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Jilcott Pitts SB, Wu Q, Moran NE, Laska MN, Harnack L. Examining Potential Modifiers of Human Skin and Plasma Carotenoid Responses in a Randomized Trial of a Carotenoid-Containing Juice Intervention. J Nutr 2023; 153:3287-3294. [PMID: 37742797 PMCID: PMC10687613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoid measurements are emerging as a valid and reliable indicator of fruit and vegetable intake and carotenoid intake. However, little is known about the extent to which skin carotenoid responsivity to dietary changes differs based on demographic and physiologic characteristics. OBJECTIVES This study examined potential effect modifiers of skin carotenoid and plasma carotenoid responses to a carotenoid-rich juice intervention. METHODS We leveraged data from 2 arms of a 3-site randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice intervention (moderate dose = 6 ounces juice, 4 mg total carotenoids/d, high dose = 12 ounces juice, 8 mg total carotenoids/d) (n = 106) to examine effect modification by age, self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, skin hemoglobin, skin hemoglobin saturation, skin coloration, sun exposure, and baseline intake of carotenoids from foods. Skin carotenoid concentrations were assessed using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), and plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, among the high-dose group (8 mg/d), those of older age had lower skin carotenoid responsiveness than their younger counterparts, and those with greater hemoglobin saturation and lighter skin had higher skin carotenoid score responsiveness. In the moderate-dose group (4 mg/d), participants from one site had greater plasma carotenoid responsiveness than those from other sites. In multivariate analyses, participants with higher baseline skin carotenoids had smaller skin carotenoid responses to both moderate and high doses. CONCLUSIONS Changes in skin carotenoid scores in response to interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake should be interpreted in the context of baseline skin carotenoid scores, but other variables (e.g., self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, and sun exposure) do not significantly modify the effect of carotenoid intake on changes in skin carotenoid scores. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04056624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Healthy Weight Research Center, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Nutrition Coordinating Center, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Hwang JE, Park JY, Jung MH, Eom K, Moon HS, Joung H, Kim YJ. Evaluation of a Commercial Device Based on Reflection Spectroscopy as an Alternative to Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Measuring Skin Carotenoid Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7654. [PMID: 37688110 PMCID: PMC10490775 DOI: 10.3390/s23177654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) has been used as a reference method for measuring skin carotenoid levels (SCL), which indicate vegetable and fruit intake. However, RRS is not an easy-to-use method in SCL measurement due to its complicated implementation. In this study, a commercial spectrophotometer based on reflection spectroscopy (RS), which is relatively simple and inexpensive, was evaluated to confirm usability compared with RRS in measuring SCL. To investigate the agreement between RS and RRS, eighty participants were randomly assigned to a high-carotenoid diet group (21 mg/day of total carotenoids) or a control-carotenoid diet group (14 mg/day of total carotenoids) during a 6-week whole-diet intervention period and a 4-week tracking period. Strong correlations between the RS and RRS methods were observed at baseline (r = 0.944) and the entire period (r = 0.930). The rate of SCL increase was similar during the diet intervention; however, the initiation of the SCL decrease in RS was slower than in RRS during the tracking period. To confirm the agreement of RS and RRS from various perspectives, new visualization tools and indices were additionally applied and confirmed the similar response patterns of the two methods. The results indicate that the proposed RS method could be an alternative to RRS in SCL measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Myoung Hoon Jung
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Hyun Seok Moon
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea;
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Henley Ms K, Reeder Ms N, Persell Bs A, Tolar-Peterson Edd T. Fruit and vegetable liking and intake among college students: a cross-sectional study. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:1815-1821. [PMID: 34242142 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1947834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study examined the liking of fruits and vegetables among college students and the relationship between skin carotenoid levels and liking of fruits and vegetables. Participants: Sixty-six undergraduate students enrolled at a university in the southeastern United States participated in this study beginning August 2019. Methods: Skin carotenoid levels were measured using the Veggie Meter® reflection spectroscopy device. Liking of individual fruits and vegetables was measured using a hedonic general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Results: There were significant differences in mean skin carotenoid levels by year of study and age group. Students had a very strong liking for potatoes and pineapple. Veggie Meter scores and overall liking for fruits and vegetables were positively correlated. Conclusions: In order to encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables, preferences for specific fruits and vegetables as well as accessibility should be considered to better serve and accommodate college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentauria Henley Ms
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Nicole Reeder Ms
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Anna Persell Bs
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Terezie Tolar-Peterson Edd
