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Min EK, Kim SR, Lee CM, Na KH, Park CH, Oh BC, Jung Y, Hong IS. Identification of memory mechanism in tissue-resident stem cells via ANGPTL4 beyond immune cells upon viral antigen exposure. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00222-3. [PMID: 38582960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although memory functions of immune cells characterized by increased resistance to subsequent infections after initial pathogen exposure are well-established, it remains unclear whether non-immune cells, especially tissue-resident stem cells, exhibit similar memory mechanisms. The present study revealed that detrimental effects of initial viral antigen exposure (human papillomavirus [HPV]) on diverse stem cell functions were significantly exacerbated upon subsequent secondary exposure both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, endometrial stem cells exhibited robust memory functions following consecutive HPV antigen exposures, whereas fully differentiated cells such as fibroblasts and vesicular cells did not show corresponding changes in response to the same antigen exposures. Deficiency of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) achieved through small hairpin RNA knockdown in vitro and knockout (KO) mice in vivo highlighted the critical role of ANGPTL4 in governing memory functions associated with various stem cell processes. This regulation occurred through histone H3 methylation alterations and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in response to successive HPV antigen exposures. Furthermore, memory functions associated with various stem cell functions that were evident in wild-type mice following consecutive exposures to HPV antigen were not observed in ANGPTL4 KO mice. In summary, our findings strongly support the presence of memory mechanism in non-immune cells, particularly tissue-resident stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Min
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mi Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Hee Na
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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Park SR, Kook MG, Kim SR, Lee JW, Yu YS, Park CH, Lim S, Oh BC, Jung Y, Hong IS. A microscale 3D organ on a chip for recapitulating reciprocal neuroendocrine crosstalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025011. [PMID: 38277677 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad22f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional 2D or even recently developed 3Din vitroculture models for hypothalamus and pituitary gland cannot successfully recapitulate reciprocal neuroendocrine communications between these two pivotal neuroendocrine tissues known to play an essential role in controlling the body's endocrine system, survival, and reproduction. In addition, most currentvitroculture models for neuroendocrine tissues fail to properly reflect their complex multicellular structure. In this context, we developed a novel microscale chip platform, termed the 'hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis-on-a-chip,' which integrates various cellular components of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland with biomaterials such as collagen and hyaluronic acid. We used non-toxic blood coagulation factors (fibrinogen and thrombin) as natural cross-linking agents to increase the mechanical strength of biomaterials without showing residual toxicity to overcome drawbacks of conventional chemical cross-linking agents. Furthermore, we identified and verified SERPINB2 as a reliable neuroendocrine toxic marker, with its expression significantly increased in both hypothalamus and pituitary gland cells following exposure to various types of toxins. Next, we introduced SERPINB2-fluorescence reporter system into loaded hypothalamic cells and pituitary gland cells within each chamber of the HP axis on a chip, respectively. By incorporating this SERPINB2 detection system into the loaded hypothalamic and pituitary gland cells within our chip platform, Our HP axis-on-chip platform can better mimic reciprocal neuroendocrine crosstalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the brain microenvironments with improved efficiency in evaluating neuroendocrine toxicities of certain drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Kook
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyi Lim
- Gachon University Gil Hospital VIP Health Promotion Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
CD14 is a co-receptor of Toll-like receptor (TLR)- 4, with a critical role in innate immune responses. CD14 recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharides, pathogen-, and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby facilitating inflammatory immune responses. In addition to its well-established association with TLR4, CD14 is also implicated in TLR4-independent signaling, which leads to the apoptotic death of differentiated dendritic cells and activation of the noncanonical inflammasome pathway. CD14 also has a role beyond that of the immune responses. It contributes to tissue homeostasis by promoting the clearance of various apoptotic cells via recognizing externalized phosphatidylinositol phosphates. CD14 also has context-dependent roles, particularly in barrier tissues that include the skin and gastrointestinal tract. For example, CD14+ dendritic cells in the skin can induce immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive responses. In the gastrointestinal system, CD14 is involved in producing inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease and maintaining of intestinal integrity. This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of CD14 in innate immunity and its potential regulatory functions in barrier tissues characterized by rapid cell renewal. By providing insights into the diverse functions of CD14, this review offers potential therapeutic implications for this versatile molecule in immune modulation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhee Na
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea.
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea.
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Park SR, Kim SR, Min EK, Oh BC, Jung Y, Kim YH, Lee HY. Unveiling the potential effects of acetylsalicylic acid: insights into regeneration in endometrial stem cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:323. [PMID: 37950232 PMCID: PMC10638813 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although acetylsalicylic acid has been widely used for decades to treat and prevent various diseases, its potential effects on endometrial receptivity and subsequent pregnancy rates are still controversial due to conflicting data: many reports have shown positive effects of acetylsalicylic acid, whereas others have found that it has no effect. Furthermore, the direct effects of acetylsalicylic acid on various functions of normal endometrial cells, especially endometrial stem cells, and their underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been proven. Recently, studies have revealed that a reduced number of active stem/progenitor cells within endometrial tissue limits cyclic endometrial regeneration and subsequently decreases pregnancy success rates, suggesting that endometrial stem cells play a critical role in endometrial regeneration and subsequent endometrial receptivity. METHODS We assessed whether aspirin treatment can inhibit various endometrial stem cell functions related to regenerative capacity, such as self-renewal, migration, pluripotency/stemness, and differentiation capacity, in vitro. Next, we evaluated whether SERPINB2 regulates the effects of aspirin on endometrial stem cell functions by depleting SERPINB2 expression with specific shRNA targeting SERPINB2. To further investigate whether aspirin also inhibits various endometrial stem cell functions in vivo, aspirin was administered daily to mice through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 7 days. RESULTS In addition to its previously identified roles, to the best of our knowledge, we found for the first time that acetylsalicylic acid directly inhibits various human endometrial stem cell functions related to regenerative capacity (i.e., self-renewal, migration, differentiation, and capacity) through its novel target gene SERPINB2 in vitro. Acetylsalicylic acid exerts its function by suppressing well-known prosurvival pathways, such as Akt and/or ERK1/2 signaling, through a SERPINB2 signaling cascade. Moreover, we also found that acetylsalicylic acid markedly inhibits regenerative capacity-related functions in endometrial stem cells within tissue. CONCLUSIONS We have found that acetylsalicylic acid has diverse effects on various endometrial stem cell functions related to regenerative capacity. Our findings are a critical step toward the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to increase the chances of successful pregnancy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Min
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Oh BC. Phosphoinositides and intracellular calcium signaling: novel insights into phosphoinositides and calcium coupling as negative regulators of cellular signaling. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1702-1712. [PMID: 37524877 PMCID: PMC10474053 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and phosphoinositides (PIPs) are crucial for regulating cellular activities such as metabolism and cell survival. Cells maintain precise intracellular Ca2+ and PIP levels via the actions of a complex system of Ca2+ channels, transporters, Ca2+ ATPases, and signaling effectors, including specific lipid kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Recent research has shed light on the complex interplay between Ca2+ and PIP signaling, suggesting that elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels negatively regulate PIP signaling by inhibiting the membrane localization of PIP-binding proteins carrying specific domains, such as the pleckstrin homology (PH) and Ca2+-independent C2 domains. This dysregulation is often associated with cancer and metabolic diseases. PIPs recruit various proteins with PH domains to the plasma membrane in response to growth hormones, which activate signaling pathways regulating metabolism, cell survival, and growth. However, abnormal PIP signaling in cancer cells triggers consistent membrane localization and activation of PIP-binding proteins. In the context of obesity, an excessive intracellular Ca2+ level prevents the membrane localization of the PIP-binding proteins AKT, IRS1, and PLCδ via Ca2+-PIPs, contributing to insulin resistance and other metabolic diseases. Furthermore, an excessive intracellular Ca2+ level can cause functional defects in subcellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and mitochondria, causing metabolic diseases. This review explores how intracellular Ca2+ overload negatively regulates the membrane localization of PIP-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JW, Gu HO, Jung Y, Jung Y, Seo SY, Hong JH, Hong IS, Lee DH, Kim OH, Oh BC. Candesartan, an angiotensin-II receptor blocker, ameliorates insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis by reducing intracellular calcium overload and lipid accumulation. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-00982-6. [PMID: 37121975 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Notably, insulin resistance and hypertension share common abnormalities, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and organelle dysfunction. Recently, we showed that excess intracellular Ca2+, a known pathogenic factor in hypertension, acts as a critical negative regulator of insulin signaling by forming Ca2+-phosphoinositides that prevent the membrane localization of AKT, a key serine/threonine kinase signaling molecule. Whether preventing intracellular Ca2+ overload improves insulin sensitivity, however, has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the antihypertensive agent candesartan, compared with other angiotensin-II receptor blockers, has previously unrecognized beneficial effects on attenuating insulin resistance. We found that candesartan markedly reduced palmitic acid (PA)-induced intracellular Ca2+ overload and lipid accumulation by normalizing dysregulated store-operated channel (SOC)-mediated Ca2+ entry into cells, which alleviated PA-induced insulin resistance by promoting insulin-stimulated AKT membrane localization and increased the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream substrates. As pharmacological approaches to attenuate intracellular Ca2+ overload in vivo, administering candesartan to obese mice successfully decreased insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and tissue inflammation by inhibiting dysregulated SOC-mediated Ca2+ entry and ectopic lipid accumulation. The resulting alterations in the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules consequently alleviate impaired insulin signaling by increasing the postprandial membrane localization and phosphorylation of AKT. Thus, our findings provide robust evidence for the pleiotropic contribution of intracellular Ca2+ overload in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and suggest that there are viable approved drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of insulin resistance and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Oh Gu
