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Moreira-Pais A, Vitorino R, Sousa-Mendes C, Neuparth MJ, Nuccio A, Luparello C, Attanzio A, Novák P, Loginov D, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Leite-Moreira A, Oliveira PA, Ferreira R, Duarte JA. Mitochondrial remodeling underlying age-induced skeletal muscle wasting: let's talk about sex. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:68-81. [PMID: 38574975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with reduced quality of life and premature mortality. The sex disparities in the processes underlying sarcopenia pathogenesis, which include mitochondrial dysfunction, are ill-understood and can be decisive for the optimization of sarcopenia-related interventions. To improve the knowledge regarding the sex differences in skeletal muscle aging, the gastrocnemius muscle of young and old female and male rats was analyzed with a focus on mitochondrial remodeling through the proteome profiling of mitochondria-enriched fractions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing sex differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteome remodeling. Data demonstrated that age induced skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis in both sexes. In females, however, this adverse skeletal muscle remodeling was more accentuated than in males and might be attributed to an age-related reduction of 17beta-estradiol signaling through its estrogen receptor alpha located in mitochondria. The females-specific mitochondrial remodeling encompassed increased abundance of proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, decreased abundance of the complexes subunits, and enhanced proneness to oxidative posttranslational modifications. This conceivable accretion of damaged mitochondria in old females might be ascribed to low levels of Parkin, a key mediator of mitophagy. Despite skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis, males maintained their testosterone levels throughout aging, as well as their androgen receptor content, and the age-induced mitochondrial remodeling was limited to increased abundance of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta and electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta. Herein, for the first time, it was demonstrated that age affects more severely the skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteome of females, reinforcing the necessity of sex-personalized approaches towards sarcopenia management, and the inevitability of the assessment of mitochondrion-related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Sousa-Mendes
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Neuparth
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Alessandro Nuccio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Petr Novák
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Dmitry Loginov
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José A Duarte
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
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Restivo I, Giardina IC, Barone R, Cilla A, Burgio S, Allegra M, Tesoriere L, Attanzio A. Indicaxanthin prevents eryptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract by interfering with active Fas-mediated signaling. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38520710 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A physiological mechanism of programmed cell death called eryptosis occurs in aged or damaged red blood cells (RBCs). Dysregulated eryptosis contributes to abnormal microcirculation and prothrombotic risk. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces a p38 MAPK-initiated, Fas-mediated eryptosis, activating the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Indicaxanthin (Ind) from cactus pear fruits, is a bioavailable dietary phytochemical in humans and it is able to incorporate into RBCs enhancing their defense against numerous stimuli. This in vitro work shows that Ind, at concentrations that mimic plasma concentrations after a fruit meal, protects erythrocytes from CSE-induced eryptosis. CSE from commercial cigarettes was prepared in aqueous solution using an impinger air sampler and nicotine content was determined. RBCs were treated with CSE for 3 h in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of Ind (from 1 to 5 μM). Cytofluorimetric measurements indicated that Ind reduced CSE-induced phosphatidylserine externalization and ceramide formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Confocal microscopy visualization and coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Ind prevented both CSE-triggered Fas aggregation and FasL/FADD/caspase 8 recruitment in the membrane, indicating inhibition of DISC assembly. Ind inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, caspase-8/caspase-3 cleavage, and caspase-3 activity induced by CSE. Finally, Ind reduced CSE-induced ATP depletion and restored aminophospholipid translocase activity impaired by CSE treatment. In conclusion, Ind concentrations comparable to nutritionally relevant plasma concentrations, can prevent Fas-mediated RBC death signaling induced by CSE, which suggests that dietary intake of cactus pear fruits may limit the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilenia Concetta Giardina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefano Burgio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Section of Human Anatomy, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Nuccio A, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Moreira-Pais A, Attanzio A, Duarte JA, Luparello C, Ferreira R. The contribution of mitochondria to age-related skeletal muscle wasting: A sex-specific perspective. Life Sci 2024; 336:122324. [PMID: 38042281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
As people age, their skeletal muscle (SkM) experiences a decline in mitochondrial functionality and density, which leads to decreased energy production and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. This cascade of events, in turn, might determine the loss of SkM mass, strength and quality. Even though the mitochondrial processes dysregulated by aging, such as oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, antioxidant defenses and mtDNA transcription, are the same in both sexes, mitochondria age differently in the SkM of men and women. Indeed, the onset and magnitude of the impairment of these processes seem to be influenced by sex-specific factors. Sexual hormones play a pivotal role in the regulation of SkM mass through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. However, the precise mechanisms by which these hormones regulate mitochondrial plasticity in SkM are not fully understood. Although the presence of estrogen receptors in mitochondria is recognized, it remains unclear whether androgen receptors affect mitochondrial function. This comprehensive review critically dissects the current knowledge on the interplay of sex in the aging of SkM, focusing on the role of sex hormones and the corresponding signaling pathways in shaping mitochondrial plasticity. Improved knowledge on the sex dimorphism of mitochondrial aging may lead to sex-tailored interventions that target mitochondrial health, which could be effective in slowing or preventing age-related muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nuccio
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Restivo I, Basilicata MG, Giardina IC, Massaro A, Pepe G, Salviati E, Pecoraro C, Carbone D, Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Diana P, Ostacolo C, Campiglia P, Attanzio A, D’Anneo A, Pojero F, Allegra M, Tesoriere L. A Combination of Polymethoxyflavones from Citrus sinensis and Prenylflavonoids from Humulus lupulus Counteracts IL-1β-Induced Differentiated Caco-2 Cells Dysfunction via a Modulation of NF-κB/Nrf2 Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1621. [PMID: 37627616 PMCID: PMC10451557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We here investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of a polymethoxylated flavone-containing fraction (PMFF) from Citrus sinensis and of a prenylflavonoid-containing one (PFF) from Humulus lupulus, either alone or in combination (MIX). To this end, an in vitro model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of differentiated, interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells, was employed. We demonstrated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of either PMFF or PFF or MIX reduced nitric oxide (NO) production while PFF and MIX, but not PMFF, also inhibited prostaglandin E2 release. Coherently, MIX suppressed both inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 over-expression besides NF-κB activation. Moreover, MIX increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, heme oxygenase-1 expression, restoring GSH and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONs) levels. Remarkably, these effects with MIX were stronger than those produced by PMFF or PFF alone. Noteworthy, nobiletin (NOB) and xanthohumol (XTM), two of the most represented phytochemicals in PMFF and PFF, respectively, synergistically inhibited RONs production. Overall, our results demonstrate that MIX enhances the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of the individual fractions in a model of IBD, via a mechanism involving modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 signalling. Synergistic interactions between NOB and XTM emerge as a relevant aspect underlying this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | | | - Ilenia Concetta Giardina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Alessandro Massaro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (C.P.); (D.C.); (S.C.); (B.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.B.); (E.S.); (C.O.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (I.C.G.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (A.D.); (F.P.); (L.T.)
