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Mia GK, Hawley E, Yusuf M, Dorsam G, Swanson KC. Influence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and digestive enzyme activity in lambs. J Anim Sci 2024:skae112. [PMID: 38656435 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated if vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) influences growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and digestive enzyme activity. Sixteen wether lambs (69.6 ± 1.9 kg) were housed in individual pens, adapted to a corn grain-based diet, and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. Lambs were injected intraperitoneally every other day for 28 days with saline (0.9% NaCl) containing no VIP (n = 8; control) or containing VIP (n = 8; 1.3 nmol/kg BW). All lambs were transferred to individual metabolic crates for the final seven days of the experiment to measure nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility. At the end of the treatment period, lambs were slaughtered, and pancreatic tissue, small intestinal tissue, and rumen fluid were collected for protein, digestive enzymes, ruminal pH, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) analyses. Lambs treated with VIP had greater final body weight, average daily gain, and gain:feed (P = 0.01, 0.05, 0.03, respectively). No differences between treatment groups were observed (P ≥ 0.25) for nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention, ruminal pH, and VFA concentrations. Moreover, VIP treatment did not influence (P ≥ 0.19) plasma glucose, urea N, and insulin concentrations. Treatment with VIP increased (P = 0.03) relative cecum weight (g/kg body weight) and decreased (P = 0.05) relative brain weight. Pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzyme activities, except for duodenal maltase (P = 0.02), were not influenced (P ≥ 0.09) by VIP treatment. These data suggest that the administration of VIP may have potential to improve average daily gain and gain:feed in lambs fed grain-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam K Mia
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Emma Hawley
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Mustapha Yusuf
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Glenn Dorsam
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Kendall C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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Lester C, Li JM, Passang T, Wang Y, Waller EK, Blakey SB. Chemical Modifications to Enhance the Drug Properties of a VIP Receptor Antagonist (ANT) Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4391. [PMID: 38673976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antagonist peptides (ANTs) of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors (VIP-Rs) are shown to enhance T cell activation and proliferation in vitro, as well as improving T cell-dependent anti-tumor response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) murine models. However, peptide therapeutics often suffer from poor metabolic stability and exhibit a short half-life/fast elimination in vivo. In this study, we describe efforts to enhance the drug properties of ANTs via chemical modifications. The lead antagonist (ANT308) is derivatized with the following modifications: N-terminus acetylation, peptide stapling, and PEGylation. Acetylated ANT308 exhibits diminished T cell activation in vitro, indicating that N-terminus conservation is critical for antagonist activity. The replacement of residues 13 and 17 with cysteine to accommodate a chemical staple results in diminished survival using the modified peptide to treat mice with AML. However, the incorporation of the constraint increases survival and reduces tumor burden relative to its unstapled counterpart. Notably, PEGylation has a significant positive effect, with fewer doses of PEGylated ANT308 needed to achieve comparable overall survival and tumor burden in leukemic mice dosed with the parenteral ANT308 peptide, suggesting that polyethylene glycol (PEG) incorporation enhances longevity, and thus the antagonist activity of ANT308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lester
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tenzin Passang
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuou Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Simon B Blakey
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Constantin S, Quignon C, Pizano K, Shostak DM, Wray S. Vasoactive intestinal peptide excites GnRH neurons via KCa3.1, a potential player in the slow afterhyperpolarization current. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1354095. [PMID: 38633445 PMCID: PMC11021707 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1354095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important component of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which relays circadian information to neuronal populations, including GnRH neurons. Human and animal studies have shown an impact of disrupted daily rhythms (chronic shift work, temporal food restriction, clock gene disruption) on both male and female reproduction and fertility. To date, how VIP modulates GnRH neurons remains unknown. Calcium imaging and electrophysiology on primary GnRH neurons in explants and adult mouse brain slice, respectively, were used to address this question. We found VIP excites GnRH neurons via the VIP receptor, VPAC2. The downstream signaling pathway uses both Gs protein/adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase C/phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion. Furthermore, we identified a UCL2077-sensitive target, likely contributing to the slow afterhyperpolarization current (IAHP), as the PKA and PIP2 depletion target, and the KCa3.1 channel as a specific target. Thus, VIP/VPAC2 provides an example of Gs protein-coupled receptor-triggered excitation in GnRH neurons, modulating GnRH neurons likely via the slow IAHP. The possible identification of KCa3.1 in the GnRH neuron slow IAHP may provide a new therapeutical target for fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Aidil-Carvalho F, Caulino-Rocha A, Ribeiro JA, Cunha-Reis D. Mismatch novelty exploration training shifts VPAC 1 receptor-mediated modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by endogenous VIP in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25333. [PMID: 38656542 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Novelty influences hippocampal-dependent memory through metaplasticity. Mismatch novelty detection activates the human hippocampal CA1 area and enhances rat hippocampal-dependent learning and exploration. Remarkably, mismatch novelty training (NT) also enhances rodent hippocampal synaptic plasticity while inhibition of VIP interneurons promotes rodent exploration. Since VIP, acting on VPAC1 receptors (Rs), restrains hippocampal LTP and depotentiation by modulating disinhibition, we now investigated the impact of NT on VPAC1 modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in male Wistar rats. NT enhanced both CA1 hippocampal LTP and depotentiation unlike exploring an empty holeboard (HT) or a fixed configuration of objects (FT). Blocking VIP VPAC1Rs with PG 97269 (100 nM) enhanced both LTP and depotentiation in naïve animals, but this effect was less effective in NT rats. Altered endogenous VIP modulation of LTP was absent in animals exposed to the empty environment (HT). HT and FT animals showed mildly enhanced synaptic VPAC1R levels, but neither VIP nor VPAC1R levels were altered in NT animals. Conversely, NT enhanced the GluA1/GluA2 AMPAR ratio and gephyrin synaptic content but not PSD-95 excitatory synaptic marker. In conclusion, NT influences hippocampal synaptic plasticity by reshaping brain circuits modulating disinhibition and its control by VIP-expressing hippocampal interneurons while upregulation of VIP VPAC1Rs is associated with the maintenance of VIP control of LTP in FT and HT animals. This suggests VIP receptor ligands may be relevant to co-adjuvate cognitive recovery therapies in aging or epilepsy, where LTP/LTD imbalance occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Aidil-Carvalho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Caulino-Rocha
- BioISI-Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Alexandre Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Cunha-Reis
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- BioISI-Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pellesi L, Ashina M, Martelletti P. Targeting the PACAP-38 pathway is an emerging therapeutic strategy for migraine prevention. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024; 29:57-64. [PMID: 38337150 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2317778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) has emerged as a key mediator of migraine pathogenesis. PACAP-38 and its receptors are predominantly distributed in arteries, sensory and parasympathetic neurons of the trigeminovascular system. Phase 2 trials have tested human monoclonal antibodies designed to bind and inhibit PACAP-38 and the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I (PAC1) receptor for migraine prevention. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the significance of the PACAP-38 pathway as a target in migraine prevention. English peer-reviewed articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov electronic databases. EXPERT OPINION A PAC1 receptor monoclonal antibody was not effective for preventing migraine in a proof-of-concept trial, paving the way for alternative strategies to be considered. Lu AG09222 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting PACAP-38 that was effective in preventing physiological responses of PACAP38 and reducing monthly migraine days in individuals with migraine. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the clinical utility, long-term safety and cost-effectiveness of therapies targeting the PACAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfranco Pellesi
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- School of Health Sciences, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Okada Y, Sato T, Islam ST, Ohke H, Saitoh M, Ishii H. Site-specific autonomic vasomotor responses and their interactions in rat gingiva. Microvasc Res 2024; 152:104646. [PMID: 38092222 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood flow in the gingiva, comprising the interdental papilla as well as attached and marginal gingiva, is important for maintaining of gingival function and is modulated by risk factors such as stress that may lead to periodontal disease. Marked blood flow changes mediated by the autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic) nervous system may be essential for gingival hemodynamics. However, differences in autonomic vasomotor responses and their functional significance in different parts of the gingiva are unclear. We examined the differences in autonomic vasomotor responses and their interactions in the gingiva of anesthetized rats. Parasympathetic vasodilation evoked by the trigeminal (lingual nerve)-mediated reflex elicited frequency-dependent blood flow increases in gingivae, with the increases being greatest in the interdental papilla. Parasympathetic blood flow increases were significantly reduced by intravenous administration of the atropine and VIP antagonist. The blood flow increase evoked by acetylcholine administration was higher in the interdental papilla than in the attached gingiva, whereas that evoked by VIP agonist administration was greater in the attached gingiva than in the interdental papilla. Activation of the cervical sympathetic nerves decreased gingival blood flow and inhibited parasympathetically induced blood flow increases. Our results suggest that trigeminal-parasympathetic reflex vasodilation 1) is more involved in the regulation of blood flow in the interdental papilla than in the other parts of the gingiva, 2) is mediated by cholinergic (interdental papilla) and VIPergic systems (attached gingiva), and 3) is inhibited by excess sympathetic activity. These results suggest a role in the etiology of periodontal diseases during mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunosuke Okada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Syed Taufiqul Islam
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hanako Ohke
- Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Ishii
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Myers-Joseph D, Wilmes KA, Fernandez-Otero M, Clopath C, Khan AG. Disinhibition by VIP interneurons is orthogonal to cross-modal attentional modulation in primary visual cortex. Neuron 2024; 112:628-645.e7. [PMID: 38070500 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Attentional modulation of sensory processing is a key feature of cognition; however, its neural circuit basis is poorly understood. A candidate mechanism is the disinhibition of pyramidal cells through vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SOM)-positive interneurons. However, the interaction of attentional modulation and VIP-SOM disinhibition has never been directly tested. We used all-optical methods to bi-directionally manipulate VIP interneuron activity as mice performed a cross-modal attention-switching task. We measured the activities of VIP, SOM, and parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and pyramidal neurons identified in the same tissue and found that although activity in all cell classes was modulated by both attention and VIP manipulation, their effects were orthogonal. Attention and VIP-SOM disinhibition relied on distinct patterns of changes in activity and reorganization of interactions between inhibitory and excitatory cells. Circuit modeling revealed a precise network architecture consistent with multiplexing strong yet non-interacting modulations in the same neural population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Myers-Joseph
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | | | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Adil G Khan