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Park SR, Kook MG, Kim SR, Lee JW, Park CH, Oh BC, Jung Y, Hong IS. Development of cell-laden multimodular Lego-like customizable endometrial tissue assembly for successful tissue regeneration. Biomater Res 2023; 27:33. [PMID: 37085887 PMCID: PMC10122345 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endometrium, the inner lining of the uterine cavity, plays essential roles in embryo implantation and its subsequent development. Although some positive results were preliminarily archived, the regeneration of damaged endometrial tissues by administrating stem cells only is very challenging due to the lack of specific microenvironments and their low attachment rates at the sites of injury. In this context, various biomaterial-based scaffolds have been used to overcome these limitations by providing simple structural support for cell attachment. However, these scaffold-based strategies also cannot properly reflect patient tissue-specific structural complexity and thus show only limited therapeutic effects. METHOD Therefore, in the present study, we developed a customizable Lego-like multimodular endometrial tissue architecture by assembling individually fabricated tissue blocks. RESULTS Each tissue block was fabricated by incorporating biodegradable biomaterials and certain endometrial constituent cells. Each small tissue block was effectively fabricated by integrating conventional mold casting and 3D printing techniques. The fabricated individual tissue blocks were properly assembled into a larger customized tissue architecture. This structure not only properly mimics the patient-specific multicellular microenvironment of the endometrial tissue but also properly responds to key reproductive hormones in a manner similar to the physiological functions. CONCLUSION This customizable modular tissue assembly allows easy and scalable configuration of a complex patient-specific tissue microenvironment, thus accelerating various tissue regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Kook
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Lee SH, Lee EH, Cho JY, Song DK, Lee YJ, Kwon TK, Oh BC, Cho KW, Osborne TF, Jeon TI, Im SS. SCAP deficiency facilitates obesity and insulin resistance through shifting adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Adv Res 2023; 45:1-13. [PMID: 35659922 PMCID: PMC10006517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-associating protein (SCAP) is a sterol-regulated escort protein that translocates SREBPs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, thereby activating lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis. Although SCAP regulates lipid metabolism in metabolic tissues, such as the liver and muscle, the effect of macrophage-specific SCAP deficiency in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) of patients with metabolic diseases is not completely understood. OBJECTIVES Here, we examined the function of SCAP in high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHS)-fed mice and investigated its role in the polarization of classical activated macrophages in adipose tissue. METHODS Macrophage-specific SCAP knockout (mKO) mice were generated through crossbreeding lysozyme 2-cre mice with SCAP floxed mice which were then fed HFHS for 12 weeks. Primary macrophages were derived from bone marrow cells and analyzed further. RESULTS We found that fat accumulation and the appearance of proinflammatory M1 macrophages were both higher in HFHS-fed SCAP mKO mice relative to floxed control mice. We traced the effect to a defect in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in SREBP-1a that occurs in control but not SCAP mKO mice. Mechanistically, SREBP-1a increased expression of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase transcription, resulting in an increase in the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), an endogenous agonist of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) which increased expression of cholesterol efflux to limit cholesterol accumulation and M1 polarization. In the absence of SCAP mediated activation of SREBP-1a, increased M1 macrophage polarization resulted in reduced cholesterol efflux downstream from 25-HC-dependent LXRα activation. CONCLUSION Overall, the activation of the SCAP-SREBP-1a pathway in macrophages may provide a novel therapeutic strategy that ameliorates obesity by controlling cholesterol homeostasis in ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Physiology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bioScience (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Tae-Il Jeon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Cho SY, Na HW, Oh H, Kwak YM, Song WS, Park S, Jeon WJ, Cho H, Oh BC, Park J, Kang S, Lee GS, Yoon SI. Structural basis of flagellar motility regulation by the MogR repressor and the GmaR antirepressor in Listeria monocytogenes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11315-11330. [PMID: 36283692 PMCID: PMC9638930 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes bacterium produces the flagellum as a locomotive organelle at or below 30°C outside the host, but it halts flagellar expression at 37°C inside the human host to evade the flagellum-induced immune response. Listeria monocytogenes GmaR is a thermosensor protein that coordinates flagellar expression by binding the master transcriptional repressor of flagellar genes (MogR) in a temperature-responsive manner. To understand the regulatory mechanism whereby GmaR exerts the antirepression activity on flagellar expression, we performed structural and mutational analyses of the GmaR-MogR system. At or below 30°C, GmaR exists as a functional monomer and forms a circularly enclosed multidomain structure via an interdomain interaction. GmaR in this conformation recognizes MogR using the C-terminal antirepressor domain in a unique dual binding mode and mediates the antirepressor function through direct competition and spatial restraint mechanisms. Surprisingly, at 37°C, GmaR rapidly forms autologous aggregates that are deficient in MogR neutralization capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Cho
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-won Na
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Oh
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Mi Kwak
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Song
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Cheol Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Jong Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbaek Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lee B, Park SJ, Lee S, Lee J, Lee E, Yoo ES, Chung WS, Sohn JW, Oh BC, Kim S. Lomitapide, a cholesterol-lowering drug, is an anticancer agent that induces autophagic cell death via inhibiting mTOR. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:603. [PMID: 35831271 PMCID: PMC9279289 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a biological process that maintains cellular homeostasis and regulates the internal cellular environment. Hyperactivating autophagy to trigger cell death has been a suggested therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial protein kinase that regulates autophagy; therefore, using a structure-based virtual screen analysis, we identified lomitapide, a cholesterol-lowering drug, as a potential mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor. Our results showed that lomitapide directly inhibits mTORC1 in vitro and induces autophagy-dependent cancer cell death by decreasing mTOR signaling, thereby inhibiting the downstream events associated with increased LC3 conversion in various cancer cells (e.g., HCT116 colorectal cancer cells) and tumor xenografts. Lomitapide also significantly suppresses the growth and viability along with elevated autophagy in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids. Furthermore, a combination of lomitapide and immune checkpoint blocking antibodies synergistically inhibits tumor growth in murine MC38 or B16-F10 preclinical syngeneic tumor models. These results elucidate the direct, tumor-relevant immune-potentiating benefits of mTORC1 inhibition by lomitapide, which complement the current immune checkpoint blockade. This study highlights the potential repurposing of lomitapide as a new therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boah Lee
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,Present Address: ERSTEQ co., Ltd, Daejeon, 34013 Korea
| | - Seung Ju Park
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,Present Address: ERSTEQ co., Ltd, Daejeon, 34013 Korea
| | - Seulgi Lee
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,Present Address: ERSTEQ co., Ltd, Daejeon, 34013 Korea
| | - Jinwook Lee
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999 Korea
| | - Eunbeol Lee
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Eun-Seon Yoo
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Sohn
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999 Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea ,grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500KAIST Stem Cell Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Korea
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11
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Park S, Kim OH, Lee K, Park IB, Kim NH, Moon S, Im J, Sharma SP, Oh BC, Nam S, Lee DH. Plasma and urinary extracellular vesicle microRNAs and their related pathways in diabetic kidney disease. Genomics 2022; 114:110407. [PMID: 35716820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To explore extracellular vesicle microRNAs (EV miRNAs) and their target mRNAs in relation to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), we performed paired plasma and urinary EV small RNA sequencing (n = 18) in patients with type 2 diabetes and DKD (n = 5) and healthy subjects (n = 4) and metabolic network analyses using our own miRNA and public mRNA datasets. We found 13 common differentially expressed EV miRNAs in both fluids and 17 target mRNAs, including RRM2, NT5E, and UGDH. Because succinate dehydrogenase B was suggested to interact with proteins encoded by these three genes, we measured urinary succinate and adenosine in a validation study (n = 194). These two urinary metabolite concentrations were associated with DKD progression. In addition, renal expressions of NT5E and UGDH proteins were increased in db/db mice with DKD compared to control mice. In conclusion, we profiled DKD-related EV miRNAs in plasma and urine samples and found their relevant target pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ie Byung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongryeol Moon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeen Im
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Satya Priya Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Park A, Choi SJ, Park S, Kim SM, Lee HE, Joo M, Kim KK, Kim D, Chung DH, Im JB, Jung J, Shin SK, Oh BC, Choi C, Nam S, Lee DH. Plasma Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 as a Biomarker Performs Well in the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095035. [PMID: 35563425 PMCID: PMC9101253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We found several blood biomarkers through computational secretome analyses, including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10), which reflected the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). After confirming that hepatic AKR1B10 reflected the progression of NAFLD in a subgroup with NAFLD, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of plasma AKR1B10 and other biomarkers for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in replication cohort. We enrolled healthy control subjects and patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 102) and evaluated the performance of various diagnostic markers. Plasma AKR1B10 performed well in the diagnosis of NASH with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.834 and a cutoff value of 1078.2 pg/mL, as well as advanced fibrosis (AUROC curve value of 0.914 and cutoff level 1078.2 pg/mL), with further improvement in combination with C3. When we monitored a subgroup of obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery (n = 35), plasma AKR1B10 decreased dramatically, and 40.0% of patients with NASH at baseline showed a decrease in plasma AKR1B10 levels to below the cutoff level after the surgery. In an independent validation study, we proved that plasma AKR1B10 was a specific biomarker of NAFLD progression across varying degrees of renal dysfunction. Despite perfect correlation between plasma and serum levels of AKR1B10 in paired sample analysis, its serum level was 1.4-fold higher than that in plasma. Plasma AKR1B10 alone and in combination with C3 could be a useful noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (A.P.); (M.J.); (J.B.I.)