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Pojero F, Gervasi F, Fiore SD, Aiello A, Bonacci S, Caldarella R, Attanzio A, Candore G, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Procopio A, Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Accardi G. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Age-Related Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11029. [PMID: 37446206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence and inflammaging facilitate the insurgence of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is a non-invasive intervention to improve the chronic low-grade inflammatory status associated with aging. Olive oil oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) demonstrated a controversial modulatory action on inflammation in vitro when tested at concentrations exceeding those detectable in human plasma. We studied the potential anti-inflammatory effects of OLE and HT at nutritionally relevant concentrations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as regards cell viability, frequency of leukocyte subsets, and cytokine release, performing an age-focused analysis on two groups of subjects: Adult (age 18-64 years) and Senior (age ≥ 65 years). OLE and HT were used alone or as a pre-treatment before challenging PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both polyphenols had no effect on cell viability irrespective of LPS, but 5 µM HT had an LPS-like effect on monocytes, reducing the intermediate subset in Adult subjects. OLE and HT had no effect on LPS-triggered release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, but 5 µM HT reduced IL-10 secretion by PBMCs from Adult vs. Senior group. In summary, nutritionally relevant concentrations of OLE and HT elicit no anti-inflammatory effect and influence the frequency of immune cell subsets with age-related different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialistic Oncology Laboratory Unit, ARNAS Hospitals Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Davide Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Notaro A, Lauricella M, Di Liberto D, Emanuele S, Giuliano M, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Carlisi D, Allegra M, De Blasio A, Calvaruso G, D'Anneo A. A Deadly Liaison between Oxidative Injury and p53 Drives Methyl-Gallate-Induced Autophagy and Apoptosis in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1292. [PMID: 37372022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG), which is a gallotannin widely found in plants, is a polyphenol used in traditional Chinese phytotherapy to alleviate several cancer symptoms. Our studies provided evidence that MG is capable of reducing the viability of HCT116 colon cancer cells, while it was found to be ineffective on differentiated Caco-2 cells, which is a model of polarized colon cells. In the first phase of treatment, MG promoted both early ROS generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, sustained by elevated PERK, Grp78 and CHOP expression levels, as well as an upregulation in intracellular calcium content. Such events were accompanied by an autophagic process (16-24 h), where prolonging the time (48 h) of MG exposure led to cellular homeostasis collapse and apoptotic cell death with DNA fragmentation and p53 and γH2Ax activation. Our data demonstrated that a crucial role in the MG-induced mechanism is played by p53. Its level, which increased precociously (4 h) in MG-treated cells, was tightly intertwined with oxidative injury. Indeed, the addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which is a ROS scavenger, counteracted the p53 increase, as well as the MG effect on cell viability. Moreover, MG promoted p53 accumulation into the nucleus and its inhibition by pifithrin-α (PFT-α), which is a negative modulator of p53 transcriptional activity, enhanced autophagy, increased the LC3-II level and inhibited apoptotic cell death. These findings provide new clues to the potential action of MG as a possible anti-tumor phytomolecule for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella D'Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Gaglio R, Tesoriere L, Maggio A, Viola E, Attanzio A, Frazzitta A, Badalamenti N, Bruno M, Franciosi E, Moschetti G, Sottile F, Settanni L, Francesca N. Reuse of almond by-products: Functionalization of traditional semolina sourdough bread with almond skin. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 395:110194. [PMID: 37004495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Almond production generates large amounts of by-products rich in polyphenols. In this study, almond skin was explored as a valuable food ingredient in bread making. To this purpose, almond skin was used to produce functional products modifying a traditional sourdough bread recipe. The doughs were prepared replacing semolina with powdered almond skin (PAS) at 5 and 10 % (w/w). Sourdough inoculum was started with a mix of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propagated in semolina until reaching pH 3.7. The pH of PAS added breads was higher than that of control (CTR) breads before and after fermentation. Plate counts showed a similar evolution of LAB and total mesophilic microorganisms, but members of Enterobacteriaceae and coliform were detectable in PAS doughs. Illumina data clearly showed a dominance of lactobacilli in all trials, but PAS doughs displayed the presence of Bacillus. The final bread characteristics were influenced by PAS and its addition percentage; in particular, crust and crumb colour resulted darker, the alveolation decreased and, regarding sensory attributes, odour intensity increased, while bread odour diminished. In presence of PAS, bread emissions were characterized by lower percentages of alcohols and aromatic hydrocarbons and higher percentages of the other volatile compound classes, especially terpenoids like β-pinene, β-myrcene and limonene than CTR trial. After in vitro simulated digestion, the final release of phytochemicals from 10 % PAS bread was almost 100 %. Thus, PAS determined an increase of the antioxidant capacity of the breads. Phytochemicals released from digested PAS-fortified bread can provide antioxidant protection in a complex biological environment such as human intestinal-like cells. Besides the positive functional properties of PAS, this work also evidenced the hygienic issues of almond skin and, in order to avoid potential risks for the human health, highlighted the need to preserve its microbiological characteristics during storage for their reuse in bread production.
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Restivo I, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Garcia-Llatas G, Cilla A. A Mixture of Dietary Plant Sterols at Nutritional Relevant Serum Concentration Inhibits Extrinsic Pathway of Eryptosis Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021264. [PMID: 36674779 PMCID: PMC9861561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death program of red blood cells (RBCs), called eryptosis, is characterized by activation of caspases and scrambling of membrane phospholipids with externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS). Excessive eryptosis confers a procoagulant phenotype and is implicated in impairment of microcirculation and increased prothrombotic risk. It has recently been reported that cigarette smokers have high levels of circulating eryptotic erythrocytes, and a possible contribution of eryptosis to the vaso-occlusive complications associated to cigarette smoke has been postulated. In this study, we demonstrate how a mixture of plant sterols (MPtS) consisting of β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, at serum concentration reached after ingestion of a drink enriched with plant sterols, inhibits eryptosis induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Isolated RBCs were exposed for 4 h to CSE (10-20% v/v). When RBCs were co-treated with CSE in the presence of 22 µM MPtS, a significant reduction of the measured hallmarks of apoptotic death like assembly of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), PS outsourced, ceramide production, cleaved forms of caspase 8/caspase 3, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK, was evident. The new beneficial properties of plant sterols on CSE-induced eryptosis presented in this work open new perspectives to prevent the negative physio-pathological events caused by the eryptotic red blood cells circulating in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2386-2434
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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9
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Attanzio A, Restivo I, Tutone M, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Livrea MA. Redox Properties, Bioactivity and Health Effects of Indicaxanthin, a Bioavailable Phytochemical from Opuntia ficus indica, L.: A Critical Review of Accumulated Evidence and Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122364. [PMID: 36552572 PMCID: PMC9774763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals from plant foods are considered essential to human health. Known for their role in the adaptation of plants to their environment, these compounds can induce adaptive responses in cells, many of which are directed at maintaining the redox tone. Indicaxanthin is a long-known betalain pigment found in the genus Opuntia of cactus pear and highly concentrated in the edible fruits of O. ficus indica, L. whose bioactivity has been overlooked until recently. This review summarizes studies conducted so far in vitro and in vivo, most of which have been performed in our laboratory. The chemical and physicochemical characteristics of Indicaxanthin are reflected in the molecule's reducing properties and antioxidant effects and help explain its ability to interact with membranes, modulate redox-regulated cellular pathways, and possibly bind to protein molecules. Measurement of bioavailability in volunteers has been key to exploring its bioactivity; amounts consistent with dietary intake, or plasma concentration after dietary consumption of cactus pear fruit, have been used in experimental setups mimicking physiological or pathophysiological conditions, in cells and in animals, finally suggesting pharmacological potential and relevance of Indicaxanthin as a nutraceutical. In reporting experimental results, this review also aimed to raise questions and seek insights for further basic research and health promotion applications.