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Riedel CS, Georg B, Hannibal J. Phenotyping of light-activated neurons in the mouse SCN based on the expression of FOS and EGR1. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1321007. [PMID: 38317846 PMCID: PMC10839010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1321007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-sensitive neurons are located in the ventral and central core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), whereas stably oscillating clock neurons are found mainly in the dorsal shell. Signals between the SCN core and shell are believed to play an important role in light entrainment. Core neurons express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and Neuroglobin (Ngb), whereas the shell neurons express vasopressin (AVP), prokineticin 2, and the VIP type 2 (VPAC2) receptor. In rodents, light has a phase-shifting capacity at night, which induces rapid and transient expression of the EGR1 and FOS in the SCN. Methods: The present study used immunohistochemical staining of FOS, EGR1, and phenotypical markers of SCN neurons (VIP, AVP, Ngb) to identify subtypes/populations of light-responsive neurons at early night. Results: Double immunohistochemistry and cell counting were used to evaluate the number of SCN neurons expressing FOS and EGR1 in the SCN. The number of neurons expressing either EGR1 or FOS was higher than the total number of neurons co-storing EGR1 and FOS. Of the total number of light-responsive cells, 42% expressed only EGR1, 43% expressed only FOS, and 15% expressed both EGR1 and FOS. Light-responsive VIP neurons represented only 31% of all VIP neurons, and EGR1 represents the largest group of light-responsive VIP neurons (18%). VIP neurons expressing only FOS represented 1% of the total light-responsive VIP neurons. 81% of the Ngb neurons in the mouse SCN were light-responsive, and of these neurons expressing only EGR1 after light stimulation represented 44%, whereas 24% expressed FOS. Although most light-responsive neurons are found in the core of the SCN, 29% of the AVP neurons in the shell were light-responsive, of which 8% expressed EGR1, 10% expressed FOS, and 11% co-expressed both EGR1 and FOS after light stimulation. Discussion: Our analysis revealed cell-specific differences in light responsiveness between different peptidergic and Ngb-expressing neurons in different compartments of the mouse SCN, indicating that light activates diverse neuronal networks in the SCN, some of which participate in photoentrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kansaku N, Ohkubo T. Molecular form identification of anterior pituitary gland-secreted prolactin in chicken. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 346:114415. [PMID: 37995830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine changes during bird reproduction are well documented. Prolactin (PRL) exhibits a strong relationship between incubation and broody behavior. The molecular forms of PRL in the anterior pituitary gland during the reproductive cycle have already been previously identified but not those in the secreted form. To identify the molecular forms of secreted PRL during the reproductive cycle, we thus monitored the physiological status and incubation behavior of 10 Silkie hens by a video recording system over 1-2 years. Nine out of ten mature hens exhibited incubation behavior multiple times during the experiment. Ten hens demonstrated two interesting features. In a typical clutch, hens spent 10-15 min in the nest to lay an egg. Once they spent over 1 h in the nest, the nest occupancy increased incrementally. This shift in the nest occupancy occurred 7-10 days before the incubation onset and was highly repeatable. Based on the behavior of the hens, we cultured the anterior pituitary gland during four stages (premature non-laying, laying, trans, and incubation) with physiological PRL-releasing factor, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Based on our two-dimensional protein analysis, glycosylated PRL (G-PRL) displayed several isoforms with varying isoelectric points (pI), whereas we could detect one primary signal for non-glycosylated PRL (NG-PRL). However, 3-4 NG-PRL isoforms were detected in the anterior pituitary gland. These results suggested that secreted PRL, especially from the trans and incubation stages, contains various isoforms and it is post-translationally glycosylated and phosphorylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kansaku
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-Shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ohkubo
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Amimachi, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
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Hu JS, Malik R, Sohal VS, Rubenstein JL, Vogt D. Tsc1 Loss in VIP-Lineage Cortical Interneurons Results in More VIP+ Interneurons and Enhanced Excitability. Cells 2023; 13:52. [PMID: 38201256 PMCID: PMC10777938 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a powerful regulator of cell proliferation, growth, synapse maintenance and cell fate. While intensely studied for its role in cancer, the role of mTOR signaling is just beginning to be uncovered in specific cell types that are implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Previously, loss of the Tsc1 gene, which results in hyperactive mTOR, was shown to affect the function and molecular properties of GABAergic cortical interneurons (CINs) derived from the medial ganglionic eminence. To assess if other important classes of CINs could be impacted by mTOR dysfunction, we deleted Tsc1 in a caudal ganglionic eminence-derived interneuron group, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)+ subtype, whose activity disinhibits local circuits. Tsc1 mutant VIP+ CINs reduced their pattern of apoptosis from postnatal days 15-20, resulting in increased VIP+ CINs. The mutant CINs exhibited synaptic and electrophysiological properties that could contribute to the high rate of seizure activity in humans that harbor Tsc1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sheng Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vikaas S. Sohal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John L. Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Rahimi S, Salami P, Matulewicz P, Schmuck A, Bukovac A, Ramos-Prats A, Tasan RO, Drexel M. The role of subicular VIP-expressing interneurons on seizure dynamics in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114580. [PMID: 37884187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The subiculum, a key output region of the hippocampus, is increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role in seizure initiation and spread. The subiculum consists of glutamatergic pyramidal cells, which show alterations in intrinsic excitability in the course of epilepsy, and multiple types of GABAergic interneurons, which exhibit varying characteristics in epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of the vasoactive intestinal peptide interneurons (VIP-INs) of the ventral subiculum in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. We observed that an anatomically restricted inhibition of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum was sufficient to reduce seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of epilepsy, changing the circadian rhythm of seizures, emphasizing the critical role of this small cell population in modulating TLE. As we expected, permanent unilateral or bilateral silencing of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum in non-epileptic animals did not induce seizures or epileptiform activity. Interestingly, transient activation of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum was enough to increase the frequency of seizures in the acute seizure model. Our results offer new perspectives on the crucial involvement of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum in the pathophysiology of TLE. Given the observed predominant disinhibitory role of the VIP-INs input in subicular microcircuits, modifications of this input could be considered in the development of therapeutic strategies to improve seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pariya Salami
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pawel Matulewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Schmuck
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anneliese Bukovac
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arnau Ramos-Prats
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ramon Osman Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Rahmatullah N, Schmitt LM, De Stefano L, Post S, Robledo J, Chaudhari G, Pedapati E, Erickson C, Portera-Cailliau C, Goel A. Hypersensitivity to Distractors in Fragile X Syndrome from Loss of Modulation of Cortical VIP Interneurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8172-8188. [PMID: 37816596 PMCID: PMC10697397 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0571-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit is one of the most prominent and disabling symptoms in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli contributes to attention difficulties by overwhelming and/or distracting affected individuals, which disrupts activities of daily living at home and learning at school. We find that auditory or visual distractors selectively impair visual discrimination performance in humans and mice with FXS but not in typically developing controls. In both species, males and females were examined. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) neurons were significantly modulated by incorrect responses in the poststimulus period during early distractor trials in WT mice, consistent with their known role as error signals. Strikingly, however, VIP cells from Fmr1 -/- mice showed little modulation in error trials, and this correlated with their poor performance on the distractor task. Thus, VIP interneurons and their reduced modulatory influence on pyramidal cells could be a potential therapeutic target for attentional difficulties in FXS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sensory hypersensitivity, impulsivity, and persistent inattention are among the most consistent clinical features of FXS, all of which impede daily functioning and create barriers to learning. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sensory over-reactivity remain elusive. To overcome a significant challenge in translational FXS research we demonstrate a compelling alignment of sensory over-reactivity in both humans with FXS and Fmr1 -/- mice (the principal animal model of FXS) using a novel analogous distractor task. Two-photon microscopy in mice revealed that lack of modulation by VIP cells contributes to susceptibility to distractors. Implementing research efforts we describe here can help identify dysfunctional neural mechanisms associated not only with sensory issues but broader impairments, including those in learning and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorhan Rahmatullah
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Lauren M Schmitt
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH 45267
| | - Lisa De Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnatti, Ohio 45267
| | - Sam Post
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Jessica Robledo
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Gunvant Chaudhari
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ernest Pedapati
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnatti, Ohio 45267
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnatti, Ohio 45267
| | - Craig Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnatti, Ohio 45267
| | - Carlos Portera-Cailliau
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Anubhuti Goel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521
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13
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Ebrahim AS, Carion TW, Ebrahim T, Win J, Kani H, Wang Y, Stambersky A, Ibrahim AS, Sosne G, Berger EA. A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/ VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:974. [PMID: 37998149 PMCID: PMC10669755 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, the majority of adult diabetic patients develop visually debilitating corneal complications, including impaired wound healing. Unfortunately, there is limited treatment for diabetes-induced corneal damage. The current project investigates a novel, peptide-based combination therapy, thymosin beta-4 and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Tβ4/VIP), against high-glucose-induced damage to the corneal epithelium. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) was used for real-time monitoring of barrier function and wound healing of human corneal epithelial cells maintained in either normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) ± Tβ4 (0.1%) and VIP (5 nM). Barrier integrity was assessed by resistance, impedance, and capacitance measurements. For the wound healing assay, cell migration was also monitored. Corneal epithelial tight junction proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, and claudin-1) were assessed to confirm our findings. Barrier integrity and wound healing were significantly impaired under high-glucose conditions. However, barrier function and cell migration significantly improved with Tβ4/VIP treatment. These findings were supported by high-glucose-induced downregulation of tight junction proteins that were effectively maintained similar to normal levels when treated with Tβ4/VIP. These results strongly support the premise that Tβ4 and VIP work synergistically to protect corneal epithelial cells against hyperglycemia-induced damage. In addition, this work highlights the potential for significant translational impact regarding the treatment of diabetic patients and associated complications of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Thomas W. Carion
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Jeff Win
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Hussein Kani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Ashten Stambersky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gabriel Sosne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.S.E.); (T.W.C.); (T.E.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (A.S.); (A.S.I.); (G.S.)