| | - Seung Joon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Genome Medicine, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (S.M.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (H.E.L.); (S.K.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Minjae Joo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (A.P.); (M.J.); (J.B.I.)
| | - Kyoung Kon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Doojin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (S.M.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dong Hae Chung
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Jae Been Im
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (A.P.); (M.J.); (J.B.I.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (H.E.L.); (S.K.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Seung Kak Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (H.E.L.); (S.K.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Cheolsoo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (H.E.L.); (S.K.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (A.P.); (M.J.); (J.B.I.)
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Genome Medicine, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (D.H.L.); Tel.: +82-32-458-2737 (S.N.); +82-32-458-2733 (D.H.L.); Fax: +82-32-458-2875 (S.N.); +82-32-468-5836 (D.H.L.)
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (H.E.L.); (S.K.S.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (D.H.L.); Tel.: +82-32-458-2737 (S.N.); +82-32-458-2733 (D.H.L.); Fax: +82-32-458-2875 (S.N.); +82-32-468-5836 (D.H.L.)
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13
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Kim HJ, Jung YS, Jung YJ, Kim OH, Oh BC. High-Phytate Diets Increase Amyloid β Deposition and Apoptotic Neuronal Cell Death in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:4370. [PMID: 34959925 PMCID: PMC8709321 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the hippocampus is an essential event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Insoluble Aβ is formed through the sequential proteolytic hydrolysis of the Aβ precursor protein, which is cleaved by proteolytic secretases. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of Aβ accumulation remain elusive. Here, we report that rats fed high-phytate diets showed Aβ accumulation and increased apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus through the activation of the amyloidogenic pathway in the hippocampus. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the overexpression of BACE1 β-secretase, a critical enzyme for Aβ generation, exacerbated the hippocampal Aβ accumulation in rats fed high-phytate diets. Moreover, we identified that parathyroid hormone, a physiological hormone responding to the phytate-mediated dysregulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, plays an essential role in the transcriptional activation of the Aβ precursor protein and BACE1 through the vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor axis. Thus, our findings suggest that phytate-mediated dysregulation of calcium and phosphate is a substantial risk factor for elevated Aβ accumulation and apoptotic neuronal cell death in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yun-Shin Jung
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yun-Jae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea;
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-S.J.)
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14
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Kim MJ, Kim HH, Song YS, Kim OH, Choi K, Kim S, Oh BC, Park YJ. DEHP Down-Regulates Tshr Gene Expression in Rat Thyroid Tissues and FRTL-5 Rat Thyrocytes: A Potential Mechanism of Thyroid Disruption. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:447-454. [PMID: 33789034 PMCID: PMC8090463 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is known to disrupt thyroid hormonal status. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this disruption is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the direct effects of DEHP on the thyroid gland. METHODS DEHP (vehicle, 50 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 weeks. The expression of the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway in rat thyroid tissues was analyzed through RNA sequencing analysis, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. DEHP was treated to FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells, and an RT-PCR analysis was performed. A reporter gene assay containing the promoter of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) in Nthy-ori 3-1 human thyroid cells was constructed, and luciferase activity was determined. RESULTS After DEHP treatment, the free thyroxine (T4) and total T4 levels in rats significantly decreased. RNA sequencing analysis of rat thyroid tissues showed little difference between vehicle and DEHP groups. In the RT-PCR analysis, Tshr expression was significantly lower in both DEHP groups (50 and 500 mg/kg) compared to that in the vehicle group, and IHC staining showed that TSHR expression in the 50 mg/kg DEHP group significantly decreased. DEHP treatment to FRTL-5 cells significantly down-regulated Tshr expression. DEHP treatment also reduced luciferase activity in a reporter gene assay for TSHR. CONCLUSION Although overall genetic changes in the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway are not clear, DEHP exposure could significantly down-regulate Tshr expression in thyroid glands. Down-regulation of Tshr gene appears to be one of potential mechanisms of thyroid disruption by DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young Shin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Environmental Science and Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX,
USA
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
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15
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Lee JH, Go Y, Kim DY, Lee SH, Kim OH, Jeon YH, Kwon TK, Bae JH, Song DK, Rhyu IJ, Lee IK, Shong M, Oh BC, Petucci C, Park JW, Osborne TF, Im SS. Correction: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced metabolic stress by limiting oxidative damage to the mitochondria from brown adipose tissue. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:988. [PMID: 32541817 PMCID: PMC8115325 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41404, South Korea.,Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chungnam National University Hospital (CNUH), 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Younsoo-gu, Inchon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Petucci
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Department of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Kim OH, Booth CJ, Choi HS, Lee J, Kang J, Hur J, Jung WJ, Jung YS, Choi HJ, Kim H, Auh JH, Kim JW, Cha JY, Lee YJ, Lee CS, Choi C, Jung YJ, Yang JY, Im SS, Lee DH, Cho SW, Kim YB, Park KS, Park YJ, Oh BC. High-phytate/low-calcium diet is a risk factor for crystal nephropathies, renal phosphate wasting, and bone loss. eLife 2020; 9:52709. [PMID: 32271147 PMCID: PMC7145417 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate overload contributes to mineral bone disorders that are associated with crystal nephropathies. Phytate, the major form of phosphorus in plant seeds, is known as an indigestible and of negligible nutritional value in humans. However, the mechanism and adverse effects of high-phytate intake on Ca2+ and phosphate absorption and homeostasis are unknown. Here, we show that excessive intake of phytate along with a low-Ca2+ diet fed to rats contributed to the development of crystal nephropathies, renal phosphate wasting, and bone loss through tubular dysfunction secondary to dysregulation of intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption. Moreover, Ca2+ supplementation alleviated the detrimental effects of excess dietary phytate on bone and kidney through excretion of undigested Ca2+-phytate, which prevented a vicious cycle of intestinal phosphate overload and renal phosphate wasting while improving intestinal Ca2+ bioavailability. Thus, we demonstrate that phytate is digestible without a high-Ca2+ diet and is a risk factor for phosphate overloading and for the development of crystal nephropathies and bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Han Seok Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinku Kang
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - June Hur
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Jung
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Shin Jung
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyuck Auh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wan Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soon Lee
- Medical Health Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolsoo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jae Jung
- Department of Mirobiolgy, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Department of Toxicological Evaluation and Research, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hong S, Na S, Kim OH, Jeong S, Oh BC, Ha NC. High-resolution structures of annexin A5 in a two-dimensional array. J Struct Biol 2019; 209:107401. [PMID: 31605770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are soluble cytosolic proteins that bind to cell membranes. Annexin A5 self-assembles into a two-dimensional (2D) array and prevents cell rupture by attaching to damaged membranes. However, this process is not fully understood at the molecular level. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of annexin A5 with and without calcium (Ca2+) and confirmed the Ca2+-dependent outward motion of a tryptophan residue. Strikingly, the two structures exhibited the same crystal packing and 2D arrangement into a p3 lattice, which agrees well with the results of low-resolution structural imaging. High-resolution structures indicated that a three-fold interaction near the tryptophan residue is important for mediating the formation of the p3 lattice. A hypothesis on the promotion of p3 lattice formation by phosphatidyl serine (PS) is also suggested. This study provides molecular insight into how annexins modulate the physical properties of cell membranes as a function of Ca2+ concentration and the phospholipid composition of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokho Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohui Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Bang IH, Kwon OK, Hao L, Park D, Chung MJ, Oh BC, Lee S, Bae EJ, Park BH. Deacetylation of XBP1s by sirtuin 6 confers resistance to ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31541078 PMCID: PMC6802632 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The active spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is a key modulator of ER stress, but the functional role of its post-translational modification remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that XBP1s is a deacetylation target of Sirt6 and that its deacetylation protects against ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Specifically, the abundance of acetylated XBP1s and concordant hepatic steatosis were increased in hepatocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout and obese mice but were decreased by genetic overexpression and pharmacological activation of Sirt6. Mechanistically, we identified that Sirt6 deacetylated a transactivation domain of XBP1s at Lys257 and Lys297 and promoted XBP1s protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Overexpression of XBP1s, but not its deacetylation mutant 2KR (K257/297R), in mice increased lipid accumulation in the liver. Importantly, in liver tissues obtained from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the extent of XBP1s acetylation correlated positively with the NAFLD activity score but negatively with the Sirt6 level. Collectively, we present direct evidence supporting the importance of XBP1 acetylation in ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Activating a protein that regulates cellular health could protect against fat accumulation during the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high-fat diet disrupts the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular membrane network responsible for synthesizing and processing proteins and fats, and can lead to NAFLD development. Previous studies found that a protein called XBP1s activates fat-related genes during NAFLD. Byung-Hyun Park and Eun Ju Bae at Chonbuk National University in Jeonbuk, South Korea, and co-workers, recently demonstrated that high levels of a regulatory protein called Sirt6 limits liver inflammation and ER stress during high-fat diets. Now, in experiments on mouse models and human liver cells, Park’s team have shown that Sirt6 reduces liver ER stress by modifying XBP1s. Encouraging Sirt6 activation may help protect against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hyuk Bang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Lihua Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dami Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is widely used in industrial products, particularly as plasticizers and softeners. Because it is used extensively, DEHP has been detected in humans worldwide. Although epidemiological studies suggest that DEHP can disrupt the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, evidence on the association between DEHP exposure and thyroid function remains inconclusive. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between DEHP exposure and the HPT axis in humans. METHODS A literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was conducted to search for studies in which the correlation coefficient values or regression coefficient values between three major DEHP metabolites (i.e., monoethylhexyl phthalate [MEHP], mono [2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl] phthalate [MEHHP], and mono [2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl] phthalate) and thyrotropin, free thyroxine (T4), or total T4 were determined. The association between DEHPs and thyroid hormone levels were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULTS Thirteen eligible articles were included. Urinary MEHP and MEHHP concentration was negatively correlated with total T4. Pooled correlation coefficients between MEHP/MEHHP and total T4 were -0.02 [confidence interval (CI) -0.05 to 0.00] and -0.03 [CI -0.05 to -0.01], respectively. Urinary mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate concentration was positively correlated with thyrotropin, and the pooled correlation coefficient was 0.02 [CI 0.00-0.04]. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this meta-analysis suggest a significant association between the exposure of DEHP metabolites and the function of the HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jung
- Division of Environmental Health, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Address correspondence to: Young Joo Park, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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20
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Song YS, Kim MJ, Sun HJ, Kim HH, Shin HS, Kim YA, Oh BC, Cho SW, Park YJ. Aberrant Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Signaling Increases VEGF-A and CXCL8 Secretion of Thyroid Cancer Cells, Contributing to Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:414-425. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Kim MJ, Moon S, Oh BC, Jung D, Ji K, Choi K, Park YJ. Association between perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid function in adults: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197244. [PMID: 29746532 PMCID: PMC5945046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Many people are exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) because these substances are widely used as industrial products. Although epidemiological studies suggest that PFASs can disrupt thyroid hormones, the association between PFAS exposure and thyroid function remains inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the association between PFASs exposure and thyroid hormones. Methods We searched medical literature databases for articles on the association between PFASs–perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)–and thyroid hormone levels in adults. Twelve articles were included in the meta-analysis, and the pooled z values were calculated with correlation or regression coefficients. Results The blood PFOS concentration was positively correlated with free T4. The pooled z value was 0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.08). PFOS was negatively correlated with total T4 and total T3 when excluding outlier studies. In a subgroup analysis stratified by mean PFOS concentration, PFOS was observed to be positively associated with free T4 and TSH and negatively associated with total T3 in the intermediate concentration group (8–16 ng/mL). PFOA concentration was negatively correlated with total T4 (z value, -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.03) after omitting one outlier study. PFHxS also showed a negative correlation with total T4 (z value, -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07, -0.01). A subgroup analysis of pregnant women showed that there was no association between PFASs and thyroid hormones. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that PFASs are negatively associated with total T4, and their effect can be different depending on the PFAS concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jung
- Division of Environmental Health, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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22
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Lee ES, Lee DS, Pandeya PR, Kim YC, Kang DG, Lee HS, Oh BC, Lee DH. Sodium butyrate has context-dependent actions on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and other metabolic parameters. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 21:519-529. [PMID: 28883756 PMCID: PMC5587602 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.5.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (SB) has various metabolic actions. However, its effect on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) needs to be studied further. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic actions of SB, considering its physiologically relevant concentration. We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice). Ten-week HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SB treatment by adding SB to HFD which was maintained for an additional 16 weeks. In HepG2 cells, SB suppressed DPP-4 activity and expression at sub-molar concentrations, whereas it increased DPP-4 activity at a concentration of 1,000 µM. In HFD-induced obese mice, SB decreased blood glucose, serum levels of insulin and IL-1β, and DPP-4 activity, and suppressed the increase in body weight. On the contrary, various tissues including liver, kidney, and peripheral blood cells showed variable responses of DPP-4 to SB. Especially in the kidney, although DPP-4 activity was decreased by SB in HFD-induced obese mice, it caused an increase in mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The pro-inflammatory actions of SB in the kidney of HFD-induced obese mice were recapitulated by cultured mesangial cell experiments, in which SB stimulated the secretion of several cytokines from cells. Our results showed that SB has differential actions according to its treatment dose and the type of cells and tissues. Thus, further studies are required to evaluate its therapeutic relevance in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | | | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dae-Gil Kang
- Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Body Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.,College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.,Department of physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
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23
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Lee JH, Kang HS, Park HY, Moon YA, Kang YN, Oh BC, Song DK, Bae JH, Im SS. PPARα-dependent Insig2a overexpression inhibits SREBP-1c processing during fasting. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9958. [PMID: 28855656 PMCID: PMC5577246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) play a role in regulating cellular fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis via fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis. The control of SREBP processing is regulated by the insulin induced gene (INSIG)2a protein, which binds SREBP to prevent SREBP translocation to the Golgi apparatus during nutrient starvation in the liver. However, the regulation of SREBP-1c processing by INSIGs during fasting and the regulatory mechanisms of the mouse Insig2a gene expression have not been clearly addressed. In the present study, we found that Insig2a was upregulated by PPARα in mouse livers and primary hepatocytes during fasting, whereas Insig2a mRNA expression was decreased in the livers of refed mice. A PPAR-responsive element between −126 bp and −114 bp in the Insig2a promoter was identified by a transient transfection assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay; its role in regulation by PPARα was characterised using Pparα-null mice. These results suggest that PPARα is a trans-acting factor that enhances Insig2a gene expression, thereby suppressing SREBP-1c processing during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Hye Suk Kang
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Yu Na Kang
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Bae
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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24
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Cha JY, Park JM, Lee HJ, Bae JS, Han YM, Oh BC, Ko KH, Hahm KB. Emerging Targets to Relieve Fat Stress-Induced Liver Diseases: UDCA, Tocotrienol, ω-3 PUFAs, and IgY Targeted NPC1L1 Cholesterol Transporter. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:3941-3951. [PMID: 28714405 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170714124824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fat stress-induced liver disease is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome initiated by excess fat accumulation and encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a precursor lesion progressing to more aggressive liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the incidence of these fat stress-induced liver diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide in parallel with the growing epidemics of obesity and metabolic diseases, its exact pathogenesis is not well defined. Although obesity, sedentary life-style, altered dietary pattern, insulin resistance, altered intestinal barrier function, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress have been acknowledged as contributing factors because of the indefinite pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the only reliable treatment is lifestyle intervention composed of restrictive diet and exercise. Additionally, some existing medications such as pioglitazone and antioxidants such as vitamin E were reported to be effective; in this review, several novel agents especifically targeting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis under clinical trial will be introduced. These include an NPC1L1 blocker (ezetimibe), which significantly improved histological and symptomatic scores associated with steatohepatitis and fibrosis; clofibrate, phentoxyfylline, ursodeoxycholic acid, and tocopherol, all of which are prescribed to relieve fat stress; and additional IgY targeted NPC1L1, tocotrienol, ursodeoxycholic acid, and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are actively under investigation to confirm the safety of long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon. Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam. Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon. Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon. Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam. Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon. Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Ko
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam. Korea
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex and CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, 463-838. Korea
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25
