EMT. Future Directions: Elevation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide concentrations in cancer cells has been viewed as a promising strategy for elimination of these cells. The development of inhibitors of GSH synthesis and of the Trx/TrxR system together with genetic-based strategies to enhance Txnip levels may provide the necessary means to achieve this goal. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1037-1050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Toshio Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Yuri Simões Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Jun Arai
- Department of Oncology and Radiology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina-Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnold Ira Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hugo Pequeno Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy-CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mallén-Ponce MJ, Huertas MJ, Florencio FJ. Exploring the Diversity of the Thioredoxin Systems in Cyanobacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040654. [PMID: 35453339 PMCID: PMC9025218 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria evolved the ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis using light energy to reduce CO2 from electrons extracted from water and form nutrients. These organisms also developed light-dependent redox regulation through the Trx system, formed by thioredoxins (Trxs) and thioredoxin reductases (TRs). Trxs are thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that serve as reducing substrates for target enzymes involved in numerous processes such as photosynthetic CO2 fixation and stress responses. We focus on the evolutionary diversity of Trx systems in cyanobacteria and discuss their phylogenetic relationships. The study shows that most cyanobacteria contain at least one copy of each identified Trx, and TrxA is the only one present in all genomes analyzed. Ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase (FTR) is present in all groups except Gloeobacter and Prochlorococcus, where there is a ferredoxin flavin-thioredoxin reductase (FFTR). Our data suggest that both TRs may have coexisted in ancestral cyanobacteria together with other evolutionarily related proteins such as NTRC or DDOR, probably used against oxidative stress. Phylogenetic studies indicate that they have different evolutionary histories. As cyanobacteria diversified to occupy new habitats, some of these proteins were gradually lost in some groups. Finally, we also review the physiological relevance of redox regulation in cyanobacteria through the study of target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. Mallén-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.M.-P.); (M.J.H.)
| | - María José Huertas
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.M.-P.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Francisco J. Florencio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Zheng YL, Tu ZS, Cui HM, Yan S, Duan DC, Tang W, Dai F, Zhou B. Redox-Based Strategy for Selectively Inducing Energy Crisis Inside Cancer Cells: An Example of Modifying Dietary Curcumin to Target Mitochondria. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2898-2910. [PMID: 35213152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reprograming of energy metabolism is a major hallmark of cancer, but its effective intervention is still a challenging task due to metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells. Herein, we report a general redox-based strategy for meeting the challenge. The strategy was exemplified by a dietary curcumin analogue (MitoCur-1) that was designed to target mitochondria (MitoCur-1). By virtue of its electrophilic and mitochondrial-targeting properties, MitoCur-1 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) more effectively and selectively in HepG2 cells than in L02 cells via the inhibition of mitochondrial antioxidative thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2). The ROS generation preferentially mediated the energy crisis of HepG2 cells in a dual-inhibition fashion against both mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolisms, which could hit the metabolic plasticity of HepG2 cells. The ROS-dependent energy crisis also allowed its preferential killing of HepG2 cells (IC50 = 1.4 μM) over L02 cells (IC50 = 9.1 μM), via induction of cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagic death, and its high antitumor efficacy in vivo, in nude mice bearing HepG2 tumors (15 mg/kg). These results highlight that inhibiting mitochondrial TrxR2 to produce ROS by electrophiles is a promising redox-based strategy for the effective intervention of cancer cell energy metabolic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hong-Mei Cui
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - De-Chen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION : The thioredoxin system is increasingly recognized as an important executor for maintaining cell redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cell signaling pathways. Targeting this system for cancer treatment has therefore attracted much attention. AREAS COVERED : The authors focus on providing coverage and emphasizing the strategy of targeting the thioredoxin system to develop anticancer therapeutics in the past five years, especially from the perspective of discovering novel protein functions or new downstream regulatory pathways, and designing new therapeutic reagents. The authors also provide the readers with their expert perspectives for future development. EXPERT OPINION : The limited pharmacophore of inhibitors and the slow progress of clinical research partially restrict the development of anticancer drugs targeting the thioredoxin system, necessitating thus novel strategies to accelerate the system for treating cancer. Nevertheless, the synergistic targeting of thioredoxin system for cancer therapy is a promising strategy, particularly with regards to chemotherapy resistance and/or sensitization immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Guillin OM, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. Interplay between Selenium, Selenoproteins and HIV-1 Replication in Human CD4 T-Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031394. [PMID: 35163318 PMCID: PMC8835795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection of CD4 T-lymphocytes with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), disrupts cellular homeostasis, increases oxidative stress and interferes with micronutrient metabolism. Viral replication simultaneously increases the demand for micronutrients and causes their loss, as for selenium (Se). In HIV-infected patients, selenium deficiency was associated with a lower CD4 T-cell count and a shorter life expectancy. Selenium has an important role in antioxidant defense, redox signaling and redox homeostasis, and most of these biological activities are mediated by its incorporation in an essential family of redox enzymes, namely the selenoproteins. Here, we have investigated how selenium and selenoproteins interplay with HIV infection in different cellular models of human CD4 T lymphocytes derived from established cell lines (Jurkat and SupT1) and isolated primary CD4 T cells. First, we characterized the expression of the selenoproteome in various human T-cell models and found it tightly regulated by the selenium level of the culture media, which was in agreement with reports from non-immune cells. Then, we showed that selenium had no significant effect on HIV-1 protein production nor on infectivity, but slightly reduced the percentage of infected cells in a Jurkat cell line and isolated primary CD4 T cells. Finally, in response to HIV-1 infection, the selenoproteome was slightly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M. Guillin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Vindry