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14
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Nagy K, Darkó É, Szalai G, Janda T, Jókai Z, Ladányi M, Rady MR, Dernovics M. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS assisted targeted metabolomics to study the enrichment of vinca alkaloids and related metabolites in Catharanthus roseus plants grown under controlled LED environment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115611. [PMID: 37542828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of pharmaceutically important vinca alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, in the leaves of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants through different pre- or postharvest treatments or cultivation conditions, e.g., exposing the plants to UV-irradiation, has been in focus for decades. Controlled LED environment in the visible light range offers the possibility of monitoring the changes in the concentration of metabolites in the vinca alkaloid-related pathway without involving UV-related abiotic stress. In the frame of our targeted metabolomics approach, 64 vinca alkaloids and metabolites were screened with the help of a UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS instrumental setup from the leaf extracts of C. roseus plants grown in chambers under control (medium light), low light, and high blue / high red/ high far-red conditions. Out of the 14 metabolites that could be assigned either unambiguously with authentic standards or tentatively with high resolution mass spectrometry-based methods, all three dimer vinca alkaloids, that is, 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, vinblastine and vincristine showed an at least nine-fold enrichment under high blue irradiation when compared with the control conditions: final concentrations of 961 mg kg-1 dry weight, 33.8 mg kg-1 dry weight, and 11.7 mg kg-1 dry weight could be achieved, respectively. As supported by multivariate statistical analysis, the key metabolites of the vinca alkaloid pathway were highly represented among the metabolites that were specifically stimulated by high blue light application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Nagy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary; Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Éva Darkó
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Jókai
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Márta Ladányi
- Department of Applied Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Basic Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Ramadan Rady
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth st., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Mihály Dernovics
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary.
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15
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Shore AN, Qunies AM, Spitznagel BD, Weaver CD, Emmitte KA, Frankel WN, Weston MC. Heterozygous expression of a Kcnt1 gain-of-function variant has differential effects on SST- and PV-expressing cortical GABAergic neurons. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.11.561953. [PMID: 37873369 PMCID: PMC10592778 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
More than twenty recurrent missense gain-of-function (GOF) mutations have been identified in the sodium-activated potassium (KNa) channel gene KCNT1 in patients with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), most of which are resistant to current therapies. Defining the neuron types most vulnerable to KCNT1 GOF will advance our understanding of disease mechanisms and provide refined targets for precision therapy efforts. Here, we assessed the effects of heterozygous expression of a Kcnt1 GOF variant (Y777H) on KNa currents and neuronal physiology among cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in mice, including those expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SST), and parvalbumin (PV), to identify and model the pathogenic mechanisms of autosomal dominant KCNT1 GOF variants in DEEs. Although the Kcnt1-Y777H variant had no effects on glutamatergic or VIP neuron function, it increased subthreshold KNa currents in both SST and PV neurons but with opposite effects on neuronal output; SST neurons became hypoexcitable with a higher rheobase current and lower action potential (AP) firing frequency, whereas PV neurons became hyperexcitable with a lower rheobase current and higher AP firing frequency. Further neurophysiological and computational modeling experiments showed that the differential effects of the Y777H variant on SST and PV neurons are not likely due to inherent differences in these neuron types, but to an increased persistent sodium current in PV, but not SST, neurons. The Y777H variant also increased excitatory input onto, and chemical and electrical synaptic connectivity between, SST neurons. Together, these data suggest differential pathogenic mechanisms, both direct and compensatory, contribute to disease phenotypes, and provide a salient example of how a pathogenic ion channel variant can cause opposite functional effects in closely related neuron subtypes due to interactions with other ionic conductances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N. Shore
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alshaima’a M. Qunies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Brittany D. Spitznagel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Wayne N. Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew C. Weston
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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16
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Li C, Shen W, Xu Z, Li C, Liu Q, Pang Y, Li J, Wang X, Wang Z, Feng S. The discovery of the new mechanism: Celastrol improves spinal cord injury by increasing cAMP through VIP-ADCYAP1R1-GNAS pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115250. [PMID: 37531781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that results in significant impairment of motor function and sensation. Despite the ongoing efforts to develop effective treatments, there are currently very limited options available for patients with SCI. Celastrol, a natural anti-inflammatory compound extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of celastrol for SCI and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. We found that local tissue often experiences a significant decrease in cAMP content and occurrs apoptosis after SCI. However, the treatment of celastrol could promote the production of cAMP by up-regulating the VIP-ADCYAP1R1-GNAS pathway. This could effectively inhibit the phosphorylation of JNK and prevent apoptosis, ultimately improving the exercise ability after SCI. Together, our results reveal celastrol may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wenyuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Spine Surgery Department of the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Zhengyu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junjin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhishuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Spine Surgery Department of the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China; Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University &Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250063, China.
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17
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Arroyo S, Barati S, Kim K, Aparicio F, Ganguly K. Emergence of preparatory dynamics in VIP interneurons during motor learning. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112834. [PMID: 37467107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine what actions to perform in each context, animals must learn how to execute motor programs in response to sensory cues. In rodents, the interface between sensory processing and motor planning occurs in the secondary motor cortex (M2). Here, we investigate dynamics in vasointestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons in M2 during acquisition of a cue-based, reach-to-grasp (RTG) task in mice. We observe the emergence of preparatory activity consisting of sensory responses and ramping activation in a subset of VIP interneurons during motor learning. We show that preparatory and movement activities in VIP neurons exhibit compartmentalized dynamics, with principal component 1 (PC1) and PC2 reflecting primarily movement and preparatory activity, respectively. In contrast, we observe later and more synchronous activation of SST neurons during the movement epoch with learning. Our results reveal how VIP population dynamics might support sensorimotor learning and compartmentalization of sensory processing and movement execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Arroyo
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sapeeda Barati
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Francisco Aparicio
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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18
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Silvestro M, Iannone LF, Orologio I, Tessitore A, Tedeschi G, Geppetti P, Russo A. Migraine Treatment: Towards New Pharmacological Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12268. [PMID: 37569648 PMCID: PMC10418850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Until a few years ago, preventive migraine treatments were based on molecules with pleiotropic targets, developed for other indications, and discovered by serendipity to be effective in migraine prevention, although often burdened by tolerability issues leading to low adherence. However, the progresses in unravelling the migraine pathophysiology allowed identifying novel putative targets as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Nevertheless, despite the revolution brought by CGRP monoclonal antibodies and gepants, a significant percentage of patients still remains burdened by an unsatisfactory response, suggesting that other pathways may play a critical role, with an extent of involvement varying among different migraine patients. Specifically, neuropeptides of the CGRP family, such as adrenomedullin and amylin; molecules of the secretin family, such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP); receptors, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels; intracellular downstream determinants, such as potassium channels, but also the opioid system and the purinergic pathway, have been suggested to be involved in migraine pathophysiology. The present review provides an overview of these pathways, highlighting, based on preclinical and clinical evidence, as well as provocative studies, their potential role as future targets for migraine preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Silvestro
- Headache Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.O.); (A.T.); (G.T.)
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Francesco Iannone
- Headache Centre and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Careggi University Hospital Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.F.I.); (P.G.)
| | - Ilaria Orologio
- Headache Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.O.); (A.T.); (G.T.)
| | - Alessandro Tessitore
- Headache Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.O.); (A.T.); (G.T.)
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Headache Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (I.O.); (A.T.); (G.T.)
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Headache Centre and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Careggi University Hospital Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.F.I.); (P.G.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Advanced MRI Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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19
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Vu JP, Luong L, Sanford D, Oh S, Kuc A, Pisegna R, Lewis M, Pisegna JR, Germano PM. PACAP and VIP Neuropeptides' and Receptors' Effects on Appetite, Satiety and Metabolism. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1013. [PMID: 37508442 PMCID: PMC10376325 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming increase in the prevalence of obesity and related disorders in recent years is one of the greatest threats to the global healthcare system since it generates immense healthcare costs. As the prevalence of obesity approaches epidemic proportions, the importance of elucidating the mechanisms regulating appetite, satiety, body metabolism, energy balance and adiposity has garnered significant attention. Currently, gastrointestinal (GI) bariatric surgery remains the only approach capable of achieving successful weight loss. Appetite, satiety, feeding behavior, energy intake and expenditure are regulated by central and peripheral neurohormonal mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated yet. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) are members of a family of regulatory peptides that are widely distributed in parallel with their specific receptors, VPAC1R, VPAC2R and PAC1R, in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and its associated organs and immune cells. PACAP and VIP have been reported to play an important role in the regulation of body phenotype, metabolism and homeostatic functions. The purpose of this review is to present recent data on the effects of PACAP, VIP, VPAC1R, VPAC2R and PAC1R on the modulation of appetite, satiety, metabolism, calorie intake and fat accumulation, to evaluate their potential use as therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Vu
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Leon Luong
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Daniel Sanford
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Suwan Oh
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Alma Kuc
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Rita Pisegna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Michael Lewis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90078, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Joseph R Pisegna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrizia M Germano
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Lee J, Thomas Broome S, Jansen MI, Mandwie M, Logan GJ, Marzagalli R, Musumeci G, Castorina A. Altered Hippocampal and Striatal Expression of Endothelial Markers and VIP/PACAP Neuropeptides in a Mouse Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11118. [PMID: 37446298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is one of the most common and severe manifestations of lupus; however, its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. While there is sparse evidence suggesting that the ongoing autoimmunity may trigger pathogenic changes to the central nervous system (CNS) microvasculature, culminating in inflammatory/ischemic damage, further evidence is still needed. In this study, we used the spontaneous mouse model of SLE (NZBWF1 mice) to investigate the expression of genes and proteins associated with endothelial (dys)function: tissue and urokinase plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA), intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and neuroprotection/immune modulation: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), PACAP receptor (PAC1), VIP receptors 1 and 2 (VPAC1 and VPAC2). Analyses were carried out both in the hippocampus and striatum of SLE mice of two different age groups (2 and 7 months old), since age correlates with disease severity. In the hippocampus, we identified a gene/protein expression profile indicative of mild endothelial dysfunction, which increased in severity in aged SLE mice. These alterations were paralleled by moderate alterations in the expression of VIP, PACAP and related receptors. In contrast, we report a robust upregulation of endothelial activation markers in the striatum of both young and aged mice, concurrent with significant induction of the VIP/PACAP system. These data identify molecular signatures of endothelial alterations in the hippocampus and striatum of NZBWF1 mice, which are accompanied by a heightened expression of endogenous protective/immune-modulatory neuropeptides. Collectively, our results support the idea that NPSLE may cause alterations of the CNS micro-vascular compartment that cannot be effectively counteracted by the endogenous activity of the neuropeptides PACAP and VIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomas Broome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Margo Iris Jansen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mawj Mandwie
