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Tang Q, Xing X, Huang H, Yang J, Li M, Xu X, Gao X, Liang C, Tian W, Liao L. Eliminating senescent cells by white adipose tissue-targeted senotherapy alleviates age-related hepatic steatosis through decreasing lipolysis. GeroScience 2024; 46:3149-3167. [PMID: 38217637 PMCID: PMC11009221 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an important risk factor in the development of hepatic steatosis. Senolytics present therapeutic effects on age-related hepatic steatosis without eliminating senescent hepatocytes directly. Therefore, it highlights the need to find senolytics' therapeutic targets. Dysfunction of adipose tissue underlies the critical pathogenesis of lipotoxicity in the liver. However, the correlation between adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis during aging and its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. We explored the correlation between white adipose tissue (WAT) and the liver during aging and evaluated the effect of lipolysis of aged WAT on hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte senescence. We screened out the ideal senolytics for WAT and developed a WAT-targeted delivery system for senotherapy. We assessed senescence and lipolysis of WAT and hepatic lipid accumulation after treatment. The results displayed that aging accelerated cellular senescence and facilitated lipolysis of WAT. Free fatty acids (FFAs) generated by WAT during aging enhanced hepatic steatosis and induced hepatocyte senescence. The combined usage of dasatinib and quercetin was screened out as the ideal senolytics to eliminate senescent cells in WAT. To minimize non-specific distribution and enhance the effectiveness of senolytics, liposomes decorated with WAT affinity peptide P3 were constructed for senotherapy in vivo. In vivo study, WAT-targeted treatment eliminated senescent cells in WAT and reduced lipolysis, resulting in the alleviation of hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatocyte senescence when compared to non-targeted treatment, providing a novel tissue-targeted, effective and safe senotherapy for age-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaotao Xing
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haisen Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Maojiao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Liao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No.14, 3Rd Section Of Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Chand S, Tripathi AS, Dewani AP, Sheikh NWA. Molecular targets for management of diabetes: Remodelling of white adipose to brown adipose tissue. Life Sci 2024; 345:122607. [PMID: 38583857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterised metabolic dysfunction that results in elevated glucose level in the bloodstream. Diabetes is of two types, type1 and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is considered as one of the major reasons intended for incidence of diabetes hence it turns out to be essential to study about the adipose tissue which is responsible for fat storage in body. Adipose tissues play significant role in maintaining the balance between energy stabilization and homeostasis. The three forms of adipose tissue are - White adipose tissue (WAT), Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and Beige adipose tissue (intermediate form). The amount of BAT gets reduced, and WAT starts to increase with the age. WAT when exposed to certain stimuli gets converted to BAT by the help of certain transcriptional regulators. The browning of WAT has been a matter of study to treat the metabolic disorders and to initiate the expenditure of energy. The three main regulators responsible for the browning of WAT are PRDM16, PPARγ and PGC-1α via various cellular and molecular mechanism. Presented review article includes the detailed elaborative aspect of genes and proteins involved in conversion of WAT to BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushmita Chand
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, ERA College of Pharmacy, ERA University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anil P Dewani
- Department of Pharmacology, P. Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
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Hu Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Weng L, Cai Z, He B. The Different Shades of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y. [PMID: 38607478 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By providing a concise overview of adipose tissue types, elucidating the regulation of adipose thermogenic capacity in both physiological contexts and chronic wasting diseases (a protracted hypermetabolic state that precipitates sustained catabolism and consequent progressive corporeal atrophy), and most importantly, delving into the ongoing discourse regarding the role of adipose tissue thermogenic activation in chronic wasting diseases, this review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the field. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue, traditionally classified as white, brown, and beige (brite) based on its thermogenic activity and potential, is intricately regulated by complex mechanisms in response to exercise or cold exposure. This regulation is adipose depot-specific and dependent on the duration of exposure. Excessive thermogenic activation of adipose tissue has been observed in chronic wasting diseases and has been considered a pathological factor that accelerates disease progression. However, this conclusion may be confounded by the detrimental effects of excessive lipolysis. Recent research also suggests that such activation may play a beneficial role in the early stages of chronic wasting disease and provide potential therapeutic effects. A more comprehensive understanding of the changes in adipose tissue thermogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms, is essential for the development of novel interventions to improve health and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yangjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lvkan Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Zhu X, Zeng C, Yu B. White adipose tissue in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102336. [PMID: 38604293 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition globally, currently lacking universally recognized therapeutic drugs, thereby increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Research has reported an association between white adipose tissue and MAFLD. SCOPE OF REVIEW White adipose tissue (WAT) is involved in lipid metabolism and can contribute to the progression of MAFLD by mediating insulin resistance, inflammation, exosomes, autophagy, and other processes. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which WAT plays a role in the development of MAFLD. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS WAT participates in the occurrence and progression of MAFLD by mediating insulin resistance, inflammation, autophagy, and exosome secretion. Fibrosis and restricted expansion of adipose tissue can lead to the release of more free fatty acids (FFA), exacerbating the progression of MAFLD. WAT-secreted TNF-α and IL-1β, through the promotion of JNK/JKK/p38MAPK expression, interfere with insulin receptor serine and tyrosine phosphorylation, worsening insulin resistance. Adiponectin, by inhibiting the TLR-4-NF-κB pathway and suppressing M2 to M1 transformation, further inhibits the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, improving insulin resistance in MAFLD patients. Various gene expressions within WAT, such as MBPAT7, Nrf2, and Ube4A, can ameliorate insulin resistance in MAFLD patients. Autophagy-related gene Atg7 promotes the expression of fibrosis-related genes, worsening MAFLD. Non-pharmacological treatments, including diabetes-related medications and exercise, can improve MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Chuanfei Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China
| | - Baoping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, PR China.
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Valle MI, Cutini PH, Cepeda SB, Campelo AE, Sandoval MJ, Massheimer VL. Direct in vitro action of estrone on uterine and white adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 583:112142. [PMID: 38154755 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis whether estrone (E1) could exhibit a direct action at uterus and white adipose tissue (WAT), under obesity was tested. In uterine tissue of obese rats, E1 increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The anti-oxidative action of E1 was sustained under inflammatory stress or high glucose levels. ICI 182780 or G15 compounds were employed as ER or GPER antagonists respectively. The action of E1 on ROS release involved ER participation; instead GPER mediated the acute stimulation on NO production. The antioxidative effect depends on NO-ROS balance. NO synthase (NOS) blockage suppressed the reduction in ROS synthesis elicited by E1, effect mediated by cNOS and not by iNOS. On WAT explants, E1 reduced ROS and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production, and diminished leptin release. In summary, the data provide evidence that, in uterus and WAT, E1 counteracts inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ivone Valle
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Pablo H Cutini
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sabrina B Cepeda
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Adrián E Campelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Bioterio Del Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marisa J Sandoval
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Virginia L Massheimer
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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Park YJ, Seo DW, Gil TY, Kim HJ, Jin JS, Cha YY, An HJ. Sipyimigwanjung-tang, a traditional herbal medication, alleviates weight gain in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27463. [PMID: 38495187 PMCID: PMC10943437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to the development of metabolic syndrome and comorbidities. Overweight and obesity continue to be a relentless global issue. Sipyimigwanjung-tang (SGT), a traditional herbal medication, was first mentioned in Dongui Sasang Shinpyun and has been used to treat edema, meteorism, and jaundice, which are common findings associated with obesity. The main physiological feature of obesity is expanded adipose tissue, which causes several impairments in liver metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of SGT in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. SGT significantly blocked HFD-induced weight gain in C57BL/6N mice. In addition, SGT effectively reduced the increased weight and adipocyte size in eWAT of HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 N mice. Moreover, SGT significantly decreased the elevated gene expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 in the eWAT of HFD-induced obese mice. Furthermore, SGT significantly decreased lipid accumulation in the livers of HFD-induced obese mice and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Hence, the present study provides substantial evidence that SGT has potential therapeutic effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Jin Park
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Seo
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Gil
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Pan T, Lee YM, Takimoto E, Ueda K, Liu PY, Shen HH. Inhibitory effects of naringenin on estrogen deficiency-induced obesity via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and AMPK activation associated with white adipose tissue browning. Life Sci 2024; 340:122453. [PMID: 38272439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Post-ovariectomy (OVX) changes in hormones induce obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Increased energy expenditure via WAT browning is a novel therapeutic strategy for treating obesity. Naringenin (NAR) reduces inflammation and lipogenesis in obesity and attenuates estrogen deficiency-associated metabolic disorders; however, its role in WAT browning remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated NAR ability to inhibit estrogen deficiency-associated obesity in vivo using a rat model and in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. KEY FINDINGS NAR significantly decreased the body weight and WAT mass of rats. O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure were significantly lower in the OVX group than in the sham group, but NAR treatment reversed these effects of OVX. NAR treatment markedly improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles as well as leptin, adiponectin, and irisin levels. NAR upregulated markers of browning and mitochondrial biogenesis in inguinal WAT. Moreover, it enhanced markers of mitochondrial fusion and inhibited fission via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Similar results were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, NAR-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion were suppressed by dorsomorphin (an AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor). SIGNIFICANCE NAR alleviates obesity and metabolic dysfunction through the induction of WAT browning achieved via the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase-regulated mitochondrial dynamics in WATs. NAR supplementation may therefore represent a potential intervention for preventing postmenopausal adipose tissue dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Hsueh Shen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rodrigues Moro C, Abreu EDL, Kanaan SHH, Márquez A, Uranga-Ocio JA, Rossoni LV, Vassallo DV, Miguel-Castro M, Wiggers GA. Egg white hydrolysate protects white adipose tissue against metabolic insult in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rats. Br J Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38410884 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) to protect white adipose tissue damage from cardiometabolic changes induced by severe hypertension. Male Wistar rats were uninephrectomised and divided: SHAM (weekly subcutaneous vehicle (mineral oil + propylene glycol, 1:1)), SHAM + EWH (subcutaneous vehicle plus EWH via gavage, 1 g/kg per day), DOCA (deoxycorticosterone acetate diluted in vehicle subcutaneously weekly in subsequent doses of 20 mg/kg -1st week, 12 mg/kg - 2–3th week, and 6 mg/kg -4–8th week, respectively, plus 1 % NaCl and 0·2 % KCl in drinking water), and DOCA + EWH. Body weight gain, food and water intake, glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated. Oxidative stress was assessed by biochemical assay and immunofluorescence for NOX-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and caspase-3 in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rtWAT). Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and 1β), CD163+ macrophage infiltration, and immunohistochemistry for TNFα and uncoupling protein-1 were evaluated, as well as histological analysis on rtWAT. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase were also determined in plasma. EWH showed hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties in the arterial hypertension DOCA-salt model. The results demonstrated the presence of functional changes in adipose tissue function by a decrease in macrophage infiltration and in the fluorescence intensity of NFκB, NOX-1, and caspase-3. A reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and restoration of antioxidant enzymatic activity and mitochondrial oxidative damage by reducing uncoupling protein-1 fluorescence intensity were also observed. EWH could be used as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cardiometabolic complications associated with malignant secondary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rodrigues Moro
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Edina da Luz Abreu
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samia Hassan Husein Kanaan
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Antonio Márquez
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28032 Alcorcón, Spain and High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Uranga-Ocio
- Department of Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28032 Alcorcón, Spain and High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, nº 2415, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Cardiac Electromechanical and Vascular Reactivity Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marta Miguel-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM.), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Alessandra Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Vujičić M, Chanclón B, Palsdottir V, Pillon NJ, Benrick A, Wernstedt Asterholm I. Adiponectin stimulates Sca1 +CD34 --adipocyte precursor cells associated with hyperplastic expansion and beiging of brown and white adipose tissue. Metabolism 2024; 151:155716. [PMID: 37918793 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocyte hormone adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity and there is an inverse correlation between adiponectin levels and type-2 diabetes risk. Previous research shows that adiponectin remodels the adipose tissue into a more efficient metabolic sink. For instance, mice that overexpress adiponectin show increased capacity for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion as evident from smaller and metabolically more active white adipocytes. In contrast, the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of these mice looks "whiter" possibly indicating reduced metabolic activity. Here, we aimed to further establish the effect of adiponectin on adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte mitochondrial function as well as to unravel mechanistic aspects in this area. METHODS Brown and white adipose tissues from adiponectin overexpressing (APN tg) mice and littermate wildtype controls, housed at room and cold temperature, were studied by histological, gene/protein expression and flow cytometry analyses. Metabolic and mitochondrial functions were studied by radiotracers and Seahorse-based technology. In addition, mitochondrial function was assessed in cultured adiponectin deficient adipocytes from APN knockout and heterozygote mice. RESULTS APN tg BAT displayed increased proliferation prenatally leading to enlarged BAT. Postnatally, APN tg BAT turned whiter than control BAT, confirming previous reports. Furthermore, elevated adiponectin augmented the sympathetic innervation/activation within adipose tissue. APN tg BAT displayed reduced metabolic activity and reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In contrast, APN tg inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) displayed enhanced metabolic activity. These metabolic differences between genotypes were apparent also in cultured adipocytes differentiated from BAT and IWAT stroma vascular fraction, and the OCR was reduced in both brown and white APN heterozygote adipocytes. In both APN tg BAT and IWAT, the mesenchymal stem cell-related genes were upregulated along with an increased abundance of Lineage-Sca1+CD34- "beige-like" adipocyte precursor cells. In vitro, the adiponectin receptor agonist Adiporon increased the expression of the proliferation marker Pcna and decreased the expression of Cd34 in Sca1+ mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the seemingly opposite effect of adiponectin on BAT and IWAT is mediated by a common mechanism; while reduced adiponectin levels are linked to lower adipocyte OCR, elevated adiponectin levels stimulate expansion of adipocyte precursor cells that produce adipocytes with intrinsically higher metabolic rate than classical white but lower metabolic rate than classical brown adipocytes. Moreover, adiponectin can modify the adipocytes' metabolic activity directly and by enhancing the sympathetic innervation within a fat depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milica Vujičić
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vilborg Palsdottir
- Unit for Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Jha D, Prajapati SK, Deb PK, Jaiswal M, Mazumder PM. Madhuca longifolia-hydro-ethanolic-fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and modulates selective GLUT expression in diabetic mice fed with high fat diet. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:209. [PMID: 38270737 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorder is characterized as chronic low-grade inflammation which elevates the systemic inflammatory markers. The proposed hypothesis behind this includes occurrence of hypoxia due to intake of high fat diet leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. AIM In the present work our aim was to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of hydroethanolic fraction of M. longifolia leaves against the metabolic disorder. METHOD AND RESULTS In the present investigation, effect of Madhuca longifolia hydroethanolic fraction (MLHEF) on HFD induced obesity and diabetes through mitochondrial action and selective GLUT expression has been studied. In present work, it was observed that HFD (50% of diet) on chronic administration aggravates the metabolic problems by causing reduced imbalanced oxidative stress, ATP production, and altered selective GLUT protein expression. Long term HFD administration reduced (p < 0.001) the SOD, CAT level significantly along with elevated liver function marker AST and ALT. MLHEF administration diminishes this oxidative stress. HFD administration also causes decreased ATP/ADP ratio owing to suppressed mitochondrial function and elevating LDH level. This oxidative imbalance further leads to dysregulated GLUT expression in hepatocytes, skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue. HFD leads to significant (p < 0.001) upregulation in GLUT 1 and 3 expression while significant (p < 0.001) downregulation in GLUT 2 and 4 expressions in WAT, liver and skeletal muscles. Administration of MLHEF significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the LDH level and also reduces the mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION Imbalances in GLUT levels were significantly reversed in order to maintain GLUT expression in tissues on the administration of MLHEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Jha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, India
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Silva Ribeiro DJ, Yüksel S, Dolf A, Wachten D. Isolation and Flow Cytometry Analysis of Macrophages from White Adipose Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:149-158. [PMID: 37639121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the prominent leukocyte populations in white adipose tissue (WAT) and play an important role during WAT homeostasis and remodeling. Macrophage function in WAT is determined by ontogeny and the local tissue environment. Here, we present a protocol to analyze different macrophage populations from murine WAT using flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Juliana Silva Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Seniz Yüksel
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Dolf
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Sorokin L, Corrêa LH. Whole-Mount Imaging of Adipose Tissue Macrophages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:307-322. [PMID: 37639132 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue comprises highly heterogeneous macrophage populations, which play critical roles in the regulation of adipose tissue function and dysfunction during health and disease. Whole-amount staining is a powerful technique for macrophage characterization within the 3D environment of the adipose tissue, enabling the visualization of different macrophage populations and their interaction with other cells within their in vivo niche. Due to the high-fat content and softness, freezing and sectioning of adipose tissue is difficult, and distortion of tissue morphology typically occurs, especially in the case of white adipose tissue. We describe here a whole-mount staining alternative for adipose tissue imaging that preserves all structures and allows high-resolution image acquisition. We address in a step-by-step manner how to perform immunofluorescence staining of different fat pads and how to optimally visualize cellular and acellular (extracellular matrix) constituents of the adipose tissue and its vasculature, as well as resident and infiltrating macrophage populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luis Henrique Corrêa
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center (CIMIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Park YJ, Kim HY, Shin S, Lee J, Heo I, Cha YY, An HJ. Anti-obesity effect of Lythri herba water extracts in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116789. [PMID: 37328083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lythrum salicaria L., also called purple loosestrife, has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant to treat internal dysfunction, such as gastrointestinal disorders or hemorrhages. It contains numerous phytochemical compounds, including orientin, and has been reported to have anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The effects of Lythrum salicaria L. on obesity have not been explored. Therefore, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of Lythri Herba, the aerial part of this plant, in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using distilled water, Lythri Herba water extracts (LHWE) were prepared by extracting Lythri Herba at 100°Ϲ. The contents of orientin in LHWE were identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect of LHWE, 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used. Oil-red O staining was performed to examine the anti-adipogenic effects of LHWE in vitro. The histological changes in epididymal white adipose tissue (epiWAT) by LHWE were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific quantification kits measured total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the serum. The relative fold induction of protein and mRNA was determined using western blot and Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis, respectively. RESULTS HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of orientin in LHWE. LHWE treatment markedly reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. LHWE administration also conferred resistance to HFD-induced weight gain in mice and reduced epiWAT mass. Mechanistically, LHWE significantly decreased lipogenesis by downregulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, and carbohydrate response element binding protein expression and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and epiWAT. Furthermore, LHWE significantly up-regulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and epiWAT. CONCLUSION LHWE decreases white adipogenesis in vitro and HFD-induced weight gain in vivo, which is associated with reduced lipogenesis and enhanced FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Jin Park
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Shin
- Research Institute, BIO PORT KOREA INC., 36, Ballyongsandan 1-ro, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46034, Republic of Korea.
