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Jarysta A, Tadenev ALD, Day M, Krawchuk B, Low BE, Wiles MV, Tarchini B. Inhibitory G proteins play multiple roles to polarize sensory hair cell morphogenesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP88186. [PMID: 38651641 PMCID: PMC11037916 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory G alpha (GNAI or Gαi) proteins are critical for the polarized morphogenesis of sensory hair cells and for hearing. The extent and nature of their actual contributions remains unclear, however, as previous studies did not investigate all GNAI proteins and included non-physiological approaches. Pertussis toxin can downregulate functionally redundant GNAI1, GNAI2, GNAI3, and GNAO proteins, but may also induce unrelated defects. Here, we directly and systematically determine the role(s) of each individual GNAI protein in mouse auditory hair cells. GNAI2 and GNAI3 are similarly polarized at the hair cell apex with their binding partner G protein signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2), whereas GNAI1 and GNAO are not detected. In Gnai3 mutants, GNAI2 progressively fails to fully occupy the sub-cellular compartments where GNAI3 is missing. In contrast, GNAI3 can fully compensate for the loss of GNAI2 and is essential for hair bundle morphogenesis and auditory function. Simultaneous inactivation of Gnai2 and Gnai3 recapitulates for the first time two distinct types of defects only observed so far with pertussis toxin: (1) a delay or failure of the basal body to migrate off-center in prospective hair cells, and (2) a reversal in the orientation of some hair cell types. We conclude that GNAI proteins are critical for hair cells to break planar symmetry and to orient properly before GNAI2/3 regulate hair bundle morphogenesis with GPSM2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Day
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
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2
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Chung YK, Chan HY, Lee TY, Wong YH. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by GTPase-deficient Gα i is mechanistically different from that mediated by receptor-activated Gα i. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:218. [PMID: 38581012 PMCID: PMC10996109 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been a major focus in cell biology for decades. Numerous disorders are associated with GPCRs that utilize Gi proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC) as well as regulate other effectors. Several early studies have successfully defined the AC-interacting domains of several members of Gαi by measuring the loss of activity upon homologous replacements of putative regions of constitutive active Gαi mutants. However, whether such findings can indeed be translated into the context of a receptor-activated Gαi have not been rigorously verified. To address this issue, an array of known and new chimeric mutations was introduced into GTPase-deficient Q204L (QL) and R178C (RC) mutants of Gαi1, followed by examinations on their ability to inhibit AC. Surprisingly, most chimeras failed to abolish the constitutive activity brought on by the QL mutation, while some were able to eliminate the inhibitory activity of RC mutants. Receptor-mediated inhibition of AC was similarly observed in the same chimeric constructs harbouring the pertussis toxin (PTX)-resistant C351I mutation. Moreover, RC-bearing loss-of-function chimeras appeared to be hyper-deactivated by endogenous RGS protein. Molecular docking revealed a potential interaction between AC and the α3/β5 loop of Gαi1. Subsequent cAMP assays support a cooperative action of the α3/β5 loop, the α4 helix, and the α4/β6 loop in mediating AC inhibition by Gαi1-i3. Our results unveiled a notable functional divergence between constitutively active mutants and receptor-activated Gαi1 to inhibit AC, and identified a previously unknown AC-interacting domain of Gαi subunits. These results collectively provide valuable insights on the mechanism of AC inhibition in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kwan Chung
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ho Yung Chan
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tung Yeung Lee
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, and the Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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He F, Wu CG, Gao Y, Rahman SN, Zaoralová M, Papasergi-Scott MM, Gu TJ, Robertson MJ, Seven AB, Li L, Mathiesen JM, Skiniotis G. Allosteric modulation and G-protein selectivity of the Ca 2+-sensing receptor. Nature 2024; 626:1141-1148. [PMID: 38326620 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a family C G-protein-coupled receptor1 (GPCR) that has a central role in regulating systemic calcium homeostasis2,3. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy and functional assays to investigate the activation of human CaSR embedded in lipid nanodiscs and its coupling to functional Gi versus Gq proteins in the presence and absence of the calcimimetic drug cinacalcet. High-resolution structures show that both Gi and Gq drive additional conformational changes in the activated CaSR dimer to stabilize a more extensive asymmetric interface of the seven-transmembrane domain (7TM) that involves key protein-lipid interactions. Selective Gi and Gq coupling by the receptor is achieved through substantial rearrangements of intracellular loop 2 and the C terminus, which contribute differentially towards the binding of the two G-protein subtypes, resulting in distinct CaSR-G-protein interfaces. The structures also reveal that natural polyamines target multiple sites on CaSR to enhance receptor activation by zipping negatively charged regions between two protomers. Furthermore, we find that the amino acid L-tryptophan, a well-known ligand of CaSR extracellular domains, occupies the 7TM bundle of the G-protein-coupled protomer at the same location as cinacalcet and other allosteric modulators. Together, these results provide a framework for G-protein activation and selectivity by CaSR, as well as its allosteric modulation by endogenous and exogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Guo Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sabrina N Rahman
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magda Zaoralová
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Jia Gu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Knight KM, Obarow EG, Wei W, Mani S, Esteller MI, Cui M, Ma N, Martin SA, Brinson E, Hewitt N, Soden GM, Logothetis DE, Vaidehi N, Dohlman HG. Molecular annotation of G protein variants in a neurological disorder. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113462. [PMID: 37980565 PMCID: PMC10872635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins transduce extracellular chemical messages to generate appropriate intracellular responses. Point mutations in GNAO1, encoding the G protein αo subunit, have been implicated in a pathogenic condition characterized by seizures, movement disorders, intellectual disability, and developmental delay (GNAO1 disorder). However, the effects of these mutations on G protein structure and function are unclear. Here, we report the effects of 55 mutations on Gαo conformation, thermostability, nucleotide binding, and hydrolysis, as well as interaction with Gβγ subunits, receptors, and effectors. Our effort reveals four functionally distinct groups of mutants, including one group that sequesters receptors and another that sequesters Gβγ, both acting in a genetically dominant manner. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of disease-relevant mutations and reveal that GNAO1 disorder is likely composed of multiple mechanistically distinct disorders that will likely require multiple therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Knight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Obarow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wenyuan Wei
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sepehr Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria I Esteller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emily Brinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie Hewitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaby M Soden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Henrik G Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Yin DP, Zhang H, Teng H, Zhang D, Chen P, Xie L, Liu JS. Overexpressed Gαi1 exerts pro-tumorigenic activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:792. [PMID: 38049415 PMCID: PMC10696052 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study tested the expression and potential functions of Gαi1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database results demonstrate that Gαi1 transcripts' number in NPC tissues is significantly higher than that in the normal nasal epithelial tissues. Its overexpression correlates with poor survival in certain NPC patients. Moreover, Gαi1 is significantly upregulated in NPC tissues of local primary patients and in different primary human NPC cells. Whereas its expression is relatively low in cancer-surrounding normal tissues and in primary nasal epithelial cells. Genetic silencing (via shRNA strategy) or knockout (via CRISPR-sgRNA method) of Gαi1 substantially suppressed viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration in primary NPC cells, causing significant caspase-apoptosis activation. Contrarily, ectopic Gαi1 expression exerted pro-tumorigenic activity and strengthened cell proliferation and migration in primary NPC cells. Gαi1 is important for Akt-mTOR activation in NPC cells. Akt-S6K phosphorylation was downregulated after Gαi1 shRNA or KO in primary NPC cells, but strengthened following Gαi1 overexpression. In Gαi1-silenced primary NPC cells, a S473D constitutively-active mutant Akt1 (caAkt1) restored Akt-S6K phosphorylation and ameliorated Gαi1 shRNA-induced proliferation inhibition, migration reduction and apoptosis. Bioinformatics analyses proposed zinc finger protein 384 (ZNF384) as a potential transcription factor of Gαi1. In primary NPC cells, ZNF384 shRNA or knockout (via CRISPR-sgRNA method) decreased Gαi1 mRNA and protein expression, whereas ZNF384 overexpression upregulated it. Importantly, there was an increased binding between ZNF384 protein and the Gαi1 promoter in human NPC tissues and different NPC cells. In vivo studies showed that intratumoral injection of Gαi1-shRNA-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) impeded subcutaneous NPC xenograft growth in nude mice. Gαi1 downregulation, Akt-mTOR inactivation, and apoptosis induction were detected in Gαi1-silenced NPC xenograft tissues. Gαi1 KO also effectively inhibited the growth of NPC xenografts in nude mice. Together, overexpressed Gαi1 exerts pro-tumorigenic activity in NPC possibly by promoting Akt-mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Pei Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanle Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lixiao Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ji-Sheng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Domínguez-Carral J, Ludlam WG, Segarra MJ, Marti MF, Balsells S, Muchart J, Petrović DČ, Espinoza I, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Martemyanov KA. Severity of GNAO1-Related Disorder Correlates with Changes in G-Protein Function. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:987-1004. [PMID: 37548038 PMCID: PMC10681096 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GNAO1-related disorders (OMIM #615473 and #617493), caused by variants in the GNAO1 gene, are characterized by developmental delay or intellectual disability, hypotonia, movement disorders, and epilepsy. Neither a genotype-phenotype correlation nor a clear severity score have been established for this disorder. The objective of this prospective and retrospective observational study was to develop a severity score for GNAO1-related disorders, and to delineate the correlation between the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical severity. METHODS A total of 16 individuals with GNAO1-related disorders harboring 12 distinct missense variants, including four novel variants (p.K46R, p.T48I, p.R209P, and p.L235P), were examined with repeated clinical assessments, video-electroencephalogram monitoring, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The molecular pathology of each variant was delineated using a molecular deconvoluting platform. RESULTS The patients displayed a wide variability in the severity of their symptoms. This heterogeneity was well represented in the GNAO1-related disorders severity score, with a broad range of results. Patients with the same variant had comparable severity scores, indicating that differences in disease profiles are not due to interpatient variability, but rather, to unique disease mechanisms. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between clinical severity scores and molecular mechanisms. INTERPRETATION The clinical score proposed here provides further insight into the correlation between pathophysiology and phenotypic severity in GNAO1-related disorders. We found that each variant has a unique profile of clinical phenotypes and pathological molecular mechanisms. These findings will contribute to better understanding GNAO1-related disorders. Additionally, the severity score will facilitate standardization of patients categorization and assessment of response to therapies in development. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:987-1004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Domínguez-Carral
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Child Neurology, Institut de
Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Grant Ludlam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF
Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida,
Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | | | - Sol Balsells
- Department of Statistics Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de
Déu Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Sant Joan de
Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Iván Espinoza
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Nacional Cayetano
Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Juan Dario Ortigoza-Escobar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Child Neurology,
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases
(CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological
Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kirill A. Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF
Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida,
Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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7
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Larasati YA, Solis GP, Koval A, Griffiths ST, Berentsen R, Aukrust I, Lesca G, Chatron N, Ville D, Korff CM, Katanaev VL. Clinical Cases and the Molecular Profiling of a Novel Childhood Encephalopathy-Causing GNAO1 Mutation P170R. Cells 2023; 12:2469. [PMID: 37887313 PMCID: PMC10605901 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo mutations in GNAO1, the gene encoding the major neuronal G protein Gαo, cause a spectrum of pediatric encephalopathies with seizures, motor dysfunction, and developmental delay. Of the >80 distinct missense pathogenic variants, many appear to uniformly destabilize the guanine nucleotide handling of the mutant protein, speeding up GTP uptake and deactivating GTP hydrolysis. Zinc supplementation emerges as a promising treatment option for this disease, as Zn2+ ions reactivate the GTP hydrolysis on the mutant Gαo and restore cellular interactions for some of the mutants studied earlier. The molecular etiology of GNAO1 encephalopathies needs further elucidation as a prerequisite for the development of efficient therapeutic approaches. In this work, we combine clinical and medical genetics analysis of a novel GNAO1 mutation with an in-depth molecular dissection of the resultant protein variant. We identify two unrelated patients from Norway and France with a previously unknown mutation in GNAO1, c.509C>G that results in the production of the Pro170Arg mutant Gαo, leading to severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Molecular investigations of Pro170Arg identify this mutant as a unique representative of the pathogenic variants. Its 100-fold-accelerated GTP uptake is not accompanied by a loss in GTP hydrolysis; Zn2+ ions induce a previously unseen effect on the mutant, forcing it to lose the bound GTP. Our work combining clinical and molecular analyses discovers a novel, biochemically distinct pathogenic missense variant of GNAO1 laying the ground for personalized treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonika A. Larasati
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Gonzalo P. Solis
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Silja T. Griffiths
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Berentsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.B.)
