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Andersen SL. Increasing CB2 Receptor Activity after Early Life Stress Prevents Depressive Behavior in Female Rats. Biomolecules 2024; 14:464. [PMID: 38672480 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early adversity, the loss of the inhibitory GABAergic interneuron parvalbumin, and elevated neuroinflammation are associated with depression. Individuals with a maltreatment history initiate medicinal cannabis use earlier in life than non-maltreated individuals, suggesting self-medication. Female rats underwent maternal separation (MS) between 2 and 20 days of age to model early adversity or served as colony controls. The prelimbic cortex and behavior were examined to determine whether MS alters the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), which has anti-inflammatory properties. A reduction in the CB2-associated regulatory enzyme MARCH7 leading to increased NLRP3 was observed with Western immunoblots in MS females. Immunohistochemistry with stereology quantified numbers of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells and CB2 at 25, 40, and 100 days of age, revealing that the CB2 receptor associated with PV neurons initially increases at P25 and subsequently decreases by P40 in MS animals, with no change in controls. Confocal and triple-label microscopy suggest colocalization of these CB2 receptors to microglia wrapped around the parvalbumin neuron. Depressive-like behavior in MS animals was elevated at P40 and reduced with the CB2 agonist HU-308 or a CB2-overexpressing lentivirus microinjected into the prelimbic cortex. These results suggest that increasing CB2 expression by P40 in the prelimbic cortex prevents depressive behavior in MS female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Andersen
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Yadav N, Pattabiraman B, Tummuru NR, Soundharajan B, Kasiviswanathan K, Adeloye AJ, Sen S, Maurya M, Vijayalakshmanan S. Toward improving water-energy-food nexus through dynamic energy management of solar powered automated irrigation system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25359. [PMID: 38370229 PMCID: PMC10867343 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on developing a water and energy-saving reliable irrigation system using state-of-the-art computing, communication, and optimal energy management framework. The framework integrates real-time soil moisture and weather forecasting information to decide the time of irrigation and quantity of water required for potato crops, which is made available to the users across a region through the cloud-based irrigation decision support system. This is accomplished through various modules such as data acquisition, soil moisture forecasting, smart irrigation scheduling, and energy management scheme. The main emphasizes is on the electrical segment which demonstrates an energy management scheme for PV-battery based grid-connected system to operate the irrigation system valves and water pump. The proposed scheme is verified through simulation and dSpace-based real-time experiment studies. Overall, the proposed energy management system demonstrates an improvement in the optimal onsite solar power generation and storage capacity to power the solar pump which save the electrical energy as well as the water in order to establish an improved solar-irrigation system. Finally, the proposed system achieved water and energy savings of around 9.24 % for potato crop with full irrigation enhancing the Water-Energy-Food Nexus at field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Yadav
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Balasundaram Pattabiraman
- Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Narsa Reddy Tummuru
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, India
| | - B.S. Soundharajan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - K.S. Kasiviswanathan
- Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Adebayo J. Adeloye
- The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Subhamoy Sen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Mukesh Maurya
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, India
| | - S. Vijayalakshmanan
- Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Li F, Shaw S, Libby C, Preciado N, Bicer B, Tamizhmani G. A review of toxicity assessment procedures of solar photovoltaic modules. Waste Manag 2024; 174:646-665. [PMID: 38159503 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Environmental management of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is attracting attention as a growing number of field-operated PV modules approach end of life (EoL). PV modules may contain small amounts of toxic metals, and the procedures for assessing and regulating the toxic metal content and release of such materials at EoL differ widely across nations. This paper provides an overview of the metal composition of PV modules and common procedures for toxicity assessment through extensive research and review of technical literature and legislative documents. This review focuses on three primary aspects: first, it explores the distribution of toxic elements within current and emerging PV module designs, with a specific focus on obtaining representative samples for proportional toxicity testing within different module laminate areas. Second, it examines a sampling standard and the diverse toxicity testing methods and regulations employed in various regions, encompassing standards like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Test Method 1311 (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP) in the U.S., Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) in Europe, and the Waste Extraction Test (WET) in California. Third, the review examines the sources of variability in toxicity testing outcomes, including techniques for securing homogeneous samples from non-uniform PV modules, selecting particle sizes representative of landfill conditions in extracted samples, determining appropriate leachate characteristics such as leaching agents and pH levels, and considering factors like test duration and temperatures. In summary, this review summarizes relevant regulations and offers a comprehensive overview of the strengths and limitations associated with several toxicity assessment procedures currently in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
| | | | | | - Nini Preciado
- Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Bulent Bicer
- Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
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Liongue C, Ward AC. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diseases Mediated by Chronic Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:313. [PMID: 38254802 PMCID: PMC10813624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic diseases characterized by the clonal expansion of single or multiple lineages of differentiated myeloid cells that accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. MPNs are grouped into distinct categories based on key clinical presentations and distinctive mutational hallmarks. These include chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which is strongly associated with the signature BCR::ABL1 gene translocation, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary (idiopathic) myelofibrosis (PMF), typically accompanied by molecular alterations in the JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes. There are also rarer forms such as chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), which involves mutations in the CSF3R gene. However, rather than focusing on the differences between these alternate disease categories, this review aims to present a unifying molecular etiology in which these overlapping diseases are best understood as disruptions of normal hematopoietic signaling: specifically, the chronic activation of signaling pathways, particularly involving signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, most notably STAT5B, leading to the sustained stimulation of myelopoiesis, which underpins the various disease sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
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Bhave RR, Mesa R, Grunwald MR. Top advances of the year: Myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cancer 2023; 129:3685-3691. [PMID: 37768996 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid pace of drug development in hematology has led to multiple approvals for myelofibrosis (MF) and polycythemia vera (PV) in recent years. Moreover, there are many innovative agents and combinations being explored for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). In the past year, there have been several advances in MF, PV, and essential thrombocythemia. In MF, investigational approaches are focusing on strategies to optimize inhibition of signal transduction (including JAK inhibition), modify epigenetics, enhance apoptosis, target DNA replication, transform host immunity, and/or alter the tumor microenvironment. In PV, ropeginterferon alfa-2b has been introduced to the market in the United States, and data continue to accumulate to support the safety and efficacy of this treatment. Hepcidin mimesis is also emerging as a novel way to treat erythrocytosis. In essential thrombocythemia, ropeginterferon alfa-2b is being evaluated, as are therapies to modify epigenetics and inhibit CALR. The enhanced focus on MPNs brings hope that our field can improve morbidity and mortality in this group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali R Bhave
- Section On Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruben Mesa
- Section On Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Grunwald
- Section On Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Ismail A, Abdalla E, Aqel A, Fadul A, Ahmed A, Alsayed A, Musa M, Yassin MA. The utility of testing erythropoietin level in polycythemia diagnosis. Hematology 2023; 28:2269510. [PMID: 37843428 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2269510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycythemia vera (PV) is classically thought to be associated with low erythropoietin (EPO) levels. Here, we present a review of the utility of using EPO levels in diagnosing polycythemia. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of the Medline data through Pubmed and Google Scholar. We included the articles which described confirmed PV associated with elevated EPO level. Our search strategy included the following terms in Pubmed (((polycythemia vera[MeSH Terms]) OR (jak2 protein tyrosine kinase[MeSH Terms])) OR (Myeloproliferative Disorders[MeSH Terms])) AND (Erythropoietin[MeSH Terms]), and 'polycythemia vera with erythropoietin' in Google Scholar. RESULTS Our research yielded four cases of PV with elevated EPO levels. The most common symptom was a headache. Thrombotic phenomena happened in a single case in the form of Budd-Chiari syndrome. The mean Hb level was 20.2 gm/dl, and the EPO level was 213 mlU/mL. DISCUSSION Although PV is usually associated with low EPO levels, high levels do not exclude this diagnosis. Workup should include testing for JAK2 mutation and bone marrow biopsy in the presence of suggestive signs and symptoms. Novel biomarkers are also being proposed to aid in the diagnosis. CONCLUSION Although elevated EPO levels suggest secondary causes of polycythemia, cases where elevated EPO levels were associated with an underlying PV are reported in the literature, and we have summarized a review of them. Workup for polycythemia should include JAK2 mutation testing if signs and symptoms suggest PV even if EPO is elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ali Aqel
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdalla Fadul
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashraf Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Alsayed
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzamil Musa
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Department of Medical Oncology /Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Shore AN, Qunies AM, Spitznagel BD, Weaver CD, Emmitte KA, Frankel WN, Weston MC. Heterozygous expression of a Kcnt1 gain-of-function variant has differential effects on SST- and PV-expressing cortical GABAergic neurons. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.11.561953. [PMID: 37873369 PMCID: PMC10592778 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
More than twenty recurrent missense gain-of-function (GOF) mutations have been identified in the sodium-activated potassium (KNa) channel gene KCNT1 in patients with severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), most of which are resistant to current therapies. Defining the neuron types most vulnerable to KCNT1 GOF will advance our understanding of disease mechanisms and provide refined targets for precision therapy efforts. Here, we assessed the effects of heterozygous expression of a Kcnt1 GOF variant (Y777H) on KNa currents and neuronal physiology among cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in mice, including those expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SST), and parvalbumin (PV), to identify and model the pathogenic mechanisms of autosomal dominant KCNT1 GOF variants in DEEs. Although the Kcnt1-Y777H variant had no effects on glutamatergic or VIP neuron function, it increased subthreshold KNa currents in both SST and PV neurons but with opposite effects on neuronal output; SST neurons became hypoexcitable with a higher rheobase current and lower action potential (AP) firing frequency, whereas PV neurons became hyperexcitable with a lower rheobase current and higher AP firing frequency. Further neurophysiological and computational modeling experiments showed that the differential effects of the Y777H variant on SST and PV neurons are not likely due to inherent differences in these neuron types, but to an increased persistent sodium current in PV, but not SST, neurons. The Y777H variant also increased excitatory input onto, and chemical and electrical synaptic connectivity between, SST neurons. Together, these data suggest differential pathogenic mechanisms, both direct and compensatory, contribute to disease phenotypes, and provide a salient example of how a pathogenic ion channel variant can cause opposite functional effects in closely related neuron subtypes due to interactions with other ionic conductances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N. Shore
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alshaima’a M. Qunies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Brittany D. Spitznagel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Wayne N. Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew C. Weston
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Kumar N, Karmakar S, Kumar D, Kumar A, Bishnoi P. Energy, economics and environmental (3E's) analysis of a solar-assisted HRES through demand side management. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29329-4. [PMID: 37606778 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The limitation of renewable energy is its fluctuation with time, season, and peak load demand. Hence, most of the research was carried using demand side management to reduce the actual consumption load to lower the peak load. This will also hamper the basic energy need of the facility. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to model a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to attain the specific consumption of a community health centre (CHC) in Yomcha, Arunachal Pradesh, with load shedding. The optimization of HRES is performed on HOMER® Pro software along with the demand side management algorithm and a maximum annual capacity shortage of 5%. Three different cases were compared based on feasibility, economics, and environmental basis to estimate the performance of the HRES. The results show that the proposed model is appropriate for the CHC over the previously proposed system. Moreover, HRES with (design-side management) DSM will reduce the overall cost and increase efficiency and reliability with an net present value of Rs. 3013482 and a cost of energy of Rs. 5.42/kW, renewable fraction 78%, internal rate of return 70%, return of investment 66%, and payback period of 1.4 years. Moreover, it reduces emissions, controls overloading during peak hours, and decreases load shifting. The study also supports the sustainable development goal (SDG)-7 set by the United Nation SDG Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Sujit Karmakar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
- Centre for Augmented Intelligence and Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641202, India.