| | - JungHyun Lee
- Research Institute, BIO PORT KOREA INC., 36, Ballyongsandan 1-ro, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46034, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Heo
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Oliveira Ferreira CKD, Campolim CM, Zordão OP, Simabuco FM, Anaruma CP, Pereira RM, Boico VF, Salvino LG, Costa MM, Ruiz NQ, de Moura LP, Saad MJA, Costa SKP, Kim YB, Prada PO. Subchronic exposure to 1,2-naphthoquinone induces adipose tissue inflammation and changes the energy homeostasis of mice, partially due to TNFR1 and TLR4. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:10-22. [PMID: 37383489 PMCID: PMC10293596 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution affects energy homeostasis detrimentally. Yet, knowledge of how each isolated pollutant can impact energy metabolism remains incomplete. The present study was designed to investigate the distinct effects of 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) on energy metabolism since this pollutant increases at the same rate as diesel combustion. In particular, we aimed to determine in vivo effects of subchronic exposure to 1,2-NQ on metabolic and inflammatory parameters of wild-type mice (WT) and to explore the involvement of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in this process. Males WT, TNFR1KO, and TLR4KO mice at eight weeks of age received 1,2-NQ or vehicle via nebulization five days a week for 17 weeks. In WT mice, 1,2-NQ slightly decreased the body mass compared to vehicle-WT. This effect was likely due to a mild food intake reduction and increased energy expenditure (EE) observed after six weeks of exposure. After nine weeks of exposure, we observed higher fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, whereas insulin sensitivity was slightly improved compared to vehicle-WT. After 17 weeks of 1,2-NQ exposure, WT mice displayed an increased percentage of M1 and a decreased (p = 0.057) percentage of M2 macrophages in adipose tissue. The deletion of TNFR1 and TLR4 abolished most of the metabolic impacts caused by 1,2-NQ exposure, except for the EE and insulin sensitivity, which remained high in these mice under 1,2-NQ exposure. Our study demonstrates for the first time that subchronic exposure to 1,2-NQ affects energy metabolism in vivo. Although 1,2-NQ increased EE and slightly reduced feeding and body mass, the WT mice displayed higher inflammation in adipose tissue and impaired fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance. Thus, in vivo subchronic exposure to 1,2-NQ is harmful, and TNFR1 and TLR4 are partially involved in these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Machado Campolim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Olívia Pizetta Zordão
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maíra Maftoum Costa
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences - São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Jose Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Soraia Katia Pereira Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Max-Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Köln, Germany
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Kim SH, Yoon HJ, Kwon YH. Increased cholesterol uptake is associated with the altered gene expression in white adipose tissue of ApoE -/- mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:109-114. [PMID: 37506471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E knock out (ApoE-/-) mice, the widely used model for atherosclerosis, exhibits anti-obesity characteristics due to the impaired lipoprotein internalization. Since excessive accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol in white adipose tissue (WAT) is shown to increase the risk of metabolic diseases, we investigated the effects of dietary high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) on gene expression profile and the possible role of cholesterol accumulation in WAT of ApoE-/- mice. Control (CON) and HFHC diets were provided to wild-type mice (WC, WH) and ApoE-/- mice (EC, EH) for 10 weeks. Although body and WAT weights were lower in the ApoE-/- group compared to the wild-type group, increases in cholesterol and lipid peroxides in WAT were only observed in the ApoE-/- group. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3660 and 839 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the EC/WC and EH/WH comparison, respectively. "Thermogenesis" and "Oxidative phosphorylation" KEGG pathways were found in the EC/WC comparison, but not in the EH/WH comparison. We identified 142 and 2585 DEGs in the WH/WC and EH/EC comparison respectively, indicating a stronger effect of HFHC on WAT of ApoE-/- mice. Gene ontology analysis of DEGs revealed the association of DEGs with "Regulation of inflammatory response" term, in the EH/EC comparison, but not in the WH/WC comparison. Especially, genes encoding scavenger receptors and toll-like receptors were associated with cholesterol and lipid peroxide levels in WAT of ApoE-/- mice, but not in wild-type mice. In conclusion, changes in gene expression profile of WAT were more pronounced in ApoE-/- mice compared to wild-type mice in response to HFHC, and these altered genes were related to inflammatory response. These data suggest that increased cholesterol accumulation in WAT by dietary HFHC may play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, South Korea; Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, South Korea.
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Pestel J, Blangero F, Watson J, Pirola L, Eljaafari A. Adipokines in obesity and metabolic-related-diseases. Biochimie 2023; 212:48-59. [PMID: 37068579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of leptin in the 1990s led to a reconsideration of adipose tissue (AT) as not only a fatty acid storage organ, but also a proper endocrine tissue. AT is indeed capable of secreting bioactive molecules called adipokines for white AT or batokines for brown/beige AT, which allow communication with numerous organs, especially brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and/or the vascular system. Adipokines exert pro or anti-inflammatory activities. An equilibrated balance between these two sets ensures homeostasis of numerous tissues and organs. During the development of obesity, AT remodelling leads to an alteration of its endocrine activity, with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines relative to the anti-inflammatory ones, as shown in the graphical abstract. Pro-inflammatory adipokines take part in the initiation of local and systemic inflammation during obesity and contribute to comorbidities associated to obesity, as detailed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pestel
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Ferdinand Blangero
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Julia Watson
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Assia Eljaafari
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon: 2 quai des Célestins, 69001 Lyon, France.
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Anantha P, Liu Z, Raj P, Barman I. Optical diffraction tomography and Raman spectroscopy reveal distinct cellular phenotypes during white and brown adipocyte differentiation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 235:115388. [PMID: 37207582 PMCID: PMC10626559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are the primary types of fats in humans, and they play prominent roles in energy storage and thermogenesis, respectively. While the mechanisms of terminal adipogenesis are well understood, much remains unknown about the early stages of adipogenic differentiation. Label-free approaches, such as optical diffraction tomography (ODT) and Raman spectroscopy, offer the ability to retrieve morphological and molecular information at the single cell level without the negative effects of photobleaching and system perturbation due to introduction of fluorophores. In this study, we employed 3D ODT and Raman spectroscopy to gain deeper insights into the early stages of differentiation of human white preadipocytes (HWPs) and human brown preadipocytes (HBPs). We utilized ODT to retrieve morphological information, including cell dry mass and lipid mass, and Raman spectroscopy to obtain molecular information about lipids. Our findings reveal that HWPs and HBPs undergo dynamic and differential changes during the differentiation process. Notably, we found that HBPs accumulated lipids more rapidly and had a higher lipid mass than HWPs. Additionally, both cell types experienced an increase and subsequent decrease in cell dry mass during the first seven days, followed by an increase after day 7, which we attribute to the transformation of adipogenic precursors in the early stages. Finally, HBPs had higher lipid unsaturation levels than HWPs for the same differentiation timepoints. The insights gained from our study provide crucial contributions towards the advancement of new therapies for obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Anantha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Imi Y, Amano R, Kasahara N, Obana Y, Hosooka T. Nicotinamide mononucleotide induces lipolysis by regulating ATGL expression via the SIRT1-AMPK axis in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101476. [PMID: 37144119 PMCID: PMC10151261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) -dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism. Although the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key NAD+ intermediate, has been shown to ameliorate metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, the direct effect of NMN on the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipocytes remains unclear. We here investigated the effect of NMN on lipid storage in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. Oil-red O staining showed that NMN treatment reduced lipid accumulation in these cells. NMN was found to enhance lipolysis in adipocytes since the concentration of glycerol in the media was increased by NMN treatment. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression at both protein and mRNA level was increased with NMN treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Whereas NMN increased SIRT1 expression and AMPK activation, an AMPK inhibitor compound C restored the NMN-dependent upregulation of ATGL expression in these cells, suggesting that NMN upregulates ATGL expression through the SIRT1-AMPK axis. NMN administration significantly decreased subcutaneous fat mass in mice on a high-fat diet. We also found that adipocyte size in subcutaneous fat was decreased with NMN treatment. Consistent with the alteration of fat mass and adipocyte size, the ATGL expression in subcutaneous fat was slightly, albeit significantly, increased with NMN treatment. These results indicate that NMN suppresses subcutaneous fat mass in diet-induced obese mice, potentially in part via the upregulation of ATGL. Unexpectedly, the reduction in fat mass as well as ATGL upregulation with NMN treatment were not observed in epididymal fat, implying that the effects of NMN are site-specific in adipose tissue. Thus, these findings provide important insights into the mechanism of NMN/NAD+ in the regulation of metabolism.