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.B.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; (G.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France; (G.L.); (N.C.)
| | - Dorothée Ville
- Pediatric Neurology Department, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Christian M. Korff
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland (G.P.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
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8
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Lin R, Kenyon A, Wang ZX, Cai J, Iacovitti L, Kenyon LC. Pilocytic astrocytoma harboring a novel GNAI3-BRAF fusion. Neuropathology 2023; 43:391-395. [PMID: 36786200 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), a central nervous system (CNS) World Health Organization grade 1 tumor, is mainly seen in children or young adults aged 5-19. Surgical resection often provides excellent outcomes, but residual tumors may still remain. This low-grade tumor is well recognized for its classic radiological and morphological features; however, some unique molecular findings have been unveiled by the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS). Among the genetic abnormalities identified in this low-grade tumor, increasing evidence indicates that BRAF alterations, especially BRAF fusions, play an essential role in PA tumorigenesis. Among the several fusion partner genes identified in PAs, KIAA1549-BRAF fusion is notably the most common detectable genetic alteration, especially in the cerebellar PAs. Here, we report a case of a young adult patient with a large, right-sided posterior fossa cerebellar and cerebellopontine angle region mass consistent with a PA. Of note, NGS detected a novel GNAI3-BRAF fusion, which results in an in-frame fusion protein containing the kinase domain of BRAF. This finding expands the knowledge of BRAF fusions in the tumorigenesis of PAs, provides an additional molecular signature for diagnosis, and a target for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihe Lin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alicia Kenyon
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingli Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence C Kenyon
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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de Lima MRP, Bezerra RFS, Serafim DDB, Sena Junior DM. Dynamics of the Apo µ-Opioid Receptor in Complex with Gi Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13430. [PMID: 37686252 PMCID: PMC10487971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors, particularly the µ-opioid receptor (μOR), play a pivotal role in mediating the analgesic and addictive effects of opioid drugs. G protein signaling is an important pathway of μOR function, usually associated with painkilling effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between the μOR and G protein remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed classical all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural changes occurring with the μOR-G protein complex under two different conditions: with the G protein in the apo form (open) and with the GDP bound G protein (closed, holo form). The receptor was in the apo form and active conformation in both cases, and the simulation time comprised 1µs for each system. In order to assess the effect of the G protein coupling on the receptor activation state, three parameters were monitored: the correlation of the distance between TM3 and TM6 and the RMSD of the NPxxYA motif; the universal activation index (A100); and the χ2 dihedral distribution of residue W2936.48. When complexed with the open G protein, receptor conformations with intermediate activation state prevailed throughout the molecular dynamics, whereas in the condition with the closed G protein, mostly inactive conformations of the receptor were observed. The major effect of the G protein in the receptor conformation comes from a steric hindrance involving an intracellular loop of the receptor and a β-sheet region of the G protein. This suggests that G-protein precoupling is essential for receptor activation, but this fact is not sufficient for complete receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Raya Paula de Lima
- Biological Chemistry Department, Universidade Regional do Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.F.S.B.); (D.D.B.S.)
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará—IFCE, Juazeiro do Norte 63040-540, CE, Brazil
| | - Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
- Biological Chemistry Department, Universidade Regional do Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.F.S.B.); (D.D.B.S.)
| | - David Denis Bento Serafim
- Biological Chemistry Department, Universidade Regional do Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.F.S.B.); (D.D.B.S.)
| | - Diniz Maciel Sena Junior
- Biological Chemistry Department, Universidade Regional do Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (R.F.S.B.); (D.D.B.S.)
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10
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Koval A, Larasati YA, Savitsky M, Solis GP, Good JM, Quinodoz M, Rivolta C, Superti-Furga A, Katanaev VL. In-depth molecular profiling of an intronic GNAO1 mutant as the basis for personalized high-throughput drug screening. Med 2023; 4:311-325.e7. [PMID: 37001522 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GNAO1 gene, encoding the major neuronal G protein Gαo, is mutated in a subset of pediatric encephalopathies. Most such mutations consist of missense variants. METHODS In this study, we present a precision medicine workflow combining next-generation sequencing (NGS) diagnostics, molecular etiology analysis, and personalized drug discovery. FINDINGS We describe a patient carrying a de novo intronic mutation (NM_020988.3:c.724-8G>A), leading to epilepsy-negative encephalopathy with motor dysfunction from the second decade. Our data show that this mutation creates a novel splice acceptor site that in turn causes an in-frame insertion of two amino acid residues, Pro-Gln, within the regulatory switch III region of Gαo. This insertion misconfigures the switch III loop and creates novel interactions with the catalytic switch II region, resulting in increased GTP uptake, defective GTP hydrolysis, and aberrant interactions with effector proteins. In contrast, intracellular localization, Gβγ interactions, and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) coupling of the Gαo[insPQ] mutant protein remain unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This in-depth analysis characterizes the heterozygous c.724-8G>A mutation as partially dominant negative, providing clues to the molecular etiology of this specific pathology. Further, this analysis allows us to establish and validate a high-throughput screening platform aiming at identifying molecules that could correct the aberrant biochemical functions of the mutant Gαo. FUNDING This work was supported by the Joint Seed Money Funding scheme between the University of Geneva and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yonika A Larasati
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Savitsky
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo P Solis
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Good
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia.
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11
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Gambardella ML, Pede E, Orazi L, Leone S, Quintiliani M, Amorelli GM, Petrianni M, Galanti M, Amore F, Musto E, Perulli M, Contaldo I, Veredice C, Mercuri EM, Battaglia DI, Ricci D. Visual Function in Children with GNAO1-Related Encephalopathy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030544. [PMID: 36980817 PMCID: PMC10047968 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: GNAO1-related encephalopathies include a broad spectrum of developmental disorders caused by de novo heterozygous mutations in the GNAO1 gene, encoding the G (o) subunit α of G-proteins. These conditions are characterized by epilepsy, movement disorders and developmental impairment, in combination or as isolated features. Objective: This study aimed at describing the profile of neurovisual competences in children with GNAO1 deficiency to better characterize the phenotype of the disease spectrum. Methods: Four male and three female patients with confirmed genetic diagnosis underwent neurological examination, visual function assessment, and neurovisual and ophthalmological evaluation. Present clinical history of epilepsy and movement disorders, and neuroimaging findings were also evaluated. Results: The assessment revealed two trends in visual development. Some aspects of visual function, such as discrimination and perception of distance, depth and volume, appeared to be impaired at all ages, with no sign of improvement. Other aspects, reliant on temporal lobe competences (ventral stream) and more related to object–face exploration, recognition and environmental control, appeared to be preserved and improved with age. Significance: Visual function is often impaired, with patterns of visual impairment affecting the ventral stream less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luigia Gambardella
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Pede
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Orazi
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Leone
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Quintiliani
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Amorelli
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Petrianni
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Galanti
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Amore
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Musto
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Perulli
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Contaldo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Veredice
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maria Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Ricci
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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12
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Li Y, Anand-Srivastava MB. Role of Gi proteins in the regulation of blood pressure and vascular remodeling. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115384. [PMID: 36549460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G-proteins) through the activation of several signaling mechanisms including adenylyl cyclase/cAMP and phospholipase C (PLC)/phosphatidyl inositol (PI) turnover. regulate a variety of cellular functions, including vascular reactivity, proliferation and hypertrophy of VSMC. Activity of adenylyl cyclase is regulated by two G proteins, stimulatory (Gsα) and inhibitory (Giα). Gsα stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity and increases the levels of cAMP, whereas Giα inhibits the activity of adenylyl cyclase and results in the reduction of cAMP levels. Abnormalities in Giα protein expression and associated adenylyl cyclase\cAMP levels result in the impaired cellular functions and contribute to various pathological states including hypertension. The expression of Giα proteins is enhanced in various tissues including heart, kidney, aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from genetic (spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)) and experimentally - induced hypertensive rats and contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. In addition, the enhanced expression of Giα proteins exhibited by VSMC from SHR is also implicated in the hyperproliferation and hypertrophy, the two key players contributing to vascular remodelling in hypertension. The enhanced levels of endogenous vasoactive peptides including angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and growth factors contribute to the overexpression of Giα proteins in VSMC from SHR. In addition, enhanced oxidative stress, activation of c-Src, growth factor receptor transactivation and MAP kinase/PI3kinase signaling also contribute to the augmented expression of Giα proteins in VSMC from SHR. This review summarizes the role of Giα proteins, and the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in the regulation of high blood pressure and vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Madhu B Anand-Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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13
