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Meeker A, Van Gampelaere J, Zhu L, Luo H, Zhang J. Spike Analysis of the Neural Activities Across the Rats' Auditory Brain Structures. J Eng Sci Med Diagn Ther 2024; 7:041002. [PMID: 38617390 PMCID: PMC11009913 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a health condition that affects a large population. Clinical diagnosis and treatment have been developed for treating tinnitus for years. However, there are still limitations because researchers have yet to elucidate the mechanisms underlying how tinnitus neural signals develop in brain structures. Abnormal neural interactions among the brain areas are considered to play an important role in tinnitus generation. Researchers have been studying neural activities in the auditory brain structures, including the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), inferior colliculus (IC), and auditory cortex (AC), to seek a better understanding of the information flow among these brain regions, especially in comparison with both health and tinnitus conditions. In this project, neural activities from the DCN, IC, and AC were collected and analyzed before and after the animals were noise-exposed and before and after their auditory cortices were electrically stimulated. These conditions in rats were used to estimate healthy animals, noise-trauma-induced tinnitus, and after auditory cortex electrical stimulation (ACES) treatment. The signal processing algorithms started with the raw measurement data and focused on the local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes in the time domain. The firing rate, shape of spikes, and time differences among channels were analyzed in the time domain, and phase-phase correlation was used to test the phase-frequency information. All the analysis results were summarized in plots and color-heat maps and also used to identify if any neural signal differs and cross-channel relation changes at various animal conditions and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Meeker
- College of Innovation and Technology, University of Michigan - Flint,Flint, MI 48502
- University of Michigan–Flint
| | - Jensen Van Gampelaere
- College of Health Sciences, University of Michigan - Flint,Flint, MI 48502
- University of Michigan–Flint
| | - Linda Zhu
- College of Innovation and Technology, University of Michigan - Flint,Flint, MI 48502
| | - Hao Luo
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202
- Henry Ford Health System
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- School of Medicine, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
- Wayne State University
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2
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Oren L, Maddox A, Farbos de Luzan C, Xie C, Howell R, Dion G, Gutmark E, Khosla S. Acoustics and aerodynamic effects following glottal and infraglottal medialization in an excised larynx model. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:2523-2529. [PMID: 38421393 PMCID: PMC11024032 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of the implant's vertical location during Type 1 Thyroplasty (T1T) on acoustics and glottal aerodynamics using excised canine larynx model, providing insights into the optimal technique for treating unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). METHODS Measurements were conducted in six excised canine larynges using Silastic implants. Two implant locations, glottal and infraglottal, were tested for each larynx at low and high subglottal pressure levels. Acoustic and intraglottal flow velocity field measurements were taken to assess vocal efficiency (VE), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and the development of intraglottal vortices. RESULTS The results indicated that the implant's vertical location significantly influenced vocal efficiency (p = 0.045), with the infraglottal implant generally yielding higher VE values. The effect on CPP was not statistically significant (p = 0.234). Intraglottal velocity field measurements demonstrated larger glottal divergence angles and stronger vortices with the infraglottal implant. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that medializing the paralyzed fold at the infraglottal level rather than the glottal level can lead to improved vocal efficiency. The observed larger divergence angles and stronger intraglottal vortices with infraglottal medialization may enhance voice outcomes in UVFP patients. These findings have important implications for optimizing T1T procedures and improving voice quality in individuals with UVFP. Further research is warranted to validate these results in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Oren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Alexandra Maddox
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles Farbos de Luzan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Howell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Dion
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ephraim Gutmark
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sid Khosla
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Jarysta A, Tadenev ALD, Day M, Krawchuk B, Low BE, Wiles MV, Tarchini B. Inhibitory G proteins play multiple roles to polarize sensory hair cell morphogenesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP88186. [PMID: 38651641 PMCID: PMC11037916 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory G alpha (GNAI or Gαi) proteins are critical for the polarized morphogenesis of sensory hair cells and for hearing. The extent and nature of their actual contributions remains unclear, however, as previous studies did not investigate all GNAI proteins and included non-physiological approaches. Pertussis toxin can downregulate functionally redundant GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3, and GNAO proteins, but may also induce unrelated defects. Here, we directly and systematically determine the role(s) of each individual GNAI protein in mouse auditory hair cells. GNAI2 and GNAI3 are similarly polarized at the hair cell apex with their binding partner G protein signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2), whereas GNAI1 and GNAO are not detected. In Gnai3 mutants, GNAI2 progressively fails to fully occupy the sub-cellular compartments where GNAI3 is missing. In contrast, GNAI3 can fully compensate for the loss of GNAI2 and is essential for hair bundle morphogenesis and auditory function. Simultaneous inactivation of Gnai2 and Gnai3 recapitulates for the first time two distinct types of defects only observed so far with pertussis toxin: (1) a delay or failure of the basal body to migrate off-center in prospective hair cells, and (2) a reversal in the orientation of some hair cell types. We conclude that GNAI proteins are critical for hair cells to break planar symmetry and to orient properly before GNAI2/3 regulate hair bundle morphogenesis with GPSM2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Day
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
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4
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Nessler A, Okada O, Kinoshita Y, Nishimura K, Nagata H, Fukuzawa K, Yonemochi E, Schnieders MJ. Crystal Polymorph Search in the NPT Ensemble via a Deposition/Sublimation Alchemical Path. Cryst Growth Des 2024; 24:3205-3217. [PMID: 38659664 PMCID: PMC11036363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients involves discovering stable crystal packing arrangements or polymorphs, each of which has distinct pharmaceutically relevant properties. Traditional experimental screening techniques utilizing various conditions are commonly supplemented with in silico crystal structure prediction (CSP) to inform the crystallization process and mitigate risk. Predictions are often based on advanced classical force fields or quantum mechanical calculations that model the crystal potential energy landscape but do not fully incorporate temperature, pressure, or solution conditions during the search procedure. This study proposes an innovative alchemical path that utilizes an advanced polarizable atomic multipole force field to predict crystal structures based on direct sampling of the NPT ensemble. The use of alchemical (i.e., nonphysical) intermediates, a novel Monte Carlo barostat, and an orthogonal space tempering bias combine to enhance the sampling efficiency of the deposition/sublimation phase transition. The proposed algorithm was applied to 2-((4-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl)phenyl)amino)benzoic acid (Cambridge Crystallography Database Centre ID: XAFPAY) as a case study to showcase the algorithm. Each experimentally determined polymorph with one molecule in the asymmetric unit was successfully reproduced via approximately 1000 short 1 ns simulations per space group where each simulation was initiated from random rigid body coordinates and unit cell parameters. Utilizing two threads of a recent Intel CPU (a Xeon Gold 6330 CPU at 2.00 GHz), 1 ns of sampling using the polarizable AMOEBA force field can be acquired in 4 h (equating to more than 300 ns/day using all 112 threads/56 cores of a dual CPU node) within the Force Field X software (https://ffx.biochem.uiowa.edu). These results demonstrate a step forward in the rigorous use of the NPT ensemble during the CSP search process and open the door to future algorithms that incorporate solution conditions using continuum solvation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron
J. Nessler
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, 103 South Capitol
Street, 5601 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Okimasa Okada
- Sohyaku
Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi
Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan
| | - Yuya Kinoshita
- Analytical
Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koki Nishimura
- Analytical
Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Nagata
- CMC
Modality Technology Laboratories, Production Technology and Supply
Chain Management Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe
Pharma Corporation, Osaka 541-8505, Japan
| | - Kaori Fukuzawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka
University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Michael J. Schnieders
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, 103 South Capitol
Street, 5601 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Road, 4-403 Bowen Science
Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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5
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Barnes-Davis ME, Williamson BJ, Kline JE, Kline-Fath BM, Tkach J, He L, Yuan W, Parikh NA. Structural connectivity at term equivalent age and language in preterm children at 2 years corrected. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae126. [PMID: 38665963 PMCID: PMC11043656 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported interhemispheric structural hyperconnectivity bypassing the corpus callosum in children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) versus term children. This increased connectivity was positively associated with language performance at 4-6 years of age in our prior work. In the present study, we aim to investigate whether this extracallosal connectivity develops in extremely preterm infants at term equivalent age by leveraging a prospective cohort study of 350 very and extremely preterm infants followed longitudinally in the Cincinnati Infant Neurodevelopment Early Prediction Study. For this secondary analysis, we included only children born extremely preterm and without significant brain injury (n = 95). We use higher-order diffusion modelling to assess the degree to which extracallosal pathways are present in extremely preterm infants and predictive of later language scores at 22-26 months corrected age. We compare results obtained from two higher-order diffusion models: generalized q-sampling imaging and constrained spherical deconvolution. Advanced MRI was obtained at term equivalent age (39-44 weeks post-menstrual age). For structural connectometry analysis, we assessed the level of correlation between white matter connectivity at the whole-brain level at term equivalent age and language scores at 2 years corrected age, controlling for post-menstrual age, sex, brain abnormality score and social risk. For our constrained spherical deconvolution analyses, we performed connectivity-based fixel enhancement, using probabilistic tractography to inform statistical testing of the hypothesis that fibre metrics at term equivalent age relate to language scores at 2 years corrected age after adjusting for covariates. Ninety-five infants were extremely preterm with no significant brain injury. Of these, 53 had complete neurodevelopmental and imaging data sets that passed quality control. In the connectometry analyses adjusted for covariates and multiple comparisons (P < 0.05), the following tracks were inversely correlated with language: bilateral cerebellar white matter and middle cerebellar peduncles, bilateral corticospinal tracks, posterior commissure and the posterior inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. No tracks from the constrained spherical deconvolution/connectivity-based fixel enhancement analyses remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings provide critical information about the ontogeny of structural brain networks supporting language in extremely preterm children. Greater connectivity in more posterior tracks that include the cerebellum and connections to the regions of the temporal lobes at term equivalent age appears to be disadvantageous for language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Barnes-Davis
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brady J Williamson
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julia E Kline
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Beth M Kline-Fath
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jean Tkach
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lili He
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nehal A Parikh
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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6
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Thiel A, Speranza MJ, Jadhav S, Stevens LL, Unruh DK, Ren P, Ponder JW, Shen J, Schnieders MJ. Constant-pH Simulations with the Polarizable Atomic Multipole AMOEBA Force Field. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2921-2933. [PMID: 38507252 PMCID: PMC11008096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Accurately predicting protein behavior across diverse pH environments remains a significant challenge in biomolecular simulations. Existing constant-pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) algorithms are limited to fixed-charge force fields, hindering their application to biomolecular systems described by permanent atomic multipoles or induced dipoles. This work overcomes these limitations by introducing the first polarizable CpHMD algorithm in the context of the Atomic Multipole Optimized Energetics for Biomolecular Applications (AMOEBA) force field. Additionally, our implementation in the open-source Force Field X (FFX) software has the unique ability to handle titration state changes for crystalline systems including flexible support for all 230 space groups. The evaluation of constant-pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) with the AMOEBA force field was performed on 11 crystalline peptide systems that span the titrating amino acids (Asp, Glu, His, Lys, and Cys). Titration states were correctly predicted for 15 out of the 16 amino acids present in the 11 systems, including for the coordination of Zn2+ by cysteines. The lone exception was for a HIS-ALA peptide where CpHMD predicted both neutral histidine tautomers to be equally populated, whereas the experimental model did not consider multiple conformers and diffraction data are unavailable for rerefinement. This work demonstrates the promise polarizable CpHMD simulations for pKa predictions, the study of biochemical mechanisms such as the catalytic triad of proteases, and for improved protein-ligand binding affinity accuracy in the context of pharmaceutical lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
C. Thiel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Matthew J. Speranza
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sanika Jadhav
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Lewis L. Stevens
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Office
of the Vice President for Research, University
of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United
States
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jay W. Ponder
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University in St.
Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United
States
| | - Jana Shen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Michael J. Schnieders
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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7
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Persky V, Abasilim C, Tsintsifas K, Day T, Sargis RM, Daviglus M, Cai J, Freels S, Kaplan R, Isasi CR, Pirzada A, Meyer ML, Talavera GA, Thyagarajan B, Agarwal S, Chavez N, Grieco A, Turyk ME. Thyroid Hormones and Diabetes in Euthyroid Hispanic/Latino Adults of Diverse Backgrounds: HCHS/SOL. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae039. [PMID: 38623380 PMCID: PMC11017329 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Previous studies have demonstrated associations of endogenous thyroid hormones with diabetes; less is known about stages of diabetes development at which they are operative, mechanisms of associations, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Objective This study examined associations of thyroid hormones with incident prediabetes and diabetes and with changes in glycemic traits in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), the largest cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults with diverse backgrounds in the United States. Methods The study includes 592 postmenopausal euthyroid women and 868 euthyroid men aged 45 to 74 years without diabetes at baseline participating in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Baseline hormones included thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and indices calculated from thyroid hormones evaluating pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormone. Transitions to diabetes and prediabetes, and changes in glycemic traits determined at the 6-year follow-up visit, were examined using multivariable Poisson and linear regressions. Results Among women, T3 (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.24; P = .001) and TSH (IRR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.01-4.33; P = .047) were positively, while FT4 (IRR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.88; P = .011) was inversely, associated with transition from prediabetes to diabetes. Among men, the T3/FT4 ratio was positively associated with transition from normoglycemia to prediabetes but not from prediabetes to diabetes. Indices measuring sensitivity of the pituitary to thyroid hormone suggested increased sensitivity in men who transitioned from prediabetes to diabetes. Conclusion Positive associations in women of T3 and TSH and inverse associations of FT4, as well as inverse associations of thyroid indices in men with transition from prediabetes to diabetes, but not from normoglycemia to diabetes, suggest decreased pituitary sensitivity to thyroid hormones in women and increased sensitivity in men later in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Persky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chibuzor Abasilim
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Konstantina Tsintsifas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tessa Day
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago and Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sally Freels
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noel Chavez
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Arielle Grieco
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary E Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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8
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Sang J, Dhakal S, Shrestha B, Nath DK, Kim Y, Ganguly A, Montell C, Lee Y. A single pair of pharyngeal neurons functions as a commander to reject high salt in Drosophila melanogaster. eLife 2024; 12:RP93464. [PMID: 38573740 PMCID: PMC10994663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt (NaCl), is an essential nutrient for survival, while excessive salt can be detrimental. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, internal taste organs in the pharynx are critical gatekeepers impacting the decision to accept or reject a food. Currently, our understanding of the mechanism through which pharyngeal gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) sense high salt are rudimentary. Here, we found that a member of the ionotropic receptor family, Ir60b, is expressed exclusively in a pair of GRNs activated by high salt. Using a two-way choice assay (DrosoX) to measure ingestion volume, we demonstrate that IR60b and two co-receptors IR25a and IR76b are required to prevent high salt consumption. Mutants lacking external taste organs but retaining the internal taste organs in the pharynx exhibit much higher salt avoidance than flies with all taste organs but missing the three IRs. Our findings highlight the vital role for IRs in a pharyngeal GRN to control ingestion of high salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Subash Dhakal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Nath
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Anindya Ganguly
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Craig Montell
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraUnited States
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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9
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Wang H, Ali Y, Max L. Perceptual formant discrimination during speech movement planning. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301514. [PMID: 38564597 PMCID: PMC10986972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Evoked potential studies have shown that speech planning modulates auditory cortical responses. The phenomenon's functional relevance is unknown. We tested whether, during this time window of cortical auditory modulation, there is an effect on speakers' perceptual sensitivity for vowel formant discrimination. Participants made same/different judgments for pairs of stimuli consisting of a pre-recorded, self-produced vowel and a formant-shifted version of the same production. Stimuli were presented prior to a "go" signal for speaking, prior to passive listening, and during silent reading. The formant discrimination stimulus /uh/ was tested with a congruent productions list (words with /uh/) and an incongruent productions list (words without /uh/). Logistic curves were fitted to participants' responses, and the just-noticeable difference (JND) served as a measure of discrimination sensitivity. We found a statistically significant effect of condition (worst discrimination before speaking) without congruency effect. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that JND was significantly greater before speaking than during silent reading. Thus, formant discrimination sensitivity was reduced during speech planning regardless of the congruence between discrimination stimulus and predicted acoustic consequences of the planned speech movements. This finding may inform ongoing efforts to determine the functional relevance of the previously reported modulation of auditory processing during speech planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Wang
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ludo Max
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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10
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Hosseini EA, Schrimpf M, Zhang Y, Bowman S, Zaslavsky N, Fedorenko E. Artificial Neural Network Language Models Predict Human Brain Responses to Language Even After a Developmentally Realistic Amount of Training. Neurobiol Lang (Camb) 2024; 5:43-63. [PMID: 38645622 PMCID: PMC11025646 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Artificial neural networks have emerged as computationally plausible models of human language processing. A major criticism of these models is that the amount of training data they receive far exceeds that of humans during language learning. Here, we use two complementary approaches to ask how the models' ability to capture human fMRI responses to sentences is affected by the amount of training data. First, we evaluate GPT-2 models trained on 1 million, 10 million, 100 million, or 1 billion words against an fMRI benchmark. We consider the 100-million-word model to be developmentally plausible in terms of the amount of training data given that this amount is similar to what children are estimated to be exposed to during the first 10 years of life. Second, we test the performance of a GPT-2 model trained on a 9-billion-token dataset to reach state-of-the-art next-word prediction performance on the human benchmark at different stages during training. Across both approaches, we find that (i) the models trained on a developmentally plausible amount of data already achieve near-maximal performance in capturing fMRI responses to sentences. Further, (ii) lower perplexity-a measure of next-word prediction performance-is associated with stronger alignment with human data, suggesting that models that have received enough training to achieve sufficiently high next-word prediction performance also acquire representations of sentences that are predictive of human fMRI responses. In tandem, these findings establish that although some training is necessary for the models' predictive ability, a developmentally realistic amount of training (∼100 million words) may suffice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eghbal A. Hosseini
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Schrimpf
- The MIT Quest for Intelligence Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yian Zhang
- Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Bowman
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Linguistics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Computer Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noga Zaslavsky
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- K. Lisa Yang Integrative Computational Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Language Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The MIT Quest for Intelligence Initiative, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Hirose K, Li SZ, Gill R, Hartsock J. Pneumococcal Meningitis Induces Hearing Loss and Cochlear Ossification Modulated by Chemokine Receptors CX3CR1 and CCR2. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024; 25:179-199. [PMID: 38472515 PMCID: PMC11018586 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-024-00935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pneumococcal meningitis is a major cause of hearing loss and permanent neurological impairment despite widely available antimicrobial therapies to control infection. Methods to improve hearing outcomes for those who survive bacterial meningitis remains elusive. We used a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis to evaluate the impact of mononuclear phagocytes on hearing outcomes and cochlear ossification by altering the expression of CX3CR1 and CCR2 in these infected mice. METHODS We induced pneumococcal meningitis in approximately 500 C57Bl6 adult mice using live Streptococcus pneumoniae (serotype 3, 1 × 105 colony forming units (cfu) in 10 µl) injected directly into the cisterna magna of anesthetized mice and treated these mice with ceftriaxone daily until recovered. We evaluated hearing thresholds over time, characterized the cochlear inflammatory response, and quantified the amount of new bone formation during meningitis recovery. We used microcomputed tomography (microCT) scans to quantify cochlear volume loss caused by neo-ossification. We also performed perilymph sampling in live mice to assess the integrity of the blood-perilymph barrier during various time intervals after meningitis. We then evaluated the effect of CX3CR1 or CCR2 deletion in meningitis symptoms, hearing loss, macrophage/monocyte recruitment, neo-ossification, and blood labyrinth barrier function. RESULTS Sixty percent of mice with pneumococcal meningitis developed hearing loss. Cochlear fibrosis could be detected within 4 days of infection, and neo-ossification by 14 days. Loss of spiral ganglion neurons was common, and inner ear anatomy was distorted by scarring caused by new soft tissue and bone deposited within the scalae. The blood-perilymph barrier was disrupted at 3 days post infection (DPI) and was restored by seven DPI. Both CCR2 and CX3CR1 monocytes and macrophages were present in the cochlea in large numbers after infection. Neither chemokine receptor was necessary for the induction of hearing loss, cochlear fibrosis, ossification, or disruption of the blood-perilymph barrier. CCR2 knockout (KO) mice suffered the most severe hearing loss. CX3CR1 KO mice demonstrated an intermediate phenotype with greater susceptibility to hearing loss compared to control mice. Elimination of CX3CR1 mononuclear phagocytes during the first 2 weeks after meningitis in CX3CR1-DTR transgenic mice did not protect mice from any of the systemic or hearing sequelae of pneumococcal meningitis. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococcal meningitis can have devastating effects on cochlear structure and function, although not all mice experienced hearing loss or cochlear damage. Meningitis can result in rapid progression of hearing loss with fibrosis starting at four DPI and ossification within 2 weeks of infection detectable by light microscopy. The inflammatory response to bacterial meningitis is robust and can affect all three scalae. Our results suggest that CCR2 may assist in controlling infection and maintaining cochlear patency, as CCR2 knockout mice experienced more severe disease, more rapid hearing loss, and more advanced cochlear ossification after pneumococcal meningitis. CX3CR1 also may play an important role in the maintenance of cochlear patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hirose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8115, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Song Zhe Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8115, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ruth Gill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8115, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jared Hartsock
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8115, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Turner Scientific, Jacksonville, IL, USA
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12
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Shera CA. Swept Along: Measuring Otoacoustic Emissions Using Continuously Varying Stimuli. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024; 25:91-102. [PMID: 38409555 PMCID: PMC11018600 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-024-00934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At the 2004 Midwinter Meeting of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Glenis Long and her colleagues introduced a method for measuring distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) using primary-tone stimuli whose instantaneous frequencies vary continuously with time. In contrast to standard OAE measurement methods, in which emissions are measured in the sinusoidal steady state using discrete tones of well-defined frequency, the swept-tone method sweeps across frequency, often at rates exceeding 1 oct/s. The resulting response waveforms are then analyzed using an appropriate filter (e.g., by least-squares fitting). Although introduced as a convenient way of studying DPOAE fine structure by separating the total OAE into distortion and reflection components, the swept-tone method has since been extended to stimulus-frequency emissions and has proved an efficient and valuable tool for probing cochlear mechanics. One day-a long time coming-swept tones may even find their way into the audiology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Shera
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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13
