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Hupfeld KE, Zöllner HJ, Hui SCN, Song Y, Murali-Manohar S, Yedavalli V, Oeltzschner G, Prisciandaro JJ, Edden RAE. Impact of acquisition and modeling parameters on the test-retest reproducibility of edited GABA. NMR Biomed 2024; 37:e5076. [PMID: 38091628 PMCID: PMC10947947 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Literature values vary widely for within-subject test-retest reproducibility of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) measured with edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we tested whether three acquisition parameters-(1) sequence complexity (two-experiment MEscher-GArwood Point RESolved Spectroscopy [MEGA-PRESS] vs. four-experiment Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA-Edited Spectroscopy [HERMES]); (2) editing pulse duration (14 vs. 20 ms); and (3) scanner frequency drift (interleaved water referencing [IWR] turned ON vs. OFF)-and two linear combination modeling variations-(1) three different coedited macromolecule models (called "1to1GABA", "1to1GABAsoft", and "3to2MM" in the Osprey software package); and (2) 0.55- versus 0.4-ppm spline baseline knot spacing-affected the within-subject coefficient of variation of GABA + macromolecules (GABA+). We collected edited MRS data from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex from 20 participants (mean age: 30.8 ± 9.5 years; 10 males). Test and retest scans were separated by removing the participant from the scanner for 5-10 min. Each acquisition consisted of two MEGA-PRESS and two HERMES sequences with editing pulse durations of 14 and 20 ms (referred to here as MEGA-14, MEGA-20, HERMES-14, and HERMES-20; all TE = 80 ms, 224 averages). We identified the best test-retest reproducibility following postprocessing with a composite model of the 0.9- and 3-ppm macromolecules ("3to2MM"); this model performed particularly well for the HERMES data. Furthermore, sparser (0.55- compared with 0.4-ppm) spline baseline knot spacing yielded generally better test-retest reproducibility for GABA+. Replicating our prior results, linear combination modeling in Osprey compared with simple peak fitting in Gannet resulted in substantially better test-retest reproducibility. However, reproducibility did not consistently differ for MEGA-PRESS compared with HERMES, for 14- compared with 20-ms editing pulses, or for IWR-ON versus IWR-OFF. These results highlight the importance of model selection for edited MRS studies of GABA+, particularly for clinical studies that focus on individual patient differences in GABA+ or changes following an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Hupfeld
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve C N Hui
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Takashima Y, Inaba T, Matsuyama T, Yoshii K, Tanaka M, Matsumoto K, Sudo K, Tokuda Y, Omi N, Nakano M, Nakaya T, Fujita N, Sotozono C, Sawa T, Tashiro K, Ohta B. Potential marker subset of blood-circulating cytokines on hematopoietic progenitor-to-Th1 pathway in COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1319980. [PMID: 38476443 PMCID: PMC10927758 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1319980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed a relatively large subset of proteins, including 109 kinds of blood-circulating cytokines, and precisely described a cytokine storm in the expression level and the range of fluctuations during hospitalization for COVID-19. Of the proteins analyzed in COVID-19, approximately 70% were detected with Bonferroni-corrected significant differences in comparison with disease severity, clinical outcome, long-term hospitalization, and disease progression and recovery. Specifically, IP-10, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sCD30, sCD163, HGF, SCYB16, IL-16, MIG, SDF-1, and fractalkine were found to be major components of the COVID-19 cytokine storm. Moreover, the 11 cytokines (i.e., SDF-1, SCYB16, sCD30, IL-11, IL-18, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, sTNF-R2, M-CSF, and I-309) were associated with the infection, mortality, disease progression and recovery, and long-term hospitalization. Increased expression of these cytokines could be explained in sequential pathways from hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation to Th1-derived hyperinflammation in COVID-19, which might also develop a novel strategy for COVID-19 therapy with recombinant interleukins and anti-chemokine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Inaba
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yoshii
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics in Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Matsumoto
- Faculty of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tokuda
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Natsue Omi
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakano
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohisa Fujita
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- University Hospital Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Tashiro
- Department of Genomic Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bon Ohta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Deschrevel J, Andries A, Maes K, Peeters J, van Opstal A, Jiang D, De Beukelaer N, Corvelyn M, Staut L, De Houwer H, Costamagna D, Desloovere K, Van Campenhout A, Gayan-Ramirez G. Histological analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle in preschool and school age children with cerebral palsy compared with age-matched typically developing children. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C573-C588. [PMID: 38105751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00344.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistent alterations in skeletal muscle histology have been reported in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and whether alterations are present in young children and differ from older children is not yet known. This study aimed to define histological alterations in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) of ambulant CP (gross-motor classification system, GMFCS I-III) stratified in two age groups (preschool children, PS: 2-5 and school age children, SA: 6-9-yr old) compared with age-matched typically developing (TD) children. We hypothesized that alterations in muscle microscopic properties are already present in PS-CP and are GMFCS level specific. Ultrasound guided percutaneous microbiopsies were collected in 46 CP (24-PS) and 45 TD (13-PS) children. Sections were stained to determine fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and proportion, capillary, and satellite cell amount. Average absolute and normalized fCSA were similar in CP and TD, but a greater percentage of smaller fibers was found in CP. Coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly larger in PS-CP-GMFCS I-II and for type I fiber. In SA-CP, all fiber types contributed to the higher CV. Type IIx proportion was higher and type I was lower in PS-CP-GMFCS-III and for all SA-CP. Reduced capillary-to-fiber ratio was present in PS-CP-GMFCS II-III and in all SA-CP. Capillary fiber density was lower in SA-CP. Capillary domain was enhanced in all CP, but capillary spatial distribution was maintained as was satellite cell content. We concluded that MG histological alterations are already present in very young CP but are only partly specific for GMFCS level and age.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inconsistent histological alterations have been reported in children with cerebral palsy (CP) but whether they are present in very young and ambulant CP children and differ from those reported in old CP children is not known. This study highlighted for the first time that enhanced muscle fiber size variability and loss of capillaries are already present in very young CP children, even in the most ambulant ones, and these alterations seem to extend with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke Deschrevel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Andries
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jules Peeters
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axel van Opstal
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dina Jiang
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Beukelaer
- Neurorehabilitation group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Corvelyn
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lauraine Staut
- Neurorehabilitation group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah De Houwer
- Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Neurorehabilitation group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Exercise Physiology Research group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Neurorehabilitation group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wen X, Yang H, Yang M, Tao W, Chen J, Zhao S, Yin M, Zhou X, Yang Y, Li Y. Factors that determine glucose variability, defined by the coefficient of variation in continuous glucose monitoring values, in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:611-621. [PMID: 37953677 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the clinical determinants of the coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose by analysing the pancreatic β-cell function of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 716 Chinese subjects with T2DM were included. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to assess blood glucose, and the CV was calculated. C-peptide concentration at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 hours (Cp0h, Cp0.5h, Cp1h, Cp2h and Cp3h, respectively) was measured after a standard 100-g steamed bun meal test to assess pancreatic β-cell function. The determinants of glucose variability defined by the CV of CGM values were explored from two perspectives: the CV of qualitative variables and the CV of quantitative variables. RESULTS Our data revealed that C-peptide concentration (Cp0h, Cp0.5h, Cp1h, Cp2h, Cp3h), area under the curve for C-peptide concentration at 0.5 and 3 hours (AUC-Cp0.5h and AUC-Cp3h) decreased with increasing CV quartile (P < 0.05). The CV was negatively correlated with homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function index, C-peptide concentration at all timepoints, and AUC-Cp0.5h and AUC-Cp3h (P < 0.001). Quantile regression analysis showed that AUC-Cp0.5h had an overall negative effect on the CV in the 0.05 to 0.95 quartiles, and AUC-Cp3h tended to have a negative effect on the CV in the 0.2 to 0.65 quartiles. After adjusting for confounders, multinomial logistic regression showed that each 1-unit increase in AUC-Cp0.5h was associated with a 31.7% reduction in the risk of unstable glucose homeostasis (CV > 36%; P = 0.036; odds ratio 0.683; 95% confidence interval 0.478-0.976). We also identified the AUC-Cp0.5h (0.735 ng/mL) and AUC-Cp3h (13.355 ng/mL) cut-off values for predicting unstable glucose homeostasis (CV >36%) in T2DM subjects. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that impaired pancreatic β-cell function may be a clinical determining factor of CV of glucose in people with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Wenyu Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaoli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Mingliu Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Xie H, Xia C, Zhao H, Xia Z, Zhang N, Huang Y. Variability, asymmetry, and bilateral coordination of gait during single- and dual-task walking of patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38294519 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2309454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated coefficient of variation (CV), gait asymmetry (GA) and phase coordination index (PCI) in CSVD (cerebral small vessel disease) patients during STW (single task walking) and DTW (dual task walking) and explored the relationship between above parameters with disease severity and cognitive function. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected cognitive function indices and gait parameters from 23 healthy controls and 94 patients with CSVD during STW and DTW. According to the Fazekas scales, the severity of CSVD valued by white matter hyperintensity (WMH) were divided into control, mild, moderate, severe and control group. MRIs were analyzed for WMHs, CMB, lacunes, etc. RESULTS The control group showed lower PCI than CSVD patients during STW; no differences were detected among the disease severity groups. During DTW, all four groups exhibited significant differences in PCI and CV. For the moderate and severe groups, coordination and variation significantly differed between the two walking methods. There were correlations between the PCI and GA in the moderate and severe groups (R = 0.376, R = 0.573 during DTW; R = 0.414, R = 0.643 during STW), and no correlations in the control group and mild CSVD group. Conclusion: PCI and CV may be vital for detecting the symptoms in the early stage of CSVD disease. We also verified that the PCI could become the bridge across the cognition and motor disorder in CSVD, which was helpful for evaluating clinical symptoms comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 5 nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiqiao Xia
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 5 nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 5 nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Number 984 Hospital of the PLA, 116 zaojiatun village, Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxi Xia
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 5 nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 5 nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 5 nanmencang Hutong, Dongsishitiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
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Deschrevel J, Andries A, Maes K, De Beukelaer N, Corvelyn M, Staut L, De Houwer H, Costamagna D, Desloovere K, Van Campenhout A, Gayan-Ramirez G. Short-Term Effects of Botulinum Toxin-A Injection on the Medial Gastrocnemius Histological Features in Ambulant Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Pilot Study. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:69. [PMID: 38393147 PMCID: PMC10891867 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) injection is known to exert beneficial effects on muscle tone, joint mobility and gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, recent animal and human studies have raised the concern that BoNT-A might be harmful to muscle integrity. In CP-children, the impact of BoNT-A on muscle structure has been poorly studied, and inconsistent results have been reported. This study was aimed at determining the time course effect of a single BoNT-A administration on medial gastrocnemius (MG) morphology in CP-children. MG microbiopsies from 12 ambulant and BoNT-A-naïve CP-children (age, 3.4 (2.3) years, ranging from 2.5 to 7.8 years; seven boys and five girls; GMFCS I = 5, II = 4 and III = 3) were collected before and 3 and 6 months after BoNT-A treatment to analyze the fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and proportion; capillarization; and satellite cell (SC) content. Compared with the baseline, the fCSA decreased at 3 months (-14%, NS) and increased at 6 months (+13%, NS). Fiber size variability was significantly higher at 3 months (type I: +56%, p = 0.032; type IIa: +37%, p = 0.032) and 6 months (type I: +69%, p = 0.04; type IIa: +121%, p = 0.032) compared with the baseline. The higher type I proportion seen at 3 months was still present and more pronounced at 6 months (type I: +17%, p = 0.04; type IIx: -65%, p = 0.032). The capillary fiber density was reduced at 3 months (type I: -43%, NS; type II: -44%, p = 0.0320) but normalized at 6 months. There was a non-significant increase in SC/100 fibers at 3 months (+75%, NS) and 6 months (+40%, NS) compared with the baseline. These preliminary data suggest that BoNT-A induced alterations in the MG of children with CP, which were still present 6 months after BoNT-A injection but with signs of muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke Deschrevel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, O&N 1bis Box 706, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (A.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Anke Andries
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, O&N 1bis Box 706, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (A.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Karen Maes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, O&N 1bis Box 706, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (A.A.); (K.M.)