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Harrison A, Alombah NH, de Dieu Nguimfack Ndongmo J. Solar irradiance estimation and optimum power region localization in PV energy systems under partial shaded condition. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18434. [PMID: 37520983 PMCID: PMC10382300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient operation of PV systems relies heavily on maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Additionally, such systems demonstrate complex behavior under partial shading conditions (PSC), with the presence of multiple maximum power points (MPP). Among the existing MPPT algorithms, the conventional perturb and observe, and incremental conductance stand out for their high simplicity. However, they are specialized in single MPP problems. Thus, due to the existence of multiple MPPs under PSC, they fail to track the global MPP. Compared with the conventional schemes, the modified conventional algorithms, and several existing MPPT variants introduce a trade-off between complexity and performance. To enhance the simplicity of the PV system, it is crucial to adapt the operation of the simple conventional algorithm to scenarios under PSC. To achieve such an adaptation, the power-voltage curve that conventionally admits multiple MPPs under PSC must be converted to an equivalent curve having only a single MPP. To address such a requirement, this paper introduces a novel approach to the fast determination of the MPP. A consistent methodology for reducing the complex multiple MPP problem of PV systems under PSC, to a single MPP objective, is put forward. Thus such reduction enhances the tracking environment for simple conventional MPPT algorithms under partial shading. Studies of the PV array behavior for 735 partial shading patterns revealed an interesting possibility of reducing the classical PV curve to 8.2620% of its actual area. The newly established area is an optimum power region that accommodates a single MPP. To arrive at such a reduction, an intelligent neural network-based predictor, incorporating a cost-effective and reliable solar irradiance estimator is put forward. Unlike existing methods, the approach is free from the direct and expensive measurement of solar irradiance. The predictor relies on the PV array current and voltage only to precisely determine the optimum power region of the PV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambe Harrison
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Technology (COT), University of Buea, P.O.Box Buea 63, Cameroon
| | - Njimboh Henry Alombah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Jean de Dieu Nguimfack Ndongmo
- Department of Electrical and Power Engineering, Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC), University of Bamenda P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon
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Szalak R, Matysek M, Mozel S, Arciszewski MB. Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) Peptide Is Co-Expressed with Parvalbumin, Neuropeptide Y and Somatostatin in the Claustrum of the Chinchilla. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2177. [PMID: 37443975 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although for many years, researchers have been working on understanding the function of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide at the central- and peripheral-nervous-system level, data describing the presence of CART in the claustrum are still missing. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the CART expression in the claustrum neurons in chinchillas as well as the CART co-localization with somatostatin (SOM), parvalbumin (PV), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) using double-immunohistochemical staining. The claustrum is divided into two main parts: the dorsal segment (CL), which is located above the rhinal fissure, and the ventral segment (EN), located below the rhinal fissure. The presence of HU C/D-IR CART-IR-positive neurons was detected in both the insular claustrum (CL) and the endopiriform nucleus (EN). The vast majority of CART-IR neurons were predominantly small and medium in size and were evenly scattered throughout the claustrum. CART co-localization with selected neurotransmitters/neuromodulators (SOM, NPY, and PV) showed the presence of a CART-IR reaction only in the neurons, while the nerve fibers were, in all cases, devoid of the CART-IR response. Our research supplements missing knowledge about the distribution and co-localization pattern of CART with SOM, NPY, and PV in the chinchilla claustrum, and also provides a better understanding of the similarities and differences compared to other species of rodents and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Szalak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Matysek
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mozel
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin B Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan A, Amouzegar A, Abolhasani M, Dehghani A, Goodarzi A, Rahimi ST. Pemphigus vulgaris and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): First reported case and a review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7716. [PMID: 37476592 PMCID: PMC10354356 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message There may be a connection between pemphigus vulgaris and nephrotic syndrome, as evidenced by the occurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in our pemphigus vulgaris patient and reviewing relevant literature. Therefore, if a patient with pemphigus vulgaris presents with bilateral lower extremity edema or proteinuria detected during urinalysis, it could indicate involvement of the kidneys. Abstract Pemphigus vulgaris is a type of autoimmune blistering disease characterized by the presence of IgG autoantibodies against desmogleins 3 and 1. It is important to evaluate potential autoimmune associations in patients with pemphigus vulgaris so that appropriate laboratory and physical examinations can be performed to monitor for any increased risk of other autoimmune disorders. This case report describes a 55-year-old woman who presented with oral and axillary erosions, which were diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris based on skin histopathology and immunofluorescence. During follow-up, the patient was found to have proteinuria, which led to referral to a nephrologist. The patient was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and minimal change disease after a biopsy. Despite treatment, the patient's proteinuria persisted and serum creatinine levels increased, leading to a second biopsy which confirmed the diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. This study reports on the first case of pemphigus vulgaris with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and reviews the literature on the co-occurrence of acquired immunobullous diseases and nephrotic syndrome of any kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Atefeh Amouzegar
- Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center, School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
- Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Abbas Dehghani
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Seyyedeh Tahereh Rahimi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
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12
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A L, J DN, A G, Ganesh V, Sathik MJ, K V, D R. Smart energy monitoring and power quality performance based evaluation of 100-kW grid tied PV system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17274. [PMID: 37360095 PMCID: PMC10285255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the demand for energy from renewable sources is growing due to the increasing electricity consumption and the pollution of fossil fuels. The government has framed various policies to facilitate green energy generation, encouraging renewable energy source usage through PV installations in multiple sectors, including educational institutions. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a methodological approach for analysing the performance of the installed PV system on the rooftop of a university building in Tamil Nadu, India. The site selected is favourable for electricity generation from PV systems with an average global solar radiation of 5.82 kWh/m2day. Solar energy changes periodically with annual and daily variations and is not steady due to seasonal changes. The step-by-step performance assessment and the annual performance of the 100-kW solar PV system, which was instituted in 2019, with the forecasted parameters, are presented in this paper. Therefore, the assessment analysis is carried out in four phases: feasibility assessment, Energy yield assessment, Life cycle assessment, and Power quality assessment. To improve the solar PV output and efficiency, considering the solar irradiation, temperature, wind velocity, etc., PV yield is measured to evaluate the PV system's energy metrics. This paper also considers the carbon credits earned, solar power generated in the location, and the payback period. The power quality assessment is carried out in this paper to test the PV plant's compliance with effective grid integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya A
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Divya Navamani J
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Geetha A
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Viswanathan Ganesh
- Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Vijayakumar K
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Ravichandran D
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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13
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Wang T, Yan R, Zhang X, Wang Z, Duan H, Wang Z, Zhou Q. Paraventricular Thalamus Dynamically Modulates Aversive Memory via Tuning Prefrontal Inhibitory Circuitry. J Neurosci 2023; 43:3630-3646. [PMID: 37068932 PMCID: PMC10198459 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1028-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of stress on the formation and expression of memory is well studied, especially on the contributions of stress hormones. But how stress affects brain circuitry dynamically to modulate memory is far less understood. Here, we used male C57BL6/J mice in an auditory fear conditioning as a model system to examine this question and focused on the impact of stress on dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) neurons which play an important role in probabilistic fear memory. We found that paraventricular thalamus (PVT) neurons are robustly activated by acute restraining stress. Elevated PVT activity during probabilistic fear memory expression increases spiking in the dmPFC somatostatin neurons which in turn suppresses spiking of dmPFC parvalbumin (PV) neurons, and reverts the usual low fear responses associated with probabilistic fear memory to high fear. This dynamic and reversible modulation allows the original memory to be preserved and modulated during memory expression. In contrast, elevated PVT activity during fear conditioning impairs synaptic modifications in the dmPFC PV-neurons and abolishes the formation of probabilistic fear memory. Thus, PVT functions as a stress sensor to modulate the formation and expression of aversive memory by tuning inhibitory functions in the prefrontal circuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The impact of stress on cognitive functions, such as memory and executive functions, are well documented especially on the impact by stress hormone. However, the contributions of brain circuitry are far less understood. Here, we show that a circuitry-based mechanism can dynamically modulate memory formation and expression, namely, higher stress-induced activity in paraventricular thalamus (PVT) impairs the formation and expression of probabilistic fear memory by elevating the activity of somatostatin-neurons to suppress spiking in dorsomedial prefrontal parvalbumin (PV) neurons. This stress impact on memory via dynamic tuning of prefrontal inhibition preserves the formed memory but enables a dynamic expression of memory. These findings have implications for better stress coping strategies as well as treatment options including better drug targets/mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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14