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Kim OH, Kim H, Kang J, Yang D, Kang YH, Lee DH, Cheon GJ, Park SC, Oh BC. Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cells causes accumulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages in aged mice. BMB Rep 2017; 50:43-48. [PMID: 27866511 PMCID: PMC5319664 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.1.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of tissue macrophages is a significant characteristic of disease-associated chronic inflammation, and facilitates the progression of disease pathology. However, the functional roles of these bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in aging are unclear. Here, we identified age-dependent macrophage accumulation in the bone marrow, showing that aging significantly increases the number of M1 macrophages and impairs polarization of BMDMs. We found that age-related dysregulation of BMDMs is associated with abnormal overexpression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. BMDM dysregulation in aging impairs the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in B-cell maturation and activation. Phagocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat cells by BMDMs was reduced because of low expression of phagocytic receptor CD14, indicating that increased apoptotic cells may result from defective phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the BM of aged mice. Therefore, CD14 may represent a promising target for preventing BMDM dysregulation, and macrophage accumulation may provide diagnostic and therapeutic clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Jinku Kang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Yu-Hoi Kang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon 16678, Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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26
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Bae JS, Park JM, Lee J, Oh BC, Jang SH, Lee YB, Han YM, Ock CY, Cha JY, Hahm KB. Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with NPC1L1-targeted IgY or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice. Metabolism 2017; 66:32-44. [PMID: 27923447 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have an increased risk for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma in addition to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and serious metabolic diseases; however, the current therapeutic options are limited. Based on our previous report that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can significantly ameliorate high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of n-3 PUFAs and N-IgY, which is a chicken egg yolk-derived IgY specific for the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) cholesterol transporter, on NAFLD in mice. We generated N-IgY and confirmed its efficient cholesterol transport-blocking activity in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells, which was comparable to the effect of ezetimibe (EZM). C57BL/6 wild type and fat-1 transgenic mice, capable of producing n-3 PUFAs, were fed a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with N-IgY. Endogenously synthesized n-3 PUFAs combined with N-IgY led to significant decreases in hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation (p<0.01). The combination of N-IgY and n-3 PUFAs resulted in significant upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol uptake (LDLR), reverse cholesterol transport (ABCG5/ABCG8), and bile acid metabolism (CYP7A1). Moreover, fat-1 transgenic mice treated with N-IgY showed significant downregulation of genes involved in cholesterol-induced hepatic stellate cell activation (Tgfb1, Tlr4, Col1a1, Col1a2, and Timp2). Collectively, these data suggest that n-3 PUFAs and N-IgY, alone or in combination, represent a promising treatment strategy to prevent HFD-induced fatty liver through the activation cholesterol catabolism to bile acids and by decreasing cholesterol-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sik Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jang
- Bioceltrand Co., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 200161, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Bin Lee
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Young Ock
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Gyunggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
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Moon MK, Kang GH, Kim HH, Han SK, Koo YD, Cho SW, Kim YA, Oh BC, Park DJ, Chung SS, Park KS, Park YJ. Thyroid-stimulating hormone improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway-dependent upregulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:50-8. [PMID: 27452800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor is expressed in extrathyroidal tissues such as hepatocytes, adipocytes, and skeletal muscle, which suggests a possible novel role of TSH in various metabolic processes in extrathyroidal tissues independent of thyroid hormones. We investigated whether TSH has any effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle using diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse models and rodent skeletal muscle cells. TSH improved glucose tolerance in DIO mice and this was associated with an improvement of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity resulting from the increased expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 protein and mRNA therein. TSH significantly increased both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat L6 myotubes and increased the expression of IRS-1 protein and mRNA in these cells as well. TSH also stimulated Irs1 promoter activation; this stimulation was abolished by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition using H89 or by mutation of the cAMP-response element site located at -1155 to -875 bp of the Irs1 promoter region, supporting a novel role of TSH activated-cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling in the regulation of Irs1 expression. In conclusion, TSH improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle by increasing Irs1 gene expression. This regulatory effect is mediated by a PKA-CREB-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hyung Kang
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Han
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Koo
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye An Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, 06236, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a natural, hydrophilic nontoxic bile acid, is clinically effective for treating cholestatic and chronic liver diseases. We investigated the chronic effects of UDCA on age-related lipid homeostasis and underlying molecular mechanisms. Twenty-week-old C57BL/6 male and female mice were fed a diet with or without 0.3% UDCA supplementation for 25 weeks. UDCA significantly reduced weight gain, adiposity, hepatic triglyceride, and hepatic cholesterol without incidental hepatic injury. UDCA-mediated hepatic triglyceride reduction was associated with downregulated hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and of other genes involved in lipogenesis (Chrebp, Acaca, Fasn, Scd1, and Me1) and fatty acid uptake (Ldlr, Cd36). The inflammatory cytokines Tnfa, Ccl2, and Il6 were significantly decreased in liver and/or white adipose tissues of UDCA-fed mice. These data suggest that UDCA exerts beneficial effects on age-related metabolic disorders by lowering the hepatic lipid accumulation, while concurrently reducing hepatocyte and adipocyte susceptibility to inflammatory stimuli. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(2): 105-110]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Bae
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Eunji Shin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Korea
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Kim DK, Kim YH, Jung YS, Kim KS, Jeong JH, Lee YS, Yuk JM, Oh BC, Choy HE, Dooley S, Muckenthaler MU, Lee CH, Choi HS. Orphan nuclear receptor SHP regulates iron metabolism through inhibition of BMP6-mediated hepcidin expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34630. [PMID: 27688041 PMCID: PMC5043349 DOI: 10.1038/srep34630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is a transcriptional corepressor regulating diverse metabolic processes. Here, we show that SHP acts as an intrinsic negative regulator of iron homeostasis. SHP-deficient mice maintained on a high-iron diet showed increased serum hepcidin levels, decreased expression of the iron exporter ferroportin as well as iron accumulation compared to WT mice. Conversely, overexpression of either SHP or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor inducing SHP expression, suppressed BMP6-induced hepcidin expression. In addition, an inhibitory effect of AMPK activators metformin and AICAR on BMP6-mediated hepcidin gene expression was significantly attenuated by ablation of SHP expression. Interestingly, SHP physically interacted with SMAD1 and suppressed BMP6-mediated recruitment of the SMAD complex to the hepcidin gene promoter by inhibiting the formation of SMAD1 and SMAD4 complex. Finally, overexpression of SHP and metformin treatment of BMP6 stimulated mice substantially restored hepcidin expression and serum iron to baseline levels. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role for SHP in the transcriptional control of iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Medical Science and Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daegeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E Choy
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Jeon YJ, Park SC, Song WS, Kim OH, Oh BC, Yoon SI. Structural and biochemical characterization of bacterial YpgQ protein reveals a metal-dependent nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:113-22. [PMID: 27062940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The optimal balance of cellular nucleotides and the efficient elimination of non-canonical nucleotides are critical to avoiding erroneous mutation during DNA replication. One such mechanism involves the degradation of excessive or abnormal nucleotides by nucleotide-hydrolyzing enzymes. YpgQ contains the histidine-aspartate (HD) domain that is involved in the hydrolysis of nucleotides or nucleic acids, but the enzymatic activity and substrate specificity of YpgQ have never been characterized. Here, we unravel the catalytic activity and structural features of YpgQ to report the first Mn(2+)-dependent pyrophosphohydrolase that hydrolyzes (deoxy)ribonucleoside triphosphate [(d)NTP] to (deoxy)ribonucleoside monophosphate and pyrophosphate using the HD domain. YpgQ from Bacillus subtilis (bsYpgQ) displays a helical structure and assembles into a unique dimeric architecture that has not been observed in other HD domain-containing proteins. Each bsYpgQ monomer accommodates a metal ion and a nucleotide substrate in a cavity located between the N- and C-terminal lobes. The metal cofactor is coordinated by the canonical residues of the HD domain, namely, two histidine residues and two aspartate residues, and is positioned in close proximity to the β-phosphate group of the nucleotide, allowing us to propose a nucleophilic attack mechanism for the nucleotide hydrolysis reaction. YpgQ enzymes from other bacterial species also catalyze pyrophosphohydrolysis but exhibit different substrate specificity. Comparative structural and mutational studies demonstrated that residues outside the major substrate-binding site of bsYpgQ are responsible for the species-specific substrate preference. Taken together, our structural and biochemical analyses highlight the substrate-recognition mode and catalysis mechanism of YpgQ in pyrophosphohydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Jeon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Cheol Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seok Song
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Cho SW, Kim YA, Sun HJ, Kim YA, Oh BC, Yi KH, Park DJ, Park YJ. CXCL16 signaling mediated macrophage effects on tumor invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:113-24. [PMID: 26559672 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages in tumor microenvironment have pivotal roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. We investigated the interacting mechanism of macrophage actions in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Co-cultures of macrophage/PTC significantly increased the cancer cell migration potentials, compared with the PTC culture alone. Treatment of conditioned medium (CM) of macrophage/PTC co-cultures enhanced cell invasions in 3D invasion assay. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that CM of macrophage/PTC co-cultures contained a high level of CXCL16, while it was not found in CM of PTC culture alone. Treatment with CXCL16 enhanced the cell migration potentials in PTC cells, and blocking CXCL16 signaling using anti-CXCL16 antibody or metalloproteinase inhibitor (TAPI2) attenuated macrophage-mediated enhancement of PTC cell migration potentials. In PTC cells, CXCL16 treatment or co-cultures with macrophages increased Akt phosphorylation, and these macrophage-dependent increases of Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by anti-CXCL16 antibody. Moreover, Akt inhibitor attenuated macrophage-mediated increases of PTC cell migration potential. In macrophages, treatment of macrophage/PTC co-cultured CMs up-regulated CD163, Il10, and CD206, which were attenuated by anti-CXCL16 antibody treatment. Finally, CXCR6 and CXCL16 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with a thyroid tissue microarray including 136 PTC. CXCR6 expressions showed positive correlation with the density of CD163(+) macrophages and associated with lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, CXCL16 signaling partly mediated macrophage actions on PTC tumor cell invasion and also changed the macrophage phenotypes into M2-macrophages in PTC tumor microenvironment. These data suggested that CXCL16 signaling, a bidirectional player in macrophage-associated tumor microenvironment, might be a potential therapeutic target of human PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Sun