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Akturk A, Day M, Tarchini B. RGS12 polarizes the GPSM2-GNAI complex to organize and elongate stereocilia in sensory hair cells. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq2826. [PMID: 36260679 PMCID: PMC9581478 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory G proteins (GNAI/Gαi) bind to the scaffold G protein signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2) to form a conserved polarity complex that regulates cytoskeleton organization. GPSM2 keeps GNAI in a guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound state, but how GPSM2-GNAI is generated or relates to heterotrimeric G protein signaling remains unclear. We find that RGS12, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), is required to polarize GPSM2-GNAI at the hair cell apical membrane and to organize mechanosensory stereocilia in rows of graded heights. Accordingly, RGS12 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) DAPLE are asymmetrically co-enriched at the hair cell apical junction, and Rgs12 mouse mutants are deaf. GPSM2 and RGS12 share GoLoco motifs that stabilize GNAI(GDP), and GPSM2 outcompetes RGS12 to bind GNAI. Our results suggest that polarized GEF/GAP junctional activity might dissociate heterotrimeric G proteins, generating free GNAI(GDP) for GPSM2 at the adjacent apical membrane. GPSM2-GNAI(GDP), in turn, imparts asymmetry to the forming stereocilia to enable sensory function in hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Akturk
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Matthew Day
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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14
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Xu S, Yu W, Zhang X, Wang W, Wang X. The regulatory role of Gnao1 protein in diabetic encephalopathy in KK-Ay mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Brain Res 2022; 1792:148012. [PMID: 35839930 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the regulation and functional role of Gnao1 in the brain of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) in various animal models. RESULTS Data from the biochemical and behavioral studies showed that DE models were successful induced in streptozotocin treatment animals and KK-Ay mice. Gnao1 was down regulated in the brain tissues of these two diabetes animal models with significant cognition deficiency. It suggested that the changes in DE are also related to dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study also showed that the expression of adrenergic α2 receptor (Adr-α2R), the upstream protein of Gnao1, was decreased in DE animal models. Furthermore, many downstream proteins of Gnao1 also altered, among which cAMP and PKA proteins were increased, CREB and BDNF proteins were decreased both in animal models and in the cell levels. In addition, Gnao1 silencing leads to the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decreased proliferation in cultured primary astrocytes, which means that the deficiency of Gnao1 might not be benefit for DE. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated the importance of Gnao1 in DE and suggested Gnao1 as a novel marker and a promising therapeutic target for DE and dementia in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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15
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Lunev EA, Shmidt AA, Vassilieva SG, Savchenko IM, Loginov VA, Marina VI, Egorova TV, Bardina MV. [Effective Viral Delivery of Genetic Constructs to Neuronal Culture for Modeling and Gene Therapy of GNAO1 Encephalopathy]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2022; 56:604-618. [PMID: 35964317 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898422040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
GNAO1 encephalopathy is an orphan genetic disease associated with early infantile epilepsy, impaired motor control, and severe developmental delay. The disorder is caused by mutations in the GNAO1 gene, leading to dysfunction of the encoded protein Gao1. There is no cure for this disease, and symptomatic therapy is ineffective. Phenotypic heterogeneity highlights the need for a personalized approach for treating patients with a specific clinical variant of GNAO1 and requires the study of the disease mechanism in animal and cell models. Towards this aim, we developed an approach for modeling GNAO1 encephalopathy and testing gene therapy drugs in primary neurons derived from healthy mice. We optimized the delivery of transgenes to Gαo1-expressing neurons using recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV). We assessed the tropism of five neurotropic AAV serotypes (1, 2, 6, 9, DJ) for Gαo1-positive neurons from the whole mouse brain. The DJ serotype showed the highest potential as a reporter delivery vehicle, infecting up to 66% of Gαo1-expressing cells without overt cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that AAV-DJ also provides efficient delivery and expression of genetic constructs encoding normal and mutant Gαo1, as well as short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to suppress endogenous Gnao1 in murine neurons. Our results will further simplify the study of the pathological mechanism for clinical variants of GNAO1, as well as optimize the testing of gene therapy approaches for GNAO1 encephalopathy in cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Lunev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, 354340 Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - A A Shmidt
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - S G Vassilieva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - I M Savchenko
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - V A Loginov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - V I Marina
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, 354340 Russia
| | - T V Egorova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - M V Bardina
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
- Marlin Biotech LLC, Sochi, 354340 Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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16
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Inazumi H, Kuwahara K, Nakagawa Y, Kuwabara Y, Numaga-Tomita T, Kashihara T, Nakada T, Kurebayashi N, Oya M, Nonaka M, Sugihara M, Kinoshita H, Moriuchi K, Yanagisawa H, Nishikimi T, Motoki H, Yamada M, Morimoto S, Otsu K, Mortensen RM, Nakao K, Kimura T. NRSF- GNAO1 Pathway Contributes to the Regulation of Cardiac Ca 2+ Homeostasis. Circ Res 2022; 130:234-248. [PMID: 34875852 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the development of heart failure, a fetal cardiac gene program is reactivated and accelerates pathological cardiac remodeling. We previously reported that a transcriptional repressor, NRSF (neuron restrictive silencer factor), suppresses the fetal cardiac gene program, thereby maintaining cardiac integrity. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be determined, however. METHODS We aim to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which NRSF maintains normal cardiac function. We generated cardiac-specific NRSF knockout mice and analyzed cardiac gene expression profiles in those mice and mice cardiac-specifically expressing a dominant-negative NRSF mutant. RESULTS We found that cardiac expression of Gαo, an inhibitory G protein encoded in humans by GNAO1, is transcriptionally regulated by NRSF and is increased in the ventricles of several mouse models of heart failure. Genetic knockdown of Gnao1 ameliorated the cardiac dysfunction and prolonged survival rates in these mouse heart failure models. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of GNAO1 in mice was sufficient to induce cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, we observed that increasing Gαo expression increased surface sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel activity, activated CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase-II) signaling, and impaired Ca2+ handling in ventricular myocytes, which led to cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on a novel function of Gαo in the regulation of cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and systolic function and suggest Gαo may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Inazumi
- Cardiovascular Medicine (H.I., Y.N., H.K., K.M., H.Y., T. Nishikimi, T. Kimura), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Cardiovascular Medicine (K.K., M.O., H.M.), School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto
| | - Yasuaki Nakagawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine (H.I., Y.N., H.K., K.M., H.Y., T. Nishikimi, T. Kimura), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshihiro Kuwabara
- Center for Accessing Early Promising Treatment, Kyoto University Hospital (Y.K.)
| | - Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Molecular Pharmacology (T.N.-T., M.Y.), School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto
| | - Toshihide Kashihara
- Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo (T. Kashihara)
| | - Tsutomu Nakada
- Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science (T. Nakada), School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo (N.K.)
| | - Miku Oya
- Cardiovascular Medicine (K.K., M.O., H.M.), School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto
| | - Miki Nonaka
- Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine (M.N.)
| | - Masami Sugihara
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo (M.S.)
| | - Hideyuki Kinoshita
- Cardiovascular Medicine (H.I., Y.N., H.K., K.M., H.Y., T. Nishikimi, T. Kimura), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji Moriuchi
- Cardiovascular Medicine (H.I., Y.N., H.K., K.M., H.Y., T. Nishikimi, T. Kimura), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | | | - Toshio Nishikimi
- Cardiovascular Medicine (H.I., Y.N., H.K., K.M., H.Y., T. Nishikimi, T. Kimura), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
- Wakakusa Tatsuma Rehabilitation Hospital, Osaka (T. Nishikimi)
| | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Cardiovascular Medicine (K.K., M.O., H.M.), School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto
| | - Mitsuhiko Yamada
- Molecular Pharmacology (T.N.-T., M.Y.), School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- School of Health Sciences Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa (S.M.)
| | - Kinya Otsu
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | | | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center (K.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Cardiovascular Medicine (H.I., Y.N., H.K., K.M., H.Y., T. Nishikimi, T. Kimura), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target of ~30% to 35% of all US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. The individual members of the GPCR superfamily couple to 1 or more functional classes of heterotrimeric G proteins. The physiological outcome of activating a particular GPCR in vivo depends on the pattern of receptor distribution and the type of G proteins activated by the receptor. Based on the structural and functional properties of their α-subunits, heterotrimeric G proteins are subclassified into 4 major families: Gs, Gi/o, Gq/11, and G12/13. Recent studies with genetically engineered mice have yielded important novel insights into the metabolic roles of Gi/o-type G proteins. For example, recent data indicate that Gi signaling in pancreatic α-cells plays a key role in regulating glucagon release and whole body glucose homeostasis. Receptor-mediated activation of hepatic Gi signaling stimulates hepatic glucose production, suggesting that inhibition of hepatic Gi signaling could prove clinically useful to reduce pathologically elevated blood glucose levels. Activation of adipocyte Gi signaling reduces plasma free fatty acid levels, thus leading to improved insulin sensitivity in obese, glucose-intolerant mice. These new data suggest that Gi-coupled receptors that are enriched in metabolically important cell types represent potential targets for the development of novel drugs useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
- Correspondence: Jürgen Wess, PhD, Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIH-NIDDK, Bldg. 8A, Room B1A-05, 8 Center Drive MSC 0810, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA.
