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Pasmans K, Goossens GH, Groenhuijzen E, Kemper EJ, Reijnders D, Most J, Blaak EE, Watt MJ, Meex RCR. Fetuin B in white adipose tissue induces inflammation and is associated with peripheral insulin resistance in mice and humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:517-527. [PMID: 38112242 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetuin B is a steatosis-responsive hepatokine that causes glucose intolerance in mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely described. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of fetuin B by investigating its putative effects on white adipose tissue metabolism. METHODS First, fetuin B gene and protein expression was measured in multiple organs in mice and in cultured adipocytes. Next, the authors performed a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in mice and in humans to examine the link between white adipose tissue fetuin B content and indices of insulin sensitivity. Finally, the effect of fetuin B on inflammation was investigated in cultured adipocytes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and full RNA sequencing. RESULTS This study demonstrated in adipocytes and mice that fetuin B was produced and secreted by the liver and taken up by adipocytes and adipose tissue. There was a strong negative correlation between white adipose tissue fetuin B content and peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice and in humans. RNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that fetuin B induced an inflammatory response in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Fetuin B content in white adipose tissue strongly associated with peripheral insulin resistance in mice and humans. Furthermore, fetuin B induced a proinflammatory response in adipocytes, which might drive peripheral insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Pasmans
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Evi Groenhuijzen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J Kemper
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Reijnders
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Most
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ruth C R Meex
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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2
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Wang Q, Sun N, Kunzke T, Buck A, Shen J, Prade VM, Stöckl B, Wang J, Feuchtinger A, Walch A. A simple preparation step to remove excess liquid lipids in white adipose tissue enabling improved detection of metabolites via MALDI-FTICR imaging MS. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:595-605. [PMID: 35391562 PMCID: PMC9114030 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) imaging mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technology used to analyze metabolites in various tissues. However, it faces significant challenges in studying adipose tissues. Poor matrix distribution and crystallization caused by excess liquid lipids on the surface of tissue sections hamper m/z species detection, an adverse effect that particularly presents in lipid-rich white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we integrated a simple and low-cost preparation step into the existing MALDI-FTICR imaging MS pipeline. The new method—referred to as filter paper application—is characterized by an easy sample handling and high reproducibility. The aforementioned filter paper is placed onto the tissue prior to matrix application in order to remove the layer of excess liquid lipids. Consequently, MALDI-FTICR imaging MS detection was significantly improved, resulting in a higher number of detected m/z species and higher ion intensities. After analyzing various durations of filter paper application, 30 s was found to be optimal, resulting in the detection of more than 3700 m/z species. Apart from the most common lipids found in WAT, other molecules involved in various metabolic pathways were detected, including nucleotides, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Our study is the first to propose a solution to a specific limitation of MALDI-FTICR imaging MS in investigating lipid-rich WAT. The filter paper approach can be performed quickly and is particularly effective for achieving uniform matrix distribution on fresh frozen WAT while maintaining tissue integrity. It thus helps to gain insight into the metabolism in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Na Sun
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jian Shen
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Verena M Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Stöckl
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jun Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Colldén H, Nilsson ME, Norlén AK, Landin A, Windahl SH, Wu J, Gustafsson KL, Poutanen M, Ryberg H, Vandenput L, Ohlsson C. Comprehensive Sex Steroid Profiling in Multiple Tissues Reveals Novel Insights in Sex Steroid Distribution in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6498862. [PMID: 34999782 PMCID: PMC8807178 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive atlas of sex steroid distribution in multiple tissues is currently lacking, and how circulating and tissue sex steroid levels correlate remains unknown. Here, we adapted and validated a gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous measurement of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione, progesterone (Prog), estradiol, and estrone in mouse tissues. We then mapped the sex steroid pattern in 10 different endocrine, reproductive, and major body compartment tissues and serum of gonadal intact and orchiectomized (ORX) male mice. In gonadal intact males, high levels of DHT were observed in reproductive tissues, but also in white adipose tissue (WAT). A major part of the total body reservoir of androgens (T and DHT) and Prog was found in WAT. Serum levels of androgens and Prog were strongly correlated with corresponding levels in the brain while only modestly correlated with corresponding levels in WAT. After orchiectomy, the levels of the active androgens T and DHT decreased markedly while Prog levels in male reproductive tissues increased slightly. In ORX mice, Prog was by far the most abundant sex steroid, and, again, WAT constituted the major reservoir of Prog in the body. