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Espinosa-Vellarino FL, Garrido I, Casimiro I, Silva AC, Espinosa F, Ortega A. Enzymes Involved in Antioxidant and Detoxification Processes Present Changes in the Expression Levels of Their Coding Genes under the Stress Caused by the Presence of Antimony in Tomato. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:609. [PMID: 38475456 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing presence of heavy metals and metalloids in soils and water due to anthropogenic activities. However, the biggest problem caused by this increase is the difficulty in recycling these elements and their high permanence in soils. There are plants with great capacity to assimilate these elements or make them less accessible to other organisms. We analyzed the behavior of Solanum lycopersicum L., a crop with great agronomic interest, under the stress caused by antimony (Sb). We evaluated the antioxidant response throughout different exposure times to the metalloid. Our results showed that the enzymes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle show changes in their expression level under the stress caused by Sb but could not find a relationship between the NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (GSNOR) expression data and nitric oxide (NO) content in tomato roots exposed to Sb. We hypothesize that a better understanding of how these enzymes work could be key to develop more tolerant varieties to this kind of abiotic stress and could explain a greater or lesser phytoremediation capacity. Moreover, we deepened our knowledge about Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) due to their involvement in the elimination of the xenobiotic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Luis Espinosa-Vellarino
- Grupo Investigación Fisiología y Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas (BBB015), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Avenida de Elvas s/n, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Garrido
- Grupo Investigación Fisiología y Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas (BBB015), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Avenida de Elvas s/n, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ilda Casimiro
- Grupo Investigación Fisiología y Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas (BBB015), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Avenida de Elvas s/n, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana Cláudia Silva
- Centro Tecnológico Nacional Agroalimentario "Extremadura" (CTAEX), Ctra. Villafranco-Balboa 1.2, 06195 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Espinosa
- Grupo Investigación Fisiología y Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas (BBB015), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Avenida de Elvas s/n, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Alfonso Ortega
- Grupo Investigación Fisiología y Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas (BBB015), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Avenida de Elvas s/n, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Szymanski M, Janicki R, Kaminski P, Wasilow K, Soltysiak J, Szyca R, Szymanska A, Arabik M. Clinical use of redox biomarkers for diagnosis of male infertility. Ginekol Pol 2024:VM/OJS/J/98046. [PMID: 38334352 DOI: 10.5603/gpl.98046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a population of men with abnormal semen parameters and in a population of men diagnosed with normozoospermia. This study was performed using data collected at the Infertility Treatment Clinic 'Genesis' , Bydgoszcz, Poland, between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017. A total number of 321 men meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into the control group (162 men) and the infertility group (159 men). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured using ready-made kits; lipid peroxidation intensity was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method. No statistically significant differences were found for the activity of SOD, GR, CAT between the groups. MDA values measured in the serum of patients in the healthy group were higher than in the group with semenological disorders. Although our study did not demonstrate the usefulness of the above blood tests, further studies are needed to explore the potential use of assessing redox parameters to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Szymanski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland, Bydgoszcz
- Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrynology Clinic, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, IPHC, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of Infertility Treatment "Genesis", Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Janicki
- Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrynology Clinic, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, IPHC, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of Infertility Treatment "Genesis", Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaminski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Wasilow
- NZOZ Medical Center, Clinic of Infertility Treatment "Genesis", Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Robert Szyca
- Clinic of Surgery and Oncological Surgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, IPHC, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Angelika Szymanska
- The National Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Arabik
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Pregnancy Pathology Department, Multi-speciality City Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Prokhorova TA, Androsova LV, Tereshkina EB, Boksha IS, Savushkina OK, Pochueva VV, Sheshenin VS, Burbaeva GS, Klyushnik TP. [Clinical and psychopathological characteristics of patients with late-onset schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses in clusters identified by biological parameters]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:137-144. [PMID: 38676688 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124041137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess clinical and psychopathological characteristics of late-aged female patients with late-onset psychoses in clusters formed on the basis of biochemical and immunological blood parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 59 women with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses with onset after 40 years (ICD-10 F20, F22.8, F25, F23, F06.2), including 34 women with late-onset (40-60 years) and 25 with very late onset psychoses (after 60 years). At the time of hospitalization, a clinical/ psychopathological study was carried out using CGI-S, PANSS, CDSS, and HAMD-17, as well as the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GT) have been determined in erythrocyte hemolysates, and the activities of leukocyte elastase (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) have been assessed in blood plasma. Biochemical and immunological parameters have been also determined in 34 age-matched mentally healthy women. RESULTS Clustering by signs such as GR, GT, LE and α1-PI has yielded two clusters of objects (patients) significantly different in GT (p<0.0001), LE (p<0.0001), and α1-PI (p<0.001) activities. Relatively to the controls, in the cluster 1 patients, the activities of GST and α1-PI are increased, the activity of LE is decreased, whereas, in the cluster 2 patients, the activity of GR is decreased, and the activities of LE and α1-PI are increased. Cluster 1 patients differ from cluster 2 patients in greater severity of the condition (CGI-S, p=0.04) and higher total scores on PANSS subscales' items. Cluster 1 includes 76% of patients with very late onset. Different correlations between clinical and biological signs are found in two clusters. CONCLUSION The identified clusters have different clinical and psychopathological characteristics. Dividing patients into subgroups according to biochemical and immunological parameters is promising for the search for differentiated therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - I S Boksha
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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Poslu AH, Aslan ŞE, Koz G, Senturk E, Koz Ö, Senturk M, Nalbantsoy A, Öztekin A, Ekinci D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel salicylidene uracils: Cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines and inhibitory action on enzymatic activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300374. [PMID: 37902389 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of salicylidene uracil (1-18) derived from 5-aminouracil and substituted salicylaldehydes were analyzed for cytotoxic activity and enzyme inhibitory potency. Nine out of eighteen derivatives (6-8, 10, 12-15, 18) are novel molecules synthesized for the first time in this work, and other derivatives were previously synthesized by our group. The compounds were characterized by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. All compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma), A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma), and SHSY-5Y (human neuroblastoma) cancer cell lines and the nontumorigenic HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) cell line. The 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde derived compound (8) was toxic to PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, showing a promising IC50 value at 7.05 ± 0.76 μM. The present study also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the compounds against several key enzymes, namely carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA I and CA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and glutathione reductase (GR), which are implicated in various global disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, cancer, malaria, diabetes, and glaucoma. The inhibitory profiles of the tested compounds were assessed by determining their Ki values, which ranged from 2.96 to 9.24 nM for AChE, 3.78 to 12.57 nM for BChE, 8.42 to 25.74 nM for CA I, 7.24 to 19.74 nM for CA II, and 0.541 to 1.124 μM for GR. Molecular docking studies were also performed for all compounds. Most derivatives exhibited much more effective inhibitory action compared with clinically used standards. Thus, our findings indicate that the salicylidene derivatives presented in this study are promising drug candidates that need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Halıç Poslu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şafak Esra Aslan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Technology Transfer Office, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Esra Senturk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ömer Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Murat Senturk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Öztekin
- Health Services of Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Schier C, Gruhlke MCH, Reucher G, Slusarenko AJ, Rink L. Combating Black Fungus: Using Allicin as a Potent Antifungal Agent against Mucorales. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17519. [PMID: 38139348 PMCID: PMC10743604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal (IF) diseases are a leading global cause of mortality, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic further exacerbated this scenario, intensifying comorbid IF infections such as mucormycoses of the nasopharynx. In the work reported here, it is shown that zygomycetes, significant contributors to mycoses, are sensitive to the natural product allicin. Inhibition of Mucorales fungi by allicin in solution and by allicin vapor was demonstrated. Mathematical modeling showed that the efficacy of allicin vapor is comparable to direct contact with the commercially available antifungal agent amphotericin B (ampB). Furthermore, the study revealed a synergistic interaction between allicin and the non-volatile ampB. The toxicity of allicin solution to human cell lines was evaluated and it was found that the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of allicin was 25-72 times higher in the cell lines as compared to the fungal spores. Fungal allicin sensitivity depends on the spore concentration, as demonstrated in a drop test. This study shows the potential of allicin, a sulfur-containing defense compound from garlic, to combat zygomycete fungi. The findings underscore allicin's promise for applications in infections of the nasopharynx via inhalation, suggesting a novel therapeutic avenue against challenging fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schier
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.S.); (A.J.S.)
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Martin C. H. Gruhlke
- GENAWIF e.V.—Society for Natural Compound and Active Ingredient Research, Lukasstraße 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Applied Microbiology—iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology—ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Reucher
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (C.S.); (A.J.S.)