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18
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Li Y, Hossain E, Arifen N, Srivastava AK, Anand-Srivastava MB. Sirtuin1 contributes to the overexpression of Giα proteins and hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2022; 40:117-127. [PMID: 34420010 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We earlier demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibit the overexpression of Giα proteins and hyperproliferation that is attributed to the enhanced levels of endogenous angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, the implication of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) a histone deacetylase class III family in Ang II-induced hypertension has also been shown. We recently demonstrated that Ang II increased the expression of Sirt1 in aortic VSMC that contributed to the overexpression of Giα proteins. However, whether Sirt1 is overexpressed in VSMC from SHR and is linked to the enhanced expression of Giα proteins and hyperproliferation remains unexplored. METHOD AND RESULTS In the present study, we show that Sirt1 is upregulated in VSMC from SHR and this upregulation was attenuated by AT1 receptor antagonist losartan. In addition, the inhibition or knockdown of Sirt1 by specific inhibitors EX 527 and NAM and/or siRNA attenuated the enhanced expression of Giα proteins, cell cycle proteins and hyperproliferation of VSMC from SHR. Furthermore, the enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide and NADPH oxidase subunits NOX2 and p47phox, increased phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2 and AKT displayed by VSMC from SHR were also attenuated by knocking down of Sirt1 by siRNA. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrate that Sirt1 is overexpressed in VSMC from SHR which through augmenting oxidative stress contributes to the enhanced expression of Giα proteins, cell cycle proteins and resultant hyperproliferation of VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Ekhtear Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Nahida Arifen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Ashok K Srivastava
- CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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19
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Kim J, Rahman MH, Lee WH, Suk K. Chemogenetic stimulation of the G i pathway in astrocytes suppresses neuroinflammation. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00822. [PMID: 34676988 PMCID: PMC8532135 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are commonly used in chemogenetics as designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). Although several GPCRs have been studied in astrocytes using a chemogenetic approach, the functional role of the astrocytic Gi pathway is not clear, as the literature is conflicting depending on the brain regions or behaviors investigated. In this study, we evaluated the role of the astrocytic Gi pathway in neuroinflammation using a Gi -coupled DREADD (hM4Di). Gi -DREADD was expressed in hippocampal astrocytes of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation mouse model using adeno-associated viruses. We found that astrocyte Gi -DREADD stimulation using clozapine N-oxide (CNO) inhibits neuroinflammation, as characterized by decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, glial activation, and cognitive impairment in mice. Subsequent experiments using primary astrocyte cultures revealed that Gi -DREADD stimulation significantly downregulated LPS-induced expression of Nos2 mRNA and nitric oxide production. Similarly, in vitro calcium imaging showed that activation of the astrocytic Gi pathway attenuated intracellular calcium transients triggered by LPS treatment, suggesting a positive correlation between enhanced calcium transients and the inflammatory phenotype of astrocytes observed in the inflamed brain. Taken together, our results indicate that the astrocytic Gi pathway plays an inhibitory role in neuroinflammation, providing an opportunity to identify potential cellular and molecular targets to control neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae‐Hong Kim
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence ProgramDepartment of Biomedical SciencesSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence ProgramDepartment of Biomedical SciencesSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Won Ha Lee
- School of Life SciencesBrain Korea 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence ProgramDepartment of Biomedical SciencesSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
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20
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Cao C, Kang HJ, Singh I, Chen H, Zhang C, Ye W, Hayes BW, Liu J, Gumpper RH, Bender BJ, Slocum ST, Krumm BE, Lansu K, McCorvy JD, Kroeze WK, English JG, DiBerto JF, Olsen RHJ, Huang XP, Zhang S, Liu Y, Kim K, Karpiak J, Jan LY, Abraham SN, Jin J, Shoichet BK, Fay JF, Roth BL. Structure, function and pharmacology of human itch GPCRs. Nature 2021; 600:170-175. [PMID: 34789874 PMCID: PMC9150435 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The MRGPRX family of receptors (MRGPRX1-4) is a family of mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors that have evolved relatively recently1. Of these, MRGPRX2 and MRGPRX4 are key physiological and pathological mediators of itch and related mast cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions2-5. MRGPRX2 couples to both Gi and Gq in mast cells6. Here we describe agonist-stabilized structures of MRGPRX2 coupled to Gi1 and Gq in ternary complexes with the endogenous peptide cortistatin-14 and with a synthetic agonist probe, respectively, and the development of potent antagonist probes for MRGPRX2. We also describe a specific MRGPRX4 agonist and the structure of this agonist in a complex with MRGPRX4 and Gq. Together, these findings should accelerate the structure-guided discovery of therapeutic agents for pain, itch and mast cell-mediated hypersensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/ultrastructure
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/ultrastructure
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/ultrastructure
- Pruritus/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/chemistry
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Isha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - He Chen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenlei Ye
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Byron W Hayes
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan H Gumpper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian J Bender
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samuel T Slocum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Lansu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Wesley K Kroeze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin G English
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey F DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reid H J Olsen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joel Karpiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lily Y Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan F Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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21
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Yang MY, Kim SK, Kim D, Liggett SB, Goddard WA. Structures and Agonist Binding Sites of Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R5 Complexed with Gi Protein and Validated against Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9293-9300. [PMID: 34542294 PMCID: PMC8650975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) function in taste perception, but are also expressed in many extraoral tissues, presenting attractive therapeutic targets. TAS2R5s expressed on human airway smooth muscle cells can induce bronchodilation for treating asthma and other obstructive diseases. But TAS2R5s display low agonist affinity and the lack of a 3D structure has hindered efforts to design more active ligands. We report the structure of the activated TAS2R5 coupled to the Gi protein and bound to each of 19 agonists, using computational approaches. These agonists bind to two polar residues in TM3 that are unique for TAS2R5 among 25 TAS2R subtypes. Our predicted results correlate well with experimental results of agonist-receptor signaling coefficients, providing validation of the predicted structure. These results provide highly specific data on how agonists activate TAS2R5, how modifications of ligand structure alter receptor activation, and a guide to structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Young Yang
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33602
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33602
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Medical Engineering, and Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33602
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
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22
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Bhattacharya I, Sharma SS, Sarkar H, Gupta A, Pradhan BS, Majumdar SS. FSH mediated cAMP signalling upregulates the expression of Gα subunits in pubertal rat Sertoli cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:100-105. [PMID: 34237428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) acts via FSH-Receptor (FSH-R) by employing cAMP as the dominant secondary messenger in testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) to support spermatogenesis. Binding of FSH to FSH-R, results the recruitment of the intracellular GTP binding proteins, either stimulatory Gαs or inhibitory Gαi that in turn regulate cAMP production in Sc. The cytosolic concentration of cAMP being generated by FSH-R thereafter critically determines the downstream fate of the FSH signalling. The pleiotropic action of FSH due to differential cAMP output during functional maturation of Sc has been well studied. However, the developmental and cellular regulation of the Gα proteins associated with FSH-R is poorly understood in Sc. In the present study, we report the differential transcriptional modulation of the Gα subunit genes by FSH mediated cAMP signalling in neonatal and pubertal rat Sc. Our data suggested that unlike in neonatal Sc, both the basal and FSH/forskolin induced expression of Gαs, Gαi-1, Gαi-2 and Gαi-3 transcripts was significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated in pubertal Sc. Further investigations involving treatment of Sc with selective Gαi inhibitor pertussis toxin, confirmed the elevated expression of Gi subunits in pubertal Sc. Collectively our results indicated that the high level of Gαi subunits serves as a negative regulator to optimize cAMP production in pubertal Sc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Dept. of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Souvik Sen Sharma
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India
| | - Hironmoy Sarkar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Alka Gupta
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bhola Shankar Pradhan
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subeer S Majumdar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500 032, Telangana, India.
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23
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Matei IV, Samukange VNC, Bunu G, Toren D, Ghenea S, Tacutu R. Knock-down of odr-3 and ife-2 additively extends lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21040-21065. [PMID: 34506301 PMCID: PMC8457566 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulations can ameliorate the aging process and extend the lifespan of model organisms. The aim of this research was to identify novel genetic interventions that promote both lifespan and healthspan, by combining the effects of multiple longevity-associated gene inactivations in C. elegans. For this, the individual and combined effects of the odr-3 mutation and of ife-2 and cku-70 knock-downs were studied, both in the wild type and daf-16 mutant backgrounds. We found that besides increasing the lifespan of wild type animals, the knock-down of ife-2 (starting at L4) also extends the lifespan and healthspan of long-lived odr-3 mutants. In the daf-16 background, ife-2 and odr-3 impairment exert opposing effects individually, while the daf-16; odr-3; ife-2 deficient animals show a similar lifespan and healthspan as daf-16, suggesting that the odr-3 and ife-2 effector outcomes converge downstream of DAF-16. By contrast, cku-70 knock-down did not extend the lifespan of single or double odr-3; ife-2 inactivated animals, and was slightly deleterious to healthspan. In conclusion, we report that impairment of odr-3 and ife-2 increases lifespan and healthspan in an additive and synergistic manner, respectively, and that this result is not improved by further knocking-down cku-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Valentin Matei
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Bunu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dmitri Toren
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Simona Ghenea
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robi Tacutu
- Systems Biology of Aging Group, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Nůsková H, Serebryakova MV, Ferrer-Caelles A, Sachsenheimer T, Lüchtenborg C, Miller AK, Brügger B, Kordyukova LV, Teleman AA. Stearic acid blunts growth-factor signaling via oleoylation of GNAI proteins. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4590. [PMID: 34321466 PMCID: PMC8319428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent attachment of C16:0 to proteins (palmitoylation) regulates protein function. Proteins are also S-acylated by other fatty acids including C18:0. Whether protein acylation with different fatty acids has different functional outcomes is not well studied. We show here that C18:0 (stearate) and C18:1 (oleate) compete with C16:0 to S-acylate Cys3 of GNAI proteins. C18:0 becomes desaturated so that C18:0 and C18:1 both cause S-oleoylation of GNAI. Exposure of cells to C16:0 or C18:0 shifts GNAI acylation towards palmitoylation or oleoylation, respectively. Oleoylation causes GNAI proteins to shift out of cell membrane detergent-resistant fractions where they potentiate EGFR signaling. Consequently, exposure of cells to C18:0 reduces recruitment of Gab1 to EGFR and reduces AKT activation. This provides a molecular mechanism for the anti-tumor effects of C18:0, uncovers a mechanistic link how metabolites affect cell signaling, and provides evidence that the identity of the fatty acid acylating a protein can have functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nůsková
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Ferrer-Caelles
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Aubry K Miller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larisa V Kordyukova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Hu R, Zhu X, Yuan M, Ho KH, Kaverina I, Gu G. Microtubules and Gαo-signaling modulate the preferential secretion of young insulin secretory granules in islet β cells via independent pathways. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241939. [PMID: 34292976 PMCID: PMC8297875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For sustainable function, each pancreatic islet β cell maintains thousands of insulin secretory granules (SGs) at all times. Glucose stimulation induces the secretion of a small portion of these SGs and simultaneously boosts SG biosynthesis to sustain this stock. The failure of these processes, often induced by sustained high-insulin output, results in type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, young insulin SGs are more likely secreted during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) for unknown reasons, while older SGs tend to lose releasability and be degraded. Here, we examine the roles of microtubule (MT) and Gαo-signaling in regulating the preferential secretion of young versus old SGs. We show that both MT-destabilization and Gαo inactivation results in more SGs localization near plasma membrane (PM) despite higher levels of GSIS and reduced SG biosynthesis. Intriguingly, MT-destabilization or Gαo-inactivation results in higher secretion probabilities of older SGs, while combining both having additive effects on boosting GSIS. Lastly, Gαo inactivation does not detectably destabilize the β-cell MT network. These findings suggest that Gαo and MT can modulate the preferential release of younger insulin SGs via largely parallel pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Program of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Program of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Mingyang Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Program of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Program of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Program of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GG); (IK)