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive atlas of tissue and serum concentrations of sex hormones in male mice, revealing novel insights in sex steroid distribution. Brain sex steroid levels are well reflected by serum levels and WAT constitutes a large reservoir of sex steroids in male mice. In addition, Prog is the most abundant sex hormone in ORX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Colldén
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Norlén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
| | - Andreas Landin
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara H Windahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge,Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin L Gustafsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014,Finland
| | - Henrik Ryberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg SE-413 45, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: Claes Ohlsson, MD, PhD, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket 11, SE-41345 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Björk C, Subramanian N, Liu J, Acosta JR, Tavira B, Eriksson AB, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. An RNAi Screening of Clinically Relevant Transcription Factors Regulating Human Adipogenesis and Adipocyte Metabolism. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6272286. [PMID: 33963396 PMCID: PMC8197287 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Healthy hyperplasic (many but smaller fat cells) white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion is mediated by recruitment, proliferation and/or differentiation of new fat cells. This process (adipogenesis) is controlled by transcriptional programs that have been mostly identified in rodents. OBJECTIVE A systemic investigation of adipogenic human transcription factors (TFs) that are relevant for metabolic conditions has not been revealed previously. METHODS TFs regulated in WAT by obesity, adipose morphology, cancer cachexia, and insulin resistance were selected from microarrays. Their role in differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) was investigated by RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Lipid accumulation, cell number, and lipolysis were measured for all screened factors (148 TFs). RNA (RNAseq), protein (Western blot) expression, insulin, and catecholamine responsiveness were examined in hASC following siRNA treatment of selected target TFs. RESULTS Analysis of TFs regulated by metabolic conditions in human WAT revealed that many of them belong to adipogenesis-regulating pathways. The RNAi screen identified 39 genes that affected fat cell differentiation in vitro, where 11 genes were novel. Of the latter JARID2 stood out as being necessary for formation of healthy fat cell metabolic phenotype by regulating expression of multiple fat cell phenotype-specific genes. CONCLUSION This comprehensive RNAi screening in hASC suggests that a large proportion of WAT TFs that are impacted by metabolic conditions might be important for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion. The screen also identified JARID2 as a novel TF essential for the development of functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Björk
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Narmadha Subramanian
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Juan Ramon Acosta
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Anders B Eriksson
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jurga Laurencikiene, PhD, Karolinska Institutet, Lipid laboratory, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), NEO, Hälsovägen 9/Blickagången 16, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Reyes M, González L, Ibeas K, Cereijo R, Taxerås SD, Pellitero S, Martínez E, Tarascó J, Moreno P, Malagón P, Higueras C, Soria A, Puig-Domingo M, Villarroya F, Serra D, Herrero L, Sánchez-Infantes D. White adipose tissue-infiltrated CD11b+ myeloid cells are a source of S100A4, a new potential marker of hepatic damage. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 184:533-541. [PMID: 33524007 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The endocrine and immunological properties of subcutaneous vs visceral adipose tissue (sWAT and vWAT, respectively) have turned a milestone in the study of metabolic diseases. The cytokine S100A4 is increased in obesity and has a role in adipose tissue dysfunction. However, the cellular source and its potential role in hepatic damage in obesity has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE We aim to study the regulation of S100A4 in immune cells present in sWAT and vWAT, as well as its potential role as a circulating marker of hepatic inflammation and steatosis. DESIGN A cohort of 60 patients with obesity and distinct metabolic status was analyzed. CD11b+ myeloid cells and T cells were isolated from sWAT and vWAT by magnetic-activating cell sorting, and RNA was obtained. S100A4 gene expression was measured, and correlation analysis with clinical data was performed. Liver biopsies were obtained from 20 patients, and S100A4 circulating levels were measured to check the link with hepatic inflammation and steatosis. RESULTS S100A4 gene expression was strongly upregulated in sWAT- vs vWAT-infiltrated CD11b+ cells, but this modulation was not observed in T cells. S100A4 mRNA levels from sWAT (and not from vWAT) CD11b+ cells positively correlated with glycemia, triglycerides, TNF-α gene expression and proliferation markers. Finally, circulating S100A4 directly correlated with liver steatosis and hepatic inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that sWAT-infiltrated CD11b+ cells could be a major source of S100A4 in obesity. Moreover, our correlations identify circulating S100A4 as a potential novel biomarker of hepatic damage and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Reyes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