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Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Gil-Iturbe E, Castilla-Madrigal R, Celay J, Fernández-Galilea M, Pejenaute Á, Lostao MP, Martínez-Climent JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential remodeling of subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adipose tissue by long-term exercise training in aged obese female mice. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2. [PMID: 37204588 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity exacerbates aging-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise on inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of aged obese mice. Two-month-old female mice received a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, six-month-old diet-induced obese animals were allocated to sedentarism (DIO) or to a long-term treadmill training (DIOEX) up to 18 months of age. In exercised mice, iWAT depot revealed more adaptability, with an increase in the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes (Cpt1a, Acox1), and an amelioration of the inflammatory status, with a favorable modulation of pro/antiinflammatory genes and lower macrophage infiltration. Additionally, iWAT of trained animals showed an increment in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc1a, Tfam, Nrf1), thermogenesis (Ucp1), and beige adipocytes genes (Cd137, Tbx1). In contrast, iBAT of aged obese mice was less responsive to exercise. Indeed, although an increase in functional brown adipocytes genes and proteins (Pgc1a, Prdm16 and UCP1) was observed, few changes were found on inflammation-related and fatty acid metabolism genes. The remodeling of iWAT and iBAT depots occurred along with an improvement in the HOMA index for insulin resistance and in glucose tolerance. In conclusion, long-term exercise effectively prevented the loss of iWAT and iBAT thermogenic properties during aging and obesity. In iWAT, the long-term exercise program also reduced the inflammatory status and stimulated a fat-oxidative gene profile. These exercise-induced adipose tissue adaptations could contribute to the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in aged obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Celay
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lostao
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José A Martínez-Climent
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Song Q, Liu S, Wang J, Chai J, Wen J, Xu C. Hypoxia promotes white adipose tissues browning in rats under simulated environment at altitude of 5000 m. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:146-153. [PMID: 37187092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
People living in plains tend to decrease in body weight or body fat percentage after entering the plateau. Previous studies have found that plateau animals can burn fat and release calories through white adipose tissues (WATs) browning. However, these studies have focused on the effect of cold stimulation that induced WATs browning while there's hardly study on the effect of hypoxia. In this study, we investigate that whether and how hypoxia contributes to WATs browning in rats from acute to chronic hypoxia. We constructed hypobaric hypoxic rat models by exposing 9-week-old male SD rats to a hypobaric hypoxic chamber for 1, 3, 14 and 28 days (Group H) under simulated environment at altitude of 5000 m. We also established normoxic control groups for each time period (Group C), as well as paired 1-day and 14-day normoxic food-restriction rats that were fed the same amount of food as the hypoxic group ate (Group R). We then observed the growth status of rats and recorded dynamic changes in histologic, cellular and molecular levels of perirenal WATs (PWAT), epididymal WATs (EWAT) and subcutaneous WATs (SWAT) in each group. Results showed that (1) Hypoxic rats had lower food intake, significantly lower body weight than control rats, and showed lower WATs index. (2) In group H14, ASC1 mRNA expressions of PWAT and EWAT in rats were lower than that in group C14, and PAT2 mRNA expression of EWAT was higher than that in both group C14 and R14. In group R14, however, ASC1 mRNA expressions of PWAT and EWAT in rats were higher than both group C14 and H14, and that of SWAT was also significantly higher than group C14. (3) In group H3, both the mRNA and protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) of PWAT in rats were significantly increased than group C3. And in group H14, those of EWAT in rats were significantly increased than group C14. (4) In plasma of rats, norepinephrine (NE) level was significantly increased in group H3 than group C3, and free fatty acids (FFAs) level was significantly increased in group H14 than both group C14 and R14. In group R1, FASN mRNA expressions of PWAT and EWAT in rats were down-regulated than group C1. In group H3, FASN mRNA expressions of PWAT and EWAT in rats were down-regulated while ATGL mRNA expression of EWAT was up-regulated than group C3. Conversely, in group R14, FASN mRNA expressions of PWAT and EWAT in rats were significantly up-regulated than group C14 and H14. These results suggested that hypoxia promoted different WATs browning in rats under simulated environment at altitude of 5000 m and changed the lipid metabolism in WATs. Furthermore, rats in the chronic hypoxic group showed a completely different lipid metabolism of WATs from that in paired food-restriction group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyue Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shiying Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiamin Chai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jigang Wen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chengli Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Chien YH, Yu YH, Chen YW. Taiwanese green propolis ameliorates metabolic syndrome via remodeling of white adipose tissue and modulation of gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114386. [PMID: 36773526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy intake leads to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and puts surrounding tissues under oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome. Taiwanese green propolis (TGP) exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the benefits of TGP on metabolic syndrome have not been explained in detail. In this study, we examined the preventive effects of TGP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The results showed that TGP supplementation at 1000 ppm improved condition such as hyperlipidemia, fat accumulation, liver steatosis, and whitening of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice. In addition, we observed more cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis by BAT in TGP treatment with 1000 ppm group. At lower dose of 500 ppm, TGP improved glucose intolerance and insulin insensitivity in HFD mice and restructured the composition of gut microbiota to reduce dysbiosis, which involved an increase in the abundance of metabolism-related bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and the decrease in Desulfovibrio. The change of dominant microbiota was associated with the homeostasis of blood glucose and lipid. Transcriptome and micro-western array analysis revealed that TGP supplementation at 500 ppm promoted the browning and adipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT), blocked inflammation signaling and attenuated reactive oxygen species, contributing to healthy WAT remodeling and offsetting negative metabolic effects of obesity. We concluded that TGP modulated the function of BAT, WAT, and gut microbiota, bringing a balance to the glucose and lipid homeostasis in the body.
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Silva MCR, Amaro LBR, Lima AT, Ferreira AC, de Farias Lelis D, Andrade JMO, Guimarães ALS. Light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation regulates thermogenesis and lipogenesis markers in adipose tissue and improves anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese mice. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:85. [PMID: 36920639 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) irradiation on the expression of thermogenesis and lipogenesis-associated markers in adipose tissue and metabolic parameters of obese mice. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups: i) ST fed standard diet; ii) HCD fed hyperglycemic diet; iii) LED + I fed hyperglycemic diet and irradiated with LED in the interscapular region; iv) LED + A fed hyperglycemic diet and irradiated with LED in the abdominal region. The first phase of the study comprehended the induction of obesity for 12 weeks. Next, the animals were submitted to six irradiation sessions (days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21) using a 660-nm LED (5.77 J/cm2 at 48,1 mW/cm2). Anthropometric, biochemical, and histological parameters and the expression of thermogenesis and lipogenesis-associated markers were assessed in adipose tissue. There was diminished weight gain between the HCD and LED + A groups (ST: 0.37 ± 0.65; HCD: 3.10 ± 0.89; LED + I: -1.26 ± 0.83; LED + A: -2.07 ± 1.27 g; p < 0.018). There was a 33.3% and 23.8% reduction in epidydimal adipose tissue weight and a 25% and 10.7% in the visceral adiposity for the LED + I and LED + A groups, respectively, when compared with HCD. There was a decreased accumulation of fat droplets in adipose tissue in LED + A and LED + I groups. Additionally, LED irradiation was associated with increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the brown adipose tissue (ST: 2.27 ± 0.19; HCD: 1.54 ± 0.12; LED + I: 2.44 ± 0.22; p = 0.014) and decreased fatty acid synthetase (FAS) expression in epidydimal adipose tissue (ST: 0.79 ± 0.13; HCD: 1.59 ± 0.13; LED + A: 0.85 ± 0.04; p = 0.0008). LED treatment improved anthropometric parameters, possibly associated with the histological alterations, thermogenesis and lipogenesis markers in white adipose tissue, and expression modulation in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Célio Ribeiro Silva
- Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lílian Betânia Reis Amaro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angeliny Tamiarana Lima
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Department of Nursing, State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), Campus Universitário Prof. Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Prof. Rui Braga, s/n - Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-089, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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23
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Lino CA, de Oliveira-Silva T, Lunardon G, Balbino-Silva C, Lima VM, Huang ZP, Donato J, Takano APC, Barreto-Chaves ML, Wang DZ, Diniz GP. Ablation of miRNA-22 protects against obesity-induced adipocyte senescence and ameliorates metabolic disorders in middle-aged mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 210:111775. [PMID: 36641038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity-related metabolic complications by activating cellular senescence in white adipose tissue (WAT). Growing evidence supports the importance of microRNA-22 (miR-22) in metabolic disorders and cellular senescence. Recently, we showed that miR-22 deletion attenuates obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. However, whether miR-22 mediates HFD-induced cellular senescence of WAT remains unknown. Here, we uncovered that obese mice displayed increased pri-miR-22 levels and cellular senescence in WAT. However, miR-22 ablation protected mice against HFD-induced WAT senescence. In addition, in vitro studies showed that miR-22 deletion prevented preadipocyte senescence in response to Doxorubicin (Doxo). Loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo revealed that miR-22 increases H2ax mRNA and γH2ax levels in preadipocytes and WAT without inducing DNA damage. Intriguingly, miR-22 ablation prevented HFD-induced increase in γH2ax levels and DNA damage in WAT. Similarly, miR-22 deletion prevented Doxo-induced increase in γH2ax levels in preadipocytes. Adipose miR-22 levels were enhanced in middle-aged mice fed a HFD than those found in young mice. Furthermore, miR-22 deletion attenuated fat mass gain and glucose imbalance induced by HFD in middle-aged mice. Overall, our findings indicate that miR-22 is a key regulator of obesity-induced WAT senescence and metabolic disorders in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lunardon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Balbino-Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhan-Peng Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Takano