- GENAWIF e.V.—Society for Natural Compound and Active Ingredient Research, Lukasstraße 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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El-Gendy MS, El-Gezawy ES, Saleh AA, Alhotan RA, Al-Badwi MAA, Hussein EOS, El-Tahan HM, Kim IH, Cho S, Omar SM. Investigating the Chemical Composition of Lepidium sativum Seeds and Their Ability to Safeguard against Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Hepatic Dysfunction. Foods 2023; 12:4129. [PMID: 38002187 PMCID: PMC10670087 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most frequently used food additives that endanger public health. The antioxidant, hyperlipidemic, and cytoprotective properties of Lepidium sativum seeds (LSS) as a natural remedy can minimize the harmful effects of MSG. This study investigated the potential protective effect of LSS against MSG-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were equally divided into four groups for 30 days: the control group (G1) received a basal diet without supplement, group (G2) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) as a model group, group (G3) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) + LSS (30 g/kg b.w.), and group (G4) was fed a basal diet + MSG (30 g/kg b.w.) + LSS (60 g/kg b.w.). LSS enhanced serum alkaline phosphatase activity as well as total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels. It can decrease peroxide content in serum lipids and inhibit glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase in hepatic cells. The dietary supplementation with LSS provided cytoprotection by enhancing the histoarchitecture of the liver and decreasing the number of apoptotic cells. Due to their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, LSS effectively protect against the hepatotoxicity of MSG. These findings are of the highest significance for drawing attention to incorporating LSS in our food industry and as a health treatment in traditional medicine to combat MSG-induced hepatic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Salah El-Gendy
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt
| | - Eman Sobhy El-Gezawy
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 333516, Egypt
| | - Rashed A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. A. Al-Badwi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Osman Sewlim Hussein
- AlKhumasia for Feed and Animal Products, Riyadh-Olaya-Al Aqareyah 2-Office 705, P.O. Box 8344, Riyadh 11982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M. El-Tahan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki 12611, Egypt
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sara Mahmoud Omar
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt
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Apryatin SA, Traktirov DS, Karpenko MN, Ivleva IS, Pestereva NS, Bolshakova MV, Trofimov AN, Fesenko ZS, Klimenko VM. Antioxidant system alterations and physiological characteristics of neonatal and juvenile DAT-KO rats. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1651-1661. [PMID: 37394966 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats represent a valuable rodent model for studying the molecular and phenotypical outcomes of the effects of excessive dopamine accumulation in the synaptic cleft and the prolonged action of dopamine on neurons. Animals with DAT deficiency are characterized by hyperactivity, stereotypy, cognitive deficits, and impairments in behavioral and biochemical indicators. Several key pathophysiological mechanisms are known to be common to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and other diseases. Among these mechanisms, oxidative stress systems play a particularly important role. One of the main antioxidant systems in the brain is glutathione: specifically, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and catalase play a significant role in the regulation of vital oxidative processes, and their dysfunction has been shown in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed to analyze the dynamics of the activity levels of glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes, as well as catalase in the blood plasma, of DAT-deficient, homo- and heterozygous, neonatal and juvenile rats (both male and female). Their behavioral and physiological parameters were evaluated at the age of 1.5 months. For the first time, changes in physiological and biochemical parameters were shown in DAT-KO rats at 1.5 months of postnatal life. The key role of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and catalase in the regulation of oxidative stress in DAT-KO rats at the 5th week of life was demonstrated. A positive effect of a slightly increased dopamine level on memory function was shown in DAT-heterozygous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Apryatin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D S Traktirov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M N Karpenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Ivleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Pestereva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Bolshakova
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A N Trofimov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z S Fesenko
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Klimenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Shi Y, Wu W, Yang Y, Liu X, Lin J, Liu X, Lin J, Pang X. Gene knockout of glutathione reductase results in increased sensitivity to heavy metals in Acidithiobacillus caldus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250330. [PMID: 37799601 PMCID: PMC10547865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus caldus plays an important role in bioleaching of low-grade metal ore. It can promote the release of heavy metals in mining-associated habitats and survive in high concentrations of heavy metals. Functions of glutathione reductase (GR) in cell defense against reactive oxygen species caused by heavy metals have been elucidated in some eukaryotic cells and bacteria; however, no information is available in A. caldus. In this research, the methods of bioinformatics, gene expression, GR activity assays were used to detect and characterize the glutathione reductase gene from the A. caldus MTH-04 strain. Then, A. caldus gr knockout mutant and gr overexpression strain were constructed, and the heavy metal tolerant properties and transcriptional levels of ROS related genes of them were compared to study the function of GR. The results showed that, a putative gr gene F0726_RS04210 was detected in the genome of A. caldus MTH-04. The purified recombinant protein of F0726_RS04210 showed remarkable GR activity at optimal pH 7.0 and 30°C using in vitro assay. The evolutionary relationship of GR from A. caldus MTH-04 was close to that from Escherichia coli K12. Gene knockout or overexpression of gr in A. caldus did not affect the growth rate on S0 medium, suggesting that GR did not play a key role in the activation of sulfur. Deletion of gr resulted in increased sensitivity to heavy metals (Cu2+ and Zn2+) in A. caldus, and the gr overexpression strain showed enhanced tolerance to heavy metals. Furthermore, transcription analysis also revealed strong correlations between GR and the antioxidant pathway. The above results suggest that GR can play an important role in heavy metal tolerance in A. caldus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianqun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Szopa A, Herbet M, Poleszak E, Serefko A, Czylkowska A, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Kasperek K, Wróbel A, Prewencka P, Szewczyk B. Evaluation of Antidepressive-like Behaviours and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Mice Receiving Imipramine-Zinc Complex Compound. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14157. [PMID: 37762458 PMCID: PMC10531591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of an imipramine-zinc (IMI-Zn) complex compound on mice and assess the level of oxidative stress parameters. The research also investigated whether the IMI-Zn complex showed superior antidepressant activity compared to individual treatments of both compounds at effective doses and their joint administration at subtherapeutic doses. The study was conducted on mice. Forced swim (FST), tail suspension (TST), and locomotor activity tests were used for behavioral studies. The results demonstrated the IMI-Zn complex's dose-dependent antidepressant potential when orally administered to mice. Its efficacy was similar to the separate administration of therapeutic doses of imipramine (IMI) and zinc (Zn) and their joint administration at subtherapeutic doses. Moreover, subjecting mice to acute stress did not significantly affect the activity of on glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and total antioxidant status (TAS), possibly due to the short exposure time to the stress stimulus. By developing the IMI-Zn complex, it might be possible to simplify the treatment approach, potentially improving patient compliance by combining the therapeutic effects of both IMI and Zn within a single compound, thus addressing one of the contributing factors to non-compliance in depression therapy. The IMI-Zn complex could be a valuable strategy to optimize therapeutic outcomes and balance efficacy and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (I.P.-C.); (K.K.)
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Czylkowska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (I.P.-C.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamila Kasperek
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.H.); (I.P.-C.); (K.K.)
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Prewencka
- Scientific Circle, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Mhaibes AM, Abdul-Wahab FK. Nephroprotective effect of vitamin D Against Levofloxacin-induced renal injury: an observational study. J Med Life 2023; 16:1032-1040. [PMID: 37900077 PMCID: PMC10600679 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of kidney damage involves complicated interactions between vascular endothelial and tubular cell destruction. Evidence has shown that vitamin D may have anti-inflammatory effects in several models of kidney damage. In this study, we evaluated the effects of synthetic vitamin D on levofloxacin-induced renal injury in rats. Forty-two white Albino rats were divided into six groups, with each group comprising seven rats. Group I served as the control (negative control) and received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline (0.5 ml) once daily for twenty-one days. Group II and Group III were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of Levofloxacin (50 mg/kg/day) and (100 mg/kg/day), respectively, for 14 days (positive control groups). Group IV served as an additional negative control and received oral administration of vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day) for twenty-one days. In Group V, rats were orally administered vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day) for twenty-one days, and intraperitoneal injections of Levofloxacin (50 mg/kg/day) were administered on day 8 for 14 days. Group VI received oral vitamin D3 supplementation (500 IU/rat/day) for twenty-one days, followed by intraperitoneal injections of Levofloxacin (100 mg/kg/day) on day 8 for fourteen days. Blood samples were collected to measure creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase levels. Compared to the positive control group, vitamin D supplementation lowered creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde levels, while increasing glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase levels. Urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher in rats administered LFX 50mg and 100mg compared to rats given (LFX + vitamin D). The main findings of this study show that vitamin D reduces renal dysfunction, suggesting that vitamin D has antioxidant properties and may be used to prevent renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Muslim Mhaibes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Farah Kais Abdul-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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11
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Teixeira V, Mohamed I, Lavoie JC. Disturbances of the Lung Glutathione System in Adult Guinea Pigs Following Neonatal Vitamin C or Cysteine Deficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1361. [PMID: 37507901 PMCID: PMC10376486 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition, oxidative stress is a trigger for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which is an important factor in the development of adult lung diseases. Neonatal vitamin C and glutathione deficiency is suspected to induce permanent modification of redox metabolism favoring the development of neonatal and adult lung diseases. A total of 64 3-day-old guinea pigs were fed an oral diet that was either complete or deficient in vitamin C (VCD), cysteine (CD) (glutathione-limiting substrate) or both (DD) for 4 days. At 1 week of age, half of the animals were sacrificed while the other started a complete diet until 12 weeks of age. At 1 week, the decrease in lung GSH in all deficient groups was partially explained by the oxidation of liver methionine-adenosyltransferase. mRNA levels of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), glutathione-reductase (Gsr) and glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) were significantly lower only in CD but not in DD. At 12 weeks, glutathione levels were increased in VCD and CD. Keap1, Gsr and Glrx mRNA were increased, while glutathione-reductase and glutaredoxin proteins were lower in CD, favoring a higher glutathionylation status. Both neonatal deficiencies result in a long-term change in glutathione metabolism that could contribute to lung diseases' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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12
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Wróblewska J, Wróblewski M, Hołyńska-Iwan I, Modrzejewska M, Nuszkiewicz J, Wróblewska W, Woźniak A. The Role of Glutathione in Selected Viral Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 37507865 PMCID: PMC10376684 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammatory processes, immunocompetent cells are exposed to substantial amounts of free radicals and toxic compounds. Glutathione is a cysteine-containing tripeptide that is an important and ubiquitous antioxidant molecule produced in human organs. The intracellular content of GSH regulates the detoxifying capacity of cells, as well as the inflammatory and immune response. GSH is particularly important in the liver, where it serves as the major non-protein thiol involved in cellular antioxidant defense. There are numerous causes of hepatitis. The inflammation of the liver can be caused by a variety of infectious viruses. The relationship between oxidative stress and the hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is not fully known. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hepatotropic viruses and glutathione status, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), as well as antioxidant enzymes, e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wróblewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Iga Hołyńska-Iwan
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Weronika Wróblewska
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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13
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Fu HY, Wang MW. Ascorbate peroxidase plays an important role in photoacclimation in the extremophilic red alga Cyanidiococcus yangmingshanensis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1176985. [PMID: 37332730 PMCID: PMC10272599 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acidothermophilic cyanidiophytes in natural habitats can survive under a wide variety of light regimes, and the exploration and elucidation of their long-term photoacclimation mechanisms promises great potential for further biotechnological applications. Ascorbic acid was previously identified as an important protectant against high light stress in Galdieria partita under mixotrophic conditions, yet whether ascorbic acid and its related enzymatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system was crucial in photoacclimation for photoautotrophic cyanidiophytes was unclear. Methods The significance of ascorbic acid and related ROS scavenging and antioxidant regenerating enzymes in photoacclimation in the extremophilic red alga Cyanidiococcus yangmingshanensis was investigated by measuring the cellular content of ascorbic acid and the activities of ascorbate-related enzymes. Results and discussion Accumulation of ascorbic acid and activation of the ascorbate-related enzymatic ROS scavenging system characterized the photoacclimation response after cells were transferred from a low light condition at 20 μmol photons m-2 s-1 to various light conditions in the range from 0 to 1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was most remarkably enhanced with increasing light intensities and illumination periods among the enzymatic activities being measured. Light-dependent regulation of the APX activity was associated with transcriptional regulation of the chloroplast-targeted APX gene. The important role of the APX activity in photoacclimation was evidenced by the effect of the APX inhibitors on the photosystem II activity and the chlorophyll a content under the high light condition at 1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the acclimation of C. yangmingshanensis to a wide range of light regimes in natural habitats.