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Schneider M, Tzanou A, Uran C, Vinck M. Cell-type-specific propagation of visual flicker. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112492. [PMID: 37195864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic flicker stimulation has gained interest as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases and as a method for frequency tagging neural activity. Yet, little is known about the way in which flicker-induced synchronization propagates across cortical levels and impacts different cell types. Here, we use Neuropixels to record from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the primary visual cortex (V1), and CA1 in mice while presenting visual flicker stimuli. LGN neurons show strong phase locking up to 40 Hz, whereas phase locking is substantially weaker in V1 and is absent in CA1. Laminar analyses reveal an attenuation of phase locking at 40 Hz for each processing stage. Gamma-rhythmic flicker predominantly entrains fast-spiking interneurons. Optotagging experiments show that these neurons correspond to either parvalbumin (PV+) or narrow-waveform somatostatin (Sst+) neurons. A computational model can explain the observed differences based on the neurons' capacitative low-pass filtering properties. In summary, the propagation of synchronized activity and its effect on distinct cell types strongly depend on its frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schneider
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Athanasia Tzanou
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cem Uran
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Ferguson B, Glick C, Huguenard JR. Prefrontal PV interneurons facilitate attention and are linked to attentional dysfunction in a mouse model of absence epilepsy. eLife 2023; 12:e78349. [PMID: 37014118 PMCID: PMC10072875 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Absence seizures are characterized by brief periods of unconsciousness accompanied by lapses in motor function that can occur hundreds of times throughout the day. Outside of these frequent moments of unconsciousness, approximately a third of people living with the disorder experience treatment-resistant attention impairments. Convergent evidence suggests prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction may underlie attention impairments in affected patients. To examine this, we use a combination of slice physiology, fiber photometry, electrocorticography (ECoG), optogenetics, and behavior in the Scn8a+/-mouse model of absence epilepsy. Attention function was measured using a novel visual attention task where a light cue that varied in duration predicted the location of a food reward. In Scn8a+/-mice, we find altered parvalbumin interneuron (PVIN) output in the medial PFC (mPFC) in vitro and PVIN hypoactivity along with reductions in gamma power during cue presentation in vivo. This was associated with poorer attention performance in Scn8a+/-mice that could be rescued by gamma-frequency optogenetic stimulation of PVINs. This highlights cue-related PVIN activity as an important mechanism for attention and suggests PVINs may represent a therapeutic target for cognitive comorbidities in absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle Ferguson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Neurobiology and Department of Neurology, Boston Children's HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Cameron Glick
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - John R Huguenard
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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16
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Kolsi L, Selimefendigil F, Gasmi H, Alshammari BM. Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis for Cooling of a Conductive Panel by Combined Utilization of Nanoimpinging Jets and Double Rotating Cylinders. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13030500. [PMID: 36770461 PMCID: PMC9920002 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, double rotating active cylinders and slot nanojet impingement are considered for the cooling system of a conductive panel. Colder surface temperatures of the cylinders are used, while different rotational speeds are assigned for each of the cylinders. The impacts of cylinder rotational speeds, size and distance between them on the cooling performance are evaluated. The rotational effects and size of the cylinders are found to be very effective on the overall thermal performance. At the highest rotational speeds of the cylinders, the average Nusselt number (Nu) rises by about 30.8%, while the panel temperature drops by about 5.84 °C. When increasing the cylinder sizes, temperature drops become 7 °C, while they are only 1.75 °C when varying the distance between the cylinders. Subcooling and nanofluid utilization contributes positively to the cooling performance, while 1.25 °C and 10 °C temperature drops are found by varying the subcooled temperature and solid volume fraction. An artificial neural network is used for the estimation of maximum and average panel temperatures when double cylinder parameters are used as the input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioua Kolsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatih Selimefendigil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hatem Gasmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie Géotechnique, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Badr M. Alshammari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il City 81451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Wu S, Luo P, Rouzi T, Yu Y, Xiong B, Wang Y, Zuo X. The Combination of JAK2V617F Allele Burden and WT1 Expression can Be Helpful in Distinguishing the Subtype of MPN Patients. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231163648. [PMID: 36895113 PMCID: PMC10009047 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231163648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Classical Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) includes Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). The JAK2V617F mutation is part of the major criteria for diagnosis of MPN. WT1 is reported to be highly overexpressed in most hematological malignancy. Our aim was to explore the combination value of JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression in distinguishing the subtype of MPN patients. METHODS Allele specific real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (AS-qPCR) was conducted to detect JAK2V617F allele burden. WT1 expression was assessed by RQ-PCR. Our study is a retrospective study. RESULTS JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression were different in MPN subgroups. The expression of WT1 in PMF and PV is higher than in ET. JAK2V617F allele burden in PMF and PV is also higher than in ET. ROC analysis indicated that combination of JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression to discriminate ET and PV, ET and PMF, PV and PMF is 0.956, 0.871, 0.737 respectively. Furthermore, their ability to distinguish ET patients with high Hb levels from PV patients with high platelet counts is 0.891. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that combination of JAK2V617F allele burden and WT1 expression is useful in distinguishing the subtype of MPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyun Wu
- Department of Hematology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Hematology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuerxunayi Rouzi
- Department of Hematology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalan Yu
- Department of Hematology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Xiong
- Department of Hematology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, 12550Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Engel E, Engel N. A Review on Machine Learning Applications for Solar Plants. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9060. [PMID: 36501762 PMCID: PMC9738664 DOI: 10.3390/s22239060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A solar plant system has complex nonlinear dynamics with uncertainties due to variations in system parameters and insolation. Thereby, it is difficult to approximate these complex dynamics with conventional algorithms whereas Machine Learning (ML) methods yield the essential performance required. ML models are key units in recent sensor systems for solar plant design, forecasting, maintenance, and control to provide the best safety, reliability, robustness, and performance as compared to classical methods which are usually employed in the hardware and software of solar plants. Considering this, the goal of our paper is to explore and analyze ML technologies and their advantages and shortcomings as compared to classical methods for the design, forecasting, maintenance, and control of solar plants. In contrast with other review articles, our research briefly summarizes our intelligent, self-adaptive models for sizing, forecasting, maintenance, and control of a solar plant; sets benchmarks for performance comparison of the reviewed ML models for a solar plant's system; proposes a simple but effective integration scheme of an ML sensor solar plant system's implementation and outlines its future digital transformation into a smart solar plant based on the integrated cutting-edge technologies; and estimates the impact of ML technologies based on the proposed scheme on a solar plant value chain.
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19
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Jones E, Dillon B, Swan D, Thachil J. Practical management of the haemorrhagic complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:313-321. [PMID: 35724983 PMCID: PMC9796684 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms can be associated with bleeding manifestations which can cause significant morbidities. Although haematologists are aware of the likelihood of this complication in the setting of myeloproliferative neoplasms, it may often be overlooked especially in patients with no extreme elevation of blood counts and those with myelofibrosis. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome and platelet dysfunction are the two common diagnoses to be considered in this regard. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms for the development of these rare bleeding disorders, their diagnosis and practical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Jones
- Department of HaematologySt James' HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Bryan Dillon
- Department of HaematologySt James' HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Dawn Swan
- National University IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Jecko Thachil
- Department of HaematologyManchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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20
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Associate RMMS, Din GKSE, Younis AKK. MPN-221 Management Parameters of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) With JAKV617F Mutation During Conception Optimizing the Outcome. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2022; 22 Suppl 2:S330-S331. [PMID: 36163995 DOI: 10.1016/s2152-2650(22)01446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocytopenia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF) are heterogeneous groups of clonal hematopoietic cells the major subgroups within MPNs. MPNs can be critical, mainly due to the risk of thrombosis. ET is mainly concerned with increased risk of thrombosis with preserved quality of life, PV affecting both morbidity and also life expectancy; elevated total leucocytic count enhances the TTT with Interferon Alpha due to cytogenetic remission in case of JAKV617F and so pregnancy with MPNs has been reported to be associated with maternal thrombosis, hemorrhage, and placental dysfunction, leading to fetal growth restriction or loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was held at Ain Shams University (outpatient clinic) and the prenatal care of El Sheik Zayed Al Nahian (MOH). 25 patients aged (18-55) were included 14 patients with ET (56%), 8 patients with PV (32%), 3 patients with MF 12%; those with MF didn't meet the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Recorded total 118 pregnancies with live birth represented 70% in ET and 62% in PV, 56% spontaneous losses occurred in the first trimester, 24% in the second trimester, and 11% in the third trimester. The aspirin dose was described in all patients with ET and PV with dose 75 mg and was correlated with the pregnancy outcome to show a significant correlation with P>0.5. Low molecular weight (LMWT) heparin was added as a second line in 64% of patients with a significant correlation with pregnancy outcome as regard live birth, P>0.5. Interferon was added in the second trimester in two patients with PV with no impact on the outcome of live birth. Patients with PV continue on aspirin and LMWT heparin (Clexan) postpartum till the end of the puerperium in 4 patients with PV. Incidence of bleeding or thrombosis in patients treated with LMWH vs Aspirin only in the postpartum period showed no significant difference. Preeclampsia was reported in 2 patients 8% and ended in a live birth. CONCLUSIONS To improve outcomes and reduce complications, several strategies have been attempted, including aspirin, heparin, and cytoreductions with interferon.
