1
|
Carrara M, Kelly MT, Griffin L, Margout-Jantac D. Development and cross-validation of simple HPLC-fluorescence and UPLC-MS-UV methods for rapid determination of oleuropein in olive leaves. Phytochem Anal 2024; 35:476-482. [PMID: 37984858 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olive leaves, abundant by-products of the olive oil industry, are a rich source of oleuropein, an important polyphenol in olive leaves. So far, no published methods have been validated using matrix standards for oleuropein quantification in olive leaves. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to develop an HPLC method for oleuropein determination in olive leaves using spiked matrix standards prepared from a blank olive leaf matrix, to validate the method with respect to aqueous standards, and cross-validate the HPLC method with UPLC-MS and UPLC-UV techniques. METHODOLOGY Oleuropein was extracted into methanol and analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD; excitation and emission wavelengths 281 and 316 nm, respectively) and by UPLC-MS-UV. For validation, calibration curves of spiked matrix standards (0.4 to 4.8 mg/g) were analysed by the three methods over several days. Oleuropein was then analysed in French olive varieties. RESULTS For the HPLC-FLD method, repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 5% RSD and linearity was demonstrated by the Fischer test. Differences in results of the spiked placebos by the three methods were non-significant, as confirmed by ANOVA. Extraction recovery was >90%, and there was a strong linear relationship between authentic and spiked matrix standards. The determination of oleuropein in French olive varieties is reported, including analysis in "Olivière" cultivar for the first time, leaves of which contained twice the amount of oleuropein compared with "Picholine". CONCLUSION Accurate quantification of oleuropein is possible using aqueous standards. Cross-validation indicates that selective analysis can equally be carried out by HPLC or by UPLC-MS techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Carrara
- Qualisud Mixed Research Unit, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mary T Kelly
- Qualisud Mixed Research Unit, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lauren Griffin
- School of Pharmacy, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Delphine Margout-Jantac
- Qualisud Mixed Research Unit, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Şahin S, Şahin E, Esenülkü G, Renda G, Gürgen SG, Alver A, Abidin İ, Cansu A. Oleuropein Has Modulatory Effects on Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Male Rats. J Nutr 2024; 154:1282-1297. [PMID: 38403251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation induced by systemic inflammation is a risk factor for developing chronic neurologic disorders. Oleuropein (OLE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effect on systemic inflammation-related neuroinflammation is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether OLE protects against systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats. METHODS Six-wk-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 5 groups: 1) control, 2) OLE-only, 3) LPS + vehicle, 4) OLE+LPS (O-LPS), and 5) a single-dose OLE + LPS (SO-LPS group). OLE 200 mg/kg or saline as a vehicle was administered via gavage for 7 d. On the seventh day, 2.5 mg/kg LPS was intraperitoneally administered. The rats were decapitated after 24 h of LPS treatment, and serum collection and tissue dissection were performed. The study assessed astrocyte and microglial activation using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD11b immunohistochemistry, nod-like receptor protein-3, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17A, and IL-4 concentrations in prefrontal and hippocampal tissues via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total antioxidant/oxidant status (TAS/TOS) in serum and tissues via spectrophotometry. RESULTS In both the O-LPS and SO-LPS groups, LPS-related activation of microglia and astrocytes was suppressed in the cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.001), excluding cortical astrocyte activation, which was suppressed only in the SO-LPS group (P < 0.001). Hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL-17A concentrations in the dentate gyrus were higher in the OLE group than those in the control group, but LPS-related increases in these concentrations were suppressed in the O-LPS group. The O-LPS group had higher cortical TAS and IL-4 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS OLE suppressed LPS-related astrocyte and microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex. The OLE-induced increase in cortical IL-4 concentrations indicates the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. OLE may also modulate astrocyte and IL-17A functions, which could explain its opposing effects on hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL-17A concentrations when administered with or without LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Elif Şahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Esenülkü
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Trabzon Kanuni Training, and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seren Gülşen Gürgen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Vocational Health Service, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İsmail Abidin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ali Cansu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ronca CL, Duque-Soto C, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Morales-Hernández ME, Olalla-Herrera M, Lozano-Sánchez J, Giménez Martínez R. Exploring the Nutritional and Bioactive Potential of Olive Leaf Residues: A Focus on Minerals and Polyphenols in the Context of Spain's Olive Oil Production. Foods 2024; 13:1036. [PMID: 38611342 PMCID: PMC11012209 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyophilized plant-origin extracts are rich in highly potent antioxidant polyphenols. In order to incorporate them into food products, it is necessary to protect these phytochemicals from atmospheric factors such as heat, light, moisture, or pH, and to enhance their bioavailability due to their low solubility. To address these challenges, recent studies have focused on the development of encapsulation techniques for antioxidant compounds within polymeric structures. In this study, lyophilized olive leaf extracts were microencapsulated with the aim of overcoming the aforementioned challenges. The method used for the preparation of the studied microparticles involves external ionic gelation carried out within a water-oil (W/O) emulsion at room temperature. HPLC analysis demonstrates a high content of polyphenols, with 90% of the bioactive compounds encapsulated. Meanwhile, quantification by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) reveals that the dried leaves, lyophilized extract, and microencapsulated form contain satisfactory levels of macro- and micro-minerals (calcium, potassium, sodium). The microencapsulation technique could be a novel strategy to harness the polyphenols and minerals of olive leaves, thus enriching food products and leveraging the antioxidant properties of the polyphenolic compounds found in the lyophilized extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L. Ronca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Federico II of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Carmen Duque-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | | | - Manuel Olalla-Herrera
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Rafael Giménez Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-S.); (C.S.-S.); (M.O.-H.); (R.G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park SM, Kim DY, Lee KH, Shin YI, Han SC, Kwon SM. Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Oleuropein-Loaded ZnO/Au Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle in 5-FU-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2675-2690. [PMID: 38505168 PMCID: PMC10948330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). However, 5-FU induces drug resistance and activation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In the present study, we designed a novel biocompatible nanomedicine system with high efficacy and biocompatibility by synthesizing mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-structured ZnO and gold ions. Oleuropein (OLP) is a phenolic compound derived from olive leaves that exerts anti-cancer effects. Therefore, we synthesized OLP-loaded ZnO/Au MSNs (ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs) and examined their anti-cancer effects on 5-FU-resistant CRC cells. Methods ZnO/Au MSNs were synthesized and functionalized, and their physical and chemical compositions were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their effects were assessed in terms of cellular proliferation capacity, migration and invasion ability, colony-forming ability, spheroid-forming ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Results ZnO/Au MSNs were mostly composed of various ions containing ZnO and gold ions, had a spheroid phenotype, and exhibited no cytotoxicity. ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs reduced cell viability and CSC formation and induced apoptosis of 5-FU-resistant CRC cells via necrosis via ROS accumulation and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs exhibited anti-cancer activity by upregulating necrosis. These results revealed that ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs are a novel drug delivery system for 5-FU CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Park
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- BK21 GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Han
- CEN Co., Ltd. Nanoconvergence Center, Muan-ro, Miryang, 761, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- BK21 GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amini-Farsani Z, Hashemi Sheikhshabani S, Shaygan N, Asgharzade S. The impact of oleuropein on miRNAs regulating cell death signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:61-71. [PMID: 37849224 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is known as the second most pervasive malignancy in women across the globe. The role played by microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of this cancer has received specific attention. The use of natural compounds leading cancer cells toward apoptosis is a feasible strategy for cancer therapy. Oleuropein, an olive-extracted phenolic substance, displays anticancer properties. Here, it was attempted to assess the role played by oleuropein in cell viability in cervical cancer and changes in the expression of some miRNAs associated with cervical cancer as well as some of their possible target genes selected using bioinformatics analysis. For this purpose, HeLa cell line was exposed to several oleuropein concentrations for 48 and 72 h. After that, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry were employed to assess cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. In addition, to conduct bioinformatics analysis, Cytoscape computer program was used based on STRING database. Furthermore, to examine the role played by oleuropein in the expression of miRNAs of interest as well as their potential target genes, real-time PCR was employed. The findings indicated that oleuropein reduced cell viability through inducing apoptosis. As a result of treatment with oleuropein, miR-34a, miR-125b, and miR-29a showed increased expression levels, whereas miR-181b, miR-221, and miR-16 showed decreased expression levels. Furthermore, oleuropein reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Mcl1, whereas it elevated the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bid, Fas, and TNFRSF10B genes and the p53 tumor suppressor. Our results indicate that the apoptosis induction is a mechanism of action of oleuropein in HeLa cells. Because of its effect on the reflation of the expression of genes and miRNAs effective in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, oleuropein shows potential as an effective research tool for developing new natural drugs for treating cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Amini-Farsani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Nasibeh Shaygan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Molecular, Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abd-Allah H, Youshia J, Abdel Jaleel GA, Hassan A, El Madani M, Nasr M. Gastroprotective Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Oleuropein: An In Vivo Proof of Concept. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:153. [PMID: 38276520 PMCID: PMC10819437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein is the main constituent of olive leaf extract, and it has shown antioxidant and gastroprotective properties against gastric ulcers. Chitosan nanoparticles are known for their mucoadhesive abilities, and consequently, they can increase the retention time of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, loading oleuropein onto chitosan nanoparticles is expected to enhance its biological efficiency. Oleuropein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and characterized for particle size, surface charge, in vitro release, and anti-inflammatory activity. Their in vivo efficacy was assessed by measuring specific inflammatory and protective biomarkers, along with histopathological examination. The optimum oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles were cationic, had a size of 174.3 ± 2.4 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 92.81%, and released 70% of oleuropein within 8 h. They recorded a lower IC50 in comparison to oleuropein solutions for membrane stabilization of RBCs (22.6 vs. 25.6 µg/mL) and lipoxygenase inhibition (7.17 vs. 15.6 µg/mL). In an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vivo model, they decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and TBARS levels by 2.1, 1.7, and 1.3 fold, respectively, in comparison to increments caused by exposure to ethanol. Moreover, they increased prostaglandin E2 and catalase enzyme levels by 2.4 and 3.8 fold, respectively. Immunohistochemical examination showed that oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles markedly lowered the expression of IL-6 and caspase-3 in gastric tissues in comparison to oleuropein solution. Overall, oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles showed superior gastroprotective effects to oleuropein solution since comparable effects were demonstrated at a 12-fold lower drug dose, delineating that chitosan nanoparticles indeed enhanced the potency of oleuropein as a gastroprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend Abd-Allah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (H.A.-A.)