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Program of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GG); (IK)
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26
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Demirel E, Arnold C, Garg J, Jäger MA, Sticht C, Li R, Kuk H, Wettschureck N, Hecker M, Korff T. RGS5 Attenuates Baseline Activity of ERK1/2 and Promotes Growth Arrest of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1748. [PMID: 34359918 PMCID: PMC8306326 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) acts as an inhibitor of Gαq/11 and Gαi/o activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which regulate arterial tone and blood pressure. While RGS5 has been described as a crucial determinant regulating the VSMC responses during various vascular remodeling processes, its regulatory features in resting VSMCs and its impact on their phenotype are still under debate and were subject of this study. While Rgs5 shows a variable expression in mouse arteries, neither global nor SMC-specific genetic ablation of Rgs5 affected the baseline blood pressure yet elevated the phosphorylation level of the MAP kinase ERK1/2. Comparable results were obtained with 3D cultured resting VSMCs. In contrast, overexpression of RGS5 in 2D-cultured proliferating VSMCs promoted their resting state as evidenced by microarray-based expression profiling and attenuated the activity of Akt- and MAP kinase-related signaling cascades. Moreover, RGS5 overexpression attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, VSMC proliferation, and migration, which was mimicked by selectively inhibiting Gαi/o but not Gαq/11 activity. Collectively, the heterogeneous expression of Rgs5 suggests arterial blood vessel type-specific functions in mouse VSMCs. This comprises inhibition of acute agonist-induced Gαq/11/calcium release as well as the support of a resting VSMC phenotype with low ERK1/2 activity by suppressing the activity of Gαi/o.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Demirel
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaspal Garg
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Andreas Jäger
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuk
- The Ottawa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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27
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Kindt KS, Akturk A, Jarysta A, Day M, Beirl A, Flonard M, Tarchini B. EMX2-GPR156-Gαi reverses hair cell orientation in mechanosensory epithelia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2861. [PMID: 34001891 PMCID: PMC8129141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cells detect sound, head position or water movements when their mechanosensory hair bundle is deflected. Each hair bundle has an asymmetric architecture that restricts stimulus detection to a single axis. Coordinated hair cell orientations within sensory epithelia further tune stimulus detection at the organ level. Here, we identify GPR156, an orphan GPCR of unknown function, as a critical regulator of hair cell orientation. We demonstrate that the transcription factor EMX2 polarizes GPR156 distribution, enabling it to signal through Gαi and trigger a 180° reversal in hair cell orientation. GPR156-Gαi mediated reversal is essential to establish hair cells with mirror-image orientations in mouse otolith organs in the vestibular system and in zebrafish lateral line. Remarkably, GPR156-Gαi also instructs hair cell reversal in the auditory epithelium, despite a lack of mirror-image organization. Overall, our work demonstrates that conserved GPR156-Gαi signaling is integral to the framework that builds directional responses into mechanosensory epithelia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Polarity/genetics
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alisha Beirl
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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28
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Zhang M, Gui M, Wang ZF, Gorgulla C, Yu JJ, Wu H, Sun ZYJ, Klenk C, Merklinger L, Morstein L, Hagn F, Plückthun A, Brown A, Nasr ML, Wagner G. Cryo-EM structure of an activated GPCR-G protein complex in lipid nanodiscs. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:258-267. [PMID: 33633398 PMCID: PMC8176890 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest superfamily of transmembrane proteins and the targets of over 30% of currently marketed pharmaceuticals. Although several structures have been solved for GPCR-G protein complexes, few are in a lipid membrane environment. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of complexes of neurotensin, neurotensin receptor 1 and Gαi1β1γ1 in two conformational states, resolved to resolutions of 4.1 and 4.2 Å. The structures, determined in a lipid bilayer without any stabilizing antibodies or nanobodies, reveal an extended network of protein-protein interactions at the GPCR-G protein interface as compared to structures obtained in detergent micelles. The findings show that the lipid membrane modulates the structure and dynamics of complex formation and provide a molecular explanation for the stronger interaction between GPCRs and G proteins in lipid bilayers. We propose an allosteric mechanism for GDP release, providing new insights into the activation of G proteins for downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miao Gui
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Gorgulla
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhen-Yu J Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Klenk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Merklinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Morstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz Hagn
- Bavarian NMR Center at the Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mahmoud L Nasr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gerhard Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Ear J, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Roy S, Ngo T, Rajapakse N, Choi J, Khandelwal S, Ghassemian M, McCaffrey L, Kufareva I, Sahoo D, Ghosh P. A long isoform of GIV/Girdin contains a PDZ-binding module that regulates localization and G-protein binding. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100493. [PMID: 33675748 PMCID: PMC8042451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PDZ domains are one of the most abundant protein domains in eukaryotes and are frequently found on junction-localized scaffold proteins. Various signaling molecules bind to PDZ proteins via PDZ-binding motifs (PBM) and fine-tune cellular signaling. However, how such interaction affects protein function is difficult to predict and must be solved empirically. Here we describe a long isoform of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GIV/Girdin (CCDC88A) that we named GIV-L, which is conserved throughout evolution, from invertebrates to vertebrates, and contains a PBM. Unlike GIV, which lacks PBM and is cytosolic, GIV-L localizes onto cell junctions and has a PDZ interactome (as shown through annotating Human Cell Map and BioID-proximity labeling studies), which impacts GIV-L's ability to bind and activate trimeric G-protein, Gαi, through its guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator (GEM) module. This GEM module is found exclusively in vertebrates. We propose that the two functional modules in GIV may have evolved sequentially: the ability to bind PDZ proteins via the PBM evolved earlier in invertebrates, whereas G-protein binding and activation may have evolved later only among vertebrates. Phenotypic studies in Caco-2 cells revealed that GIV and GIV-L may have antagonistic effects on cell growth, proliferation (cell cycle), and survival. Immunohistochemical analysis in human colon tissues showed that GIV expression increases with a concomitant decrease in GIV-L during cancer initiation. Taken together, these findings reveal how regulation in GIV/CCDC88A transcript helps to achieve protein modularity, which allows the protein to play opposing roles either as a tumor suppressor (GIV-L) or as an oncogene (GIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ear
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA.
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony Ngo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Navin Rajapakse
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julie Choi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Soni Khandelwal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA.
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30
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Abstract
This study aimed to screen autophagy-related genes (ARGs) that affect the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) gene expression data and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) databases. The expression data of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas were downloaded from TCGA and GTEx databases. Human ARGs list was obtained through the Human Autophagy Database (HADB) and GeneCards database. The Wilcox test was performed to screen differentially expressed ARGs. Differentially expressed ARGs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses. The CIBER-SORT algorithm was utilized to analyze immune cell infiltration in samples. A total of 21 up-regulated ARGs and 11 down-regulated ARGs were screened in the TCGA-GTEx integrated data set. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG showed that 32 differentially expressed ARGs were significantly enriched in autophagy-related pathways. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 12 candidate ARGs were significantly related to the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that ATG16L2, GNAI3, APOL1, and PTK6 genes may be the key ARGs affecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Based on these four key ARGs, a prognostic risk assessment model was constructed, and pancreatic cancer patients were classified into the high-risk and low-risk group according to the risk value. Survival analysis and ROC analysis confirmed that the prognostic risk assessment model can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Immune infiltration analysis found that B cells naive, B cells memory, plasma cells, T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory resting, monocytes and macrophages M0 were significantly different in tissue samples of pancreatic cancer patients in the high and low risk groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that the four key ARGs may affect the development of pancreatic cancer by affecting immune cell components in the tumor micro-environment. In conclusion, ATG16L2, GNAI3, APOL1, and PTK6 may be related to the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. The prognostic risk assessment model constructed based on these four key ARGs could accurately predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Haosheng Liu
- Central Laboratory, People's Hospital of Baoan District, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Hao
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
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31
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Corey EA, Ukhanov K, Bobkov YV, McIntyre JC, Martens JR, Ache BW. Inhibitory signaling in mammalian olfactory transduction potentially mediated by Gα o. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 110:103585. [PMID: 33358996 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory GPCRs (ORs) in mammalian olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) mediate excitation through the Gαs family member Gαolf. Here we tentatively associate a second G protein, Gαo, with inhibitory signaling in mammalian olfactory transduction by first showing that odor evoked phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent inhibition of signal transduction is absent in the native ORNs of mice carrying a conditional OMP-Cre based knockout of Gαo. We then identify an OR from native rat ORNs that are activated by octanol through cyclic nucleotide signaling and inhibited by citral in a PI3K-dependent manner. We show that the OR activates cyclic nucleotide signaling and PI3K signaling in a manner that reflects its functionality in native ORNs. Our findings lay the groundwork to explore the interesting possibility that ORs can interact with two different G proteins in a functionally identified, ligand-dependent manner to mediate opponent signaling in mature mammalian ORNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Corey
- Whitney Laboratory, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Kirill Ukhanov
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Yuriy V Bobkov
- Whitney Laboratory, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jeremy C McIntyre
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Martens
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Barry W Ache
- Whitney Laboratory, Dept. of Biology, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America; Whitney Laboratory, Dept. of Neuroscience, Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
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32
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Odagaki Y, Kinoshita M, Javier Meana J, Callado LF, García-Sevilla JA. Fundamental features of receptor-mediated Gα i/o activation in human prefrontal cortical membranes: A postmortem study. Brain Res 2020; 1747:147032. [PMID: 32745659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate possible abnormalities in transmembrane signal transduction in psychiatric diseases, use of autopsy brain is a feasible approach. However, postmortem studies should be interpreted with caution concerning such factors as age, gender, psychotropic drug history, agonal state, postmortem delay (PMD), and storage period. In this study, agonist-induced [35S]GTPγS binding was performed in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortical membranes of 40 control subjects. In addition to the previously reported G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated Gi/o activation, κ-opioid receptor-mediated [35S]GTPγS binding was detected by using U-50,448. The responses elicited by 16 different agonists were determined, and the effects of several factors were investigated. Gender difference was negligible. Concentration-response curve of histamine H3 receptor-mediated [35S]GTPγS binding was shifted rightward in the subjects with some drugs detected at toxicological screening. Age-related alterations were minimal, except for the age-dependent supersensitivity of μ-opioid receptor-mediated Gαi/o activation, revealed by endomorphin-1- and DAMGO-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. Age-related increase in %Emax values was also detected as to DPDPE-induced [35S]GTPγS binding through δ-opioid receptors. With an exception of NOP receptor/G-protein coupling, GPCR-mediated [35S]GTPγS binding is relatively stable irrespective of PMD or storage period. There were many positive correlations among the %Emax values for different receptor subtypes, which might reflect formation of heterodimer complex of such GPCRs coupled to the same Gi/o proteins. These results provide us with important fundamental data in the future project using human postmortem brains from patients with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Odagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Kinoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Luis F Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, E-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), and Institut d'investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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33