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21
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Sasidharan UK, Bandaru R. Thermal management of photovoltaic panel with nano-enhanced phase change material at different inclinations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:34759-34775. [PMID: 35040060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) panel, coupled with phase change material (PCM), has attracted broad attention for the panel's thermal management. Despite the higher energy storage capability of PCMs, the main disadvantage is their low thermal conductivity which is compensated to an extent with the nano-enhanced PCMs (NEPCMs). In this study, numerical simulations are carried out to compare the heat transfer phenomena and thermal response of PV-NEPCM with simple PV-PCM for various tilt angles. CuO nanoparticles with mass concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5% are selected for NEPCM. The thermal performance of PV-NEPCM at inclinations of 0°, 15°, 30° and 45 [Formula: see text] is compared with a simple PV-PCM system to know the effect of mass concentration of nanoparticles and inclination. The average temperature of PV, liquid fraction and thermal energy stored in PCM, the pattern of isotherms and streamlines and performance of PV are compared for PV-PCM and PV-NEPCM systems. Results show that the loading of nanoparticles increases the heat transfer rate to PCM in all the configurations. It has also been shown that at lower inclinations, the use of NEPCM is more effective due to the presence of conduction heat transfer. At higher tilt angles, heat transfer from the PV module takes place by natural convection. By using NEPCM, the maximum decrease in PV temperature of 1.26 [Formula: see text] and maximum improvement in the liquid fraction of 8.25% are achieved when [Formula: see text] with 5% mass concentration of nanoparticles compared to simple PCM. Enhancement of thermal energy stored in PCM increases upon adding nanoparticles, and the highest improvement is obtained for [Formula: see text] Maximum enhancement of efficiency of PV module is found to be 1.75% for [Formula: see text] inclination on adding nanoparticles of 5% mass concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rohinikumar Bandaru
- CFD Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, 673601, Kerala, India.
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22
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Hamdan M, Abdelhafez E. The impact of optical liquid filters on PV panel performance. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:23988-23993. [PMID: 34817817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to investigate the effect of utilizing selective liquids as absorption filters to prevent PV module overheating by blocking the undesirable part of the spectrum (long wavelength) while allowing the beneficial part of the spectrum (visible light and near infrared) to pass through. The fluids were evaluated on two different panels, and their results were compared to those of a control panel. In this work, two liquids were used and tested: copper sulfate solution (CuSO4·5H2O) and distilled water as absorption filter; each was arranged in such a way that it flows evenly over the surface of a PV module through a cavity mounted on the top side of the PV module. In addition, a standard PV panel was employed as a comparison. The average power produced by the PV when pure was used as an optical filter is 31.3%, while it was 11.3% when copper sulfate solution was used compared with base unit. Furthermore, the cooling effect of pure water on the PV was more efficient than that of copper sulfate solution, with an average PV temperature drop of 15% compared with 7.5% when copper sulfate is used compared with the base unit panel's performance improved by an average of 31.3% when distilled water was used as the absorption filter, compared to the reference panel's performance, while the copper sulfate solution improved the panel's performance by an average of 11.3% compared to the reference panel's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hamdan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Eman Abdelhafez
- Department of Alternative Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
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23
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Pombo DV, Bindner HW, Spataru SV, Sørensen PE, Bacher P. Increasing the Accuracy of Hourly Multi-Output Solar Power Forecast with Physics-Informed Machine Learning. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22030749. [PMID: 35161500 PMCID: PMC8839153 DOI: 10.3390/s22030749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Machine Learning (ML)-based methods have been identified as capable of providing up to one day ahead Photovoltaic (PV) power forecasts. In this research, we introduce a generic physical model of a PV system into ML predictors to forecast from one to three days ahead. The only requirement is a basic dataset including power, wind speed and air temperature measurements. Then, these are recombined into physics informed metrics able to capture the operational point of the PV. In this way, the models learn about the physical relationships of the different features, effectively easing training. In order to generalise the results, we also present a methodology evaluating this physics informed approach. We present a study-case of a PV system in Denmark to validate our claims by extensively evaluating five different ML methods: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and a hybrid CNN-LSTM. The results show consistently how the best predictors use the proposed physics-informed features disregarding the particular ML-method, and forecasting horizon. However, also, how there is a threshold regarding the number of previous samples to be included that appears as a convex function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vázquez Pombo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Research and Development, Vattenfall AB, 169 56 Solna, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Henrik W. Bindner
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Sergiu Viorel Spataru
- Photovoltaic Materials and Systems, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Poul Ejnar Sørensen
- Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Peder Bacher
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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Chen H, He T, Li M, Wang C, Guo C, Wang W, Yu B, Huang J, Cui L, Guo P, Yuan Y, Tan T. Cell-type-specific synaptic modulation of mAChR on SST and PV interneurons. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1070478. [PMID: 36713928 PMCID: PMC9877455 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist, scopolamine, has been shown to have a rapid antidepressant effect. And it is believed that GABAergic interneurons play a crucial role in this action. Therefore, characterizing the modulation effects of mAChR on GABAergic interneurons is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying scopolamine's antidepressant effects. In this study, we examined the effect of mAChR activation on the excitatory synaptic transmissions in two major subtypes of GABAergic interneurons, somatostatin (SST)- and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons, in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We found that muscarine, a mAChR agonist, non-specifically facilitated the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in both SST and PV interneurons. Scopolamine completely blocked the effects of muscarine, as demonstrated by recovery of sESPCs and mEPSCs in these two types of interneurons. Additionally, individual application of scopolamine did not affect the EPSCs of these interneurons. In inhibitory transmission, we further observed that muscarine suppressed the frequency of both spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs) in SST interneurons, but not PV interneurons. Interestingly, scopolamine directly enhanced the frequency of both sIPSCs and mIPSCs mainly in SST interneurons, but not PV interneurons. Overall, our results indicate that mAChR modulates excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission to SST and PV interneurons within the ACC in a cell-type-specific manner, which may contribute to its role in the antidepressant effects of scopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Chen
- Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting He
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of the Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Baocong Yu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Crodel CC, Jentsch-Ullrich K, Reiser M, Jacobasch L, Sauer A, Tesch H, Ulshöfer T, Wunschel R, Palandri F, Heidel FH. Cytoreductive treatment in real life: a chart review analysis on 1440 patients with polycythemia vera. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:2693-2705. [PMID: 34807311 PMCID: PMC8607972 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Patients with polycythemia vera (PV) show an elevated incidence of thromboembolic complications and decreased survival when compared to age-matched healthy individuals. Hypercellularity as indicated by elevated hematocrit, pathophysiological changes induced by the JAK2 driver mutation and cardiovascular risk factors contribute to the increased incidence of thromboembolic events. Higher age and a history of thromboembolic events define a high-risk population of PV patients. Depending on the individual risk profile, phlebotomy or pharmacologic cytoreduction is recommended in combination with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid. Stringent cytoreduction is required for effective risk reduction. However, in recent reports, the rate of thromboembolic complications in PV patients under cytoreductive therapy appears still elevated compared to healthy individuals. This study reports on a chart review to assess for cytoreductive therapy of 1440 PV patients in real life. Methods Forty-two eligible hematologists/oncologists in private practice treating patients with MPN were recruited to participate in a paper–pencil-based survey conducted between January 2019 and March 2020 in Germany. Physicians were asked to report primary documented data obtained from patient charts. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess for patient characteristics, treatment modalities, risk factors and thromboembolic complications. Results Data were collected from the patient charts of 1440 individuals diagnosed with PV. The patient population was older than those reported in multicenter trials with a median age of 72.2 years at the time of reporting and 63.5 years at diagnosis. Age was the main factor accounting for high-risk status with 84.7% of patients being above the age of 60 followed by thromboembolic complications reported in 21.3% of patients. The use of pharmacologic cytoreduction was highly variable between participating centers with an average of 60.7% and a range of 10.1–100%. Hydroxyurea was the most frequently used drug followed by ruxolitinib, while interferons were reported for a minority of patients. For 35.4% of patients a persistent need for phlebotomy in addition to cytoreductive treatment was reported. Although presence of high-risk criteria and insufficient disease control were reported as main triggers to initiate pharmacologic cytoreduction, 28.1% had elevated hematocrit values (> 45%) and 38.6% showed persistence of elevated leukocyte count (> 109/l) while on cytoreductive treatment. In contrast, physician-reported symptom burden was lower than published in clinical trials and patient-reported outcomes. The rate of patients experiencing thromboembolic complications was 32.2% at any time and 14.3% after diagnosis with most patients receiving acetylsalicylic acid and 10.8% remaining on oral anticoagulants or heparin. Conclusions Cytoreductive treatment of high-risk PV in real life is highly variable regarding indication for cytoreduction and definition of therapy resistance. This study highlights the need for (i) improved risk stratification for thromboembolic events, (ii) consequent indication of pharmacologic cytoreduction in high-risk PV and (iii) attention to signs of therapy resistance that can trigger an earlier and stringent switch to second line agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl C Crodel
- Innere Medizin 2, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Lutz Jacobasch
- Gemeinschaftspraxis Hämatologie und Onkologie, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Sauer
- MVZ für Blut-und Krebserkrankungen, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Centrum für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Francesca Palandri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medizin 2, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.