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Grant J Logan
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Rubina Marzagalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (LCMN), School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Rao IH, Waller EK, Dhamsania RK, Chandrasekaran S. Gene Expression Analysis Links Autocrine Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and ZEB1 in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3284. [PMID: 37444395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) is a 28-amino acid peptide hormone expressed by cancer and the healthy nervous system, digestive tract, cardiovascular, and immune cell tissues. Many cancers express VIP and its surface receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2, but the role of autocrine VIP signaling in cancer as a targetable prognostic and predictive biomarker remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted an in silico gene expression analysis to study the mechanisms of autocrine VIP signaling in cancer. VIP expression from TCGA PANCAN tissue samples was analyzed against the expression levels of 760 cancer-associated genes. Of the 760 genes, 10 (MAPK3, ZEB1, TEK, NOS2, PTCH1 EIF4G1, GMPS, CDK2, RUVBL1, and TIMELESS) showed statistically meaningful associations with the VIP (Pearson's R-coefficient > |0.3|; p < 0.05) across all cancer histologies. The strongest association with the VIP was for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulator ZEB1 in gastrointestinal malignancies. Similar positive correlations between the VIP and ZEB1 expression were also observed in healthy gastrointestinal tissues. Gene set analysis indicates the VIP is involved in the EMT and cell cycle pathways, and a high VIP and ZEB1 expression is associated with higher median estimate and stromal scores These findings uncover novel mechanisms for VIP- signaling in cancer and specifically suggest a role for VIP as a biomarker of ZEB1-mediated EMT. Further studies are warranted to characterize the specific mechanism of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani H Rao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rohan K Dhamsania
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM)-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA
| | - Sanjay Chandrasekaran
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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22
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Bonini S, Di Zazzo A, Surico PL, Balzamino BO, Luccarelli V, Niutta M, Coassin M, Micera A. Inflammation and Dry Eye-like Symptoms as Concomitant Manifestations of Laryngo-Pharyngeal Reflux. Curr Eye Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37092761 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2207210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngo-pharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common worldwide disease. LPR symptoms may involve distant organs and tissues including the ocular surface with manifestations of a Dry Eye-like disease. We evaluated the concomitant involvement of the ocular surface in patients with LPR. We also defined the clinical signs and the roles of chemical and neuro-inflammatory mediators in the tears of LPR patients. METHODS Seventy-seven patients with LPR (mean age 65.8 ± 16.8 SD) and 25 healthy controls (mean age 56.5 ± 16.3 SD) were recruited from the otorhinolaryngology unit. Each subject was evaluated for the presence of concomitant ocular surface disease through clinical examination, including the measurement of tear break-up time (TBUT) and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Tears and conjunctival imprints were collected. The presence of pepsin in tears was detected by ELISA. HLA-DR in conjunctival imprints were imaged by immunofluorescence microscopy. RT-PCR quantified conjunctival mRNA transcripts of HLA-DR, IL-8, MUC5AC, NADPH, VIP, and NPY. RESULTS Patients with LPR had significantly increased OSDI and reduced TBUT scores compared to control subjects (p < 0.05 each). Pepsin was detected in 51% of patient tears while it was not measurable in the controls (p < 0.01). Immunoreactivity for HLA-DR in the conjunctival impressions was greater than for the controls with an increased mRNA expression (p < 0.05). mRNA transcripts for IL-8, NADPH, and VIP were significantly increased in LPR patients (p < 0.05 each), but neither MUC5AC nor NPY were different from controls. CONCLUSIONS LPR can adversely affect the ocular surface, leading to moderate signs and symptoms of dry eye. This study provides evidence that the presence of pepsin, HLA-DR immunoreactivity, and increased mRNA expression of neuro-inflammatory markers in the tears and conjunctival imprints of LPR patients suggests a potential link between LPR inflammation and ocular surface disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonini
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences; Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Vitaliana Luccarelli
- Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Niutta
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences; Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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Kwapiszewski JT, Rivera-Perez LM, Roberts MT. Cholinergic Boutons are Distributed Along the Dendrites and Somata of VIP Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:181-196. [PMID: 36627519 PMCID: PMC10121979 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling shapes sound processing and plasticity in the inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain hub of the central auditory system, but how cholinergic terminals contact and influence individual neuron types in the IC remains largely unknown. Using pharmacology and electrophysiology, we recently found that acetylcholine strongly excites VIP neurons, a class of glutamatergic principal neurons in the IC, by activating α3β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we confirm and extend these results using tissue from mice of both sexes. First, we show that mRNA encoding α3 and β4 nAChR subunits is expressed in many neurons throughout the IC, including most VIP neurons, suggesting that these subunits, which are rare in the brain, are important mediators of cholinergic signaling in the IC. Next, by combining fluorescent labeling of VIP neurons and immunofluorescence against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), we show that individual VIP neurons in the central nucleus of the IC (ICc) are contacted by a large number of cholinergic boutons. Cholinergic boutons were distributed adjacent to the somata and along the full length of the dendritic arbors of VIP neurons, positioning cholinergic signaling to affect synaptic computations arising throughout the somatodendritic compartments of VIP neurons. In addition, cholinergic boutons were occasionally observed in close apposition to dendritic spines on VIP neurons, raising the possibility that cholinergic signaling also modulates presynaptic release onto VIP neurons. Together, these results strengthen the evidence that cholinergic signaling exerts widespread influence on auditory computations performed by VIP neurons and other neurons in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Kwapiszewski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Luis M Rivera-Perez
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Michael T Roberts
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Pharmacology, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
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Kohl T, Ridzal L, Kuch B, Hartel M, Kreft C, Musoski A, Michel K, Luksch H, Schemann M, Annaházi A. Enteric neuroanatomy and smooth muscle activity in the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Front Zool 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 36759847 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) functions are controlled by the enteric nervous system (ENS) in vertebrates, but data on snakes are scarce, as most studies were done in mammals. However, the feeding of many snakes, including Crotalus atrox, is in strong contrast with mammals, as it consumes an immense, intact prey that is forwarded, stored, and processed by the GI tract. We performed immunohistochemistry in different regions of the GI tract to assess the neuronal density and to quantify cholinergic, nitrergic, and VIPergic enteric neurons. We recorded motility patterns and determined the role of different neurotransmitters in the control of motility. Neuroimaging experiments complemented motility findings. RESULTS A well-developed ganglionated myenteric plexus (MP) was found in the oesophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. In the submucous plexus (SMP) most neurons were scattered individually without forming ganglia. The lowest number of neurons was present in the SMP of the proximal colon, while the highest was in the MP of the oesophagus. The total number of neurons in the ENS was estimated to be approx. 1.5 million. In all regions of the SMP except for the oesophagus more nitric oxide synthase+ than choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ neurons were counted, while in the MP ChAT+ neurons dominated. In the SMP most nerve cells were VIP+, contrary to the MP, where numerous VIP+ nerve fibers but hardly any VIP+ neuronal cell bodies were seen. Regular contractions were observed in muscle strips from the distal stomach, but not from the proximal stomach or the colon. We identified acetylcholine as the main excitatory and nitric oxide as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. Furthermore, 5-HT and dopamine stimulated, while VIP and the ß-receptor-agonist isoproterenol inhibited motility. ATP had only a minor inhibitory effect. Nerve-evoked contractile responses were sodium-dependent, insensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX), but sensitive to lidocaine, supported by neuroimaging experiments. CONCLUSIONS The structure of the ENS, and patterns of gastric and colonic contractile activity of Crotalus atrox are strikingly different from mammalian models. However, the main excitatory and inhibitory pathways appear to be conserved. Future studies have to explore how the observed differences are an adaptation to the particular feeding strategy of the snake.
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25
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Gallino L, Hauk V, Castagnola L, Vota D, Pascuali N, Parborell F, May M, Fontana V, Merech F, Naguila Z, Waschek J, Leirós CP, Ramhorst R. Vasoactive intestinal peptide deficiency promotes ovarian dysfunction associated to a proinflammatory microenvironment reminiscent of premature aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166585. [PMID: 36423894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Complex immune regulation during pregnancy is required to ensure a successful pregnancy outcome. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has local immunoregulatory effects on the ovary, uterus and maternal-fetal interface that favor a tolerogenic maternal microenvironment. Since the VIP Knockout (KO) mice are subfertile, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of VIP deficiency on ovarian physiology and immune homeostasis. Therefore, we studied VIP KO, deficient (HT) and wild type (WT) female mice in estrus at 3 or 8 months of age. Young KO mice showed abnormal cycle timing and regularity associated with dysfunctional ovaries. Ovaries presented higher number of atretic follicles and reduced number of corpora lutea leading to a lower ovulation rates. Part of the VIP KO mice (25 %) failed to ovulate or ovulated oocytes incompetent to be fertilized (50 %). In particular, ovaries of young KO mice exhibited features of premature aging accompanied by a pro-inflammatory milieu with increased levels of IL-1β. A unique macrophage subpopulation identified as "foamy macrophages" was found. On the other hand, aged VIP KO females did not gain body weight probably due to the sustained production of E2. Finally, the adoptive transfer of FOXP3+ cells to infertile VIP KO females resulted in their selective recruitment to the ovary. It increased FOXP3/RORγt and TGFβ/IL-6 ratio improving ovarian microenvironment and pregnancy rate. The present results suggest that VIP contributes to ovarian homeostatic mechanisms required for a successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Gallino
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Castagnola
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Vota
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Maria May
- ININFA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Vanina Fontana
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fatima Merech
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zaira Naguila
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James Waschek
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Claudia Perez Leirós
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Veit J, Handy G, Mossing DP, Doiron B, Adesnik H. Cortical VIP neurons locally control the gain but globally control the coherence of gamma band rhythms. Neuron 2023; 111:405-417.e5. [PMID: 36384143 PMCID: PMC9898108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gamma band synchronization can facilitate local and long-range neural communication. In the primary visual cortex, visual stimulus properties within a specific location determine local synchronization strength, while the match of stimulus properties between distant locations controls long-range synchronization. The neural basis for the differential control of local and global gamma band synchronization is unknown. Combining electrophysiology, optogenetics, and computational modeling, we found that VIP disinhibitory interneurons in mouse cortex linearly scale gamma power locally without changing its stimulus tuning. Conversely, they suppress long-range synchronization when two regions process non-matched stimuli, tuning gamma coherence globally. Modeling shows that like-to-like connectivity across space and specific VIP→SST inhibition capture these opposing effects. VIP neurons thus differentially impact local and global properties of gamma rhythms depending on visual stimulus statistics. They may thereby construct gamma-band filters for spatially extended but continuous image features, such as contours, facilitating the downstream generation of coherent visual percepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Veit
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Gregory Handy
- Departments of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel P Mossing
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brent Doiron
- Departments of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Truchado DA, Rincón S, Zurita L, Sánchez F, Ponz F. Isopeptide Bonding In Planta Allows Functionalization of Elongated Flexuous Proteinaceous Viral Nanoparticles, including Non-Viable Constructs by Other Means. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020375. [PMID: 36851591 PMCID: PMC9964325 DOI: 10.3390/v15020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have become an attractive platform for the development of novel nanotools in the last years because of their safety, inexpensive production, and straightforward functionalization. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one example of a plant-based VNP used as a nanobiotechnological platform either as virions or as virus-like particles (VLPs). Their functionalization mainly consists of coating their surface with the molecules of interest via chemical conjugation or genetic fusion. However, because of their limitations, these two methods sometimes result in non-viable constructs. In this paper, we applied the SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology as an alternative for the functionalization of TuMV VLPs with peptides and proteins. We chose as molecules of interest the green fluorescent protein (GFP) because of its good traceability, as well as the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), given the previous unsuccessful attempts to functionalize TuMV VNPs by other methods. The successful conjugation of VLPs to GFP and VIP using SpyTag/SpyCatcher was confirmed through Western blot and electron microscopy. Moreover, the isopeptide bond between SpyTag and SpyCatcher occurred in vivo in co-agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana plants. These results demonstrated that SpyTag/SpyCatcher improves TuMV functionalization compared with previous approaches, thus implying the expansion of the application of the technology to elongated flexuous VNPs.