| | - John Youshia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (H.A.-A.)
| | | | - Azza Hassan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (H.A.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Litewski S, Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Kusznierewicz B. Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Profiles and Selected Biological Activities of Various Morphological Parts of Ligustrum vulgare. Molecules 2024; 29:399. [PMID: 38257312 PMCID: PMC10819685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ligustrum vulgare (LV), widely cultivated in Europe and often used in hedges, has been historically recognized in folk medicine for its potential health benefits. This study focused on exploring the untargeted identification of secondary metabolites in ethanol extracts (70% v/v) from different morphological parts (young shoots, leaves, flowers and fruits) of LV at various stages of plant development, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Additionally, the selected biological activities (antioxidant activity, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition (COX-2), α-amylase inhibition and cytotoxicity) of the tested extracts were determined. Untargeted metabolomics showed that LV extracts were a rich source of phenylethanoid compounds, flavonoids, iridoids and their derivatives. The flowers of LV had the highest content of oleuropein (33.43 ± 2.48 mg/g d.w.). The lowest antioxidant activity was obtained for ripe and post-seasonal fruits, while in the case of other samples, the activity was at a similar level. All tested extracts showed α-amylase and COX-2 inhibitory activity. In addition, LV extracts showed strong antiproliferative properties in colorectal (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. The obtained results show the difference in the content of bioactive compounds in various morphological parts of Ligustrum vulgare. These differences may influence the multifaceted medicinal potential of this plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (S.L.); (I.K.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cerri L, Parri S, Dias MC, Fabiano A, Romi M, Cai G, Cantini C, Zambito Y. Olive Leaf Extracts from Three Italian Olive Cultivars Exposed to Drought Stress Differentially Protect Cells against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:77. [PMID: 38247501 PMCID: PMC10812426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are an abundant by-product of olive oil production. Olive leaf extracts (OLEs) are rich in polyphenols, which can be used for health benefits. As polyphenols are the main antioxidant molecules in plants, plants typically increase their polyphenol content when exposed to drought stress. However, the phenolic profile of OLEs can vary in relation to the origin and variety of the plant material. In this work, olive leaf extracts from three different Italian olive cultivars (Giarraffa, Leccino, and Maurino) both exposed and not exposed to drought stress were studied in terms of antioxidant properties and profile, intestinal permeation, and protection against oxidative stress of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), since HUVECs are considered a model to study a wide range of diseases. OLEs from stressed Maurino and Giarraffa plants showed the highest increase in antioxidant capacity compared to controls. The phenolic profile of Maurino' was mainly increased by water deficit, with a large increase in the compounds oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside. All tested extracts exposed to a water deficit protected HUVECs against oxidative stress by reducing ROS production, and this effect was more pronounced in OLEs from Giarraffa and Maurino exposed to drought stress compared to all other extracts. Finally, OLE from the stressed Giarraffa group showed a higher apparent permeability of antioxidant molecules than that of Maurino.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cerri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Sara Parri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Angela Fabiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudio Cantini
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Strada Provinciale Aurelia Vecchia 49, 58022 Follonica, Italy;
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.C.); (A.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Research Centre for Nutraceutical and Healthy Foods “NUTRAFOOD”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pirković A, Jovanović Krivokuća M, Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D. Oleuropein Stimulates Migration of Human Trophoblast Cells and Expression of Invasion-Associated Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:500. [PMID: 38203672 PMCID: PMC10779171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy establishment requires highly synchronized cross talk between the invasive trophoblast cells and the receptive maternal endometrium. Any disturbances in this tightly regulated process may lead to pregnancy complications. Local factors such as nutrients, hormones, cytokines and reactive oxygen species modulate the invasion of extravillous trophoblasts through critical signaling cascades. Epidemiological studies strongly indicate that a Mediterranean diet can significantly impact molecular pathways during placentation. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether oleuropein (OLE), one of the main compounds of the Mediterranean diet, may influence trophoblast cell adhesion and migration, as well as the expression of invasion-associated molecular markers and inflammatory pathways fostering these processes. HTR-8/SVneo cells were incubated with OLE at selected concentrations of 10 and 100 µM for 24 h. Results showed that OLE did not affect trophoblast cell viability, proliferation and adhesion after 24 h in in vitro treatment. The mRNA expression of integrin subunits α1, α5 and β1, as well as matrix-degrading enzymes MMP-2 and -9, was significantly increased after treatment with 10 µM OLE. Furthermore, OLE at a concentration of 10 µM significantly increased the protein expression of integrin subunits α1 and β1. Also, OLE inhibited the activation of JNK and reduced the protein expression of COX-2. Finally, a lower concentration of OLE 10 µM significantly stimulated migration of HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, the obtained results demonstrate the effects of OLE on the function of trophoblast cells by promoting cell migration and stimulating the expression of invasion markers. As suggested from results, these effects may be mediated via inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dragana Dekanski
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (M.J.K.); (A.V.); (M.N.-A.); (Ž.B.-T.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marrone G, Urciuoli S, Candi E, Bernini R, Vanni G, Masci C, Guerriero C, Mancini M, De Lorenzo A, Vignolini P, Noce A. Biological Activities of Molecules Derived from Olea europaea L. Tested In Vitro. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:49. [PMID: 38255664 PMCID: PMC10820526 DOI: 10.3390/life14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra virgin olive oil is a typical food of the Mediterranean area, obtained by pressing Olea europaea L. fruits. Its polyphenols have been studied for their antioxidant function and protective action against cancer and chronic kidney disease. In this in vitro study, we tested titrated extracts from Olea europaea L. on a human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293E) cell line, regarding their pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative capacities, using " IncuCyte® S3 Live-Cell Analysis System". MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected Olea europaea L. active compounds like hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OLE). These extracts were tested at different concentrations and characterized by HPLC-DAD-MS for the content in secondary active metabolites. The real-time observation of cell behavior was performed by IncuCyte, which can quantitatively analyze the cell proliferation and death. RESULTS This study showed that all the tested extracts can significantly inhibit cellular growth at 50 µM but the reduced proliferation is not related to an increase in cellular apoptosis. Instead, the same analysis performed by using extracts at 100 µM reveals that they can inhibit cellular growth, further inducing cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results on the HEK-293E cells confirmed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions of active compounds from an Olea europaea L. matrix in this cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)—DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.)
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermatopatico Dell’Immacolata—IDI, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vanni
- Breast Unit, Department of Surgical Science, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Masci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Guerriero
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- Istituto Dermatopatico Dell’Immacolata—IDI, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vignolini
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)—DiSIA, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy; (S.U.)
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen C, Zhou X, Jin J, Ye J, Li D, Gan L, Wu R. Oleuropein-Rich Jasminum Grandiflorum Flower Extract Regulates the LKB1-PGC-1α Axis Related to the Attenuation of Hepatocellular Lipid Dysmetabolism. Nutrients 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 38201888 PMCID: PMC10780778 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets() rich in fat are a major() cause() of metabolic disease(), and nutritional() food has been widely() used() to counteract the metabolic disorders such() as obesity() and fatty() liver(). The present study investigated the effects of oleuropein-enriched extract() from Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers (OLE-JGF) in high-fat diet() (HFD)-fed mice and oleic acid() (OA)-treated AML-12 cells. Treatment() of HFD-fed mice with 0.6% OLE-JGF for 8 weeks significantly reduced body and liver() weights, as well as attenuating lipid dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. OLE-JGF administration() prominently suppressed the mRNA expressions() of monocyte chemoattractant protein()-1 (MCP-1) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and it also downregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty() acid() synthase (FAS) as well as sterol-regulatory-element()-binding protein() (SREBP-1c) in the liver(). Meanwhile, mitochondrial DNA and uncoupling protein() 2 (UCP2) were upregulated along with the increased expression() of mitochondrial biogenic promoters including liver() kinase B1 (LKB1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear() factor()-erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and mitochondrial transcription factor() A (Tfam), but did not change AMP-activated protein() kinase (AMPK) in liver(). The lipid droplets were decreased significantly after treatment() with 80 μM oleuropein for 24 h in OA-induced AML-12 cells. Furthermore, oleuropein significantly inhibited ACC mRNA expression() and upregulated LKB1, PGC-1α, and Tfam mRNA levels, as well as increasing the binding level of LKB1 to PGC-1α promoter in OA-induced cells. These findings indicate() that OLE-JGF reduces hepatic lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, as well as the fact that OA-induced liver() cells may be partly() attributed to upregulation of the LKB1-PGC-1α axis, which mediates hepatic lipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Our study provides a scientific() basis() for the benefits and potential() use() of the J. grandiflorum flower as a food supplement() for the prevention() and treatment() of metabolic disease().