- Innere Medizin C, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstrasse, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Alhashim A, Hadhiah K, Itani SA, Alshurem M, Alabdali M, Aljaafari D, AlQarni M. Management of Free-Floating Thrombus in the Vertebral Artery in a Middle-Aged Smoker with Secondary Polycythemia Vera. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:663-668. [PMID: 34588824 PMCID: PMC8473712 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s325133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-floating thrombus (FFT) of the cervicocranial arteries is a rare neurovascular condition. Up to now, there is no standardized definition for FFT. Therefore, FFT is occasionally mistaken for intraluminal thrombus (ILT) or smooth mural thrombus. The most precise and ideal definition of FFT would be a long-extended intraarterial thrombus that is attached to the arterial wall with its one end, while its other end is surrounded by blood flow and moves freely with the cardiac cycle. FFT usually manifests as an ischemic stroke, thus it is considered as an emergency case. Herein, we report a rare case of symptomatic FFT in the left vertebral artery extending from V0 to V2 segments in a middle-aged smoker, who presented with multiple embolic strokes in different territories of posterior circulation and was successfully treated medically. This case sheds light on the challenges of the clinical approach of FFT in the vertebral artery and it is an attempt to draw attention to the necessity of conducting a large-scale study to find out the ideal approach to manage such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alhashim
- Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawther Hadhiah
- Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Itani
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshurem
- Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alabdali
- Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danah Aljaafari
- Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa AlQarni
- Neurology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
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Prasad AR, Shankar R, Patil CK, Karthick A, Kumar A, Rahim R. Performance enhancement of solar photovoltaic system for roof top garden. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:50017-50027. [PMID: 33948837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photovoltaic (PV) for irrigation system is an emerging technology to harness the solar energy. The performance of the PV modules depends on the incident solar radiation, geographical location, and the surface temperature of the modules. The performance of the PV system needs to be monitored by manually or embedded controllers. The commercially available technologies for monitoring the system are costlier and need to be optimized. The Arduino controller is used to monitor the performance of the photovoltaic (PV) system in Coimbatore (11.016° N, 76.9558° E), Tamilnadu, India. The PV surface temperature is monitored and controlled by flowing the water above the module by setting the mean ambient temperature as a reference temperature 34 °C when the system exceeds the reference temperature. PV surface temperature is reduced up to 16°C thus improved the electrical efficiency by 17% compare to the reference module. The Arduino controller control the relay to switch on the motor to control the mass flow rate of the water at 0.0028kg/s. The various parameters are measured such as voltage, current, and solar radiation of the location and analyzed. The estimated cost of monitoring system and various sensor is 10$ which cost comparatively 50% lower than the other PV monitoring controllers. This method can be employed in the medium and large-scale irrigation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arani Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600044, India
| | - Ramalingam Shankar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, 500097, India
| | - Chandrashekhar K Patil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brahma Valley College of Engineering & Research Institute, Nashik, Maharashtra, 422 213, India
| | - Alagar Karthick
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Avinashi road, Arasur, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, 641407, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electronics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110075, India
| | - Robbi Rahim
- Department of Informatics Management, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Sukma, Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20219, Indonesia
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Pipaliya SV, Santos R, Salas-Leiva D, Balmer EA, Wirdnam CD, Roger AJ, Hehl AB, Faso C, Dacks JB. Unexpected organellar locations of ESCRT machinery in Giardia intestinalis and complex evolutionary dynamics spanning the transition to parasitism in the lineage Fornicata. BMC Biol 2021; 19:167. [PMID: 34446013 PMCID: PMC8394649 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparing a parasitic lineage to its free-living relatives is a powerful way to understand how that evolutionary transition to parasitism occurred. Giardia intestinalis (Fornicata) is a leading cause of gastrointestinal disease world-wide and is famous for its unusual complement of cellular compartments, such as having peripheral vacuoles instead of typical endosomal compartments. Endocytosis plays an important role in Giardia's pathogenesis. Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) are membrane-deforming proteins associated with the late endosome/multivesicular body (MVB). MVBs are ill-defined in G. intestinalis, and roles for identified ESCRT-related proteins are not fully understood in the context of its unique endocytic system. Furthermore, components thought to be required for full ESCRT functionality have not yet been documented in this species. RESULTS We used genomic and transcriptomic data from several Fornicata species to clarify the evolutionary genome streamlining observed in Giardia, as well as to detect any divergent orthologs of the Fornicata ESCRT subunits. We observed differences in the ESCRT machinery complement between Giardia strains. Microscopy-based investigations of key components of ESCRT machinery such as GiVPS36 and GiVPS25 link them to peripheral vacuoles, highlighting these organelles as simplified MVB equivalents. Unexpectedly, we show ESCRT components associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and, for the first time, mitosomes. Finally, we identified the rare ESCRT component CHMP7 in several fornicate representatives, including Giardia and show that contrary to current understanding, CHMP7 evolved from a gene fusion of VPS25 and SNF7 domains, prior to the last eukaryotic common ancestor, over 1.5 billion years ago. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that ESCRT machinery in G. intestinalis is far more varied and complete than previously thought, associates to multiple cellular locations, and presents changes in ESCRT complement which pre-date adoption of a parasitic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta V Pipaliya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui Santos
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dayana Salas-Leiva
- Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erina A Balmer
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corina D Wirdnam
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Roger
- Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adrian B Hehl
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Faso
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, CAS, v.v.i. Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Centre for Life's Origin and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College of London, London, UK.
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Romero-Sosa JL, Motanis H, Buonomano DV. Differential Excitability of PV and SST Neurons Results in Distinct Functional Roles in Inhibition Stabilization of Up States. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7182-7196. [PMID: 34253625 PMCID: PMC8387123 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2830-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Up states are the best studied example of an emergent neural dynamic regime. Computational models based on a single class of inhibitory neurons indicate that Up states reflect bistable dynamic systems in which positive feedback is stabilized by strong inhibition and predict a paradoxical effect in which increased drive to inhibitory neurons results in decreased inhibitory activity. To date, however, computational models have not incorporated empirically defined properties of parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) neurons. Here we first experimentally characterized the frequency-current (F-I) curves of pyramidal (Pyr), PV, and SST neurons from mice of either sex, and confirmed a sharp difference between the threshold and slopes of PV and SST neurons. The empirically defined F-I curves were incorporated into a three-population computational model that simulated the empirically derived firing rates of pyramidal, PV, and SST neurons. Simulations revealed that the intrinsic properties were sufficient to predict that PV neurons are primarily responsible for generating the nontrivial fixed points representing Up states. Simulations and analytical methods demonstrated that while the paradoxical effect is not obligatory in a model with two classes of inhibitory neurons, it is present in most regimes. Finally, experimental tests validated predictions of the model that the Pyr ↔ PV inhibitory loop is stronger than the Pyr ↔ SST loop.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many cortical computations, such as working memory, rely on the local recurrent excitatory connections that define cortical circuit motifs. Up states are among the best studied examples of neural dynamic regimes that rely on recurrent excitatory excitation. However, this positive feedback must be held in check by inhibition. To address the relative contribution of PV and SST neurons, we characterized the intrinsic input-output differences between these classes of inhibitory neurons and, using experimental and theoretical methods, show that the higher threshold and gain of PV leads to a dominant role in network stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Romero-Sosa
- Department of Neurobiology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Helen Motanis
- Department of Neurobiology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Dean V Buonomano
- Department of Neurobiology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Altomare I, Parasuraman S, Paranagama D, Kish J, Lord K, Yu J, Colucci P. Real-World Dosing Patterns of Ruxolitinib in Patients With Polycythemia Vera Who Are Resistant to or Intolerant of Hydroxyurea. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2021; 21:e915-e921. [PMID: 34353779 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately one-quarter of patients with polycythemia vera become resistant to and/or intolerant of hydroxyurea. This analysis characterizes reasons patients were switched from hydroxyurea to ruxolitinib and describes ruxolitinib dosing patterns and outcomes in real-world clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS This medical chart review of United States community hematology/oncology practices in the Cardinal Health Oncology Provider Extended Network included patients with polycythemia vera who were ≥18 years old, received hydroxyurea for ≥3 months, started ruxolitinib between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, and had ≥2 visits during the subsequent 6 months. Clinical data were collected at predefined intervals from diagnosis to last provider visit. RESULTS Providers identified 249 patients for inclusion. jcauses of hydroxyurea discontinuation were resistance (78%; frequently for hematocrit ≥45% [79%]) and intolerance (28%; frequently for nausea/vomiting [50%]). Initial ruxolitinib dosing was 10 mg twice daily (recommended dose) in 131 patients (53%). Among these patients, median treatment duration was 29.2 months, 35 (27%) had dose modification (increase, n = 24; decrease, n = 11) and 4 had interruptions within 6 months. The most common reason for dose increase was continued need for phlebotomy (46%); 6 patients had dose reductions owing to reduced platelets. Hematocrit control at initiation and during the first 6 months of ruxolitinib treatment was 15% and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSION Most patients initiated ruxolitinib upon hydroxyurea resistance. Approximately half initiated ruxolitinib at the recommended dose, 27% of whom experienced dosing modifications within the first 6 months. After switching to ruxolitinib, most patients achieved hematocrit control and continued treatment for extended time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Lord
- Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions, Dublin, OH
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Nundy S, Ghosh A, Tahir A, Mallick TK. Role of Hafnium Doping on Wetting Transition Tuning the Wettability Properties of ZnO and Doped Thin Films: Self-Cleaning Coating for Solar Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25540-25552. [PMID: 34024103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we successfully synthesized high-quality Hf-ZnO thin films with various Hf contents (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 at. %), which showed both superhydrophilic (6% Hf-ZnO) and ultrahydrophobic (15% Hf-ZnO) wetting behavior. Different characterization methods were opted to recognize the structural (XRD, SEM, AFM) and defect properties (XPS) of the pristine and doped materials, to understand the mechanisms underlying the tuning of wetting behavior (contact angle). Hafnium doping plays a noteworthy role in tuning the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures, roughness of the material surface, generation of defects, Lewis acid-base interactions, and wettability properties. We achieved a superhydrophilic surface with 6% Hf-ZnO owing to a smooth surface, less basicity, and maximum concentration of oxygen vacancies, and also an ultrahydrophobic surface with 15% Hf-ZnO because of the rough surface, high basicity, and minimum concentration of oxygen vacancies. The as prepared Hf-ZnO samples showed stable performance (stability, wearability, weatherability, and antifouling) under real-life conditions marking them multifunctional and biosafe material to be effectively used in solar and building's window. A wetting mechanism was established to relate the wetting behavior of the samples to oxygen vacancies (active sites for water dissociation: resulted due to charge mismatch of host cation (Zn2+) by the doped cation (Hf4+)), roughness (smooth surface (Wenzel) with minimum Rrms (0.588) portraying hydrophilic property and rough caltropic surface (Cassie-Baxter) with maximum Rrms (2.522) portraying hydrophobic property), basicity (H2O: Lewis Base; ZnO: Lewis acid; HfO2: Lewis base) and morphology (tube-like structure (0-6% Hf-ZnO) and caltrop-like structure (12-15% Hf-ZnO)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Nundy
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Asif Tahir
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
| | - Tapas K Mallick
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
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Loscocco GG, Antonioli E, Romano I, Vergoni F, Rotunno G, Mannelli F, Guglielmelli P, Vannucchi AM. Lenalidomide: A double-edged sword for concomitant multiple myeloma and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:749-754. [PMID: 33719069 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe G. Loscocco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Hematology Unit Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
- Hematology Unit Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
| | - Federica Vergoni
- Division of Pathology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Giada Rotunno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
| | - Francesco Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Hematology Unit Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Hematology Unit Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
| | - Alessandro M. Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence Florence Italy
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie Mieloproliferative Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Hematology Unit Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
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Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are both driven by JAK-STAT pathway activation and consequently much of the recent research efforts to improve the management and outcomes of patients with these neoplasms have centered around inhibition of this pathway. In addition to newer JAK inhibitors and improved interferons, promising novel agents exploiting a growing understanding of PV and ET pathogenesis and disease evolution mechanisms are being developed. These agents may modify the disease course in addition to cytoreduction. Histone deacetylase, MDM2 and telomerase inhibitors in patients with PV/ET have demonstrated clinically efficacy and serve as chief examples. Hepcidin mimetics, limiting iron availability to red blood cell precursors, offer an exciting alternative to therapeutic phlebotomy and have the potential to revolutionize management for patients with PV. Many of these newer agents are found to improve hematologic parameters and symptom burden, but their role in thrombotic risk reduction and disease progression control is currently unknown. The results of larger, randomized studies to confirm the early efficacy signals observed in phase 1/2 trials are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Shallis
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208028, New Haven, CT, 06520-8028, USA
| | - Nikolai A Podoltsev
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208028, New Haven, CT, 06520-8028, USA.