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Yip JLK, Lee MMK, Leung CCY, Tse MK, Cheung AST, Wong YH. AGS3 and Gα i3 Are Concomitantly Upregulated as Part of the Spindle Orientation Complex during Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215169. [PMID: 33172018 PMCID: PMC7664263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is modulated by many Gi-coupled receptors but the precise mechanism remains elusive. A key step for maintaining the population of neural stem cells in the adult is asymmetric cell division (ACD), a process which entails the formation of two evolutionarily conserved protein complexes that establish the cell polarity and spindle orientation. Since ACD is extremely difficult to monitor in stratified tissues such as the vertebrate brain, we employed human neural progenitor cell lines to examine the regulation of the polarity and spindle orientation complexes during neuronal differentiation. Several components of the spindle orientation complex, but not those of the polarity complex, were upregulated upon differentiation of ENStem-A and ReNcell VM neural progenitor cells. Increased expression of nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA), Gαi subunit, and activators of G protein signaling (AGS3 and LGN) coincided with the appearance of a neuronal marker (β-III tubulin) and the concomitant loss of neural progenitor cell markers (nestin and Sox-2). Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that both Gαi3 and NuMA were associated with AGS3 in differentiated ENStem-A cells. Interestingly, AGS3 appeared to preferentially interact with Gαi3 in ENStem-A cells, and this specificity for Gαi3 was recapitulated in co-immunoprecipitation experiments using HEK293 cells transiently overexpressing GST-tagged AGS3 and different Gαi subunits. Moreover, the binding of Gαi3 to AGS3 was suppressed by GTPγS and pertussis toxin. Disruption of AGS3/Gαi3 interaction by pertussis toxin indicates that AGS3 may recognize the same site on the Gα subunit as G protein-coupled receptors. Regulatory mechanisms controlling the formation of spindle orientation complex may provide novel means to manipulate ACD which in turn may have an impact on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson L. K. Yip
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Maggie M. K. Lee
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Crystal C. Y. Leung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Man K. Tse
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Annie S. T. Cheung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Yung H. Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2358-7328; Fax: +852-2358-1552
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34
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Abstract
Understanding the activation mechanism of the μ-opioid receptor (μ-OR) and its selective coupling to the inhibitory G protein (Gi) is vital for pharmaceutical research aimed at finding treatments for the opioid overdose crisis. Many attempts have been made to understand the mechanism of the μ-OR activation, following the elucidation of new crystal structures such as the antagonist- and agonist-bound μ-OR. However, the focus has not been placed on the underlying energetics and specificity of the activation process. An energy-based picture would not only help to explain this coupling but also help to explore why other possible options are not common. For example, one would like to understand why μ-OR is more selective to Gi than a stimulatory G protein (Gs). Our study used homology modeling and a coarse-grained model to generate all of the possible "end states" of the thermodynamic cycle of the activation of μ-OR. The end points were further used to generate reasonable intermediate structures of the receptor and the Gi to calculate two-dimensional free energy landscapes. The results of the landscape calculations helped to propose a plausible sequence of conformational changes in the μ-OR and Gi system and for exploring the path that leads to its activation. Furthermore, in silico alanine scanning calculations of the last 21 residues of the C terminals of Gi and Gs were performed to shed light on the selective binding of Gi to μ-OR. Overall, the present work appears to demonstrate the potential of multiscale modeling in exploring the action of G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Vesselin Kolev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Arieh Warshel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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35
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Leiss V, Schönsiegel A, Gnad T, Kerner J, Kaur J, Sartorius T, Machann J, Schick F, Birnbaumer L, Häring HU, Pfeifer A, Nürnberg B. Lack of Gα i2 proteins in adipocytes attenuates diet-induced obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101029. [PMID: 32480042 PMCID: PMC7306590 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Typically, obesity results from an inappropriate balance between energy uptake from nutrient consumption and burning of calories, which leads to a pathological increase in fat mass. Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance and diabetes. Inhibitory G proteins (Gαi) form a subfamily that is involved in the regulation of adipose tissue function. Among the three Gαi members, i.e. Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, the Gαi2, protein is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue. However, the functions of the Gαi2 isoform in adipose tissue and its impact on the development of obesity are poorly understood. METHODS By using AdipoqCreERT2 mice, we generated adipocyte-specific Gnai2-deficient mice to study Gαi2 function, specifically in white and brown adipocytes. These mice were fed either a control diet (CD) or a high fat diet (HFD). Mice were examined for obesity development, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. We examined adipocyte morphology and the development of inflammation in the white adipose tissue. Finally, intracellular cAMP levels as an indicator of Gαi signaling and glycerol release as an indicator of lipolysis rates were measured to verify the impact of Gαi2 on the signaling pathway in brown and white adipocytes. RESULTS An adipocyte-specific deficiency of Gαi2 significantly reduced diet-induced obesity, leading to decreased fat masses, smaller adipocytes and decreased inflammation in the white adipose tissue relative to littermate controls. Concurrently, oxygen consumption of brown adipocytes and in vivo measured energy expenditure were significantly enhanced. In addition, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of HFD-fed adipocyte-specific Gnai2-deficient mice were improved compared to the respective controls. In the absence of Gαi2, adrenergic stimulation of intracellular adipocyte cAMP levels was increased, which correlated with increased lipolysis and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION We conclude that adipocyte Gαi2 is a major regulator of adipocyte lipid content in diet-induced obesity by inhibiting adipocyte lipolysis in a cAMP-dependent manner resulting in increased energy expenditure.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/physiology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/physiology
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Lipolysis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacoge-nomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Schönsiegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacoge-nomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Kerner
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacoge-nomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jyotsna Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacoge-nomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Sartorius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany; Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA; Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacoge-nomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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Nam MH, Han KS, Lee J, Won W, Koh W, Bae JY, Woo J, Kim J, Kwong E, Choi TY, Chun H, Lee SE, Kim SB, Park KD, Choi SY, Bae YC, Lee CJ. Activation of Astrocytic μ-Opioid Receptor Causes Conditioned Place Preference. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1154-1166.e5. [PMID: 31365861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of how positive emotional valence (e.g., pleasure) causes preference of an associated context is poorly understood. Here, we show that activation of astrocytic μ-opioid receptor (MOR) drives conditioned place preference (CPP) by means of specific modulation of astrocytic MOR, an exemplar endogenous Gi protein-coupled receptor (Gi-GPCR), in the CA1 hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by a subthreshold stimulation with the activation of astrocytic MOR at the Schaffer collateral pathway accounts for the memory acquisition to induce CPP. This astrocytic MOR-mediated LTP induction is dependent on astrocytic glutamate released upon activation of the astrocytic MOR and the consequent activation of the presynaptic mGluR1. The astrocytic MOR-dependent LTP and CPP were recapitulated by a chemogenetic activation of astrocyte-specifically expressed Gi-DREADD hM4Di. Our study reveals that the transduction of inhibitory Gi-signaling into augmented excitatory synaptic transmission through astrocytic glutamate is critical for the acquisition of contextual memory for CPP.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Memory
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Jin Young Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Elliot Kwong
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Choi
- Department of Physiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea.
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Holdfeldt A, Lind S, Hesse C, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. The PAR4-derived pepducin P4Pal 10 lacks effect on neutrophil GPCRs that couple to Gαq for signaling but distinctly modulates function of the Gαi-coupled FPR2 and FFAR2. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114143. [PMID: 32653592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel mechanism of action was described for the protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4)-derived pepducin (P4Pal10), when it was shown to exhibit inhibitory efficacy towards G protein coupling to multiple Gαq-coupled receptors (Carr, R., 3rd et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 2016(89) 94). We could confirm that P4Pal10, similar to an earlier-characterized Gαq inhibitor (YM-254890), inhibited platelet aggregation induced by agonists for the Gαq-coupled receptors PAR1 and PAR4. Next, we applied P4Pal10 as a tool compound and investigated its modulatory effect on several Gαq- and Gαi-coupled GPCRs expressed by human neutrophils. P4Pal10 had, however, no inhibitory effects on signaling downstream of the Gαq-coupled receptors for ATP (P2Y2R) and PAF (PAFR). Instead, P4Pal10 inhibited signaling downstream the Gαi-coupled FPR2. The inhibition was not due to a direct effect on Gαi as the closely related FPR1 was unaffected. In addition, we found that the pepducin activated allosterically modulated short chain fatty acid receptor (FFAR2), a Gαi/Gαq coupled GPCR that is functionally expressed in neutrophils. Taken together, we show that pepducins are unique tool-compounds for mechanistic studies of GPCR signaling and modulation in neutrophils. The data presented add also lipopeptides into the known ligand recognition lists for the two pattern recognition receptors FPR2 and FFAR2, receptors that primarily sense formylated peptides and short free fatty acids, respectively, inflammatory mediators of microbial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hesse
- Department for Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhou X, Yang L, Fan X, Zhao X, Chang N, Yang L, Li L. Neutrophil Chemotaxis and NETosis in Murine Chronic Liver Injury via Cannabinoid Receptor 1/ Gα i/o/ ROS/ p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020373. [PMID: 32033504 PMCID: PMC7072548 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an essential role in the control of inflammatory diseases. However, whether cannabinoid receptors (CBs) play a role in neutrophil chemotaxis and NETosis in sterile liver inflammation remains unknown. The expression of marker genes on neutrophils was characterized by FACS, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. The amount of neutrophils was significantly elevated from 7 days and reached the peak at 2 weeks in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mouse liver. The mRNA expression of neutrophil marker Ly6G had positive correlation with CB1 and CB2 expression in injured liver. In vitro CBs were abundantly expressed in isolated neutrophils and CB1 agonist ACEA promoted the chemotaxis and cytoskeletal remodeling, which can be suppressed by CB1 antagonist AM281. Moreover, ACEA induced NETosis, myeloperoxidase release from lysosome and ROS burst, indicating neutrophil activation, via Gαi/o. Conversely, CB2 agonist JWH133 had no effect on neutrophil function. ROS and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were involved in CB1-mediated neutrophil function, and ROS was upstream of p38 MAPK. CB1 blockade in vivo significantly attenuated neutrophil infiltration and liver inflammation in CCl4-treated mice. Taken together, CB1 mediates neutrophil chemotaxis and NETosis via Gαi/o/ROS/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in liver inflammation, which represents an effective therapeutic strategy for liver diseases.
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Mishra C, Mohapatra S. An integrative bioinformatics analysis of caprine GNAI3 gene. J Genet 2020; 99:25. [PMID: 32366735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Goat is the most preferred domesticated animal in Indian subcontinent. However, the climatic change-induced heat stresscauses a formidable challenge for maintaining optimum productivity. G protein subunit alpha i3 (GNAI3) is one of the genes that may have significant role in heat tolerance mechanism in goats. The caprine GNAI3 gene was searched for homology analysis and its three dimensional protein structure was predicted followed by its validation through in silico approach. Nucleotide sequence-based phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the caprine GNAI3 gene has close evolutionary relationship with that of Ovis aries. Homology modelling of caprine GNAI3 protein was done in MODELLER 9.18 (P1), PHYRE2 (P2), GENO3D (P3) and SWISS MODEL (P4). The modelled structures were further validated after observing the Ramachandran and hydrophobicity plots. In the best of three dimensional protein structure (P4 as produced by SWISS MODEL), 330 (98.8%), three (0.9%) and one (0.3%) amino acid residues were found in favoured region, allowed region and outlier region, respectively. Degree of hydrophobicity of the generated protein structures revealed the presence of alternate hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. The ligand receptor interaction site of the predicted 3D model was traced out using Discovery Studio 3.5. STRING database revealed protein interactions with Plcb1, Plcb2, Plcb3 and other proteins of G family such as Gnb1, Gnb2, Gnb3,Gnb4, Gng2, Gng4 and Gpsm1. KEGG pathway maps revealed interaction with eNOS, iNOS, VEGF and MAPK, which are reported to be transcribed in response to heat stress. Thus, caprine GNAI3 can be used as a possible biomarker for studying heattolerance mechanism in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Mishra
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751 003, India.