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Ye An Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South KoreaDepartment of PathologyBorame Medical Center 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, South KoreaLee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University Graduate School of Medicine, 155 Gatbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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Yang S, K R J, Lim S, Choi TG, Kim JH, Akter S, Jang M, Ahn HJ, Kim HY, Windisch MP, Khadka DB, Zhao C, Jin Y, Kang I, Ha J, Oh BC, Kim M, Kim SS, Cho WJ. Structure-Based Discovery of Novel Cyclophilin A Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infections. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9546-61. [PMID: 26613291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of end-stage liver disease. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), including inhibitors of nonstructural proteins (NS3/4A protease, NS5A, and NS5B polymerase), represent key components of anti-HCV treatment, but these are associated with increased drug resistance and toxicity. Thus, the development of host-targeted antiviral agents, such as cyclophilin A inhibitors, is an alternative approach for more effective, selective, and safer treatment. Starting with the discovery of a bis-amide derivative 5 through virtual screening, the lead compound 25 was developed using molecular modeling-based design and systematic exploration of the structure-activity relationship. The lead 25 lacked cytotoxicity, had potent anti-HCV activity, and showed selective and high binding affinity for CypA. Unlike cyclosporin A, 25 lacked immunosuppressive effects, successfully inhibited the HCV replication, restored host immune responses without acute toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and exhibited a high synergistic effect in combination with other drugs. These findings suggest that the bis-amides have significant potential to extend the arsenal of HCV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhui Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyothi K R
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Jang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Applied Molecular Virology, Institute Pasteur Korea , Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Marc P Windisch
- Applied Molecular Virology, Institute Pasteur Korea , Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Daulat B Khadka
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Yifeng Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science , Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Virus Research and Testing Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Jeon MJ, Lee Y, Ahn S, Lee C, Kim OH, Oh BC, Yu U, Kim H. High resolution in vivo 31P-MRS of the liver: potential advantages in the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Radiol 2015; 56:1051-60. [PMID: 25270373 DOI: 10.1177/0284185114550850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biopsy remains the current gold-standard for assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To develop a non-invasive means of assessing the disease, 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) has been explored, but the severe spectral overlaps and low signal-to-noise-ratio in 31P-MRS spectra at clinical field strength are clearly limiting factors. PURPOSE To investigate potential advantages of high resolution in vivo 31P-MRS in assessing NAFLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted at 9.4T in control and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated rats. Rats were divided according to histopathologic findings into a control group (n = 15), a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis group (n = 17), and a cirrhosis group (n = 12). Data were presented with different reference peaks that are commonly used for peak normalization such as total phosphorous signal, phosphomonoester + phosphodiester (PME + PDE), and nucleotide triphosphate (NTP). Then, multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS In all spectra PME and PDE were well resolved into phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine (PC), and into glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), respectively. Those MRS measures quantifiable only in highly resolved spectra had higher correlations with histology than those conventional MRS measures such as PME, PDE, and NTP. The optimized partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model correctly classified 79% (22/28) of the rats in the training set and correctly predicted 69% (11/16) of the rats in the test set. CONCLUSION PE, PC, GPE, GPC, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) that can be separately quantifiable in highly resolved spectra may further improve the potential efficacy of 31P-MRS in the diagnosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhyun Lee
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Jung KY, Cho SW, Kim YA, Kim D, Oh BC, Park DJ, Park YJ. Cancers with Higher Density of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Were Associated with Poor Survival Rates. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:318-24. [PMID: 26081823 PMCID: PMC4508569 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophages are a component of a tumor’s microenvironment and have various roles in tumor progression and metastasis. This study evaluated the relationships between tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) density and clinical outcomes in 14 different types of human cancers. Methods: We investigated TAM density in human tissue microarray sections from 14 different types of human cancers (n = 266) and normal thyroid, lung, and breast tissues (n = 22). The five-year survival rates of each cancer were obtained from the 2011 Korea Central Cancer Registry. Results: Among 13 human cancers, excluding thyroid cancer, pancreas, lung, and gallbladder cancers had the highest density of CD163-positive macrophages (7.0±3.5%, 6.9±7.4%, and 6.9 ± 5.5%, respectively). The five-year relative survival rates of these cancers (pancreas, 8.7%; lung, 20.7%; gallbladder, 27.5%) were lower than those of other cancers. The histological subtypes in thyroid cancer exhibited significantly different CD163-positive macrophages densities (papillary, 1.8 ± 1.6% vs anaplastic, 22.9 ± 17.1%; p < .001), but no significant difference between histological subtypes was detected in lung and breast cancers. Moreover, there was no significant difference in CD163-positive macrophages densities among the TNM stages in lung, breast, and thyroid cancers. Conclusions: Cancers with higher TAM densities (pancreas, lung, anaplastic thyroid, and gallbladder) were associated with poor survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Yeun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daein Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SJ, Kang HS, Lee JH, Park JH, Jung CH, Bae JH, Oh BC, Song DK, Baek WK, Im SS. Melatonin ameliorates ER stress-mediated hepatic steatosis through miR-23a in the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:462-469. [PMID: 25660457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces hepatic steatosis and inflammation in the liver. Although melatonin ameliorates ER stress-target genes, it remains unknown whether melatonin protects against hepatic steatosis as well as inflammation through regulation of miRNA. MicroRNAs have been identified as pivotal regulators in the field of gene regulation and their dysfunctions are a common feature in a variety of metabolic diseases. Especially, among miRNAs, miR-23a has been shown to regulate ER stress. Herein, we investigated the crucial roles of melatonin in hepatic steatosis and inflammation in vivo. Tunicamycin challenge caused increase of hepatic triglyceride and intracellular calcium levels through activation of ER stress, whereas these phenomena were partially disrupted by melatonin. We also demonstrated that expression of miR-23a stimulated with tunicamycin was rescued by melatonin treatment, resulting in reduced ER stress in primary hepatocytes. Overall, these results suggest a new function of melatonin that is involved in ameliorating ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation by attenuating miR-23a. Melatonin may be useful as a pharmacological agent to protect against hepatic metabolic diseases due to its ability to regulate expression of miR-23a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jae Kim
- Dept of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Hye Suk Kang
- Dept of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Dept of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Dept of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Bae
- Dept of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Dept of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Baek
- Dept of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Dept of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
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Nam SJ, Kim YO, Ko TK, Kang JK, Chun KH, Auh JH, Lee CS, Lee IK, Park S, Oh BC. Molecular and Biochemical Characteristics of ��-Propeller Phytase from Marine Pseudomonas sp. BS10-3 and Its Potential Application for Animal Feed Additives. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 24:1413-20. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1407.07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Cho SW, Kim YA, Sun HJ, Ahn HY, Lee EK, Yi KH, Oh BC, Park DJ, Cho BY, Park YJ. Therapeutic potential of Dickkopf-1 in wild-type BRAF papillary thyroid cancer via regulation of β-catenin/E-cadherin signaling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1641-9. [PMID: 24848709 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a common pathogenesis of various human cancers. We investigated the role of the Wnt inhibitor, Dkk-1, in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS Immunohistochemical β-catenin staining was performed in tissue microarray containing 148 PTCs and five normal thyroid tissues. In vivo effects of Dkk-1 were explored using ectopic tumors with BHP10-3SC cells. RESULTS In 27 PTC patients, 60% of patients showed β-catenin up-regulation and Dkk-1 down-regulation in tumor vs normal tissues. Tissue microarray analysis showed that 14 of 148 PTC samples exhibited cytoplasmic-dominant β-catenin expression compared to membranous-dominant expression in normal tissues. Aberrant β-catenin expression was significantly correlated with higher rates of the loss of membranous E-cadherin expression and poor disease-free survival than that in the normal membranous expression group over a median follow-up period of 14 years. Implantation of Dkk-1-overexpressing BHP10-3SC cells revealed delayed tumor growth, resulting from the rescue of membranous β-catenin and E-cadherin expressions. Furthermore, tissue microarray analysis demonstrated that BRAF(WT) patients had higher rates of aberrant expressions of β-catenin and E-cadherin than BRAF(V600E) patients. Indeed, the inhibitory effects of Dkk-1 on cell survival were more sensitive in BRAF(WT) (BHP10-3SC and TPC-1) than in BRAF(V600E) (SNU-790 and BCPAP) cells. Overexpression of BRAF(V600E) in normal thyroid epithelial (H tori) cells also reduced the effects of Dkk-1 on cell survival. CONCLUSION A subset of PTC patients showed aberrant expression of β-catenin/E-cadherin signaling and poor disease-free survival. Dkk-1 might have a therapeutic role, particularly in BRAF(WT) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine (S.W.C., H.Y.A., D.J.P., B.Y.C., Y.J.P.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (S.W.C., H.J.S.), National Medical Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea; Departments of Pathology (Y.A.K.) and Internal Medicine (K.H.Y.), Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine (H.Y.A., B.Y.C.), Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 156-755, Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute (B-C.O.), Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 405-760, Korea; and Center for Thyroid Cancer (E.K.L.), National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Korea