| | - Lorena González
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
| | - Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute and Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Siri D Taxerås
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
| | - Jordi Tarascó
- Department of Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Malagón
- Department of plastic Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Higueras
- Department of plastic Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Soria
- Department of Surgery, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Diabetes y enfermedades metabólicas) (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute
- Biomedical Research Center (Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición) (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is classified based on its location, physiological and functional characteristics. Although there is a clear demarcation of anatomical and molecular features specific to white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), the factors that uniquely differentiate beige AT (BeAT) remain to be fully elaborated. The ubiquitous presence of different types of AT and the inability to differentiate brown and beige adipocytes because of similar appearance present a challenge when classifying them one way or another. Here we will provide an overview of the latest advances in BeAT, BAT, and WAT identification based on transcript markers described in the literature. The review paper will highlight some of the difficulties these markers pose and will offer new perspectives on possible transcript-specific identification of BeAT. We hope that this will advance the understanding of the biology of different ATs. In addition, concrete strategies to distinguish different types of AT may be relevant to track the efficacy and mechanisms around interventions aimed to improve metabolic health and thwart excessive weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Claire Pilkington
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Henry A. Paz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Umesh D. Wankhade
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Umesh D. Wankhade,
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7
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Romeiro NC, Ferreira CM, Oliveira MF. Assessment of mitochondrial physiology of murine white adipose tissue by mechanical permeabilization and lipid depletion. Anal Biochem 2020; 611:113935. [PMID: 32898480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) represents a major site of triacylglycerol energy storage and is directly associated with metabolic disorders. Mitochondria regulate cellular energy expenditure and are active in WAT. Although isolated mitochondria have been classically used to assess their functions, several artifacts can be introduced by this approach. Furthermore, important limitations exist in the available methods to determine mitochondrial physiology in permeabilized WAT. Here, we established and validated a method for functional evaluation of mice mesenteric WAT (mWAT) mitochondria by using MEchanical Permeabilization and LIpid DEpletion (MEPLIDE) coupled to high-resolution respirometry. We observed that mild stirring of mWAT for 20 min at room temperature with 4% fatty acid-free albumin (FAF-BSA) followed by 50 min without FAF-BSA selectively permeabilized white adipocytes plasma membrane. In these conditions, mWAT mitochondria were intact, exhibiting succinate-induced respiratory rates that were sensitive to classical oxidative phosphorylation modulators. Finally, the respiratory capacity of mWAT in female mice was significantly higher than in males, an observation that agrees with reported data. Therefore, the functional assessment of mWAT mitochondria through MEPLIDE coupled to high resolution respirometry proposed here will contribute to a better understanding of WAT biology in several pathophysiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália C Romeiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta Ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta Ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus F Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Resposta Ao Estresse, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Lee J, Tsang YF, Oh JI, Hong S, Kim C, Kwon EE. Analysis of fatty acids in mouse tissue via in situ transmethylation with biochar. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1723-1728. [PMID: 28455818 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid derivatization technology-mediated fatty acid profiling studies have been suggested to dissect the contents of lipids in white fat and brown fat tissue. The focus of this study is to profile fatty acid lipidomics in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue of mice by derivatizing their lipids into fatty acid methyl esters via in situ transmethylation using a rice husk-derived biochar as porous media. The in situ transmethylation using biochar is advantageous in biological analysis because there was no loss of samples inevitably occurring in the loss of lipid in solvent extraction and purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Educational University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Advanced Technology Department, Land and Housing Institute, Daejeon, 34047, Korea