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Schneider JM, Scott TL, Legault J, Qi Z. Limited but specific engagement of the mature language network during linguistic statistical learning. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae123. [PMID: 38566510 PMCID: PMC10987970 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Statistical learning (SL) is the ability to detect and learn regularities from input and is foundational to language acquisition. Despite the dominant role of SL as a theoretical construct for language development, there is a lack of direct evidence supporting the shared neural substrates underlying language processing and SL. It is also not clear whether the similarities, if any, are related to linguistic processing, or statistical regularities in general. The current study tests whether the brain regions involved in natural language processing are similarly recruited during auditory, linguistic SL. Twenty-two adults performed an auditory linguistic SL task, an auditory nonlinguistic SL task, and a passive story listening task as their neural activation was monitored. Within the language network, the left posterior temporal gyrus showed sensitivity to embedded speech regularities during auditory, linguistic SL, but not auditory, nonlinguistic SL. Using a multivoxel pattern similarity analysis, we uncovered similarities between the neural representation of auditory, linguistic SL, and language processing within the left posterior temporal gyrus. No other brain regions showed similarities between linguistic SL and language comprehension, suggesting that a shared neurocomputational process for auditory SL and natural language processing within the left posterior temporal gyrus is specific to linguistic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Schneider
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, 77 Hatcher Hall, Field House Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
- Department of Linguistics & Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, 125 E Main St, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Terri L Scott
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Jennifer Legault
- Department of Psychology, Elizabethtown College, One Alpha Dr, Elizabethtown, PA 17022, United States
| | - Zhenghan Qi
- Department of Linguistics & Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, 125 E Main St, Newark, DE 19716, United States
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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14
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Antonello R, Huth A. Predictive Coding or Just Feature Discovery? An Alternative Account of Why Language Models Fit Brain Data. Neurobiol Lang (Camb) 2024; 5:64-79. [PMID: 38645616 PMCID: PMC11025645 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Many recent studies have shown that representations drawn from neural network language models are extremely effective at predicting brain responses to natural language. But why do these models work so well? One proposed explanation is that language models and brains are similar because they have the same objective: to predict upcoming words before they are perceived. This explanation is attractive because it lends support to the popular theory of predictive coding. We provide several analyses that cast doubt on this claim. First, we show that the ability to predict future words does not uniquely (or even best) explain why some representations are a better match to the brain than others. Second, we show that within a language model, representations that are best at predicting future words are strictly worse brain models than other representations. Finally, we argue in favor of an alternative explanation for the success of language models in neuroscience: These models are effective at predicting brain responses because they generally capture a wide variety of linguistic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Antonello
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Huth
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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15
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Jain S, Vo VA, Wehbe L, Huth AG. Computational Language Modeling and the Promise of In Silico Experimentation. Neurobiol Lang (Camb) 2024; 5:80-106. [PMID: 38645624 PMCID: PMC11025654 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Language neuroscience currently relies on two major experimental paradigms: controlled experiments using carefully hand-designed stimuli, and natural stimulus experiments. These approaches have complementary advantages which allow them to address distinct aspects of the neurobiology of language, but each approach also comes with drawbacks. Here we discuss a third paradigm-in silico experimentation using deep learning-based encoding models-that has been enabled by recent advances in cognitive computational neuroscience. This paradigm promises to combine the interpretability of controlled experiments with the generalizability and broad scope of natural stimulus experiments. We show four examples of simulating language neuroscience experiments in silico and then discuss both the advantages and caveats of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailee Jain
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Vy A. Vo
- Brain-Inspired Computing Lab, Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Leila Wehbe
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G. Huth
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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16
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Harrington RM, Kristinsson S, Wilmskoetter J, Busby N, den Ouden D, Rorden C, Fridriksson J, Bonilha L. Dissociating reading and auditory comprehension in persons with aphasia. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae102. [PMID: 38585671 PMCID: PMC10998352 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Language comprehension is often affected in individuals with post-stroke aphasia. However, deficits in auditory comprehension are not fully correlated with deficits in reading comprehension and the mechanisms underlying this dissociation remain unclear. This distinction is important for understanding language mechanisms, predicting long-term impairments and future development of treatment interventions. Using comprehensive auditory and reading measures from a large cohort of individuals with aphasia, we evaluated the relationship between aphasia type and reading comprehension impairments, the relationship between auditory versus reading comprehension deficits and the crucial neuroanatomy supporting the dissociation between post-stroke reading and auditory deficits. Scores from the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised from 70 participants with aphasia after a left-hemisphere stroke were utilized to evaluate both reading and auditory comprehension of linguistically equivalent stimuli. Repeated-measures and univariate ANOVA were used to assess the relationship between auditory comprehension and aphasia types and correlations were employed to test the relationship between reading and auditory comprehension deficits. Lesion-symptom mapping was used to determine the dissociation of crucial brain structures supporting reading comprehension deficits controlling for auditory deficits and vice versa. Participants with Broca's or global aphasia had the worst performance on reading comprehension. Auditory comprehension explained 26% of the variance in reading comprehension for sentence completion and 44% for following sequential commands. Controlling for auditory comprehension, worse reading comprehension performance was independently associated with damage to the inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, posterior inferior temporal gyrus, inferior occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus and posterior thalamic radiation. Auditory and reading comprehension are only partly correlated in aphasia. Reading is an integral part of daily life and directly associated with quality of life and functional outcomes. This study demonstrated that reading performance is directly related to lesioned areas in the boundaries between visual association regions and ventral stream language areas. This behavioural and neuroanatomical dissociation provides information about the neurobiology of language and mechanisms for potential future treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Harrington
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Center for Research on the Challenges of Acquiring Language and Literacy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Sigfus Kristinsson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Janina Wilmskoetter
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, USA
| | - Natalie Busby
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Dirk den Ouden
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Chris Rorden
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- School of Medicine Columbia, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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17
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Kabakoff H, Yu L, Friedman D, Dugan P, Doyle WK, Devinsky O, Flinker A. Timing and location of speech errors induced by direct cortical stimulation. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae053. [PMID: 38505231 PMCID: PMC10948744 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical regions supporting speech production are commonly established using neuroimaging techniques in both research and clinical settings. However, for neurosurgical purposes, structural function is routinely mapped peri-operatively using direct electrocortical stimulation. While this method is the gold standard for identification of eloquent cortical regions to preserve in neurosurgical patients, there is lack of specificity of the actual underlying cognitive processes being interrupted. To address this, we propose mapping the temporal dynamics of speech arrest across peri-sylvian cortices by quantifying the latency between stimulation and speech deficits. In doing so, we are able to substantiate hypotheses about distinct region-specific functional roles (e.g. planning versus motor execution). In this retrospective observational study, we analysed 20 patients (12 female; age range 14-43) with refractory epilepsy who underwent continuous extra-operative intracranial EEG monitoring of an automatic speech task during clinical bedside language mapping. Latency to speech arrest was calculated as time from stimulation onset to speech arrest onset, controlling for individual speech rate. Most instances of motor-based arrest (87.5% of 96 instances) were in sensorimotor cortex with mid-range latencies to speech arrest with a distributional peak at 0.47 s. Speech arrest occurred in numerous regions, with relatively short latencies in supramarginal gyrus (0.46 s), superior temporal gyrus (0.51 s) and middle temporal gyrus (0.54 s), followed by relatively long latencies in sensorimotor cortex (0.72 s) and especially long latencies in inferior frontal gyrus (0.95 s). Non-parametric testing for speech arrest revealed that region predicted latency; latencies in supramarginal gyrus and in superior temporal gyrus were shorter than in sensorimotor cortex and in inferior frontal gyrus. Sensorimotor cortex is primarily responsible for motor-based arrest. Latencies to speech arrest in supramarginal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (and to a lesser extent middle temporal gyrus) align with latencies to motor-based arrest in sensorimotor cortex. This pattern of relatively quick cessation of speech suggests that stimulating these regions interferes with the outgoing motor execution. In contrast, the latencies to speech arrest in inferior frontal gyrus and in ventral regions of sensorimotor cortex were significantly longer than those in temporoparietal regions. Longer latencies in the more frontal areas (including inferior frontal gyrus and ventral areas of precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus) suggest that stimulating these areas interrupts a higher-level speech production process involved in planning. These results implicate the ventral specialization of sensorimotor cortex (including both precentral and postcentral gyri) for speech planning above and beyond motor execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Kabakoff
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Leyao Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Patricia Dugan
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Werner K Doyle
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adeen Flinker
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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18
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Ortiz EA, Campbell PD, Nelson JC, Granato M. A single base pair substitution in zebrafish distinguishes between innate and acute startle behavior regulation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300529. [PMID: 38498506 PMCID: PMC10947677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioral thresholds define the lowest stimulus intensities sufficient to elicit a behavioral response. Establishment of baseline behavioral thresholds during development is critical for proper responses throughout the animal's life. Despite the relevance of such innate thresholds, the molecular mechanisms critical to establishing behavioral thresholds during development are not well understood. The acoustic startle response is a conserved behavior whose threshold is established during development yet is subsequently acutely regulated. We have previously identified a zebrafish mutant line (escapist) that displays a decreased baseline or innate acoustic startle threshold. Here, we identify a single base pair substitution on Chromosome 25 located within the coding sequence of the synaptotagmin 7a (syt7a) gene that is tightly linked to the escapist acoustic hypersensitivity phenotype. By generating animals in which we deleted the syt7a open reading frame, and subsequent complementation testing with the escapist line, we demonstrate that loss of syt7a function is not the cause of the escapist behavioral phenotype. Nonetheless, escapist mutants provide a powerful tool to decipher the overlap between acute and developmental regulation of behavioral thresholds. Extensive behavioral analyses reveal that in escapist mutants the establishment of the innate acoustic startle threshold is impaired, while regulation of its acute threshold remains intact. Moreover, our behavioral analyses reveal a deficit in baseline responses to visual stimuli, but not in the acute regulation of responses to visual stimuli. Together, this work eliminates loss of syt7a as causative for the escapist phenotype and suggests that mechanisms that regulate the establishment of behavioral thresholds in escapist larvae can operate independently from those regulating acute threshold regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elelbin A. Ortiz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
| | - Philip D. Campbell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Nelson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
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19
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Ito T, Bouguerra M, Bourhis M, Perrier P. Tongue reflex for speech posture control. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6386. [PMID: 38493261 PMCID: PMC10944480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Although there is no doubt from an empirical viewpoint that reflex mechanisms can contribute to tongue motor control in humans, there is limited neurophysiological evidence to support this idea. Previous results failing to observe any tonic stretch reflex in the tongue had reduced the likelihood of a reflex contribution in tongue motor control. The current study presents experimental evidence of a human tongue reflex in response to a sudden stretch while holding a posture for speech. The latency was relatively long (50 ms), which is possibly mediated through cortical-arc. The activation peak in a speech task was greater than in a non-speech task while background activation levels were similar in both tasks, and the peak amplitude in a speech task was not modulated by the additional task to react voluntarily to the perturbation. Computer simulations with a simplified linear mass-spring-damper model showed that the recorded muscle activation response is suited for the generation of tongue movement responses that were observed in a previous study with the appropriate timing when taking into account a possible physiological delay between reflex muscle activation and the corresponding force. Our results evidenced clearly that reflex mechanisms contribute to tongue posture stabilization for speech production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ito
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes), GIPSA-lab, 38000, Grenoble, France.