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Théophile Ohlmann
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (L.C.); Tel.: +33-4-72-72-89-53 (T.O.); +33-4-72-72-86-24 (L.C.)
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; (O.M.G.); (C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (L.C.); Tel.: +33-4-72-72-89-53 (T.O.); +33-4-72-72-86-24 (L.C.)
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Martinez SS, Huang Y, Acuna L, Laverde E, Trujillo D, Barbieri MA, Tamargo J, Campa A, Baum MK. Role of Selenium in Viral Infections with a Major Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:280. [PMID: 35008706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have afflicted human health and despite great advancements in scientific knowledge and technologies, continue to affect our society today. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has put a spotlight on the need to review the evidence on the impact of nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy immune system, particularly in instances where there are limited therapeutic treatments. Selenium, an essential trace element in humans, has a long history of lowering the occurrence and severity of viral infections. Much of the benefits derived from selenium are due to its incorporation into selenocysteine, an important component of proteins known as selenoproteins. Viral infections are associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and may result in oxidative stress. Studies suggest that selenium deficiency alters immune response and viral infection by increasing oxidative stress and the rate of mutations in the viral genome, leading to an increase in pathogenicity and damage to the host. This review examines viral infections, including the novel SARS-CoV-2, in the context of selenium, in order to inform potential nutritional strategies to maintain a healthy immune system.
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Duan D, Feng X, Pan D, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang X. Oridonin induces oxidative stress-mediated cancer cells apoptosis via targeting thioredoxin reductase. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1647-1657. [PMID: 34923938 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666211217151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) plays vital role in regulating cellular redox balance as well as redox-mediated signal transduction. Accumulating evidence supports that overactivation of TrxR is closely related to tumorigenesis and that targeting TrxR ablation reverses the growth of numerous malignant tumors, making TrxR a promising target for cancer chemotherapy. Thus, the discovery and development of molecules as promising anticancer agents that target TrxR is of great significance. Oridonin was shown to inhibit TrxR activity, but the detailed cellular mechanism is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the mechanism of action and underlying inhibitory properties of oridonin on TrxR in HeLa cells. METHODS A covalent docking was performed to reveal the possible interaction between oridonin and TrxR by Schrödinger Software Suite. TrxR activity was determined by 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid reduction assay and endpoint insulin reduction assay. Sulforhodamine B and colony formation assay were employed to assess the viability and growth of cells. Reactive oxygen species level was measured by probe 2', 7'-dichlorfluorescein diacetate, and dihydroethidium. Hoechst 33342 staining, caspase 3 activation, and fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-conjugated Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining were used to evaluate apoptosis. RESULTS Here, we reported the oridonin as a potent inhibitor of TrxR. Inhibition of TrxR results in a decrease of thiols content and total glutathione elevates reactive oxygen species levels, and finally promotes oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells. CONCLUSION Targeting TrxR by oridonin discloses a novel molecular mechanism underlying the biological action of oridonin and sheds light on developing oridonin as a potential tumor therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Xiaolu Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Dabo Pan
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiandongnan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Kaili, 556000, China
| | - Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
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Shutkov IA, Okulova YN, Tyurin VY, Sokolova EV, Babkov DA, Spasov AA, Gracheva YA, Schmidt C, Kirsanov KI, Shtil AA, Redkozubova OM, Shevtsova EF, Milaeva ER, Ott I, Nazarov AA. Ru(III) Complexes with Lonidamine-Modified Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413468. [PMID: 34948263 PMCID: PMC8707700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bifunctional Ru(III) complexes with lonidamine-modified ligands (lonidamine is a selective inhibitor of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells) was described. Redox properties of Ru(III) complexes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. An easy reduction suggested a perspective for these agents as their whole mechanism of action seems to be based on activation by metal atom reduction. New compounds demonstrated a more pronounced antiproliferative potency than the parental drug; individual new agents were more cytotoxic than cisplatin. Stability studies showed an increase in the stability of complexes along with the linker length. A similar trend was noted for antiproliferative activity, cellular uptake, apoptosis induction, and thioredoxin reductase inhibition. Finally, at concentrations that did not alter water solubility, the selected new complex evoked no acute toxicity in Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Shutkov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Yulia N. Okulova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Vladimir Yu. Tyurin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Elena V. Sokolova
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Denis A. Babkov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Spasov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Yulia A. Gracheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 55 Beethovenstrasse, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.I.K.); (A.A.S.)