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Changsung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
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9
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Feist PE, Loughran EA, Stack MS, Hummon AB. Quantitative proteomic analysis of murine white adipose tissue for peritoneal cancer metastasis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1583-1594. [PMID: 29282499 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis risk increases in older individuals, but the mechanisms for this risk increase are unclear. Many peritoneal cancers, including ovarian cancer, preferentially metastasize to peritoneal fat depots. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring aged peritoneal adipose tissue in the context of cancer. Because adipose tissue produces signals which influence several diseases including cancer, proteomics of adipose tissue in aged and young mice may provide insight into metastatic mechanisms. We analyzed mesenteric, omental, and uterine adipose tissue groups from the peritoneal cavities of young and aged C57BL/6J mouse cohorts with a low-fraction SDS-PAGE gelLC-MS/MS method. We identified 2308 protein groups and quantified 2167 groups, among which several protein groups showed twofold or greater abundance differences between the aged and young cohorts. Cancer-related gene products previously identified as significant in another age-related study were found altered in this study. Several gene products known to suppress proliferation and cellular invasion were found downregulated in the aged cohort, including R-Ras, Arid1a, and heat shock protein β1. In addition, multiple protein groups were identified within single cohorts, including the proteins Cd11a, Stat3, and Ptk2b. These data suggest that adipose tissue is a strong candidate for analysis to identify possible contributors to cancer metastasis in older subjects. The results of this study, the first of its kind using uterine adipose tissue, contribute to the understanding of the role of adipose tissue in age-related alteration of oncogenic pathways, which may help elucidate the mechanisms of increased metastatic tumor burden in the aged. Graphical abstract We analyzed mesenteric, omental, and uterine adipose tissue groups from the peritoneal cavities of young and aged C57BL/6J mouse cohorts with a low-fraction SDS-PAGE gelLC-MS/MS method. These fat depots are preferential sites for many peritoneal cancers. The results of this study, the first of its kind using uterine adipose tissue, contribute to the understanding of the role of adipose tissue in age-related alteration of oncogenic pathways, which may help elucidate the mechanisms of increased metastatic tumor burden in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Feist
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Loughran
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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10
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Hoffman LC, Geldenhuys G, Cawthorn DM. Proximate and fatty acid composition of zebra (Equus quagga burchellii) muscle and subcutaneous fat. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:3922-3927. [PMID: 26777284 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The meat from African game species is healthy, naturally produced and increasingly popular with consumers. Among these species, zebra (Equus quagga burchellii) are growing in number in South Africa, with the meat from surplus animals holding potential to contribute to food security and economic stability. Despite being consumed locally and globally, little information exists on the composition of zebra meat. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition of zebra meat as well as the fatty acid composition of the intramuscular (IMF) and subcutaneous (SCF) fat. RESULTS Zebra longissimus lumborum muscle was shown to have a high mean protein content (22.29 g per 100 g) and low mean fat content (1.47 g per 100 g). High proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found in the IMF (41.15%) and SCF (37.71%), mainly comprising α-linolenic (C18:3n-3) and linoleic (C18:2n-6) acids. Furthermore, the IMF and SCF had favourable PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratios (>0.4) and omega-6/omega-3 ratios (<4), indicating that both components are healthy lipid food sources. CONCLUSION This study has shed new light on the nutritional value of zebra meat, which will not only be important for food product labelling, nutritional education and incorporation into food composition databases, but will also be indispensable for marketing and export purposes. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Greta Geldenhuys
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Donna-Mareè Cawthorn
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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11