| | - Nathalie De Beukelaer
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101 Box 1501, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.D.B.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (K.D.)
| | - Marlies Corvelyn
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, O&N4 Box 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Lauraine Staut
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101 Box 1501, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.D.B.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (K.D.)
| | - Hannah De Houwer
- Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Development and Regeneration, Herestraat 49 Box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.D.H.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101 Box 1501, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.D.B.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (K.D.)
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, O&N4 Box 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Tervuursevest 101 Box 1500, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Neurorehabilitation Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tervuursevest 101 Box 1501, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.D.B.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (K.D.)
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Development and Regeneration, Herestraat 49 Box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (H.D.H.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, O&N 1bis Box 706, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.); (A.A.); (K.M.)
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Cuk I, Markovic S, Weiss K, Knechtle B. Running Variability in Marathon-Evaluation of the Pacing Variables. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:218. [PMID: 38399506 PMCID: PMC10890654 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pacing analyses for increasingly popular long-distance running disciplines have been in researchers' spotlight for several years. In particular, assessing pacing variability in long-distance running was hardly achievable since runners must repeat long-running trials for several days. Potential solutions for these problems could be multi-stage long-distance running disciplines. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the long-distance running variability as well as the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the variables often used for pacing analyses. Materials and Methods: This study collected the split times and finish times for 20 participants (17 men and three women; mean age 55.5 years ± 9.5 years) who completed the multiday marathon running race (five marathons in 5 days), held as part of the Bretzel Ultra Tri in Colmar, France, in 2021. Seven commonly used pacing variables were subsequently calculated: Coefficient of variation (CV), Change in mean speed (CS), Change in first lap speed (CSF), Absolute change in mean speed (ACS), Pace range (PR), Mid-race split (MRS), and First 32 km-10 km split (32-10). Results: Multi-stage marathon running showed low variability between days (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.920), while only the CV, ACS, and PR variables proved to have moderate to good reliability (0.732 < ICC < 0.785). The same variables were also valid (r > 0.908), and sensitive enough to discern between runners of different performance levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Researchers and practitioners who aim to explore pacing in long-distance running should routinely utilize ACS, CV, and PR variables in their analyses. Other examined variables, CS, CSF, MRS, and 32-10, should be used cautiously. Future studies might try to confirm these results using different multi-stage event's data as well as by expanding sensitivity analysis to age and gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cuk
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Markovic
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Lazar S, Ionita I, Reurean-Pintilei D, Timar R, Luca SA, Timar B. To What Extent Is Hb A1c Associated with Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes? A Retrospective, Noninterventional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:450. [PMID: 38256584 PMCID: PMC10816236 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic variability (GV) is a novel parameter used in evaluating the quality of diabetes management. Current guidelines recommend the use of GV indexes alongside the traditional parameter to evaluate glycemic control: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). This study aims to evaluate the extent to which HbA1c explains the GV phenomena in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). METHODS In 147 patients with T1DM, associations between HbA1c and several GV indexes were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with an HbA1c < 7% had a lower median standard deviation of glycemia (60 vs. 48; p < 0.001), a lower coefficient of variation (34.1 vs. 38.0; p < 0.001), and a significantly increased median time in range (78 vs. 58; p < 0.001). HbA1c was positively correlated with the coefficient of variation (r = 0.349; p < 0.001) and the standard deviation (r = 0.656; p < 0.001) but reversely correlated with a lower time in range (r = -0.637; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HbA1c only partially explains the GV phenomena in patients with T1DM. The HbA1c value is associated more strongly with the time in range and standard deviation than with the coefficient of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lazar
- First Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Emergency Municipal Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.R.-P.); (R.T.); (S.A.L.); (B.T.)
| | - Ioana Ionita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Hematology, Emergency Municipal Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Research Center for Malignant Hematological Diseases (CCMHM), “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Reurean-Pintilei
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.R.-P.); (R.T.); (S.A.L.); (B.T.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Consultmed Medical Centre, 700544 Iasi, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.R.-P.); (R.T.); (S.A.L.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Ana Luca
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.R.-P.); (R.T.); (S.A.L.); (B.T.)
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.R.-P.); (R.T.); (S.A.L.); (B.T.)
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Pius Brinzeu” Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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9
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Pellegrino S, Fonti R, Vallone C, Morra R, Matano E, De Placido S, Del Vecchio S. Coefficient of Variation in Metastatic Lymph Nodes Determined by 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Advanced NSCLC: Combination with Coefficient of Variation in Primary Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:279. [PMID: 38254770 PMCID: PMC10813913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to test whether the coefficient of variation (CoV) of 18F-FDG PET/CT images of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumors may predict clinical outcome in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods Fifty-eight NSCLC patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT at diagnosis were evaluated. SUVmax, SUVmean, CoV, MTV and TLG were determined in targeted lymph nodes and corresponding primary tumors along with Total MTV (MTVTOT) and Whole-Body TLG (TLGWB) of all malignant lesions. Univariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression whereas the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests were used for survival analysis. Results Fifty-eight metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed and average values of SUVmax, SUVmean, CoV, MTV and TLG were 11.89 ± 8.54, 4.85 ± 1.90, 0.37 ± 0.16, 46.16 ± 99.59 mL and 256.84 ± 548.27 g, respectively, whereas in primary tumors they were 11.92 ± 6.21, 5.47 ± 2.34, 0.36 ± 0.14, 48.03 ± 64.45 mL and 285.21 ± 397.95 g, respectively. At univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was predicted by SUVmax (p = 0.0363), SUVmean (p = 0.0200) and CoV (p = 0.0139) of targeted lymph nodes as well as by CoV of primary tumors (p = 0.0173), MTVTOT (p = 0.0007), TLGWB (p = 0.0129) and stage (p = 0.0122). Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, OS was significantly better in patients with CoV of targeted lymph nodes ≤ 0.29 than those with CoV > 0.29 (p = 0.0147), meanwhile patients with CoV of primary tumors > 0.38 had a better prognosis compared to those with CoV ≤ 0.38 (p = 0.0137). Finally, we combined the CoV values of targeted lymph nodes and primary tumors in all possible arrangements and a statistically significant difference was found among the four survival curves (p = 0.0133). In particular, patients with CoV of targeted lymph nodes ≤ 0.29 and CoV of primary tumors > 0.38 had the best prognosis. Conclusions The CoV of targeted lymph nodes combined with the CoV of primary tumors can predict prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pellegrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Rosa Fonti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Carlo Vallone
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Rocco Morra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (E.M.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Elide Matano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (E.M.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (E.M.); (S.D.P.)
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.)