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela P Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee EH, Cho JY, Song DK, Lee YJ, Kwon TK, Oh BC, Cho KW, Osborne TF, Jeon TI, Im SS. SCAP deficiency facilitates obesity and insulin resistance through shifting adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Adv Res 2023; 45:1-13. [PMID: 35659922 PMCID: PMC10006517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-associating protein (SCAP) is a sterol-regulated escort protein that translocates SREBPs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, thereby activating lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis. Although SCAP regulates lipid metabolism in metabolic tissues, such as the liver and muscle, the effect of macrophage-specific SCAP deficiency in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) of patients with metabolic diseases is not completely understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we examined the function of SCAP in high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHS)-fed mice and investigated its role in the polarization of classical activated macrophages in adipose tissue. METHODS Macrophage-specific SCAP knockout (mKO) mice were generated through crossbreeding lysozyme 2-cre mice with SCAP floxed mice which were then fed HFHS for 12 weeks. Primary macrophages were derived from bone marrow cells and analyzed further. RESULTS We found that fat accumulation and the appearance of proinflammatory M1 macrophages were both higher in HFHS-fed SCAP mKO mice relative to floxed control mice. We traced the effect to a defect in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in SREBP-1a that occurs in control but not SCAP mKO mice. Mechanistically, SREBP-1a increased expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase transcription, resulting in an increase in the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), an endogenous agonist of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) which increased expression of cholesterol efflux to limit cholesterol accumulation and M1 polarization. In the absence of SCAP mediated activation of SREBP-1a, increased M1 macrophage polarization resulted in reduced cholesterol efflux downstream from 25-HC-dependent LXRα activation. CONCLUSION Overall, the activation of the SCAP-SREBP-1a pathway in macrophages may provide a novel therapeutic strategy that ameliorates obesity by controlling cholesterol homeostasis in ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Physiology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bioScience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Dehondt H, Marino A, Butruille L, Mogilenko DA, Nzoussi Loubota AC, Chávez-Talavera O, Dorchies E, Vallez E, Haas J, Derudas B, Bongiovanni A, Tardivel M, Kuipers F, Lefebvre P, Lestavel S, Tailleux A, Dombrowicz D, Caron S, Staels B. Adipocyte-specific FXR-deficiency protects adipose tissue from oxidative stress and insulin resistance and improves glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101686. [PMID: 36746333 PMCID: PMC9958065 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT). Activated adipocytes secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in the recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages, which contribute to WAT insulin resistance. The bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) controls systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we studied the role of FXR in adipose tissue function. METHODS We first investigated the immune phenotype of epididymal WAT (eWAT) from high fat diet (HFD)-fed whole-body FXR-deficient (FXR-/-) mice by flow cytometry and gene expression analysis. We then generated adipocyte-specific FXR-deficient (Ad-FXR-/-) mice and analyzed systemic and eWAT metabolism and immune phenotype upon HFD feeding. Transcriptomic analysis was done on mature eWAT adipocytes from HFD-fed Ad-FXR-/- mice. RESULTS eWAT from HFD-fed whole-body FXR-/- and Ad-FXR-/- mice displayed decreased pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration and inflammation. Ad-FXR-/- mice showed lower blood glucose concentrations, improved systemic glucose tolerance and WAT insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. Transcriptomic analysis identified Gsta4, a modulator of oxidative stress in WAT, as the most upregulated gene in Ad-FXR-/- mouse adipocytes. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that FXR binds the Gsta4 gene promoter. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a role for the adipocyte FXR-GSTA4 axis in controlling HFD-induced inflammation and systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Dehondt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arianna Marino
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Butruille
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Denis A Mogilenko
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Oscar Chávez-Talavera
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Joel Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Lestavel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
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Calderón-DuPont D, Romero-Córdoba S, Tello JK, Espinosa A, Guerrero B, Contreras AV, Morán-Ramos S, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Impaired white adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet worsened by arsenic exposure, primarily affecting retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 468:116428. [PMID: 36801214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) underlies obesity and insulin resistance in response to high calorie intake and/or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), among other factors. Arsenic is an EDC that has been associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the combined effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and arsenic exposure on WAT FA metabolism has been little studied. FA metabolism was evaluated in visceral (epididymal and retroperitoneal) and subcutaneous WAT of C57BL/6 male mice fed control or HFD (12 and 40% kcal fat, respectively) for 16 weeks together with an environmentally relevant chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water (100 μg/l) during the second half of the study. In mice fed HFD, arsenic potentiated the increase of serum markers of selective insulin resistance in WAT and fatty acid re-esterification and the decrease in the lipolysis index. Retroperitoneal was the WAT most affected, where the combination of arsenic and HFD in contrast to HFD, generated higher weight, larger adipocytes, increased triglyceride content, and decreased fasting stimulated lipolysis evidenced by lower phosphorylation of HSL and perilipin. At the transcriptional level, arsenic in mice fed either diet downregulated genes involved in fatty acid uptake (LPL, CD36), oxidation (PPARα, CPT1), lipolysis (ADRß3) and glycerol transport (AQP7 and AQP9). Additionally, arsenic potentiated hyperinsulinemia induced by HFD, despite a slight increase in weight gain and food efficiency. Thus, the second hit of arsenic in sensitized mice by HFD worsens fatty acid metabolism impairment in WAT, mainly retroperitoneal, along with an exacerbated insulin resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Jessica K Tello
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Maestría en Nutrición Clínica, Universidad Anáhuac Campus Norte, Estado de México 52786, Mexico
| | - Aranza Espinosa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Brenda Guerrero
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Alejandra V Contreras
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14609, Mexico; Translational Molecular Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Sofia Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genόmica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14609, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 045010, Mexico.
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Ma D, Wu T, Qu Y, Yang J, Cai L, Li X, Wang Y. Astragalus polysaccharide prevents heart failure-induced cachexia by alleviating excessive adipose expenditure in white and brown adipose tissue. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:9. [PMID: 36670439 PMCID: PMC9863193 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a key active ingredient isolated from Astragalus membranaceus that has been reported to be a potential treatment for obesity and diabetes by regulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, alleviating inflammation, and improving insulin resistance. However, whether APS regulates lipid metabolism in the context of cachexia remains unclear. Therefore, this study analysed the effects of APS on lipid metabolism and adipose expenditure in a heart failure (HF)-induced cardiac cachexia rat model. METHODS: A salt-sensitive hypertension-induced cardiac cachexia rat model was used in the present study. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. The histological features and fat droplets in fat tissue and liver were observed by H&E staining and Oil O Red staining. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and RT‒qPCR were used to detect markers of lipolysis and adipose browning in white adipose tissue (WAT) and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Additionally, sympathetic nerve activity and inflammation in adipose tissue were detected. RESULTS Rats with HF exhibited decreased cardiac function and reduced adipose accumulation as well as adipocyte atrophy. In contrast, administration of APS not only improved cardiac function and increased adipose weight but also prevented adipose atrophy and FFA efflux in HF-induced cachexia. Moreover, APS inhibited HF-induced lipolysis and browning of white adipocytes since the expression levels of lipid droplet enzymes, including HSL and perilipin, and beige adipocyte markers, including UCP-1, Cd137 and Zic-1, were suppressed after administration of APS. In BAT, treatment with APS inhibited PKA-p38 MAPK signalling, and these effects were accompanied by decreased thermogenesis reflected by decreased expression of UCP-1, PPAR-γ and PGC-1α and reduced FFA β-oxidation in mitochondria reflected by decreased Cd36, Fatp-1 and Cpt1. Moreover, sympathetic nerve activity and interleukin-6 levels were abnormally elevated in HF rats, and astragalus polysaccharide could inhibit their activity. CONCLUSION APS prevented lipolysis and adipose browning in WAT and decreased BAT thermogenesis. These effects may be related to suppressed sympathetic activity and inflammation. This study provides a potential approach to treat HF-induced cardiac cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dufang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Shandong, 250014, Jinan, China.
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Lemaitre M, Christin-Maitre S, Kerlan V. Polycystic ovary syndrome and adipose tissue. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2023; 84:308-315. [PMID: 36623807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Typically, it is associated with ovulatory dysfunction: dysovulation or anovulation, and symptoms of hyperandrogenism. It incurs risk of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia and fatty liver. As a key endocrine organ in metabolic homeostasis, adipose tissue is often implicated in these complications. Studies of white adipose tissue (WAT) in PCOS have focused on the mechanism of insulin resistance in this tissue. Clinically, abnormalities in WAT distribution are seen, with decreased waist-to-hip ratio and increased ratio of adipose to lean mass. Such abnormalities are greater when total circulating androgens are elevated. At tissue level, white adipocyte hyperplasia occurs, along with infiltration of macrophages. Secretion of adipokines, cytokines and chemo-attractant proteins is increased in a pro-inflammatory manner, leading to reduced insulin sensitivity via alteration of glucose transporters, and hence decreased glucose uptake. The kinetics of non-esterified fatty acids (or free fatty acids) is also altered, leading to lipotoxicity. In recent years, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been studied in women with PCOS. Although abundance is low in the body, BAT appears to play a significant role in energy expenditure and metabolic parameters. Both supra-clavicular skin temperature, which reflects BAT activity, and BAT mass are reduced in women with PCOS. Moreover, BAT mass and body mass index (BMI) are inversely correlated in patients. In the adipocyte, increased total circulating androgen levels reduce expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key protein in the brown adipocyte, leading to reduced biogenesis and mitochondrial respiration and hence a reduction in post-prandial thermogenesis. BAT is currently being investigated as a possible new therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madleen Lemaitre
- CHU Lille, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Center for rare endocrine diseases of growth and development, ERN-HCP, Sorbonne University, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Kerlan
- CHU Brest, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Brest University Hospital, 29200 Brest, France
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Pietka TA, Abumrad NA. Determination of Adipocyte Size and Number. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:33-52. [PMID: 37076669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction in adipocyte expansion during the onset of obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities. Determination of adipocyte size and number is an important measure for a comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic status of adipose tissue. Here, we describe three methods for the determination of adipocyte size that can be applied to tissue samples obtained from humans and rodent models. While the first method presented is more robust, it does require the use of osmium, a toxic heavy metal, which requires special handling and disposal precautions in addition to specialized equipment. Two additional methods are described that can be of use to most researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri A Pietka
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Core, Washington University Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Core, Washington University Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Fernández-Galilea M, Gil-Iturbe E, Celay J, Martínez-Climent JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Chronic docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves metabolic plasticity in subcutaneous adipose tissue of aged obese female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109153. [PMID: 36150680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the potential beneficial effects of chronic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on restoring subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) plasticity in obese aged female mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received a control (CT) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, 6-month-old diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into the DIO and the DIOMEG group (fed with a DHA-enriched HFD) up to 18 months. In scWAT, the DHA-enriched diet reduced the mean adipocyte size and reversed the upregulation of lipogenic genes induced by the HFD, reaching values even lower than those observed in CT animals. DIO mice exhibited an up-regulation of lipolytic and fatty oxidation gene expressions that was reversed in DHA-supplemented mice except for Cpt1a mRNA levels, which were higher in DIOMEG as compared to CT mice. DHA restored the increase of proinflammatory genes observed in scWAT of DIO mice. While no changes were observed in total macrophage F4/80+/CD11b+ content, the DHA treatment switched scWAT macrophages profile by reducing the M1 marker Cd11c and increasing the M2 marker CD206. These events occurred alongside with a stimulation of beige adipocyte specific genes, the restoration of UCP1 and pAKT/AKT ratio, and a recovery of the HFD-induced Fgf21 upregulation. In summary, DHA supplementation induced a metabolic remodeling of scWAT to a healthier phenotype in aged obese mice by modulating genes controlling lipid accumulation in adipocytes, reducing the inflammatory status, and inducing beige adipocyte markers in obese aged mice.