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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Ahn S, Ahn S, Jang H, Eom K, Kim YJ, Hwang JE, Chung JI, Park JY, Nam S, Choi YH, Joung H. Validation of resonance Raman spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid status as a biomarker for fruit and vegetable intake in Korean adults. Br J Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37184085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood carotenoid concentration measurement is considered the gold standard for fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake estimation; however, this method is invasive and expensive. Recently, skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by optical sensors has been evaluated as a promising parameter for F&V intake estimation. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to validate the utility of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-assessed SCS as a biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults. We used data from 108 participants aged 20-69 years who completed SCS measurements, blood collection, and 3-d dietary recordings. Serum carotenoid concentrations were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and dietary carotenoid and F&V intakes were estimated via 3-d dietary records using a carotenoid database for common Korean foods. The correlations of the SCS with serum carotenoid concentrations, dietary carotenoid intake, and F&V intake were examined to assess SCS validity. SCS was positively correlated with total serum carotenoid concentration (r=0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.36 to 0.64, P<0.001), serum β-carotene concentration (r=0.60, 95% CI=0.47 to 0.71, P<0.001), total carotenoid intake (r=0.20, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.37, P=0.04), β-carotene intake (r=0.30, 95% CI=0.11 to 0.46, P=0.002), and F&V intake (r=0.40, 95% CI=0.23 to 0.55, P<0.001). These results suggest that SCS can be a valid biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoeun Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmo Ahn
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jang
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Chung
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Obana A, Asaoka R, Takayanagi Y, Gohto Y. Inter-device concordance of Veggie Meter, a reflection spectroscopy to measure skin carotenoids. J Biophotonics 2023:e202300071. [PMID: 37072378 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Veggie Meter® (VM) is a refraction spectrometer that detects skin carotenoids. We tested the variability of the two modes (single-scan and averaging modes) of four VMs of three different versions (VM-1, 2, 3, 4) with 92 healthy volunteers. Both the modes exhibited a high intraclass correlation coefficient; however, the averaging mode had a significantly lower coefficient of variance than the single-scan mode. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a systematic error between VM-1 and other three VMs. The actual errors between the VM-1 and the other three VMs in the averaging mode were 7.4, 10.4, and 11.8% of the median of VM scores, but the errors could be reduced to 2.8, 6.3, and 7.0% by compensating VM scores using the regression equations. Averaging mode had higher accuracy than single-scan mode. The reliability of the VMs was validated by the small CV and high ICC. The error was improved using linear regression compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu 3453 Mikataharacho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsucho, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Gohto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Thapa R, Addo EK, Ruit S, Bernstein PS. Assessment of Skin Carotenoid Measurement as a Means to Detect Vitamin A Deficiency in Children and Pregnant Women of Nepal. J Nutr 2023; 153:1211-1219. [PMID: 36780945 PMCID: PMC10356995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an ongoing public health concern among children and pregnant women in Nepal despite robust national efforts to screen and treat this vision- and life-threatening condition. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate skin carotenoid scores measured using the Veggie Meter as a rapid, noninvasive screening tool for VAD in Nepali children and pregnant women. METHODS This comparative cross-sectional study enrolled 164 pregnant women and 168 children (aged 8 to 12 y) from public hospitals in three distinct outlying ecological regions of Nepal (Terai, Hill, and Mountain). The primary outcome assessed whether skin carotenoid status could be a biomarker for VAD. We determined skin carotenoid scores using the Veggie Meter and compared them with serum retinol and total carotenoid concentrations assessed by HPLC. Correlation analysis was used to determine bivariate associations between serum retinol and total carotenoid concentrations, and the Veggie Meter assessed skin carotenoid status. Receiver operating characteristics curves were determined, and a P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found that 8.5% of pregnant women and 13.0% of children in this study had severe VAD (serum retinol < 200 ng/mL). There were significant correlations between skin carotenoid scores with serum retinol and total carotenoid concentrations among pregnant women and children (r = 0.253-0.530, P ≤ 0.001). The Veggie Meter detected severe VAD with 57.1% sensitivity and 82.7% specificity in pregnant women and 61.9% sensitivity and 75.9% specificity in children. CONCLUSIONS Although sensitivity and specificity were moderate for detecting VAD with the Veggie Meter, skin carotenoid assessment using this rapid, noninvasive portable device could still be valuable for high-risk VAD screening in Nepal and similar developing countries with limited access to laboratory measurement of serum vitamin A concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raba Thapa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Emmanuel K Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Sanduk Ruit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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Jilcott Pitts S, Moran NE, Laska MN, Wu Q, Harnack L, Moe S, Carr-Manthe P, Gates E, Chang J, Zaidi Y, Gelineau A, Berg L, Craft NE. Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample. J Nutr 2023; 153:1133-1142. [PMID: 36804322 PMCID: PMC10356992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflection spectroscopy, utilized by the Veggie Meter, is a less-expensive, noninvasive method to quantify skin carotenoids and is a valid approximation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, it is unknown to what degree Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score change is responsive to changes in carotenoid intake. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score response in a 6-wk randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice to determine whether the Veggie Meter can be used to detect nutritionally relevant changes in carotenoid intake; and to compare skin and plasma carotenoid responses with the 6-wk trial. METHODS In this 6-wk trial, participants (n = 162) who self-identified as one of 4 US racial/ethnic groups (25% Black, 25% Asian, 27% non-Hispanic White, 23% Hispanic) were randomized to a control group, receiving negligible carotenoids (177 mL apple juice/d), moderate-dose group, receiving 4 mg total carotenoids/d (177 mL orange-carrot juice/d), or high-dose group, receiving 8 mg total carotenoids/d (355 mL orange-carrot juice/d). Skin carotenoid score and plasma total carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin) were assessed at baseline, 3 wk, and 6 wk (n = 158 completed the trial). Repeated measures linear models were used to examine skin and plasma carotenoids over time and between groups. RESULTS At 6 wk, participants in the high-dose and moderate-dose groups had significantly higher mean skin carotenoid scores [414.0 (SD = 100.6) and 369.7 (SD = 100.3), respectively] compared with those in the control group [305.2 (100.5)]. In the high-dose group, there was a 42% change in skin carotenoids from baseline (mean = 290.4) to a 6-wk follow-up (increase of 123, 123/290 = 42.4%). There was a 61% change in the plasma carotenoids in the high-dose group. CONCLUSIONS The Veggie Meter is sensitive to increases in daily carotenoid intake in diverse racial/ethnic groups over 6 wk. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ID: NCT04056624. Study URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04056624.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wu
- East Carolina University Department of Public Health, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Stacey Moe
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Gates
- East Carolina University Department of Public Health, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Yusuf Zaidi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lauren Berg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Casperson SL, Scheett A, Palmer DG, Jahns L, Hess JM, Roemmich JN. Biochemical Validation of a Self-Administered Carotenoid Intake Screener to Assess Carotenoid Intake in Nonobese Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100024. [PMID: 37180085 PMCID: PMC10111597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between carotenoid intake and health. However, an accurate measurement of carotenoid intake is challenging. FFQ is the most commonly used dietary assessment method and is typically composed of 100-200 items. However, the greater participant burden that accompanies a more detailed FFQ provides only a marginal gain in accuracy. Therefore, a brief validated carotenoid intake screener is needed. Objectives To conduct secondary analysis evaluating the validity of a newly developed 44-item carotenoid intake screener from The Juice Study: Sensitivity of Skin Carotenoid Status to Detect Change in Intake (NCT03202043) against corresponding plasma carotenoid concentrations (primary) and skin carotenoids (secondary) in nonobese Midwestern American adults. Methods Healthy adults (n = 83; 25 men and 58 women) aged 18-65 y (mean age, 32 ± 12 y) with a BMI (in kg/m2) of 18.5-29.9 (mean BMI, 25 ± 3) were recruited between 25 April 2018 and 28 March 2019. Participants completed the carotenoid intake screener weekly during the 8-wk parent study. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were assessed at weeks 0, 4, and 8 using HPLC. Skin carotenoids were assessed weekly using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS). Correlation matrices from mixed models were used to determine the correlation between carotenoid intake and plasma and skin carotenoids over time. Results The total carotenoid intake, as determined by the carotenoid intake screener, correlated with both the plasma total carotenoid concentration (r = 0.52; P < 0.0001) and the RS-assessed skin carotenoid concentration (r = 0.43; P < 0.0001). Correlations between reported intake and plasma concentrations of α-carotene (r = 0.40; P = 0.0002), cryptoxanthin (r = 0.28; P = 0.0113), and lycopene (r = 0.33; P = 0.0022) were also observed. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate an acceptable relative validity of the carotenoid intake screener to assess total carotenoid intake in adults classified as those having a healthy body or those with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon L. Casperson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Angela Scheett
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Daniel G. Palmer
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Division of Nutrition, REE National Institute of Food and Agriculture Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, USDA, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Julie M. Hess
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - James N. Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Casperson SL, Roemmich JN, Larson KJ, Hess JM, Palmer DG, Jahns L. Sensitivity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy to Detect Changes in Skin Carotenoids in Adults Without Obesity in Response to Increased Carotenoid Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:588-597. [PMID: 36894250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity of commercially available devices to detect changes in skin carotenoids is not known. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the sensitivity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS) to detect changes in skin carotenoids in response to increasing carotenoid intake. METHODS Nonobese adults were randomly assigned to a control (water; n = 20; females = 15 (75%); mean age: 31 ± 3 (SE) y; mean BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2) or one of 3 carotenoid intake levels: 1) LOW - 13.1 mg; n = 22; females = 18(82%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 25 ± 1 kg/m2; 2) MED - 23.9 mg; n = 22; females = 17 (77%); age: 30 ± 2 y; BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2); or 3) HIGH - 31.0 mg; n = 19; females = 9 (47%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 24 ± 1 kg/m2. A commercial vegetable juice was provided daily to ensure that the additional carotenoid intake was achieved. Skin carotenoids (RS intensity [RSI]) were measured weekly. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were assessed at wk 0, 4, and 8. Mixed models were used to test the effect of treatment, time, and their interaction. Correlation matrices from mixed models were used to determine the correlation between plasma and skin carotenoids. RESULTS A correlation was observed between skin and plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65; P < 0.001). Skin carotenoids were greater than baseline starting at week 1 in the HIGH (290 ± 20 vs. 321 ± 24 RSI; P ≤ 0.01), week 2 in the MED (274 ± 18 vs. 290 ± 23 RSI; P ≤ 0.03), and week 3 in the LOW (261 ± 18 vs. 288 ± 15 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). Compared with control, differences in skin carotenoids were observed starting at week 2 in the HIGH ([268 ± 16 vs. 338 ± 26 RSI; P ≤ 0.01] except for week 3 [287 ± 20 vs. 335 ± 26 RSI; P = 0.08]) and week 6 in the MED (303 ± 26 vs. 363 ± 27 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). No differences were observed between the control and LOW. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that RS can detect changes in skin carotenoids in adults without obesity when daily carotenoid intake is increased by 13.1 mg for a minimum of 3 wk. However, a minimum difference in intake of 23.9 mg of carotenoids is needed to detect group differences. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03202043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon L Casperson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - James N Roemmich
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kate J Larson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Julie M Hess
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Daniel G Palmer
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Division of Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Moran NE, Wu Q, Harnack L, Craft NE, Hanchard N, Bell R, Moe SG, Johnson N, Obasohan J, Carr-Manthe PL, Laska MN. Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity as a Biomarker of Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study of 4 Racial or Ethnic Groups. J Nutr 2022; 152:107-116. [PMID: 34562088 PMCID: PMC8754514 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research. OBJECTIVES To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively. METHODS Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration by HPLC-photodiode array detection. Self-reported carotenoid and FV intake was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ. Relations between skin carotenoids, plasma carotenoids, FV, and carotenoid intake, with differences by race or ethnicity, age, sex, weight status, cholesterol, and melanin index, were examined by bivariate correlations and adjusted multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS The overall unadjusted correlation between skin and total plasma carotenoids was r = 0.71 and ranged from 0.64 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.80 (Hispanic). Correlations between skin carotenoids and self-reported FV intake ranged from 0.24 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.53 (non-Hispanic white), with an overall correlation of r = 0.35. In models adjusted for age, sex, racial or ethnic group, and BMI, skin carotenoids were associated with plasma carotenoids (R2 = 0.55), FV (R2 = 0.17), and carotenoid intake (R2 = 0.20). For both plasma carotenoid and FV measures, associations with skin carotenoids did not vary by race, but these relations did differ by skin melanin-those with lower melanin had a lower correlation between skin and plasma carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Reflection spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids may be a reasonable alternative to measurement of plasma carotenoids, a biomarker used to approximate FV intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC,
USA
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Neil Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronny Bell
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stacey G Moe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nevin Johnson
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Justice Obasohan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela L Carr-Manthe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Takayanagi Y, Obana A, Muto S, Asaoka R, Tanito M, Ermakov IV, Bernstein PS, Gellermann W. Relationships between Skin Carotenoid Levels and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11. [PMID: 35052521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; their protective roles are of particular interest in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The reflection spectroscopy method has been recently developed to noninvasively measure skin carotenoid (SC) levels, which highly correlates with serum concentration of carotenoids. The relationship between SC levels and metabolic syndrome has been investigated. We aimed to identify the differences in patient characteristics and SC levels between participants with and without MetS in a large health examination population. In addition, the relationships between SC levels and various clinical parameters related to MetS were investigated. SC levels were measured using a reflection spectroscopy. A total of 1812 Japanese participants (859 male, 953 female; mean age ± standard deviation (SD), 57.8 ± 11.0 years) comprised the study population, i.e., participants with MetS (n = 151) and those without MetS (n = 1661). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with MetS. Compared to controls (377.3 ± 122.8), SC indices were significantly lower in patients with MetS (340.7 ± 112.5, p = 0.0004). Multivariate models also suggested that lower SC was significantly associated with MetS after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habit, and other potential risk factors for MetS. Furthermore, male gender (p < 0.0001), smoking habit (p < 0.0001) and worse lipid profiles (i.e., serum triglyceride (r = -0.1039, p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.1259, p < 0.0001), and usage of hypolipidemic agents (p = 0.0340)) were significantly associated with lower SC levels. The current study indicated that lower SC levels were significantly associated with MetS. This study highlights the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids in patients with MetS and the clinical utility of non-invasive and cost-effective SC measurement to detect participants who are at risk of developing MetS in a large population.