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10
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Richez J, Rothschild PR, Baillard C, Guerrier G. Investigating pupillometry to detect preoperative anxiety: a pilot study. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1296387. [PMID: 38239470 PMCID: PMC10795181 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1296387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Guidelines from the European Society of Anesthesia (ESA) insist on the importance of preoperative anxiety management. However, its assessment currently relies on questionnaires that are long to submit and sometimes difficult to interpret. Exploring the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural systems through the use of pupillometry is a promising path to identify anxiety and thus provides an objective and reproducible assessment tool. A single-center prospective observational study was conducted in a population of ambulatory ophthalmological surgery patients. Preoperative anxiety was assessed using the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ). Measurements were taken using an Algiscan® (IDMed) type pupillometer before, during, and after insertion of the peripheral IV catheter. A statistical correlation test was carried out between the different evaluations of anxiety and the coefficient of variation of the pupillary diameter (VCPD). A total of 71 patients were included in the study between July 2020 and February 2021, with a median SFQ score of 23 [IQR 11-34]. No significant statistical correlation was found between the baseline pupillary diameter, or VCPD, and preoperative anxiety levels. Similarly, the pupillometric variables did not differ significantly when adjusting for the level of anxiety during and after painful stimulation due to canulation. More studies are necessary to explore the potential correlation between preoperative anxiety and pupillometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Richez
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Baillard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Guerrier
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Jenkins AK, Bromm JJ, Gebhardt JT, Woodworth JC, Goodband RD, Tokach MD, DeRouchey JM. Technical note: utilization of various allotment strategies to evaluate variation and replications required to detect statistical significance in nursery pig research. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae088. [PMID: 38571338 PMCID: PMC11034435 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 720 barrows (line 200 × 400, DNA genetics) were used in two 42-d nursery trials (initially 6.20 ± 0.12 kg and 5.63 ± 0.16 kg, respectively) to evaluate strategies for allotting pigs to pens in randomized controlled trials. At placement, the population was split into three cohorts with similar average weight and standard deviation and randomly assigned to one of the three allotment strategies. Strategy 1 (random) utilized a simple randomization strategy with each pig randomized to pens independent of all other pigs. Strategy 2 (body weight [BW] distribution) sorted each pig within the cohort into one of the five BW groups. One pig from each weight group was then randomly assigned to a pen such that distribution of BW within pen was uniform across pens. Strategy 3 (BW grouping) sorted pigs within the cohort into 3 BW categories: light, medium, and heavy. Within each BW category, pigs were randomized to pen to create pens of pigs from each BW category. Within each experiment, there were 72 pens with five pigs per pen and 24 pens per allotment strategy. For all strategies, once pigs were allotted to pens, pens were allotted to one of the two treatments for a concurrent trial. In experiment 1, environmental enrichment using ropes tied near the pan of the feeder was compared to a control with no enrichment. In experiment 2, treatment diets consisted of basal levels of Zn and Cu from the trace mineral premix for the duration of the study (110 and 17 mg/kg, respectively; control), or diets (supplemented control) with carbadox (50 g/ton; Mecadox, Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ) fed in phase 1 (days 0 to 22) and 2 (days 22 to 43), pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu (2,414 mg/kg Zn from ZnO; 168 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4) fed in phase 1, and only pharmacological levels of Cu (168 mg/kg Cu from CuSO4) fed in phase 2. These treatment designs were used to determine the impact on coefficient of variation (CV) and to estimate the number of replications required to find significant treatment differences based on allotment strategy. There were no meaningful allotment strategy × treatment interactions for either study. For between-pen CV, pigs allotted using BW distribution and BW grouping strategies had the lowest CV at allotment and final weight in both trials. For overall average daily gain in experiments 1 and 2 in experiment 2, the BW distribution strategy required the fewest replications to detect differences in performance. However, there is no meaningful difference between allotment strategies in replications required to detect significant differences for gain:feed ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Jenkins
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jenna J Bromm
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
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12
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Krishnamoorthy K, Murshed MM. Confidence estimation based on data from independent studies. Stat Methods Med Res 2024; 33:42-60. [PMID: 38055982 DOI: 10.1177/09622802231217644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The problem of finding confidence intervals based on data from several independent studies or experiments is considered. A general method of finding confidence intervals by inverting a combined test is proposed. The combined tests considered are the Fisher test, the weighted inverse normal test, the inverse chi-square test and the inverse Cauchy test. The method is illustrated for finding confidence intervals for a common mean of several normal populations, common correlation coefficient of several bivariate normal populations, common coefficient of variation, common mean of several lognormal populations, and for a common mean of several gamma populations. For each case, the confidence intervals based on the combined tests are compared with the other available approximate confidence intervals with respect to coverage probability and precision. R functions to compute all confidence intervals are provided in a supplementary file. The methods are illustrated using several practical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Monzur Murshed
- Department of Mathematics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
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13
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Xu S, Narwaney KJ, Nguyen AP, Binswanger IA, McClure DL, Glanz JM. An individual segmented trajectory approach for identifying opioid use patterns using longitudinal dispensing data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5708. [PMID: 37814576 PMCID: PMC10841826 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to use electronic opioid dispensing data to develop an individual segmented trajectory approach for identifying opioid use patterns. The resulting opioid use patterns can be used for examining the association between opioid use and drug overdose. METHODS We retrospectively assembled a cohort of members on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2019 who were 18 years and older and enrolled in one of three health care systems in the US. We have developed an individual segmented trajectory analysis for identifying various opioid use patterns by scanning over the follow-up and finding distinct opioid use patterns based on variability measured with coefficient of variation and trends of milligram morphine equivalents levels. RESULTS Among 31, 865 members who were on LTOT between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2019, 58.3% were female, and the average age was 55.4 years (STD = 15.4). The study population had 152 557 person-years of follow-up, with an average follow-up of 4.4 years per enrollment per person (STD = 3.4). This novel approach identified up to 13 distinct patterns including 88 756 episodes of "stable" pattern (42.1%) with an average follow-up of 11.2 months, 29 140 episodes of "increasing" pattern (13.8%) with an average follow-up of 6.0 months, 13 201 episodes of ≤10% dose reduction (6.3%) with an average follow-up of 10.4 months, 7286 episodes of 11%-20% dose reduction (3.5%) with an average follow-up of 5.3 months, 4457 episodes of 21%-30% dose reduction (2.1%) with an average follow-up of 4.0 months, and 9903 episodes of >30% dose reduction (4.7%) with an average follow-up of 2.6 months. CONCLUSIONS A novel approach was developed to identify 13 distinct opioid use patterns using each individual's longitudinal dispensing data and these patterns can be used in examining overdose risk during the time that these patterns are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Xu
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Komal J Narwaney
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anh P Nguyen
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ingrid A Binswanger
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Chemical Dependency Treatment Services, Colorado Permanente Medical Group, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David L McClure
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jason M Glanz
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Rubio AA, Conrad S, Juzaitis-Boelter C, Wishon CR, Fahrenholz AC. The impact of marker selection, in-line near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and feed mix time on the coefficient of variation (mix uniformity), body weight uniformity and broiler growth performance during the starter, grower, and finisher periods. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103109. [PMID: 37832185 PMCID: PMC10568556 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most feed manufacturers in the United States use the same mixing time (and thus mix uniformity) throughout the growing period regardless of age and consumption patterns. However, research evaluating the optimum mixing time requirements and novel analysis methods, such as in-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, on the coefficient of variation (CV) and growth performance of broilers throughout the production phases is sparse. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of marker selection, in-line NIR, and varying mix times on mix uniformity, broiler growth performance, and body weight uniformity from 1 to 42 d of age. Feed was manufactured utilizing a 1,815-kg counterpoise ribbon mixer. In both experiments, feed was mixed for 4.5 min (3 min dry mix and 90 s of wet mix) and 30 s (0 s dry mix and 30 s wet mix) to obtain a standard mix (SM) and an abbreviated mix (AM), respectively. Experiment 1 constituted a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of 2 mix times, (4.5 and 0.5 min), 2 batch sizes (908 and 1,815 kg), and 4 methodologies to evaluate mixer performance (sodium chloride, Microtracers (Red#40 and Blue#40), and in-line NIR). In experiment 2, broilers received different mix time combinations: 1) SM from 1 to 42 d, 2) SM from 1 to 28 d and AM from 28 to 42 d, 3) SM from 1 to 14 d and AM from 14 to 42 d, and 4) AM from 1 to 42 d. In both experiments, selecting a single source marker provided a more accurate estimation of mixer CV in SM and AM diets (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, mix time did not influence BW, feed intake (FI), FCR, or individual bird BW CV from 1 to 42 d of age (P > 0.05). These data indicated that mixer CV differed depending on total mix time and methodology used and diets with a reduced mix time may not necessarily influence growth performance and BW uniformity during the starter, grower, and finisher periods of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Rubio
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - S Conrad
- Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | | | - C R Wishon
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - A C Fahrenholz
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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15
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Riis J, Westergaard L, Karmisholt J, Andersen SL, Andersen S. Biological variation in thyroid function tests in older adults and clinical implications. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 99:598-605. [PMID: 37723656 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpreting thyroid function tests can be challenging due to inherent variation, and the need for tests rises with age. While age-related changes in thyrotropin (TSH) levels are known, the biological variation in older adults remains unclear. DESIGN We recruited nineteen 65-99-year-old (older adults) without thyroid disease for monthly blood sampling for 1 year. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Serum was stored at -20C°, and TSH, total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) were analysed in random order in a single batch for each participant. Results were compared to test results from 15 euthyroid men aged 24-53 years (younger adults) collected previously using a similar methodology. RESULTS Interindividual coefficients of variation in older/younger adults were 46.7%/44.0% for TSH, 12.7%/19.5% for TT4 and 14.6%/22.4% for TT3. Intraindividual coefficients of variation (CVI ) were 19.0%/25.4% for TSH, 5.5%/10.8% for TT4 and 6.9%/13.2% for TT3. The index of individuality was below 0.6 for all hormones in all age groups. The number of samples required to determine the homoeostatic set-point at 10% precision in older adults was 14-21 for TSH and 2 for TT4 and TT3. TT4 in older adults was the only parameter in any group with comparable CVI between individuals (p = .22). CONCLUSIONS CVI for TT4 and TT3 was halved in older compared to younger adults with two tests of TT4 needed to describe the individual set-point. Similar CVI between older adults caused TT4 to provide a reliable estimate of thyroid function, and the added value of measuring thyroxine could improve clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Riis
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Louise Westergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Karmisholt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Linding Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stig Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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16
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Tjaden AH, Edelstein SL, Arslanian S, Barengolts E, Caprio S, Cree-Green M, Lteif A, Mather KJ, Savoye M, Xiang AH, Kahn SE. Reproducibility of Glycemic Measures Among Dysglycemic Youth and Adults in the RISE Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1125-e1133. [PMID: 36938582 PMCID: PMC10505524 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous work found poor reproducibility for measures of glycemia in individuals at risk for dysglycemia. Differences between youth and adults have not been assessed. Using youth and adults in the Restoring Insulin Secretion Study, we tested variability and classification concordance for hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting and 2-hour glucose from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). METHODS HbA1c and glucose on repeated samples obtained ∼6 weeks apart were compared in 66 youth (mean age 14.2 years) and 354 adults (52.7 years). Changes, coefficient of variation (CV), and concordance of diagnostic categories between the 2 visits were compared. RESULTS Mean difference between the 2 visits in HbA1c was higher in youth than adults (P < .001), while fasting glucose was similar and 2-hour glucose was lower in youth (P = .051). CV was smallest for HbA1c compared to fasting and 2-hour glucose. For HbA1c, youth had higher CV (P < .001); whereas CV for 2-hour glucose was lower for youth (P = .041). Classification concordance by HbA1c was lower in youth (P = .004). Using OGTT or HbA1c for classification, intervisit variability produced discordant classification in 20% of youth and 28% of adults. Using both fasting glucose and HbA1c, intervisit variability reduced discordant classification to 16% of adults while not improving classification in youth. CONCLUSIONS Poor reproducibility and lack of classification concordance highlight the limitations of one-time testing, with important implications for assessing eligibility in clinical trials. Consideration should be given to using more than a single parameter for screening and diagnosis, especially when classification category is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley H Tjaden