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10
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Gambino G, Brighina F, Allegra M, Marrale M, Collura G, Gagliardo C, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Di Majo D, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Giglia G. Modulation of Human Motor Cortical Excitability and Plasticity by Opuntia Ficus Indica Fruit Consumption: Evidence from a Preliminary Study through Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224915. [PMID: 36432601 PMCID: PMC9694319 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indicaxanthin (IX) from Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI) has been shown to exert numerous biological effects both in vitro and in vivo, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro-modulatory activity in rodent models. Our goal was to investigate the eventual neuro-active role of orally assumed fruits containing high levels of IX at nutritionally-relevant amounts in healthy subjects, exploring cortical excitability and plasticity in the human motor cortex (M1). To this purpose, we applied paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) in basal conditions and followed the consumption of yellow cactus pear fruits containing IX or white cactus pear fruits devoid of IX (placebo). Furthermore, resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) preliminary acquisitions were performed before and after consumption of the same number of yellow fruits. Our data revealed that the consumption of IX-containing fruits could specifically activate intracortical excitatory circuits, differently from the placebo-controlled group. Furthermore, we found that following the ingestion of IX-containing fruits, elevated network activity of glutamatergic intracortical circuits can homeostatically be restored to baseline levels following a-tDCS stimulation. No significant differences were observed through rs-fMRI acquisitions. These outcomes suggest that IX from OFI increases intracortical excitability of M1 and leads to homeostatic cortical plasticity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry “Emilio Segrè”, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Collura
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gagliardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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11
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Buoso E, Attanzio A, Biundo F. Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Diseases: Molecular Bases and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132029. [PMID: 35805113 PMCID: PMC9266226 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buoso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12/14, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0912-3862-434
| | - Fabrizio Biundo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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12
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Cilla A, López‐García G, Barberá R, Frazzitta A, Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Attanzio A. Antiproliferative effects of bioaccessible fractions of honeys from Sicilian black honeybee (
Apis mellifera ssp. sicula
) on human colorectal carcinoma cells. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area Faculty of Pharmacy University of Valencia Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Gabriel López‐García
- Nutrition and Food Science Area Faculty of Pharmacy University of Valencia Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area Faculty of Pharmacy University of Valencia Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n Burjassot Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Anna Frazzitta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo Via Archirafi 28 Palermo 90123 Italy
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo Via Archirafi 28 Palermo 90123 Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo Via Archirafi 28 Palermo 90123 Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) University of Palermo Via Archirafi 28 Palermo 90123 Italy
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13
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Mauro M, Arizza V, Arculeo M, Attanzio A, Pinto P, Chirco P, Badalamenti G, Tesoriere L, Vazzana M. Haemolymphatic Parameters in Two Aquaculture Crustacean Species Cherax destructor (Clark, 1836) and Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050543. [PMID: 35268111 PMCID: PMC8908831 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The spread of freshwater crustacean farms, in particular of the Australian species Cherax, has been widespread in recent years and has aroused particular interest at an economic level. Knowledge of the basic levels of some biochemical parameters becomes particularly important to understanding the health status of the animals and, therefore, for the maintenance of aquaculture facilities. In this study, the values of some biochemical parameters of two species of Cherax, Cherax destructor and Cherax quadricarinatus, reared in an Italian aquaculture plant, were evaluated for the first time. These parameters should contribute to assessing the health status of these animals on a farm and to understanding if they will be affected by stressful conditions or not. Abstract In the last few years, there has been a notable development in the breeding of freshwater shrimp (astaciculture), which involved various species and in particular, the two Australian Parastacidae species, Cherax destructor and Cherax quadricarinatus. Information about the haemolymphatic parameters of these two species is fragmentary, and filling these gaps becomes important given their importance in aquaculture. Cellular and biochemical parameters were analyzed in both species to create a reference baseline for these parameters to identify the state of welfare or suffering of these animals. The results showed that the total haemocyte count, haemocyte subpopulations, enzymatic activities and pH are similar between the two species, while total protein and osmolality are higher in C. destructor than C. quadricarinatus. Knowledge of these parameters could assist in evaluating the good health status of these species kept in aquaculture facilities.
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14
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Allegra M, Tutone M, Tesoriere L, Attanzio A, Culletta G, Almerico AM. Evaluation of the IKKβ Binding of Indicaxanthin by Induced-Fit Docking, Binding Pose Metadynamics, and Molecular Dynamics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:701568. [PMID: 34566634 PMCID: PMC8461089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.701568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Indicaxanthin, a betaxanthin belonging to the betalain class of compounds, has been recently demonstrated to exert significant antiproliferative effects inducing apoptosis of human melanoma cells through the inhibition of NF-κB as the predominant pathway. Specifically, Indicaxanthin inhibited IκBα degradation in A375 cells. In resting cells, NF-κB is arrested in the cytoplasm by binding to its inhibitor protein IκBα. Upon stimulation, IκBα is phosphorylated by the IKK complex, and degraded by the proteasome, liberating free NF-κB into the nucleus to initiate target gene transcription. Inhibition of the IKK complex leads to the arrest of the NF-κB pathway. Methods: To acquire details at the molecular level of Indicaxanthin’s inhibitory activity against hIKKβ, molecular modeling and simulation techniques including induced-fit docking (IFD), binding pose metadynamics (BPMD), molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-GBSA (molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area continuum solvation) have been performed. Results: The computational calculations performed on the active and inactive form, and the allosteric binding site of hIKKβ, revealed that Indicaxanthin inhibits prevalently the active form of the hIKKβ. MM-GBSA computations provide further evidence of Indicaxanthin’s stability inside the active binding pocket with a binding free energy of −22.2 ± 4.3 kcal/mol with respect to the inactive binding pocket with a binding free energy of −20.7 ± 4.7 kcal/mol. BPMD and MD simulation revealed that Indicaxanthin is likely not an allosteric inhibitor of hIKKβ. Conclusion: As a whole, these in silico pieces of evidence show that Indicaxanthin can inhibit the active form of the hIKKβ adding novel mechanistic insights on its recently discovered ability to impair NF-κB signaling in melanoma A375 cells. Moreover, our results suggest the phytochemical as a new lead compound for novel, more potent IKKβ inhibitors to be employed in the treatment of cancer and inflammation-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Culletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Nuzzo D, Scordino M, Scurria A, Giardina C, Giordano F, Meneguzzo F, Mudò G, Pagliaro M, Picone P, Attanzio A, Raimondo S, Ciriminna R, Di Liberto V. Protective, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Grapefruit IntegroPectin on SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9368. [PMID: 34502276 PMCID: PMC8430642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tested in vitro on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, grapefruit IntegroPectin is a powerful protective, antioxidant and antiproliferative agent. The strong antioxidant properties of this new citrus pectin, and its ability to preserve mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology, severely impaired in neurodegenerative disorders, make it an attractive therapeutic and preventive agent for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated brain disorders. Similarly, the ability of this pectic polymer rich in RG-I regions, as well as in naringin, linalool, linalool oxide and limonene adsorbed at the outer surface, to inhibit cell proliferation or even kill, at high doses, neoplastic cells may have opened up new therapeutic strategies in cancer research. In order to take full advantage of its vast therapeutic and preventive potential, detailed studies of the molecular mechanism involved in the antiproliferative and neuroprotective of this IntegroPectin are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (D.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Miriana Scordino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (C.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonino Scurria
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (F.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Costanza Giardina
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (C.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Giordano
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (F.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (C.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (F.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Pasquale Picone
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (D.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Via Divisi 83, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.S.); (F.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (M.S.); (C.G.); (G.M.)