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12
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Pratt KJ, Hill EB, Kiser HM, VanFossen CE, Braun A, Taylor CA, Spees C. Changes in Parent and Child Skin Carotenoids, Weight, and Dietary Behaviors over Parental Weight Management. Nutrients 2021; 13:2227. [PMID: 34209574 PMCID: PMC8308330 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The objective was to determine changes in parent-child (ages 7-18) dyad skin carotenoids spanning parental participation in a medical weight management program (WMP), and associations with parent BMI, child BMIz, fruit/vegetable intake, and family meals and patterns. (2) The study design was a longitudinal dyadic observational study with assessment at WMP initiation, mid-point (3-months), and conclusion (6-months). Twenty-three dyads initiated the study, 16 provided assessments at 3 months, and 11 at program conclusion. Associations between parent and child carotenoids (dependent variables) and parent BMI, child BMIz, increases in fruit/vegetable intake, and family meals and patterns were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and independent samples t-tests. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed changes in weight status and carotenoids. (3) Parents experienced significant declines in BMI and skin carotenoid levels over 6 months. Parent and child carotenoids were correlated at each assessment. At initiation, parent BMI and carotenoids were inversely correlated, child carotenoids were associated with increased family meals, and never consuming an evening fast food or restaurant meal were associated with increased parent and child carotenoids. (4) Results demonstrate skin carotenoids are strongly correlated within dyads and may be associated with lower parental BMI and positive family meal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keeley J. Pratt
- Human Development and Family Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.M.K.); (C.E.V.)
- The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily B. Hill
- Divison of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.H.); (A.B.); (C.A.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Haley M. Kiser
- Human Development and Family Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.M.K.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Catherine E. VanFossen
- Human Development and Family Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.M.K.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Ashlea Braun
- Divison of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.H.); (A.B.); (C.A.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Christopher A. Taylor
- Divison of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.H.); (A.B.); (C.A.T.); (C.S.)
| | - Colleen Spees
- Divison of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.H.); (A.B.); (C.A.T.); (C.S.)
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13
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Martinelli S, Acciai F, Tasevska N, Ohri-Vachaspati P. Using the Veggie Meter in Elementary Schools to Objectively Measure Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Pilot Study. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:33. [PMID: 34066275 DOI: 10.3390/mps4020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reported fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in children has limitations that could be overcome with objective measures that are easy to implement. The Veggie Meter (VM) is a non-invasive portable device that measures skin carotenoid levels, a concentration biomarker of usual FV intake. While VM has been used to measure FV consumption in adults, few studies have explored its use in elementary school settings. Designing research studies using the VM with elementary school-age children requires an understanding of how well this device can be used in a school setting and of the distribution of VM scores in this population. We used VM to measure skin carotenoids in a diverse sample of 143 elementary school children who also answered commonly asked questions about consumption frequency of FV the previous day. Multivariable regression was used to assess the independent association of demographic variables with VM scores. VM scores were also compared with student-reported FV intake. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between reported frequency of total vegetable consumption the previous day and observed VM scores (r = 0.174, p = 0.042). This study provides an example of the successful use of the VM in a school setting to collect an objective measure of FV intake and provides important description of data that can inform future studies.