- GIPSA-lab, CNRS, 11 rue des Mathématiques, Grenoble Campus BP46, 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France.
| | - Mohamed Bouguerra
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes), GIPSA-lab, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Bourhis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes), GIPSA-lab, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Perrier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes), GIPSA-lab, 38000, Grenoble, France
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20
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Schmehl MN, Caruso VC, Chen Y, Jun NY, Willett SM, Mohl JT, Ruff DA, Cohen M, Ebihara AF, Freiwald WA, Tokdar ST, Groh JM. Multiple objects evoke fluctuating responses in several regions of the visual pathway. eLife 2024; 13:e91129. [PMID: 38489224 PMCID: PMC10942787 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
How neural representations preserve information about multiple stimuli is mysterious. Because tuning of individual neurons is coarse (e.g., visual receptive field diameters can exceed perceptual resolution), the populations of neurons potentially responsive to each individual stimulus can overlap, raising the question of how information about each item might be segregated and preserved in the population. We recently reported evidence for a potential solution to this problem: when two stimuli were present, some neurons in the macaque visual cortical areas V1 and V4 exhibited fluctuating firing patterns, as if they responded to only one individual stimulus at a time (Jun et al., 2022). However, whether such an information encoding strategy is ubiquitous in the visual pathway and thus could constitute a general phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we provide new evidence that such fluctuating activity is also evoked by multiple stimuli in visual areas responsible for processing visual motion (middle temporal visual area, MT), and faces (middle fundus and anterolateral face patches in inferotemporal cortex - areas MF and AL), thus extending the scope of circumstances in which fluctuating activity is observed. Furthermore, consistent with our previous results in the early visual area V1, MT exhibits fluctuations between the representations of two stimuli when these form distinguishable objects but not when they fuse into one perceived object, suggesting that fluctuating activity patterns may underlie visual object formation. Taken together, these findings point toward an updated model of how the brain preserves sensory information about multiple stimuli for subsequent processing and behavioral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith N Schmehl
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Valeria C Caruso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Yunran Chen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Na Young Jun
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Shawn M Willett
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jeff T Mohl
- American Medical Group AssociationAlexandriaUnited States
| | - Douglas A Ruff
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Marlene Cohen
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | | | | | - Surya T Tokdar
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Jennifer M Groh
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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21
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Hedrick NG, Wright WJ, Komiyama T. Local and global predictors of synapse elimination during motor learning. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk0540. [PMID: 38489360 PMCID: PMC10942101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
During learning, synaptic connections between excitatory neurons in the brain display considerable dynamism, with new connections being added and old connections eliminated. Synapse elimination offers an opportunity to understand the features of synapses that the brain deems dispensable. However, with limited observations of synaptic activity and plasticity in vivo, the features of synapses subjected to elimination remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the functional basis of synapse elimination in the apical dendrites of L2/3 neurons in the primary motor cortex throughout motor learning. We found no evidence that synapse elimination is facilitated by a lack of activity or other local forms of plasticity. Instead, eliminated synapses display asynchronous activity with nearby synapses, suggesting that functional synaptic clustering is a critical component of synapse survival. In addition, eliminated synapses show delayed activity timing with respect to postsynaptic output. Thus, synaptic inputs that fail to be co-active with their neighboring synapses or are mistimed with neuronal output are targeted for elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G. Hedrick
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William J. Wright
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Peters BA, Whalen A, Xue X, Topper EF, Weber KM, Tien PC, Kassaye SG, Minkoff H, Fox E, Fischl MA, Collins LF, Floris-Moore M, Hodis HN, Qi Q, Hanna DB, Sharma A, Anastos K, Kaplan RC. Subclinical Atherosclerosis Across the Menopausal Transition in Women With and Without HIV. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:780-785. [PMID: 37947273 PMCID: PMC10938198 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The menopausal transition is a pivotal time of cardiovascular risk, but knowledge is limited in HIV. We studied longitudinal carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (2004-2019; 979 women/3247 person-visits; 72% with HIV). Among women with HIV only, those who transitioned had greater age-related CIMT progression compared to those remaining premenopausal (difference in slope = 1.64 µm/year, P = .002); and CIMT increased over time in the pretransition (3.47 µm/year, P = .002) and during the menopausal transition (9.41 µm/year, P < .0001), but not posttransition (2.9 µm/year, P = .19). In women with HIV, menopause may accelerate subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by CIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Adam Whalen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Topper
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen M Weber
- CORE Center of Cook County Health and Hospital System/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Seble G Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ervin Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Margaret A Fischl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren F Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Floris-Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Departments of Medicine and Population and Public Health Sciences, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Redfield SE, De-la-Torre P, Zamani M, Wang H, Khan H, Morris T, Shariati G, Karimi M, Kenna MA, Seo GH, Xu H, Lu W, Naz S, Galehdari H, Indzhykulian AA, Shearer AE, Vona B. PKHD1L1, a gene involved in the stereocilia coat, causes autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum Genet 2024; 143:311-329. [PMID: 38459354 PMCID: PMC11043200 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Identification of genes associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss is a crucial endeavor given the substantial number of individuals who remain without a diagnosis after even the most advanced genetic testing. PKHD1L1 was established as necessary for the formation of the cochlear hair-cell stereociliary coat and causes hearing loss in mice and zebrafish when mutated. We sought to determine if biallelic variants in PKHD1L1 also cause hearing loss in humans. Exome sequencing was performed on DNA of four families segregating autosomal recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Compound heterozygous p.[(Gly129Ser)];p.[(Gly1314Val)] and p.[(Gly605Arg)];p[(Leu2818TyrfsTer5)], homozygous missense p.(His2479Gln) and nonsense p.(Arg3381Ter) variants were identified in PKHD1L1 that were predicted to be damaging using in silico pathogenicity prediction methods. In vitro functional analysis of two missense variants was performed using purified recombinant PKHD1L1 protein fragments. We then evaluated protein thermodynamic stability with and without the missense variants found in one of the families and performed a minigene splicing assay for another variant. In silico molecular modeling using AlphaFold2 and protein sequence alignment analysis were carried out to further explore potential variant effects on structure. In vitro functional assessment indicated that both engineered PKHD1L1 p.(Gly129Ser) and p.(Gly1314Val) mutant constructs significantly reduced the folding and structural stabilities of the expressed protein fragments, providing further evidence to support pathogenicity of these variants. Minigene assay of the c.1813G>A p.(Gly605Arg) variant, located at the boundary of exon 17, revealed exon skipping leading to an in-frame deletion of 48 amino acids. In silico molecular modeling exposed key structural features that might suggest PKHD1L1 protein destabilization. Multiple lines of evidence collectively associate PKHD1L1 with nonsyndromic mild-moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. PKHD1L1 testing in individuals with mild-moderate hearing loss may identify further affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E Redfield
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, BCH-3129, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pedro De-la-Torre
- Mass Eye and Ear, Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Kianpars, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hanjun Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hina Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tyler Morris
- Mass Eye and Ear, Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Shariati
- Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory, Kianpars, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Karimi
- Khuzestan Cochlear Implantation Center (Tabassom), Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Margaret A Kenna
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, BCH-3129, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Mass Eye and Ear, Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hongen Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxuebei Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Mass Eye and Ear, Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - A Eliot Shearer
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, BCH-3129, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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24
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Wang HT, Meisler SL, Sharmarke H, Clarke N, Gensollen N, Markiewicz CJ, Paugam F, Thirion B, Bellec P. Continuous evaluation of denoising strategies in resting-state fMRI connectivity using fMRIPrep and Nilearn. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011942. [PMID: 38498530 PMCID: PMC10977879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing contributions from non-neuronal sources is a crucial step in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity analyses. Many viable strategies for denoising fMRI are used in the literature, and practitioners rely on denoising benchmarks for guidance in the selection of an appropriate choice for their study. However, fMRI denoising software is an ever-evolving field, and the benchmarks can quickly become obsolete as the techniques or implementations change. In this work, we present a denoising benchmark featuring a range of denoising strategies, datasets and evaluation metrics for connectivity analyses, based on the popular fMRIprep software. The benchmark prototypes an implementation of a reproducible framework, where the provided Jupyter Book enables readers to reproduce or modify the figures on the Neurolibre reproducible preprint server (https://neurolibre.org/). We demonstrate how such a reproducible benchmark can be used for continuous evaluation of research software, by comparing two versions of the fMRIprep. Most of the benchmark results were consistent with prior literature. Scrubbing, a technique which excludes time points with excessive motion, combined with global signal regression, is generally effective at noise removal. Scrubbing was generally effective, but is incompatible with statistical analyses requiring the continuous sampling of brain signal, for which a simpler strategy, using motion parameters, average activity in select brain compartments, and global signal regression, is preferred. Importantly, we found that certain denoising strategies behave inconsistently across datasets and/or versions of fMRIPrep, or had a different behavior than in previously published benchmarks. This work will hopefully provide useful guidelines for the fMRIprep users community, and highlight the importance of continuous evaluation of research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ting Wang
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven L. Meisler
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanad Sharmarke
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natasha Clarke
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - François Paugam
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Computer Science and Operations Research Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Mila—Institut Québécois d’Intelligence Artificielle, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de recherche de l’institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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25