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16
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Gaglio R, Restivo I, Barbera M, Barbaccia P, Ponte M, Tesoriere L, Bonanno A, Attanzio A, Di Grigoli A, Francesca N, Moschetti G, Settanni L. Effect on the Antioxidant, Lipoperoxyl Radical Scavenger Capacity, Nutritional, Sensory and Microbiological Traits of an Ovine Stretched Cheese Produced with Grape Pomace Powder Addition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020306. [PMID: 33671122 PMCID: PMC7922181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative ovine cheese enriched with red grape pomace powder (GPP) was produced to improve the functional properties of Vastedda cheese typology. Vastedda cheese making was performed adding GPP and four selected Lactococcus lactis strains (Mise36, Mise94, Mise169 and Mise190). For each strain, 40 L of pasteurized ewe's milk was divided into two aliquots representing control and experimental trials. Control cheese (CC) production did not contain GPP, while the experimental cheese (EC) production was enriched with 1% (w/w) GPP. GPP did not slow down starter development and acid generation. Plate counts and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis confirmed the dominance of the starters in all trials. The evolution of the physicochemical parameters showed that EC productions were characterized by lower fat content, higher protein content, and higher values of secondary lipid oxidation. Sensory evaluation indicated that the cheeses produced with the strain Mise94 were those more appreciated by the judges. Thus, the last cheeses were investigated for some functional aspects: GPP enrichment significantly increased antioxidant activity and lipoperoxyl radical scavenger capacity, confirming that grape polyphenol inclusion in cheese represents an optimal strategy for the valorization of ovine cheeses as well as winemaking industry by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondo Gaglio
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 34, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Marcella Barbera
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Pietro Barbaccia
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Marialetizia Ponte
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 34, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriana Bonanno
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 34, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonino Di Grigoli
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Nicola Francesca
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Giancarlo Moschetti
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
| | - Luca Settanni
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Ed. 5, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.G.); (M.B.); (P.B.); (M.P.); (A.B.); (A.D.G.); (N.F.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-23896043; Fax: +39-091-6515531
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Restivo I, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Allegra M. Suicidal Erythrocyte Death in Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020154. [PMID: 33494379 PMCID: PMC7911029 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis is a coordinated, programmed cell death culminating with the disposal of cells without disruption of the cell membrane and the release of endocellular oxidative and pro-inflammatory milieu. While providing a convenient form of death for erythrocytes, dysregulated eryptosis may result in a series of detrimental and harmful pathological consequences highly related to the endothelial dysfunction (ED). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic factors (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity) that increases the risk of cardiovascular complications such as those related to diabetes and atherosclerosis. In the light of the crucial role exerted by the eryptotic process in the ED, the focus of the present review is to report and discuss the involvement of eryptosis within MetS, where vascular complications are utterly relevant. Current knowledge on the mechanisms leading to eryptosis in MetS-related conditions (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity) will be analyzed. Moreover, clinical evidence supporting or proposing a role for eryptosis in the ED, associated to MetS cardiovascular complications, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (M.A.); Tel.: +39-091-238-96803 (L.T. & M.A.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (M.A.); Tel.: +39-091-238-96803 (L.T. & M.A.)
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Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Frazzitta A, Livrea MA, Attanzio A, Allegra M. Anti-Proliferative Activity of A Hydrophilic Extract of Manna from Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl through Mitochondrial Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5055. [PMID: 33143282 PMCID: PMC7663425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Manna is produced from the spontaneous solidification of the sap of some Fraxinus species, and, owing its content in mannitol, is used in medicine as a mild laxative. Manna is also a rich source of characteristic bio-phenols with reducing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study assesses the activity of a hydrophilic extract of manna (HME) on cellular and molecular events in human colon-rectal cancer cells. HME showed a time- and concentration-dependent anti-proliferative activity, measured by MTT assay, in all the cell lines examined, namely Caco-2, HCT-116 and HT-29. The amounts of HME that caused 50% of cell death after a 24 h treatment were 8.51 ± 0.77, 10.73 ± 1.22 and 28.92 ± 1.99 mg manna equivalents/mL, respectively; no toxicity was observed in normally differentiated Caco-2 intestinal cells. Hydroxytyrosol, a component of HME known for its cytotoxic effects on colon cancer cells, was ineffective, at least at the concentration occurring in the extract. Through flow-cytometric techniques and Western blot analysis, we show that HME treatment causes apoptosis, assessed by phosphatidylserine exposure, as well as a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increases in the levels of cleaved PARP-1, caspase 3 and Bax, and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, HME interferes with cell cycle progression, with a block at the G1/S transition. In conclusion, the phytocomplex extracted from manna exerts an anti-proliferative activity on human colon cancer cells through the activation of mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Our data may suggest that manna could have the potential to exert chemo-preventive effects for the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.); (A.F.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (I.R.); (L.T.); (A.F.); (M.A.L.)
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19
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Allegra M, Restivo I, Fucarino A, Pitruzzella A, Vasto S, Livrea MA, Tesoriere L, Attanzio A. Proeryptotic Activity of 4-Hydroxynonenal: A New Potential Physiopathological Role for Lipid Peroxidation Products. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050770. [PMID: 32429353 PMCID: PMC7277761 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eryptosis is a physiological, apoptosis-like death of injured erythrocytes crucial to prevent premature haemolysis and the pathological sequalae generated by cell-free haemoglobin. When dysregulated, the process is associated to several inflammatory-based pathologies. 4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is an endogenous signalling molecule at physiological levels and, at higher concentrations, is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory-based diseases. This work evaluated whether HNE could induce eryptosis in human erythrocytes. Methods: Measurements of phosphatidylserine, cell volume, intracellular oxidants, Ca++, glutathione, ICAM-1, and ceramide were assessed by flow cytometry. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated morphological alterations of erythrocytes. Western blotting assessed caspases. PGE2 was measured by ELISA. Adhesion of erythrocytes on endothelial cells was evaluated by gravity adherence assay. Results: HNE in the concentration range between 10–100 µM induces eryptosis, morphological alterations correlated to caspase-3 activation, and increased Ca++ levels. The process is not mediated by redox-dependent mechanisms; rather, it strongly depends on PGE2 and ceramide. Interestingly, HNE induces significant increase of erythrocytes adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) that are in turn dysfunctionated as evident by overexpression of ICAM-1. Conclusions: Our results unveil a new physiopathological role for HNE, provide mechanistic details of the HNE-induced eryptosis, and suggest a novel mechanism through which HNE could exert pro-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.F.); (A.P.)
- Consorzio Universitario di Caltanissetta, Università di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Antonia Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2389-6824
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (M.A.); (I.R.); (S.V.); (M.A.L.); (A.A.)