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40
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Neumann S, Malik SS, Marcus-Samuels B, Eliseeva E, Jang D, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Krieger CC, Gershengorn MC. Thyrotropin Causes Dose-dependent Biphasic Regulation of cAMP Production Mediated by G s and G i/o Proteins. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 97:2-8. [PMID: 31704717 PMCID: PMC6864415 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) signals via G proteins of all four classes and β-arrestin 1. Stimulation of TSHR leads to increasing cAMP production that has been reported as a monotonic dose-response curve that plateaus at high TSH doses. In HEK 293 cells overexpressing TSHRs (HEK-TSHR cells), we found that TSHR activation exhibits an "inverted U-shaped dose-response curve" with increasing cAMP production at low doses of TSH and decreased cAMP production at high doses (>1 mU/ml). Since protein kinase A inhibition by H-89 and knockdown of β-arrestin 1 or β-arrestin 2 did not affect the decreased cAMP production at high TSH doses, we studied the roles of TSHR downregulation and of Gi/Go proteins. A high TSH dose (100 mU/ml) caused a 33% decrease in cell-surface TSHR. However, because inhibiting TSHR downregulation with combined expression of a dominant negative dynamin 1 and β-arrestin 2 knockdown had no effect, we concluded that downregulation is not involved in the biphasic cAMP response. Pertussis toxin, which inhibits activation of Gi/Go, abolished the biphasic response with no statistically significant difference in cAMP levels at 1 and 100 mU/ml TSH. Concordantly, co-knockdown of Gi/Go proteins increased cAMP levels stimulated by 100 mU/ml TSH from 55% to 73% of the peak level. These data show that biphasic regulation of cAMP production is mediated by Gs and Gi/Go at low and high TSH doses, respectively, which may represent a mechanism to prevent overstimulation in TSHR-expressing cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We demonstrate biphasic regulation of TSH-mediated cAMP production involving coupling of the TSH receptor (TSHR) to Gs at low TSH doses and to Gi/o at high TSH doses. We suggest that this biphasic cAMP response allows the TSHR to mediate responses at lower levels of TSH and that decreased cAMP production at high doses may represent a mechanism to prevent overstimulation of TSHR-expressing cells. This mechanism could prevent chronic stimulation of thyroid gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neumann
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah S Malik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernice Marcus-Samuels
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elena Eliseeva
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daesong Jang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine C Krieger
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marvin C Gershengorn
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (S.N., S.S.M., B.M.-S., E.E., D.J., C.C.K., M.C.G.) and Metabolic Disease Branch (J.K.-G.), National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Vega SC, Leiss V, Piekorz R, Calaminus C, Pexa K, Vuozzo M, Schmid AM, Devanathan V, Kesenheimer C, Pichler BJ, Beer-Hammer S, Nürnberg B. Selective protection of murine cerebral G i/o-proteins from inactivation by parenterally injected pertussis toxin. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:97-110. [PMID: 31811326 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PTX) is a potent virulence factor in patients suffering from whooping cough, but in its detoxified version, it is applied for vaccination. It is thought to contribute to the pathology of the disease including various CNS malfunctions. Based on its enzymatic activity, PTX disrupts GPCR-dependent signaling by modifying the α-subunit of heterotrimeric Gi/o-proteins. It is also extensively used as a research tool to study neuronal functions in vivo and in vitro. However, data demonstrating the penetration of PTX from the blood into the brain are missing. Here, we examined the Gαi/o-modifying activity of PTX in murine brains after its parenteral application. Ex vivo biodistribution analysis of [124I]-PTX displayed poor distribution to the brain while relatively high concentrations were visible in the pancreas. PTX affected CNS and endocrine functions of the pancreas as shown by open-field and glucose tolerance tests, respectively. However, while pancreatic islet Gαi/o-proteins were modified, their neuronal counterparts in brain tissue were resistant towards PTX as indicated by different autoradiographic and immunoblot SDS-PAGE analyses. In contrast, PTX easily modified brain Gαi/o-proteins ex vivo. An attempt to increase BBB permeability by application of hypertonic mannitol did not show PTX activity on neuronal G proteins. Consistent with these findings, in vivo MRI analysis did not point to an increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability following PTX treatment. Our data demonstrate that the CNS is protected from PTX. Thus, we hypothesize that the BBB hinders PTX to penetrate into the CNS and to deliver its enzymatic activity to brain Gαi/o-proteins. KEY MESSAGES: i.p. applied PTX is poorly retained in the brain while reaches high concentration in the pancreas. Pancreatic islet Gαi/o- but not cerebral Gαi/o-proteins are modified by i.p. administered PTX. Gαi/o-proteins from isolated cerebral cell membranes were easily modified by PTX ex vivo. CNS is protected from i.p. administered PTX. PTX does not permeabilize the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Castaneda Vega
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Piekorz
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Calaminus
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Pexa
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marta Vuozzo
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vasudharani Devanathan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Christian Kesenheimer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.
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Rana R, Shearer AM, Fletcher EK, Nguyen N, Guha S, Cox DH, Abdelmalek M, Wang Y, Baleja JD, Covic L, Kuliopulos A. PAR2 controls cholesterol homeostasis and lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2019; 29:99-113. [PMID: 31668396 PMCID: PMC6742970 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increases in hepatic and plasma cholesterol occur in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although the reason for this is not well understood. We investigated whether Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) plays a role in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis in NAFLD. METHODS Human liver biopsies (n = 108) were quantified for PAR2 expression from NAFLD cases randomly selected and stratified by liver fibrosis stage, the primary predictor for clinical outcomes, while controlling for age, gender, and BMI between fibrosis groups. Demographic data and laboratory studies on plasma samples were obtained within 6 months of liver biopsy. Wild-type and PAR2-KO (C57BL/6 F2rl1-/-) mice were fed either normal or high fat diet for 16 weeks and plasma and liver assayed for lipids and soluble metabolites. RESULTS Severity of NAFLD and plasma cholesterol levels significantly correlated with hepatocyte PAR2 expression in NAFLD patients. Conversely, PAR2 deficiency in mice resulted in reduced expression of key hepatic genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, a 50% drop in plasma and total liver cholesterol, and induced a reverse cholesterol transport system that culminated in 25% higher fecal bile acid output. PAR2-deficient mice exhibited enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation with a ketogenic shift and an unexpected increase in liver glycogenesis. Mechanistic studies identified Gi-Jnk1/2 as key downstream effectors of protease-activated PAR2 in the regulation of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis in liver. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PAR2 may be a new target for the suppression of plasma cholesterol and hepatic fat accumulation in NAFLD and related metabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Rana
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Andrew M Shearer
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Srijoy Guha
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Daniel H Cox
- Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Manal Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - James D Baleja
- Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lidija Covic
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Pang Y, Thomas P. Role of mPRα (PAQR7) in progesterone-induced Ca2+ decrease in human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:199-213. [PMID: 31416049 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have shown progesterone exerts a direct action on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to induce relaxation through activation of membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα)-dependent signaling pathways, but information on downstream events is lacking. Progesterone-induced changes in calcium concentrations in human umbilical artery VSMCs through mPRα-dependent signaling pathways and the involvement of Rho/ROCK signaling were investigated. Acute in vitro treatment with progesterone and the selective mPRα agonist 10-ethenyl-19-norprogesterone (Org OD 02-0, 02-0) blocked the rapid prostaglandin F2α-induced calcium increase. This inhibitory progesterone action was prevented by knockdown of mPRα but not by knockdown of the nuclear progesterone receptor, confirming it is mediated through mPRα. The decrease in calcium levels and VSMC relaxation were abolished by treatment with FPL64176 (Ca2+ channel activator), supporting a role for decreased calcium channel activity in this progesterone action. The reduction in calcium was attenuated by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, 8-Bromo-cAMP and forskolin, indicating this progesterone action involves activation of an inhibitory G protein and downregulation of cAMP-dependent signaling. Inhibition of MAPK and Akt signaling with PD98059 and ML-9, respectively, prevented the progesterone-induced calcium concentration decrease and VSMC relaxation. Forskolin decreased progesterone-induced MAPK and Akt phosphorylation which suggests that the cAMP status influences calcium levels indirectly through altering these signaling pathways. Progesterone and 02-0 treatments decreased RhoA activity and ROCK phosphorylation, which suggests that reduced RhoA/ROCK signaling is a component of the mPRα-mediated progesterone actions on VSMCs. The results suggest that progesterone induces VSMC relaxation by reducing cellular calcium levels through mPRα-induced alterations in multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas, USA
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Kato HE, Zhang Y, Hu H, Suomivuori CM, Kadji FMN, Aoki J, Krishna Kumar K, Fonseca R, Hilger D, Huang W, Latorraca NR, Inoue A, Dror RO, Kobilka BK, Skiniotis G. Conformational transitions of a neurotensin receptor 1-G i1 complex. Nature 2019; 572:80-85. [PMID: 31243364 PMCID: PMC7065593 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that engages multiple subtypes of G protein, and is involved in the regulation of blood pressure, body temperature, weight and the response to pain. Here we present structures of human NTSR1 in complex with the agonist JMV449 and the heterotrimeric Gi1 protein, at a resolution of 3 Å. We identify two conformations: a canonical-state complex that is similar to recently reported GPCR-Gi/o complexes (in which the nucleotide-binding pocket adopts more flexible conformations that may facilitate nucleotide exchange), and a non-canonical state in which the G protein is rotated by about 45 degrees relative to the receptor and exhibits a more rigid nucleotide-binding pocket. In the non-canonical state, NTSR1 exhibits features of both active and inactive conformations, which suggests that the structure may represent an intermediate form along the activation pathway of G proteins. This structural information, complemented by molecular dynamics simulations and functional studies, provides insights into the complex process of G-protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki E Kato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carl-Mikael Suomivuori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaavya Krishna Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rasmus Fonseca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Caron A, Reynolds RP, Castorena CM, Michael NJ, Lee CE, Lee S, Berdeaux R, Scherer PE, Elmquist JK. Adipocyte Gs but not Gi signaling regulates whole-body glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2019; 27:11-21. [PMID: 31279640 PMCID: PMC6717754 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a key regulator of the metabolic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue. Increased SNS outflow promotes fat mobilization, stimulates non-shivering thermogenesis, promotes browning, and inhibits leptin production. Most of these effects are attributed to norepinephrine activation of the Gs-coupled beta adrenergic receptors located on the surface of the adipocytes. Evidence suggests that other adrenergic receptor subtypes, including the Gi-coupled alpha 2 adrenergic receptors might also mediate the SNS effects on adipose tissue. However, the impact of acute stimulation of adipocyte Gs and Gi has never been reported. Methods We harness the power of chemogenetics to develop unique mouse models allowing the specific and spatiotemporal stimulation of adipose tissue Gi and Gs signaling. We evaluated the impact of chemogenetic stimulation of these pathways on glucose homeostasis, lipolysis, leptin production, and gene expression. Results Stimulation of Gs signaling in adipocytes induced rapid and sustained hypoglycemia. These hypoglycemic effects were secondary to increased insulin release, likely consequent to increased lipolysis. Notably, we also observed differences in gene regulation and ex vivo lipolysis in different adipose depots. In contrast, acute stimulation of Gi signaling in adipose tissue did not affect glucose metabolism or lipolysis, but regulated leptin production. Conclusion Our data highlight the significance of adipose Gs signaling in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis. We also found previously unappreciated heterogeneity across adipose depots following acute stimulation. Together, these results highlight the complex interactions of GPCR signaling in adipose tissue and demonstrate the usefulness of chemogenetic technology to better understand adipocyte function. Chemogenetic stimulation of Gs signaling in adipose tissue potently induces hypoglycemia in mice. The magnitude by which adipose Gs stimulation reduces blood glucose is similar to the hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Chemogenetic stimulation of Gs signaling in adipose tissue ex vivo stimulates lipolysis. Chemogenetic stimulation of adipose Gi signaling does not affect glycemia or lipolysis, but increases leptin levels. Our data demonstrate the usefulness of chemogenetic technology to understand adipocytes functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Caron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Ryan P Reynolds