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Kwon DA, Park S, Kwon D, Kim KH, Oh BC, Auh JH. Improving mineral availability in soymilk by dephosphorylation of phytic acid using an alkaline phytase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DS11. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cho SW, Yi KH, Han SK, Sun HJ, Kim YA, Oh BC, Park YJ, Park DJ. Therapeutic potential of metformin in papillary thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 393:24-9. [PMID: 24905037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug used in type 2 diabetes treatment, is reported to have oncopreventive or therapeutic roles in several human cancers. The present study investigated the therapeutic potential of physiologic dose of metformin in PTC. Metformin inhibited PTC cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in various doses (0.5-20mM) in BCPAP and BHP10-3SC cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio increased with increased metformin treatment. The ectopic tumor experiment was performed using BHP10-3SC cells and athymic nude mice. Oral metformin treatment via drinking water significantly delayed tumor growth in both tumor development model and established tumor models. Necrotic area in tumors significantly increased with metformin treatment. Western blot analysis revealed an increase in p-AMPK/AMPK ratio and suppressions of mTOR and Akt expressions in metformin-treated mice compared to the results in mock-treated control mice. Our results indicate that a physiologic dose of metformin has anti-tumorigenic effects that result from activation of AMPK signaling and inhibition of Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hee Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kyoung Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye An Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DK, Jeong JH, Lee JM, Kim KS, Park SH, Kim YD, Koh M, Shin M, Jung YS, Kim HS, Lee TH, Oh BC, Kim JI, Park HT, Jeong WI, Lee CH, Park SB, Min JJ, Jung SI, Choi SY, Choy HE, Choi HS. Inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ controls Salmonella typhimurium infection by modulating host iron homeostasis. Nat Med 2014; 20:419-24. [PMID: 24658075 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In response to microbial infection, expression of the defensin-like peptide hepcidin (encoded by Hamp) is induced in hepatocytes to decrease iron release from macrophages. To elucidate the mechanism by which Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), an intramacrophage bacterium, alters host iron metabolism for its own survival, we examined the role of nuclear receptor family members belonging to the NR3B subfamily in mouse hepatocytes. Here, we report that estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ, encoded by Esrrg) modulates the intramacrophage proliferation of S. typhimurium by altering host iron homeostasis, and we demonstrate an antimicrobial effect of an ERRγ inverse agonist. Hepatic ERRγ expression was induced by S. typhimurium-stimulated interleukin-6 signaling, resulting in an induction of hepcidin and eventual hypoferremia in mice. Conversely, ablation of ERRγ mRNA expression in liver attenuated the S. typhimurium-mediated induction of hepcidin and normalized the hypoferremia caused by S. typhimurium infection. An inverse agonist of ERRγ ameliorated S. typhimurium-mediated hypoferremia through reduction of ERRγ-mediated hepcidin mRNA expression and exerted a potent antimicrobial effect on the S. typhimurium infection, thereby improving host survival. Taken together, these findings suggest an alternative approach to control multidrug-resistant intracellular bacteria by modulating host iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Kyu Kim
- 1] National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2]
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [3]
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Shin
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Kim
- 1] School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] AnyGen, Jeonnam NanoBioResearch Center, Jangseong-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- 1] Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E Choy
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Kim OH, Kang GH, Noh H, Cha JY, Lee HJ, Yoon JH, Mamura M, Nam JS, Lee DH, Kim YA, Park YJ, Kim H, Oh BC. Erratum to: Proangiogenic TIE2+/CD31+ Macrophages Are the Predominant Population of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Infiltrating Metastatic Lymph Nodes. Mol Cells 2014. [PMCID: PMC3935633 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Tran T, Park JM, Kim OH, Kim B, Choi DY, Lee J, Kim K, Oh BC, Lee H. Combined phospho- and glycoproteome enrichment in nephrocalcinosis tissues of phytate-fed rats. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2013; 27:2767-2776. [PMID: 24214862 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are directly involved in protein function and cellular activities. Among them, glycosylation and phosphorylation are particularly important modifications on proteins located at extracellular and intracellular domains, respectively. However, the combined detection using phospho- and glycoproteomics is limited mainly due to protocol differences. METHODS In this study, we developed a novel method for both phospho- and glycoproteome detection from a single sample batch, in which a titanium dioxide cartridge was used to capture the phosphoproteome, and the flow-through solution was processed for capturing N-linked glycopeptides using hydrazide resin. RESULTS By using 1 mg of protein from kidney tissue lysates from normal and diseased rats, we concurrently identified 437 glycosites/358 phosphosites and 468 glycosites/369 phosphosites in normal and disease kidneys, respectively, by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis. CONCLUSIONS Compared with individual PTM analyses, the combined PTM analysis clearly provides more broad implications for PTMs related to the pathological status and discovery of biomarker candidates. Furthermore, the combined protocol thoroughly showed its advantages in enrichment efficiency and biological interpretation compared with current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- TrangHuyen Tran
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
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Kim OH, Kang GH, Noh H, Cha JY, Lee HJ, Yoon JH, Mamura M, Nam JS, Lee DH, Kim YA, Park YJ, Kim H, Oh BC. Proangiogenic TIE2(+)/CD31 (+) macrophages are the predominant population of tumor-associated macrophages infiltrating metastatic lymph nodes. Mol Cells 2013; 36:432-8. [PMID: 24158612 PMCID: PMC3887941 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in various cancers and promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and thus may be ideal targets for the clinical diagnosis of tumor metastasis with high specificity. However, there are few specific markers to distinguish between TAMs and normal or inflammatory macrophages. Here, we show that TAMs localize in green fluorescent protein-labeled tumors of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) from B16F1 melanoma cells but not in necrotic tumor regions, suggesting that TAMs may promote the growth of tumor cells and the progression of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, we isolated pure populations of TAMs from MLNs and characterized their gene expression signatures compared to peritoneal macrophages (PMs), and found that TAMs significantly overexpress immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β as well as proangiogenic factors such as VEGF, TIE2, and CD31. Notably, immunological analysis revealed that TIE2(+)/CD31(+) macrophages constitute the predominant population of TAMs that infiltrate MLNs, distinct from tissue or inflammatory macrophages. Importantly, these TIE2(+)/CD31(+) macrophages also heavily infiltrated MLNs from human breast cancer biopsies but not reactive hyperplastic LNs. Thus, TIE2(+)/ CD31(+) macrophages may be a unique histopathological biomarker for detecting metastasis in clinical diagnosis, and a novel and promising target for TAM-specific cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Gun-Hyung Kang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Hyungjoon Noh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | | | | | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 406-840, Korea
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Yoon JH, Jung SM, Park SH, Kato M, Yamashita T, Lee IK, Sudo K, Nakae S, Han JS, Kim OH, Oh BC, Sumida T, Kuroda M, Ju JH, Jung KC, Park SH, Kim DK, Mamura M. Activin receptor-like kinase5 inhibition suppresses mouse melanoma by ubiquitin degradation of Smad4, thereby derepressing eomesodermin in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1720-39. [PMID: 24127404 PMCID: PMC3840488 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Varieties of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) antagonists have been developed to intervene with excessive TGF-β signalling activity in cancer. Activin receptor-like kinase5 (ALK5) inhibitors antagonize TGF-β signalling by blocking TGF-β receptor-activated Smad (R-Smad) phosphorylation. Here we report the novel mechanisms how ALK5 inhibitors exert a therapeutic effect on a mouse B16 melanoma model. Oral treatment with a novel ALK5 inhibitor, EW-7197 (2.5 mg/kg daily) or a representative ALK5 inhibitor, LY-2157299 (75 mg/kg bid) suppressed the progression of melanoma with enhanced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Notably, ALK5 inhibitors not only blocked R-Smad phosphorylation, but also induced ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the common Smad, Smad4 mainly in CD8+ T cells in melanoma-bearing mice. Accordingly, T-cell-specific deletion of Smad4 was sufficient to suppress the progression of melanoma. We further identified eomesodermin (Eomes), the T-box transcription factor regulating CTL functions, as a specific target repressed by TGF-β via Smad4 and Smad3 in CD8+ T cells. Thus, ALK5 inhibition enhances anti-melanoma CTL responses through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Smad4 in addition to the direct inhibitory effect on R-Smad phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea; Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Normal leptin signaling is essential for the maintenance of body weight homeostasis. Proopiomelanocortin- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-producing neurons play critical roles in regulating energy metabolism. Our recent work demonstrates that deletion of Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) in the AgRP neurons of mice increased body weight and adiposity. Here, we report that selective loss of ROCK1 in AgRP neurons caused a significant decrease in energy expenditure and locomotor activity of mice. These effects were independent of any change in food intake. Furthermore, AgRP neuron-specific ROCK1-deficient mice displayed central leptin resistance, as evidenced by impaired Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 activation in response to leptin administration. Leptin's ability to hyperpolarize and decrease firing rate of AgRP neurons was also abolished in the absence of ROCK1. Moreover, diet-induced and genetic forms of obesity resulted in reduced ROCK1 activity in murine arcuate nucleus. Of note, high-fat diet also impaired leptin-stimulated ROCK1 activity in arcuate nucleus, suggesting that a defect in hypothalamic ROCK1 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of central leptin resistance in obesity. Together, these data demonstrate that ROCK1 activation in hypothalamic AgRP neurons is required for the homeostatic regulation of energy expenditure and adiposity. These results further support previous work identifying ROCK1 as a key regulator of energy balance and suggest that targeting ROCK1 in the hypothalamus may lead to development of antiobesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Huang
- PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.