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Dong X, Xue P, Ma X, Bai Y, Shi P, Bian L. Recognition and binding of FEZ-1 from Legionella with penicillin V and cefoxitin by fluorescence spectra in combination with molecular dynamics simulation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109819. [PMID: 34311875 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and interaction of FEZ-1 from Legionella (FEZ-1) with penicillin V(PV) and cefoxitin(CFX) were investigated using fluorescence spectra in combination with molecular dynamics simulation (MD). The results revealed that the CFX bind with FEZ-1 in stronger interaction and induced larger conformational change than PV, despite all being forced by the electrostatic interaction and along with the changing in an environment of amino acid residues as well as the polypeptide skeleton inside the FEZ-1. Moreover, only the loop1, loop2, and N-terminal were observed locating near the binding pocket of FEZ-1, consisting of a flexible "gate-like" zone with better adaptability that controlled the entrance of antibiotic into the pocket by allowing the newly introduced antibiotic to match the pocket better through the conformational changes of these three substructures in the binding procedure. The current study may provide some valuable information on the antibiotic hydrolytic process by metallo-beta-lactamase and thus the references for the development of new antibiotics for super bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Dong
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Pengli Xue
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xian Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yifan Bai
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Penghui Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Abstract
Consensus guidelines have helped to standardize the care of patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera, focusing on reducing the risk of thrombosis, mitigating symptoms, and avoiding therapies that may accelerate disease progression. However, many unmet needs still exist ranging from the roll of antiplatelet therapy in ET to medications that reduce disease progression. Retrospective studies suggest an improvement in myelofibrosis-free survival for treatment with interferons; new agents are looking to also enact disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kishtagari
- Leukemia & Myeloid Disorders Program, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA60, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Aaron T Gerds
- Leukemia & Myeloid Disorders Program, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, CA60, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA.
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Nasillo V, Riva G, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Roncati L, Lusenti B, Maccaferri M, Messerotti A, Pioli V, Gilioli A, Bettelli F, Giusti D, Barozzi P, Lagreca I, Maffei R, Marasca R, Potenza L, Comoli P, Manfredini R, Maiorana A, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Trenti T. Inflammatory Microenvironment and Specific T Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Immunopathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041906. [PMID: 33672997 PMCID: PMC7918142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are malignancies of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) arising as a consequence of clonal proliferation driven by somatically acquired driver mutations in discrete genes (JAK2, CALR, MPL). In recent years, along with the advances in molecular characterization, the role of immune dysregulation has been achieving increasing relevance in the pathogenesis and evolution of MPNs. In particular, a growing number of studies have shown that MPNs are often associated with detrimental cytokine milieu, expansion of the monocyte/macrophage compartment and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as altered functions of T cells, dendritic cells and NK cells. Moreover, akin to solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, MPNs are able to evade T cell immune surveillance by engaging the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, whose pharmacological blockade with checkpoint inhibitors can successfully restore effective antitumor responses. A further interesting cue is provided by the recent discovery of the high immunogenic potential of JAK2V617F and CALR exon 9 mutations, that could be harnessed as intriguing targets for innovative adoptive immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent insights in the immunological dysfunctions contributing to the pathogenesis of MPNs and outlines the potential impact of related immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Nasillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-2173
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Beatrice Lusenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Davide Giusti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine “S. Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (F.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (A.G.); (F.B.); (D.G.); (P.B.); (I.L.); (R.M.); (R.M.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy; (G.R.); (B.L.); (E.T.); (T.T.)
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Nasillo V, Riva G, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Roncati L, Lusenti B, Maccaferri M, Messerotti A, Pioli V, Gilioli A, Bettelli F, Giusti D, Barozzi P, Lagreca I, Maffei R, Marasca R, Potenza L, Comoli P, Manfredini R, Maiorana A, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Trenti T. Inflammatory Microenvironment and Specific T Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Immunopathogenesis and Novel Immunotherapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [PMID: 33672997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041906.pmid:33672997;pmcid:pmc7918142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are malignancies of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) arising as a consequence of clonal proliferation driven by somatically acquired driver mutations in discrete genes (JAK2, CALR, MPL). In recent years, along with the advances in molecular characterization, the role of immune dysregulation has been achieving increasing relevance in the pathogenesis and evolution of MPNs. In particular, a growing number of studies have shown that MPNs are often associated with detrimental cytokine milieu, expansion of the monocyte/macrophage compartment and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as altered functions of T cells, dendritic cells and NK cells. Moreover, akin to solid tumors and other hematological malignancies, MPNs are able to evade T cell immune surveillance by engaging the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, whose pharmacological blockade with checkpoint inhibitors can successfully restore effective antitumor responses. A further interesting cue is provided by the recent discovery of the high immunogenic potential of JAK2V617F and CALR exon 9 mutations, that could be harnessed as intriguing targets for innovative adoptive immunotherapies. This review focuses on the recent insights in the immunological dysfunctions contributing to the pathogenesis of MPNs and outlines the potential impact of related immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Nasillo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Riva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ambra Paolini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncati
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Lusenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Maccaferri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Messerotti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Pioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Gilioli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Bettelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Giusti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Lagreca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit and Cell Factory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics, AUSL/AOU Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Szalak R, Matysek M, Kukula-Koch W, Rycerz K, Zacharko-Siembida A, Arciszewski MB. Colocalization pattern of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus proper of the chinchilla. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 23:89-96. [PMID: 32233291 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.132752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study set out to investigate, for the first time, the distribution and colocalization pattern of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and one of the calcium binding- -proteins: parvalbumin (PV) in the chinchilla's hippocampus proper (HP). HP, consisting of Ammon's horn (CA) and the dentate gyrus (DG), is an important component of the limbic system, involved in learning and memory processes. CA showed a higher immunoreactivity of CART (-IR) compared to DG. CART-IR neurons were mainly observed in the molecular layer of DG and in the pyramidal layer of CA. CART-IR fibers were present in the granular layer; in the hilus numerous mossy fibers were detected, while in the molecular layer CART-IR fibers were not found. In all CA fields (CA1-CA3), CART-IR fibers were only present in the lacuno- sum-molecular layer. Immunofluorescence with double- labeling showed that only CART-IR cells stained positive for PV, whereas in CART-IR fibers there was no PV-positive reaction. Our research supplements missing knowledge about the distribution and colocalization pattern of CART with PV in the chinchilla's hippocampus, and also provides a better understanding of the similarities and differences among individuals of the same species and also with other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Szalak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Matysek
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - W Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Rycerz
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - A Zacharko-Siembida
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M B Arciszewski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Shah SZ, Raza N, Nasir MI, Zaidi SMH. Frequency of Zygosity in Jak-2 Positive Patients with Polycythemia Vera-Pakistan's Perspective. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:559-564. [PMID: 33639674 PMCID: PMC8190342 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of JAK2V617F mutational load in Polycythemia Vera (PV) helps to determine the severity of the disease phenotype, the risk of thrombotic events, progression to post-PV myelofibrosis and survival. Amplification Refractory Mutation Screening (ARMS) PCR or Allele Specific (AS) PCR is a simple easy method with a reasonable sensitivity for screening of zygosity.The purpose of this study was to see the frequency of disease burden and phenotypic characteristics in Pakistani patients diagnosed with JAK2V617F mutation positive PV. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study using non probability consecutive sampling was conducted at Hematology Department, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi from October 2018 to July 2019.Adult newly diagnosed JAK2V617F positive PV patients of either gender were included. Patients' demographics, clinical characteristics and baseline CBC were noted. JAK2V617F zygosity was qualitatively analyzed by ARMS-PCR technique. Age and gender were stratified to see to see the result of qualitative and quantitative effect modifiers on these patients using Chi Square and fisher exact test as appropriate while mean comparison was done by independent t-test and one way ANOVAtest. P value of ≤0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS Fifty one patients were included in the study with an average age of 59.60±14.29years.90.2% of patients had hypertension.All patients tested positive for heterozygous state. Significant association of gender was found with smoking (p=0.001) while age was significantly linked with hypertension (p-0.033). CONCLUSION JAK2V617F positive PV patients are mainly heterozygous males showing significant association with smoking and hypertension. ARMS-PCR is a robust technique to determine zygosity which can be used for screening purposes.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zubair Shah
- Department of Hematology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Raza
- Department of Hematology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr Nasir
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
Hyperactive signaling of the Janus-Associated Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is central to the pathogenesis of Philadelphia-chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), i.e., polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) which are characterized by inherent biological and clinical heterogeneity. Patients with MPNs suffer from substantial symptom burden and curtailed longevity due to thrombohemorrhagic complications or progression to myelofibrosis or acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, the management strategies focus on thrombosis risk mitigation in PV/ET, alleviation of symptom burden and improvement in cytopenias and red blood cell transfusion requirements, and disease course alteration in PMF. The United States Food and Drug Administration's (USFDA) approval of two JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib, fedratinib) has transformed the therapeutic landscape of MPNs in assuaging the need for frequent therapeutic phlebotomy (PV) and reduction in spleen and symptom burden (PV and PMF). Despite improving biological understanding of these complex clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell neoplasms, none of the currently available therapies appear to modify the proclivity of the disease per se, thereby remaining an urgent unmet clinical need and an ongoing area of intense clinical investigation. This review will highlight the evolving targeted therapeutic agents that are in early- and late-stage MPN clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Venugopal
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY 10029 USA
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Giacomoni J, Bruzelius A, Stamouli CA, Rylander Ottosson D. Direct Conversion of Human Stem Cell-Derived Glial Progenitor Cells into GABAergic Interneurons. Cells 2020; 9:E2451. [PMID: 33182669 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial progenitor cells are widely distributed in brain parenchyma and represent a suitable target for future therapeutic interventions that generate new neurons via in situ reprogramming. Previous studies have shown successful reprogramming of mouse glia into neurons whereas the conversion of human glial cells remains challenging due to the limited accessibility of human brain tissue. Here, we have used a recently developed stem cell-based model of human glia progenitor cells (hGPCs) for direct neural reprogramming by overexpressing a set of transcription factors involved in GABAergic interneuron fate specification. GABAergic interneurons play a key role in balancing excitatory and inhibitory neural circuitry in the brain and loss or dysfunction of these have been implicated in several neurological disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism. Our results demonstrate that hGPCs successfully convert into functional induced neurons with postsynaptic activity within a month. The induced neurons have properties of GABAergic neurons, express subtype-specific interneuron markers (e.g. parvalbumin) and exhibit a complex neuronal morphology with extensive dendritic trees. The possibility of inducing GABAergic interneurons from a renewable in vitro hGPC system could provide a foundation for the development of therapies for interneuron pathologies.