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Toh DWK, Lee WY, Zhou H, Sutanto CN, Lee DPS, Tan D, Kim JE. Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum) Consumption with a Healthy Dietary Pattern Lowers Oxidative Stress in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040567. [PMID: 33917032 PMCID: PMC8067708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating zeaxanthin-rich wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) into a healthy dietary pattern may augment its antioxidant potential. The present 16-week, parallel design randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the impact of adhering to a healthy dietary pattern, either with or without whole dried wolfberry (15 g/d) on oxidative stress status (plasma malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α) in middle-aged and older adults. Changes to carotenoids status (plasma and skin carotenoids) and body composition were further evaluated to explore potential mechanisms which underlie the antioxidant properties of wolfberry. Plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, plasma zeaxanthin and skin carotenoids status were significantly raised in the wolfberry consuming group (n = 22; p < 0.05) compared to the control group which showed no changes (n = 18). Likewise in the wolfberry group only, inverse association was observed between the change values of plasma zeaxanthin and plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (−0.21 (−0.43, 0.00) ng/µmol, regression coefficient (95% CI); p = 0.05). Wolfberry consumption with a healthy dietary pattern may serve as a dietary strategy to attenuate lipid peroxidation among middle-aged and older adults who are at a heightened risk of oxidative stress induced age-related disorders. The antioxidant properties of wolfberry may be attributed to its rich zeaxanthin content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung Eun Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-1136; Fax: +65-6775-7895
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15
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Johnson NS, Wu Q, Firnhaber GC, Preet Kaur A, Obasohan J. A meta-analysis of studies examining associations between resonance Raman spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma carotenoids among adults and children. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:230-241. [PMID: 33822186 PMCID: PMC8754254 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT No meta-analyses appeared to have been conducted to examine overall correlations between resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids. OBJECTIVE To review the available literature and quantify the association between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids via a meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES To identify relevant publications, we searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest, and Scopus databases in April 2020 for items combining 3 concepts: Raman spectroscopy, skin, and plasma or serum. DATA EXTRACTION Criteria for inclusion were publication in a peer-reviewed journal between 1990 and 2020, available in English language, and results reported as a baseline Pearson correlation coefficient. In teams of 2, the researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts of 2212 nonduplicate papers with initial screening yielding 62 papers for full-text review, of which 15 were deemed eligible for inclusion. DATA ANALYSIS A random-effects model in R (version 4.0.0) "meta" package was used to analyze the correlation between RRS-assessed skin and plasma/serum carotenoids. A subgroup analysis was conducted for studies involving adults and children, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 15 studies included 1155 individuals: 963 adults and 192 children. One study included children and adults. The random-effects model yielded an overall correlation of 0.68 (95%CI, 0.61-0.74; I2 = 74%; P < 0.01). The results were similar when grouped by adults and children. Among 963 adults, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.69 (95%CI, 0.61-0.75; I2 = 78%; P < 0.01). Among 192 children, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.66 (95%CI, 0.52- 0.77; I2 = 55%; P = 0.06). Overall, there was a positive, statistically significant correlation between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids in a pooled meta-analysis of 15 studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (record number 178835).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nevin S Johnson
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gina C Firnhaber
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Archana Preet Kaur
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justice Obasohan
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Bayles J, Peterson AD, Jilcott Pitts S, Bian H, Goodell LS, Burkholder S, Hegde AV, Stage VC. Food-Based Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) Learning Activities May Reduce Decline in Preschoolers' Skin Carotenoid Status. J Nutr Educ Behav 2021; 53:343-351. [PMID: 33349594 PMCID: PMC8044028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of food-based science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) learning activities on preschoolers' liking of 9 target vegetables and objectively-assessed fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. METHODS Seven hands-on, food-based STEAM learning activities were implemented to expose children to 9 target vegetables in 3 Head Start preschools (11 classrooms) across North Carolina. Child-reported vegetable liking scores and skin carotenoid status (SCS) were dependent variables collected at baseline, midpoint, and posttest. Adjusted repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine intervention impact. RESULTS A total of 113 children (intervention = 49; comparison = 64) participated. Children were an average age of 3.7 ± 0.57 years at baseline. Mean target vegetable liking scores for the intervention and comparison groups, respectively, were 3.2 ± 0.19 and 3.2 ± 0.17 at baseline, 2.9 ± 0.17 and 3.1 ± 0.15 at midpoint, and 2.8 ± 0.15 and 3.1 ± 0.13 at posttest. A time × group interaction was not significant for target vegetable liking scores. Mean SCS were 268.6 ± 13.24 and 270.9 ± 12.13 at baseline, 271.3 ± 12.50 and 275.6 ± 11.46 at midpoint, and 267.8 ± 11.26 and 229.6 ± 10.32 at posttest for the intervention and comparison groups, respectively. A time × group interaction was significant for SCS (F1,77 = 3.98; P = 0.02; r = 0.10). Both groups declined from baseline to posttest (intervention = 0.06%; comparison = 15.09%), which occurred after winter break, with a smaller decline observed in the intervention group (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Food-based STEAM learning activities may present a unique opportunity to affect FV intake while meeting academic standards. More research is needed to understand how liking for familiar FV changes over time and its relationship with consumption. In addition, more implementation research featuring larger sample sizes, teachers as the interventionist, and a longer study duration is needed to confirm the outcomes of food-based STEAM learning observed in the current study and the long-term impact this approach may have on children's' dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Bayles