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Sienkiewicz W, Kuchinka J, Dudek A, Nowak E, Kaleczyc J, Radzimirska M, Szczurkowski A. Morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of the otic ganglion in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger Molina). Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2023; 61:17-25. [PMID: 36692115 DOI: 10.5603/fhc.a2023.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The available literature provides relatively little information on the morphology of the autonomic head ganglia in rodents including their neurochemical codding. MATERIAL AND METHODS Morphological investigations of the otic ganglion of the chinchilla were performed using the modified acetylcholinesterase method. The cellular structure was investigated with histological techniques and neurochemical properties were studied with the double-labelling immunofluorescence method. RESULTS Macromorphological investigations allowed the otic ganglion to be identified as a compact, oval agglomeration of neurons and nerve fibers. Multidimensional cross-sections revealed densely arranged neuronal perikarya and two populations of nerve cells differing in size were distinguished. The large cells (40-50 µm) accounted for about 80% of the neurons in the cross-sections. Moreover, a small number of intraganglionic nerve fibers was observed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that over 85% of the neuronal cell bodies in the otic ganglion contained immunoreactivity to VAChT or ChAT. VIP-immunoreactive perikarya comprised approximately 10% of the ganglionic cells. Double staining revealed the presence of VAChT+ and NOS+ neurons which amounted to about 45% of the nerve cells in the otic ganglion. NOS+ only perikarya comprised approx. 15% of all the neurons. Immunoreactivity to enkephalins, substance P, somatostatin, and galanin was expressed in single nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers except numerous substance P+ intraganglionic nerve fibers. Some of them were stained also for CGRP. Single neurons stained for tyroxine hydroxylase. CONCLUSIONS Our results, compared with findings in other rodent species suggest the existence of interspecies differences in the morphology, cellular structure, and immunohistochemical properties of the head autonomic ganglia in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Sienkiewicz
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuchinka
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dudek
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowak
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kaleczyc
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Radzimirska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aleksander Szczurkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Histology and Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland
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Ivanov E, Akhmetshina M, Erdiakov A, Gavrilova S. Sympathetic System in Wound Healing: Multistage Control in Normal and Diabetic Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss sympathetic regulation in normal and diabetic wound healing. Experimental denervation studies have confirmed that sympathetic nerve endings in skin have an important and complex role in wound healing. Vasoconstrictor neurons secrete norepinephrine (NE) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Both mediators decrease blood flow and interact with inflammatory cells and keratinocytes. NE acts in an ambiguous way depending on receptor type. Beta2-adrenoceptors could be activated near sympathetic endings; they suppress inflammation and re-epithelialization. Alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptors induce inflammation and activate keratinocytes. Sudomotor neurons secrete acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Both induce vasodilatation, angiogenesis, inflammation, keratinocytes proliferation and migration. In healthy skin, all effects are important for successful healing. In treatment of diabetic ulcers, mediator balance could be shifted in different ways. Beta2-adrenoceptors blockade and nicotinic ACh receptors activation are the most promising directions in treatment of diabetic ulcers with neuropathy, but they require further research.
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Rahmatullah N, Schmitt LM, De Stefano L, Post S, Robledo J, Chaudhari GR, Pedapati E, Erickson CA, Portera-Cailliau C, Goel A. Hypersensitivity to distractors in Fragile X syndrome from loss of modulation of cortical VIP interneurons. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.03.522654. [PMID: 36711901 PMCID: PMC9881942 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit is one of the most prominent and disabling symptoms in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli contributes to attention difficulties by overwhelming and/or distracting affected individuals, which disrupts activities of daily living at home and learning at school. We find that auditory or visual distractors selectively impair visual discrimination performance in both humans and mice with FXS, but not their typically developing controls. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) neurons were significantly modulated by incorrect responses in the post-stimulus period during early distractor trials in WT mice, consistent with their known role as 'error' signals. Strikingly, however, VIP cells from Fmr1-/- mice showed little modulation in error trials, and this correlated with their poor performance on the distractor task. Thus, VIP interneurons and their reduced modulatory influence on pyramidal cells, could be a potential therapeutic target for attentional difficulties in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorhan Rahmatullah
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UC Riverside, CA
- Department of Psychology, UC Riverside, CA
| | - Lauren M. Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
| | - Lisa De Stefano
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
| | - Sam Post
- Department of Psychology, UC Riverside, CA
| | | | | | - Ernest Pedapati
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
| | - Craig A. Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH
| | - Carlos Portera-Cailliau
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, CA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, CA
| | - Anubhuti Goel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UC Riverside, CA
- Department of Psychology, UC Riverside, CA
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Li J, Sun Y, Wang R, Ma S, Shi L, Wang K, Zhang H, Wang T, Liu L. Seasonal differences in intestinal flora are related to rats' intestinal water metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1109696. [PMID: 36910220 PMCID: PMC9999011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported obvious seasonal differences in the intestinal flora of rats, and this stable distribution of the seasonal flora helps in maintaining the normal physiological function of the host. However, the mechanism underlying these seasonal differences in intestinal flora remains unclear. To explore the correlation among seasonal factors and intestinal water metabolism and intestinal flora, 20 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into spring, summer, autumn, and winter groups. The environment for the four seasons was simulated using the Balanced Temperature and Humidity Control system. The intestinal water metabolism was evaluated by determining the intestinal transmission function, fecal water content, water content of colonic tissue, and the colonic expression levels of AQP3, AQP4, and AQP8. The composition and relative abundance of intestinal microflora in rats in each season were assessed through 16S rDNA amplifier sequencing, and the relationship between the dominant flora and intestinal water metabolism in each season was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The high temperature and humidity season could lead to an increase in intestinal water metabolism and intestinal water content in rats, whereas the low temperature and humidity season could lead to a decrease, which was closely related to the change in microflora. To explore the molecular mechanism of seasonal changes in intestinal water metabolism, the concentration of colonic 5-HT, VIP, cAMP, and PKA associated with intestinal water metabolism in rats were also examined. Seasonal changes could affect the concentration of colonic 5-HT and VIP in rats, and then regulate AQPs through cAMP/PKA pathway to affect the intestinal water metabolism. These results suggest that seasonal factors affect the level of intestinal water metabolism in rats and result in seasonal differences in intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yike Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuran Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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32
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Deligianni C, Pellesi L, Chaudhry BA, Haulund Vollesen AL, Snoer AH, Hannibal J, Jensen RH, Ashina M. Plasma levels of VIP are not elevated during PACAP- and VIP-induced cluster headache attacks: an exploratory study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1135246. [PMID: 37143998 PMCID: PMC10151752 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1135246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) provoked cluster headache attacks in individuals with episodic cluster headache during their active phase and individuals with chronic cluster headache. In this study, we investigated whether infusions of PACAP and VIP caused alterations in plasma levels of VIP and their potential contribution to induced cluster headache attacks. Methods Participants received either PACAP or VIP infusion for 20 min on 2 separate days with an interval of at least 7 days in between. Blood collection was performed at T0, T20, T30, and T90. Plasma levels of VIP were measured using a validated radioimmunoassay method. Results Blood samples were collected from participants with episodic cluster headache in the active phase (eCHA, n = 14), remission (eCHR, n = 15), and from participants with chronic cluster headache (cCH, n = 15). Baseline levels of VIP did not differ among the three groups (p = 0.1161). During PACAP infusion, mixed-effects analysis revealed a significant increase in plasma levels of VIP in eCHA (p = 0.0300) and eCHR (p = 0.0058) but not in cCH (p = 0.2930). We found no difference in the increase of plasma VIP levels between patients who developed PACAP38- or VIP-induced attacks. Conclusion Cluster headache attacks induced by PACAP38 or VIP infusion are not associated with changes in plasma levels of VIP. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of VIP and the parasympathetic system in cluster headache. Clinical trial registration The parent study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03814226).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Deligianni
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lanfranco Pellesi
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Basit Ali Chaudhry
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Luise Haulund Vollesen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agneta Henriette Snoer
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rigmor Højland Jensen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Messoud Ashina
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Aksenov DP, Gascoigne DA, Duan J, Drobyshevsky A. Function and development of interneurons involved in brain tissue oxygen regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1069496. [PMID: 36504684 PMCID: PMC9729339 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1069496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of oxygen in brain tissue is one of the most important fundamental questions in neuroscience and medicine. The brain is a metabolically demanding organ, and its health directly depends on maintaining oxygen concentrations within a relatively narrow range that is both sufficiently high to prevent hypoxia, and low enough to restrict the overproduction of oxygen species. Neurovascular interactions, which are responsible for oxygen delivery, consist of neuronal and glial components. GABAergic interneurons play a particularly important role in neurovascular interactions. The involvement of interneurons extends beyond the perspective of inhibition, which prevents excessive neuronal activity and oxygen consumption, and includes direct modulation of the microvasculature depending upon their sub-type. Namely, nitric oxide synthase-expressing (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP), and somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons have shown modulatory effects on microvessels. VIP interneurons are known to elicit vasodilation, SST interneurons typically cause vasoconstriction, and NOS interneurons have to propensity to induce both effects. Given the importance and heterogeneity of interneurons in regulating local brain tissue oxygen concentrations, we review their differing functions and developmental trajectories. Importantly, VIP and SST interneurons display key developmental milestones in adolescence, while NOS interneurons mature much earlier. The implications of these findings point to different periods of critical development of the interneuron-mediated oxygen regulatory systems. Such that interference with normal maturation processes early in development may effect NOS interneuron neurovascular interactions to a greater degree, while insults later in development may be more targeted toward VIP- and SST-mediated mechanisms of oxygen regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil P. Aksenov
- Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States,Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Daniil P. Aksenov,
| | - David A. Gascoigne
- Department of Radiology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander Drobyshevsky
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