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Young TJ, Schneider KJ, Moberly A, Tamati T. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Real-world Functioning in Adult Cochlear-implant Users. Otol Neurotol Open 2024; 4:e048. [PMID: 38533345 PMCID: PMC10962884 DOI: 10.1097/ono.0000000000000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hypothesis As a result of COVID-19 lockdowns and the associated effects on the auditory-social environments of cochlear-implant (CI) users, we expected that adult CI users would report a decrease in real-world communication abilities, a decrease in social isolation, and a decrease in quality of life (QOL) from pre- to post-pandemic. Background The COVID-19 pandemic brought many changes to the environments in which adults with CIs interact and communicate. However, the impact of these changes on CI users' real-world functioning is not well understood. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on real-world communication abilities, social isolation, and CI-related QOL in adult CI users. Methods Fourteen adult CI users completed self-report questionnaires assessing communication abilities, social isolation, and CI-related QOL at time points before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses at the 2 time points were compared to evaluate changes in CI users' real-world functioning. Results Adult CI users showed a significant decrease in self-reported communication ability and a nonsignificant decline in CI-related QOL from before to during COVID-19. However, a nonsignificant trend of a decline in social isolation was also observed in adult CI users. Conclusion Findings showed a decrease in self-reported communication abilities and, to a lesser extent, CI-related QOL, suggesting that changes to the auditory-social environment brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic may have negatively impacted communication abilities in real-world, challenging environments. Yet, the potential decrease in social isolation suggests that these changes may have had an overall positive effect on social interaction, potentially with close family and friends in well-controlled environments. Assessing changes in real-world functioning in the same CI users from both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique glimpse into how changes in the auditory-social environment may impact outcomes in adult CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Young
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kara J Schneider
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Aaron Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Terrin Tamati
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Department Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Schauwecker N, Tamati TN, Moberly AC. Predicting Early Cochlear Implant Performance: Can Cognitive Testing Help? Otol Neurotol Open 2024; 4:e050. [PMID: 38533348 PMCID: PMC10962885 DOI: 10.1097/ono.0000000000000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction There is significant variability in speech recognition outcomes in adults who receive cochlear implants (CIs). Little is known regarding cognitive influences on very early CI performance, during which significant neural plasticity occurs. Methods Prospective study of 15 postlingually deafened adult CI candidates tested preoperatively with a battery of cognitive assessments. The mini-mental state exam (MMSE), forward digit span, Stroop measure of inhibition-concentration, and test of word reading efficiency were utilized to assess cognition. consonant-nucleus-consonant words, AZBio sentences in quiet, and AZBio sentences in noise (+10 dB SNR) were utilized to assess speech recognition at 1- and 3-months of CI use. Results Performance in all speech measures at 1-month was moderately correlated with preoperative MMSE, but these correlations were not strongly correlated after correcting for multiple comparisons. There were large correlations of forward digit span with 1-month AzBio quiet (P ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.762) and AzBio noise (P ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.860), both of which were strong after correction. At 3 months, forward digit span was strongly predictive of AzBio noise (P ≤ 0.001, rho = 0.786), which was strongly correlated after correction. Changes in speech recognition scores were not correlated with preoperative cognitive test scores. Conclusions Working memory capacity significantly predicted early CI sentence recognition performance in our small cohort, while other cognitive functions assessed did not. These results differ from prior studies predicting longer-term outcomes. Findings and further studies may lead to better preoperative counseling and help identify patients who require closer evaluation to ensure optimal CI performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Schauwecker
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Terrin N. Tamati
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron C. Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Mok BA, Viswanathan V, Borjigin A, Singh R, Kafi H, Bharadwaj HM. Web-based psychoacoustics: Hearing screening, infrastructure, and validation. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1433-1448. [PMID: 37326771 PMCID: PMC10704001 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anonymous web-based experiments are increasingly used in many domains of behavioral research. However, online studies of auditory perception, especially of psychoacoustic phenomena pertaining to low-level sensory processing, are challenging because of limited available control of the acoustics, and the inability to perform audiometry to confirm normal-hearing status of participants. Here, we outline our approach to mitigate these challenges and validate our procedures by comparing web-based measurements to lab-based data on a range of classic psychoacoustic tasks. Individual tasks were created using jsPsych, an open-source JavaScript front-end library. Dynamic sequences of psychoacoustic tasks were implemented using Django, an open-source library for web applications, and combined with consent pages, questionnaires, and debriefing pages. Subjects were recruited via Prolific, a subject recruitment platform for web-based studies. Guided by a meta-analysis of lab-based data, we developed and validated a screening procedure to select participants for (putative) normal-hearing status based on their responses in a suprathreshold task and a survey. Headphone use was standardized by supplementing procedures from prior literature with a binaural hearing task. Individuals meeting all criteria were re-invited to complete a range of classic psychoacoustic tasks. For the re-invited participants, absolute thresholds were in excellent agreement with lab-based data for fundamental frequency discrimination, gap detection, and sensitivity to interaural time delay and level difference. Furthermore, word identification scores, consonant confusion patterns, and co-modulation masking release effect also matched lab-based studies. Our results suggest that web-based psychoacoustics is a viable complement to lab-based research. Source code for our infrastructure is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Mok
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vibha Viswanathan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Agudemu Borjigin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ravinderjit Singh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Homeira Kafi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hari M Bharadwaj
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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28
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O’Brien MJ, Pauls AM, Schieltz KM, McComas JJ, Ringdahl JE. Mand Modality Preference Assessments among High- and Low-Tech Options for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Behav Anal Pract 2024; 17:228-245. [PMID: 38405296 PMCID: PMC10891038 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The extant literature demonstrates that individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) exhibit preferences among communication modalities when multiple modalities are available and produce reinforcement on identical reinforcement schedules. High- and low-tech communication options, such as voice output devices and picture cards, are commonly recommended for individuals with limited vocal communication skills. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review of research studies that implemented mand modality preference assessments (MMPAs) that included both a high- and low-tech communication option with individuals with IDD. We identified 27 studies meeting our inclusion criteria and summarized the participant demographics, MMPA design and procedural variations, and MMPA outcomes. The results suggested that high-tech communication options were generally more preferred over low-tech options. However, there was a high degree of variability in how the studies were conducted and conclusions were reached. We discuss some of the current research gaps and the implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. O’Brien
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA USA
- 146 CDD, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | | | - Kelly M. Schieltz
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA USA
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29
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Kelly JL, Cosetti M, Lubetzky AV. Can head sway patterns differentiate between patients with Meniere's disease vs. peripheral vestibular hypofunction? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1347335. [PMID: 38487324 PMCID: PMC10937734 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1347335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Meniere's disease (MD) is defined by episodic vertigo, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and fluctuating aural symptoms. Due to the variable clinical presentation, objective tests of MD may have significant diagnostic utility. Head kinematics derived from a head-mounted display (HMD) have demonstrated to be sensitive to vestibular dysfunction. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether head sway can differentiate between patients with MD, vestibular hypofunction (VH) and healthy controls. Materials/methods 80 adults (30 healthy controls, 32 with VH, and 18 with MD) were recruited from a tertiary vestibular clinic. All underwent a postural control assessment using the HTC Vive Pro Eye HMD that recorded head sway in the anterior-posterior (AP), medio-lateral (ML), pitch, yaw and roll direction. Participants were tested with 2 levels of visual load: a static versus oscillating star display. Each scene lasted 60 s and was repeated twice. Sway in each direction was quantified using root mean square velocity (VRMS) for the first 20 s and full 60 s of each scene. Results Static visual: participants with VH showed significantly larger head VRMS than controls in the AP (60 s and 20 s) and pitch (20 s) directions. Dynamic visual: participants with VH showed significantly larger head VRMS than controls all directions for both the 60 and 20 s analysis. Participants with MD did not differ significantly from the control or the VH group. Conclusion While limited in numbers, Patients with MD had a high variability in head sway in all directions, and their average head sway was between controls and those with VH. A larger sample as well as patients with worse symptoms at time of testing could elucidate whether head sway via HMD could become a viable test in this population. A similar finding between 20- and 60-s scene and the full portability of the system with an in-clinic testing setup could help these future endeavors. Head sway derived from HMD is sensitive to VH and can be clinically useful as an outcome measure to evaluate sensory integration for postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Kelly
- Ear Institute, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maura Cosetti
- Ear Institute, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anat V. Lubetzky
- Department of Physical Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Williams E, Pauley A, Dewan A. The behavioral sensitivity of mice to acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298448. [PMID: 38394306 PMCID: PMC10890753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a large class of naturally occurring fragrant molecules. These chemicals are commonly used in olfactory studies to survey neural activity and probe the behavioral limits of odor discrimination. Monoterpenes (typically in the form of essential oils) have been used for centuries for therapeutic purposes and have pivotal roles in various biological and medical applications. Despite their importance for multiple lines of research using rodent models and the role of the olfactory system in detecting these volatile chemicals, the murine sensitivity to monoterpenes remains mostly unexplored. We assayed the ability of C57BL/6J mice to detect nine different monoterpenes (the acyclic monoterpenes: geraniol, citral, and linalool; the monocyclic monoterpenes: r-limonene, s-limonene, and γ-terpinene; and the bicyclic monoterpenes: eucalyptol, α-pinene, and β-pinene) using a head-fixed Go / No-Go operant conditioning assay. We found that mice can reliably detect monoterpene concentrations in the low parts per billion (ppb) range. Specifically, mice were most sensitive to geraniol (threshold: 0.7 ppb) and least sensitive to γ-terpinene (threshold: 18.1 ppb). These estimations of sensitivity serve to set the lower limit of relevant monoterpene concentrations for functional experiments in mice. To define an upper limit, we estimated the maximum concentrations that a mouse may experience in nature by collating published headspace analyses of monoterpene concentrations emitted from natural sources. We found that natural monoterpenes concentrations typically ranged from ~1 to 1000 ppb. It is our hope that this dataset will help researchers use appropriate monoterpene concentrations for functional studies and provide context for the vapor-phase delivery of these chemicals in studies investigating their biological activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Williams
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Austin Pauley
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Adam Dewan
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