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Hou
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Yapeng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Caihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Xiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jiming Ye
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Rihui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bergonzi MC, De Stefani C, Vasarri M, Ivanova Stojcheva E, Ramos-Pineda AM, Baldi F, Bilia AR, Degl’Innocenti D. Encapsulation of Olive Leaf Polyphenol-Rich Extract in Polymeric Micelles to Improve Its Intestinal Permeability. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:3147. [PMID: 38133044 PMCID: PMC10745506 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, polymeric micelles were developed to improve the intestinal permeability of an extract of Olea europaea L. leaf with a high content of total polyphenols (49% w/w), with 41% w/w corresponding to the oleuropein amount. A pre-formulation study was conducted to obtain a stable formulation with a high loading capacity for extract. The freeze-drying process was considered to improve the stability of the formulation during storage. Micelles were characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and in vitro release. The optimized system consisted of 15 mg/mL of extract, 20 mg/mL of Pluronic L121, 20 mg/mL of Pluronic F68, and 10 mg/mL of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), with dimensions of 14.21 ± 0.14 nm, a polydisersity index (PdI) of 0.19 ± 0.05 and an encapsulation efficiency of 66.21 ± 1.11%. The influence of the micelles on polyphenol permeability was evaluated using both Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) and the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In both assays, the polymeric micelles improved the permeation of polyphenols, as demonstrated by the increase in Pe and Papp values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Chiara De Stefani
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | | | | | - Francesco Baldi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.D.S.); (M.V.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Donatella Degl’Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pyrka I, Koutra C, Siderakis V, Stathopoulos P, Skaltsounis AL, Nenadis N. Exploring the Bioactive Content of Liquid Waste and Byproducts Produced by Two-Phase Olive Mills in Laconia (Greece): Is There a Prospect for Added-Value Applications? Foods 2023; 12:4421. [PMID: 38137225 PMCID: PMC10742542 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a two-phase decanter (TwPD) for olive-oil extraction produces wastes and byproducts (a small volume of water from oil washing, olive leaves from the defoliator, and a high moisture pomace which can be destoned) that contain valuable bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and/or triterpenic acids. So far, there is no (water) or limited information (leaves and the destoned pomace fraction) on their content of bioactives, especially triterpenic acids. To contribute to the characterization of such streams from cultivars of international interest, in the present study, samples obtained from five mills from the region of Laconia (from one or two harvests) in Greece, where Koroneiki cv dominates, were screened for phenols and/or triterpenic acids. The leaves and pomace were dried at two temperatures (70 °C and/or 140 °C), and the pomace was also destoned before analysis. The liquid wastes contained low amounts of total (TPC) phenols (<140 mg gallic acid/L), hydroxytyrosol (<44 mg/L), and tyrosol (<33 mg/L). The olive leaves varied widely in TPC (12.8-57.4 mg gallic acid/g dry leaf) and oleuropein (0.4-56.8 mg/g dry leaf) but contained an appreciable amount of triterpenic acids, mainly oleanolic acid (~12.5-31 mg/g dry leaf, respectively). A higher drying temperature (140 vs. 70 °C) affected rather positively the TPC/oleuropein content, whereas triterpenic acids were unaffected. The destoned pomace TPC was 15.5-22.0 mg gallic acid/g dw, hydroxytyrosol 3.9-5.6 mg/g dw, and maslinic 5.5-19.3 mg/g dw. Drying at 140 °C preserved better its bioactive phenols, whereas triterpenic acids were not influenced. The present findings indicate that TwPD streams may have a prospect as a source of bioactives for added-value applications. Material handling, including drying conditions, may be critical but only for phenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pyrka
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christina Koutra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (V.S.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Vasileios Siderakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (V.S.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (V.S.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (V.S.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Nenadis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Benčić Đ, Barbarić M, Mornar A, Klarić DA, Brozovic A, Dabelić S, Fadljević M, Marković AK. Oleuropein in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts: stability and biological activity in human cervical carcinoma and melanoma cells. Acta Pharm 2023; 73:601-616. [PMID: 38147483 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaves as a main byproduct of olive oil and fruit industry are a valuable source of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, with multiple biomedical effects. Apart from leaves, olive branches and stems make up a significant amount of olive waste. It is well known that the drying process and long-term storage affect the stability and concentration of polyphenols present in raw materials. For that matter, two different means of storing olive waste, at room temperature and +4 °C, were compared by determining the content of the polyphenol oleuropein (OLE) in olive leaf, branch, and stem extracts (LE, BE, and SE) by HPLC-DAD method. Total phenols (TPC), o-diphenols (o-DPC), and total flavonoids (TFC) content in extracts were assessed by UV-Vis measurements. LE prepared from leaves stored at +4 °C had the highest OLE content, 30.7 mg g-1 of dry extract (DE). SE from stems stored at +4 °C was the richest in TPC and TFC (193 mg GAE/g DE and 82.9 mg CE/g DE, respectively), due to the higher purity of the extract. The biological activity of extracts was determined on cervical cancer (HeLa), melanoma (A375), metastatic melanoma (A375M) tumor cell lines, and on spontaneously immortalized cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT), using the MTT assay. The data show that all extracts had a similar dose-dependent effect on cell viability in HeLa cells, while the effect of LE on melanoma A375 and A375M, and HaCaT cells was cell-line dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Đani Benčić
- 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Barbarić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Mornar
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Sanja Dabelić
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Fadljević
- 2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Noureldein M, Grigorakis S, Kellil A, Nenadis N. White rice enrichment with phenols upon cooking in olive leaf infusion: a preliminary study. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7403-7410. [PMID: 37384660 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White rice is poor in health-promoting phytochemicals; therefore, the production of a phenol-enriched commodity is highly desirable. Recent findings on its enrichment via cooking in plant extracts are promising, yet studies employing aqueous extracts of olive leaves (OLs), containing well-recognized bioactive phenols (e.g. oleuropein) are absent. In addition, little is known about the levels of phenols that are maintained after rice drying and rehydration, an important aspect for the future design of 'ready-to-eat' functional rice. RESULTS The examination, for the first time, of white rice adsorption capacity of phenols from OLs upon cooking in infusions containing different levels of phenols, after freeze-drying and rehydration, showed the following: (i) the total phenol content, the antioxidant activity (assessed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays), the oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-glucoside levels increased dose dependently; (ii) upon rehydration, the average decrease of total phenol content and antioxidant activity values was significantly lower when an exact volume of water was used compared with an excess (~10% versus 63%). A similar trend was observed for oleuropein (36% versus 83%) and the luteolin-7-O-glucoside (24 versus 82%) levels; (iii) the dried enriched kernels were less bright with a hay-yellow hue (CIELab coordinates). CONCLUSION White rice enrichment with biophenols from OLs, a by-product of olive tree cultivation, was successful using a simple approach. Despite leaching upon freeze-drying/rehydration, sufficient amounts were maintained to obtain a functional rice that could serve as an alternative dietary source of OLs phenols to non-traditional olive tree product consumers or those refraining from sodium and fats. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Noureldein
- Department of Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M. A. I. Ch.), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Chania, Greece
| | - Spyros Grigorakis
- Department of Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M. A. I. Ch.), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Chania, Greece
| | - Abdessamie Kellil
- Department of Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (M. A. I. Ch.), International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Chania, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nenadis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo W, Xu Y, Yang Y, Xiang J, Chen J, Luo D, Xie Q. Antibiofilm Effects of Oleuropein against Staphylococcus aureus: An In Vitro Study. Foods 2023; 12:4301. [PMID: 38231779 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has posed a huge threat to human health and the economy. Oleuropein has antibacterial activities against various microorganisms but research on its effect on the S. aureus biofilm is limited. This research aimed to estimate the antibiofilm activities of oleuropein against S. aureus. The results suggest that the minimum inhibitory concentration of oleuropein against S. aureus ATCC 25923 was 3 mg/mL. The biomass of biofilms formed on the microplates and coverslips and the viability of bacteria were significantly reduced after the treatment with oleuropein. The scanning electron microscopy observation results indicated that the stacking thickness and density of the biofilm decreased when S. aureus was exposed to oleuropein. It had a bactericidal effect on biofilm bacteria and removed polysaccharides and proteins from mature biofilms. The effects of oleuropein on the biofilm could be explained by a reduction in bacterial secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and a change in bacterial surface hydrophobicity. Based on the above findings, oleuropein has the potential to be used against food pollution caused by S. aureus biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jinle Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Denglin Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Junkins K, Rodgers M, Phelan SA. Oleuropein Induces Cytotoxicity and Peroxiredoxin Over-expression in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:4333-4339. [PMID: 37772594 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM As a fundamental staple of the Mediterranean diet, olive oil has long been recognized for its health benefits, including its ability to reduce cardiovascular and neurological disease. Oleuropein is the primary phenolic chemical found in all parts of the olive tree, especially in the leaves and fruit. Oleuropein exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has been associated with cancer inhibition in various animal and cell models. We investigated the effects of oleuropein on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, and compared it to the non-cancerous MCF-10A breast epithelial line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both cell lines were treated with two different concentrations of oleuropein for 48 and 72 hours. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and peroxiredoxin expression were measured. RESULTS Forty-eight hours of oleuropein treatment induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, whereas it had no effect on MCF-10A cells. Furthermore, oleuropein-induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells involved a measurable increase in apoptosis. Oleuropein treatment of MCF-7 cells significantly and dramatically increased expression of all six peroxiredoxin mRNAs (Prdx1-Prdx6), whereas oleuropein treatment of MCF-10A cells resulted in only a small increase in Prdx1 and Prdx6 expression, with no change in the expression of the other peroxiredoxins. Together, these data demonstrate differential susceptibility to oleuropein-induced cell death between the two lines, and differential regulation of peroxiredoxins. CONCLUSION Oleuropein-induced over-expression of peroxiredoxins in MCF-7 cells may either facilitate its cancer-specific cytotoxicity or, alternatively, is a consequence of an altered response of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Junkins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Margaret Rodgers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - Shelley A Phelan