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Tasma Z, Siow A, Harris PWR, Brimble MA, O’Carroll SJ, Hay DL, Walker CS. PAC 1, VPAC 1, and VPAC 2 Receptor Expression in Rat and Human Trigeminal Ganglia: Characterization of PACAP-Responsive Receptor Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213797. [PMID: 36430275 PMCID: PMC9697343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide expressed in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). The TG conducts nociceptive signals in the head and may play roles in migraine. PACAP infusion provokes headaches in healthy individuals and migraine-like attacks in patients; however, it is not clear whether targeting this system could be therapeutically efficacious. To effectively target the PACAP system, an understanding of PACAP receptor distribution is required. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize commercially available antibodies and use these to detect PACAP-responsive receptors in the TG. Antibodies were initially validated in receptor transfected cell models and then used to explore receptor expression in rat and human TG. Antibodies were identified that could detect PACAP-responsive receptors, including the first antibody to differentiate between the PAC1n and PAC1s receptor splice variants. PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptor-like immunoreactivity were observed in subpopulations of both neuronal and glial-like cells in the TG. In this study, PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptors were detected in the TG, suggesting they are all potential targets to treat migraine. These antibodies may be useful tools to help elucidate PACAP-responsive receptor expression in tissues. However, most antibodies exhibited limitations, requiring the use of multiple methodologies and the careful inclusion of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Tasma
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Siow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. O’Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
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35
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Hawley E, Mia K, Yusuf M, Swanson KC, Doetkott C, Dorsam GP. Messenger RNA Gene Expression Screening of VIP and PACAP Neuropeptides and Their Endogenous Receptors in Ruminants. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11101512. [PMID: 36290416 PMCID: PMC9598725 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP) are anti-inflammatory neuropeptides that play important roles in human and rodent gut microbiota homeostasis and host immunity. Pharmacologically regulating these neuropeptides is expected to have significant health and feed efficiency benefits for agriculturally relevant animals. However, their expression profile in ruminant tissues is not well characterized. To this end, we screened for VIP and PACAP neuropeptides and their endogenous GPCRs using 15 different tissues from wethers and steers by RT-qPCR. Our results revealed relatively similar expression profiles for both VIP and PACAP neuropeptide ligands in the brain and intestinal tissue of both species. In contrast, the tissue expression profiles for VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 were more widespread and disparate, with VPAC1 being the most diversely expressed receptor with mRNA detection in the brain and throughout the gastrointestinal tract. These data are an important first step to allow for future investigations regarding the VIP and PACAP signaling pathways in livestock ruminant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hawley
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Kafi Mia
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Mustapha Yusuf
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Kendall C. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Curt Doetkott
- Information Technology Services, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Glenn P. Dorsam
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Correspondence:
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36
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Boesing M, Abig K, Brändle M, Brutsche M, Burri E, Frye BC, Giezendanner S, Grutters JC, Haas P, Heisler J, Jaun F, Leuppi-Taegtmeyer AB, Lüthi-Corridori G, Müller-Quernheim J, Nüesch R, Pohl W, Rassouli F, Leuppi JD. Inhaled a viptadil for the possible treatment of COVID-19 in patients at high risk for ARDS: study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled, and multicenter trial. Trials 2022; 23:790. [PMID: 36127739 PMCID: PMC9486780 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the fast establishment of new therapeutic agents in the management of COVID-19 and large-scale vaccination campaigns since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in early 2020, severe disease courses still represent a threat, especially to patients with risk factors. This indicates the need for alternative strategies to prevent respiratory complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID-19. Aviptadil, a synthetic form of human vasoactive intestinal peptide, might be beneficial for COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing ARDS because of its ability to influence the regulation of exaggerated pro-inflammatory proteins and orchestrate the lung homeostasis. Aviptadil has recently been shown to considerably improve the prognosis of ARDS in COVID-19 when applied intravenously. An inhaled application of aviptadil has the advantages of achieving a higher concentration in the lung tissue, fast onset of activity, avoiding the hepatic first-pass metabolism, and the reduction of adverse effects. The overall objective of this project is to assess the efficacy and safety of inhaled aviptadil in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at high risk of developing ARDS. Methods This multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial with 132 adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and at high risk for ARDS (adapted early acute lung injury score ≥ 2 points) is conducted in five public hospitals in Europe. Key exclusion criteria are mechanical ventilation at baseline, need for intensive care at baseline, and severe hemodynamic instability. Patients are randomly allocated to either inhale 67 μg aviptadil or normal saline (three times a day for 10 days), in addition to standard care, stratified by center. The primary endpoint is time from hospitalization to clinical improvement, defined as either hospital discharge, or improvement of at least two levels on the nine-level scale for clinical status suggested by the World Health Organization. Discussion Treatment strategies for COVID-19 are still limited. In the context of upcoming new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and possible inefficacy of the available vaccines and antibody therapies, the investigation of alternative therapy options plays a crucial role in decreasing associated mortality and improving prognosis. Due to its unique immunomodulating properties also targeting the SARS-CoV-2 pathways, inhaled aviptadil may have the potential to prevent ARDS in COVID-19. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04536350. Registered 02 September 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06723-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Boesing
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kristin Abig
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Michael Brändle
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, CH-9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Brutsche
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, CH-9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Burri
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Björn C Frye
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Kilianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Giezendanner
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Jan C Grutters
- St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Koekoekslaan 1, NL-3435, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.,Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Haas
- AdVita Lifescience GmbH, Alte Bundesstrasse 20, 79194, Gundelfingen, Germany
| | - Justian Heisler
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Jaun
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Anne B Leuppi-Taegtmeyer
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Lüthi-Corridori
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Müller-Quernheim
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Kilianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reto Nüesch
- Hospital Schwyz, Waldeggstrasse 10, CH-6430, Schwyz, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Pohl
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pneumology, Clinic Hietzing, Wolkersbergenstrasse 1, A-1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Rassouli
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, CH-9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Leuppi
- University Clinic of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410, Liestal, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Cui MX, Sun YP, Li XF, Zhang XP, Xu XK, Gao F, Sun YH, Zhang X. [Effect of electroacupuncture of "Tianshu"(ST25) at different frequencies on electromyography and immunoactivity of SP and VIP of colon in rats with slow transit constipation]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2022; 47:710-4. [PMID: 36036105 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20210638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of bilateral "Tianshu"(ST25) at different frequencies on the first black stool discharge time, colonic electromyography (EMG) and immunoactivity of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in the colon tissue in rats with slow transit constipation (STC), so as to choose a better stimulating frequency in the treatment of STC. METHODS A total of 50 male Wistar rats were randomized into control, model, 2 Hz-EA, 100 Hz- EA, and 2 Hz/100 Hz-EA groups, with 10 rats in each group. The STC model was established by intraperitoneal injection of compound diphenoxylate suspension fluid (10 mg/kg). EA was applied to bilateral ST25 for 30 min, once a day for 14 consecutive days. The discharge time for the first black stool was recorded after gavage of mixed suspension fluid of active carbon (2 mL) for assessing the gastrointestinal motility. The colonic EMG was recorded by using a pair of silver electrodes and bioelectric amplifier. The expression of SP and VIP in the colonic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Following mode-ling, the colonic EMG amplitude, the discharge time for the first black stool and VIP immunoactivity were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the EMG frequency and SP immunoactivity were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the model group compared with the control group. Compared with the model group, the increase of the discharge time for the first black stool, EMG amplitude and VIP immunoactivity, the decrease of EMG frequency and SP immunoactivity were reversed in the 3 EA groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). The therapeutic effect of 100 Hz-EA was notably weaker than that of both 2 Hz-EA and 2 Hz/100 Hz-EA in up-regulating EMG frequency and SP immunoactivity and in down-regulating the discharge time for the first black stool, EMG amplitude and VIP immunoactivity (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 Hz/100 Hz-EA and 2 Hz-EA groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION EA can accelerate colonic EMG activities, which may be associated with its functions in down-regulating VIP immunoactivity and up-regulating SP immunoactivity in the colonic tissues. The therapeutic effects of 2 Hz/100 Hz-EA and 2 Hz-EA are better than that of 100 Hz-EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xiao Cui
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yu-Pei Sun
- Medical College of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, Hebei Province
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xuan-Ping Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Xu
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan-Hui Sun
- Hebei Key Research Office of Efficacy Specificity of Needling-moxibustion Methods, Shijiazhuang 050091
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
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Azizian A, König A, Ghadimi M. Treatment options of metastatic and nonmetastatic VIPoma: a review. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:2629-2636. [PMID: 35931878 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE VIPoma belongs to the group of neuroendocrine neoplasms. These tumours are located mostly in the pancreas and produce high levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In most cases, a metastatic state has already been reached at the initial diagnosis, with high levels of VIP leading to a wide spectrum of presenting symptoms. These symptoms include intense diarrhoea and subsequent hypopotassaemia but also cardiac complications, with life-threatening consequences. Treatment options include symptomatic therapy, systemic chemotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as radiation and surgery. Due to the low incidence of VIPoma, there are no prospective studies or evidence-based therapeutic standards to date. METHODS To evaluate the possible impact of different therapy strategies, we performed literature research using PubMed. RESULTS All possible treatment modalities for VIPoma have at least one of two therapy goals: antisecretory effects (symptom control) and antitumoural effects (tumour burden reduction). Symptomatic therapy is the most important in the emergency setting to rehydrate, balance electrolytes and stabilise the patient. Symptomatic therapy is also of great importance perioperatively. Somatostatin analogues play a major role in symptom control, although their efficiency is often limited. Chemotherapy may be effective in reaching stable disease for a certain time period, although its impact on symptom control is limited and often delayed. Among targeted therapy options, the usage of sunitinib appears to be the most effective in terms of symptom control and showing antitumoural effects at the same time. Experience with radiation is still limited; however, local ablative procedures seem to be promising options. Peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) with radiolabelled somatostatin analogues (SSAs, 177Lu-DOTATATE) offers a targeted approach, especially in patients with high somatostatin receptor density. Surgery is the first-line therapy for nonmetastatic VIPoma. Additionally, if the resection of all visible tumour lesions is possible, the surgical approach seems preferable to other strategies in highly symptomatic patients. The role of surgery in very advanced stages where only tumour debulking is possible remains debatable. However, a high rate of immediate symptom control can be achieved by tumour debulking followed by somatostatin therapy, although the impact on survival remains unclear. CONCLUSION Surgery is the only curative option for nonmetastatic VIPoma. Additionally, surgery should be a first-line therapy option for highly symptomatic patients, especially if the resection of all tumour lesions (primary tumour and metastasis) is achievable. In frail patients, other modalities can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Azizian
- Department of General, Visceral, and Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Goettingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander König
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology, and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Paediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, Goettingen, 37077, Germany.