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Ying Z, van Eenige R, Beerepoot R, Boon MR, Kloosterhuis NJ, van de Sluis B, Bartelt A, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Mirabegron-induced brown fat activation does not exacerbate atherosclerosis in mice with a functional hepatic ApoE-LDLR pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106634. [PMID: 36574856 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 protects mice from atherosclerosis development, and the presence of metabolically active BAT is associated with cardiometabolic health in humans. In contrast, exposure to cold or treatment with the clinically used β3-adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron to activate BAT exacerbates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)- and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice, both lacking a functional ApoE-LDLR pathway crucial for lipoprotein remnant clearance. We, therefore, investigated the effects of mirabegron treatment on dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis development in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a humanized lipoprotein metabolism model with a functional ApoE-LDLR clearance pathway. Mirabegron activated BAT and induced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, accompanied by selectively increased fat oxidation and attenuated fat mass gain. Mirabegron increased the uptake of fatty acids derived from triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins by BAT and WAT, which was coupled to increased hepatic uptake of the generated cholesterol-enriched core remnants. Mirabegron also promoted hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production, likely due to an increased flux of fatty acids from WAT to the liver, and resulted in transient elevation in plasma TG levels followed by a substantial decrease in plasma TGs. These effects led to a trend toward lower plasma cholesterol levels and reduced atherosclerosis. We conclude that BAT activation by mirabegron leads to substantial metabolic benefits in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, and mirabegron treatment is certainly not atherogenic. These data underscore the importance of the choice of experimental models when investigating the effect of BAT activation on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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32
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Chu T, Yang MS. A Review of Structural Features, Biological Functions and Biotransformation Studies in Adipose Tissues and an Assessment of Progress and Implications. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:12-20. [PMID: 36043732 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220827145241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Roles for adipose tissues in energy metabolism, health maintenance and disease onset have been established. Evidence indicates that white, brown and beige fats are quite different in terms of their cellular origin and biological characteristics. These differences are significant in targeting adipocytes to study the pathogenesis and prevention strategies of related diseases. The biotransformations of white, brown and beige fat cells constitute an intriguing topic worthy of further study, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the biotransformations of white, brown and beige fat cells remain to be elucidated. Hence, we herein collected evidence from studies on adipose tissue or adipocytes, and we extracted the structural features, biologic functions, and biotransformations of adipose tissue/adipocytes. The present review aimed to summarize the latest research progress and propose novel research directions with respect to adipose tissue and adipocytes. We posit that this work will provide new insights and opportunities in the effective treatment strategies for obesity, diabetes and other lipid-related diseases. It will also contribute to our knowledge of the basic biologic underpinnings of adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chu
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Sheng Yang
- Laboratory of Disorders Genes and Department of Pharmacology, Jishou University School of Pharmacy, Jishou 416000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Acín-Pérez R, Montales KP, Nguyen KB, Brownstein AJ, Stiles L, Divakaruni AS. Isolation of Mitochondria from Mouse Tissues for Functional Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2675:77-96. [PMID: 37258757 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3247-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methods for isolating mitochondria from different rodent tissues have been established for decades. Although the general principles for crude mitochondrial preparations are largely shared across tissues - tissue disruption followed by differential centrifugation - critical differences exist for isolation from different tissues to optimize mitochondrial yield and function. This protocol offers a unified resource for preparations of isolated mitochondria from mouse liver, kidney, heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and brown and white adipose tissue suitable for functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katrina P Montales
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn B Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Chen HJ, Yan XY, Sun A, Zhang L, Zhang J, Yan YE. Adipose extracellular matrix deposition is an indicator of obesity and metabolic disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109159. [PMID: 36162565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are threats to human health. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important member of adipose microenvironment. ECM remodeling contributes to obesity and insulin resistance, but the roles of every single ECM component is still not fully understood. We observed glucose and lipids metabolic disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and humans with obesity. Higher levels of inflammatory factors and hormones existed in serum of HFD-fed mice. Multiple collagens, laminins, fibronectin, nidogen, and Hspg2 were upregulated in obese white adipose tissue (WAT) from mice and humans. These effects were stronger in subcutaneous WAT than visceral WAT in mice, but the fat depot difference was reversed in humans. The ECM structure and the morphology of adipocytes seeded on ECM were changed in the HFD group. In human visceral WAT, ECM genes showed positive correlations with blood lipids and glucose. In vitro, collagen I/IV and LAMA4 proteins showed similar changes with C/EBPα during the differentiation of adipocytes. Macromolecular crowders (MMC) promoted partial collagen and non-collagen gene expression. Oleic acid (OA) and MMC upregulated collagen I/IV and LAMA4 proteins, and the effects of MMC were stronger than that of OA. Moreover, MMC promoted the differentiation of adipocytes, but OA increased the size of lipid droplets. Positive correlations were observed between ECM genes and adipogenesis-related genes in adipocytes. In conclusion, some obesogens (such as HFD) induce ECM remodeling, and the upregulation of ECM components is closely related to adipogenesis, suggesting that adipose ECM deposition is an indicator of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Schoonejans JM, Blackmore HL, Ashmore TJ, Pantaleão LC, Pellegrini Pisani L, Dearden L, Tadross JA, Aiken CE, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Ozanne SE. Sex-specific effects of maternal metformin intervention during glucose-intolerant obese pregnancy on body composition and metabolic health in aged mouse offspring. Diabetologia 2022; 65:2132-2145. [PMID: 36112170 PMCID: PMC9630251 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Metformin is increasingly used to treat gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancies complicated by pregestational type 2 diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome but data regarding long-term offspring outcome are lacking in both human studies and animal models. Using a mouse model, this study investigated the effects of maternal metformin intervention during obese glucose-intolerant pregnancy on adiposity, hepatic steatosis and markers of metabolic health of male and female offspring up to the age of 12 months. METHODS C57BL/6J female mice were weaned onto either a control diet (Con) or, to induce pre-conception obesity, an obesogenic diet (Ob). The respective diets were maintained throughout pregnancy and lactation. These obese dams were then randomised to the untreated group or to receive 300 mg/kg oral metformin hydrochloride treatment (Ob-Met) daily during pregnancy. In male and female offspring, body weights and body composition were measured from 1 month until 12 months of age, when serum and tissues were collected for investigation of adipocyte cellularity (histology), adipose tissue inflammation (histology and quantitative RT-PCR), and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis (histochemistry and modified Folch assay). RESULTS At 12 months of age, male Ob and Ob-Met offspring showed increased adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy, elevated expression of proinflammatory genes, hyperleptinaemia and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with Con offspring. Male Ob-Met offspring failed to show hyperplasia between 8 weeks and 12 months, indicative of restricted adipose tissue expansion, resulting in increased immune cell infiltration and ectopic lipid deposition. Female Ob offspring were relatively protected from these phenotypes but Ob-Met female offspring showed increased adiposity, adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic lipid accumulation, hyperleptinaemia and hyperinsulinaemia compared with Con female offspring. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Maternal metformin treatment of obese dams increased offspring metabolic risk factors in a sex- and age-dependent manner. These observations highlight the importance of following up offspring of both sexes beyond early adulthood after interventions during pregnancy. Our findings illustrate the complexity of balancing short-term benefits to mother and child vs any potential long-term metabolic effects on the offspring when prescribing therapeutic agents that cross the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josca M Schoonejans
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Heather L Blackmore
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Ashmore
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucas C Pantaleão
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Bioscience, Laboratory of Nutrition and Endocrine Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Laura Dearden
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A Tadross