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Sadjadian P, Wille K, Griesshammer M. Ruxolitinib-Associated Infections in Polycythemia Vera: Review of the Literature, Clinical Significance, and Recommendations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113132. [PMID: 33114733 PMCID: PMC7693745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic blood disease characterized by elevated red blood cells and splenomegaly. About 98% of all PV patients harbor the JAK2 mutation. Ruxolitinib (RUX), a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, received approval as a second-line indication in PV patients who are resistant or intolerant to standard therapy hydroxyurea in both the United States (2014) and Europe (2015). In the studies relevant to approval, RUX achieved excellent PV control. Due to its mechanism of action, RUX also has immunosuppressive effects. As expected, an increased rate of infection was observed in clinical studies and in practical application. In this overview, we have compiled all previous literature references on RUX and infections in PV. However, apart from a few individual cases with special infections and an increased rate of zoster infections, there are no exceptional high infection problems. Recommendations are given on how infections in RUX treated PV patients can be avoided. Abstract Ruxolitinib (RUX), a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is approved for second-line therapy in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) who are resistant or intolerant to hydroxyurea. Due to the immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effect of RUX, there is an increased susceptibility to infections. However, an increased risk of infection is inherent to even untreated myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). To obtain more information on the clinical significance of RUX-associated infections in PV, we reviewed the available literature. There is no evidence-based approach to managing infection risks. Most data on RUX-associated infections are available for MF. In all studies, the infection rates in the RUX and control groups were fairly similar, with the exception of infections with the varicella zoster virus (VZV). However, individual cases of bilateral toxoplasmosis retinitis, disseminated molluscum contagiosum, or a mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or a hepatitis B reactivation are reported. A careful assessment of the risk of infection for PV patients is required at the initial presentation and before the start of RUX. Screening for hepatitis B is recommended in all patients. The risk of RUX-associated infections is lower with PV than with MF, but compared to a normal population there is an increased risk of VZV infection. However, primary VZV prophylaxis for PV patients is not recommended, while secondary prophylaxis can be considered individually. As early treatment is most effective for VZV, patients should be properly informed and trained to seek medical advice immediately if cutaneous signs of VZV develop. Vaccination against influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumococci should be considered in all PV patients at risk of infection, especially if RUX treatment is planned. Current recommendations do not support adjusting or discontinuing JAK inhibition in MPN patients to reduce the risk of COVID-19.
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Bukar AL, Tan CW, Yiew LK, Ayop R, Tan WS. A rule-based energy management scheme for long-term optimal capacity planning of grid-independent microgrid optimized by multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm. Energy Convers Manag 2020; 221:113161. [PMID: 32834297 PMCID: PMC7372290 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Off-grid electrification of remote communities using sustainable energy systems (SESs) is a requisite for realizing sustainable development goals. Nonetheless, the capacity planning of the SESs is challenging as it needs to fulfil the fluctuating demand from a long-term perspective, in addition to the intermittency and unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources (RESs). Owing to the nonlinear and non-convex nature of the capacity planning problem, an efficient technique must be employed to achieve a cost-effective system. Existing techniques are, subject to some constraints on the derivability and continuity of the objective function, prone to premature convergence, computationally demanding, follows rigorous procedures to fine-tune the algorithm parameters in different applications, and often do not offer a fair balance during the exploitation and exploration phase of the optimization process. Furthermore, the literature review indicates that researchers often do not implement and examine the energy management scheme (EMS) of a microgrid while computing for the capacity planning problem of microgrids. This paper proposes a rule-based EMS (REMS) optimized by a nature-inspired grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) for long-term capacity planning of a grid-independent microgrid incorporating a wind turbine, a photovoltaic, a battery (BT) bank and a diesel generator ( D g e n ). In which, a rule-based algorithm is used to implement an EMS to prioritize the usage of RES and coordinate the power flow of the proposed microgrid components. Subsequently, an attempt is made to explore and confirm the efficiency of the proposed REMS incorporated with GOA. The ultimate goal of the objective function is to minimize the cost of energy (COE) and the deficiency of power supply probability (DPSP). The performance of the REMS is examined via a long-term simulation study to ascertain the REMS resiliency and to ensure the operating limit of the BT storage is not violated. The result of the GOA is compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). The simulation results indicate that the proposed technique's superiority is confirmed in terms of convergence to the optimal solution. The simulation results confirm that the proposed REMS has contributed to better adoption of a cleaner energy production system, as the scheme significantly reduces fuel consumption, CO 2 emission and COE by 92.4%, 92.3% and 79.8%, respectively as compared to the conventional D g e n . The comparative evaluation of the algorithms shows that REMS-GOA yields a better result as it offers the least COE (objective function), at $0.3656/kW h, as compared to the REMS-CSA at $0.3662/kW h and REMS-PSO at $0.3674/kW h, for the desired DPSP of 0%. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to highlight the effect of uncertainties on the system inputs that may arise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abba Lawan Bukar
- Division of Electrical Power Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Chee Wei Tan
- Division of Electrical Power Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Lau Kwan Yiew
- Institute of High Voltage and High Current, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Razman Ayop
- Division of Electrical Power Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Shan Tan
- School of Engineering and Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fadlallah SO, Benhadji Serradj DE. Determination of the optimal solar photovoltaic ( PV) system for Sudan. Sol Energy 2020; 208:800-813. [PMID: 32863443 PMCID: PMC7442073 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electricity access in Africa is a major challenge in rural areas. Despite considerable potential for the use of solar energy, investments in renewable energy projects are minimal due to poor promotion of solar energy. As a result, many people still rely on private diesel generators, which release significant levels of pollutants, and have negative effects on both humans and the environment. Situated in the sunbelt, Sudan is one of the largest countries in Africa endowed with an extremely high solar irradiation potential. However, no work has been done in the literature with a strategic context to study specifically the feasibility of renewable energy systems in Sudan despite the abundance of solar resource. The aim of this study was to utilize Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) to identify the optimal solar photovoltaic (PV) system for Sudan's conditions, identify the best locations, and analyze the costs and the pollution that might be avoided by employing a PV system in place of a diesel system. HOMER simulation results demonstrated that the optimal type of PV for Sudan is the Studer VarioTrack VT-65 with Generic PV. The utilization of a solar PV system will avoid the production of approximately 27 million kg/year of pollutants and will reduce the cost of energy to USD$ 0.08746/kWh. The optimal locations found in Sudan for utilizing solar energy were Wawa, followed by Kutum, Wadi Halfa, Dongola and Al-Goled due to their low costs of electricity, high clearness index and high levels of solar radiation. Given the recent rapid decrease in PV pricing and predictions for continued reductions, the costs of PV were varied to deliver an understanding on the impact of PV costs on the project economics. Reducing the PV costs by 25% has a significant impact; the cost of energy produced reduces in the range of USD$ 0.06697/kWh and USD$ 0.06808/kWh, while a reduction in PV costs of 50% further reduces the cost of energy, ranging between USD$ 0.05273/kWh and USD$ 0.05361/kWh in the top five locations in Sudan. The output of this study is projected to raising the potentiality awareness of renewable energy in Sudan and delivering a valuable reference regarding the optimal utilization of solar PV system in energy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman O Fadlallah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
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Grieco SF, Qiao X, Zheng X, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhang H, Yu Z, Gavornik JP, Lai C, Gandhi SP, Holmes TC, Xu X. Subanesthetic Ketamine Reactivates Adult Cortical Plasticity to Restore Vision from Amblyopia. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3591-3603.e8. [PMID: 32822611 PMCID: PMC7925140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Subanesthetic ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in human patients. The mechanism for ketamine's effects remains elusive, but ketamine may broadly modulate brain plasticity processes. We show that single-dose ketamine reactivates adult mouse visual cortical plasticity and promotes functional recovery of visual acuity defects from amblyopia. Ketamine specifically induces downregulation of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) expression in parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory neurons in mouse visual cortex. NRG1 downregulation in PV neurons co-tracks both the fast onset and sustained decreases in synaptic inhibition to excitatory neurons, along with reduced synaptic excitation to PV neurons in vitro and in vivo following a single ketamine treatment. These effects are blocked by exogenous NRG1 as well as PV targeted receptor knockout. Thus, ketamine reactivation of adult visual cortical plasticity is mediated through rapid and sustained cortical disinhibition via downregulation of PV-specific NRG1 signaling. Our findings reveal the neural plasticity-based mechanism for ketamine-mediated functional recovery from adult amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Grieco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lujia Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Yu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1250, USA
| | | | - Cary Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7000, USA
| | - Sunil P Gandhi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697- 4560, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1275, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4025, USA.