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Bertola N, Regis S, Bruno S, Mazzarello AN, Serra M, Lupia M, Sabatini F, Corsolini F, Ravera S, Cappelli E. Effects of Deacetylase Inhibition on the Activation of the Antioxidant Response and Aerobic Metabolism in Cellular Models of Fanconi Anemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051100. [PMID: 37237966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a dysfunctional DNA repair and an oxidative stress accumulation due to defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, not counteracted by endogenous antioxidant defenses, which appear down-expressed compared to the control. Since the antioxidant response lack could depend on the hypoacetylation of genes coding for detoxifying enzymes, we treated lymphoblasts and fibroblasts mutated for the FANC-A gene with some histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), namely, valproic acid (VPA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (OHB), and EX527 (a Sirt1 inhibitor), under basal conditions and after hydrogen peroxide addition. The results show that VPA increased catalase and glutathione reductase expression and activity, corrected the metabolic defect, lowered lipid peroxidation, restored the mitochondrial fusion and fission balance, and improved mitomycin survival. In contrast, OHB, despite a slight increase in antioxidant enzyme expressions, exacerbated the metabolic defect, increasing oxidative stress production, probably because it also acts as an oxidative phosphorylation metabolite, while EX527 showed no effect. In conclusion, the data suggest that VPA could be a promising drug to modulate the gene expression in FA cells, confirming that the antioxidant response modulation plays a pivotal in FA pathogenesis as it acts on both oxidative stress levels and the mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Regis
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Martina Serra
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Lupia
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Sabatini
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsolini
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
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15
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Lee J, Jang CH, Kim Y, Oh J, Kim JS. Quercetin-Induced Glutathione Depletion Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells to Oxaliplatin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081733. [PMID: 37107528 PMCID: PMC10138196 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is an antioxidant phytochemical which belongs to the natural flavonoids group. Recently, the compound has been reported to inhibit glutathione reductase responsible for replenishing reduced forms of glutathione and thus leads to glutathione depletion, triggering cell death. In this study, we examined if quercetin sensitizes tumors to oxaliplatin by inhibiting glutathione reductase activity in human colorectal cancer cells, and thereby facilitates apoptotic cell death. A combined treatment with quercetin and oxaliplatin was found to synergistically inhibit glutathione reductase activity, lower intracellular glutathione level, increase reactive oxygen species production, and reduce cell viability, compared to treatment with oxaliplatin alone in human colorectal HCT116 cancer cells. Furthermore, the incorporation of sulforaphane, recognized for its ability to scavenge glutathione, in combination with quercetin and oxaliplatin, substantially suppressed tumor growth in an HCT116 xenograft mouse model. These findings suggest that the depletion of intracellular glutathione by quercetin and sulforaphane could strengthen the anti-cancer efficacy of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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16
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Korkmaz IN, Güller U, Kalın R, Özdemir H, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Structure-Activity Relationship of Methyl 4-Aminobenzoate Derivatives as Being Drug Candidate Targeting Glutathione Related Enzymes: in Vitro and in Silico Approaches. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201220. [PMID: 37043708 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A thiol compound, glutathione, is essential for healthy cell defence against xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are two glutathione-related enzymes that function in the antioxidant and the detoxification systems. In this study, potential inhibitory effects of methyl 4-aminobenzoate derivatives on GR and GST were examined in vitro. GR and GST were isolated from human erythrocytes with 7.63 EU/mg protein and 5.66 EU/mg protein specific activity, respectively. It was found that compound 1 (methyl 4-amino-3-bromo-5-fluorobenzoate with Ki value of 0.325±0.012 μM) and compound 5 (methyl 4-amino-2-nitrobenzoate with Ki value of 92.41±22.26 μM) inhibited GR and GST stronger than other derivatives. Furthermore, a computer-aided method was used to predict the binding affinities of derivatives, ADME characteristics, and toxicities. Derivatives 4 (methyl 4-amino-2-bromobenzoate) and 6 (methyl 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoate) were estimated to have the lowest binding energies into GR and GST receptors, respectively according to results of in silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Nihan Korkmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Uğur Güller
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iğdır University, Iğdır, 76100, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Kalın
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, 25700, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Ömer İrfan Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
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17
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Otulak-Kozieł K, Kozieł E, Treder K, Király L. Glutathione Contribution in Interactions between Turnip mosaic virus and Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants Lacking Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologs D and F. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087128. [PMID: 37108292 PMCID: PMC10138990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) play crucial and diverse roles in plant tissue-mediated production of reactive oxygen species during the development, growth, and response of plants to abiotic and biotic stress. Many studies have demonstrated the contribution of RbohD and RbohF in stress signaling in pathogen response differentially modulating the immune response, but the potential role of the Rbohs-mediated response in plant-virus interactions remains unknown. The present study analyzed, for the first time, the metabolism of glutathione in rbohD-, rbohF-, and rbohD/F-transposon-knockout mutants in response to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection. rbohD-TuMV and Col-0-TuMV interactions were characterized by susceptible reaction to TuMV, associated with significant activity of GPXLs (glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes) and induction of lipid peroxidation in comparison to mock-inoculated plants, with reduced total cellular and apoplastic glutathione content observed at 7-14 dpi and dynamic induction of apoplast GSSG (oxidized glutathione) at 1-14 dpi. Systemic virus infection resulted in the induction of AtGSTU1 and AtGSTU24, which was highly correlated with significant downregulation of GSTs (glutathione transferases) and cellular and apoplastic GGT (γ-glutamyl transferase) with GR (glutathione reductase) activities. On the contrary, resistant rbohF-TuMV reactions, and especially enhanced rbohD/F-TuMV reactions, were characterized by a highly dynamic increase in total cellular and apoplastic glutathione content, with induction of relative expression of AtGGT1, AtGSTU13, and AtGSTU19 genes. Moreover, virus limitation was highly correlated with the upregulation of GSTs, as well as cellular and apoplastic GGT with GR activities. These findings clearly indicate that glutathione can act as a key signaling factor in not only susceptible rbohD reaction but also the resistance reaction presented by rbohF and rbohD/F mutants during TuMV interaction. Furthermore, by actively reducing the pool of glutathione in the apoplast, GGT and GR enzymes acted as a cell first line in the Arabidopsis-TuMV pathosystem response, protecting the cell from oxidative stress in resistant interactions. These dynamically changed signal transductions involved symplast and apoplast in mediated response to TuMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Otulak-Kozieł
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edmund Kozieł
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Treder
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic and Biochemistry, Bonin Research Center, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 76-009 Bonin, Poland
| | - Lóránt Király
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 15 Herman Ottó Str., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Gaur G, Gänzle MG. Role of thiols and ascladiol production in patulin degradation by lactobacilli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:7081316. [PMID: 36941131 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Patulin is a mycotoxin contaminant in various foods with apple products being its major dietary source. Yeast can reduce patulin levels during fermentation via biotransformation and thiol-adduct formation, with the ability of patulin to react with thiols being well known. Conversion of patulin to ascladiol by lactobacilli has been sparsely reported, while the contribution of thiols in reduction of patulin levels by lactobacilli remains undocumented. In this study, 11 strains of lactobacilli were screened for ascladiol formation in apple juice fermentation. Highest bioconversion was obtained for Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains followed by Levilactobacillus brevis TMW1.465. Ascladiol production was also detected in several other lactobacilli species albeit in trace amounts. Reduction in patulin levels by Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis DMS 20451 and its glutathione reductase (ΔgshR) negative mutant was also assayed to determine the contribution of thiols. The hydrocinnamic acid reductase of Furfurilactobacillus milii did not contribute to reduction of patulin levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of various lactobacilli in reduction of patulin levels via biotransformation of patulin to ascladiol, while also providing evidence for the role of thiol formation by lactobacilli and its presence in reducing patulin levels during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Gaur
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- University of Alberta, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Demir Y, Türkeş C, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Beydemir Ş. Molecular Docking Studies and the Effect of Fluorophenylthiourea Derivatives on Glutathione-Dependent Enzymes. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200656. [PMID: 36538730 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious problem affecting the health of all human societies. Chemotherapy refers to the use of drugs to kill cancer or the origin of cancer. In the past three decades, researchers have studied about proteins and their roles in the production of cancer cells. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of enzymes that play a key role in cellular detoxification, protecting against reactive electrophiles attacks, including chemotherapeutic agents. Glutathione reductase (GR) is an important antioxidant enzyme involved in protecting the cell against oxidative stress. In this current study, GST and GR enzymes were purified from human erythrocytes using affinity chromatography. GR was obtained with a specific activity of 5.95 EU/mg protein and a 52.38 % yield. GST was obtained with a specific activity of 4.88 EU/mg protein and a 74.88 % yield. The effect of fluorophenylthiourea derivatives on the purified enzymes was investigated. Afterward, KI values were found to range from 23.04±4.37 μM-59.97±13.45 μM for GR and 7.22±1.64 μM-41.24±2.55 μM for GST. 1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)thiourea was showed the best inhibition effect for both GST and GR enzymes. The relationships of inhibitors with 3D structures of GST and GR were explained by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75700, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, 24100, Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
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20
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Jardim-Messeder D, de Souza-Vieira Y, Lavaquial LC, Cassol D, Galhego V, Bastos GA, Felix-Cordeiro T, Corrêa RL, Zámocký M, Margis-Pinheiro M, Sachetto-Martins G. Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Genes Families in Euphorbiaceae: Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis. Biology (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36671712 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Monodehydroascorbate Reductase (MDAR), Dehydroascorbate Reductase (DHAR) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) enzymes participate in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which exerts a central role in the antioxidant metabolism in plants. Despite the importance of this antioxidant system in different signal transduction networks related to development and response to environmental stresses, the pathway has not yet been comprehensively characterized in many crop plants. Among different eudicotyledons, the Euphorbiaceae family is particularly diverse with some species highly tolerant to drought. Here the APX, MDAR, DHAR, and GR genes in Ricinus communis, Jatropha curcas, Manihot esculenta, and Hevea brasiliensis were identified and characterized. The comprehensive phylogenetic and genomic analyses allowed the classification of the genes into different classes, equivalent to cytosolic, peroxisomal, chloroplastic, and mitochondrial enzymes, and revealed the duplication events that contribute to the expansion of these families within plant genomes. Due to the high drought stress tolerance of Ricinus communis, the expression patterns of ascorbate-glutathione cycle genes in response to drought were also analyzed in leaves and roots, indicating a differential expression during the stress. Altogether, these data contributed to the characterization of the expression pattern and evolutionary analysis of these genes, filling the gap in the proposed functions of core components of the antioxidant mechanism during stress response in an economically relevant group of plants.