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Tan Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Miao L, Xu B, Khan H, Wang Y, Yu H, Cheang WS. Panax notoginseng extract and total saponin suppress diet-induced obesity and endoplasmic reticulum stress in epididymal white adipose tissue in mice. Chin Med 2022; 17:75. [PMID: 35718787 PMCID: PMC9208151 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Investigation on protective effects of Panax notoginseng against obesity and its related mechanisms is incomplete. Present study aimed to investigate the potential anti-obesity effect of the total saponins (PNS) and ethanolic extract of P. notoginseng (PNE). Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received 45% kcal fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Oral administration of PNS and PNE at 20 mg/kg/day was applied for the last 4 weeks in the obese mice. Lipid profile was determined by ELISA. Histological examination was performed in liver and fat tissues. Protein levels were measured by Western blot. Results PNS and PNE did not cause weight loss. PNE but not PNS decreased the mass of epididymal and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue, accompanied by a reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy. PNS and PNE improved lipid profile by reducing the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma or liver samples. PNS and PNE also relieved fatty liver in obese mice. PNS and PNE inhibited expression and phosphorylation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-responsive proteins in hypertrophic adipose tissue. Conclusions PNS and PNE can regulate ER stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammation to alleviate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Lingchao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Guangdong, 519087, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Pinto YO, Festuccia WTL, Magdalon J. The involvement of the adrenergic nervous system in activating human brown adipose tissue and browning. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:195-208. [PMID: 35247188 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition of multifactorial etiology characterized by excessive body fat due to a calorie intake higher than energy expenditure. Given the intrinsic limitations of surgical interventions and the difficulties associated with lifestyle changes, pharmacological manipulation is currently one of the main therapies for metabolic diseases. Approaches aiming to promote energy expenditure through induction of thermogenesis have been explored and, in this context, brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and browning have been shown to be promising strategies. Although such processes are physiologically stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, not all situations that are known to increase adrenergic signaling promote a concomitant increase in BAT activation or browning in humans. Thus, a better understanding of factors involved in the thermogenesis attributed to these tissues is needed to enable the development of future therapies against obesity. Herein we carry out a critical review of original articles in humans under conditions previously known to trigger adrenergic responses-namely, cold, catecholamine-secreting tumor (pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma), burn injury, and adrenergic agonists-and discuss which of them are associated with increased BAT activation and browning. BAT is clearly stimulated in individuals exposed to cold or treated with high doses of the β3-adrenergic agonist mirabegron, whereas browning is certainly induced in patients after burn injury or with pheochromocytoma, as well as in individuals treated with β3-adrenergic agonist mirabegron for at least 10 weeks. Given the potential effect of increasing energy expenditure, adrenergic stimuli are promising strategies in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Oliveira Pinto
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Magdalon
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Wang Q, Sun N, Kunzke T, Buck A, Shen J, Prade VM, Stöckl B, Wang J, Feuchtinger A, Walch A. A simple preparation step to remove excess liquid lipids in white adipose tissue enabling improved detection of metabolites via MALDI-FTICR imaging MS. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:595-605. [PMID: 35391562 PMCID: PMC9114030 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technology used to analyze metabolites in various tissues. However, it faces significant challenges in studying adipose tissues. Poor matrix distribution and crystallization caused by excess liquid lipids on the surface of tissue sections hamper m/z species detection, an adverse effect that particularly presents in lipid-rich white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we integrated a simple and low-cost preparation step into the existing MALDI-FTICR imaging MS pipeline. The new method—referred to as filter paper application—is characterized by an easy sample handling and high reproducibility. The aforementioned filter paper is placed onto the tissue prior to matrix application in order to remove the layer of excess liquid lipids. Consequently, MALDI-FTICR imaging MS detection was significantly improved, resulting in a higher number of detected m/z species and higher ion intensities. After analyzing various durations of filter paper application, 30 s was found to be optimal, resulting in the detection of more than 3700 m/z species. Apart from the most common lipids found in WAT, other molecules involved in various metabolic pathways were detected, including nucleotides, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Our study is the first to propose a solution to a specific limitation of MALDI-FTICR imaging MS in investigating lipid-rich WAT. The filter paper approach can be performed quickly and is particularly effective for achieving uniform matrix distribution on fresh frozen WAT while maintaining tissue integrity. It thus helps to gain insight into the metabolism in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Na Sun
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jian Shen
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Verena M Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Stöckl
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Anderson LJ, Lee J, Anderson B, Lee B, Migula D, Sauer A, Chong N, Liu H, Wu PC, Dash A, Li Y, Garcia JM. Whole-body and adipose tissue metabolic phenotype in cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1124-1133. [PMID: 35088949 PMCID: PMC8977952 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered adipose tissue (AT) metabolism in cancer-associated weight loss via inflammation, lipolysis, and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is primarily implicated from rodent models; their contribution to AT wasting in cancer patients is unclear. METHODS Energy expenditure (EE), plasma, and abdominal subcutaneous WAT were obtained from men (aged 65 ± 8 years) with cancer, with (CWL, n = 27) or without (CWS, n = 47) weight loss, and weight-stable non-cancer patients (CON, n = 26). Clinical images were assessed for adipose and muscle area while plasma and WAT were assessed for inflammatory, lipolytic, and browning markers. RESULTS CWL displayed smaller subcutaneous AT (SAT; P = 0.05) and visceral AT (VAT; P = 0.034) than CWS, and displayed higher circulating interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.01) and WAT transcript levels of IL-6 (P = 0.029), IL-1β (P = 0.042), adipose triglyceride lipase (P = 0.026), and browning markers (Dio2, P = 0.03; PGC-1a, P = 0.016) than CWS and CON. There was no difference across groups in absolute REE (P = 0.061), %predicted REE (P = 0.18), circulating free fatty acids (FFA, P = 0.13) or parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP; P = 0.88), or WAT protein expression of inflammation (IL-6, P = 0.51; IL-1β, P = 0.29; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, P = 0.23) or WAT protein or gene expression of browning (uncoupling protein-1, UCP-1; P = 0.13, UCP-1, P = 0.14). In patients with cancer, FFA was moderately correlated with WAT hormone-sensitive lipase transcript (r = 0.38, P = 0.018, n = 39); circulating cytokines were not correlated with expression of WAT inflammatory markers and circulating PTHrP was not correlated with expression of WAT browning markers. In multivariate regression using cancer patients only, body mass index (BMI) directly predicted SAT (N = 25, R2 = 0.72, P < 0.001), VAT (N = 28, R2 = 0.64, P < 0.001), and absolute REE (N = 22, R2 = 0.43, P = 0.001), while BMI and WAT UCP-1 protein were indirectly associated with %predicted REE (N = 22, R2 = 0.45, P = 0.02), and FFA was indirectly associated with RQ (N = 22, R2 = 0.52, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cancer-related weight loss was associated with elevated circulating IL-6 and elevations in some WAT inflammatory, lipolytic and browning marker transcripts. BMI, not weight loss, was associated with increased energy expenditure. The contribution of inflammation and lipolysis, and lack thereof for WAT browning, will need to be clarified in other tumour types to increase generalizability. Future studies should consider variability in fat mass when exploring the relationship between cancer and adipose metabolism and should observe the trajectory of lipolysis and energy expenditure over time to establish the clinical significance of these associations and to inform more mechanistic interpretation of causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey J. Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine‐Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Barbara Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Benjamin Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Dorota Migula
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Adam Sauer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nicole Chong
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
| | - Haiming Liu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine‐Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Peter C. Wu
- Department of SurgeryVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Atreya Dash
- Department of UrologyVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Yi‐Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine‐Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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Xie Y, Liu L. Role of Chemerin/ChemR23 axis as an emerging therapeutic perspective on obesity-related vascular dysfunction. J Transl Med 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 35317838 PMCID: PMC8939091 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient epidemiological investigations demonstrate that there is a close correlation between obesity and vascular dysfunction. Nevertheless, specific mechanisms underlying this link remain currently unclear. Given the crucial and decisive role of vascular dysfunction in multitudinous diseases, various hypotheses had been proposed and numerous experiments were being carried out. One recognized view is that increased adipokine secretion following the expanded mass of white adipose tissue due to obesity contributes to the regulation of vascular function. Chemerin, as a neo-adipokine, whose systemic level is elevated in obesity, is believed as a regulator of adipogenesis, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction via binding its cell surface receptor, chemR23. Hence, this review aims to focus on the up-to-date proof on chemerin/chemR23 axis-relevant signaling pathways, emphasize the multifarious impacts of chemerin/chemR23 axis on vascular function regulation, raise certain unsettled questions to inspire further investigations, and explore the therapeutic possibilities targeting chemerin/chemR23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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Li C, Xu YH, Hu YT, Zhou X, Huang ZS, Ye JM, Rao Y. Matrine counteracts obesity in mice via inducing adipose thermogenesis by activating HSF1/PGC-1α axis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106136. [PMID: 35202821 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Promoting energy expenditure is known to curb obesity and can be exploited for its treatment. Our previous study has demonstrated that activation of HSF1/PGC-1α axis efficiently induced mitochondrial biogenesis and adaptive oxidation and thus ameliorating lipid accumulation, however, whether it can be a therapeutic approach for metabolic disorders treatment needs explored. Here, a high-efficient and specific HSF1/PGC-1α activator screening system was established and the natural clinical liver-protecting agent matrine was identified as a robust HSF1/PGC-1α activator. Matrine treatment efficiently induced mitogenesis and thermogenic program in primary mouse adipose stem cell derived adipocytes by enriching HSF1 to the promoter of Pgc-1α. Deficiency of PGC-1α in adipocytes diminished the browning induction ability of matrine. Oral administration of matrine to the obese mice induced by high fat and high cholesterol diet increased energy expenditure and corrected the degeneration of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Also, matrine treatment markedly induced the transformation of brown-like adipocytes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) via a mechanism of HSF1/PGC-1α, thereby attenuating obesity and myriads of metabolic disorders. This led to an improvement in adaptive thermogenesis to cold stimuli. These findings are of great significance in understanding the regulation mechanisms of the HSF1/PGC-1α axis in thermogenesis and providing a novel therapeutic approach for obesity treatment. Matrine may have potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of obesity in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao-Hao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Guangdong 529020, China; Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Research Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Guangdong 529020, China; Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Research Group, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yong Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, China.