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Lee SA, Kim YR, Yang EJ, Kwon EJ, Kim SH, Kang SH, Park DB, Oh BC, Kim J, Heo ST, Koh G, Lee DH. CD26/DPP4 levels in peripheral blood and T cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2553-61. [PMID: 23539735 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) is expressed on blood T cells and also circulates in a soluble form (sCD26/DPP4). OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate blood T cell and circulating CD26/DPP4 and its association with metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGNS We measured CD26/DPP4 expression (percentage of CD26(+) cells using flow cytometry) on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, serum CD26/DPP4 level and activity, and various metabolic parameters in T2DM patients not on DPP4 inhibitor therapy (n = 148). Nondiabetic subjects (n = 50) were included as a control group. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, CD26/DPP4 expression on CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells was higher in T2DM patients. Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients. Various parameters in T2DM patients were related to CD26/DPP4 expression on the T cells (hemoglobin A1c), serum sCD26/DPP4 (hemoglobin A1c and insulin resistance assessed by updated homeostasis model assessment), and serum CD26/DPP4 activity (insulin resistance assessed by updated homeostasis model assessment, γ-glutamyl transferase, and alanine aminotransferase) by multivariate analyses. After active glucose control for 12 weeks in drug-naive T2DM patients (n = 50), CD26/DPP4 expression on blood T cells was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the CD26/DPP4 level on blood T cells was associated with glucose control status in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea 690-756
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Bae KC, Park JH, Na AY, Kim SJ, Ahn S, Kim SP, Oh BC, Cho HC, Kim YW, Song DK. Effect of Green Tea Extract/Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Complex in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2013; 37:196-206. [PMID: 23807923 PMCID: PMC3689017 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2013.37.3.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with the rapid spread of obesity. Obesity induces insulin resistance, resulting in β-cell dysfunction and thus T2DM. Green tea extract (GTE) has been known to prevent obesity and T2DM, but this effect is still being debated. Our previous results suggested that circulating green tea gallated catechins (GCs) hinders postprandial blood glucose lowering, regardless of reducing glucose and cholesterol absorption when GCs are present in the intestinal lumen. This study aimed to compare the effect of GTE with that of GTE coadministered with poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), which is likely to inhibit the intestinal absorption of GCs. METHODS The db/db mice and age-matched nondiabetic mice were provided with normal chow diet containing GTE (1%), γ-PGA (0.1%), or GTE+γ-PGA (1%:0.1%) for 4 weeks. RESULTS In nondiabetic mice, none of the drugs showed any effects after 4 weeks. In db/db mice, however, weight gain and body fat gain were significantly reduced in the GTE+γ-PGA group compared to nondrug-treated db/db control mice without the corresponding changes in food intake and appetite. Glucose intolerance was also ameliorated in the GTE+γ-PGA group. Histopathological analyses showed that GTE+γ-PGA-treated db/db mice had a significantly reduced incidence of fatty liver and decreased pancreatic islet size. Neither GTE nor γ-PGA treatment showed any significant results. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GTE+γ-PGA treatment than GTE or γ-PGA alone may be a useful tool for preventing both obesity and obesity-induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Cheor Bae
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Kim
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Sang-Pyo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Li D, Li X, Dang W, Tran PL, Park SH, Oh BC, Hong WS, Lee JS, Park KH. Characterization and application of an acidophilic and thermostable β-glucosidase from Thermofilum pendens. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:490-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lee Y, Park YJ, Ahn HY, Lim JA, Park KU, Choi SH, Park DJ, Oh BC, Jang HC, Yi KH. Plasma FGF21 levels are increased in patients with hypothyroidism independently of lipid profile. Endocr J 2013; 60:977-83. [PMID: 23759753 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a potent regulator of metabolic and energy homeostasis implicated in various metabolic diseases. Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) is a systemic metabolic regulator known to modulate various biological functions similar to the actions of thyroid hormone. We investigated the differences in plasma FGF21 concentrations in patients with varying thyroid function. Ninety drug-naïve subjects who underwent thyroid evaluation at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were enrolled and classified into euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, and overtly hypothyroid groups. Biochemical markers and plasma FGF21 levels were measured and analyzed. The mean age of the subjects was 42.6 ± 9.1 years. The mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and fasting glucose concentrations were similar between groups. Overtly hypothyroid subjects exhibited significantly higher concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol than the other groups (p<0.01). Mean plasma FGF21 concentrations in euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid and overtly hypothyroid groups were 43.2 ± 39.2 pg/mL, 63.6 ± 73.6 pg/mL, and 101.5 ± 74.9 pg/mL, respectively (p<0.01 between groups). Plasma FGF21 concentrations remained significantly higher in overtly hypothyroid subjects after adjusting for serum triglyceride concentrations (p<0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant positive linear relationship between serum TSH concentrations and plasma FGF21 concentrations (β = 0.192, p = 0.002) and a significant negative linear relationship between free T4 and plasma FGF21 concentrations (β = -0.382, p = 0.037) after adjusting for gender, BMI and serum concentrations of triglycerides and glucose. Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly increased in patients with hypothyroidism independently of BMI, or lipid or glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenna Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee Y, Jee HJ, Noh H, Kang GH, Park J, Cho J, Cho JH, Ahn S, Lee C, Kim OH, Oh BC, Kim H. In vivo (1)H-MRS hepatic lipid profiling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an animal study at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:620-9. [PMID: 23023916 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of the in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy hepatic lipid profiling (MR-HLP) technique in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was investigated. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the relative fractions of diunsaturated (fdi), monounsaturated (fmono), and saturated (fsat) fatty acids as well as total hepatic lipid content were estimated in the livers of 8 control and 23 CCl4-treated rats at 9.4 T. The mean steatosis, necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis scores of the treated group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01). There was a strong correlation between the histopathologic parameters and the MR-HLP parameters (r = 0.775, P < 0.01) where both steatosis and fibrosis are positively correlated with fmono and negatively correlated with fdi. Both necrosis and inflammation, however, were not correlated with any of the MR-HLP parameters. Hepatic lipid composition appears to be changed in association with the severity of steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and these changes can be depicted in vivo by using the MR-HLP method at 9.4 T. Thus, while it may not likely be that MR-HLP helps differentiate between steatohepatitis in its early stages and simple steatosis, these findings altogether are in support of potential applicability of in vivo MR-HLP at high field in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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