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Raiko J, Holstila M, Virtanen KA, Orava J, Saunavaara V, Niemi T, Laine J, Taittonen M, Borra RJH, Nuutila P, Parkkola R. Brown adipose tissue triglyceride content is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity, independently of age and obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17:516-9. [PMID: 25586670 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) can non-invasively assess triglyceride content in both supraclavicular fat depots and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) to determine whether these measurements correlate to metabolic variables. A total of 25 healthy volunteers were studied using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) and (15)O-H2O PET perfusion during cold exposure, and (1)H-MRS at ambient temperature. Image-guided biopsies were collected from nine volunteers. The supraclavicular triglyceride content determined by (1)H-MRS varied between 60 and 91% [mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) 77 ± 10%]. It correlated positively with body mass index, waist circumference, subcutaneous and visceral fat masses and 8-year diabetes risk based on the Framingham risk score and inversely with HDL cholesterol and insulin sensitivity (M-value; euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp). Subcutaneous WAT had a significantly higher triglyceride content, 76-95% (mean ± s.d. 87 ± 5%; p = 0.0002). In conclusion, the triglyceride content in supraclavicular fat deposits measured by (1)H-MRS may be an independent marker of whole-body insulin sensitivity, independent of brown adipose tissue metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Lee J, Ellis JM, Wolfgang MJ. Adipose fatty acid oxidation is required for thermogenesis and potentiates oxidative stress-induced inflammation. Cell Rep 2015; 10:266-79. [PMID: 25578732 PMCID: PMC4359063 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the contribution of adipose tissue fatty acid oxidation to whole-body metabolism, we generated mice with an adipose-specific knockout of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2(A-/-)), an obligate step in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. CPT2(A-/-) mice became hypothermic after an acute cold challenge, and CPT2(A-/-) brown adipose tissue (BAT) failed to upregulate thermogenic genes in response to agonist-induced stimulation. The adipose-specific loss of CPT2 resulted in diet-dependent changes in adiposity but did not result in changes in body weight on low- or high-fat diets. Additionally, CPT2(A-/-) mice had suppressed high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT); however, high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance was not improved. These data show that fatty acid oxidation is required for cold-induced thermogenesis in BAT and high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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13
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Romero MDM, Roy S, Pouillot K, Feito M, Esteve M, Grasa MDM, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M, Remesar X. Treatment of rats with a self-selected hyperlipidic diet, increases the lipid content of the main adipose tissue sites in a proportion similar to that of the lipids in the rest of organs and tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90995. [PMID: 24603584 PMCID: PMC3946303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is distributed as large differentiated masses, and smaller depots covering vessels, and organs, as well as interspersed within them. The differences between types and size of cells makes AT one of the most disperse and complex organs. Lipid storage is partly shared by other tissues such as muscle and liver. We intended to obtain an approximate estimation of the size of lipid reserves stored outside the main fat depots. Both male and female rats were made overweight by 4-weeks feeding of a cafeteria diet. Total lipid content was analyzed in brain, liver, gastrocnemius muscle, four white AT sites: subcutaneous, perigonadal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric, two brown AT sites (interscapular and perirenal) and in a pool of the rest of organs and tissues (after discarding gut contents). Organ lipid content was estimated and tabulated for each individual rat. Food intake was measured daily. There was a surprisingly high proportion of lipid not accounted for by the main macroscopic AT sites, even when brain, liver and BAT main sites were discounted. Muscle contained about 8% of body lipids, liver 1–1.4%, four white AT sites lipid 28–63% of body lipid, and the rest of the body (including muscle) 38–44%. There was a good correlation between AT lipid and body lipid, but lipid in “other organs” was highly correlated too with body lipid. Brain lipid was not. Irrespective of dietary intake, accumulation of body fat was uniform both for the main lipid storage and handling organs: large masses of AT (but also liver, muscle), as well as in the ”rest” of tissues. These storage sites, in specialized (adipose) or not-specialized (liver, muscle) tissues reacted in parallel against a hyperlipidic diet challenge. We postulate that body lipid stores are handled and regulated coordinately, with a more centralized and overall mechanisms than usually assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Romero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Roy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Pouillot
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Feito