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sharon L Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, Milken Institute School of Public Health The George Washington University, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena Barengolts
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus/Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amale Lteif
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kieren J Mather
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mary Savoye
- Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chu L, Ma Y, Li B, Hou X, Shi Y, Li W. A Sub-Aperture Overlapping Imaging Method for Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar Carried by a Small Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7849. [PMID: 37765906 PMCID: PMC10537968 DOI: 10.3390/s23187849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) can obtain higher image resolution and more target information using 360° observation of the target. Due to the anisotropy of target scattering characteristics in the actual scene, the sub-aperture imaging method is usually used for CSAR imaging. However, the uniformly divided overlapping sub-aperture CSAR imaging algorithm only considers phase compensation, ignoring the effect of target scattering characteristics on echo amplitude. In CSAR imaging scenarios carried by small rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (SRUAVs), the size of the observed scene cannot be ignored compared to the distance between the target and the antenna and the effect of the anisotropy of the target scattered energy on the echo amplitude should be considered. In this paper, a sub-aperture CSAR imaging method based on adaptive overlapping sub-aperture is proposed. First, the boundary points of the sub-aperture are determined by analyzing the correlation coefficient and the variation coefficient of the energy function. Next, the overlapping sub-aperture division schemes are automatically generated by screening and combining the boundary points. The sub-aperture images are then generated by a Back Projection (BP) algorithm. Finally, sub-aperture image registration and incoherent superposition are used to generate the final CSAR image. Verified by the CSAR field echo data, the proposed method can realize imaging of the original echo data without the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) observation data. Compared with the CSAR full-aperture BP imaging algorithm, the entropy of the image generated by the proposed method increased by 66.77%. Compared with the sub-aperture CSAR imaging algorithm, the entropy of the image generated by the proposed method was improved by 11.12%, retaining more details of the target, improving the target contour features, and enhancing the focusing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chu
- Department of UAV Engineering, Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China; (L.C.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Yanheng Ma
- Department of UAV Engineering, Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China; (L.C.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Bingxuan Li
- Department of UAV Engineering, Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China; (L.C.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaoze Hou
- Department of UAV Engineering, Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China; (L.C.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuanping Shi
- Department of UAV Engineering, Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China; (L.C.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of UAV Engineering, Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang 050003, China; (L.C.); (B.L.); (X.H.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
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Funnell MP, Mears SA, James LJ. A self-paced 15-minute cycling time trial is a reliable performance measure in recreationally active individuals. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1581-1586. [PMID: 37979194 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2283993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Cycling time trial (TT) protocols have been shown to be reliable in trained cyclists, but their reproducibility in lesser-trained individuals is unknown. This study examined the reliability of a self-paced 15-minute cycling TT in recreationally active individuals. Twelve recreationally active males (age 27 ± 3 y; body mass 75.2 ± 8.9 kg; V ˙ O2peak = 51.10 ± 7.53 ml∙kg∙min-1) completed a V ˙ O2peak test and four experimental trials, separated by > 48 h. Experimental trials consisted of 10 min cycling at 60% Wmax, followed by a self-paced 15-min TT. Heart rate and work done were recorded every 5 min during the TT; and coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated. Work done was not different (P = 0.706) between trials (193.2 ± 45.3 kJ; 193.2 ± 43.5 kJ; 192.0 ± 42.3 kJ; 193.9 ± 42.8 kJ). Within participant CV ranged from 0.5-4.9% for the four TTs, with a mean CV of 2.1%. Mean CV decreased from 2.0% (range 0.1-5.0%) for the first two TTs to 1.7% (range 0.2-5.6%) for the second and third TTs, and further decreased to 1.0% (range 0.2-1.8%) for the third and fourth TTs. In conclusion, the use of a short-duration self-paced cycling TT in recreationally active individuals is a reliable performance measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Funnell
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Stephen A Mears
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Lewis J James
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Sanderson S, Bolnick DI, Kinnison MT, O'Dea RE, Gorné LD, Hendry AP, Gotanda KM. Contemporary changes in phenotypic variation, and the potential consequences for eco-evolutionary dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26 Suppl 1:S127-S139. [PMID: 37840026 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Most studies assessing rates of phenotypic change focus on population mean trait values, whereas a largely overlooked additional component is changes in population trait variation. Theoretically, eco-evolutionary dynamics mediated by such changes in trait variation could be as important as those mediated by changes in trait means. To date, however, no study has comprehensively summarised how phenotypic variation is changing in contemporary populations. Here, we explore four questions using a large database: How do changes in trait variances compare to changes in trait means? Do different human disturbances have different effects on trait variance? Do different trait types have different effects on changes in trait variance? Do studies that established a genetic basis for trait change show different patterns from those that did not? We find that changes in variation are typically small; yet we also see some very large changes associated with particular disturbances or trait types. We close by interpreting and discussing the implications of our findings in the context of eco-evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sanderson
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel I Bolnick
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael T Kinnison
- School of Biology and Ecology and Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | | | - Lucas D Gorné
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology and Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kiyoko M Gotanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Becker EA, Moran EM, Blonshine JB, Blonshine SB. D LCO Biologic Quality-Control Findings From a Multi-Center Global Study. Respir Care 2023; 68:1245-1253. [PMID: 37193597 PMCID: PMC10468175 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2017 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) standards specify a control rule for assessing biologic quality control (BioQC) but have limited guidance on how to establish expected values for control rule variables. This study aimed to determine expected values for DLCO BioQC using coefficient of variation (CV) and compare that the mean ± 2 SD control rule yields the same precision as mean ± 12% of the mean. METHODS DLCO BioQC data were collected from a multi-center inhaled medication study. This descriptive study spanned 42 months ending in 2018. The annual DLCO CV was based upon 10 DLCO values separated by at least 5 d. The root mean square CV (RMSCV) was computed for each year and Friedman test evaluated within subject annual CV changes. Ninetieth percentile values were computed for annual control rule limits/mean DLCO. RESULTS Of 217 BioQCs, the study's first year had 168 subjects with fewer in subsequent years. Annual CV values from RMSCV were 5.3, 4.5, and 4.6% in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No change was seen in the CV for those subjects with data for all 3 years, n = 24, P = .07. The 90th percentile of measurements 2 SD/mean DLCO were 15, 12.4, and 11% in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A DLCO BioQC CV ≤ 6% is achievable across multiple sites, technologists, and brands of equipment. This CV value assures that measurements for control rule variables emerge from an expected range. A control rule of mean ± 2 SD appeared to yield similar results as the mean ± 12% of the mean rule reported in the 2017 ATS/ERS DLCO standards.
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21
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Huang L, Ratkowsky DA, Hui C, Gielis J, Lian M, Yao W, Li Q, Zhang L, Shi P. Inequality Measure of Leaf Area Distribution for a Drought-Tolerant Landscape Plant. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3143. [PMID: 37687388 PMCID: PMC10490070 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the inequality of leaf area distribution per plant (ILAD) can provide a useful tool for quantifying the influences of intra- and interspecific competition, foraging behavior of herbivores, and environmental stress on plants' above-ground architectural structures and survival strategies. Despite its importance, there has been limited research on this issue. This paper aims to fill this gap by comparing four inequality indices to measure ILAD, using indices for quantifying household income that are commonly used in economics, including the Gini index (which is based on the Lorenz curve), the coefficient of variation, the Theil index, and the mean log deviation index. We measured the area of all leaves for 240 individual plants of the species Shibataea chinensis Nakai, a drought-tolerant landscape plant found in southern China. A three-parameter performance equation was fitted to observations of the cumulative proportion of leaf area vs. the cumulative proportion of leaves per plant to calculate the Gini index for each individual specimen of S. chinensis. The performance equation was demonstrated to be valid in describing the rotated and right shifted Lorenz curve, given that >96% of root-mean-square error values were smaller than 0.004 for 240 individual plants. By examining the correlation between any of the six possible pairs of indices among the Gini index, the coefficient of variation, the Theil index, and the mean log deviation index, the data show that these indices are closely related and can be used interchangeably to quantify ILAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Huang
- Tourism and Air Service College, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - David A. Ratkowsky
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, TS, Australia;
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town 7945, South Africa
| | - Johan Gielis
- Department of Biosciences Engineering, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Meng Lian
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Weihao Yao
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiying Li
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Liuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Peijian Shi
- Bamboo Research Institute, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
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Hanif AS, Han X, Yu SH, Han C, Baek SW, Lee CG, Lee DH, Kang YH. Modeling of the control logic of a UASS based on coefficient of variation spraying distribution analysis in an indoor flight simulator. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1235548. [PMID: 37670862 PMCID: PMC10475723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In the past decade, unmanned aerial spraying systems (UASS) have emerged as an effective crop treatment platform option, competing with other ground vehicle treatments. The development of this platform has provided an effective spraying system that can be used on all crop types and in all weather conditions. However, related research has not been able to develop a UASS that can be operated in windy conditions with a low drift percentage. Methods In this research, spraying was simulated in an indoor flight simulator by considering flight speed, altitude, wind speed, wind direction, rotor rotation, interval, spraying pattern, and nozzle type, which were used as the parameters affecting the output value of the coefficient of variation (CV) of spraying. These parameters were referenced as properties that occur in the field, and using machine learning methods, the CV value was used as a dataset to develop a model that can execute pump opening by controlling the flow rate. There are four machine learning methods used, i.e. random forest regression, gradient boosting, ada boost, and automatic relevance determination regression which are compared with simple linear regression and ridge regression as linear regression. Results The results revealed that the random forest regression model was the most accurate, with R2 of 0.96 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.04%. The developed model was used to simulate spraying with pump opening A, which connects two nozzles in front, and pump opening AB, which connects all four nozzles. Discussion Using the logic based on CV value and pesticide quantity, the model can execute the pump opening against the environment and UASS operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhitya Saiful Hanif
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiongzhe Han
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Biosystem Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Yu
- Upland Mechanization Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture Engineering, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolwoo Han
- Department of Agriculture and Biosystem, Korea Polytechnic, Gimje, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Baek
- Department of Smart Agriculture, Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion Agency, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Gu Lee
- Upland Mechanization Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture Engineering, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Ho Kang