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20
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Attanzio A, D’Agostino S, Busà R, Frazzitta A, Rubino S, Girasolo MA, Sabatino P, Tesoriere L. Cytotoxic Activity of Organotin(IV) Derivatives with Triazolopyrimidine Containing Exocyclic Oxygen Atoms. Molecules 2020; 25:E859. [PMID: 32075253 PMCID: PMC7070731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study cytotoxicity of organotin(IV) compounds with 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, Me3Sn(5tpO) (1), n-Bu3Sn(5tpO) (2), Me3Sn(mtpO) (3), n-Bu3Sn(mtpO) (4), n-Bu3Sn(HtpO2) (5), Ph3Sn(HtpO2) (6) where 5HtpO = 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, HmtpO = 4,7-dihydro-5-methyl-7-oxo-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, and H2tpO2 = 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5,7- dioxo-[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine, was assessed on three different human tumor cell lines: HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast cancer). While 1 and 3 were inactive, compounds 2, 4, 5 and 6 inhibited the growth of the three tumor cell lines with IC50 values in the submicromolar range and showed high selectivity indexes towards the tumor cells (SI > 90). The mechanism of cell death triggered by the organotin(IV) derivatives, investigated on HCT-116 cells, was apoptotic, as evident from the externalization of phosphatidylserine to the cell surface, and occurred via the intrinsic pathway with fall of mitochondrial inner membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species. While compound 6 arrested the cell progression in the G2/M cell cycle phase and increased p53 and p21 levels, compounds 2, 4 and 5 blocked cell duplication in the G1 phase without affecting the expression of either of the two tumor suppressor proteins. Compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated using single crystal X-ray diffraction and found to be, in both cases, coordination polymers forming 1 D chains based on metal-ligand interactions. Interestingly, for n-Bu3Sn(5tpO)(2) H-bonding interactions between 5tpO- ligands belonging to adjacent chains were also detected that resemble the "base-pairing" assembly and could be responsible for the higher biological activity compared to compound 1. In addition, they are the first example of bidentate N(3), O coordination for the 5HtpO ligand on two adjacent metal atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Parco d’Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze-Pad., 16-90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Simone D’Agostino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Parco d’Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze-Pad., 16-90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Anna Frazzitta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Parco d’Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze-Pad., 16-90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Simona Rubino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Parco d’Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze-Pad., 16-90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Maria Assunta Girasolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Parco d’Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze-Pad., 16-90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Piera Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Parco d’Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze-Pad., 16-90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (R.B.); (A.F.); (S.R.); (M.A.G.)
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Attanzio A, Diana P, Barraja P, Carbone A, Spanò V, Parrino B, Cascioferro SM, Allegra M, Cirrincione G, Tesoriere L, Montalbano A. Quality, functional and sensory evaluation of pasta fortified with extracts from Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4242-4247. [PMID: 30801716 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stems of Opuntia ficus-indica, known as cladodes, are a rich source of soluble fibers, which makes them an important candidate for the production of functional foods. Tagliatelle of durum wheat fortified with Opuntia cladode extract (OCE) at different levels of addition (10-30%, v/w) was prepared on a laboratory scale and quality characteristics and sensory acceptability were assessed. RESULTS The main quality parameters (optimal cooking time, swelling index, cooking loss, dry matter) and sensory analysis on a nine-point hedonic scale were comparable with those of the control pasta sample (no added OCE) when durum wheat was supplemented with OCE at up to 20% (v/w). An in vitro human simulated gastrointestinal digestion in the presence of cholesterol or its main dietary oxidized derivative, 7-ketocholesterol, showed that OCE-fortified pasta strongly reduced the bioaccessibility of both the sterols (the higher the incorporated OCE level, the higher the effect). Moreover the extent of starch digestion decreased with increasing levels of OCE. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that OCE-fortified pasta comprises a food with healthy properties, such as blood cholesterol- and glucose-lowering capabilities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stella M Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Cascioferro S, Attanzio A, Di Sarno V, Musella S, Tesoriere L, Cirrincione G, Diana P, Parrino B. New 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Nortopsentin Derivatives with Cytotoxic Activity. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17010035. [PMID: 30626057 PMCID: PMC6357034 DOI: 10.3390/md17010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
New analogs of nortopsentin, a natural 2,4-bis(3′-indolyl)imidazole alkaloid, in which the central imidazole ring of the natural lead was replaced by a 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety, and in which a 7-azaindole portion substituted the original indole moiety, were efficiently synthesized. Among all derivatives, prescreened against the HCT-116 colon rectal carcinoma cell line, the two most active compounds were selected and further investigated in different human tumor cells showing IC50 values in the micromolar and submicromolar range. Flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained MCF-7 cells demonstrated that both the active derivatives caused cell cycle arrest in the G0–G1 phase. The cell death mechanism induced by the compounds was considered to be apoptotic by measuring the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane and observed morphological evaluation using acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining. Moreover, further tested on intestinal normal-like differentiated Caco-2 cell line, they exhibited preferential toxicity towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Allegra M, De Cicco P, Ercolano G, Attanzio A, Busà R, Cirino G, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA, Ianaro A. Indicaxanthin from Opuntia Ficus Indica (L. Mill) impairs melanoma cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor progression. Phytomedicine 2018; 50:19-24. [PMID: 30466978 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong, reciprocal crosstalk between inflammation and melanoma has rigorously been demonstrated in recent years, showing how crucial is a pro-inflammatory microenvironment to drive therapy resistance and metastasis. PURPOSE We investigated on the effects of Indicaxanthin, a novel, anti-inflammatory and bioavailable phytochemical from Opuntia Ficus Indica fruits, against human melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The effects of indicaxanthin were evaluated against the proliferation of A375 human melanoma cell line and in a mice model of cutaneous melanoma. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, apoptosis by Annexin V-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate/Propidium Iodide staining, protein expression by western blotting, melanoma lesions were subcutaneously injected in mice with B16/F10 cells, chemokine release was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Data herein presented demonstrate that indicaxanthin effectively inhibits the proliferation of the highly metastatic and invasive A375 cells as shown by growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and cell invasiveness reduction. More interestingly, in vitro data were paralleled by those in vivo showing that indicaxanthin significantly reduced tumor development when orally administered to mice. The results of our study also clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effect of indicaxanthin, individuating the inhibition of NF-κB pathway as predominant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we demonstrated that indicaxanthin represents a novel phytochemical able to significantly inhibit human melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and to impair tumor progression in vivo. When considering the resistance of melanoma to the current therapeutical approach and the very limited number of phytochemicals able to partially counteract it, our findings may be of interest to explore indicaxanthin potential in further and more complex melanoma studies in combo therapy, i.e. where different check points of melanoma development are targeted.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma gene-2 (Bcl-2)
- CXCL1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1
- Indicaxanthin
- Inflammation
- List of Abbrevations: AxV-FITC, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate
- MTT, 3-[4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- Melanoma
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NHEM, normal human epidermal melanocytes
- Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.Mill)
- PI, propidium iodide PI
- PhC, phytochemicals
- Phytochemical
- c-FLIP, FLICE-inhibitory protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola De Cicco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Rubino S, Pibiri I, Minacori C, Alduina R, Di Stefano V, Orecchio S, Buscemi S, Girasolo MA, Tesoriere L, Attanzio A. Synthesis, structural characterization, anti-proliferative and antimicrobial activity of binuclear and mononuclear Pt(II) complexes with perfluoroalkyl-heterocyclic ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Attanzio A, Frazzitta A, Vasto S, Tesoriere L, Pintaudi AM, Livrea MA, Cilla A, Allegra M. Increased eryptosis in smokers is associated with the antioxidant status and C-reactive protein levels. Toxicology 2018; 411:43-48. [PMID: 30385265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been linked with oxidative stress and inflammation. In turn, eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death similar to apoptosis that can be triggered by oxidative stress, has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. However, the link between smoking and eryptosis has not been explored so far. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of eryptotic erythrocytes in healthy male smokers (n = 21) compared to non-smokers (n = 21) and assess its relationship with systemic inflammation (CRP) as well as with antioxidant defense (GSH) and their resistance to ex-vivo induced hemolysis. Smoking caused an increase in phosphatidylserine translocation outside the erythrocyte membrane (hallmark of eryptosis), significantly correlated to the plasma level of CRP (r = 0.546) and GSH concentration in erythrocytes (r=-0.475). With respect to non-smokers, smokers show a marginal increase of total leucocytes and erythrocyte volume, no modifications of the RBC resistance to oxidative stress-induced hemolysis and hematological and lipid parameters unvaried. We conclude that the inflammatory status (high CRP levels) and RBC oxidative stress (low GSH levels) caused by cigarette smoking are associated with an increase of eryptotic erythrocytes, a yet unknown relationship potentially involved with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Frazzitta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pintaudi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Livrea