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Obukhova L, Kopytova T, Murach E, Shchelchkova N, Kontorshchikova C, Medyanik I, Orlinskaya N, Grishin A, Kontorshchikov M, Badanina D. Glutathione and Its Metabolic Enzymes in Gliomal Tumor Tissue and the Peritumoral Zone at Different Degrees of Anaplasia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6439-6449. [PMID: 36547100 PMCID: PMC9777065 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was aimed at investigating the features of free radical activity and the parameters of glutathione metabolism in tumor tissues and the peritumoral zone at different degrees of glial tumor anaplasia. We analyzed postoperative material from 20 patients with gliomas of different degrees of anaplasia. The greatest differences compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues were found in the tumor tissue: an increased amount of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes at Grades I and II, and a decrease of these parameters at Grades III and IV. For the peritumoral zone of Grades I and II, the indices changed in different directions, while for Grades III and IV, they occurred synchronously with the tumor tissue changes. For Low Grade and High Grade gliomas, opposite trends were revealed regarding changes in the level of glutathione and the enzymes involved in its metabolism and in the free radical activity in the peritumoral zone. The content of glutathione and the enzymes involved in its metabolism decreased with the increasing degree of glioma anaplasia. In contrast, free radical activity increased. The glutathione system is an active participant in the antioxidant defense of the body and can be used to characterize the cell condition of gliomas at different stages of tumor development.
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Ciftci E, Turkoglu V, Bas Z. Inhibition effect of thymoquinone and lycopene compounds on glutathione reductase enzyme activity purified from human erythrocytes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10086-10093. [PMID: 34138692 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1939787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH). GR enzyme maintains the cellular reduced GSH level and plays a central role in cell defense against reactive oxygen species. Herein, GR was purified with affinity chromatography method in one step using 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B from human erythrocytes. The purification rate of glutathione reductase enzyme purified from human erythrocytes was 6224 fold and specific activity was calculated as 9.586 EU/mg protein. The molecular weight of GR was determined to be 53 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The effect of thymoquinone and lycopene compounds on the GR activity purified from human erythrocytes was researched. Both compounds showed an inhibitory effect on GR activity. IC50 values for thymoquinone and lycopene were calculated as 62.12 µM and 35.79 µM, respectively. Inhibition type and Ki values were determined from the Lineveawer-Burk graph. The type of inhibition for thymoquinone and lycopene was found to be non-competitive inhibition. Ki value was calculated as 57.71 µM for thymoquinone and 46.65 µM for lycopene. In this study, it was concluded that antioxidant compounds thymoquinone and lycopene, which have an inhibitory effect on GR activity, may have a therapeutic effect on cancer disease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser Ciftci
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Van YüzüncüYıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Vedat Turkoglu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Van YüzüncüYıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Mishra A, Kumar V, Singh A. Deciphering the anti-filarial potential of bioactive compounds from Ocimum sanctum: a combined experimental and computational study. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:2237-2252. [PMID: 36415158 PMCID: PMC9704100 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2132030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The anthelminthic effect of Ocimum species (Lamiaceae) has been reported, however, its anti-filarial effect has not been explored to date. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effect of Ocimum sanctum L. (OS) against lymphatic filarial parasites. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ethanol extract of OS (EOS) leaves was tested for anti-filarial activity against Setaria cervi. Equal size and number (n = 10) of adult female S. cervi worms were incubated in 125, 250 or 375 μg/mL EOS extract for 6 h at 37 °C. The OS bioactive components were identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and subjected to docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation against filarial antioxidant proteins. RESULTS The EOS significantly inhibited the motility of adult female S. cervi after 6 h of incubation. The motility was found to be reduced by 53.7% in 375 µg/mL and 43.8% in 250 µg/mL EOS after 6 h of treatment. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of ethanol extract of O. sanctum revealed the presence of 13 bioactive compounds. The docking analysis showed eight OS bioactive compounds to have high binding affinity (> 4.8 kcal/mol) towards antioxidant proteins of filarial parasites. Additionally, MD simulation studies showed significant impact of (RMSD ≤ 10 Å) chlorogenic acid, luteolin and ursolic acid on filarial antioxidant enzymes/proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-filarial activity of Ocimum sanctum. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The effect of EOS and OS bioactive components on human filarial parasites can be further evaluated for the development of new anti-filarial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anchal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Moreno-Martinez L, Santiago L, de la Torre M, Calvo AC, Pardo J, Osta R. Hemizygous Granzyme A Mice Expressing the hSOD1G93A Transgene Show Slightly Extended Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13554. [PMID: 36362341 PMCID: PMC9655466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Granzyme A (gzmA), a serine protease involved in the modulation of the inflammatory immune response, is found at an elevated level in the serum from ALS patients. However, the influence of gzmA on the progression of ALS remains unclear. The aim of our work was to assess whether the absence of gzmA in an ALS murine model could help slow down the progression of the disease. Homozygous and hemizygous gzmA-deficient mice expressing the hSOD1G93A transgene were generated, and survival of these mice was monitored. Subsequently, gene and protein expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers was measured in the spinal cord and quadriceps of these mice. We observed the longest lifespan in gzmA+/- mice. GzmA gene and protein expression was downregulated in the spinal cord and serum from gmzA+/- mice, confirming that the increased survival of hemizygous mice is correlated with lower levels of gzmA. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of glutathione reductase (GSR), involved in oxidative stress, were found downregulated in the spinal cord and quadriceps of gmzA+/- mice, together with lower IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels in hemyzigous mice. In summary, our findings indicate for the first time that reduced levels, but not the absence, of gzmA could slightly ameliorate the disease progression in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-Martinez
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam de la Torre
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- LAGENBIO, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon-IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Sun M, Sun S, Jia Z, Ma W, Mao C, Ou C, Wang J, Zhang H, Hong L, Li M, Jia S, Mao P. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of Glutathione Reductase Gene Family in Oat ( Avena sativa) Indicate Their Responses to Abiotic Stress during Seed Imbibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911650. [PMID: 36232950 PMCID: PMC9569478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress disturbs plant cellular redox homeostasis, inhibiting seed germination and plant growth. This is a crucial limitation to crop yield. Glutathione reductase (GR) is an important component of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle which is involved in multiple plant metabolic processes. In the present study, GRs in A. sativa (AsGRs) were selected to explore their molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationship, and RNA expression changes during seed imbibition under abiotic stress. Seven AsGR genes were identified and mapped on six chromosomes of A, C, and D subgenomes. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization of AsGR proteins divided them into two sub-families, AsGR1 and AsGR2, which were predicted to be mainly located in cytoplasm, mitochondrion, and chloroplast. Cis-elements relevant to stress and hormone responses are distributed in promoter regions of AsGRs. Tissue-specific expression profiling showed that AsGR1 genes were highly expressed in roots, leaves, and seeds, while AsGR2 genes were highly expressed in leaves and seeds. Both AsGR1 and AsGR2 genes showed a decreasing-increasing expression trend during seed germination under non-stress conditions. In addition, their responses to drought, salt, cold, copper, H2O2, and ageing treatments were quite different during seed imbibition. Among the seven AsGR genes, AsGR1-A, AsGR1-C, AsGR2-A, and AsGR2-D responded more significantly, especially under drought, ageing, and H2O2 stress. This study has laid the ground for the functional characterization of GR and the improvement of oat stress tolerance and seed vigor.