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Kawles A, Keszycki R, Minogue G, Zouridakis A, Ayala I, Gill N, Macomber A, Lubbat V, Coventry C, Rogalski E, Weintraub S, Mao Q, Flanagan ME, Zhang H, Castellani R, Bigio EH, Mesulam MM, Geula C, Gefen T. Phenotypically concordant distribution of pick bodies in aphasic versus behavioral dementias. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:31. [PMID: 38389095 PMCID: PMC10885488 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pick's disease (PiD) is a subtype of the tauopathy form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau) characterized by intraneuronal 3R-tau inclusions. PiD can underly various dementia syndromes, including primary progressive aphasia (PPA), characterized by an isolated and progressive impairment of language and left-predominant atrophy, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), characterized by progressive dysfunction in personality and bilateral frontotemporal atrophy. In this study, we investigated the neocortical and hippocampal distributions of Pick bodies in bvFTD and PPA to establish clinicopathologic concordance between PiD and the salience of the aphasic versus behavioral phenotype. Eighteen right-handed cases with PiD as the primary pathologic diagnosis were identified from the Northwestern University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center brain bank (bvFTD, N = 9; PPA, N = 9). Paraffin-embedded sections were stained immunohistochemically with AT8 to visualize Pick bodies, and unbiased stereological analysis was performed in up to six regions bilaterally [middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), anterior temporal lobe (ATL), dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 of the hippocampus], and unilateral occipital cortex (OCC). In bvFTD, peak neocortical densities of Pick bodies were in the MFG, while the ATL was the most affected in PPA. Both the IPL and STG had greater leftward pathology in PPA, with the latter reaching significance (p < 0.01). In bvFTD, Pick body densities were significantly right-asymmetric in the STG (p < 0.05). Hippocampal burden was not clinicopathologically concordant, as both bvFTD and PPA cases demonstrated significant hippocampal pathology compared to neocortical densities (p < 0.0001). Inclusion-to-neuron analyses in a subset of PPA cases confirmed that neurons in the DG are disproportionately burdened with inclusions compared to neocortical areas. Overall, stereological quantitation suggests that the distribution of neocortical Pick body pathology is concordant with salient clinical features unique to PPA vs. bvFTD while raising intriguing questions about the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to 3R-tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel Keszycki
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace Minogue
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antonia Zouridakis
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Ayala
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan Gill
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alyssa Macomber
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vivienne Lubbat
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Coventry
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rudolph Castellani
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Kurbatfinski N, Kramer CN, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Corrigendum: ESKAPEE pathogens newly released from biofilm residence by a targeted monoclonal are sensitized to killing by traditional antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382491. [PMID: 38426051 PMCID: PMC10903342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1202215.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Kurbatfinski
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cameron N. Kramer
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Steven D. Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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Nguyen DM, Lo CY, Guo T, Choi T, Sundar S, Swain Z, Wu Y, Dhong C, Kayser LV. One Pot Photomediated Formation of Electrically Conductive Hydrogels. ACS Polym Au 2024; 4:34-44. [PMID: 38371732 PMCID: PMC10870748 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Electrically conductive hydrogels represent an innovative platform for the development of bioelectronic devices. While photolithography technologies have enabled the fabrication of complex architectures with high resolution, photoprinting conductive hydrogels is still a challenging task because the conductive polymer absorbs light which can outcompete photopolymerization of the insulating scaffold. In this study, we introduce an approach to synthesizing conductive hydrogels in one step. Our approach combines the simultaneous photo-cross-linking of a polymeric scaffold and the polymerization of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT), without additional photocatalysts. This process involves the copolymerization of photo-cross-linkable coumarin-containing monomers with sodium styrenesulfonate to produce a water-soluble poly(styrenesulfonate-co-coumarin acrylate) (P(SS-co-CoumAc)) copolymer. Our findings reveal that optimizing the [SS]:[CoumAc] ratio at 100:5 results in hydrogels with the strain at break up to 16%. This mechanical resilience is coupled with an electronic conductivity of 9.2 S m-1 suitable for wearable electronics. Furthermore, the conductive hydrogels can be photopatterned to achieve micrometer-sized structures with high resolution. The photo-cross-linked hydrogels are used as electrodes to record stable and reliable surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. These novel photo-cross-linkable polymers combined with one-pot PEDOT (poly-EDOT) polymerization open possibilities for rapidly prototyping complex bioelectronic devices and creating custom-designed interfaces between electronics and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan My Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Chun-Yuan Lo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tianzheng Guo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Taewook Choi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shalini Sundar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Zachary Swain
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Charles Dhong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Laure V. Kayser
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Kunnath AJ, Sack DE, Wilkins CH. Relative predictive value of sociodemographic factors for chronic diseases among All of Us participants: a descriptive analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:405. [PMID: 38326799 PMCID: PMC10851469 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sociodemographic characteristics are associated with health disparities, the relative predictive value of different social and demographic factors remains largely unknown. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of All of Us participants and evaluate the predictive value of each factor for chronic diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis using de-identified survey data from the All of Us Research Program, which has collected social, demographic, and health information from adults living in the United States since May 2018. Sociodemographic data included self-reported age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, income, education, health insurance, primary care provider (PCP) status, and health literacy scores. We analyzed the self-reported prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, any cancer, skin cancer, lung disease, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. Finally, we assessed the relative importance of each sociodemographic factor for predicting each chronic disease using the adequacy index for each predictor from logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 372,050 participants in this analysis, the median age was 53 years, 59.8% reported female sex, and the most common racial/ethnic categories were White (54.0%), Black (19.9%), and Hispanic/Latino (16.7%). Participants who identified as Asian, Middle Eastern/North African, and White were the most likely to report annual incomes greater than $200,000, advanced degrees, and employer or union insurance, while participants who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander were the most likely to report annual incomes less than $10,000, less than a high school education, and Medicaid insurance. We found that age was most predictive of hypertension, coronary artery disease, any cancer, skin cancer, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. Insurance type was most predictive of lung disease. Notably, no two health conditions had the same order of importance for sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Age was the best predictor for the assessed chronic diseases, but the relative predictive value of income, education, health insurance, PCP status, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation was highly variable across health conditions. Identifying the sociodemographic groups with the largest disparities in a specific disease can guide future interventions to promote health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley J Kunnath
- Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel E Sack
- Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Consuelo H Wilkins
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End, Suite 600, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
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McAllister T, Preston JL, Ochs L, Hill J, Hitchcock ER. Comparing online versus laboratory measures of speech perception in older children and adolescents. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297530. [PMID: 38324559 PMCID: PMC10849252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of online data collection, it is important to know how behavioral data obtained online compare to samples collected in the laboratory. This study compares online and in-person measurement of speech perception in older children and adolescents. Speech perception is important for assessment and treatment planning in speech-language pathology; we focus on the American English /ɹ/ sound because of its frequency as a clinical target. Two speech perception tasks were adapted for web presentation using Gorilla: identification of items along a synthetic continuum from rake to wake, and category goodness judgment of English /ɹ/ sounds in words produced by various talkers with and without speech sound disorder. Fifty typical children aged 9-15 completed these tasks online using a standard headset. These data were compared to a previous sample of 98 typical children aged 9-15 who completed the same tasks in the lab setting. For the identification task, participants exhibited smaller boundary widths (suggestive of more acute perception) in the in-person setting relative to the online setting. For the category goodness judgment task, there was no statistically significant effect of modality. The correlation between scores on the two tasks was significant in the online setting but not in the in-person setting, but the difference in correlation strength was not statistically significant. Overall, our findings agree with previous research in suggesting that online and in-person data collection do not yield identical results, but the two contexts tend to support the same broad conclusions. In addition, these results suggest that online data collection can make it easier for researchers connect with a more representative sample of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara McAllister
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Preston
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Ochs
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Hill
- Department of Applied Statistics, Social Sciences, and Humanities, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elaine R. Hitchcock
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
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36
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Martens A, Phillips H, Hines M, Zimmerman E. An examination of the association between infant non-nutritive suck and developmental outcomes at 12 months. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298016. [PMID: 38315689 PMCID: PMC10843074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between infant non-nutritive suck (NNS) dynamics at 3 months and developmental outcomes at 12 months of age in full-term infants. We hypothesized that infants with more mature NNS at 3 months, as evidence by shorter burst duration, fewer cycles per burst, cycles per minute, higher amplitude, and more bursts, would have higher (better) scores on the developmental outcomes at 12 months. METHODS This was a prospective study that utilized objective and self-report measures. A five-minute NNS sample was collected from 67 infants (54% male) at 3 months of age (average age 2.99 (0.27) months). At 12 months (average age 11.91 (0.26) months), the Development Profile-3 was administered through caregiver interview. RESULTS Infant NNS burst duration, cycles per burst, and cycles per minute were significantly negatively associated with the Development Profile-3 cognitive domain and general scores at 12 months. This is consistent with our hypothesis that infants who have more efficient NNS (fewer bursts and cycles) at 3 months would have higher (better) scores on the Development Profile-3 at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this work complement emerging research linking infant NNS with subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes. This is the first time that these associations have been examined using a quantitative and physiologic-based measure of NNS. These results seem to indicate that specific NNS metrics, which demonstrate maturation of this complex skill, may be useful predictors of neurodevelopment later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina Martens
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hannah Phillips
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Morgan Hines
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Skow LF, Sharrett AR, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Deal JA, Palta P, Sullivan KJ, Griswold ME, Schrack JA, Windham BG. Mid-Life Vascular Risk and Rate of Physical Function Decline Among Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad210. [PMID: 37659100 PMCID: PMC10809050 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical function and its decline in older age may be connected to treatable vascular risk factors in mid-life. This study aimed to evaluate whether these factors affect the underlying rate of decline. METHODS This prospective cohort included 5 481 older adults aged 67-91 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (mean [standard deviation {SD}] age = 75.8 [5.0], 58% women, 21% Black race) without a history of stroke. The main outcome was the rate of Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) decline over a median late-life follow-up of 4.8 years. Primary mid-life (aged 45-64) exposures were Visit 1 hypertension (>140/90 mm Hg or treatment), diabetes (>126 mg/dL or treatment), high cholesterol (>240 mg/dL or treatment), and smoking, and number of decades of vascular risk exposure across Visits 1-4. RESULTS The average adjusted rate of SPPB decline (points per 5 years) for older adults was -0.79 (confidence interval [CI]: -0.87, 0.71) and was accelerated by mid-life hypertension (+57% decline vs normotension: additional decline of -0.47, 95% CI: -0.64, -0.30), diabetes (+73% decline vs no diabetes: additional decline of -0.67, 95% CI: -1.09, -0.24), elevated systolic blood pressure (+17% decline per SD: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.23, -0.10), and elevated fasting blood glucose (+16% decline per SD: -0.015, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.06). Each decade greater mid-life exposure to hypertension (+32% decline: -0.93, 95% CI: -1.25, -0.61) and diabetes (+35% decline: -1.03, 95% CI: -1.68, -0.38) was associated with faster SPPB decline. CONCLUSIONS Mid-life control of blood pressure and diabetes may offset aging-related functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Skow