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Mar Grasa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Fernández-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) OBN (Obesidad y Nutrición), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Pinto H, Ricart-Jané D, Pardina E. Pre and post lipocryolysis thermic conditioning enhances rat adipocyte destruction. Cryo Letters 2014; 35:154-160. [PMID: 24869648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New knowledge about crystallization vs. lipid-to-gel transition has surfaced recently, since some of the latest publications on lipocryolysis have focused on its action mechanism. As a result, new opportunities for technical improvements and clinical outcome optimization have opened up. The food industry has been working with lipid crystal polymorphisms for decades, and tempering seems to be the easiest method of external conditioning, in addition to being harmless. OBJECTIVE Evaluate if pre and post lipocryolyisis thermic conditioning enhances rat adipocyte destruction. METHODS Several temperature treatment patterns (TTP) were applied to isolated rat adipocytes. The survival of the adipocytes exposed to the different TTPs and the formation of crystals in the surviving adipocytes were assessed and analyzed. RESULT Pre and post lipocryolysis thermic conditioning changed lipocryolyisis crystallization process and showed an enhancement in adipocyte destruction that could represent an important step in improving clinical results. CONCLUSIONS pre and post lipocryolyisis thermic conditioning enhances rat adipocyte destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermán Pinto
- Instituto de Investigaciones para las Especialidades Esteticas y del Envejecimiento, Barcelona. )
| | | | - Eva Pardina
- Centre de Recerca en Metabolisme, Barcelona (CEREMET)
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15
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Piccolo BD, Dolnikowski G, Seyoum E, Thomas AP, Gertz ER, Souza EC, Woodhouse LR, Newman JW, Keim NL, Adams SH, Van Loan MD. Association between subcutaneous white adipose tissue and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in overweight and obese adults. Nutrients 2013; 5:3352-66. [PMID: 24067385 PMCID: PMC3798908 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecalciferol is known to be deposited in human adipose tissue, but it is not known whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is found in detectable concentrations. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether 25(OH)D is detectable in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) in overweight and obese persons enrolled in a twelve week energy restricted diet. Baseline and post-intervention gluteal SWAT biopsies were collected from 20 subjects participating in a larger clinical weight loss intervention. LC-MS/MS was utilized to determine SWAT 25(OH)D concentrations. Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were measured by RIA. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. SWAT 25(OH)D concentrations were 5.8 ± 2.6 nmol/kg tissue and 6.2 ± 2.7 nmol/kg tissue pre- and post-intervention SWAT, respectively. There was a significant positive association between SWAT 25(OH)D concentration and serum 25(OH)D concentration (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). Both SWAT and serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly change after a twelve-week period of energy restriction with approximately 5 kg of fat loss. In conclusion, we have demonstrated our LC-MS/MS method can detect 25(OH)D3 in human subcutaneous fat tissue from overweight and obese individuals and is consistent with previously reported concentrations in swine. Additionally, our findings of no significant changes in SWAT 25(OH)D3 or serum 25(OH)D after a 6% loss of total body weight and 13% reduction in total fat provides the first human evidence that adipose 25(OH)D does not likely contribute to serum 25(OH)D with moderate weight loss; whether this is also the case with larger amounts of weight loss is unknown. Weight loss alone is not sufficient to increase serum 25(OH)D and increases in dietary or dermal biosynthesis of vitamin D appear to be the most critical contributors to in vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Piccolo
- Department of Nutrition & Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (A.P.T.); (E.C.S.); (J.W.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.H.A.); (M.D.V.L.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-425-205-9433
| | - Gregory Dolnikowski
- Jean Mayer USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA; E-Mails: (G.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Elias Seyoum
- Jean Mayer USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA; E-Mails: (G.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Anthony P. Thomas
- Department of Nutrition & Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (A.P.T.); (E.C.S.); (J.W.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.H.A.); (M.D.V.L.)
| | - Erik R. Gertz
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (E.R.G.); (L.R.W.)
| | - Elaine C. Souza
- Department of Nutrition & Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (A.P.T.); (E.C.S.); (J.W.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.H.A.); (M.D.V.L.)
| | - Leslie R. Woodhouse
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (E.R.G.); (L.R.W.)
| | - John W. Newman
- Department of Nutrition & Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (A.P.T.); (E.C.S.); (J.W.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.H.A.); (M.D.V.L.)
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (E.R.G.); (L.R.W.)
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Department of Nutrition & Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (A.P.T.); (E.C.S.); (J.W.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.H.A.); (M.D.V.L.)
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (E.R.G.); (L.R.W.)
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Nutrition & Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (A.P.T.); (E.C.S.); (J.W.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.H.A.); (M.D.V.L.)
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (E.R.G.); (L.R.W.)
| | - Marta D. Van Loan
- Department of Nutrition & Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (A.P.T.); (E.C.S.); (J.W.N.); (N.L.K.); (S.H.A.); (M.D.V.L.)
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; E-Mails: (E.R.G.); (L.R.W.)