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Torrecillas-Baena B, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Carmona-Luque MD, Dorado G, Berenguer-Pérez M, Quesada-Gómez JM, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Casado-Díaz A. Comparative Study of the Efficacy of EHO-85, a Hydrogel Containing Olive Tree ( Olea europaea) Leaf Extract, in Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13328. [PMID: 37686133 PMCID: PMC10487427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaf extract (OELE) has important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its use in human clinical practice. We recently designed an amorphous hydrogel called EHO-85 (EHO indicates olive leaf extract in Spanish) containing OELE for skin ulcer treatments. Yet, its effectiveness has not been previously compared with other products used in routine clinical practice. This is necessary to evaluate its potential translation to the human clinic. Thus, in this study, the effect of EHO-85 on healing was evaluated in comparison with treatments containing Indian/Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica), hyaluronic acid, or dexpanthenol in a rat model. The speed of wound closure and histological parameters after seven and 14 days were analyzed. All treatments accelerated wound closure, but there were differences between them. Dexpanthenol after seven days produced the highest epithelialization and the lowest inflammation and vascularization. EHO-85 also promoted epithelialization and reduced vascularization. After 14 days, wounds treated with EHO-85 showed less inflammation and higher levels of collagen in the extracellular matrix. This indicates a higher degree of maturity in the regenerated tissue. In conclusion, the effect of EHO-85 on healing was equal to or superior to that of other treatments routinely used in human clinical practice. Therefore, these results, together with previous data on the effects of this hydrogel on ulcer healing in humans, indicate that EHO-85 is a suitable, low-cost, and efficient therapeutic option for wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Carmona-Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miriam Berenguer-Pérez
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Malliou F, Andriopoulou CE, Kofinas A, Katsogridaki A, Leondaritis G, Gonzalez FJ, Michaelidis TM, Darsinou M, Skaltsounis LA, Konstandi M. Oleuropein Promotes Neural Plasticity and Neuroprotection via PPARα-Dependent and Independent Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2250. [PMID: 37626746 PMCID: PMC10452728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olives, displays a pleiotropic beneficial dynamic in health and disease; the effects are based mainly on its antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties, and its capacity to protect the myocardium during ischemia. Furthermore, OLE activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) in neurons and astrocytes, providing neuroprotection against noxious biological reactions that are induced following cerebral ischemia. The current study investigated the effect of OLE in the regulation of various neural plasticity indices, emphasizing the role of PPARα. For this purpose, 129/Sv wild-type (WT) and Pparα-null mice were treated with OLE for three weeks. The findings revealed that chronic treatment with OLE up-regulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice via activation of the ERK1/2, AKT and PKA/CREB signaling pathways. No similar effects were observed in the hippocampus. The OLE-induced effects on BDNF and TrkB appear to be mediated by PPARα, because no similar alterations were observed in the PFC of Pparα-null mice. Notably, OLE did not affect the neurotrophic factors NT3 and NT4/5 in both brain tissues. However, fenofibrate, a selective PPARα agonist, up-regulated BDNF and NT3 in the PFC of mice, whereas the drug induced NT4/5 in both brain sites tested. Interestingly, OLE provided neuroprotection in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid and H2O2 toxicity independently from PPARα activation. In conclusion, OLE and similar drugs, acting either as PPARα agonists or via PPARα independent mechanisms, could improve synaptic function/plasticity mainly in the PFC and to a lesser extent in the hippocampus, thus beneficially affecting cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Malliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Christina E. Andriopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Aristeidis Kofinas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Allena Katsogridaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - George Leondaritis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Institute of Biosciences (I.BS.), University Research Center of Ioannina (U.R.C.I.), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Theologos M. Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (T.M.M.); (M.D.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marousa Darsinou
- Department of Biological Applications & Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (T.M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Leandros A. Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (F.M.); (C.E.A.); (A.K.); (A.K.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohammed OA, Abdel-Reheim MA, Saleh LA, Alamri MMS, Alfaifi J, Adam MIE, Farrag AA, AlQahtani AAJ, BinAfif WF, Hashish AA, Abdel-Ghany S, Elmorsy EA, El-wakeel HS, Doghish AS, Hamad RS, Saber S. Alvespimycin Exhibits Potential Anti-TGF-β Signaling in the Setting of a Proteasome Activator in Rats with Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Promising Novel Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1123. [PMID: 37631038 PMCID: PMC10458542 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible and life-threatening lung disease of unknown etiology presenting only a few treatment options. TGF-β signaling orchestrates a cascade of events driving pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Notably, recent research has affirmed the augmentation of TGF-β receptor (TβR) signaling via HSP90 activation. HSP90, a molecular chaperone, adeptly stabilizes and folds TβRs, thus intricately regulating TGF-β1 signaling. Our investigation illuminated the impact of alvespimycin, an HSP90 inhibitor, on TGF-β-mediated transcriptional responses by inducing destabilization of TβRs. This outcome stems from the explicit interaction of TβR subtypes I and II with HSP90, where they are clients of this cellular chaperone. It is worth noting that regulation of proteasome-dependent degradation of TβRs is a critical standpoint in the termination of TGF-β signal transduction. Oleuropein, the principal bioactive compound found in Olea europaea, is acknowledged for its role as a proteasome activator. In this study, our aim was to explore the efficacy of a combined therapy involving oleuropein and alvespimycin for the treatment of PF. We employed a PF rat model that was induced by intratracheal bleomycin infusion. The application of this dual therapy yielded a noteworthy impediment to the undesired activation of TGF-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homologs 2 and 3 (SMAD2/3) signaling. Consequently, this novel combination showcased improvements in both lung tissue structure and function while also effectively restraining key fibrosis markers such as PDGF-BB, TIMP-1, ACTA2, col1a1, and hydroxyproline. On a mechanistic level, our findings unveiled that the antifibrotic impact of this combination therapy likely stemmed from the enhanced degradation of both TβRI and TβRII. In conclusion, the utilization of proteasomal activators in conjunction with HSP90 inhibitors ushers in a promising frontier for the management of PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Lobna A. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Masoud I. E. Adam
- Department of Medical Education and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alshaimaa A. Farrag
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdulElah Al Jarallah AlQahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waad Fuad BinAfif
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Hashish
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sameh Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.A.-G.); (E.A.E.)
| | - Elsayed A. Elmorsy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (S.A.-G.); (E.A.E.)
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Qassim College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend S. El-wakeel
- Physiology Department, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
- Physiology Department, Albaha Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Al Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mahmood TH, Al-Samydai A, Sulaibi MA, Alqaraleh M, Abed AI, Shalan N, Alsanabrah A, Alsotari ST, Nsairat H, Alshaer W. Development of Pegylated Nano-Phytosome Formulation with Oleuropein and Rutin to Compare Anti-Colonic Cancer Activity with Olea Europaea Leaves Extract. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300534. [PMID: 37498138 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaf extract is a valuable source of phenolic compounds; primarily, oleuropein (major component) and rutin. This natural olive leaf extract has potential use as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor pharmacokinetics and low stability. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to enhance the anticancer activity and stability of oleuropein and rutin by loading them into PEGylated Nano-phytosomes. The developed PEGylated Nano-phytosomes exhibited favorable characteristics in terms of size, charge, and stability. Notably, the anticolonic cancer activity of the Pegylated Nano-phytosomes loaded with oleuropein (IC50=0.14 μM) and rutin (IC50=0.44 μM) surpassed that of pure oleuropein and rutin alone. This outcome highlights the advantageous impact of Nano-phytosomes to augment the anticancer potential of oleuropein and rutin. These results present a promising pathway for the future development of oleuropein and rutin Nano-phytosomes as effective options for passive tumor-targeted therapy, given their improved stability and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabarek H Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ali Al-Samydai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mazen Al Sulaibi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Moath Alqaraleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anas Ibrahim Abed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Naeem Shalan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa Alsanabrah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Romero-Márquez JM, Navarro-Hortal MD, Forbes-Hernández TY, Varela-López A, Puentes JG, Pino-García RD, Sánchez-González C, Elio I, Battino M, García R, Sánchez S, Quiles JL. Exploring the Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Olive Leaf Extracts from Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Italy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1538. [PMID: 37627533 PMCID: PMC10451848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) are one of the major solid wastes from the olive industry. Globally, the European Union is the largest producer of olive by-products, with Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal accounting for almost the entire production. Many questions remain to be solved concerning olive leaves (OL), including those related to possible differences in composition and/or biological activities depending on their geographical origin. In the present work, OL from Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal have been characterized according to their phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, neuroprotective activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. The Spanish and Italian OL samples presented the highest antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, while the Greek OL showed the lowest. These results were strongly associated with the content of oleoside methyl ester and p-hydroxybenzoic acid for the Spanish and Italian samples, respectively, whereas the content of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid dialdehyde form (hydrated) was negatively associated with the mentioned biological activities of the Greek samples. No country-related effect was observed in the anti-inflammatory activity of OL. Comprehensively, this work could provide a useful tool for manufacturers and R&D departments in making environmentally friendly decisions on how OL can be used to generate nutraceutical products based on the composition and origin of this by-product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.V.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.V.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.V.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.V.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Juan G. Puentes
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.G.P.); (R.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Raquel Del Pino-García
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.V.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Elio
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Roberto García
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.G.P.); (R.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastián Sánchez
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (J.G.P.); (R.G.); (S.S.)
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.V.-L.); (C.S.-G.)