- Department of Crops and Food, Jeollabukdo Agricultural Research & Extension Service, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zheng Q, Liu X, Lan H, Guo Q, Xiong T, Wang K, Jiang C, Zhang J, Wang G, Dong N, Shi J. Association of fasting blood glucose variability with all-cause mortality in heart transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14958. [PMID: 37013964 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting blood glucose (FBG) variability, an emerging marker of glycemic control, has been shown to be related to the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in subjects with or without diabetes. However, whether FBG variability is independently associated with a higher all-cause mortality in heart transplant recipients remains unknown. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including 373 adult recipients who survived for at least 1 year after heart transplantation with a functioning graft and measured FBG more than three times within first year after transplantation. Multivariable adjusted Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association between FBG variability and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Patients were categorized into three groups according to the coefficient of variation of FBG level: ≤7.0%, 7.0%-13.5%, and >13.5%. During a median follow-up of 44.4 months (interquartile range [IQR], 22.6-63.3 months), 31 (8.3%) participants died. In univariate analyses, FBG variability was associated with an increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67, 5.38; p < .001). This association remained materially unchanged in the multivariable model adjusted for components of demographics, cardiovascular history and lifestyle, hospital information, immunosuppressive therapy, and post-transplant renal function (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.43, 5.28; p = .004). CONCLUSIONS After heart transplantation, high FBG variability is strongly and independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that FBG variability is a novel risk factor and prognostic marker for heart transplantation recipients in outpatient clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwen Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiannan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tixiusi Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sanchez JD, Rêgo LC, Ospina R, Leiva V, Chesneau C, Castro C. Similarity-Based Predictive Models: Sensitivity Analysis and a Biological Application with Multi-Attributes. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:959. [PMID: 37508389 PMCID: PMC10376039 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Predictive models based on empirical similarity are instrumental in biology and data science, where the premise is to measure the likeness of one observation with others in the same dataset. Biological datasets often encompass data that can be categorized. When using empirical similarity-based predictive models, two strategies for handling categorical covariates exist. The first strategy retains categorical covariates in their original form, applying distance measures and allocating weights to each covariate. In contrast, the second strategy creates binary variables, representing each variable level independently, and computes similarity measures solely through the Euclidean distance. This study performs a sensitivity analysis of these two strategies using computational simulations, and applies the results to a biological context. We use a linear regression model as a reference point, and consider two methods for estimating the model parameters, alongside exponential and fractional inverse similarity functions. The sensitivity is evaluated by determining the coefficient of variation of the parameter estimators across the three models as a measure of relative variability. Our results suggest that the first strategy excels over the second one in effectively dealing with categorical variables, and offers greater parsimony due to the use of fewer parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer D Sanchez
- Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Rêgo
- Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Raydonal Ospina
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, IME, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Víctor Leiva
- School of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362807, Chile
| | | | - Cecilia Castro
- Centre of Mathematics, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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25
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Pant V, Pradhan S, Gautam K. Basics of laboratory statistics. EJIFCC 2023; 34:90-102. [PMID: 37455839 PMCID: PMC10349316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The strict monitoring of examinations and evaluation of newer methods or instruments is a daily routine in clinical laboratory. The automated analyzers accumulate an enormous amount of data from patients' examinations and quality control procedures. This laboratory data is meaningless if it does not generate the information that we can extend to the population of our interest. In an analytical work, the most important operation is the comparison of data, to quantify accuracy and precision and to generate meaningful explanation for clinician and patients queries. Most of the information needed in the regular laboratory work can be obtained with the use of simple convenient statistical tools. This article describes the basics of laboratory statistics, the knowledge of which answers about the application of quality control in laboratory, accuracy and diagnostic power of our examinations, variability in reports, comparison of different methods and derivation of a biological reference interval for an analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Pant
- Corresponding author: Dr. Vivek Pant Consultant Biochemist Samyak Diagnostic Pvt Ltd Bench to Clinic Research Center Kathmandu Nepal Phone: +977 9841486789 E-mail:
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Naageshwaran V, Bigonne H, Gum G, Malla S, Del Sol C, Bon C, Xu X, Vo A, Smith W, O'Reilly Beringhs A, Kozak D, Tan ML, Babiskin A, Urtti A, Del Amo EM, Ranta VP. Topical Pharmacokinetics of Brinzolamide Suspensions in Rabbits and Variability Analysis for Sample Size and Design Considerations. Int J Pharm 2023:123183. [PMID: 37369289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Identifying critical attributes for complex locally acting ophthalmic formulations and establishing in vitro-in vivo correlations can facilitate selection of appropriate thresholds for formulation changes that reflect lack of impact on in vivo performance. In this study the marketed antiglaucoma product Azopt® (1% brinzolamide suspension) and five other brinzolamide formulations varying in particle size distributions and apparent viscosities were topically administered in rabbits, and their ocular pharmacokinetics was determined in multiple ocular tissues. Statistical evaluation with ANOVA showed no significant differences between the formulations in the peak drug concentration (Cmax) in the aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body. As a post-hoc analysis, the within animal and total variability was determined for Cmax in the aqueous humor and iris-ciliary body. Based on the observed variability, we investigated the sample size needed for two types of study designs to observe statistically significant differences in Cmax. For the sample size calculations, assuming both 25% and 50% true differences in Cmax between two formulations, two study designs were compared: paired-eye dosing design (one formulation in one eye and another formulation in the other eye of the same animal at the same time) versus parallel-group design. The number of rabbits needed in the paired-eye dosing design are much lower than in the parallel-group design. For example, when the true difference in aqueous humor Cmax is 25%, nine rabbits are required in the paired-eye design versus seventy rabbits (35 per treatment) in the parallel-group design to observe a statistically significant difference with a power of 80%. Therefore, the proposed paired-eye dosing design is a viable option for the design of pharmacokinetic studies comparing ophthalmic products to determine the impact of formulation differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsala Naageshwaran
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Pharmaron - 7901 Vickers Street, San Diego, CA 92111 and 436 Creamery Way, Exton, PA
| | - Hélène Bigonne
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Glenwood Gum
- Pharmaron - 7901 Vickers Street, San Diego, CA 92111 and 436 Creamery Way, Exton, PA
| | - Spundana Malla
- Pharmaron - 7901 Vickers Street, San Diego, CA 92111 and 436 Creamery Way, Exton, PA
| | - Charity Del Sol
- Biostudy Solutions, LLC, 4008 Caesar Court, Wilmington, NC 28405
| | - Charles Bon
- Biostudy Solutions, LLC, 4008 Caesar Court, Wilmington, NC 28405
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Anh Vo
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - William Smith
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Andre O'Reilly Beringhs
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Darby Kozak
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Ming-Liang Tan
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Arto Urtti
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva M Del Amo
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Veli-Pekka Ranta
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Alalayah KM, Senan EM, Atlam HF, Ahmed IA, Shatnawi HSA. Automatic and Early Detection of Parkinson's Disease by Analyzing Acoustic Signals Using Classification Algorithms Based on Recursive Feature Elimination Method. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111924. [PMID: 37296776 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition generated by the dysfunction of brain cells and their 60-80% inability to produce dopamine, an organic chemical responsible for controlling a person's movement. This condition causes PD symptoms to appear. Diagnosis involves many physical and psychological tests and specialist examinations of the patient's nervous system, which causes several issues. The methodology method of early diagnosis of PD is based on analysing voice disorders. This method extracts a set of features from a recording of the person's voice. Then machine-learning (ML) methods are used to analyse and diagnose the recorded voice to distinguish Parkinson's cases from healthy ones. This paper proposes novel techniques to optimize the techniques for early diagnosis of PD by evaluating selected features and hyperparameter tuning of ML algorithms for diagnosing PD based on voice disorders. The dataset was balanced by the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and features were arranged according to their contribution to the target characteristic by the recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm. We applied two algorithms, t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) and principal component analysis (PCA), to reduce the dimensions of the dataset. Both t-SNE and PCA finally fed the resulting features into the classifiers support-vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and multilayer perception (MLP). Experimental results proved that the proposed techniques were superior to existing studies in which RF with the t-SNE algorithm yielded an accuracy of 97%, precision of 96.50%, recall of 94%, and F1-score of 95%. In addition, MLP with the PCA algorithm yielded an accuracy of 98%, precision of 97.66%, recall of 96%, and F1-score of 96.66%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Alalayah
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Sharurah 68341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebrahim Mohammed Senan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Alrazi University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Hany F Atlam
- Cyber Security Centre, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Castañeda J, Arrieta A, van den Heuvel T, Cohen O. The significance of coefficient of variation as a measure of hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control in real world users of the automated insulin delivery MiniMed 780G system. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023. [PMID: 37246797 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Use of the MiniMed 780G system (MM780G) can result in a reduction in mean and standard deviation (SD) of sensor glucose (SG) values. We assessed the significance of the coefficient of variation (CV) as a measure of hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 10 404 MM780G users were analysed using multivariable logistic regression to assess the contribution of CV to (a) hypoglycaemia risk, measured as not reaching target <1% for time below range (TBR), and (b) achieving targets of time-in-range (TIR) >70% and glucose management indicator <7%. CV was compared with SD and low blood glucose index. To assess the relevance of CV <36% as a therapeutic threshold, we identified the CV cut-off point that optimally discriminated users at risk of hypoglycaemia. RESULTS The contribution of CV was the smallest in terms of risk of hypoglycaemia (vs. low blood glucose index and SD) and TIR and glucose management indicator targets (vs. SD). In all cases the models with SD showed the best fit. A CV <43.4% (95% CI: 42.9-43.9) was the optimal cut-off point with a correct classification rate of 87.2% (vs. 72.9% for CV <36%). CONCLUSION For MM780G users, CV is a poor marker for hypoglycaemia risk and glycaemic control. We recommend using, for the former, TBR and whether the TBR target is met (and not using CV <36% as a therapeutic threshold for hypoglycaemia); for the latter, TIR, time above range, whether targets are met and a discrete description of mean SG and SD of SG values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arcelia Arrieta
- Medtronic Bakken Research Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ohad Cohen
- Medtronic International Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
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Slesinski J, Wierzbicki D, Kedzierski M. Application of Multitemporal Change Detection in Radar Satellite Imagery Using REACTIV-Based Method for Geospatial Intelligence. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:4922. [PMID: 37430836 DOI: 10.3390/s23104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Constant monitoring of airports and aviation bases has become one of the priorities in today's strategic security. It results in the necessity to develop the potential of satellite Earth observation systems and to intensify the efforts to develop the technologies of processing SAR data, in particular in the aspect of detecting changes. The aim of this work is to develop a new algorithm based on the modified core REACTIV in the multitemporal detection of changes in radar satellite imagery. For the purposes of the research works, the new algorithm implemented in the Google Earth Engine environment has been transformed so that it would meet the requirements posed by imagery intelligence. The assessment of the potential of the developed methodology was performed based on the analysis of the three main aspects of change detection: analysis of infrastructural changes, analysis of military activity, and impact effect evaluation. The proposed methodology enables automated detection of changes in multitemporal series of radar imagery. Apart from merely detecting the changes, the method also allows for the expansion of the change analysis result by adding another dimension: the determination of the time of the change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Slesinski
- Department of Imagery Intelligence, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Wierzbicki
- Department of Imagery Intelligence, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kedzierski