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos M Castorena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Natalie J Michael
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte E Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases at the Brown Foundation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Cha HL, Choi JM, Oh HH, Bashyal N, Kim SS, Birnbaumer L, Suh-Kim H. Deletion of the α subunit of the heterotrimeric Go protein impairs cerebellar cortical development in mice. Mol Brain 2019; 12:57. [PMID: 31221179 PMCID: PMC6585000 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Go is a member of the pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o family. Despite its abundance in the central nervous system, the precise role of Go remains largely unknown compared to other G proteins. In the present study, we explored the functions of Go in the developing cerebellar cortex by deleting its gene, Gnao. We performed a histological analysis with cerebellar sections of adult mice by cresyl violet- and immunostaining. Global deletion of Gnao induced cerebellar hypoplasia, reduced arborization of Purkinje cell dendrites, and atrophied Purkinje cell dendritic spines and the terminal boutons of climbing fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus. These results indicate that Go-mediated signaling pathway regulates maturation of presynaptic parallel fibers from granule cells and climbing fibers during the cerebellar cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Cha
- Departments of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Choi
- Departments of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Huy-Hyen Oh
- Departments of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Narayan Bashyal
- Departments of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, World cup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Departments of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, 27709 NC USA
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Argentina, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1300, Edificio San Jose Piso 3, C1107AAZ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haeyoung Suh-Kim
- Departments of Anatomy, Ajou University School of Medicine, Woldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University School of Medicine, World cup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499 South Korea
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Bull Melsom C, Cosson MV, Ørstavik Ø, Lai NC, Hammond HK, Osnes JB, Skomedal T, Nikolaev V, Levy FO, Krobert KA. Constitutive inhibitory G protein activity upon adenylyl cyclase-dependent cardiac contractility is limited to adenylyl cyclase type 6. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218110. [PMID: 31173603 PMCID: PMC6556981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that inhibitory G protein (Gi) exerts intrinsic receptor-independent inhibitory activity upon adenylyl cyclase (AC) that regulates contractile force in rat ventricle. The two major subtypes of AC in the heart are AC5 and AC6. The aim of this study was to determine if this intrinsic Gi inhibition regulating contractile force is AC subtype selective. METHODS Wild-type (WT), AC5 knockout (AC5KO) and AC6 knockout (AC6KO) mice were injected with pertussis toxin (PTX) to inactivate Gi or saline (control).Three days after injection, we evaluated the effect of simultaneous inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE) 3 and 4 with cilostamide and rolipram respectively upon in vivo and ex vivo left ventricular (LV) contractile function. Also, changes in the level of cAMP were measured in left ventricular homogenates and at the membrane surface in cardiomyocytes obtained from the same mouse strains expressing the cAMP sensor pmEPAC1 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). RESULTS Simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition increased in vivo and ex vivo rate of LV contractility only in PTX-treated WT and AC5KO mice but not in saline-treated controls. Likewise, Simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition elevated total cAMP levels in PTX-treated WT and AC5KO mice compared to saline-treated controls. In contrast, simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition did not increase in vivo or ex vivo rate of LV contractility or cAMP levels in PTX-treated AC6KO mice compared to saline-treated controls. Using FRET analysis, an increase of cAMP level was detected at the membrane of cardiomyocytes after simultaneous PDE3 and PDE4 inhibition in WT and AC5KO but not AC6KO. These FRET data are consistent with the functional data indicating that AC6 activity and PTX inhibition of Gi is necessary for simultaneous inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 to elicit an increase in contractility. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest that AC6 is tightly regulated by intrinsic receptor-independent Gi activity, thus providing a mechanism for maintaining low basal cAMP levels in the functional compartment that regulates contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bull Melsom
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Marie-Victoire Cosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Øivind Ørstavik
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Ngai Chin Lai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego,
California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego,
California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | - Jan-Bjørn Osnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Tor Skomedal
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | | | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
| | - Kurt Allen Krobert
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo,
Norway
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Sun F, Huang Y, Li L, Wang Y, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. PKA/β2-AR-Gs/Gi signaling pathway is associated with anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects of Fuzi and Banxia combination on rats subjected to pressure overload. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 235:375-384. [PMID: 30738114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Either Aconite Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi) or Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) exerts anti-inflammatory activity and their combination has long been used in China for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, combination of two drugs is controversially prohibited in clinical prescriptions because it serves a representative incompatible pairs in "eighteen antagonisms". Up to date, whether the combination of Fuzi and Banxia could be used for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) especially charactered by systemic inflammation and the potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The pros and cons of Fuzi in combination with Banxia were evaluated in pressure overload (PO) rat models of HF in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to abdominal aorta constriction or sham-operated procedure. From week 12, rats were administered with low dose Fuzi (5.4 g kg-1 d-1), Banxia (5.4 g kg-1 d-1), combination (5.4 g kg-1 d-1 + 5.4 g kg-1 d-1), high dose Fuzi (10.8 g kg-1 d-1) or with vehicle (n = 15 per group) orally for additional 6 weeks. RESULTS Fuzi alone treatment led to exaggerated cardiac-renal response to PO, and occurred dramatically at high dose as manifested by markedly exacerbated cardiac-renal inflammation and myocardial fibrosis. Further studies revealed that cardiotoxicity of Fuzi may be associated with highly expression levels of β2-AR and PKA. In contrast, coadministration of Fuzi and Banxia restored cardiac function, as indicated by relieving inflammation and fibrosis as well as normalizing electrocardiogram parameters, which were accompanied by PKA down-regulation. More importantly, both high dose Fuzi and combination treatment enhanced induction of apoptosis, which could be partially associated with inhibition of β2-AR-Gi signaling. CONCLUSION Thus, combination of Fuzi and Banxia elicited concurrent protective and toxic effects in PO induced HF. The protective effect appeared to predominate and was associated with suppression of PKA/β2-AR-Gs signaling pathway. Unlike the eighteen antagonisms theory where Fuzi and Banxia combination was considered incompatible, in the present study, this herb pairs appeared to be benefit, and probably had potential therapeutic prospect in treating HFpEF and diseases associated with inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Diterpenes
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/pathology
- Male
- Pinellia/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Sun
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drugs Research and Development Center, Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Yingying Huang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lili Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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49
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Kienitz MC, Niemeyer A, König GM, Kostenis E, Pott L, Rinne A. Biased signaling of Ca 2+-sensing receptors in cardiac myocytes regulates GIRK channel activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:107-121. [PMID: 30935998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) belong to the class C of G protein-coupled receptors and are activated by extracellular Ca2+. CaSRs display biased G protein signaling by coupling to different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins depending on agonist and cell type. In this study we used fluorescent biosensors to directly analyze G protein coupling to CaSRs and downstream signaling in living cells. In HEK 293 cells, CaSRs displayed biased signaling: elevation of extracellular Ca2+ or application of the alternative agonist spermine caused activation of Gi- and Gq-proteins. Adult cardiac myocytes express endogenous CaSRs, which have been implicated in regulating Ca2+ signaling and contractility. Biased signaling of CaSRs has not been investigated in these cells. To evaluate efficiencies of Gi- and Gq-signaling via CaSRs in rat atrial myocytes, we measured G protein-activated K+ (GIRK) channels. Activation of GIRK requires binding of Gβγ subunits released from Gi proteins, whereas Gq-signaling results in inhibition of GIRK channel activity. Stimulation of CaSRs by Ca2+ or spermine failed to directly activate Gi and GIRK channels. When GIRK channels were pre-activated via endogenous M2 receptors, stimulation of CaSRs caused pronounced inhibition of GIRK currents. This effect was specific to CaSR activation: GIRK current inhibition was sensitive to NPS-2143, a negative allosteric modulator of CaSRs, and abrogated by FR900359, a direct inhibitor of Gq. GIRK current inhibition was also sensitive to the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, suggesting that following activation of CaSR and Gq, GIRK currents are modulated by PKC phosphorylation. We conclude from this data that cardiac CaSRs do not activate Gi and affect GIRK currents preferentially via the Gq/PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Niemeyer
- Department of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lutz Pott
- Department of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Rinne
- Department of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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50
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Feng H, Larrivee CL, Demireva EY, Xie H, Leipprandt JR, Neubig RR. Mouse models of GNAO1-associated movement disorder: Allele- and sex-specific differences in phenotypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211066. [PMID: 30682176 PMCID: PMC6347370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants and children with dominant de novo mutations in GNAO1 exhibit movement disorders, epilepsy, or both. Children with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations exhibit Epileptiform Encephalopathy 17 (EIEE17). Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations or those with normal function are found in patients with Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Involuntary Movements (NEDIM). There is no animal model with a human mutant GNAO1 allele. OBJECTIVES Here we develop a mouse model carrying a human GNAO1 mutation (G203R) and determine whether the clinical features of patients with this GNAO1 mutation, which includes both epilepsy and movement disorder, would be evident in the mouse model. METHODS A mouse Gnao1 knock-in GOF mutation (G203R) was created by CRISPR/Cas9 methods. The resulting offspring and littermate controls were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests. A previously reported GOF mutant mouse knock-in (Gnao1+/G184S), which has not been found in patients, was also studied for comparison. RESULTS Gnao1+/G203R mutant mice are viable and gain weight comparably to controls. Homozygotes are non-viable. Grip strength was decreased in both males and females. Male Gnao1+/G203R mice were strongly affected in movement assays (RotaRod and DigiGait) while females were not. Male Gnao1+/G203R mice also showed enhanced seizure propensity in the pentylenetetrazole kindling test. Mice with a G184S GOF knock-in also showed movement-related behavioral phenotypes but females were more strongly affected than males. CONCLUSIONS Gnao1+/G203R mice phenocopy children with heterozygous GNAO1 G203R mutations, showing both movement disorder and a relatively mild epilepsy pattern. This mouse model should be useful in mechanistic and preclinical studies of GNAO1-related movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Casandra L. Larrivee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Elena Y. Demireva
- Transgenic and Genome Editing Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Huirong Xie
- Transgenic and Genome Editing Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jeff R. Leipprandt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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