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.E.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pojero F, Gervasi F, Fiore SD, Aiello A, Bonacci S, Caldarella R, Attanzio A, Candore G, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Procopio A, Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Accardi G. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Age-Related Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11029. [PMID: 37446206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence and inflammaging facilitate the insurgence of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is a non-invasive intervention to improve the chronic low-grade inflammatory status associated with aging. Olive oil oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) demonstrated a controversial modulatory action on inflammation in vitro when tested at concentrations exceeding those detectable in human plasma. We studied the potential anti-inflammatory effects of OLE and HT at nutritionally relevant concentrations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as regards cell viability, frequency of leukocyte subsets, and cytokine release, performing an age-focused analysis on two groups of subjects: Adult (age 18-64 years) and Senior (age ≥ 65 years). OLE and HT were used alone or as a pre-treatment before challenging PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both polyphenols had no effect on cell viability irrespective of LPS, but 5 µM HT had an LPS-like effect on monocytes, reducing the intermediate subset in Adult subjects. OLE and HT had no effect on LPS-triggered release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, but 5 µM HT reduced IL-10 secretion by PBMCs from Adult vs. Senior group. In summary, nutritionally relevant concentrations of OLE and HT elicit no anti-inflammatory effect and influence the frequency of immune cell subsets with age-related different outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialistic Oncology Laboratory Unit, ARNAS Hospitals Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Davide Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bahri S, Abidi A, Nahdi A, Abdennabi R, Mlika M, Ben Ali R, Jameleddine S. Olea europaea L. Leaf Extract Alleviates Fibrosis Progression and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bleomycin on a Murine Model of Lung Fibrosis. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231200972. [PMID: 37667683 PMCID: PMC10475267 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231200972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of industrial Olea europaea L. leaf extract (OLE) against bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with a single intratracheal injection of BLM (4 mg/kg) and a daily intraperitoneal injection of OLE (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Results of HPLC and LC-MS analysis revealed a large amount of oleuropein (15.43%/DW) in OLE. BLM induced apparent damage of lung architecture with condensed collagen bundles, increased lipid peroxidation which has been deduced from malondialdehyde (MDA) levels: (.9 ± .13 vs .25 ± .12 nmol/mg protein) and hydroxyproline content (.601 ± .22 vs .154 ± .139 mg/g of lung tissue) and decreased catalase (CAT) (5.93.10-5 ± 4.23.10-5 vs 6.41.10-4 ± 2.33.10-4 μmol/min/mg protein) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (28.73 ± 3.34 vs 50.13 ± 2.1 USOD/min/mg protein) levels compared to the control. OLE treatment (40 mg/kg) stabilized MDA content (.32 ± .15 and .27 ± .13 vs .9 ± .13 nmol/mg protein), normalized SOD (61.27 ± 13.37 vs 28.73 ± 3.34 USOD/min/mg protein), and CAT (5.2.10-4 ±1.8.10-4 vs 5.93.10-5 ± 4.23.10-5 μmol/min/mg protein) activities and counteracted collagen accumulation and hydroxyproline content (.222 ± .07 vs .601 ± .22 mg/g of lung tissue) in the lung parenchyma. Finally, OLE might have a potent protective effect against PF by regulating oxidative parameters and attenuating collagen deposition, due to the existence of large amount of bioactive phenolic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Quality Control, HERBES DE TUNISIE, Company AYACHI-Group, Mansoura, Siliana-Tunisia
| | - Anouar Abidi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Unit of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources of the Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Afef Nahdi
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raed Abdennabi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mona Mlika
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathology, Abderhaman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zakraoui M, Hannachi H, Pasković I, Vidović N, Polić Pasković M, Palčić I, Major N, Goreta Ban S, Hamrouni L. Effect of Geographical Location on the Phenolic and Mineral Composition of Chetoui Olive Leaves. Foods 2023; 12:2565. [PMID: 37444304 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of pedological parameters and variation of altitude on the mineral nutrients, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of olive leaves. Samples of the Chetoui cultivar were collected from eight geographical locations with different altitudes. Levels of phenolic compounds varied according to the altitude. Classification of the locations revealed that altitude 1 (>500 m) was characterized by high levels of secoiridoids and simple phenols, while altitude 2 (500-300 m) and altitude 3 (<300 m) were higher in flavonoids. Levels of Mn, Ca and B in the leaves and level of Zn in the soil were significantly correlated with the abundance of oleuropein and luteolin-7-O glucoside, the most important phenols in Chetoui olive leaves. The results suggest that, in addition to pedological criteria, environmental conditions also influence the formation of phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Zakraoui
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Researches Institute of Water, Forests and Rural Engineering, University of Carthage, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Hédia Hannachi
- Laboratory of Vegetable Productivity and Environmental Constraint, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2029, Tunisia
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Vidović
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Igor Palčić
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Nikola Major
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Researches Institute of Water, Forests and Rural Engineering, University of Carthage, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khalil AA, Rahman MM, Rauf A, Islam MR, Manna SJ, Khan AA, Ullah S, Akhtar MN, Aljohani ASM, Abdulmonem WA, Simal-Gandara J. Oleuropein: Chemistry, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives-An update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37272499 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2218495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olive family (Oleaceae) contains several species among which Olea europaea L. is mostly used for production of olive oils. Various parts of olive tree are rich source of diverse bioactive compounds such as Apigenin, elenolic acid, Hydroxytyrosol, Ligstroside, Oleoside, Oleuropein, Oleuropein aglycone, Tyrosol, etc. Among these, oleuropein, a secoiridoid is predominantly found in olive leaves and young olive fruits of different species of Oleaceae family. Scientists have adopted numerous extraction methods (conventional & latest) to increase the yield of oleuropein. Among these techniques, maceration, soxhlet, microwave-assisted, ultrasonication, and supercritical fluid methods are most commonly employed for extraction of oleuropein. Evidently, this review emphasizes on various in-vitro and in-vivo studies focusing on nutraceutical properties of oleuropein. Available literature highlights the pharmaceutical potential of oleuropein against various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular complications, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, microbial infections, and oxidation. This review will benefit the scientific community as it narrates comprehensive literature regarding absorption, metabolism, bioavailability, extraction techniques, and nutraceutical perspectives associated with oleuropein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Juhara Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ammar Ahmed Khan
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samee Ullah
- University Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Busto F, Licini C, Luccarini A, Damiani E, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Cometa S, De Giglio E. Oleuropein-Rich Gellan Gum/Alginate Films as Innovative Treatments against Photo-Induced Skin Aging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114352. [PMID: 37298828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea L. leaf extracts (OLEs) represent highly value-added agro-industrial byproducts, being promising sources of significant antioxidant compounds, such as their main component, oleuropein. In this work, hydrogel films based on low-acyl gellan gum (GG) blended with sodium alginate (NaALG) were loaded with OLE and crosslinked with tartaric acid (TA). The films' ability to act as an antioxidant and photoprotectant against UVA-induced photoaging, thanks to their capability to convey oleuropein to the skin, were examined with the aim of a potential application as facial masks. Biological in vitro performances of the proposed materials were tested on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NhDFs), both under normal conditions and after aging-induced UVA treatment. Overall, our results clearly show the intriguing properties of the proposed hydrogels as effective and fully naturally formulated anti-photoaging smart materials for potential use as facial masks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Busto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Licini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Luccarini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pirković A, Lazić V, Spremo-Potparević B, Živković L, Topalović D, Kuzman S, Antić-Stanković J, Božić D, Jovanović-Krivokuća M, Nedeljković JM. Comparative analysis of Ag NPs functionalized with olive leaf extract and oleuropein and toxicity in human trophoblast cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 2023:7179780. [PMID: 37228020 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry olive leaf extract (DOLE) and its active component oleuropein (OLE) were applied as reducing and stabilizing agents to prepare colloidal 20-25 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The Ag NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and absorption spectroscopy. The cytotoxic actions of coated Ag NPs, and their inorganic and organic components, were examined against trophoblast cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. The genotoxic potential was evaluated in PBLs in vitro with the comet assay. Ag/DOLE and Ag/OLE induced cytotoxic effects in both types of cells after 24h exposure when silver concentrations were 0.025 - 0.2 mM. However, the most pronounced cytotoxicity exhibits Ag/OLE. Both colloids also caused reduced ROS production in both cell types at 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM, while bare AgNPs did not alter ROS levels at any of the conditions. Functionalized Ag/DOLE and Ag/OLE did not show genotoxic effects in PBLs, while bare AgNPs increased DNA damage significantly only at 0.2 mM. Regarding the antimicrobial effects, the Ag/OLE had MIC values for all evaluated microorganisms from 0.0625 to less than 0.0312 mM. Also, the antimicrobial effect of Ag/DOLE was significantly higher on Gram-negative bacteria and yeast than on Gram-positive bacteria. Obtained results indicate that Ag/OLE induced the most pronounced biological effects, beneficial for its application as an antimicrobial agent, but with potential risks from exposure to high concentrations that could induce cytotoxicity in healthy human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pirković
- University of Belgrade, INEP Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Lazić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Photoconversion, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Lada Živković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathobiology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dijana Topalović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathobiology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kuzman
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Photoconversion, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Antić-Stanković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Božić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Jovanović-Krivokuća
- University of Belgrade, INEP Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Biology of Reproduction, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan M Nedeljković