- Department of Imagery Intelligence, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Polden M, Crawford TJ. Eye Movement Latency Coefficient of Variation as a Predictor of Cognitive Impairment: An Eye Tracking Study of Cognitive Impairment. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:vision7020038. [PMID: 37218956 DOI: 10.3390/vision7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies demonstrated impairment in the control of saccadic eye movements in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) when conducting the pro-saccade and antisaccade tasks. Research showed that changes in the pro and antisaccade latencies may be particularly sensitive to dementia and general executive functioning. These tasks show potential for diagnostic use, as they provide a rich set of potential eye tracking markers. One such marker, the coefficient of variation (CV), is so far overlooked. For biological markers to be reliable, they must be able to detect abnormalities in preclinical stages. MCI is often viewed as a predecessor to AD, with certain classifications of MCI more likely than others to progress to AD. The current study examined the potential of CV scores on pro and antisaccade tasks to distinguish participants with AD, amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnesiac MCI (naMCI), and older controls. The analyses revealed no significant differences in CV scores across the groups using the pro or antisaccade task. Antisaccade mean latencies were able to distinguish participants with AD and the MCI subgroups. Future research is needed on CV measures and attentional fluctuations in AD and MCI individuals to fully assess this measure's potential to robustly distinguish clinical groups with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Polden
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Obana A, Asaoka R, Takayanagi Y, Gohto Y. Inter-device concordance of Veggie Meter, a reflection spectroscopy to measure skin carotenoids. J Biophotonics 2023:e202300071. [PMID: 37072378 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Veggie Meter® (VM) is a refraction spectrometer that detects skin carotenoids. We tested the variability of the two modes (single-scan and averaging modes) of four VMs of three different versions (VM-1, 2, 3, 4) with 92 healthy volunteers. Both the modes exhibited a high intraclass correlation coefficient; however, the averaging mode had a significantly lower coefficient of variance than the single-scan mode. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a systematic error between VM-1 and other three VMs. The actual errors between the VM-1 and the other three VMs in the averaging mode were 7.4, 10.4, and 11.8% of the median of VM scores, but the errors could be reduced to 2.8, 6.3, and 7.0% by compensating VM scores using the regression equations. Averaging mode had higher accuracy than single-scan mode. The reliability of the VMs was validated by the small CV and high ICC. The error was improved using linear regression compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu 3453 Mikataharacho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, 1955-1 Kurematsucho, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Gohto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Zhang C, Yan Y, Zeng J, Liu J, Dong N, Zhang C. Evaluation of blood lead measurements by the 6-year external quality assessment program in China. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 544:117331. [PMID: 37031783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lead is an important clinical indicator. A typical tool for promoting standardisation or harmonisation is external quality assessment (EQA). Therefore, the National Centre for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL) in China launched the EQA Program for blood lead measurement in 2006 to assess its standardisation process. METHODS Blood lead EQA samples tested for homogeneity and stability were sent to participating laboratories. The return data were grouped according to the detection method. The robust mean value, robust coefficient of variation (CV) and standard uncertainty were calculated according to ISO 13528. The evaluation criteria were determined based on a thorough analysis of the previous pass rate and the current detection level. Overall trends in the blood lead EQA program over 6 years were investigated by calculating the pass rates of participating laboratories. We compared the pass rates and current issues of different detection methods and analysed the target values, bias and CV results of mainstream detection methods. RESULTS A total of 4,283 laboratories participated in EQA programs from 2017 to 2022. The pass rates were generally increasing while the inter-laboratory mean CVs were decreasing. For samples with varying concentrations, the higher the concentration, the smaller the CV. According to the evaluation criteria, the most used measurement methods, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) and Tungsten Ship Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (TSAAS) demonstrated better performances than Differential Potentiometric Stripping (DPS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Furthermore, DPS, ICP-MS and FAAS outperformed Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV). CONCLUSION Our study provides reliable information on the standardisation of blood lead measurement procedures for manufacturers and clinical laboratories. Further improvements for standardisation are still required to make laboratories more patient-centred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Na Dong
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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Liu S, Chen ZY. [Optimal Parameters for Virtual Mono-Energetic Imaging of Liver Solid Lesions]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2023; 45:280-284. [PMID: 37157076 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the optimal parameters for virtual mono-energetic imaging of liver solid lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 patients undergoing contrast-enhanced spectral CT of the abdomen.The iodine concentration values of hepatic arterial phase images and the CT values of different mono-energetic images were measured.The correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation were calculated. Results The average correlation coefficients between iodine concentrations and CT values of hepatic solid lesion images at 40,45,50,55,60,65,and 70 keV were 0.996,0.995,0.993,0.989,0.978,0.970,and 0.961,respectively.The correlation coefficients at 40(P=0.007),45(P=0.022),50 keV (P=0.035)were higher than that at 55 keV,and the correlation coefficients at 40 keV(P=0.134) and 45 keV(P=0.368) had no significant differences from that at 50 keV.The coefficients of variation of the CT values at 40,45,and 50 keV were 0.146,0.154,and 0.163,respectively. Conclusion The energy of 40 keV is optimal for virtual mono-energetic imaging of liver solid lesions in the late arterial phase,which is helpful for the diagnosis of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Radiology,Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Sanya,Hainan 572013,China
| | - Zhi-Ye Chen
- Department of Radiology,Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital,Sanya,Hainan 572013,China
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Zinner C, Gerspitzer A, Düking P, Boone J, Schiffer T, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. The magnitude and time-course of physiological responses to 9 weeks of incremental ramp testing. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 36866970 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to assess (1) the day-to-day variability in, and (2) the magnitude and time-course of adaptation of physiological parameters (i.e., maximal oxygen uptake [VO2 max], heart rate [HR], blood lactate concentration, respiratory exchange ratio [RER], ratings of perceived exertion [RPE], and time-to-exhaustion [TTE]) in response to an intervention involving three incremental ramp tests per week for 9 weeks. METHODS Twelve participants (25 ± 4 yrs, VO2 max, 47.8 ± 5.2 mL∙min-1 ∙kg-1 (means ± SD)) completed the entire experimental procedure. The tests comprised a 5-min constant workload to obtain submaximal parameters followed by an incremental protocol until exhaustion. RESULTS The mean day-to-day variability for the maximal value of VO2 was 2.8%, 1.1% for HR, 18.1% for blood lactate concentration, 2.1% for RER, 1.1% for RPE, and 5.0% for TTE. The values for the corresponding submaximal variables were 3.8% for VO2 , 2.1% for HR, 15.6% for blood lactate concentration, 2.6% for RER and 6.0% for RPE. VO2 max (+4.7% ± 3.5%), TTE (+17.9% ± 8.6%), and submaximal HR (-3.2 ± 3.5%) improved significantly. Except for RPE (p < 0.01), there were no alterations in the coefficient of variation for any parameter. On the group level, the first changes greater than the day-to-day variability in VO2 max, TTE, and submaximal HR were observed after 21, 12, and 9 training sessions, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we recommend that training studies include assessment of the reliability of the measurements, for example, the CVs in the specific laboratory to be able to judge if the changes detected are actually physiological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zinner
- Department of Sport, University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Annika Gerspitzer
- Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Düking
- Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation|, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative & Experimental Exercise Science & Training, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Eissa MR, Benaissa M, Good T, Hui Z, Gianfrancesco C, Ferguson C, Elliott J. Analysis of real-world capillary blood glucose data to help reduce HbA 1c and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: Evidence in favour of using the percentage of readings in target and coefficient of variation. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e14972. [PMID: 36209371 PMCID: PMC10091810 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine real-world capillary blood glucose (CBG) data according to HbA1c to define proportions of CBG readings at different HbA1c levels, and evaluate patterns in CBG measurements to suggest areas to focus on with regard to self-management. METHODS A retrospective analysis stratified 682 adults with type 1 diabetes split into quartiles based on their HbA1c . The proportions of results in different CBG ranges and associations with HbA1c were evaluated. Patterns in readings following episodes of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia were examined, using glucose to next glucose reading table (G2G). RESULTS CBG readings in the target range (3.9-10 mmol/L) increase by ~10% across each CBG quartile (31% in the highest versus 63% in the lowest quartile, p < 0.05). The novel G2G table helps the treatment-based interpretation of data. Hypoglycaemia is often preceded by hyperglycaemia, and vice-versa, and is twice as likely in the highest HbA1c quartile. Re-testing within 30 min of hypoglycaemia is associated with less hypoglycaemia, 1.6% versus 7.2%, p < 0.001, and also reduces subsequent hyperglycaemia and further hypoglycaemia in the proceeding 24 h. The coefficient of variation, but not standard deviation, is highly associated with hypoglycaemia, r = 0.71, and a CV ≤ 36% equates to 3.3% of CBG readings in the hypoglycaemic range. CONCLUSIONS HbA1c <58 mmol/mol (7.5%) is achievable even when only ~60% of CBG readings are between 3.9-10 mmol/L. Examining readings subsequent to out-of-range readings suggests useful behaviours which people with type 1 diabetes could be supported to adhere to, both in a clinic and structured education programmes, thereby decreasing the risk of hypoglycaemia whilst also reducing hyperglycaemia and improving HbA1c .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Eissa
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohammed Benaissa
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tim Good
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zheng Hui
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Carla Gianfrancesco
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
| | - Carolin Ferguson
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jackie Elliott
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS FT, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Chen H, Maron L, Segev G. Short-term intra-individual variation of urinary biomarkers in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:184-190. [PMID: 36629796 PMCID: PMC9889610 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active-ongoing kidney damage is present in animals with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD), as reflected by biomarkers in urine. Interpretation of serial messurements of biomarkers requires knowledge of its intra-individual variation. AIMS To evaluate the short-term intra-individual variation of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 (uNGAL, uKIM-1, respectively) in dogs with stable CKD, and to determine whether normalization to urinary creatinine (uCr) decreases variation. ANIMALS Twenty-five dogs with naturally-occurring stable CKD. METHODS Prospective, observational study. Dogs were diagnosed with CKD based on the International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Dogs were included only if the variation in serum creatinine concentration was <25% on at least 2 measurements during the 3 months preceding inclusion, and only if serum creatinine variation was <20% during the 14-day study period. Urine samples were collected on days 0, 4, 10 and 14. uNGAL and uKIM-1 were measured using ELISA. RESULTS The median coefficients of variation (CV) of uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr were 42% (range, 7%-127%), and 44% (range, 8%-100%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 97% and 83%, respectively. The median CV of uKIM-1 and uKIM-1/uCr were 29% (range, 16%-91%), and 23% (range, 6%-76%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 56% and 52%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Changes of >100% and >60% for uNGAL and uKIM-1, respectively, in serial measurements are higher than the normal expected variation and therefore might indicate need for further investigation for underlying causes of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Chen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Lotem Maron
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Gilad Segev
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary MedicineThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Liu YY, Yang QF, Li Z, Zhou ZX, Shi XP, Wang YJ. Parallel genetic and phenotypic differentiation of Erigeron annuus invasion in China. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:994367. [PMID: 36684796 PMCID: PMC9845934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The factors that determine the growth and spread advantages of an alien plant during the invasion process remain open to debate. The genetic diversity and differentiation of an invasive plant population might be closely related to its growth adaptation and spread in the introduced range. However, little is known about whether phenotypic and genetic variation in invasive plant populations covary during the invasion process along invaded geographic distances. METHODS In a wild experiment, we examined the genetic variation in populations of the aggressively invasive species Erigeron annuus at different geographical distances from the first recorded point of introduction (FRPI) in China. We also measured growth traits in the wild and common garden experiments, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of populations in the common garden experiments. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that E. annuus populations had better growth performance (i.e., height and biomass) and genetic diversity, and less trait variation, in the long-term introduced region (east) than in the short-term introduced region (west). Furthermore, population growth performance was significantly positively or negatively correlated with genetic diversity or genetic variation. Our results indicate that there was parallel genetic and phenotypic differentiation along the invaded geographic distance in response to adaptation and spread, and populations that entered introduced regions earlier had consistently high genetic diversity and high growth dominance. Growth and reproduction traits can be used as reliable predictors of the adaptation and genetic variation of invasive plants.