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Lamana A, Castro-Vázquez D, de la Fuente H, Triguero-Martínez A, Martínez-Hernández R, Revenga M, Villanueva-Romero R, Llamas-Velasco M, Chicharro P, Juarranz Y, Marazuela M, Sales-Sanz M, García-Vicuña R, Tomero E, González-Álvaro I, Martínez C, Gomariz RP. VIP/VPAC Axis Expression in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders: Associated miRNA Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158578. [PMID: 35955723 PMCID: PMC9369218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have considered immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) together, which is necessary to adequately understand them given they share common mechanisms. Our goal was to investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2 in selected IMID, analyze the effect of biological therapies on them, and identify miRNA signatures associated with their expression. Serum VIP levels and mRNA of VPAC and miRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed from 52 patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves’ disease, or spondyloarthritis and from 38 healthy subjects. IMID patients showed higher levels of VIP and increased expression of VPAC2 compared to controls (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0192, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the levels of VIP or VPAC2 expression were adequate discriminators capable of identifying IMID. Treatment of IMID patients with anti-TNFα and anti-IL12/23 significantly affected serum VIP levels. We identified miRNA signatures associated with levels of serum VIP and VPAC2 expression, which correlated with IMID diagnosis of the patients. The results indicate that the expression of VIP/VPAC2 is able of identify IMIDs and open up a line of research based on the association between the VIP/VPAC axis and miRNA signatures in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Lamana
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - David Castro-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Triguero-Martínez
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-H.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcelino Revenga
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Raúl Villanueva-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Mar Llamas-Velasco
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (P.C.)
| | - Pablo Chicharro
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-V.); (P.C.)
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (R.M.-H.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Sales-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rosario García-Vicuña
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Eva Tomero
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Investigación Princesa Madrid, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (R.G.-V.); (E.T.); (I.G.-Á.)
| | - Carmen Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (R.P.G.); Tel.: +34-91-3944971 (R.P.G.)
| | - Rosa P. Gomariz
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Biología y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.); (D.C.-V.); (R.V.-R.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (R.P.G.); Tel.: +34-91-3944971 (R.P.G.)
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Venkataramanappa S, Saaber F, Abe P, Schütz D, Kumar PA, Stumm R. Cxcr4 and Ackr3 regulate allocation of caudal ganglionic eminence-derived interneurons to superficial cortical layers. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111157. [PMID: 35926459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the cerebral cortex depends on various types of interneurons (cortical interneurons [cINs]) and their appropriate allocation to the cortical layers. Caudal ganglionic eminence-derived cINs (cGE-cINs) are enriched in superficial layers. Developmental mechanisms directing cGE-cINs toward superficial layers remain poorly understood. We examine how developmental and final positioning of cGE-cINs are influenced by the Cxcl12, Cxcr4, Ackr3 module, the chief attractant system guiding medial ganglionic eminence-derived cINs (mGE-cINs). We find that Cxcl12 attracts cGE-cINs through Cxcr4 and supports their layer-specific positioning in the developing cortex. This requires the prevention of excessive Cxcr4 stimulation by Ackr3-mediated Cxcl12 sequestration. Postnatally, Ackr3 confines Cxcl12 action to the marginal zone. Unlike mGE-cINs, cGE-cINs continue to express Cxcr4 at early postnatal stages, which permits cGE-cINs to become positioned in the forming layer 1. Thus, chemoattraction by Cxcl12 guides cGE-cINs and holds them in superficial cortical layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Friederike Saaber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Abe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schütz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Praveen Ashok Kumar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Topcu Dİ, Bayraktar N. Searching for the urine osmolality surrogate: an automated machine learning approach. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1911-1920. [PMID: 35778953 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Automated machine learning (AutoML) tools can help clinical laboratory professionals to develop machine learning models. The objective of this study was to develop a novel formula for the estimation of urine osmolality using an AutoML tool and to determine the efficiency of AutoML tools in a clinical laboratory setting. METHODS Three hundred routine urinalysis samples were used for reference osmolality and urine clinical chemistry analysis. The H2O AutoML engine completed the machine learning development steps with minimum human intervention. Four feature groups were created, which include different urinalysis measurements according to the Boruta feature selection algorithm. Method comparison statistics including Spearman correlation, Passing-Bablok regression analysis were performed, and Bland Altman plots were created to compare model predictions with the reference method. The minimum allowable bias (24.17%) from biological variation data was used as the limit of agreement. RESULTS The AutoML engine developed a total of 183 ML models. Conductivity and specific gravity had the highest variable importance. Models that include conductivity, specific gravity, and other urinalysis parameters had the highest R2 (0.70-0.83), and 70-84% of results were within the limit of agreement. CONCLUSIONS Combining urinary conductivity with other urinalysis parameters using validated machine learning models can yield a promising surrogate. Additionally, AutoML tools facilitate the machine learning development cycle and should be considered for developing ML models in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz İlhan Topcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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42
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Serpa A, Bento M, Caulino-Rocha A, Pawlak S, Cunha-Reis D. Opposing reduced VPAC 1 and enhanced VPAC 2 VIP receptors in the hippocampus of the Li 2+-pilocarpine rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105383. [PMID: 35787395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
VIP binding sites are upregulated in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients, also suffering from severe cognitive deficits. Although altered VIP and VIP receptor levels were described in rodent models of epilepsy, the VIP receptor subtype(s) were never identified. We now investigated how VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor levels change in the Li2+-pilocarpine rat model of MTLE. Cognitive decline and altered synaptic plasticity as estimated from phosphorylation of AMPA GluA1 subunit on Ser831 and Ser845 and AMPA GluA1/GluA2 ratio was also probed. Animals showing spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) for at least 4 weeks showed impaired learning in the radial arm maze (RAM) and presented decreased VPAC1 and increased VPAC2 receptor levels. In addition, SRSs rats showed increased AMPA GluA1 phosphorylation in Ser831 and Ser845, marked decrease in GluA1 levels and a milder decrease in GluA2 levels. Consequently, the GluA1/GluA2 ratio was also decreased in SRSs rats. Altered VIP receptor levels may differentially prevent or contribute to MTLE pathology, since VPAC1 receptors promote the endogenous control of LTP, mediate endogenous VIP neuroprotection against altered synaptic plasticity following epileptiform activity, and mediate anti-inflammatory actions in microglia, while VPAC2 receptors mediate VIP endogenous neuroprotection against neonatal excitotoxicity and prevent reactive astrogliosis. This discovery imposes a different mindset for considering VIP receptors as therapeutic targets in MTLE, allowing a differential targeting of the cellular events contributing to epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Serpa
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integratives, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Bento
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integratives, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Caulino-Rocha
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integratives, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Seweryn Pawlak
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integratives, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Cunha-Reis
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; BioISI - Instituto de Biossistemas e Ciências Integratives, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Abstract
Animals with altered freerunning periods are valuable in understanding properties of the circadian clock. Understanding the relationship between endogenous clock properties, entrainment, and influence of light in terms of parametric and non-parametric models can help us better understand how different populations adapt to external light cycles. Many clinical populations often show significant changes in circadian properties that in turn cause sleep and circadian problems, possibly exacerbating their underlying clinical condition. BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice are a model commonly used for the study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Adults and adolescents with ASD frequently exhibit profound sleep and circadian disruptions, including increased latency to sleep, insomnia, advanced and delayed sleep phase disorders, and sleep fragmentation. Here, we investigated the circadian phenotype of BTBR mice in freerunning and light-entrained conditions and found that this strain of mice showed noticeably short freerunning periods (~22.75 h). In addition, when compared to C57BL/6J controls, BTBR mice also showed higher levels of activity even though this activity was compressed into a shorter active phase. Phase delays and phase advances to light were significantly larger in BTBR mice. Despite the short freerunning period, BTBR mice exhibited normal entrainment in light-dark cycles and accelerated entrainment to both advanced and delayed light cycles. Their ability to entrain to skeleton photoperiods of 1 min suggests that this entrainment cannot be attributed to masking. Period differences were also correlated with differences in the number of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide–expressing cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Overall, the BTBR model, with their unique freerunning and entrainment properties, makes an interesting model to understand the underlying circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhenkruthi Vijaya Shankara
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katelyn G Horsley
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ning Cheng
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jong M Rho
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael C Antle
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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di Fazio N, Delogu G, La Russa R, Fineschi B, Bertozzi G, Macrì PG, Frati P. Voluntary interruption of pregnancy ( VIP) in Italy: interpretation of the current situation according to the report 2019-2020 of the Italian Ministry of Health. Clin Ter 2022; 173:235-242. [PMID: 35612338 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2022.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP) in Italy is regulated by Law no. 194/1978. Its monitoring is carried out by the VIP Epidemio-logical Surveillance System, which periodically analyses the results of questionnaires compiled by the territorial healthcare structures and sent by each Region. The latest report, covering the years 2019 and 2020, highlights the adequacy of preventive and proactive strategies, an improvement in the quality and effectiveness of the service offered. Furthermore, considering the COVID-19 pandemic, the reorganization of the IVG application guidelines showed a considerable adaptation to the emergency context through measures such as the increase in pharmacological procedures compared to surgical procedures. The interpretation of the data shows that in Italy there is one of the lowest VIP rates in Europe, reflecting the effectiveness of campaigns that promote responsible procreation. Further implementations should be extended to the foreign population, which still shows a medium-high VIP rate. The efficiency of the service offered resulted to be high. The latter was assessed considering the waiting period required for the performance of the VIP procedure. Furthermore, the high percentage of conscientious objectors does not harm the healthcare service. The estimates show an adequate territorial coverage by the authorized structures compared to the female population of fertile age. In conclusion, the central action of planning, organization, and monitoring finds a valid ally in the territorial management entrusted to the Regions. The analyzed report reflects even more margins of efficiency and adequacy when considered within the particular historical context of the pandemic by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- N di Fazio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Delogu
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Hospitalization and Scientific Care (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - B Fineschi
- University of Siena, AGI medica, Siena, Italy
| | - G Bertozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - P G Macrì
- MeLCo - Contemporary Legal Medicine, Italy
| | - P Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Hospitaliza-tion and Scientific Care (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Tabikh M, Chahla C, Okdeh N, Kovacic H, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Parkinson disease: Protective role and function of neuropeptides. Peptides 2022; 151:170713. [PMID: 34929264 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are bioactive molecules, made up of small chains of amino acids, with many neuromodulatory properties. Several lines of evidence suggest that neuropeptides, mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), play an important role in the onset of Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathology. The wide spread disruption of neuropeptides has been excessively demonstrated to be related to the pathophysiological symptoms in PD where impairment in motor function per example was correlated with neuropeptides dysregulation in the substantia niagra (SN). Moreover, the levels of different neuropeptides have been found modified in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of PD patients, indicating their potential role in the manifestation of PD symptoms and dysfunctions. In this review, we outlined the neuroprotective effects of neuropeptides on dopaminergic neuronal loss, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in several models and tissues of PD. Our main focus was to elaborate the role of orexin, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), opioids, angiotensin, carnosine and many others in the protection and/or involvement in the neurodegeneration of striatal dopaminergic cells. Further studies are required to better assess the mode of action and cellular mechanisms of neuropeptides in order to shift the focus from the in vitro and in vivo testing to applicable clinical testing. This review, allows a support for future use of neuropeptides as therapeutic solution for PA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Tabikh
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, 1352, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Chahla
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, 1352, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Okdeh
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, 1352, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Herve Kovacic
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Aix-Marseille, Institut de Neuro-Physiopathologie, UMR 7051, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, 13344, Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Aix-Marseille, Institut de Neuro-Physiopathologie, UMR 7051, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, 13344, Marseille Cedex 15, France.