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Hao X, Zhu B, Yang P, Dong D, Sahbaie P, Oliver PL, Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB. SNAP25 mutation disrupts metabolic homeostasis, steroid hormone production and central neurobehavior. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166304. [PMID: 34826585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SNAP-25 is one of the key proteins involved in formation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes that are at the core of hormonal secretion and synaptic transmission. Altered expression or function of SNAP-25 can contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric and metabolic disease. A dominant negative (DN) I67T missense mutation in the b-isoform of SNAP-25 (DN-SNAP25mut) mice leads to abnormal interactions within the SNARE complex and impaired exocytotic vesicle recycling, yet the significance of this mutation to any association between the central nervous system and metabolic homeostasis is unknown. METHODS Here we explored aspects of metabolism, steroid hormone production and neurobehavior of DN-SNAP25mut mice. RESULTS DN-SNAP25mut mice displayed enhanced insulin function through increased Akt phosphorylation, alongside increased adrenal and gonadal hormone production. In addition, increased anxiety behavior and beigeing of white adipose tissue with increased energy expenditure were observed in mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that SNAP25 plays an important role in bridging central neurological systems with peripheral metabolic homeostasis, and provide potential insights between metabolic disease and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
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Vliora M, Grillo E, Corsini M, Ravelli C, Nintou E, Karligiotou E, Flouris AD, Mitola S. Irisin regulates thermogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130085. [PMID: 35016977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of the metabolic syndrome which along with its complications is an epidemic of the 21st century. Irisin is an adipo-myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscle and targeting, among others, adipose tissue. In brown adipose tissue it upregulates uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) which is responsible for mitochondrial non-shivering thermogenesis. METHODS Here we analyzed the effects of irisin on the metabolic activity of 3T3-L1 derived adipocytes through a mitochondrial flux assay. We also assessed the effects of irisin on the intracellular signaling through Western Blot. Finally, the gene expression of ucp1 and lipolytic genes was examined through RT-qPCR. RESULTS Irisin affects mitochondrial respiration and lipolysis in a time-dependent manner through the regulation of PI3K-AKT pathway. Irisin also induces the expression of UCP1 and the regulation of NF-κB, and CREB and ERK pathways. CONCLUSION Our data supports the role of irisin in the induction of non-shivering thermogenesis, the regulation of energy expenditure and lipolysis in adipocytes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Irisin may be an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleni Nintou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Eleni Karligiotou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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He Q, Zhang Y, Ma D, Zhang W, Zhang H. Lactobacillus casei Zhang exerts anti-obesity effect to obese glut1 and gut-specific-glut1 knockout mice via gut microbiota modulation mediated different metagenomic pathways. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2003-2014. [PMID: 34984487 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) impairment has been proposed as a mechanism of fat accumulation and glucose tolerance. Our aims were to determine the role of intestinal epithelial glut1 activity in obesity and the mechanism of anti-obesity effect of Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) intervention in the absence of gut villi-specific glut1 expression. METHODS This study compared the body weight, intestinal microbiota perturbations, fat mass accumulation, and glucose tolerance (by oral glucose tolerance test) between high-fat diet fed villi-specific glut1 knockout (KO) mice and control mice (glut1 flox/flox) with/without LCZ intervention. The intestinal microbiota was evaluated by metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS Our results showed that villi-specific glut1 KO mice had more fat deposition at the premetaphase stage, impaired glucose tolerance, and obvious alterations in gut microbiota compared to control mice. Probiotic administration significantly lowered the body weight, the weights of mesenteric and perirenal white adipose tissues (WAT), and mediated gut microbiota modulation in both types of KO and control mice. The species Barnesiella intestinihominis and Faecalibaculum rodentium might contribute to fasting fat mass accumulation associated with gut-specific glut1 inactivation, while the probiotic-mediated anti-obesity effect was linked to members of the Bacteroides genera, Odoribacter genera and Alistipes finegoldii. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that abrogating gut epithelial GLUT1 activity affected the gut microbiota, fat mass accumulation, and glucose tolerance; and LCZ administration reduced fat mass accumulation and central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
| | - Da Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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46
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was first identified by Conrad Gessner in 1551, but it was only in 1961 that it was firmly identified as a thermogenic organ. Key developments in the subsequent two decades demonstrated that: (1) BAT is quantitatively important to non-shivering thermogenesis in rodents, (2) uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation through a mitochondrial proton conductance pathway is the central mechanism by which heat is generated, (3) uncoupling protein-1 is the critical factor regulating proton leakage in BAT mitochondria. Following pivotal studies on cafeteria-fed rats and obese ob/ob mice, BAT was then shown to have a central role in the regulation of energy balance and the etiology of obesity. The application of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the late 2000s confirmed that BAT is present and active in adults, resulting in renewed interest in the tissue in human energetics and obesity. Subsequent studies have demonstrated a broad metabolic role for BAT, the tissue being an important site of glucose disposal and triglyceride clearance, as well as of insulin action. BAT continues to be a potential target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Trayhurn
- Obesity Biology Unit, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.
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Alzamendi A, Miguel I, Zubiría MG, Gambaro SE, Spinedi E, Giovambattista A. Maternal high fructose diet exacerbates white adipose tissue thermogenic process in offspring upon exposure to cold temperature. Life Sci 2021; 287:120066. [PMID: 34678264 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM An adverse endogenous environment during early life predisposes to metabolic disorder development. We previously reported adverse metabolic and adipose tissue effects in adult male rats born to dams fed with a fructose-rich diet (FRD). The aim of this work was to determine the effect of a FRD consumed by the pregnant mother on the white adipose tissue (WAT) browning capacity of male offspring at adulthood. MAIN METHODS Adult SD male offspring from control (C) and FRD-fed mothers were exposed during one week to a cold stimulus. WAT browning capacity was studied through in vivo and in vitro approaches. KEY FINDINGS After cold exposure, WAT browning was higher in fructose-programmed animals as evidenced by an increase in ucp-1 gene expression, protein levels, and higher UCP-1 positive foci. Moreover, pgc1-α gene expression was increased. In vitro studies showed a lower adipogenic capacity in cells of prenatally fructose-exposed animals differentiated with a white differentiation cocktail, while a higher ucp-1 expression was noted when their cells were treated with a pro-beige differentiation cocktail. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time we demonstrate that pre-natal fructose exposure predisposes programmed male rats to a higher WAT browning-induced response, under stimulated conditions, despite an apparent lower basal thermogenic capacity. These results should be considered in future studies to generate new therapeutic approaches to deal with adverse programming malnutrition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alzamendi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - I Miguel
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - M G Zubiría
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - S E Gambaro
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - E Spinedi
- Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada (CENEXA, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Avenida 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - A Giovambattista
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 526, 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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48
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Abstract
Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the prevalence of brain disorders. Although clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can be a result of unhealthy diets that may cause alterations in peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary fatty acids are of interest, as they act as signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA, SFA and TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and sphingolipids (SL) can diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, these pro- and anti-inflammatory diets might indirectly influence neuroinflammation via the adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine and vasculature. Here, we review the impact of nutrition on brain health. In particular, we will discuss the role of dietary lipids in signalling pathways directly applicable to inflammation and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Emma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Amanda
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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49
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Rondini EA, Ramseyer VD, Burl RB, Pique-Regi R, Granneman JG. Single cell functional genomics reveals plasticity of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) during early postnatal development. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101307. [PMID: 34298199 PMCID: PMC8385178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study addresses the cellular complexity and plasticity of subcutaneous (inguinal) white adipose tissue (iWAT) in mice during the critical periods of perinatal growth and establishment. METHODS We performed a large-scale single cell transcriptomic (scRNA-seq) and epigenomic (snATAC-seq) characterization of cellular subtypes (adipose stromal cells (ASC) and adipocyte nuclei) during inguinal WAT (subcutaneous; iWAT) development in mice, capturing the early postnatal period (postnatal days (PND) 06 and 18) through adulthood (PND56). RESULTS Perinatal and adult iWAT contain 3 major ASC subtypes that can be independently identified by RNA expression profiles and DNA transposase accessibility. Furthermore, the transcriptomes and enhancer landscapes of both ASC and adipocytes dynamically change during postnatal development. Perinatal ASC (PND06) are highly enriched for several imprinted genes (IGs; e.g., Mest, H19, Igf2) and extracellular matrix proteins whose expression then declines prior to weaning (PND18). By comparison, adult ASC (PND56) are more enriched for transcripts associated with immunoregulation, oxidative stress, and integrin signaling. Two clusters of mature adipocytes, identified through single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), were distinctive for proinflammatory/immune or metabolic gene expression patterns that became more transcriptionally diverse in adult animals. Single nuclei assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (snATAC-seq) revealed that differences in gene expression were associated with developmental changes in chromatin accessibility and predicted transcription factor motifs (e.g., Plagl1, Ar) in both stromal cells and adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide new insights into transcriptional and epigenomic signaling networks important during iWAT establishment at a single cell resolution, with important implications for the field of metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rondini
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vanesa D Ramseyer
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rayanne B Burl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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50
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Ma D, Li X, Wang Y, Cai L, Wang Y. Excessive fat expenditure in cachexia is associated with dysregulated circadian rhythm: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:89. [PMID: 34627306 PMCID: PMC8502262 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by the excessive depletion of adipose tissue. This hypermetabolic condition has catastrophic impacts on the survival and quality of life for patients suffering from critical illness. However, efficient therapies to prevent adipose expenditure have not been discovered. It has been established that the circadian clock plays an important role in modulating fat metabolic processes. Recently, an increasing number of studies had provided evidence showing that disrupted circadian rhythm leads to insulin resistance and obesity; however, studies analyzing the relationship between circadian misalignment and adipose tissue expenditure in cachexia are scarce. In the present review, we cover the involvement of the circadian clocks in the regulation of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and thermogenesis as well as inflammation in white and brown adipose tissue. According to the present review, we conclude that circadian clock disruption is associated with lipid metabolism imbalance and elevated adipose tissue inflammation. Moreover, under cachexia conditions, lipid synthesis and storage processes lost rhythm and decreased, while lipolysis and thermogenesis activities remained high for 24 h. Therefore, disordered circadian clock may be responsible for fat expenditure in cachexia by adversely influencing lipid synthesis/ storage/lipolysis/utilization. Further study needs to be performed to explore the direct interaction between circadian clock and fat expenditure in cachexia, it will likely provide potential efficient drugs for the treatment of fat expenditure in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dufang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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