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Korfanty G, Heifetz E, Xu J. Assessing thermal adaptation of a global sample of Aspergillus fumigatus: Implications for climate change effects. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1059238. [PMID: 36875405 PMCID: PMC9978374 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1059238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a common environmental mold and a major cause of opportunistic infections in humans. It's distributed among many ecological niches across the globe. A major virulence factor of A. fumigatus is its ability to grow at high temperature. However, at present, little is known about variations among strains in their growth at different temperatures and how their geographic origins may impact such variations. In this study, we analyzed 89 strains from 12 countries (Cameroon, Canada, China, Costa Rica, France, India, Iceland, Ireland, New Zealand, Peru, Saudi Arabia, and USA) representing diverse geographic locations and temperature environments. Each strain was grown at four temperatures and genotyped at nine microsatellite loci. Our analyses revealed a range of growth profiles, with significant variations among strains within individual geographic populations in their growths across the temperatures. No statistically significant association was observed between strain genotypes and their thermal growth profiles. Similarly geographic separation contributed little to differences in thermal adaptations among strains and populations. The combined analyses among genotypes and growth rates at different temperatures in the global sample suggest that most natural populations of A. fumigatus are capable of rapid adaptation to temperature changes. We discuss the implications of our results to the evolution and epidemiology of A. fumigatus under increasing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Korfanty
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Heifetz
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Kim SH, Kim JY, Kim ES, Park IR, Ha EY, Chung SM, Moon JS, Yoon JS, Won KC, Lee HW. Early glycaemic variability increases 28-day mortality and prolongs intensive care unit stay in critically ill patients with pneumonia. Ann Med 2022; 54:2736-2743. [PMID: 36205625 PMCID: PMC9553150 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2128399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early glycaemic variability (GV) on 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-centre retrospective study included patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to pneumonia between 2018 and 2019. A total of 282 patients (mean age, 68.6 years) with blood sugar test (BST) results measured more than three times within 48 h after hospitalization and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels recorded within 2 months were enrolled. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated using the BST values. The effects of GV on 28-day mortality and prolonged ICU stay (>14 days) were also assessed. RESULTS The mean age was 60.6 years (male to female ratio, 2.5:1). The 28-day mortality rate was 31.6% (n = 89) and was not different according to the presence of diabetes (DM vs. non-DM) or HbA1c levels (≥7.5 vs. <7.5%; both p > .05). However, the mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with high GV (CV ≥ 36%) than in those with low GV (CV < 36%; 37.5 vs. 25.4%, p = .028). The risk of mortality in patients with high GV was prominent in the subgroups with DM or low HbA1c levels. Among the surviving patients (n = 193), 44 remained in the ICU for more than 14 days. Compared to low GV, high GV was associated with a higher rate of prolonged ICU stay, although not statistically significant (27.8 vs. 18.5%, p = .171). After adjusting for the severity of illness and treatment strategy, CV was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01, p = .04) and prolonged ICU stay (odds ratio, 1.02; p = .04). CONCLUSIONS High GV within 48 h of ICU admission was associated with an increased 28-day mortality risk and prolonged ICU stay. Early phase GV should be carefully managed in critically ill patients with pneumonia.KEY MESSAGESThe presence of diabetes or HbA1c alone is insufficient to predict 28-day mortality and prolonged ICU stay in critically ill patients with pneumonia.High glycaemic variability (GV) within 48 h of ICU admission increases 28-day mortality and prolongs ICU stay, which is consistent after adjusting for severity of illness and treatment strategy.Patients with high GV, especially those with DM or low HbA1c levels (<7.5%) should be more carefully treated to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Kim
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Song Kim
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Rae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sung Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Gyanwali B, Mutsaerts HJ, Tan CS, Kaweilh OR, Petr J, Chen C, Hilal S. Association of Arterial Spin Labeling Parameters With Cognitive Decline, Vascular Events, and Mortality in a Memory-Clinic Sample. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:1298-1309. [PMID: 35871110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline in older adults has been attributed to reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF). Recently, the spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV) of ASL has been proposed as a proxy marker of cerebrovascular insufficiency. We investigated the association between baseline ASL parameters with cognitive decline, incident cerebrovascular disease, and risk of vascular events and mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS About 368 memory-clinic patients underwent three-annual neuropsychological assessments and brain MRI scans at baseline and follow-up. MRIs were graded for white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), cortical infarcts, and intracranial stenosis. Baseline gray (GM) and white matter (WM) CBF and GM-sCoV were obtained with ExploreASL from 2D-EPI pseudo-continuous ASL images. Cognitive assessment was done using a validated neuropsychological battery. Data on incident vascular events (heart disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack) and mortality were obtained. RESULTS Higher baseline GM-sCoV was associated with decline in the memory domain over 3 years of follow-up. Furthermore, higher GM-sCoV was associated with a decline in the memory domain only in participants without dementia. Higher baseline GM-sCoV was associated with progression of WMH and incident CMBs. During a mean follow-up of 3 years, 29 (7.8%) participants developed vascular events and 18 (4.8%) died. Participants with higher baseline mean GM-sCoV were at increased risk of vascular events. CONCLUSIONS Higher baseline GM-sCoV of ASL was associated with a decline in memory and risk of cerebrovascular disease and vascular events, suggesting that cerebrovascular insufficiency may contribute to accelerated cognitive decline and worse clinical outcomes in memory clinic participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Gyanwali
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System (BG, ORK, CC, SH), Singapore
| | - Henk Jmm Mutsaerts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience (HJMMM), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (CST, SH), Singapore
| | - Omar Rajab Kaweilh
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System (BG, ORK, CC, SH), Singapore
| | - Jan Petr
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research (JP), Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System (BG, ORK, CC, SH), Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (CC, SH), Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System (BG, ORK, CC, SH), Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System (CST, SH), Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (CC, SH), Singapore.
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Domotenko LV, Mironov AY, Kosilova IS, Shepelin AP. Standardness of antimicrobial discs by various manufacturers in the light of import substitution. Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:550-556. [PMID: 36099466 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-9-550-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In connection with the introduction of economic sanctions against the Russian Federation by the United States, the European Union, Japan, and a number of other countries, import substitution is becoming one of the strategic objectives of the Russian economy The comparative assessment of standardness and effectiveness of six antimicrobial commercial producer-varying disks for clinical and test strains of microorganisms has been conducted. It is based on analyzing of the variation coefficient (Cv) of inhibition zone diameters, mean values, and diameter values ranges, which are indicators of reproducibility, accuracy and efficiency, respectively. Discs from BD BBL result in insignificant variations of inhibition zone diameters, providing accurate and reproducible data. Imported discs available on the national market from a friendly country produced by HiMedia Company are showed more variation and inferior in quality to BD BBL ones. There are satisfactory results for some domestic discs, but discs with imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin are not standard enough to assure reproducible results. To have reliable data on antibiotic susceptibility of infectious agents, incoming and routine quality control of antimicrobial disks is needed as a compulsory procedure for every bacteriological laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Yu Mironov
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor
| | - I S Kosilova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Rospotrebnadzor
| | - A P Shepelin
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of the Rospotrebnadzor
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Bellenger CR, Miller D, Halson SL, Roach GD, Maclennan M, Sargent C. Evaluating the Typical Day-to-Day Variability of WHOOP-Derived Heart Rate Variability in Olympic Water Polo Athletes. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6723. [PMID: 36146073 PMCID: PMC9505647 DOI: 10.3390/s22186723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) can be used to infer readiness to perform exercise in athletic populations. Advancements in the photoplethysmography technology of wearable devices such as WHOOP allow for the frequent and convenient measurement of HR and HRV, and therefore enhanced application in athletes. However, it is important that the reliability of such technology is acceptable prior to its application in practical settings. Eleven elite male water polo players (age 28.8 ± 5.3 years [mean ± standard deviation]; height 190.3 ± 3.8 cm; body mass 95.0 ± 6.9 kg; international matches 117.9 ± 92.1) collected their HR and HRV daily via a WHOOP strap (WHOOP 3.0, CB Rank, Boston, MA, USA) over 16 weeks ahead of the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games. The WHOOP strap quantified HR and HRV via wrist-based photoplethysmography during overnight sleep periods. The weekly (i.e., 7-day) coefficient of variation in lnRMSSD (lnRMSSDCV) and HR (HRCV) was calculated as a measure of day-to-day variability in lnRMSSD and HR, and presented as a mean of the entire recording period. The mean weekly lnRMSSDCV and HRCV over the 16-week period was 5.4 ± 0.7% (mean ± 95% confidence intervals) and 7.6 ± 1.3%, respectively. The day-to-day variability in WHOOP-derived lnRMSSD and HR is within or below the range of day-to-day variability in alternative lnRMSSD (~3-13%) and HR (~10-11%) assessment protocols, indicating that the assessment of HR and HRV by WHOOP does not introduce any more variability than that which is naturally present in these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint R. Bellenger
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Dean Miller
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
| | - Shona L. Halson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane 4014, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Roach
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
| | | | - Charli Sargent
- The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
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Tsapalov A, Kovler K. Temporal uncertainty versus coefficient of variation for rational regulation of indoor radon. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e13098. [PMID: 36168232 PMCID: PMC9828248 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant temporal variations of radon and other air pollutants can be observed in any room, even one with permanently closed windows and doors. Therefore, a question arises: how can one assess the conformity of a room with a normative and make a reliable decision if the test lasts <1 year (days or months)? The measurement protocol fundamentally differs between Europe with its long-term testing tradition lasting several months, and the US where short-term tests of several days are more common. Neither the European nor the American protocols considers the temporal uncertainty of indoor radon, a factor that usually exceeds the instrumental uncertainty (including in long-term tests) and is 2-3 times higher the coefficient of variation (COV) commonly used to estimate temporal variations. This problem significantly complicates the creation of a rational and harmonized ISO standard. At the same time, strict adhering to the fundamental ISO/IEC rules within such concepts as "measurement uncertainty" and "conformity assessment" allows to control the coverage probability or reliability of decision making. Within ISO/IEC, proposed are a criterion of conformity assessment of a room with a normative for both short- and long-term measurements, as well as a statistical algorithm for determining the temporal uncertainty considering mode and measurements duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Tsapalov
- National Building Research Institute – Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Konstantin Kovler