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Photoconversion, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Colzi I, Marone E, Luti S, Pazzagli L, Mancuso S, Taiti C. Metabolic Responses in Leaves of 15 Italian Olive Cultivars in Correspondence to Variable Climatic Elements. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1953. [PMID: 37653870 PMCID: PMC10221759 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the metabolic changes that occurred in olive leaves as responses over time to variations in climatic elements. Rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation data were collected over 4 months (August-November) to assess the impact of different climatic trends on the metabolism of the leaves of 15 Italian olive cultivars, cultivated at the experimental farm of the University of Florence. The net photosynthetic rate (AN) and stomatal conductance (gs), measured as main indicators of primary metabolism, were mainly influenced by the "cultivar" effect compared to the "climate" effect. The lowest AN value was showed by "Bianchera", while "Ascolana" recorded the highest (8.6 and 13.6 µmol CO2 m-2s-1, respectively). On the other hand, the secondary metabolism indicators, volatile organic compound (VOC) and oleuropein (OL) content, were much more influenced by climate trends, especially rainfall. A phase of high rainfall caused a significant increase in the VOCs emission from leaves, even with different behaviors among the genotypes. The highest differences were observed between "Maiatica di Ferrandina", with the highest average values (~85,000 npcs), and "Frantoio", which showed the lowest (~22,700 npcs). The OL content underwent considerable fluctuations in relation to the rainfall but also appeared to be controlled by the genotype. "Coratina" always showed the highest OL concentration (reaching the maximum ~98 mg g-1), indicating the great potential of this cultivar for the industrial recovery of OL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elettra Marone
- Department of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Cosimo Taiti
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cecchi L, Ghizzani G, Bellumori M, Lammi C, Zanoni B, Mulinacci N. Virgin Olive Oil By-Product Valorization: An Insight into the Phenolic Composition of Olive Seed Extracts from Three Cultivars as Sources of Bioactive Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062776. [PMID: 36985747 PMCID: PMC10059698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Olives are very rich in phenolic compounds with important health-promoting properties. The profile and content of phenols in olive pulp and virgin olive oil are strongly influenced by the fruit ripening degree, but little is known concerning the evolution of phenolic compounds in the seed. In this work, the phenolic composition of seed from Tuscan cultivars (Frantoio, Moraiolo, Leccino) was studied over maturation. Starting from each seed sample, a phenolic extract was prepared and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS. Nüzhenide and nüzhenide 11-methyl oleoside were by far the most abundant phenolic compounds; their content reached up to 46 g/kg in dry seeds, although this diminished in the final stage of fruit maturation. At the same time, the phenolic composition of the pulp was also characterized over the course of maturation, showing that oleuropein was by far the most abundant compound, with concentrations comparable to those of nüzhenide and nüzhenide 11-methyl oleoside in the seeds. Overall, the total amount of phenols in seed dry extracts was significant, reaching approx. 100 g/kg. The chemically characterized dry phenolic extracts from seeds could be used for future biological assays aimed at evaluating the potential bioactivities of these phytocomplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cecchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems Management (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 16, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Ghizzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Zanoni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Systems Management (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale Delle Cascine 16, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gonzalez-Ortega R, Di Mattia CD, Pittia P, Natasa PU. Effect of heat treatment on phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity of olive leaf extract at different pH conditions: a spectroscopic and kinetic study. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:2047-2056. [PMID: 36461135 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focused on the effect of isothermal treatment (5-90 °C) and pH (2.0-6.0) of aqueous olive leaf phenolic extract solutions on the kinetics of degradation of single and total phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity, with the objective of predicting and optimizing the thermal treatments in foods enriched with olive leaf extracts. RESULTS The major compound, oleuropein, showed higher degradation at low pH 2.0 and temperature-dependent reaction rates, which fitted well a first-order kinetic model, with an estimated activation energy of 98.03 ± 0.08 kJ mol-1 . Oleuropein hydrolysis resulted in a zero-order increase in hydroxytyrosol concentration at same pH (Ea = 71.59 ± 1.5 kJ mol-1 ), whereas a 100-fold slower degradation rate was observed at higher pH. Verbascoside was only degraded at pH 6.0, also following first-order kinetics. These changes in oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol concentrations led to significant changes in fluorescence maximum intensities centered around 315 and 360 nm and in the 425-500 nm spectral zone for samples at pH 6.0, which could be associated with verbacoside degradation. Conversely, analysis of total phenolic content and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity showed little changes, indicating a rather constant overall reducing capacity of the resulting pool of compounds after thermal treatments. CONCLUSION The present study can contribute to the knowledge related to oleuropein and phenolic fraction degradation as a result of matrix (pH) and processing. The kinetic parameters obtained could be applied for predicting and optimizing the thermal treatments in foods and drinks enriched with olive leaf extracts. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gonzalez-Ortega
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carla Daniela Di Mattia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Pittia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Poklar Ulrih Natasa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- The Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CipKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nenadis N, Pyrka I, Tsimidou MZ. The Contribution of Theoretical Prediction Studies to the Antioxidant Activity Assessment of the Bioactive Secoiridoids Encountered in Olive Tree Products and By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:2267. [PMID: 36903511 PMCID: PMC10005156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the antioxidant activity of different types of natural compounds is a complex research area that encompasses various in vitro tests and in vivo studies. Sophisticated modern analytical tools permit the unambiguous characterization of the compounds present in a matrix. The contemporary researcher, knowing the chemical structure of the compounds present, can carry out quantum chemical calculations that provide important physicochemical information assisting the prediction of antioxidant potential and the mechanism behind the activity of target compounds before further experimentation. The efficiency of calculations is steadily improved due to the rapid evolution of both hardware and software. It is possible, consequently, to study compounds of medium or even larger size, incorporating also models that simulate the liquid phase (solution). This review contributes to the establishment of theoretical calculations as an inherent part of the antioxidant activity assessment process, having as a case study the complex mixtures of olive bioactive secoiridoids (oleuropein, ligstroside, and related compounds). The literature indicates great variability in theoretical approaches and models used so far for only a limited number of this group of phenolic compounds. Proposals are made for standardization of methodology (reference compounds, DFT functional, basis set size, and solvation model) to facilitate comparisons and communication of findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Z. Tsimidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Romero-Márquez JM, Forbes-Hernández TY, Navarro-Hortal MD, Quirantes-Piné R, Grosso G, Giampieri F, Lipari V, Sánchez-González C, Battino M, Quiles JL. Molecular Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Olive Leaf Polyphenols against Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054353. [PMID: 36901783 PMCID: PMC10001635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the cause of around 60-70% of global cases of dementia and approximately 50 million people have been reported to suffer this disease worldwide. The leaves of olive trees (Olea europaea) are the most abundant by-products of the olive grove industry. These by-products have been highlighted due to the wide variety of bioactive compounds such as oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) with demonstrated medicinal properties to fight AD. In particular, the olive leaf (OL), OLE, and HT reduced not only amyloid-β formation but also neurofibrillary tangles formation through amyloid protein precursor processing modulation. Although the isolated olive phytochemicals exerted lower cholinesterase inhibitory activity, OL demonstrated high inhibitory activity in the cholinergic tests evaluated. The mechanisms underlying these protective effects may be associated with decreased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via NF-κB and Nrf2 modulation, respectively. Despite the limited research, evidence indicates that OL consumption promotes autophagy and restores loss of proteostasis, which was reflected in lower toxic protein aggregation in AD models. Therefore, olive phytochemicals may be a promising tool as an adjuvant in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Rosa Quirantes-Piné
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Vivian Lipari
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Department of Prohect Management, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito 250, Bié, Angola
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ercelik M, Tekin C, Tezcan G, Ak Aksoy S, Bekar A, Kocaeli H, Taskapilioglu MO, Eser P, Tunca B. Olea europaea Leaf Phenolics Oleuropein, Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol, and Rutin Induce Apoptosis and Additionally Affect Temozolomide against Glioblastoma: In Particular, Oleuropein Inhibits Spheroid Growth by Attenuating Stem-like Cell Phenotype. Life (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36836827 DOI: 10.3390/life13020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Olea europaea leaf extract (OLE) phenolics, including oleuropein (OL), hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TYR), and rutin against glioblastoma (GB), independently and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), were investigated in T98G and A172 cells. Cell growth was assessed by WST-1, real-time cell analysis, colony formation, and cell cycle distribution assays. A dual acridine orange propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining and annexin V assay determined cell viability. A sphere-forming assay, an intracellular oxidative stress assay, and the RNA expression of CD133 and OCT4 investigated the GB stem-like cell (GSC) phenotype. A scratch wound-healing assay evaluated migration capacity. OL was as effective as OLE in terms of apoptosis promotion (p < 0.001) and GSC inhibition (p < 0.001). HT inhibited cell viability, GSC phenotype, and migration rate (p < 0.001), but its anti-GB effect was less than the total effect of OLE alone. Rutin decreased reactive oxygen species production and inhibited colony formation and cell migration (p < 0.001). TYR demonstrated the least effect. The additive effects of OL, HT, TYR and rutin with TMZ were significant (p < 0.001). Our data suggest that OL may represent a novel therapeutic approach against GB cells, while HT and rutin show promise in increasing the efficacy of TMZ therapy.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramírez EM, Brenes M, Romero C, Medina E. Olive Leaf Processing for Infusion Purposes. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766119 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive leaf is a by-product rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and triterpenic acids, with numerous biological activities for human health. Nowadays, the existence of dry olive leaves marketed for infusion elaboration is lacking. During the elaboration process, the drying and grinding stages are critical for the conservation of bioactive compounds, and, precisely, the existing research on olive leaf production procedures is quite scarce. This work aimed to study and model the dehydration process using a forced-air oven and infrared with air convection systems. In addition, different grinding grades were studied. The kinetic constant and activation energy during dehydration were obtained. Drying temperatures above 50 °C produced a decrease in the phenolic concentration of olive leaves; however, it has been observed that prior storage of 24 h at room temperature considerably reduced the loss of phenols. Likewise, it was observed that the higher the degree of grinding, the greater the diffusion of both bioactive compounds and colored compounds. Therefore, the drying and grinding stages were closely related to the content of beneficial compounds and the appearance of the infusions, and their optimization was of crucial importance to produce dried olive leaves rich in biocompounds for use as healthy infusions.