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Chakraborty S, Sircar E, Bhattacharyya C, Choudhuri A, Mishra A, Dutta S, Bhatta S, Sachin K, Sengupta R. S-Denitrosylation: A Crosstalk between Glutathione and Redoxin Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1921. [PMID: 36290644 PMCID: PMC9598160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of proteins occurs as a consequence of the derivatization of cysteine thiols with nitric oxide (NO) and is often associated with diseases and protein malfunction. Aberrant S-nitrosylation, in addition to other genetic and epigenetic factors, has gained rapid importance as a prime cause of various metabolic, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, with a major emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration. The S-nitrosoproteome, a term used to collectively refer to the diverse and dynamic repertoire of S-nitrosylated proteins, is relatively less explored in the field of redox biochemistry, in contrast to other covalently modified versions of the same set of proteins. Advancing research is gradually unveiling the enormous clinical importance of S-nitrosylation in the etiology of diseases and is opening up new avenues of prompt diagnosis that harness this phenomenon. Ever since the discovery of the two robust and highly conserved S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and thioredoxin systems as candidate denitrosylases, years of rampant speculation centered around the identification of specific substrates and other candidate denitrosylases, subcellular localization of both substrates and denitrosylases, the position of susceptible thiols, mechanisms of S-denitrosylation under basal and stimulus-dependent conditions, impact on protein conformation and function, and extrapolating these findings towards the understanding of diseases, aging and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, newer insights in the ever-expanding field of redox biology reveal distinct gaps in exploring the crucial crosstalk between the redoxins/major denitrosylase systems. Clarifying the importance of the functional overlap of the glutaredoxin, glutathione, and thioredoxin systems and examining their complementary functions as denitrosylases and antioxidant enzymatic defense systems are essential prerequisites for devising a rationale that could aid in predicting the extent of cell survival under high oxidative/nitrosative stress while taking into account the existence of the alternative and compensatory regulatory mechanisms. This review thus attempts to highlight major gaps in our understanding of the robust cellular redox regulation system, which is upheld by the concerted efforts of various denitrosylases and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Esha Sircar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Camelia Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejita Dutta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sneha Bhatta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
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Mathur J, Chauhan P, Srivastava S. Comparative evaluation of cadmium phytoremediation potential of five varieties of Helianthus annuus L. Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 25:799-810. [PMID: 35997040 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Helianthus annuus is a potential metal accumulator plant, which can find application in cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation and provide economic gains in terms of oil yield. This study is focused on Cd accumulation analysis, physiological and biochemical responses of five varieties of H. annuus (DRSF-108, DRSF-113, LSFH-171, Phule Bhaskar and KBSH-44). Plantlets of all varieties were treated with various Cd concentrations (10, 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg kg-1) for 20, 40 and 60 days. DRSF-108 showed the maximum total Cd accumulation (430.52 mg kg-1) in whole plant while minimum accumulation was observed in KBSH-44 (150.66 mg kg-1) at 500 mg kg-1 Cd after 60 days. The highest level of proline and polyphenol in DRSF-108 were 27.206 µmol g-1 fw and 6.86 mg g-1 fw, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) also showed increased activity in response to Cd treatment. SEM-EDX analysis of potential accumulator genotype, DRSF-108, showed the distribution of intracellular Cd into plant tissues. Therefore, it is concluded that among five varieties, DRSF-108 was the most potential Cd accumulator and had a higher capacity for Cd tolerance compared to other varieties. Our findings may allow us to extend variety DRSF-108 for sustainable farming and Cd remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Mathur
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priti Chauhan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Valado A, Fortes S, Morais M, Barreira R, Figueiredo JP, Caseiro A. Impact of Hydrotherapy on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in an Elderly Population. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:64. [PMID: 35735769 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between reactive species and antioxidant agents. One of the effects of oxidative stress is the normal process of cellular aging that stems from the accumulation of tissue damage. Epidemiological studies show that regular physical exercise prevents the injuries caused by aging. The objective was to evaluate whether the practice of hydrotherapy, in an elderly population, positively influenced the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase that act by reducing reactive species in the body. The study involved 37 participants aged ≥ 60 years, of both sexes, divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed 15 hydrotherapy sessions. Enzyme activity was evaluated in two moments: T0-before the first session, and T1-after the last session, with blood collections conducted in both. In T1, there was a significant increase vs. T0 of glutathione peroxidase activity (57.72 ± 19.99 vs. 48.14 ± 17.22 U/g Hb) and glutathione reductase activity (100.18 ± 30.85 vs. 78.44 ± 21.26 U/L). Both sexes tended to show higher values at T1. We concluded that hydrotherapy proved to be a positive stimulus for the enzymatic antioxidant activity of the elderly, suggesting that a regular and moderate practice of physical exercise induces better and higher quality of life.
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Emerald BS, Mohsin S, D’Souza C, John A, El-Hasasna H, Ojha S, Raza H, al-Ramadi B, Adeghate E. Diabetes Mellitus Alters the Immuno-Expression of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rat Pancreas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094974. [PMID: 35563364 PMCID: PMC9105024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is generated from nitric oxide synthase following hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress during the course of diabetes mellitus (DM). We examined the temporal immuno-expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the pancreas of diabetic and non-diabetic rats using immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence and western blot techniques 12 h, 24 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1, 8 and 15 months after induction of DM. nNOS co-localized with pancreatic beta cells but disappears 12 h after the onset of DM. In contrast, the nNOS content of pancreatic nerves increased significantly (p < 0.001) 24 h after the induction of DM, and decreased sharply thereafter. However, nNOS-positive ganglion cells were observed even 15 months post-diabetes. ROS increased by more than 100% two months after the onset of DM compared to non-diabetic control but was significantly (p < 0.000001) reduced at 9 months after the induction of DM. The pancreatic content of GSH increased significantly (p < 0.02) after 9 months of DM. Although, TBARS content was significantly (p < 0.009; p < 0.002) lower in aged (9 months) non-diabetic and DM rats, TBARS rate was markedly (p < 0.02) higher 9 months after the induction of DM when compared to younger age group. In conclusion, nNOS is present in pancreatic beta cell, but disappears 12 h after the onset of diabetes. In contrast, the tissue level of nNOS of pancreatic nerves increased in the first week of diabetes, followed by a sharp reduction. nNOS may play important roles in the metabolism of pancreatic beta cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Starling Emerald
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Sahar Mohsin
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Crystal D’Souza
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Annie John
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.J.); (H.R.)
| | - Hussain El-Hasasna
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (H.E.-H.); (B.a.-R.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Haider Raza
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (A.J.); (H.R.)
| | - Basel al-Ramadi
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (H.E.-H.); (B.a.-R.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Departments of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (B.S.E.); (S.M.); (C.D.)
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Baek S, Han D, Kwon SR, Sundaresan V, Bohn PW. Electrochemical Zero-Mode Waveguide Potential-Dependent Fluorescence of Glutathione Reductase at Single-Molecule Occupancy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3970-3977. [PMID: 35213143 PMCID: PMC8904319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding functional states of individual redox enzymes is important because electron-transfer reactions are fundamental to life, and single-enzyme molecules exhibit molecule-to-molecule heterogeneity in their properties, such as catalytic activity. Zero-mode waveguides (ZMW) constitute a powerful tool for single-molecule studies, enabling investigations of binding reactions up to the micromolar range due to the ability to trap electromagnetic radiation in zeptoliter-scale observation volumes. Here, we report the potential-dependent fluorescence dynamics of single glutathione reductase (GR) molecules using a bimodal electrochemical ZMW (E-ZMW), where a single-ring electrode embedded in each of the nanopores of an E-ZMW array simultaneously serves to control electrochemical potential and to confine optical radiation within the nanopores. Here, the redox state of GR is manipulated using an external potential control of the Au electrode in the presence of a redox mediator, methyl viologen (MV). Redox-state transitions in GR are monitored by correlating electrochemical and spectroscopic signals from freely diffusing MV/GR in 60 zL effective observation volumes at single GR molecule average pore occupancy, ⟨n⟩ ∼ 0.8. Fluorescence intensities decrease (increase) at reducing (oxidizing) potentials for MV due to the MV-mediated control of the GR redox state. The spectroelectrochemical response of GR to the enzyme substrate, i.e., glutathione disulfide (GSSG), shows that GSSG promotes GR oxidation via enzymatic reduction. The capabilities of E-ZMWs to probe spectroelectrochemical phenomena in zL-scale-confined environments show great promise for the study of single-enzyme reactions and can be extended to important technological applications, such as those in molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul W Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Sarraf M, Vishwakarma K, Kumar V, Arif N, Das S, Johnson R, Janeeshma E, Puthur JT, Aliniaeifard S, Chauhan DK, Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M. Metal/Metalloid-Based Nanomaterials for Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance: An Overview of the Mechanisms. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11030316. [PMID: 35161297 PMCID: PMC8839771 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In agriculture, abiotic stress is one of the critical issues impacting the crop productivity and yield. Such stress factors lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species, membrane damage, and other plant metabolic activities. To neutralize the harmful effects of abiotic stress, several strategies have been employed that include the utilization of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are now gaining attention worldwide to protect plant growth against abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, extreme temperatures, flooding, etc. However, their behavior is significantly impacted by the dose in which they are being used in agriculture. Furthermore, the action of nanomaterials in plants under various stresses still require understanding. Hence, with this background, the present review envisages to highlight beneficial role of nanomaterials in plants, their mode of action, and their mechanism in overcoming various abiotic stresses. It also emphasizes upon antioxidant activities of different nanomaterials and their dose-dependent variability in plants' growth under stress. Nevertheless, limitations of using nanomaterials in agriculture are also presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz 71987-74731, Iran;
| | - Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban 182144, India;
| | - Namira Arif
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India; (N.A.); (D.K.C.)
| | - Susmita Das
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India;
| | - Riya Johnson
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673635, India; (R.J.); (E.J.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Edappayil Janeeshma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673635, India; (R.J.); (E.J.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Jos T. Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673635, India; (R.J.); (E.J.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran;
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India; (N.A.); (D.K.C.)
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.H.)