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Deal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Palta
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin J Sullivan
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - B Gwen Windham
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Symons A, Dick F, Tierney A. Salient sounds distort time perception and production. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:137-147. [PMID: 37430179 PMCID: PMC10866776 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The auditory world is often cacophonous, with some sounds capturing attention and distracting us from our goals. Despite the universality of this experience, many questions remain about how and why sound captures attention, how rapidly behavior is disrupted, and how long this interference lasts. Here, we use a novel measure of behavioral disruption to test predictions made by models of auditory salience. Models predict that goal-directed behavior is disrupted immediately after points in time that feature a high degree of spectrotemporal change. We find that behavioral disruption is precisely time-locked to the onset of distracting sound events: Participants who tap to a metronome temporarily increase their tapping speed 750 ms after the onset of distractors. Moreover, this response is greater for more salient sounds (larger amplitude) and sound changes (greater pitch shift). We find that the time course of behavioral disruption is highly similar after acoustically disparate sound events: Both sound onsets and pitch shifts of continuous background sounds speed responses at 750 ms, with these effects dying out by 1,750 ms. These temporal distortions can be observed using only data from the first trial across participants. A potential mechanism underlying these results is that arousal increases after distracting sound events, leading to an expansion of time perception, and causing participants to misjudge when their next movement should begin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Symons
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Fred Dick
- Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Adam Tierney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
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Feldman JI, Garla V, Dunham K, Markfeld JE, Bowman SM, Golden AJ, Daly C, Kaiser S, Mailapur N, Raj S, Santapuram P, Suzman E, Augustine AE, Muhumuza A, Cascio CJ, Williams KL, Kirby AV, Keceli-Kaysili B, Woynaroski TG. Longitudinal Relations Between Early Sensory Responsiveness and Later Communication in Infants with Autistic and Non-autistic Siblings. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:594-606. [PMID: 36441431 PMCID: PMC9707174 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early differences in sensory responsiveness may contribute to difficulties with communication among autistic children; however, this theory has not been longitudinally assessed in infants at increased familial versus general population-level likelihood for autism (Sibs-autism vs. Sibs-NA) using a comprehensive battery of sensory responsiveness and communication. In a sample of 40 infants (20 Sibs-autism, of whom six were later diagnosed with autism; 20 Sibs-NA), we tested (a) associations between sensory responsiveness at 12-18 months and communication 9 months later and (b) evaluated whether such associations were moderated by sibling group, autism diagnosis, or age. We found negative zero-order correlations between sensory responsiveness (i.e., caregiver reported hyperresponsiveness and hyporesponsiveness; an observational measure of hyperresponsiveness) and later communication. Additionally, caregiver reported sensory seeking was negatively associated with later expressive communication only in Sibs-NA. Limitations include our relatively small sample size of infants diagnosed with autism. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob I Feldman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 8310 South Tower, 1215 21St Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Varsha Garla
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kacie Dunham
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer E Markfeld
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Bowman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 8310 South Tower, 1215 21St Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexandra J Golden
- Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Claire Daly
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sophia Kaiser
- Cognitive Studies Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nisha Mailapur
- Economics Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sweeya Raj
- Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pooja Santapuram
- Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Suzman
- Master's Program in Biomedical Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ashley E Augustine
- Biological Sciences Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aine Muhumuza
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn L Williams
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Anne V Kirby
- Department of Occupational and Recreational Therapies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bahar Keceli-Kaysili
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 8310 South Tower, 1215 21St Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Tiffany G Woynaroski
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 8310 South Tower, 1215 21St Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Deloche F, Parida S, Sivaprakasam A, Heinz MG. Estimation of Cochlear Frequency Selectivity Using a Convolution Model of Forward-Masked Compound Action Potentials. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024; 25:35-51. [PMID: 38278969 PMCID: PMC10907335 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Frequency selectivity is a fundamental property of the peripheral auditory system; however, the invasiveness of auditory nerve (AN) experiments limits its study in the human ear. Compound action potentials (CAPs) associated with forward masking have been suggested as an alternative to assess cochlear frequency selectivity. Previous methods relied on an empirical comparison of AN and CAP tuning curves in animal models, arguably not taking full advantage of the information contained in forward-masked CAP waveforms. METHODS To improve the estimation of cochlear frequency selectivity based on the CAP, we introduce a convolution model to fit forward-masked CAP waveforms. The model generates masking patterns that, when convolved with a unitary response, can predict the masking of the CAP waveform induced by Gaussian noise maskers. Model parameters, including those characterizing frequency selectivity, are fine-tuned by minimizing waveform prediction errors across numerous masking conditions, yielding robust estimates. RESULTS The method was applied to click-evoked CAPs at the round window of anesthetized chinchillas using notched-noise maskers with various notch widths and attenuations. The estimated quality factor Q10 as a function of center frequency is shown to closely match the average quality factor obtained from AN fiber tuning curves, without the need for an empirical correction factor. CONCLUSION This study establishes a moderately invasive method for estimating cochlear frequency selectivity with potential applicability to other animal species or humans. Beyond the estimation of frequency selectivity, the proposed model proved to be remarkably accurate in fitting forward-masked CAP responses and could be extended to study more complex aspects of cochlear signal processing (e.g., compressive nonlinearities).
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Affiliation(s)
- François Deloche
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA.
| | - Satyabrata Parida
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
| | - Andrew Sivaprakasam
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
| | - Michael G Heinz
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
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Chiu V, Urbanek JK, Wanigatunga AA, Allison MA, Ballew SH, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sotres-Alvarez D, Gallo LC, Xue X, Talavera GA, Evenson KR, Kaplan RC, Matsushita K, Schrack JA. The Association Between Ankle-Brachial Index and Daily Patterns of Physical Activity: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad200. [PMID: 37596830 PMCID: PMC10809041 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with lower physical activity but less is known about its association with daily patterns of activity. We examined the cross-sectional association between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and objectively measured patterns of physical activity among Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 7 688 participants (aged 45-74 years) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. ABI was categorized as low (≤0.90, indicating PAD), borderline low (0.91-0.99), normal (1.00-1.40), and high (>1.40, indicating incompressible ankle arteries). Daily physical activity metrics derived from accelerometer data included: log of total activity counts (LTAC), total log-transformed activity counts (TLAC), and active-to-sedentary transition probability (ASTP). Average differences between ABI categories in physical activity, overall and by 4-hour time-of-day intervals, were assessed using linear regression and mixed-effects models, respectively. RESULTS In Hispanic/Latino adults, 5.3% and 2.6% had low and high ABIs, respectively. After adjustment, having a low compared to a normal ABI was associated with lower volume (LTAC = -0.13, p < .01; TLAC = -74.4, p = .04) and more fragmented physical activity (ASTP = 1.22%, p < .01). Having a low ABI was linked with more fragmented physical activity after 12 pm (p < .01). Having a high ABI was associated with lower volumes of activity (TLAC = -132.0, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Having a low or high ABI is associated with lower and more fragmented physical activity in Hispanic/Latino adults. In adults with low ABI, physical activity is more fragmented in the afternoon to evening. Longitudinal research is warranted to expand these findings to guide targeted interventions for PAD or incompressible ankle arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Chiu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacek K Urbanek
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amal A Wanigatunga
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shoshana H Ballew
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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MacLean J, Stirn J, Sisson A, Bidelman GM. Short- and long-term neuroplasticity interact during the perceptual learning of concurrent speech. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad543. [PMID: 38212291 PMCID: PMC10839853 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasticity from auditory experience shapes the brain's encoding and perception of sound. However, whether such long-term plasticity alters the trajectory of short-term plasticity during speech processing has yet to be investigated. Here, we explored the neural mechanisms and interplay between short- and long-term neuroplasticity for rapid auditory perceptual learning of concurrent speech sounds in young, normal-hearing musicians and nonmusicians. Participants learned to identify double-vowel mixtures during ~ 45 min training sessions recorded simultaneously with high-density electroencephalography (EEG). We analyzed frequency-following responses (FFRs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate neural correlates of learning at subcortical and cortical levels, respectively. Although both groups showed rapid perceptual learning, musicians showed faster behavioral decisions than nonmusicians overall. Learning-related changes were not apparent in brainstem FFRs. However, plasticity was highly evident in cortex, where ERPs revealed unique hemispheric asymmetries between groups suggestive of different neural strategies (musicians: right hemisphere bias; nonmusicians: left hemisphere). Source reconstruction and the early (150-200 ms) time course of these effects localized learning-induced cortical plasticity to auditory-sensory brain areas. Our findings reinforce the domain-general benefits of musicianship but reveal that successful speech sound learning is driven by a critical interplay between long- and short-term mechanisms of auditory plasticity, which first emerge at a cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica MacLean
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jack Stirn
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alexandria Sisson
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Gavin M Bidelman
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Hariani HN, Algstam AB, Candler CT, Witteveen IF, Sidhu JK, Balmer TS. A system of feed-forward cerebellar circuits that extend and diversify sensory signaling. eLife 2024; 12:RP88321. [PMID: 38270517 PMCID: PMC10945699 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory signals are processed by the cerebellum to coordinate movements. Numerous cerebellar functions are thought to require the maintenance of a sensory representation that extends beyond the input signal. Granule cells receive sensory input, but they do not prolong the signal and are thus unlikely to maintain a sensory representation for much longer than the inputs themselves. Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are excitatory interneurons that project to granule cells and transform sensory input into prolonged increases or decreases in firing, depending on their ON or OFF UBC subtype. Further extension and diversification of the input signal could be produced by UBCs that project to one another, but whether this circuitry exists is unclear. Here we test whether UBCs innervate one another and explore how these small networks of UBCs could transform spiking patterns. We characterized two transgenic mouse lines electrophysiologically and immunohistochemically to confirm that they label ON and OFF UBC subtypes and crossed them together, revealing that ON and OFF UBCs innervate one another. A Brainbow reporter was used to label UBCs of the same ON or OFF subtype with different fluorescent proteins, which showed that UBCs innervate their own subtypes as well. Computational models predict that these feed-forward networks of UBCs extend the length of bursts or pauses and introduce delays-transformations that may be necessary for cerebellar functions from modulation of eye movements to adaptive learning across time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh N Hariani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - A Brynn Algstam