- Food-based Early Education (FEEd) Lab, Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Amanda D Peterson
- Food-based Early Education (FEEd) Lab, Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Stephanie Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Hui Bian
- Office for Faculty Excellence, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - L Suzanne Goodell
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Sarah Burkholder
- Food-based Early Education (FEEd) Lab, Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Archana V Hegde
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Virginia C Stage
- Food-based Early Education (FEEd) Lab, Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
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Seguin-Fowler RA, Hanson KL, Marshall GA, Belarmino EH, Jilcott Pitts SB, Kolodinsky J, Sitaker M, Ammerman A. Fruit and Vegetable Intake Assessed by Repeat 24 h Recalls, but Not by A Dietary Screener, Is Associated with Skin Carotenoid Measurements in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030980. [PMID: 33803576 PMCID: PMC8003042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is important for nutrition surveillance and evaluation of dietary interventions. We compared two tools for reporting FV intake to objective measurement of skin carotenoids among children. FV cups/day was assessed by repeated 24 h dietary recalls (24H FV) and the National Cancer Institute’s All-Day Fruit and Vegetable Screener (NCI FV). Skin carotenoids were measured by repeated resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) of the palm. FV cups were regressed on RRS scores in unadjusted, field-based, and research-setting models with covariates feasible in each scenario. Data were baseline values from children aged 2–12 years in low-income households enrolled in a healthy eating randomized trial in four U.S. states (n = 177). Twenty-four-hour FV cups were associated with skin carotenoids in all models (p < 0.001) but NCI FV cups were not. Predicted RRS scores for discrete 24H FV cups provide a guide to interpretation of RRS in children (2 cups FV intake ~36,000 RRS units), with the research-setting scenario generally providing the narrowest prediction range (+/−1924). When self-reported data are required, 24 h recalls are more accurate than NCI FV screener data; and, when limited time, resources, or literacy must be considered, RRS scores can be quickly obtained and easily interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Seguin-Fowler
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and the Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(979)-845-8486
| | - Karla L. Hanson
- Master of Public Health Program and the Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.L.H.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Grace A. Marshall
- Master of Public Health Program and the Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.L.H.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Emily H. Belarmino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | | | - Jane Kolodinsky
- Community Development and Applied Economics Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | | | - Alice Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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18
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May K, Jilcott Pitts S, Stage VC, Kelley CJ, Burkholder S, Fang X, Zeng A, Lazorick S. Use of the Veggie Meter® as a tool to objectively approximate fruit and vegetable intake among youth for evaluation of preschool and school-based interventions. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:869-875. [PMID: 32281191 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflection spectroscopy is an emerging, non-invasive objective measure used to approximate fruit and vegetable intake. The present study aimed to use a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter®, Longevity Link Corporation, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) to assess skin carotenoid status in preschool, middle- and high-school students and to examine associations between skin carotenoids and self-reported dietary intake. METHODS In Autumn 2018, we used the Veggie Meter® to assess skin carotenoids and age-appropriate validated dietary assessment measures to approximate fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Preschool participants completed a previously validated pictorial liking tool using an iPad (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA). Middle-school participants completed selected questions from the validated School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) (Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA) questionnaire regarding frequency of their FV and beverage intake on the previous day, with additional questions about physical activity. High-school participants' FV intake was assessed using the Fruit and Vegetable Screener (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine bivariate associations between measures of dietary intake and Veggie Meter®-assessed skin carotenoid levels. RESULTS Mean (SD) Veggie Meter® readings were 266 (82.9), 219 (68.1) and 216 (67.2) among preschool, middle- and high-school students. There was an inverse association between soda intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = -0.22, P = 0.03) among middle-school students; and a positive association between daily fruit intake and Veggie Meter® readings (r = 0.25, P = 0.06) among high-school students. CONCLUSIONS The Veggie Meter® comprises a promising evaluation tool for preschool and school-based nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K May
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - V C Stage
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - C J Kelley
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S Burkholder