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Sagar A, Sayyed RZ, Ramteke PW, Ramakrishna W, Poczai P, Al Obaid S, Ansari MJ. Synergistic Effect of Azotobacter nigricans and Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Fertilizer on Agronomic and Yieldtraits of Maize ( Zea mays L.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:952212. [PMID: 35991457 PMCID: PMC9384888 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) Azotobacter spp. is the most promising bacteria among all microorganisms. It is an aerobic, free-living, and N2-fixing bacterium that commonly lives in soil, water, and sediments. It can be used as a biofertilizer for plant growth and nutrient utilization efficiency. Maize is the highly consumed cereal food crop of the cosmopolitan population, and the sustainable maize productivity achieved by applying bacteria in combination with nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) is promising. In the present study, a bacterial isolate (PR19). Azotobacter nigricans, obtained from the soil of an organic farm was evaluated for its plant growth promoting potential alone and in combination with an inorganic fertilizer (NPK) included. The bacterial cultue (PR19) was screened for its morphological, biochemical, and plant growth-promoting characteristics, sequenced by the 16S rDNA method, and submitted to NCBI for the confirmation of strain identification. Further, the inoculation effect of the bacterial culture (PR19) in combination with NPK on growth and yield parameters of maize under pot were analyzed. Based on phenotypic and molecular characteristics, PR19 was identified as Azotobacter nigricans it was submitted to NCBI genbank under the accession No. KP966496. The bacterial isolate possessed multiple plant growth-promoting (MPGP) traits such as the production of ammonia, siderophore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and ACC Deaminase (ACCD). It showed phosphate solubilization activity and tolerance to 20% salt, wide range of pH 5-9, higher levels of trace elements and heavy metals, and resistance to multiple antibiotics. PR19 expressed significantly increased (p < 0.001) antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH) under the abiotic stress of salinity and pH. In vitro condition, inoculation of maize with the PR19 showed a significant increase in seed germination and enhancement in elongation of root and shoot compared to untreated control. The combined application of the PR19 and NPK treatments showed similar significant results in all growth and yield parameters of maize variety SHIATS-M S2. This study is the first report on the beneficial effects of organic farm isolated PR19-NPK treatment combinations on sustainable maize productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Sagar
- Department of Biotechnology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, India
- *Correspondence: Alka Sagar,
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s S. I. Patil Arts, G. B. Patel Science and S. T. K. V Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, India
- R. Z. Sayyed,
| | | | | | - Peter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Peter Poczai,
| | - Sami Al Obaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College, Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
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Hossen SMM, Hossain MS, Yusuf ATM, Chaudhary P, Emon NU, Janmeda P. Profiling of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms: Evidence from the in vitro study and phytoconstituent's binding affinity to the human erythrocyte catalase and human glutathione reductase. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:88-102. [PMID: 35035912 PMCID: PMC8751451 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the appearance of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of seven wild mushrooms of the University of Chittagong campus. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods, whereas DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to elucidate the antioxidant effect. Besides, in silico studies were implemented using the targets of human erythrocyte catalase 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, human glutathione reductase, and selected compounds. Again, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADME/T) analysis has been determined by using online tools. Both Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) Karst. and Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. showed a significant (p < .001) increase in the percentage of scavenging activity at 400 μg/ml concentration when compared with ascorbic acid. The methanol extract of G. lucidum, G. applanatum, and Rhodofomes cajanderi (P. Karst.) B. K. Cui, M. L. Han & Y. C. Dai showed strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value. In addition, molecular docking studies of the previously isolated compounds from three selective mushrooms revealed that the targeted compounds along with positive controls were able to interact strongly (range: -3.498 to -8.655) with the enzymes. The study concludes that the G . lucidum, G. applanatum, and R. cajanderi mushrooms can be a strong source in the management of oxidative stress-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Moazzem Hossen
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Biological ScienceUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | | | - A. T. M. Yusuf
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Science and TechnologyChittagongBangladesh
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience & BiotechnologyBanasthali VidyapithBanasthaliIndia
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Science and EngineeringInternational Islamic University ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience & BiotechnologyBanasthali VidyapithBanasthaliIndia
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Chełchowska M, Gajewska J, Ambroszkiewicz J, Mazur J, Ołtarzewski M, Maciejewski TM. Influence of Oxidative Stress Generated by Smoking during Pregnancy on Glutathione Status in Mother-Newborn Pairs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121866. [PMID: 34942969 PMCID: PMC8698311 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione plays a key role in maintaining a physiological balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in the human body. Therefore, we examined the influence of maternal smoking as a source of oxidative stress measured by total oxidant capacity (TOC) on reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3), and reductase (GR) amount in maternal and umbilical cord blood in 110 (45 smoking and 65 non-smoking) mother-newborn pairs. Concentrations of glutathione status markers and TOC were evaluated by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. Plasma TOC levels were significantly higher and the GSH/GSSG ratio, which is considered an index of the cell’s redox status, were significantly lower in smoking women and their offspring than in non-smoking pairs. Decreased GR levels were found in smoking mothers and their newborns compared with similar non-smoking groups. Although plasma GPx-3 concentrations were similar in both maternal groups, in the cord blood of newborns exposed to tobacco smoke in utero they were reduced compared with the levels observed in children of tobacco abstinent mothers. Oxidative stress generated by tobacco smoke impairs glutathione homeostasis in both the mother and the newborn. The severity of oxidative processes in the mother co-existing with the reduced potential of antioxidant systems may have a negative effect on the oxidative-antioxidant balance in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chełchowska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-2-2327-7260
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Góra, 65-729 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Ołtarzewski
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomasz M. Maciejewski
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
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Naghashpour M, Ghiassian H, Mobarak S, Adelipour M, Piri M, Seyedtabib M, Golabi S. Profiling serum levels of glutathione reductase and interleukin-10 in positive and negative-PCR COVID-19 outpatients: A comparative study from southwestern Iran. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1457-1464. [PMID: 34800305 PMCID: PMC9011590 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, it has rapidly spread across many other countries. We evaluated antioxidant defense systems and inflammatory status related to the SARS-CoV2 infection in a population from southwestern Iran. Comorbidities and clinical symptoms of 104 subjects (comprising negative and positive-PCR COVID-19 outpatients) were assessed. Serum concentrations of glutathione reductase (GR) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using ELISA. In the positive-PCR group, follow-ups on clinical symptoms were carried out for 28 days at 7-day intervals. In the positive-PCR group, hypertension, diabetes, liver disease, chronic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease were the most common comorbidities. In the general category of symptoms, we found a significant difference between negative and positive-PCR groups, except regarding runny noses. In the pulmonary category, there was a significant difference between the two groups except in terms of chest pain. We also determined a significant difference in neurologic symptoms, except for ear pain, between negative and positive-PCR groups. We also found significantly lower levels of GR but higher levels of IL-10 in the positive-PCR group (p = 0.000 for both). In the positive-PCR group, serum levels of IL-10 (odds ratio = 0.914, p = 0.012) decreased the chances of neurological symptoms occurring over time. The antioxidant defense systems of positive-PCR outpatients failed as demonstrated by a reduction in the serum levels of GR. We also indicated a dysregulation in the immune response against COVID-19, characterized by changes in serum IL-10 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Naghashpour
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghiassian
- School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Sara Mobarak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Adelipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maghsud Piri
- Vice Chancellor for Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Seyedtabib
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahar Golabi
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
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Sotona O, Peterová E, Örhalmi J, Dušek T, Mrkvicová A, Knoblochová V, Lochman P, Malý O, Páral J, Bureš J. Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Resected Intestine in Crohn's Disease. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2021; 64:153-157. [PMID: 34779380 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2021.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inflammatory process in Crohn's disease (CD) is closely associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant enzymes can play an important role in the outcome of CD and may influence postoperative recurrence in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate gene expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in surgically resected intestinal specimens of patients with CD, both in macroscopically normal and in inflamed tissue. METHODS A total of 28 patients referred for elective bowel resection were enrolled in the study. Full-thickness small intestinal specimens were investigated. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSR) - was evaluated both in macroscopically normal and inflamed samples. RESULTS There were significantly lower levels of SOD1 mRNA (p = 0.007) and GSR mRNA (p = 0.027) in inflamed tissue compared to macroscopically normal areas. No significant differences were found between affected and non-affected intestinal segments in mRNA for SOD2, SOD3 and GPX. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot data clearly showed that the gene expression of major antioxidant enzymes is not a uniform mechanism in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Topically decreased gene expression of SOD1 and GSR might facilitate the segmental tissue injury caused by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otakar Sotona
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. .,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Július Örhalmi
- Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Dušek
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Mrkvicová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Knoblochová
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lochman
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Malý
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Páral
- Department of Field Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bureš
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Hsiao YF, Cheng SB, Lai CY, Liu HT, Huang SC, Huang YC. The Prognostic Role of Glutathione and Its Related Antioxidant Enzymes in the Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Nutrients 2021; 13:4071. [PMID: 34836325 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of high oxidative stress and low antioxidant capacities is thought to be a significant cause of the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of oxidative stress, glutathione (GSH), and its related antioxidant enzymes on the recurrence of HCC has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes to oxidative stress and GSH-related antioxidant capacities before and after tumor resection in patients with HCC recurrence and non-recurrence. We also evaluated the prognostic significance of GSH and its related enzymes in HCC recurrence. This was a cross-sectional and follow-up study. Ninety-two HCC patients who were going to receive tumor resection were recruited. We followed patients' recurrence and survival status until the end of the study, and then assigned patients into the recurrent or the non-recurrent group. The tumor recurrence rate was 52.2% during the median follow-up period of 3.0 years. Patients had significantly lower plasma malondialdehyde level, but significantly or slightly higher levels of GSH, glutathione disulfide, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities after tumor resection compared to the respective levels before tumor resection in both recurrent and non-recurrent groups. GSH level in HCC tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissue in both recurrent and non-recurrent patients. Decreased plasma GPx (HR = 0.995, p = 0.01) and GR (HR = 0.98, p = 0.04) activities before tumor resection, and the increased change of GPx (post-pre-resection) (HR = 1.004, p = 0.03) activity were significantly associated with the recurrence of HCC. These findings suggest there might be a possible application of GPx or GR as therapeutic targets for reducing HCC recurrence.
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Savushkina OK, Tereshkina EB, Prokhorova TA, Safarova TP, Yakovleva OB, Shipilova ES, Burbaeva GS. [Platelet glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase in elderly patients with depression]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:79-84. [PMID: 34693693 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112109179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the activity of platelet glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in elderly patients with depression and in the control group, and to identify a possible relationship between the activity of these enzymes and clinical parameters of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined 42 elderly patients (60-86 years old) with depressive episodes of various nosological categories according to ICD-10: a single depressive episode (F32.0, F32.1), a depressive episode in recurrent depressive disorder (RDR - F33.0, F33.1), and a depressive episode in bipolar disorder (BD - F31.3). The GR, GST activity and the severity of depression were assessed twice: before the beginning of the course of 28-day antidepressant therapy (day 0) and on the 28th day of the course of therapy, using the Hamilton Depressive Scale (HAMD-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS). RESULTS As compared with the control group, a significant decrease in GST activity was found in patients before and after the course of therapy (p<0.0001 and p<0.0003, respectively), no significant difference in GR activity was found. Significant correlations of the platelet GR activity in patients before thetreatment course with the age of disease manifestation (R= -0.44; p=0.004, inverse correlation) and with its duration (R=0.43, p=0.004, direct correlation), estimated after a 28-day course of therapy. A significant inverse correlation of the baseline (before treatment) GR activity with the HAMD score estimated after the course of therapy (R=-0.440; p=0.009) was found only in women subgroup (n=33). CONCLUSION A pilot study has revealed a decrease in platelet GST activity, and a link between platelet GR activity and the severity of depression after a course of therapy. The results obtained indicate the promise of further study of glutathione metabolism enzymes as a biomarker for assessing the state.