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Parrino B, Ullo S, Attanzio A, Cascioferro S, Spanò V, Carbone A, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Cirrincione G, Tesoriere L, Diana P. Synthesis of 5H-pyrido[3,2-b]pyrrolizin-5-one tripentone analogs with antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:236-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alvarez-Sala A, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Garcia-Llatas G, Barberá R, Cilla A. Apoptotic effect of a phytosterol-ingredient and its main phytosterol (β-sitosterol) in human cancer cell lines. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:323-334. [PMID: 30192685 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1511689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary interventions may effectively control cancer development, with phytosterols (PS) being a class of cancer chemopreventive dietary phytochemicals. The present study, for the first time, evaluates the antiproliferative effects of a PS-ingredient used for the enrichment of several foods and its main PS, β-sitosterol, at physiological serum levels, in the most prevalent cancer cells in women (breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT116) and cervical (HeLa)). In all three cell lines, these compounds induced significant cell viability reduction without a clear time- and dose-dependent response. Moreover, all treatments produced apoptotic cell death with the induction of DNA fragmentation through the appearance of a sub-G1 cell population. Thus, the use of PS as functional ingredients in the development of PS-enriched foods could exert a potential preventive effect against human breast, colon and cervical cancer, although further in vivo studies are required to confirm our preclinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alvarez-Sala
- a Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- b Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- b Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- a Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- a Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- a Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Vasto S, Pintaudi AM, Livrea MA, Allegra M. Short-term cactus pear [ Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill] fruit supplementation ameliorates the inflammatory profile and is associated with improved antioxidant status among healthy humans. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1262. [PMID: 30150921 PMCID: PMC6104507 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary ingredients and food components are major modifiable factors protecting immune system and preventing the progression of a low-grade chronic inflammation responsible for age-related diseases. Objective Our study explored whether cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, Surfarina cultivar) fruit supplementation modulates plasma inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults. Correlations between inflammatory parameters and antioxidant status were also assessed in parallel. Design In a randomised, 2-period (2 weeks/period), crossover, controlled-feeding study, conducted in 28 healthy volunteers [mean age 39.96 (±9.15) years, BMI 23.1 (±1.5) kg/m2], the effects of a diet supplemented with cactus pear fruit pulp (200 g, twice a day) were compared with those of an equivalent diet with isocaloric fresh fruit substitution. Results With respect to control, cactus pear diet decreased ( p < 0.05) the pro-inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ (INF)-γ, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), whereas it increased ( p < 0.05) the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10. Moreover, the diet decreased ratios between pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory biomarker (IL-10) ( p < 0.05). Cactus pear supplementation caused an increase ( p < 0.05) in dermal carotenoids (skin carotenoid score, SCS), a biomarker of the body antioxidant status, with correlations between SCS and CRP (r = −0.905, p < 0.0001), IL-8 (r = −0.835, p < 0.0001) and IL-10 (r = 0.889, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The presently observed modulation of both inflammatory markers and antioxidant balance suggests cactus pear fruit as a novel and beneficial component to be incorporated into current healthy dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pintaudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gambino G, Allegra M, Sardo P, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA, Ferraro G, Carletti F. Brain Distribution and Modulation of Neuronal Excitability by Indicaxanthin From Opuntia Ficus Indica Administered at Nutritionally-Relevant Amounts. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:133. [PMID: 29867444 PMCID: PMC5954040 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have recently investigated the role of nutraceuticals in complex pathophysiological processes such as oxidative damages, inflammatory conditions and excitotoxicity. In this regard, the effects of nutraceuticals on basic functions of neuronal cells, such as excitability, are still poorly investigated. For this reason, the possible modulation of neuronal excitability by phytochemicals (PhC) could represent an interesting field of research given that excitotoxicity phenomena are involved in neurodegenerative alterations leading, for example, to Alzheimer’s disease. The present study was focused on indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica, a bioactive betalain pigment, with a proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, previously found to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to modulate the bioelectric activity of hippocampal neurons. On this basis, we aimed at detecting the specific brain areas where indicaxanthin localizes after oral administration at dietary-achievable amounts and highlighting eventual local effects on the excitability of single neuronal units. HPLC analysis of brain tissue 1 h after ingestion of 2 μmol/kg indicaxanthin indicated that the phytochemical accumulates in cortex, hippocampus, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum, but not in the striato-pallidal complex. Then, electrophysiological recordings, applying the microiontophoretic technique, were carried out with different amounts of indicaxanthin (0.34, 0.17, 0.085 ng/neuron) to assess whether indicaxanthin influenced the neuronal firing rate. The data showed that the bioelectric activity of neurons belonging to different brain areas was modulated after local injection of indicaxanthin, mainly with dose-related responses. A predominating inhibitory effect was observed, suggesting a possible novel beneficial effect of indicaxanthin in reducing cell excitability. These findings can constitute a new rationale for exploring biological mechanisms through which PhC could modulate neuronal function with a relapse on complex cognitive brain process and related neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Carletti
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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30
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Attanzio A, Ippolito M, Girasolo MA, Saiano F, Rotondo A, Rubino S, Mondello L, Capobianco ML, Sabatino P, Tesoriere L, Casella G. Anti-cancer activity of di- and tri-organotin(IV) compounds with D-(+)-Galacturonic acid on human tumor cells. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 188:102-112. [PMID: 29807841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the anti-proliferative activity in vitro, of R2SnGala (1-3) [R = Me, n-Bu, Ph] and novel R3SnGala (4, 5) [R = Me, n-Bu] with D-(+)-Galacturonic acid [HGala; Galaq-, q = (2) and (1) for R2SnGala and R3SnGala, respectively] compounds, towards human tumor cell lines of intestinal carcinoma (HCT-116) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). The new synthesized 4 and 5 compounds were characterized, in solution, by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR, that showed that HGala acts as monoanionic moiety and evidenced the dynamic behavior of the compounds, due to inter-conversions involving the anomeric carbon atom of the ligand. Cell viability, apoptosis induction and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the compounds, in the micro-submicromolar range, changed in the order of the organotin(IV) moieties, according to 5 > 3 > 2, while 1 and 4, containing MenSn(IV) (n = 2,3) moieties, were ineffective. Compound 5 showed peculiar cytotoxic effects. It did not cause time dependent inhibition of cell growth nor accumulated into the cells. Cell death induced by the active 2, 3, and 5, was shown to be apoptotic by measuring the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane and the loss of mitochondrial potential. All the cytotoxic compounds induced an accumulation of cells in the subG0/G1phase, while only 2 and 3 perturbed the cell cycle confining viable cells in G0/G1phase. Finally, none of the compounds investigated affected the viability of normal intestinal or liver cells, indicating selectivity towards tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maristella Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Girasolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Saiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali- Università di Messina, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino" Via Consolare Valeria, pad. G, Torre biologica, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, Stagno d'Alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Massimo L Capobianco
- ISOF - CNR Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Piera Sabatino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Casella
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 10, 90123 Palermo, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (C.I.R.C.M.S.B.), Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy.