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - X Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - A Zeng
- ECU Honors Medical Research Program, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S Lazorick
- Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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McGuirt JT, Jilcott Pitts SB, Gustafson A. Association between Spatial Access to Food Outlets, Frequency of Grocery Shopping, and Objectively-Assessed and Self-Reported Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1974. [PMID: 30551652 PMCID: PMC6316649 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because supermarkets are a critical part of the community food environment, the purpose of this paper is to examine the association between accessibility to the supermarket where participants were surveyed, frequency of shopping at the supermarket, and self-reported and objectively-assessed fruit and vegetable consumption. Accessibility was assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) measured distance and multiple versions of the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), including a localized road network buffer version. Frequency of shopping was assessed using self-report. The National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable screener was used to calculate daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Skin carotenoids were assessed using the "Veggie Meter™" which utilizes reflection spectroscopy to non-invasively assess skin carotenoids as an objective measure of fruit and vegetable consumption. Bivariate and multivariable statistics were used to examine the associations in RStudio. There was a positive association between skin carotenoids and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) and mRFEI scores, suggesting that WIC participation and a healthier food environment were associated with objectively-assessed fruit and vegetable consumption (skin carotenoids). Future research should examine these associations using longitudinal study designs and larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alison Gustafson
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Vasto S, Pintaudi AM, Livrea MA, Allegra M. Short-term cactus pear [ Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill] fruit supplementation ameliorates the inflammatory profile and is associated with improved antioxidant status among healthy humans. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1262. [PMID: 30150921 PMCID: PMC6104507 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary ingredients and food components are major modifiable factors protecting immune system and preventing the progression of a low-grade chronic inflammation responsible for age-related diseases. Objective Our study explored whether cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, Surfarina cultivar) fruit supplementation modulates plasma inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults. Correlations between inflammatory parameters and antioxidant status were also assessed in parallel. Design In a randomised, 2-period (2 weeks/period), crossover, controlled-feeding study, conducted in 28 healthy volunteers [mean age 39.96 (±9.15) years, BMI 23.1 (±1.5) kg/m2], the effects of a diet supplemented with cactus pear fruit pulp (200 g, twice a day) were compared with those of an equivalent diet with isocaloric fresh fruit substitution. Results With respect to control, cactus pear diet decreased ( p < 0.05) the pro-inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ (INF)-γ, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), whereas it increased ( p < 0.05) the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10. Moreover, the diet decreased ratios between pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory biomarker (IL-10) ( p < 0.05). Cactus pear supplementation caused an increase ( p < 0.05) in dermal carotenoids (skin carotenoid score, SCS), a biomarker of the body antioxidant status, with correlations between SCS and CRP (r = −0.905, p < 0.0001), IL-8 (r = −0.835, p < 0.0001) and IL-10 (r = 0.889, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The presently observed modulation of both inflammatory markers and antioxidant balance suggests cactus pear fruit as a novel and beneficial component to be incorporated into current healthy dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pintaudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Beccarelli LM, Scherr RE, Dharmar M, Ermakov IV, Gellermann W, Jahns L, Linnell JD, Keen CL, Steinberg FM, Young HM, Zidenberg-Cherr S. Using Skin Carotenoids to Assess Dietary Changes in Students After 1 Academic Year of Participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:73-78.e1. [PMID: 28341018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether fourth-grade students participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP), a school-based nutrition intervention, would change vegetable and carotenoid intake measured by skin carotenoids and dietary intake. METHODS Single-group pretest-posttest with a self-selected, convenience sample of students (n = 30) participating in the SHCP, which lasted 1 academic year (9 months). Dietary intake of vegetables and carotenoids as measured by Block food frequency questionnaire and skin carotenoids as measured by Raman spectroscopy were collected at the school preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS Reported carotenoid intake decreased by 1.5 mg (P = .05) and skin carotenoids decreased by 2,247.9 RRS intensity units (P = .04). Change in reported intake correlated with change in skin carotenoids (r = .43; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The reported decrease in vegetable and carotenoid intake was unanticipated; nevertheless, the RRS measurements confirmed this. RRS data can help evaluate changes in fruit and vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Beccarelli
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
| | - Madan Dharmar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA; Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | - Lisa Jahns
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Jessica D Linnell
- Family and Community Health, Extension Service-Tillamook and Lincoln Counties, Oregon State University, Tillamook, OR
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA
| | - Heather M Young
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sheri Zidenberg-Cherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Davis, CA
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