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Bekturova A, Oshanova D, Tiwari P, Nurbekova Z, Kurmanbayeva A, Soltabayeva A, Yarmolinsky D, Srivastava S, Turecková V, Strnad M, Sagi M. Adenosine 5' phosphosulfate reductase and sulfite oxidase regulate sulfite-induced water loss in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:6447-6466. [PMID: 34107028 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-localized adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate reductase (APR) generates sulfite and plays a pivotal role in reduction of sulfate to cysteine. The peroxisome-localized sulfite oxidase (SO) oxidizes excess sulfite to sulfate. Arabidopsis wild type, SO RNA-interference (SO Ri) and SO overexpression (SO OE) transgenic lines infiltrated with sulfite showed increased water loss in SO Ri plants, and smaller stomatal apertures in SO OE plants compared with wild-type plants. Sulfite application also limited sulfate and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in wild type and SO Ri. The increases in APR activity in response to sulfite infiltration into wild type and SO Ri leaves resulted in an increase in endogenous sulfite, indicating that APR has an important role in sulfite-induced increases in stomatal aperture. Sulfite-induced H2O2 generation by NADPH oxidase led to enhanced APR expression and sulfite production. Suppression of APR by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and glutathione reductase2 (GR2), or mutation in APR2 or GR2, resulted in a decrease in sulfite production and stomatal apertures. The importance of APR and SO and the significance of sulfite concentrations in water loss were further demonstrated during rapid, harsh drought stress in root-detached wild-type, gr2 and SO transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate the role of SO in sulfite homeostasis in relation to water consumption in well-watered plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Poonam Tiwari
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Veronika Turecková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Slechtitelu 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Moshe Sagi
- Plant Stress Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker Campus, Israel
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Vyushina AV, Pritvorova AV, Semenova OG, Ordyan NE. [The effect of prenatal stress on antioxidant glutathion-assosiated enzymes activity in subcellular fractions of rat's liver]. Biomed Khim 2021; 67:347-351. [PMID: 34414893 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216704347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The activity of glutathione-associated antioxidant enzymes in subcellular fractions (cytosolic, mitochondrial, and cell nucleus fractions) was investigated in the liver of adult male Wistar rats born after prenatal stress was. Two groups of animals were studied in the experiment: (1) control group included - animals was born by intact mothers, and (2) prenatal stress group included animals whose mothers were subjected to immobilization stress in high-light conditions from the 15th to the 19th day of pregnancy. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) in prenatally stressed animals decreased in the fractions of nuclei and mitochondria compared to the control group, while the activity of glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7.) increased in the same subcellular fractions. The activity of glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) in prenatally stressed rats reduced in the cytosol and mitochondrial fractions as compared to control group. Redistribution of the antioxidant enzyme activity in the cytosol, the fraction of nuclei and the mitochondrial fraction of liver tissue may contribute to the formation of the pathological phenotype of prenatally stressed offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Vyushina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Pritvorova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O G Semenova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N E Ordyan
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Lai Y, Li M, Liao X, Zou L. Smartphone-Assisted Colorimetric Detection of Glutathione and Glutathione Reductase Activity in Human Serum and Mouse Liver Using Hemin/G-Quadruplex DNAzyme. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165016. [PMID: 34443603 PMCID: PMC8398021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) are usually related to a variety of diseases, so it is of great significance to determine the GSH concentration and GR activity. We herein develop a smartphone-assisted colorimetric biosensor for the detection of GSH and GR activity in human serum and mouse liver using hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme. Firstly, an obvious color change from colorless to green can be observed, owing to the high peroxidase-like activity of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme toward 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). With the addition of GSH or GR, the H2O2-mediated oxidation of ABTS catalyzed by hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme is significantly inhibited, resulting in remarkable color fading. Therefore, the detection of GSH and GR activity can be achieved by observing the color transition or measuring the absorbance at 420 nm. The detection limit was estimated to be as low as 0.1 μM and 10 μU/mL for GSH and GR, respectively. More interestingly, the RGB values of the sensing system can be identified by the smartphone application (APP, color collect), which makes it an ideal format for on-site determination and point-of-care testing (POCT). In addition, the proposed method shows excellent selectivity and acceptable applicability for the determination of GSH concentration and GR activity in human serum samples and mouse liver tissues, which might hold great application potential in clinical diagnosis and drug screening.
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Moisejevs G, Bormane E, Trumpika D, Baufale R, Busmane I, Voicehovska J, Grigane A, Suba O, Silova A, Skesters A, Lejnieks A, Gailite L, Brigis G. Glutathione Reductase Is Associated with the Clinical Outcome of Septic Shock in the Patients Treated Using Continuous Veno-Venous Haemofiltration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:689. [PMID: 34356970 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) in the early treatment of septic shock. This study focuses on the association between survival and different parameters of oxidative stress (RedOx). Thereby, we evaluated whether RedOx markers are associated with the outcome of septic shock in patients under early-initiated CVVH treatment. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 65 patients with septic shock who started CVVH within 12 h after hospital admission. Blood samples were taken from each patient prior to the start of CVVH. The following RedOx markers were measured: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using binary logistic regression and stepwise multivariable regression. Results: The 65 patients had a median age of 66 years and 39 were male. Based on the outcome, the patients were divided into two groups—non-survivors (n = 29) and survivors (n = 36)—and the levels of RedOx markers were compared between them. Of all the markers, only higher GR activity was found to be significantly associated with the fatal outcome; 100.3 U/L versus 60.5 U/L, OR = 1.027 (95% CI, 1.010–1.044). Following adjustment for the sequential organ failure assessment score and other parameters, GR activity still presented a significant association with the fatal outcome, OR = 1.020 (95% CI, 1.002–1.038). Conclusions: GR activity is associated with in-hospital fatal outcomes among septic shock patients under early-initiated CVVH treatment. Septic shock patients who have a lower GR activity at hospital admission may have a favourable outcome of the early initiation of CVVH.
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Xia Y, Wang G, Jiang M, Liu X, Zhao Y, Song Y, Jiang B, Zhu D, Hu L, Zhang Z, Cao T, Wang JM, Hu J. A Novel Biological Activity of the STAT3 Inhibitor Stattic in Inhibiting Glutathione Reductase and Suppressing the Tumorigenicity of Human Cervical Cancer Cells via a ROS-Dependent Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4047-4060. [PMID: 34262291 PMCID: PMC8275107 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s313507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glutathione reductase (GSR) provides reduced glutathione (GSH) to maintain redox homeostasis. Inhibition of GSR disrupts this balance, resulting in cell damage, which benefits cancer therapy. However, the effect of GSR inhibition on the tumorigenicity of human cervical cancer is not fully understood. Materials and Methods Tissue microarray analysis was employed to determine GSR expression in cervical cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Cell death was measured with PI/FITC-annexin V staining. mRNA levels were measured via quantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting and flow cytometry. STAT3 deletion was performed with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. GSR knockdown was achieved by RNA interference. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by DCF staining. GSR enzymatic activity was measured with a GSR assay kit. The effect of GSR inhibition on the growth of tumors formed by cervical cancer cells was investigated using a xenograft model. Results The expression of GSR was increased in human cervical cancer tissues, as shown by immunohistochemical staining. GSR knockdown by RNA interference in human cervical cancer cell lines resulted in cell death, suggesting the ability of GSR to maintain cancer cell survival. The STAT3 inhibitor 6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide (Stattic) also inhibited the enzymatic activity of GSR and induced the death of cervical cancer cells. More importantly, Stattic decreased the growth of xenograft tumors formed by cervical cancer cells in nude mice. Mechanistically, tumor cell death induced by Stattic-mediated GSR inhibition was ROS-dependent, since the ROS scavengers GSH and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) reversed the effect of Stattic. In contrast, pharmacological and molecular inhibition of STAT3 did not induce the death of cervical cancer cells, suggesting a STAT3-independent activity of Stattic. Conclusion Stattic inhibits the enzymatic activity of GSR and induces STAT3-independent but ROS-dependent death of cervical cancer cells, suggesting its potential application as a therapeutic agent for human cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xia
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Binyuan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Demao Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Zaher DM, Ramadan WS, El-Awady R, Omar HA, Hersi F, Srinivasulu V, Hachim IY, Al-Marzooq FI, Vazhappilly CG, Merali S, Merali C, Soares NC, Schilf P, Ibrahim SM, Al-Tel TH. A Novel Benzopyrane Derivative Targeting Cancer Cell Metabolic and Survival Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112840. [PMID: 34200264 PMCID: PMC8201054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Today, the discovery of novel anticancer agents with multitarget effects and high safety margins represents a high challenge. Drug discovery efforts indicated that benzopyrane scaffolds possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. This spurs on building a skeletally diverse library of benzopyranes to identify an anticancer lead drug candidate. Here, we aim to characterize the anticancer effect of a novel benzopyrane derivative, aiming to develop a promising clinical anticancer candidate. (2) Methods: The anticancer effect of SIMR1281 against a panel of cancer cell lines was tested. In vitro assays were performed to determine the effect of SIMR1281 on GSHR, TrxR, mitochondrial metabolism, DNA damage, cell cycle progression, and the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, SIMR1281 was evaluated in vivo for its safety and in a xenograft mice model. (3) Results: SIMR1281 strongly inhibits GSHR while it moderately inhibits TrxR and modulates the mitochondrial metabolism. SIMR1281 inhibits the cell proliferation of various cancers. The antiproliferative activity of SIMR1281 was mediated through the induction of DNA damage, perturbations in the cell cycle, and the inactivation of Ras/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Furthermore, SIMR1281 induced apoptosis and attenuated cell survival machinery. In addition, SIMR1281 reduced the tumor volume in a xenograft model while maintaining a high in vivo safety profile at a high dose. (4) Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the anticancer multitarget effect of SIMR1281, including the dual inhibition of glutathione and thioredoxin reductases. These findings support the development of SIMR1281 in preclinical and clinical settings, as it represents a potential lead compound for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Zaher
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A. Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Ibrahim Y. Hachim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah I. Al-Marzooq
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cijo G. Vazhappilly
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, P.O. Box 10021, Ras Al Khaimah 10021, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salim Merali
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 N Broad Street, Room 552, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (S.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Merali