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- Barrett Honors College, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Christian T Candler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | | | - Jasmeen K Sidhu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Timothy S Balmer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
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Peters BA, Hanna DB, Wang Y, Weber KM, Topper E, Appleton AA, Sharma A, Hodis HN, Santoro N, Guillemette C, Caron P, Knight R, Burk RD, Kaplan RC, Qi Q. Sex Hormones, the Stool Microbiome, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Women With and Without HIV. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:483-497. [PMID: 37643897 PMCID: PMC11032255 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardioprotective roles of endogenous estrogens may be particularly important in women with HIV, who have reduced estrogen exposure and elevated cardiovascular disease risk. The gut microbiome metabolically interacts with sex hormones, but little is known regarding possible impact on cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To analyze potential interplay of sex hormones and gut microbiome in cardiovascular risk. METHODS Among 197 postmenopausal women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we measured 15 sex hormones in serum and assessed the gut microbiome in stool. Presence of carotid artery plaque was determined (B-mode ultrasound) in a subset (n = 134). We examined associations of (i) sex hormones and stool microbiome, (ii) sex hormones and plaque, and (iii) sex hormone-related stool microbiota and plaque, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Participant median age was 58 years and the majority were living with HIV (81%). Sex hormones (estrogens, androgens, and adrenal precursors) were associated with stool microbiome diversity and specific species, similarly in women with and without HIV. Estrogens were associated with higher diversity, higher abundance of species from Alistipes, Collinsella, Erysipelotrichia, and Clostridia, and higher abundance of microbial β-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase orthologs, which are involved in hormone metabolism. Several hormones were associated with lower odds of carotid artery plaque, including dihydrotestosterone, 3α-diol-17G, estradiol, and estrone. Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that estrone-related species, particularly from Collinsella, may mediate the protective association of estrone with plaque. CONCLUSION Serum sex hormones are significant predictors of stool microbiome diversity and composition. The gut microbiome may play a role in estrogen-related cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kathleen M Weber
- Cook County Health/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Elizabeth Topper
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Allison A Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Departments of Medicine and Population and Public Health Sciences, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Cancer research center (CRC) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Caron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec—Université Laval Research Center, Cancer research center (CRC) and Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Computer Science and Engineering, Bioengineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Deo DR, Willett FR, Avansino DT, Hochberg LR, Henderson JM, Shenoy KV. Brain control of bimanual movement enabled by recurrent neural networks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1598. [PMID: 38238386 PMCID: PMC10796685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces have so far focused largely on enabling the control of a single effector, for example a single computer cursor or robotic arm. Restoring multi-effector motion could unlock greater functionality for people with paralysis (e.g., bimanual movement). However, it may prove challenging to decode the simultaneous motion of multiple effectors, as we recently found that a compositional neural code links movements across all limbs and that neural tuning changes nonlinearly during dual-effector motion. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-quality bimanual control of two cursors via neural network (NN) decoders. Through simulations, we show that NNs leverage a neural 'laterality' dimension to distinguish between left and right-hand movements as neural tuning to both hands become increasingly correlated. In training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for two-cursor control, we developed a method that alters the temporal structure of the training data by dilating/compressing it in time and re-ordering it, which we show helps RNNs successfully generalize to the online setting. With this method, we demonstrate that a person with paralysis can control two computer cursors simultaneously. Our results suggest that neural network decoders may be advantageous for multi-effector decoding, provided they are designed to transfer to the online setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrel R Deo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Francis R Willett
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donald T Avansino
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation R&D Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaimie M Henderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kinney BLC, Gunti S, Kansal V, Parrish CJ, Saba NF, Teng Y, Henry MK, Su FY, Kwong GA, Schmitt NC. Rescue of NLRC5 expression restores antigen processing machinery in head and neck cancer cells lacking functional STAT1 and p53. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:10. [PMID: 38231444 PMCID: PMC10794329 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The antigen processing machinery (APM) components needed for a tumor cell to present an antigen to a T cell are expressed at low levels in solid tumors, constituting an important mechanism of immune escape. More than most other solid tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells tend to have low APM expression, rendering them insensitive to immune checkpoint blockade and most other forms of immunotherapy. In HNSCC, this APM deficiency is largely driven by high levels of EGFR and SHP2, leading to low expression and activation of STAT1; however, recent studies suggest that p53, which is often mutated in HNSCCs, may also play a role. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the extent to which STAT1 and p53 individually regulate APM component expression in HNSCC cells. We found that in cells lacking functional p53, APM expression could still be induced by interferon-gamma or DNA-damaging chemotherapy (cisplatin) as long as STAT1 expression remained intact; when both transcription factors were knocked down, APM component expression was abolished. When we bypassed these deficient pathways by rescuing the expression of NLRC5, APM expression was also restored. These results suggest that dual loss of functional STAT1 and p53 may render HNSCC cells incapable of processing and presenting antigens, but rescue of downstream NLRC5 expression may be an attractive strategy for restoring sensitivity to T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L C Kinney
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street NE, 11Th Floor Otolaryngology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gunti
- National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vikash Kansal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street NE, 11Th Floor Otolaryngology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nabil F Saba
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Fang-Yi Su
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street NE, 11Th Floor Otolaryngology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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McClure CR, Patel R, Hallem EA. Invade or die: behaviours and biochemical mechanisms that drive skin penetration in Strongyloides and other skin-penetrating nematodes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220434. [PMID: 38008119 PMCID: PMC10676818 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin-penetrating nematodes, including the human threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms in the genera Necator and Ancylostoma, are gastrointestinal parasites that are a major cause of neglected tropical disease in low-resource settings worldwide. These parasites infect hosts as soil-dwelling infective larvae that navigate towards hosts using host-emitted sensory cues such as odorants and body heat. Upon host contact, they invade the host by penetrating through the skin. The process of skin penetration is critical for successful parasitism but remains poorly understood and understudied. Here, we review current knowledge of skin-penetration behaviour and its underlying mechanisms in the human parasite S. stercoralis, the closely related rat parasite Strongyloides ratti, and other skin-penetrating nematodes such as hookworms. We also highlight important directions for future investigations into this underexplored process and discuss how recent advances in molecular genetic and genomic tools for Strongyloides species will enable mechanistic investigations of skin penetration and other essential parasitic behaviours in future studies. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Strongyloides: omics to worm-free populations'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R. McClure
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruhi Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elissa A. Hallem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Hewitt MN, Cruz IA, Raible DW. Spherical harmonics analysis reveals cell shape-fate relationships in zebrafish lateral line neuromasts. Development 2024; 151:dev202251. [PMID: 38276966 PMCID: PMC10905750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cell shape is a powerful readout of cell state, fate and function. We describe a custom workflow to perform semi-automated, 3D cell and nucleus segmentation, and spherical harmonics and principal components analysis to distill cell and nuclear shape variation into discrete biologically meaningful parameters. We apply these methods to analyze shape in the neuromast cells of the zebrafish lateral line system, finding that shapes vary with cell location and identity. The distinction between hair cells and support cells accounted for much of the variation, which allowed us to train classifiers to predict cell identity from shape features. Using transgenic markers for support cell subpopulations, we found that subtypes had different shapes from each other. To investigate how loss of a neuromast cell type altered cell shape distributions, we examined atoh1a mutants that lack hair cells. We found that mutant neuromasts lacked the cell shape phenotype associated with hair cells, but did not exhibit a mutant-specific cell shape. Our results demonstrate the utility of using 3D cell shape features to characterize, compare and classify cells in a living developing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine N. Hewitt
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Iván A. Cruz
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David W. Raible
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Ngodup T, Irie T, Elkins SP, Trussell LO. The Na + leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons. eLife 2024; 12:RP89520. [PMID: 38197879 PMCID: PMC10945507 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN in mice and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Seán P Elkins
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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Zavalis EA, Rameau A, Saraswathula A, Vist J, Schuit E, Ioannidis JP. Availability of evidence and comparative effectiveness for surgical versus drug interventions: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076675. [PMID: 38195174 PMCID: PMC10810041 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the prevalence of comparisons of surgery to drug regimens, the strength of evidence of such comparisons and whether surgery or the drug intervention was favoured. DESIGN Systematic review of systematic reviews (umbrella review). DATA SOURCES Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Systematic reviews attempt to compare surgical to drug interventions. DATA EXTRACTION We extracted whether the review found any randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for eligible comparisons. Individual trial results were extracted directly from the systematic review. SYNTHESIS The outcomes of each meta-analysis were resynthesised into random-effects meta-analyses. Egger's test and excess significance were assessed. RESULTS Overall, 188 systematic reviews intended to compare surgery versus drugs. Only 41 included data from at least one RCT (total, 165 RCTs) and covered a total of 103 different outcomes of various comparisons of surgery versus drugs. A GRADE assessment was performed by the Cochrane reviewers for 87 (83%) outcomes in the reviews, indicating the strength of evidence was high in 4 outcomes (4%), moderate in 22 (21%), low in 27 (26%) and very low in 33 (32%). Based on 95% CIs, the surgical intervention was favoured in 38/103 (37%), and the drugs were favoured in 13/103 (13%) outcomes. Of the outcomes with high GRADE rating, only one showed conclusive superiority in our reanalysis (sphincterotomy was better than medical therapy for anal fissure). Of the 22 outcomes with moderate GRADE rating, 6 (27%) were inconclusive, 14 (64%) were in favour of surgery and 2 (9%) were in favour of drugs. There was no evidence of excess significance. CONCLUSIONS Though the relative merits of surgical versus drug interventions are important to know for many diseases, high strength randomised evidence is rare. More randomised trials comparing surgery to drug interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A Zavalis
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anaïs Rameau
- Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anirudh Saraswathula
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joachim Vist
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewoud Schuit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cochrane Denmark, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John P Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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