- National Building Research Institute – Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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Xie Y, Zhong LY, Xue X, Wang Z, Song JJ, Li JQ, Zhang Q, Wang YB, Zeng Y. [Optimization of processing technology of braised Rehmanniae Radix based on multiple indexes and response surface technology and correlation between components and color]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:4927-4937. [PMID: 36164902 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220128.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the key factors influencing the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix, optimize the processing, and determine the correlation between the components in different processed products and chroma values, which is expected to add quantitative indexes for the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix and better control the processing. The weights of the indexes catalpol, rehmannioside D, verbascoside, isoacteoside, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, reducing sugar, and appearance were calculated based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP) in combination with coefficient of variation, and the overall desirability(OD) was obtained. Box-Behnken design was used to explore the optimal amount of water added, time for soaking with rice wine, and steaming time in the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix. Colorimeter was employed to determine the chroma of 17 samples and raw samples, and SPSS, Prism, and other software to investigate the correlation between the components in braised Rehmanniae Radix and the chroma values. The results showed that each factor influenced the processing, and the influence followed the order of steaming time>amount of water added>time for soaking with rice wine. The optimal processing process is as below: A total of 100 g medicinal material was added with 7 times of water, followed by soaking with rice wine for 5 h and steaming in a pot for 6 h. The correlation analysis suggested the extremely significantly positive correlation between L~* and content of catalpol, between a~* and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content, and between b~* and catalpol content, and the extremely significantly negative correlation between L~* and the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and reducing sugar, and between b~* and the content of 5-hydroxymethylfural and reducing sugar. In this experiment, response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing technology of braised Rehmanniae Radix and the optimized process was rational and feasible. The content of chemical components in braised Rehmanniae Radix was significantly correlated with the chroma. This study provided a new method for the quality evaluation of braised Rehmanniae Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhong
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Jin-Ju Song
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Jia-Qing Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Jianchangbang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Fuzhou 344700,China
| | - Yi-Bin Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China
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Bishop J, Garratt MPD, Nakagawa S. Animal pollination increases stability of crop yield across spatial scales. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2034-2047. [PMID: 35843226 PMCID: PMC9544623 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of animal pollination to crop yield are well known. In contrast, the effects of animal pollination on the spatial or temporal stability (the opposite of variability) of crop yield remain poorly understood. We use meta-analysis to combine variability information from 215 experimental comparisons between animal-pollinated and wind- or self-pollinated control plants in apple, oilseed rape and faba bean. Animal pollination increased yield stability (by an average of 32% per unit of yield) at between-flower, -plant, -plot and -field scales. Evidence suggests this occurs because yield benefits of animal pollination become progressively constrained closer to the maximum potential yield in a given context, causing clustering. The increase in yield stability with animal pollination is greatest when yield benefits of animal pollination are greatest, indicating that managing crop pollination to increase yield also increases yield stability. These additional pollination benefits have not yet been included in economic assessments but provide further justification for policies to protect pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bishop
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingBerkshireUK
| | - Michael P. D. Garratt
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingBerkshireUK
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Mikhailovskaya LN, Pozolotina VN, Modorov MV, Kukarskih VV, Guseva VP, Mikhailovskaya ZB, Shimalina NS. Accumulation of 90SR by Betula pendula within the East Ural Radioactive Trace zone. J Environ Radioact 2022; 250:106914. [PMID: 35623212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in 2010-2020 at the head of the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT), which was formed in 1957 as a result of the Kyshtym accident at the Mayak Production Association. The main contaminant in this zone is the long-lived radionuclide Strontium-90 (90Sr). Secondary forests dominated by silver birch (Betula pendula) occupy 45% of the EURT area. Concentration of 90Sr in birch leaves and small branches was higher than that in the trunks. The 90Sr content in birch sapwood varied slightly in the radial direction and did not depend on tree age. This was due to the dynamic equilibrium of the migration processes responsible for the accumulation and horizontal transfer of 90Sr. The 90Sr concentration increases in false heartwood, which is formed as a result of the secondary metabolism of dying parenchyma in the inner part of sapwood and is characterised by a high content of ash elements. The concentration of radionuclides in the aboveground organs of birch increased and the aggregated transfer factors (Tag) decreased with an increase in the soil contamination density, in accordance with the power function. The reasons for these patterns are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila N Mikhailovskaya
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta St., 202.
| | - Vera N Pozolotina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta St., 202
| | - Makar V Modorov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta St., 202
| | - Vladimir V Kukarskih
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta St., 202
| | - Valentina P Guseva
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta St., 202
| | - Zinaida B Mikhailovskaya
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta St., 202
| | - Nadezhda S Shimalina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 620144, Ekaterinburg, 8 Marta St., 202
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Ullmann S, Nordsiek S, Lowke D. Significance or Scatter-Statistical Evaluation of Rapid Chloride Migration Test Results for Sprayable Cement Mortar. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6050. [PMID: 36079429 PMCID: PMC9457398 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the influence of certain experimental or material-related conditions on results of the rapid chloride migration test (RCM test), statistical tests within and between samples are necessary. Thus, it needs to be clear which scatter a sample or a population of results is already subjected to without external influences due to the test method itself. So far, however, literature values for the appropriate statistical variable (coefficient of variation, CoV) explicitly valid for mortar or fine-grained concrete, e.g., for concrete repair, are missing. Therefore, we suggest a specific mortar CoV based on our own results of RCM tests performed on a cement-rich, sprayable mortar based on ordinary Portland cement. For the evaluation of external influences on a sample in comparison to a reference sample, we developed a significance criterion based on a statistical hypothesis test. The sensitivity and the reliability of this criterion is demonstrated on various results from RCM tests on mortar specimens, according to the test specifications and with deliberately chosen deviations from it. In addition, we point out the parameters included in the calculation of the rapid chloride migration coefficient that are the most sensitive to unintentional errors.
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Taguchi Y, Toratani S, Matsui K, Hayashi S, Eboshida N, Hamada A, Ito N, Obayashi F, Kimura N, Yanamoto S. Evaluation of Oral Mucosal Lesions Using the IllumiScan ® Fluorescence Visualisation Device: Distinguishing Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10414. [PMID: 36012046 PMCID: PMC9408154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether fluorescence intensity (FI) and its coefficient of variation (CV) can be used to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through IllumiScan®, an oral mucosa fluorescence visualisation (FV) device. Overall, 190 patients with oral mucosal lesions (OMLs; SCC, 59; non-SCC OMLs, 131) and 49 patients with normal oral mucosa (NOM) were enrolled between January 2019 and March 2021. The FI of the images was analysed using image analysis software. After establishing regions of interest for SCC, non-SCC, and NOM, the average FI, standard deviation (SD), and CV were compared. There was a significant difference in the average FI for all pairs of comparisons. The SD was not significantly different between the SCC and NOM groups (p = 0.07). The CV differed significantly for NOM (p < 0.001) and non-SCC groups (p < 0.001) relative to the SCC group but was not different between NOM and non-SCC groups (p = 0.15). Univariate analysis of SCC and non-SCC groups showed significant differences for all factors, except age. However, multivariate analysis showed a significant intergroup difference only in the CV (p = 0.038). Therefore, analysing the CV in FV images of OML may be useful for the diagnosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taguchi
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Toratani
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kensaku Matsui
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8530, Japan
| | - Seiya Hayashi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, JA Onomichi General Hospital, Onomichi 722-8508, Japan
| | - Natsuki Eboshida
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hamada
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nanako Ito
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Obayashi
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kimura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Tynngård N, Alshamari A, Månsson F, Ramström S. Variation in activation marker expression within the platelet population - a new parameter for evaluation of platelet flow cytometry data. Platelets 2022; 33:1113-1118. [PMID: 35848430 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2078490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In flow cytometry, individual cells are investigated. Platelet activation is normally reported in form of percentage of platelets expressing the marker (positive platelets) and/or mean/median fluorescence intensity (MFI) for the entire analyzed population. None of these take into account the variance of the marker expression between individual platelets. This can be obtained as data on coefficient of variation (CV). This study explores if CV provides additional information regarding platelet function. Samples from platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared by apheresis- (n = 13) and interim platelet unit (IPU) technique (n = 26) and stored for 6-7 days were included and compared. Spontaneous- and agonist-induced expression of activation markers (fibrinogen binding and exposure of P-selectin, LAMP-1, and CD63) was investigated as percentage positive platelets, MFI and CV. Spontaneous expression of P-selectin as percentage positive platelets and MFI was higher for IPU PCs than apheresis PCs, which in contrast had higher agonist-induced activation. CV for spontaneous fibrinogen binding and P-selectin exposure was larger for apheresis PCs, while IPU PCs generally had larger CV for P-selectin, LAMP-1, and CD63 after agonist stimulation. Our findings show that CV adds additional information when assessing platelet activation by providing data on the variation in activation responses within the platelet population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahreen Tynngård
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Research and Development Unit in Region Östergötland and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Aseel Alshamari
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Freja Månsson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sofia Ramström
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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50
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Topcu Dİ, Bayraktar N. Searching for the urine osmolality surrogate: an automated machine learning approach. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1911-1920. [PMID: 35778953 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Automated machine learning (AutoML) tools can help clinical laboratory professionals to develop machine learning models. The objective of this study was to develop a novel formula for the estimation of urine osmolality using an AutoML tool and to determine the efficiency of AutoML tools in a clinical laboratory setting. METHODS Three hundred routine urinalysis samples were used for reference osmolality and urine clinical chemistry analysis. The H2O AutoML engine completed the machine learning development steps with minimum human intervention. Four feature groups were created, which include different urinalysis measurements according to the Boruta feature selection algorithm. Method comparison statistics including Spearman correlation, Passing-Bablok regression analysis were performed, and Bland Altman plots were created to compare model predictions with the reference method. The minimum allowable bias (24.17%) from biological variation data was used as the limit of agreement. RESULTS The AutoML engine developed a total of 183 ML models. Conductivity and specific gravity had the highest variable importance. Models that include conductivity, specific gravity, and other urinalysis parameters had the highest R2 (0.70-0.83), and 70-84% of results were within the limit of agreement. CONCLUSIONS Combining urinary conductivity with other urinalysis parameters using validated machine learning models can yield a promising surrogate. Additionally, AutoML tools facilitate the machine learning development cycle and should be considered for developing ML models in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz İlhan Topcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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