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Shtil
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.I.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | | | - Elena F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severniy Proezd, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Elena R. Milaeva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 55 Beethovenstrasse, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Sun S, Zhang Y, Xu W, Zhang Y, Yang R, Guo J, Guan S, Ma Q, Ma K, Xu J. Chlorophyllin Inhibits Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase 1 and Triggers Cancer Cell Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111733. [PMID: 34829604 PMCID: PMC8615155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Food colorants are widely used by humans in food production and preparation; however, their potential toxicity requires an in-depth analysis. In this study, five out of 15 commercial food colorants, namely, lutein, betanin, caramel, crocin and chlorophyll, significantly inhibited wild type selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1, TXNRD1) in vitro. The hyperactive Sec498 residue of TrxR1 was targeted by those five colorants, which was confirmed by the site-directed mutagenesis of TrxR1. Furthermore, two colorants, chlorophyll and betanin, triggered the oligomerization of TrxR1. A chlorophyll-derived compound, chlorophyllin, irreversibly inhibited the 5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) reducing activity of TrxR1 with Kinact = 6.96 × 10−3 ± 0.49 × 10−3 µM−1 min−1. Moreover, chlorophyllin reduced the cellular TrxR activity, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and, subsequently, promoting cancer cell death. In conclusion, this study might contribute to understand the food safety of commercial colorants and provide chemotherapeutic compounds by targeting TrxR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Sun
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation (CASS), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.Y.); (J.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Yici Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry (IRCBC), Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China;
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology (OST), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China;
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation (CASS), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.Y.); (J.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation (CASS), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.Y.); (J.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Jianli Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation (CASS), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.Y.); (J.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Shui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R & D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China;
- Research & Educational Center for the Control Engineering of Translational Precision Medicine (R-ECCE-TPM), School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China;
| | - Kun Ma
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation (CASS), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.Y.); (J.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation (CASS), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (Y.Z.); (R.Y.); (J.G.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-189-0986-4926; Fax: +86-427-263-1429
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Kinoshita H, Shimozato O, Ishii T, Kamoda H, Hagiwara Y, Tsukanishi T, Ohtori S, Yonemoto T. The Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor Auranofin Suppresses Pulmonary Metastasis of Osteosarcoma, But Not Local Progression. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:4947-4955. [PMID: 34593442 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Auranofin (AUR), a thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) inhibitor, shows anticancer activity against several cancers. This study investigated the effects of AUR on the local progression and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Publicly available expression cohorts were analysed to study the relationship between TXNRD-2 expression and the survival of patients with OS. The murine OS cell line LM8 was stimulated with AUR. Cell viability, apoptosis-related protein levels, caspase activity, and wound healing were analysed. Tumor progression and pulmonary metastasis were investigated in C3H mice implanted with LM8 cells. RESULTS High-level expression of TXNRD-2 represented a negative prognostic factor for metastasis and overall survival in patients with OS. AUR induced apoptosis of OS cells via the oxidative stress-MAPK-Caspase 3 pathway, and suppressed the migration of OS cells. AUR inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of OS, but not local progression. CONCLUSION AUR represents a potential therapeutic drug for suppressing pulmonary metastasis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osamu Shimozato
- Laboratory of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kamoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yonemoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
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