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 N Broad Street, Room 552, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (S.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paul Schilf
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Taleb H. Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Researches, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.Z.); (W.S.R.); (R.E.-A.); (H.A.O.); (F.H.); (V.S.); (I.Y.H.); (F.I.A.-M.); (C.G.V.); (N.C.S.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7417
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Lorestani S, Bahari A, Asadi M, Zahedi Avval F. Evaluation of glutathione reductase activity in colon tissue of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 42:195-198. [PMID: 34090318 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is known as one of the most common irritating gastrointestinal disorders. The mechanism behind IBS is still under investigation and it is thought that it may arose from multi factors among which free radicals have been previously mentioned. Studies have found an association between oxidative stress and IBS; however, little is known about the mechanisms and oxidative stress components status during IBS. One of the key factors playing a central role in oxidative stress network is glutathione reductase (GR). Here we report the GR activity in colon tissue samples during IBS to explore a part of contributing components in IBS pathogenesis. METHODS The GR enzyme activity was measured in 15 active IBS colon biopsy samples and was compared to our best available age and sex matched colorectal tissue samples from normal marginal tissue of resected colon cancers (n=15). The enzyme activity in the two groups was determined and compared using a commercial GR Assay Kit (Cayman chemical). RESULTS A significant decrease in GR activity among IBS tissue samples was observed compared to anatomically normal marginal colon tissue samples (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Lower GR activity may increase oxidized glutathione there by in turn could contribute as a main component in oxidative stress network. The lower GR activity results in hampered defense mechanism against produced free radical species. This finding may clarify a part of IBS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Lorestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Bahari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Asadi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Zahedi Avval
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the glutathione antioxidant defense system changes in the tear and serum of patients with hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and to establish whether there is an interdependence between their levels and HR degree. Methods: 90 patients were split into three groups according to the Keith-Wagner-Barker grading of HR: GI–36 patients; GII–35 patients; GIII–19 patients. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in tear and serum were measured. Results were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated (p≤0.05 statistically significant). Results: In serum, the GSH level and GPx activity were not statistically changed between groups with HR degree advancement, unlike the GR activity that was statistically diminished (p=0.018). The values of the studied markers in the tear showed a decrease with the progression of the HR degree. Only serum GSH level correlated with the tear one (r=-0.361, p=0.000), while the enzymes activity did not. A correlation of GPx and GR activity (r=0.417, p=0.000) was identified in tear, while in serum - of GPx activity and GSH level (r=409, p=0.000). Tear GPx and GR levels correlated significantly but with low power with HR degree (r=0.299, p=0.004/ r=0.299, p=0.004). Conclusion: Statistically significant elevation in tear GPx and GR activity and a tendency of GSH level increase was revealed, being attested, and a direct correlation between GPx and GR activity, as well as of their activity with the HR degree. In serum, the GSH level and the GPx activity did not change accurately, while the GR activity diminished significantly, the identified decrease being correlated with the HR degree. Abbreviations: HR = hypertensive retinopathy, HTN = hypertension, GSH = reduced glutathione, GPx = glutathione peroxidase, GR = glutathione reductase, GGR = gamma-glutamyl transferase, ROSs = reactive species of oxygen, OS = oxidative stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlovschi Ecaterina
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, "Nicolae Testemițanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Pantea Valeriana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, "Nicolae Testemițanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Borovic Djina
- Ovisus Medical Private Center, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Tagadiuc Olga
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, "Nicolae Testemițanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
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Krausova G, Kana A, Vecka M, Hyrslova I, Stankova B, Kantorova V, Mrvikova I, Huttl M, Malinska H. In Vivo Bioavailability of Selenium in Selenium-Enriched Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecium in CD IGS Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030463. [PMID: 33809515 PMCID: PMC7999548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The selenium (Se) enrichment of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has recently emerged as a novel concept; the individual health effects of these beneficial microorganisms are combined by supplying the essential micronutrient Se in a more bioavailable and less toxic form. This study investigated the bioavailability of Se in the strains Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A (EF) and Streptococcus thermophilus CCDM 144 (ST) and their respective Se-enriched forms, SeEF and SeST, in a CD (SD-Sprague Dawley) IGS rat model. Se-enriched LAB administration resulted in higher Se concentrations in the liver and kidneys of rats, where selenocystine was the prevalent Se species. The administration of both Se-enriched strains improved the antioxidant status of the animals. The effect of the diet was more pronounced in the heart tissue, where a lower glutathione reductase content was observed, irrespective of the Se fortification in LAB. Interestingly, rats fed diets with EF and SeEF had higher glutathione reductase activity. Reduced concentrations of serum malondialdehyde were noted following Se supplementation. Diets containing Se-enriched strains showed no macroscopic effects on the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain and had no apparent influence on the basic parameters of the lipid metabolism. Both the strains tested herein showed potential for further applications as promising sources of organically bound Se and Se nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Krausova
- Department of Microbiology and Technology, Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.H.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-773-088-810
| | - Antonin Kana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Marek Vecka
- 4th Department of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Ivana Hyrslova
- Department of Microbiology and Technology, Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.H.); (I.M.)
| | - Barbora Stankova
- 4th Department of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Vera Kantorova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Iva Mrvikova
- Department of Microbiology and Technology, Dairy Research Institute, Ltd., Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.H.); (I.M.)
| | - Martina Huttl
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Hana Malinska
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (H.M.)
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Borlinghaus J, Foerster Née Reiter J, Kappler U, Antelmann H, Noll U, Gruhlke MCH, Slusarenko AJ. Allicin, the Odor of Freshly Crushed Garlic: A Review of Recent Progress in Understanding Allicin's Effects on Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:1505. [PMID: 33801955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile organic sulfur compound allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is produced as a defense substance when garlic (Allium sativum) tissues are damaged, for example by the activities of pathogens or pests. Allicin gives crushed garlic its characteristic odor, is membrane permeable and readily taken up by exposed cells. It is a reactive thiol-trapping sulfur compound that S-thioallylates accessible cysteine residues in proteins and low molecular weight thiols including the cellular redox buffer glutathione (GSH) in eukaryotes and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as bacillithiol (BSH) in Gram-positive firmicutes. Allicin shows dose-dependent antimicrobial activity. At higher doses in eukaryotes allicin can induce apoptosis or necrosis, whereas lower, biocompatible amounts can modulate the activity of redox-sensitive proteins and affect cellular signaling. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how bacterial and eukaryotic cells are specifically affected by, and respond to, allicin.
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Kumar S, Mina PR, Kumar R, Pal A, Ahmad A, Tandon S, Darokar MP. 4-Chlorothymol Exerts Antiplasmodial Activity Impeding Redox Defense System in Plasmodium falciparum. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628970. [PMID: 33776772 PMCID: PMC7988344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the major health concerns due to the resistance of Plasmodium species toward the existing drugs warranting an urgent need for new antimalarials. Thymol derivatives were known to exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activities; however, no reports were found against Plasmodium spp. In the present study, the antiplasmodial activity of thymol derivatives was evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive (NF-54) and -resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Among the thymol derivatives tested, 4-chlorothymol showed potential activity against sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum. 4-Chlorothymol was found to increase the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species level. Furthermore, 4-chlorothymol could perturb the redox balance by modulating the enzyme activity of GST and GR. 4-Chlorothymol also showed synergy with chloroquine against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. 4-Chlorothymol was found to significantly suppress the parasitemia and increase the mean survival time in in vivo assays. Interestingly, in in vivo assay, 4-chlorothymol in combination with chloroquine showed higher chemosuppression as well as enhanced mean survival time at a much lower concentration as compared to individual doses of chloroquine and 4-chlorothymol. These observations clearly indicate the potential use of 4-chlorothymol as an antimalarial agent, which may also be effective in combination with the existing antiplasmodial drugs against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum infection. In vitro cytotoxicity/hemolytic assay evidently suggests that 4-chlorothymol is safe for further exploration of its therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Pooja Rani Mina
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Souri Z, Karimi N, Ahmad P. The effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and glutathione (GSH) on Isatis cappadocica, under Arsenic (As) toxicity. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 23:945-957. [PMID: 33472408 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1870435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to assess the effects of arsenic (As, 1000 µM), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI, 10 µM) and reduced glutathione (GSH, 500 µM) on Isatis cappadocica. As treatment decreased plant growth and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and also enhanced the accumulation of As. As stress also enhanced the oxidative stress biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, the application of GSH decreased the content of H2O2 and MDA by 43% and 55%, respectively, as compared to As treatment. The antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) also enhanced with As stress. NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the DPI, enhances the effect of As toxicity by increasing the accumulation of As, H2O2, MDA. DPI also enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes except GR and GST, However, the application GSH increased the plant growth and biomass yield, decreases accumulation of As, H2O2 and MDA content in As as well as As + DPI treated plants. The thiols content [total thiol (TT), non-protein thiol (NPT) protein thiols (PT), and glutathione (GSH)] were decreased in the As + DPI treatment but supplementation of GSH enhanced them. Novelty statement: The study reveals the beneficial role of GSH in mitigating the deleterious effects of Arsenic toxicity through its active involvement in the antioxidant metabolism, thiol synthesis and osmolyte accumulation. Apart from As, We provided the plants NADPH oxidase inhibitor, the diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which boosts the As toxicity. At present, there is dearth of information pertaining to the effects of DPI on plants growth and their responses under heavy metal stress.GSH application reversed the effect of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) under As stress preventing the oxidative damage to biomolecules through the modulation of different antioxidant enzymes. The application of GSH for As stressed soil could be a sustainable approach for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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