Collapse
|
36
|
Pennisi R, Ben Amor I, Gargouri B, Attia H, Zaabi R, Chira AB, Saoudi M, Piperno A, Trischitta P, Tamburello MP, Sciortino MT. Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiviral Effects of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaf Extracts and Pure Compound Using Cancer Cell Model. Biomolecules 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830607 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the antioxidant and antiviral effectiveness of leaf extracts obtained from Olea europaea L. var. sativa and Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris. The total antioxidant activity was determined via both an ammonium phosphomolybdate assay and a nitric oxide radical inhibition assay. Both extracts showed reducing abilities in an in vitro system and in human HeLa cells. Indeed, after oxidative stress induction, we found that exposition to olive leaf extracts protects human HeLa cells from lipid peroxidation and increases the concentration of enzyme antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, OESA treatment affects viral DNA accumulation more than OESY, probably due to the exclusive oleuropein content. In fact, subtoxic concentrations of oleuropein inhibit HSV-1 replication, stimulating the phosphorylation of PKR, c-FOS, and c-JUN proteins. These results provide new knowledge about the potential health benefits and mechanisms of action of oleuropein and oleuropein-rich extracts.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pirković A, Vilotić A, Borozan S, Nacka-Aleksić M, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Krivokuća MJ, Battino M, Giampieri F, Dekanski D. Oleuropein Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Human Trophoblast Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010197. [PMID: 36671060 PMCID: PMC9855078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive-derived bioactive compound oleuropein was evaluated against damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human trophoblast cells in vitro, by examining the changes in several markers implicated in oxidative stress interactions in the placenta. Trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells were preincubated with OLE at 10 and 100 µM and exposed to H2O2, as a model of oxidative stress. Protein and lipid peroxidation, as well as antioxidant enzymes' activity, were determined spectrophotometrically, and DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay. iNOS protein expression was assessed by Western blot, while the mRNA expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes BAX and BCL2 and transcription factor NFE2L2, as well as cytokines IL-6 and TNF α were determined by qPCR. Oleuropein demonstrated cytoprotective effects against H2O2 in trophoblast cells by significantly improving the antioxidant status and preventing protein and lipid damage, as well as reducing the iNOS levels. OLE reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF α, however, it did not influence the expression of NFE2L2 or the BAX/BCL2 ratio after H2O2 exposure. Oleuropein per se did not lead to any adverse effects in HTR-8/SVneo cells under the described conditions, confirming its safety in vitro. In conclusion, it significantly attenuated oxidative damage and restored antioxidant functioning, confirming its protective role in trophoblast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pirković
- Department for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Vilotić
- Department for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- Department for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Jovanović Krivokuća
- Department for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maurizio Battino
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-2204136
| | - Dragana Dekanski
- Department for Biology of Reproduction, Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bender C, Strassmann S, Golz C. Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism of Hydroxytyrosol from Food Supplements. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36678196 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Table olives and olive oils are the main dietary sources of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural antioxidant compound that has emerged as a potential aid in protection against cardiovascular risk. Bioavailability studies with olive oils showed that HT is bioavailable from its free form and from conjugated forms such as oleuropein and its aglycone. Still, its low dietary intake, poor bioavailability, and high inter-individual variability after absorption through the gastrointestinal tract hamper its full benefits. In a randomized, controlled, blinded, cross-over study, we investigated the impact of HT metabolism and bioavailability by comparing two olive-derived watery supplements containing different doses of HT (30.58 and 61.48 mg of HT/dosage). Additionally, HT-fortified olive oil was used in the control group. To this aim, plasma and urine samples were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers following the intake of a single dose of the supplements or fortified olive oil. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 12 h after intake. HT and its metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic results showed that dietary HT administered through the food supplements is bioavailable and bioavailability increases with the administered dose. After intake, homovanillic acid, HT-3-O-sulphate, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid are the main metabolites found both in plasma and urine. The maximum concentrations in plasma peaked 30 min after intake. As bioavailability of a compound is a fundamental prerequisite for its effect, these results promise a good potential of both food supplements for protection against oxidative stress and the consequent cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
|
39
|
Scicchitano S, Vecchio E, Battaglia AM, Oliverio M, Nardi M, Procopio A, Costanzo F, Biamonte F, Faniello MC. The Double-Edged Sword of Oleuropein in Ovarian Cancer Cells: From Antioxidant Functions to Cytotoxic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010842. [PMID: 36614279 PMCID: PMC9821453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein plays a key role as a pro-oxidant as well as an antioxidant in cancer. In this study, the activity of oleuropein, in an in vitro model of ovarian (OCCs) and breast cancer cells (BCCs) was investigated. Cell viability and cell death were analyzed. Oxidative stress was measured by CM-H2DCFDA flow cytometry assay. Mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated based on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GPX4 protein levels. Further, the effects on iron metabolism were analyzed by measuring the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP). We confirmed that high doses of oleuropein show anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity on HEY and MCF-7 cells. Moreover, our results indicate that low doses of oleuropein impair cell viability without affecting the mortality of cells, and also decrease the LIP and ROS levels, keeping them unchanged in MCF-7 cells. For the first time, our data show that low doses of oleuropein reduce erastin-mediated cell death. Interestingly, oleuropein decreases the levels of intracellular ROS and LIP in OCCs treated with erastin. Noteworthily, we observed an increased amount of ROS scavenging enzyme GPX4 together with a consistent reduction in mitochondrial ROS, confirming a reduction in oxidative stress in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Scicchitano
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Science, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang Y, Mei L, Zhao S, Xing X, Wu G. Effect of chitosan- oleuropein nanoparticles on dentin collagen cross-linking. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:647-659. [PMID: 36093647 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrity and stability of collagen are crucial for the dentin structure and bonding strength at dentin-resin interface. Natural plant-derived polypehenols have been used as collagen crosslinkers. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to develop novel chitosan oleuropein nanoparticles (CS-OL-NPs), and to investigate the CS-OL-NPs treated dentin's the resistance to enzymatic degradation and mechanic property. METHODS CS-OL-NPs were developed using the ionotropic gelation method. Release and biocompatibility of the CS-OL-NPs were tested. Twenty demineralized dentin collage specimens were randomized into four interventions groups: A, Deionized Water (DW); B, 5% glutaraldehyde solution (GA); C, 1 mg/ml chitosan (CS); and D, 100 mg/L CS-OL-NPs. After 1-min interventions, dentin matrix were evaluated by the micro-Raman spectroscopy for the modulus of elasticity test. Collagen degradation was assessed using hydroxyproline (HYP) assay. RESULTS CS-OL-NPs were spherical core-shape with a size of 161.29 ± 8.19 nm and Zeta potential of 19.53 ± 0.26 mV. After a burst release of oleuropein in the initial 6 h, there was a long-lasting steady slow release. CS-OL-NPs showed a good biocompatibility for the hPDLSCs. The modulus of elasticity in the crosslinked groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P< 0.05 for all). The specimens treated with CS-OL-NP showed a greater modulus of elasticity than those treated with GA and CS (P< 0.05 for both). The release of HYP in the crosslinked group was significantly lower than that in the non-crosslinked groups (P< 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION CS-OL-NPs enhanced the dentin mechanical property and resistance to biodegradation, with biocompatibility and potential for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shuya Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianghui Xing
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pojero F, Aiello A, Gervasi F, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Calabrò A, Procopio A, Candore G, Accardi G, Allegra M. Effects of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Inflammatory Mediators: Consequences on Inflammaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36613822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a low-grade, systemic inflammatory state defined as "inflammaging", ruled by the loss of proper regulation of the immune system leading to the accumulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Such a condition is closely connected to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases. A number of studies demonstrate that olive oil phenolic compound oleuropein and its derivative hydroxytyrosol contribute to modulating tissue inflammation and oxidative stress, thus becoming attractive potential candidates to be used in the context of nutraceutical interventions, in order to ameliorate systemic inflammation in aging subjects. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data about the anti-inflammatory properties of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, discussing them in the light of molecular pathways involved in the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators in inflammaging.
Collapse
|
42
|
Musolino V, Macrì R, Cardamone A, Serra M, Coppoletta AR, Tucci L, Maiuolo J, Lupia C, Scarano F, Carresi C, Nucera S, Bava I, Marrelli M, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Mollace V. Nocellara Del Belice ( Olea europaea L. Cultivar): Leaf Extract Concentrated in Phenolic Compounds and Its Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Activity. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:27. [PMID: 36616158 PMCID: PMC9824270 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olea europaea L. is a plant belonging to the Oleaceae family, widely grown around the Mediterranean Basin and its leaves are a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Among these, oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-glucoside represent two major polyphenolic compounds in olive-leaf extract. Herein, a polystyrene resin was used to recover the polyphenolic fraction from the acetone-water leaf extract from Nocellara del Belice cultivar, which showed the higher level of analysed bioactive compounds, compared to Carolea cultivar. The antioxidant activity of the extract concentrated in phenolic compounds (OLECp) was evaluated through a classical assay and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging. Thus, the anti-inflammatory activity and the potential beneficial effects in reducing lipid accumulation in an in vitro model of NAFLD using McA-RH7777 cells exposed to oleic acid (OA) were evaluated. Nile Red and Oil Red O have been used to stain the lipid accumulation, while the inflammatory status was assessed by Cytokines Bioplex Assay. OLECp (TPC: 92.93 ± 9.35 mg GAE/g, TFC: 728.12 ± 16.04 mg RE/g; 1 g of extract contains 315.250 mg of oleuropein and 17.44 mg of luteolin-7-O-glucoside) exerted a good radical scavenging capability (IC50: 2.30 ± 0.18 mg/mL) with a neutralizing power against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as confirmed by the decreased signal area of the EPR spectra. Moreover, OLECp at concentration of 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL counteracted the intracellular inflammatory status, as result of decreased intracellular lipid content. Our results highlighted the multiple properties and applications of an O. europaea extract concentrated in polyphenols, and the possibility to formulate novel nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties, destined to ameliorate human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Tucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Deledda A, Giordano E, Velluzzi F, Flore G, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Ripari P. Mitochondrial Aging and Senolytic Natural Products with Protective Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms do not disregard the laws of thermodynamics and must therefore consume energy for their survival. In this way, cellular energy exchanges, which aim above all at the production of ATP, a fundamental molecule used by the cell for its metabolisms, favor the formation of waste products that, if not properly disposed of, can contribute to cellular aging and damage. Numerous genes have been linked to aging, with some favoring it (gerontogenes) and others blocking it (longevity pathways). Animal model studies have shown that calorie restriction (CR) may promote longevity pathways, but given the difficult application of CR in humans, research is investigating the use of CR-mimetic substances capable of producing the same effect. These include some phytonutrients such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, epigallo-catechin-gallate, fisetin, quercetin, and curcumin and minerals such as magnesium and selenium. Some of them also have senolytic effects, which promote the apoptosis of defective cells that accumulate over the years (senescent cells) and disrupt normal metabolism. In this article, we review the properties of these natural elements that can promote a longer and healthier life.