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, 1352, Tripoli, Lebanon; Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, 1300, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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46
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Caulino-Rocha A, Rodrigues NC, Ribeiro JA, Cunha-Reis D. Endogenous VIP VPAC 1 Receptor Activation Modulates Hippocampal Theta Burst Induced LTP: Transduction Pathways and GABAergic Mechanisms. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11050627. [PMID: 35625355 PMCID: PMC9138116 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Regulation of synaptic plasticity through control of disinhibition is an important process in the prevention of excessive plasticity in both physiological and pathological conditions. Interneuron-selective interneurons, such as the ones expressing VIP in the hippocampus, may play a crucial role in this process. In this paper we showed that endogenous activation of VPAC1—not VPAC2 receptors—exerts an inhibitory control of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in the hippocampus, through a mechanism dependent on GABAergic transmission. This suggests that VPAC1-mediated modulation of synaptic transmission at GABAergic synapses to interneurons will ultimately influence NMDA-dependent LTP expression by modulating inhibitory control of pyramidal cell dendrites and postsynaptic depolarization during LTP induction. Accordingly, the transduction pathways mostly involved in this effect were the ones involved in TBS-induced LTP expression like NMDA receptor activation and CaMKII activity. In addition, the actions of endogenous VIP through VPAC1 receptors may indirectly influence the control of dendritic excitability by Kv4.2 channels. Abstract Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), acting on both VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, is a key modulator of hippocampal synaptic transmission, pyramidal cell excitability and long-term depression (LTD), exerting its effects partly through modulation GABAergic disinhibitory circuits. Yet, the role of endogenous VIP and its receptors in modulation of hippocampal LTP and the involvement of disinhibition in this modulation have scarcely been investigated. We studied the modulation of CA1 LTP induced by TBS via endogenous VIP release in hippocampal slices from young-adult Wistar rats using selective VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor antagonists, evaluating its consequence for the phosphorylation of CamKII, GluA1 AMPA receptor subunits and Kv4.2 potassium channels in total hippocampal membranes obtained from TBS stimulated slices. Endogenous VIP, acting on VPAC1 (but not VPAC2) receptors, inhibited CA1 hippocampal LTP induced by TBS in young adult Wistar rats and this effect was dependent on GABAergic transmission and relied on the integrity of NMDA and CaMKII-dependent LTP expression mechanisms but not on PKA and PKC activity. Furthermore, it regulated the autophosphorylation of CaMKII and the expression and Ser438 phosphorylation of Kv4.2 potassium channels responsible for the A-current while inhibiting phosphorylation of Kv4.2 on Thr607. Altogether, this suggests that endogenous VIP controls the expression of hippocampal CA1 LTP by regulating disinhibition through activation of VPAC1 receptors in interneurons. This may impact the autophosphorylation of CaMKII during LTP, as well as the expression and phosphorylation of Kv4.2 K+ channels at hippocampal pyramidal cell dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caulino-Rocha
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nádia Carolina Rodrigues
- Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.C.R.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Joaquim Alexandre Ribeiro
- Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.C.R.); (J.A.R.)
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Cunha-Reis
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.C.R.); (J.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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47
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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Lo Cascio P, Capillo G, Lauriano ER. Localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and toll-like receptor 2 immunoreactive cells in endostyle of urochordate Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823). Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2651-2658. [PMID: 35394101 PMCID: PMC9324221 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endostyle is the first component of the ascidian digestive tract, it is shaped like a through and is located in the pharynx's ventral wall. This organ is divided longitudinally into nine zones that are parallel to each other. Each zone's cells are physically and functionally distinct. Support elements are found in zones 1, 3, and 5, while mucoproteins secreting elements related to the filtering function are found in zones 2, 4, and 6. Zones 7, 8, and 9, which are located in the lateral dorsal section of the endostyle, include cells with high iodine and peroxidase concentrations. Immunohistochemical technique using the following antibodies, Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR‐2) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and lectin histochemistry (WGA—wheat‐germagglutinin), were used in this investigation to define immune cells in the endostyle of Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823). Our results demonstrate the presence of immune cells in the endostyle of S. plicata, highlighting that innate immune mechanisms are highly conserved in the phylogeny of the chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IRBIM, CNR), Spianata S. Raineri, Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Temerozo JR, Sacramento CQ, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Pão CRR, de Freitas CS, Dias SSG, Ferreira AC, Mattos M, Soares VC, Teixeira L, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Hottz ED, Kurtz P, Bozza FA, Bozza PT, Souza TML, Bou-Habib DC. VIP plasma levels associate with survival in severe COVID-19 patients, correlating with protective effects in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1107-1121. [PMID: 35322471 PMCID: PMC9088587 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5cova1121-626r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 may elicit uncontrolled and damaging inflammatory responses. Thus, it is critical to identify compounds able to inhibit virus replication and thwart the inflammatory reaction. Here, we show that the plasma levels of the immunoregulatory neuropeptide VIP are elevated in patients with severe COVID‐19, correlating with reduced inflammatory mediators and with survival on those patients. In vitro, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), highly similar neuropeptides, decreased the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA content in human monocytes and viral production in lung epithelial cells, also reducing cell death. Both neuropeptides inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators in lung epithelial cells and in monocytes. VIP and PACAP prevented in monocytes the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced activation of NF‐kB and SREBP1 and SREBP2, transcriptions factors involved in proinflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism, respectively. They also promoted CREB activation, a transcription factor with antiapoptotic activity and negative regulator of NF‐kB. Specific inhibition of NF‐kB and SREBP1/2 reproduced the anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and cell death protection effects of VIP and PACAP. Our results support further clinical investigations of these neuropeptides against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo R Temerozo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q Sacramento
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila R R Pão
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline S de Freitas
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André C Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Program of Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lívia Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Kurtz
- Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Yang Y, Yun D, Dong B, Geng Y, Wan Y. VIP alleviates sepsis-induced cognitive dysfunction as the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway is inhibited in the hippocampus of rats. J Mol Histol 2022. [PMID: 35239068 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction caused by sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is still poorly understood. It is reported that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in multiple diseases, while its biological function in SAE remains unclear. We aimed to figure out whether VIP has influence on sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. To induce sepsis, rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation. Morris water maze test and fear conditioning test were conducted to reveal cognitive dysfunctions. TUNEL assay was performed to evaluate apoptosis. We found out that the expression of VIP was downregulated in the hippocampus of septic rats. VIP was verified to attenuate sepsis-induced memory impairment following CLP. Additionally, we examined apoptosis and inflammation in rats' hippocampus. It is worth noting that VIP inhibited the apoptosis in the hippocampus and reduced the productions of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Furthermore, our data confirmed that VIP was involved in regulating the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, VIP inhibited neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in hippocampus of septic rats through the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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50
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Gueniche Y, Coulomb A, Irtan S, Lemale J, Leverger G, Boudjemaa S. [Chronic aqueous diarrhea in children: An unusual etiology]. Ann Pathol 2022; 42:467-470. [PMID: 35144825 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuroblastic tumors are the most common extracranial solid tumors in children. On the other hand, diarrheal neuroblastic tumors are quite rare and not easy to diagnose in the early stage. We report a case of neuroblastic tumor in a 2-year old girl presenting with aqueous diarrhea caused by paraneoplasic secretion of VIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Gueniche
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Sorbonne Université, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Coulomb
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Sorbonne Université, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Irtan
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Sorbonne Université, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lemale
- Service de nutrition et gastro-entérologie pédiatrique, Sorbonne Université, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Guy Leverger
- Service d'oncologie et d'hématologie pédiatriques, Sorbonne Université, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Sabah Boudjemaa
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Sorbonne Université, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France.
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