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Labaran LA, Amin R, Sequeira S, Puvanesarajah V, Haug E, Rao SS, Browne JA, Werner BC. Does Polycythemia Vera Increase Risk of Postoperative Complications Following Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty? A Retrospective Matched Control Cohort Study of 6932 Polycythemia Vera Patients. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:S133-S137. [PMID: 31776052 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is sparsity of data on outcomes following joint arthroplasty among polycythemia vera (PV) patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate postoperative outcomes following primary total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasty among PV patients. METHODS A retrospective Medicare database review identified 6932 PV patients who underwent a primary total joint arthroplasty (4643 TKAs and 2289 THAs) from 2006 to 2013. A comparison of hospital length of stay, mortality, and the diagnosis of surgical site infections (SSIs), stroke, myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and other postoperative complications was made between PV patients undergoing TKA and THA and their respective matched control groups. RESULTS PV was significantly associated with increased rates of acute PE (2.3% vs 1.6%; odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.75), DVT (4.2% vs 3.6%; OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.20-1.61, P < .001), postoperative hematoma (0.6% vs 0.4%; OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03-2.28), and SSI (4.5% vs 3.6%; OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.44, P = .002) following TKA. Among PV patients who underwent a primary THA, PV was significantly associated with increased rate of acute PE (1.9% vs 1.4%; OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01-1.88, P = .035), DVT (3.5% vs 2.6%; OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.66, P = .035), postoperative hematoma (1.1% vs 0.6%; OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.22-2.80), and 1-year mortality (2.2% vs 1.6%; OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.89, P = .016). CONCLUSION PV was significantly associated with increased risk for DVT, PE, postoperative hematoma, SSI (TKA only), and 1-year mortality (THA only) following primary total joint arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawal A Labaran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Raj Amin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sean Sequeira
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Emanuel Haug
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Sandesh S Rao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - James A Browne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian C Werner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Huntley MA, Srinivasan K, Friedman BA, Wang TM, Yee AX, Wang Y, Kaminker JS, Sheng M, Hansen DV, Hanson JE. Genome-Wide Analysis of Differential Gene Expression and Splicing in Excitatory Neurons and Interneuron Subtypes. J Neurosci 2020; 40:958-973. [PMID: 31831521 PMCID: PMC6988999 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1615-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical circuit activity is shaped by the parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons that inhibit principal excitatory (EXC) neurons and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons that suppress activation of other interneurons. To understand the molecular-genetic basis of functional specialization and identify potential drug targets specific to each neuron subtype, we performed a genome wide assessment of both gene expression and splicing across EXC, PV, SST and VIP neurons from male and female mouse brains. These results reveal numerous examples where neuron subtype-specific gene expression, as well as splice-isoform usage, can explain functional differences between neuron subtypes, including in presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic receptor function, and synaptic connectivity specification. We provide a searchable web resource for exploring differential mRNA expression and splice form usage between excitatory, PV, SST, and VIP neurons (http://research-pub.gene.com/NeuronSubtypeTranscriptomes). This resource, combining a unique new dataset and novel application of analysis methods to multiple relevant datasets, identifies numerous potential drug targets for manipulating circuit function, reveals neuron subtype-specific roles for disease-linked genes, and is useful for understanding gene expression changes observed in human patient brains.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the basis of functional specialization of neuron subtypes and identifying drug targets for manipulating circuit function requires comprehensive information on cell-type-specific transcriptional profiles. We sorted excitatory neurons and key inhibitory neuron subtypes from mouse brains and assessed differential mRNA expression. We used a genome-wide analysis which not only examined differential gene expression levels but could also detect differences in splice isoform usage. This analysis reveals numerous examples of neuron subtype-specific isoform usage with functional importance, identifies potential drug targets, and provides insight into the neuron subtypes involved in psychiatric disease. We also apply our analysis to two other relevant datasets for comparison, and provide a searchable website for convenient access to the resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Huntley
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | | | - Brad A Friedman
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | - Tzu-Ming Wang
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | - Ada X Yee
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | - Josh S Kaminker
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | - David V Hansen
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4918
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Kuljis DA, Park E, Telmer CA, Lee J, Ackerman DS, Bruchez MP, Barth AL. Fluorescence-Based Quantitative Synapse Analysis for Cell Type-Specific Connectomics. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO. [PMID: 31548370 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0193-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical methods for determining cell type-specific connectivity are essential to inspire and constrain our understanding of neural circuit function. We developed genetically-encoded reagents for fluorescence-synapse labeling and connectivity analysis in brain tissue, using a fluorogen-activating protein (FAP)-coupled or YFP-coupled, postsynaptically-localized neuroligin-1 (NL-1) targeting sequence (FAP/YFPpost). FAPpost expression did not alter mEPSC or mIPSC properties. Sparse AAV-mediated expression of FAP/YFPpost with the cell-filling, red fluorophore dTomato (dTom) enabled high-throughput, compartment-specific detection of putative synapses across diverse neuron types in mouse somatosensory cortex. We took advantage of the bright, far-red emission of FAPpost puncta for multichannel fluorescence alignment of dendrites, FAPpost puncta, and presynaptic neurites in transgenic mice with saturated labeling of parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing neurons using Cre-reporter driven expression of YFP. Subtype-specific inhibitory connectivity onto layer 2/3 (L2/3) neocortical pyramidal (Pyr) neurons was assessed using automated puncta detection and neurite apposition. Quantitative and compartment-specific comparisons show that PV inputs are the predominant source of inhibition at both the soma and the dendrites and were particularly concentrated at the primary apical dendrite. SST inputs were interleaved with PV inputs at all secondary-order and higher-order dendritic branches. These fluorescence-based synapse labeling reagents can facilitate large-scale and cell-type specific quantitation of changes in synaptic connectivity across development, learning, and disease states.
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Hartmann J, Thalheimer FB, Höpfner F, Kerzel T, Khodosevich K, García-González D, Monyer H, Diester I, Büning H, Carette JE, Fries P, Buchholz CJ. GluA4-Targeted AAV Vectors Deliver Genes Selectively to Interneurons while Relying on the AAV Receptor for Entry. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:252-60. [PMID: 31463334 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective gene delivery into subtypes of interneurons remains an important challenge in vector development. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector particles are especially promising for intracerebral injections. For cell entry, AAV2 particles are supposed to attach to heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) followed by endocytosis via the AAV receptor (AAVR). Here, we assessed engineered AAV particles deficient in HSPG attachment but competent in recognizing the glutamate receptor 4 (GluA4, also known as GluRD or GRIA4) through a displayed GluA4-specific DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat protein). When injected into the mouse brain, histological evaluation revealed that in various regions, more than 90% of the transduced cells were interneurons, mainly of the parvalbumin-positive subtype. Although part of the selectivity was mediated by the DARPin, the chosen spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) promoter had contributed as well. Further analysis revealed that the DARPin mediated selective attachment to GluA4-positive cells, whereas gene delivery required expression of AAVR. Our data suggest that cell selectivity of AAV particles can be modified rationally and efficiently through DARPins, but expression of the AAV entry receptor remains essential.
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Tewari BP, Sontheimer H. Protocol to quantitatively assess the structural integrity of Perineuronal Nets ex vivo. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3234. [PMID: 33654764 PMCID: PMC7854210 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix assemblies of highly negatively charged proteoglycans that wrap around fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons in the cerebral cortex. PNNs play important roles in neuronal plasticity and modulate biophysical properties of the enclosed interneurons. Various central nervous system diseases including schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease and epilepsy present with qualitative alteration in PNNs, however prior studies failed to quantitatively assess such changes at single PNN level and correlate them with functional changes in disease. We describe a method to quantify the structural integrity of PNNs using high magnification image analysis of Wisteria Floribunda Agglutinin (WFA)-labeled PNNs in combination with cell-type-specific marker such as PV and NeuN. A polyline intensity profile of WFA along the entire perimeter of cell shows alternate segments with and without WFA labeling, indicating the intact chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and holes of PNN respectively. This line intensity profile defines CSPG peaks, where intact PNN is present, and CSPG valleys (holes) where the PNN is missing. The average number of peaks reflect the integrity of the lattice assembly of PNN. The average size of PNN holes can be readily computed using image analysis software. Furthermore, degradation of PNNs using a bacterial-derived enzyme, Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), allows to experimentally manipulate PNNs in situ brain slices during which biophysical properties can be assessed by patch-clamp recordings. We describe optimized experimental parameters to degrade PNNs in brain slices before as well as during recordings to study the possible change in function in real time. Our protocols provide effective and appropriate methods to modulate and quantify the PNN's experimental manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P. Tewari
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, 2 Riverside Cir., Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease, and Cancer Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, 2 Riverside Cir., Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- School of Neuroscience, College of Science, Virginia Tech, 300 Turner Street NW, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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