Collapse
|
44
|
Guo Y, Ma Y, Ma L, Guo Z, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Li J, Wang S, Liu Y. Oleuropein Prevents OVA-Induced Food Allergy in Mice by Enhancing the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Remodeling the Intestinal Flora. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200455. [PMID: 36314290 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study assesses whether oleuropein prevents ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy (FA) and investigates the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS A Balb/c FA mouse model is established and maintained for 7 weeks. The subjects are administered OVA by oral gavage to induce FA and supplemented with different oleuropein doses (1.00-20.00 mg kg-1 per day) to evaluate its preventative efficacy. The results indicate that oleuropein effectively alleviates OVA-induced allergy symptoms and promotes temperature elevation in sensitized mice. The secretion of serology-specific OVA-immunoglobulin (Ig)E, OVA-IgG, and histamine is inhibited in the sensitized mice. Oleuropein dramatically upregulates the expression of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins, regenerating gene (Reg) IIIγ, and interleukin (IL)-22, enhancing the physical and biochemical barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, oleuropein improves the immune homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium by affecting the function of mucosal mast cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. The disordered intestinal flora of the sensitized mice also improves after oleuropein administration. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that oleuropein prevents FA by enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier function and improving immune homeostasis and intestinal flora in sensitized mice. Therefore, diets rich in oleuropein should be recommended for people with FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Guo
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Guo
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yingliang Xiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Asghari AA, Mahmoudabady M, Mousavi Emadi Z, Hosseini SJ, Salmani H. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were attenuated by olive leaf extract treatment in a rat model of diabetes. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14494. [PMID: 36322398 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The key role of fibrosis and hypertrophy processes in developing diabetes-induced heart injury has been demonstrated. Considering the known hypoglycemic effects of olive leaf extract (OLE), we decided to investigate its potential effect and associated mechanisms on cardiac fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Eight groups were included in this study: control, diabetic, diabetic-OLEs (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), diabetic-metformin (300 mg/kg), diabetic-valsartan (30 mg/kg), and diabetic-metformin/valsartan (300/30 mg/kg). After a treatment period of 6 weeks, echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function. Heart-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured. Myocardial histology was examined by Masson's trichrome staining. Gene expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), TGF-β1, TGF-β3, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen were evaluated by the quantitative real-time PCR in heart tissue. A reduction in the FBS level and HW/BW ratio in the extract groups was obvious. The improvement of left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac myocytes hypertrophy, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis was also observed in treated groups. A lowering trend in the expression of all hypertrophic and fibrotic indicator genes was evident in the myocardium of OLE treated rats. Our data indicated that OLE could attenuate fibrosis and reduce myocardial hypertrophy markers, thus improving the cardiac function and structure in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that olive leaf extract in addition to lowering blood glucose levels and the heart-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW) may also improve cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiac tissue, which leads to inhibition of diabetic heart damage. Thus it is possible that including olive leaf extracts in the diets of individuals with diabetes may assist in lowering cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Asghari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi Emadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Karami F, Ghorbani M, Sadeghi Mahoonak A, Pourhossein A, Bagheri A, Khodarahmi R. Increasing Antioxidant Activity in Food Waste Extracts by β-Glucosidase. Food Technol Biotechnol 2022; 60:458-468. [PMID: 36816873 PMCID: PMC9901336 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Food by-products such as onion peels and olive leaves are rich in bioactive compounds applicable as natural and low-cost sources of antioxidants. Still, these compounds mainly exist in glycosylated form. Often, hydrolysis of glycoside compounds increases their antioxidant activity and health benefits. However, not many studies have been done concerning the β-glucosidase effect, specifically from Aspergillus niger, on glycosylated compounds within these by-products. Also, changes in the antioxidant activity of the mentioned by-products under the effect of β-glucosidase have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study considers the effect of A. niger β-glucosidase on glucoside compounds and the antioxidant activity of onion peel and olive leaf extracts. Experimental approach The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Also, glucose, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured. Moreover, TLC and HPLC analyses were performed before and after the enzymatic hydrolysis. Results and conclusions The obtained results showed an increase in the extract antioxidant activity after treatment. Also, β-glucosidase increased the glucose content of the extracts. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed the β-glucosidase efficacy to hydrolyze quercetin glucosides in onion peel extract, and the quercetin concentration increased from (0.48±0.04) mg/mL in the untreated extract to (1.26±0.03) mg/mL in the treated extract (0.5% m/V) after 3 h of enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C. Also, the content of quercetin-3-O-glucoside increased considerably from (1.8±0.1) to (54±9) µg/mL following the enzyme treatment. Moreover, oleuropein in olive leaf extract (1% m/V) was hydrolyzed completely from (0.382±0.016) to 0 mg/mL by β-glucosidase for 24 h at 50 °C. Novelty and scientific contribution This study showed that A. niger β-glucosidase, as a stable enzyme, hydrolyzed quercetin and oleuropein glycosides in onion peel and olive leaf extracts. Thus, A. niger β-glucosidase is a good candidate for processing the food waste and extracting valuable bioactive compounds. Also, the treated extracts with higher antioxidant and biological activity, and without bitter taste can be applicable as potent, natural and cost-effective antioxidants in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Karami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran,Coresponding authors: Phone: +989112754553, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Basij street, 4918943464 Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pourhossein
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institue, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415153 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415185 Kermanshah, Iran,Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah street, 6714415153 Kermanshah, Iran,Coresponding authors: Phone: +989112754553, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Martins BT, Bronze MR, Ventura MR. Phenolic Compounds from Virgin Olive Oil: Approaches for Their Synthesis and Analogues. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:14109-14128. [PMID: 36301258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) is the main fat consumed by populations in the Mediterranean basin, and phenolic compounds, minor components of this fat, are known to be responsible for diverse health benefits when consumed in a regular diet. According to numerous investigations, these benefits are mostly related to phenols such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol and secoiridoid derivatives such as ligstroside, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein. These compounds are present in low concentrations, and for some of them, standards are not commercially available, hampering studies on the mechanisms underlying their biological activity. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of the bioactivity of these compounds and their metabolites, they must be available with high purity and in sufficient amounts for the assays. Chemical synthesis has been considered a convenient way to obtain these compounds. This Review will focus on the synthesis of representative VOO compounds, namely, ligstroside, oleuropein, oleocanthal, oleacein and analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz T Martins
- ITQB NOVA-Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- ITQB NOVA-Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- FFULisboa-Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal
- IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Rita Ventura
- ITQB NOVA-Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ahmadpour E, Toulabi T, Yadegarinia D, Yarahmadi S, Mohammadi R, Keyvanfar A. Efficacy of olive leaves extract on the outcomes of hospitalized covid-19 patients: A randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial. Explore (NY) 2022. [PMID: 36319585 PMCID: PMC9617633 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Since the emergence of the novel coronavirus, herbal medicine has been considered a treatment for COVID-19 patients. This study was done to determine the efficacy of olive leaf extract on the outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods This randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Using block randomization, eligible patients were allocated to the following groups: intervention A received olive leaf extract (250 mg every 12 hours for five days), intervention B received olive leaf extract (500 mg every 12 hours for five days), and the control group received placebo (every 12 hours for five days). The outcomes (vital signs, laboratory tests, and length of hospitalization) were compared by group. Results Of the 150 patients randomized into groups, 141 completed the follow-up and were analyzed. On the fifth day of hospitalization, body temperature (MD=0.34, P<0.001), pulse rate (MD=5.42, P=0.016), respiratory rate (MD=1.66, P=0.001), ESR (MD=13.55, P<0.001), and CRP (MD=15.68, P<0.001) of intervention A were significantly lower than the control group, while oxygen saturation (MD= -1.81, P=0.001) of intervention A was significantly higher than the control group. Furthermore, body temperature (MD=0.30, P=0.001), pulse rate (MD=5.29, P=0.022), respiratory rate (MD=1.41, P=0.006), ESR (MD=14.79, P<0.001), and CRP (MD=16.28, P<0.001) of intervention B were significantly lower than the control group, while oxygen saturation (MD= -2.38, P<0.001) of intervention B was significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion Olive leaf extract can improve the clinical status of the patients and decrease the length of hospitalization.
Collapse
|
49
|
Papageorgiou CS, Lymberopoulos S, Bakas P, Zagklis DP, Sygouni V, Paraskeva CA. Hydroxytyrosol Enrichment of Olive Leaf Extracts via Membrane Separation Processes. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:1027. [PMID: 36363582 PMCID: PMC9698498 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants isolated from plant materials, such as phenolics, have attracted a lot of attention because of their potential uses. This contributes to the idea of the biorefinery, which is a way to produce useful products from biomass waste. Olea europaea byproducts have been extensively investigated for their large contents in phenolics. Oleuropein is a phenolic compound abundant in olive leaves, with its molecule containing hydroxytyrosol, elenolic acid, and glucose. In this work, olive leaf extracts were treated using different combinations of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes to assess their capacity of facilitating the production of hydroxytyrosol-enriched solutions, either by separating the initially extracted oleuropein or by separating the hydroxytyrosol produced after a hydrolysis step. The best performance was observed when an ultrafiltration membrane (UP010, 10,000 Da) was followed by a nanofiltration membrane (TS40, 200-300 Da) for the treatment of the hydrolyzed extract, increasing the purity of the final product from 25% w/w of the total extracted compounds being hydroxytyrosol when membrane processes were not used to 68% w/w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costas S. Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (LTPPH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stathis Lymberopoulos
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (LTPPH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bakas
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (LTPPH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris P. Zagklis
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (LTPPH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Varvara Sygouni
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (LTPPH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christakis A. Paraskeva
- Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Physicochemical Hydrodynamics (LTPPH), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Machała P, Liudvytska O, Kicel A, Dziedzic A, Olszewska MA, Żbikowska HM. Valorization of the Photo-Protective Potential of the Phytochemically Standardized Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Leaf Extract in UVA-Irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:5144. [PMID: 36014384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Olea europaea are a by-product of the olive oil industry and a dietary supplement with acknowledged antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but underestimated photoprotective potential. We investigated the protective effects of the LC-PDA-MS/MS standardized ethanol-water extract of olive leaves (OLE), containing 26.2% total phenols and 22.2% oleuropein, with underlying mechanisms against the UVA-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Hs68 cells were pre-treated (24 h) with OLE (2.5-25 μg/mL) or the reference antioxidants, quercetin and ascorbic acid (25 μg/mL), followed by irradiation (8 J/cm2). OLE significantly reduced the UVA-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and increased the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) expression and post-radiation viability of fibroblasts by inhibiting their apoptosis. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways appeared to be inhibited by OLE, but the activity of caspase 9 was the most reduced. We hypothesized that the TrxR up-regulation by OLE could have prevented the UVA-induced apoptosis of Hs68 cells. In addition, a significant decrease in UVA-induced secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was shown in human lymphocyte culture in response to OLE treatment. In summary, our results support the beneficial effect of OLE in an in vitro model and indicate its great potential for use in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as a topical photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
|