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31
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Alvarez-Sala A, López-García G, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Cilla A, Barberá R, Alegría A. Effects of Plant Sterols or β-Cryptoxanthin at Physiological Serum Concentrations on Suicidal Erythrocyte Death. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:1157-1166. [PMID: 29345907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The eryptotic and hemolytic effects of a phytosterol (PS) mixture (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) or β-cryptoxanthin (β-Cx) at physiological serum concentration and their effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) (75 and 300 μM) were evaluated. β-Cryptoxanthin produced an increase in eryptotic cells, cell volume, hemolysis, and glutathione depletion (GSH) without ROS overproduction and intracellular Ca2+ influx. Co-incubation of both bioactive compounds protected against β-Cx-induced eryptosis. Under tBOOH stress, PS prevented eryptosis, reducing Ca2+ influx, ROS overproduction and GSH depletion at 75 μM, and hemolysis at both tBOOH concentrations. β-Cryptoxanthin showed no cytoprotective effect. Co-incubation with both bioactive compounds completely prevented hemolysis and partially prevented eryptosis as well as GSH depletion induced by β-Cx plus tBOOH. Phytosterols at physiological serum concentrations help to prevent pro-eryptotic and hemolytic effects and are promising candidate compounds for ameliorating eryptosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alvarez-Sala
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Gabriel López-García
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo , Via Archirafi 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
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Parrino B, Ullo S, Attanzio A, Spanò V, Cascioferro S, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Tesoriere L, Cirrincione G, Diana P. New Tripentone Analogs with Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112005. [PMID: 29156549 PMCID: PMC6150349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripentones represent an interesting class of compounds due to their significant cytotoxicity against different human tumor cells in the submicro-nanomolar range. New tripentone analogs, in which a pyridine moiety replaces the thiophene ring originating the fused azaindole system endowed with anticancer activity viz 8H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizinones, were efficiently synthesized in four steps with fair overall yields (34-57%). All tripentone derivatives were tested in the range of 0.1-100 μM for cytotoxicity against two human tumor cell lines, HCT-116 (human colorectal carcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer). The most active derivative, with GI50 values of 4.25 µM and 20.73 µM for HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells, respectively, did not affect the viability of Caco-2 differentiated in normal intestinal-like cells, suggesting tumor cells as the main target of its cytotoxic action. The same compound was further investigated in order to study its mode of action. Results showed that it did not exert necrotic effects, while induced a clear shift of viable cells towards early apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that this compound caused cell cycle alteration, inhibiting its progression in S and G2/M phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Salviana Ullo
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Parrino B, Attanzio A, Spanò V, Cascioferro S, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Tesoriere L, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Carbone A. Synthesis, antitumor activity and CDK1 inhibiton of new thiazole nortopsentin analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:371-383. [PMID: 28688277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new series of thiazole nortopsentin analogues was conveniently synthesized with fair overall yields. The antiproliferative activity of the new derivatives was tested against different human tumor cell lines of the NCI full panel. Four of them showed good antitumor activity with GI50 values from micro to nanomolar level. The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of these derivatives, was pro-apoptotic, being associated with externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine and DNA fragmentation. The most active and selective of the new thiazoles confined viable cells in G2/M phase and markedly inhibited in vitro CDK1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Rubino S, Busà R, Attanzio A, Alduina R, Di Stefano V, Girasolo MA, Orecchio S, Tesoriere L. Synthesis, properties, antitumor and antibacterial activity of new Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole) ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2378-2386. [PMID: 28336408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and binuclear Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes with 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole) (DTBTA) ligand are reported. [Pt(DTBTA)(DMSO)Cl]Cl∙CHCl3 (1) and [Pd2(µ-Cl)2(DTBTA)2]Cl2 (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, MS spectrometry and the content of platinum and palladium was determined using a flame atomic spectrometer. Two different coordination modes of 1 and 2 complexes were found; in both complexes, the coordination of Pt(II) and Pd(II) ions involves the N(3) atoms of the ligand but the binuclear complex 2, is a cis-chloro-bridged palladium complex. Evaluation of their in vitro antitumor activity against two human tumor cell lines human breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2); and their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Kokuria rhizophila was performed. Only complex 1 showed a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic activity against the two tumor cell lines, associated to apoptosis and accumulation of treated cells in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, while both 1 and 2 exhibited antimicrobial activity with complex 1 much more potent. The study on intracellular uptake in both MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines revealed that only platinum of complex 1 is present inside the cells, suggesting a different mode of action of the two compounds. This was also in agreement with the results obtained for the antitumor and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rosalia Busà
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Girasolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santino Orecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze pad. 16, Parco d'Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Cilla A, Alegría A, Attanzio A, Garcia-Llatas G, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA. Dietary phytochemicals in the protection against oxysterol-induced damage. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:192-205. [PMID: 28267434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many chronic diseases. These foods contain phytochemicals that often possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity and show anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative disorders. Many factors can be included in the etiopathogenesis of all of these multifactorial diseases that involve oxidative stress, inflammation and/or cell death processes, oxysterols, i.e. cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as well as phytosterol oxidation products (POPs), among others. These oxidized lipids result from either spontaneous and/or enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol/phytosterols on the steroid nucleus or on the side chain and their critical roles in the pathophysiology of the abovementioned diseases has become increasingly evident. In this context, many studies investigated the potential of dietary phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins C and E, among others) to protect against oxysterol toxicity in various cell models mimicking pathophysiological conditions. This review, summarizing the mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive effect of phytochemicals against the injury by oxysterols may constitute a step forward to consider the importance of preventive strategies on a nutritional point of view to decrease the burden of many age-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Girasolo MA, Tesoriere L, Casella G, Attanzio A, Capobianco ML, Sabatino P, Barone G, Rubino S, Bonsignore R. A novel compound of triphenyltin(IV) with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-l-ornithine causes cancer cell death by inducing a p53-dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Livrea MA. Monofloral honeys by Sicilian black honeybee ( Apis mellifera ssp. sicula) have high reducing power and antioxidant capacity. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00193. [PMID: 27882358 PMCID: PMC5113258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty samples from thirteen Sicilian monofloral honeys by the local black honeybee, and two honeydew honeys, were studied to assess phenol content, reducing power and antioxidant capacity as well as correlations among these parameters. Honeys from Apiaceae showed the highest phenol amount and capacity to reduce ferric ion and stable chemical radicals, whereas honeys from Leguminosae the lowest. All honeys were active against myoglobin-derived radicals usually formed in red meat after storage and/or heating and significant correlation (p = 0.023) was found between flavonoid content and deactivation rate of this radical. Dill > almond > tangerine > thistle > sulla honeys inhibited formation of lipoperoxides in either iron/ascorbate or azoinitiator -induced membrane lipid oxidation, whereas eucalyptus honey was mostly effective in the metal-dependent model. Honeys by black honeybee possess remarkable reducing power and antioxidant potential against radicals of interest in dietary foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Montalbano A, Tesoriere L, Diana P, Barraja P, Carbone A, Spanò V, Parrino B, Attanzio A, Livrea MA, Cascioferro S, Cirrincione G. Quality characteristics and in vitro digestibility study of barley flour enriched ditalini pasta. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rubino S, Pibiri I, Costantino C, Buscemi S, Girasolo MA, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L. Synthesis of platinum complexes with 2-(5-perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3yl)-pyridine and 2-(3-perfluoroalkyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine ligands and their in vitro antitumor activity. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 155:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Allegra M, Carletti F, Gambino G, Tutone M, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Almerico AM, Livrea MA. Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and Modulates Neuronal Bioelectric Activity in Rat Hippocampus at Dietary-Consistent Amounts. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:7353-7360. [PMID: 26227670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indicaxanthin is a bioactive and bioavailable betalain pigment from the Opuntia ficus-indica fruits. In this in vivo study, kinetic measurements showed that indicaxanthin is revealed in the rat brain within 1 h from oral administration of 2 μmol/kg, an amount compatible with a dietary consumption of cactus pear fruits in humans. A peak (20 ± 2.4 ng of indicaxanthin per whole brain) was measured after 2.5 h; thereafter the molecule disappeared with first order kinetics within 4 h. The potential of indicaxanthin to affect neural activities was in vivo investigated by a microiontophoretic approach. Indicaxanthin, administered in a range between 0.085 ng and 0.34 ng per neuron, dose-dependently modulated the rate of discharge of spontaneously active neurons of the hippocampus, with reduction of the discharge and related changes of latency and duration of the effect. Indicaxanthin (0.34 ng/neuron) showed inhibitory effects on glutamate-induced excitation, indicating activity at the level of glutamatergic synapses. A molecular target of indicaxanthin is suggested by in silico molecular modeling of indicaxanthin with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), the most represented of the glutamate receptor family in hippocampus. Therefore, at nutritionally compatible amounts indicaxanthin (i) crosses the rat BBB and accumulates in brain; (ii) can affect the bioelectric activity of hippocampal neurons locally treated with amounts comparable with those measured in the brain; and (iii) modulates glutamate-induced neuronal excitation. The potential of dietary indicaxanthin as a natural neuromodulatory agent deserves further mechanistic and neurophysiologic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Carletti
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuditta Gambino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
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Parrino B, Carbone A, Di Vita G, Ciancimino C, Attanzio A, Spanò V, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA, Diana P, Cirrincione G. 3-[4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines, nortopsentin analogues with antiproliferative activity. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1901-24. [PMID: 25854642 PMCID: PMC4413193 DOI: 10.3390/md13041901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of nortopsentin analogues, in which the imidazole ring of the natural product was replaced by thiazole and the indole unit bound to position 2 of the thiazole ring was substituted by a 7-azaindole moiety, was efficiently synthesized. Two of the new nortopsentin analogues showed good antiproliferative effect against the totality of the NCI full panel of human tumor cell lines (~60) having GI50 values ranging from low micromolar to nanomolar level. The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of these derivatives, investigated on human hepatoma HepG2 cells, was pro-apoptotic, being associated with externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the compounds induced a concentration-dependent accumulation of cells in the subG0/G1phase, while confined viable cells in G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gloria Di Vita
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cristina Ciancimino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonia Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, STEBICEF, via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Cilla A, Attanzio A, Barberá R, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA. Anti-proliferative effect of main dietary phytosterols and β-cryptoxanthin alone or combined in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells through cytosolic Ca+2 – and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Perrone A, Tesoriere L, Pintaudi AM, Attanzio A, Rigano P, Maggio A, Livrea MA. Raman spectroscopy technology to monitor the carotenoids in skin of thalassemia patients: a novel non-invasive tool relating oxidative stress with iron burden. Thal Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/thal.2014.s1.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Perrone A, Tesoriere L, Pintaudi AM, Attanzio A, Rigano P, Maggio A, Livrea MA. Raman spectroscopy technology to monitor the carotenoids in skin of thalassemia patients: a novel non-invasive tool relating oxidative stress with iron burden. Thal Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/thal.2014.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tesoriere L, Attanzio A, Allegra M, Cilla A, Gentile C, Livrea MA. Oxysterol mixture in hypercholesterolemia-relevant proportion causes oxidative stress-dependent eryptosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 34:1075-89. [PMID: 25228229 DOI: 10.1159/000366322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Oxysterol activity on the erythrocyte (RBC) programmed cell death (eryptosis) had not been studied yet. Effects of an oxysterol mixture in hyper-cholesterolemic-relevant proportion, and of individual compounds, were investigated on RBCs from healthy humans. METHODS Membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, calcium entry, ROS production, amino-phospholipid translocase (APLT) activity were evaluated by cytofluorimetric assays, cell volume from forward scatter. Prostaglandin PGE2 was measured by ELISA; GSH-adducts and lipoperoxides by spectrophotometry. Involvement of protein kinase C and caspase was investigated by inhibitors staurosporin, calphostin C, and Z-DEVD-FMK, respectively. RESULTS Oxysterols caused PS externalization and cell shrinkage, associated with PGE2release, opening of PGE2-dependent calcium channels, ROS production, GSH depletion, membrane lipid oxidation. Addition of antioxidants prevented Ca(2+) influx and eryptosis. Calcium removal prevented cell shrinkage, with small effect (-20%) on the PS exposure, whereas ROS generation was unaltered. Either in the presence or absence of calcium i) oxysterols inhibited APLT, ii) staurosporin, calphostin C, Z-DEVD-FMK blunted and iii) antioxidants fully prevented the oxysterol-induced PS externalization. Only 7-ketocholesterol and cholestan-3β,5α,6β-triol were individually active. Eryptosis was observed in RBCs isolated after ex vivo spiking of human whole blood with the oxysterol mixture. CONCLUSIONS Oxysterols induce an oxidative stress-dependent eryptosis, involving calcium-independent mechanisms. Eryptotic activity of oxysterols may be relevant in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technologies (STEBICEF), Universita di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Rubino S, Di Stefano V, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Girasolo M, Nicolò F, Bruno G, Orecchio S, Stocco G. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antiproliferative activity of two platinum(II) complexes containing N-donor heterocycles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Naselli F, Tesoriere L, Caradonna F, Bellavia D, Attanzio A, Gentile C, Livrea MA. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of whole extract and isolated indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica associated with re-activation of the onco-suppressor p16(INK4a) gene in human colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:652-8. [PMID: 24937448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals may exert chemo-preventive effects on cells of the gastro-intestinal tract by modulating epigenome-regulated gene expression. The effect of the aqueous extract from the edible fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI extract), and of its betalain pigment indicaxanthin (Ind), on proliferation of human colon cancer Caco-2 cells has been investigated. Whole extract and Ind caused a dose-dependent apoptosis of proliferating cells at nutritionally relevant amounts, with IC50 400±25 mg fresh pulp equivalents/mL, and 115±15 μM (n=9), respectively, without toxicity for post-confluent differentiated cells. Ind accounted for ∼80% of the effect of the whole extract. Ind did not cause oxidative stress in proliferating Caco-2 cells. Epigenomic activity of Ind was evident as de-methylation of the tumor suppressor p16(INK4a) gene promoter, reactivation of the silenced mRNA expression and accumulation of p16(INK4a), a major controller of cell cycle. As a consequence, decrease of hyper-phosphorylated, in favor of the hypo-phosphorylated retinoblastoma was observed, with unaltered level of the cycline-dependent kinase CDK4. Cell cycle showed arrest in the G2/M-phase. Dietary cactus pear fruit and Ind may have chemo-preventive potential in intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Naselli
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Carla Gentile
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Tesoriere L, Gentile C, Angileri F, Attanzio A, Tutone M, Allegra M, Livrea MA. Trans-epithelial transport of the betalain pigments indicaxanthin and betanin across Caco-2 cell monolayers and influence of food matrix. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1077-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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