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16
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Tajima S, Ikeda Y, Sawada K, Yamano N, Horinouchi Y, Kihira Y, Ishizawa K, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Kawazoe K, Tomita S, Minakuchi K, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Iron reduction by deferoxamine leads to amelioration of adiposity via the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in obese and type 2 diabetes KKAy mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E77-86. [PMID: 21917632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00033.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace metal for most organisms. However, excess iron causes oxidative stress through production of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction. Iron storage in the body is reported to be associated with fat accumulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated the role of iron in adiposity by using KKAy mice and obese and diabetic model mice. Eight-week-old KKAy mice were divided into two groups and treated with deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator agent, or a vehicle for 2 wk. DFO treatment diminished fat iron concentration and serum ferritin levels in KKAy mice. Fat weight and adipocyte size were reduced significantly in DFO-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. Macrophage infiltration into fat was also decreased in DFO-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. Superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity in fat, as well as urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion, were decreased in KKAy mice after DFO treatment while p22(phox) expression in adipose tissue was diminished in such mice. Ferritin expression in the fat of DFO-treated KKAy mice was decreased. In addition, F4/80-positive cells also presented through both p22(phox) and ferritin expression. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were also reduced in fat tissue of DFO-treated mice. These findings suggest that reduction of iron levels ameliorates adipocyte hypertrophy via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration, thereby breaking a vicious cycle in obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Animals
- Cell Size/drug effects
- Chelation Therapy
- Cytochrome b Group/genetics
- Cytochrome b Group/metabolism
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Deferoxamine/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Ferritins/blood
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Iron/analysis
- Iron Chelating Agents/therapeutic use
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Obese
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Tajima
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
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17
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Kanamoto Y, Yamashita Y, Nanba F, Yoshida T, Tsuda T, Fukuda I, Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Ashida H. A black soybean seed coat extract prevents obesity and glucose intolerance by up-regulating uncoupling proteins and down-regulating inflammatory cytokines in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:8985-93. [PMID: 21751816 DOI: 10.1021/jf201471p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Black soybean seed coat extract (BE) is a polyphenol-rich food material consisting of 9.2% cyanidin 3-glucoside, 6.2% catechins, 39.8% procyanidins, and others. This study demonstrated that BE ameliorated obesity and glucose intolerance by up-regulating uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and down-regulating inflammatory cytokines in C57BL/6 mice fed a control or high-fat diet containing BE for 14 weeks. BE suppressed fat accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue, reduced the plasma glucose level, and enhanced insulin sensitivity in the high-fat diet-fed mice. The gene and protein expression levels of UCP-1 in brown adipose tissue and UCP-2 in white adipose tissue were up-regulated by BE. Moreover, the gene expression levels of major inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were remarkably decreased by BE in white adipose tissue. BE is a beneficial food material for the prevention of obesity and diabetes by enhancing energy expenditure and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kanamoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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18
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Giarola M, Rossi B, Mosconi E, Fontanella M, Marzola P, Scambi I, Sbarbati A, Mariotto G. Fast and minimally invasive determination of the unsaturation index of white fat depots by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Lipids 2011; 46:659-67. [PMID: 21574019 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years increasing interest has been devoted to the investigation of white adipose tissue (WAT) because hypo- or hyperfunction of WAT is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and other pathologies. The investigation and discrimination of different characteristics in adipose tissues by means of spectroscopic techniques appears as a topic of current interest, also in view of possible medical-technological applications. The aim of this work was to establish micro-Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of mammals fat tissue. After preliminary tests aimed at defining a suitable sample preparation protocol, Raman spectra of WAT specimens excised from mice of different ages were recorded in the energy range 750-3,350 cm⁻¹. Quantitative values of the unsaturation index were obtained through the calibration with HR-NMR spectra of lipid extracts. Raman spectroscopy detected a sharp increase in the unsaturation index between 22 and 30 days of age in close correspondence with the weaning of mice (21 days). The present results show that Raman spectroscopy is an inexpensive, fast and robust technique to analyze the unsaturation index of mammals fat tissues that could be routinely used in bioptic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Giarola
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
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19
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Kuda O, Stankova B, Tvrzicka E, Hensler M, Jelenik T, Rossmeisl M, Flachs P, Kopecky J. Prominent role of liver in elevated plasma palmitoleate levels in response to rosiglitazone in mice fed high-fat diet. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60:135-140. [PMID: 20065507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In humans, antidiabetics thiazolidinediones (TZDs) upregulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene in adipose tissue and increase plasma levels of SCD1 product palmitoleate, known to enhance muscle insulin sensitivity. Involvement of other tissues in the beneficial effects of TZDs on plasma lipid profile is unclear. In our previous study in mice, in which lipogenesis was suppressed by corn oil-based high-fat (cHF) diet, TZD rosiglitazone induced hepatic Scd1 expression, while liver triacylglycerol content increased, VLDL-triacylglycerol production decreased and plasma lipid profile and whole-body glycemic control improved. Aim of this study was to characterise contribution of liver to changes of plasma lipid profile in response to a 8-week-treatment by rosiglitazone in the cHF diet-fed mice. Rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg diet) upregulated expression of Scd1 in various tissues, with a stronger effect in liver as compared with adipose tissue or skeletal muscle. Rosiglitazone increased content of monounsaturated fatty acids in liver, adipose tissue and plasma, with palmitoleate being the most up-regulated fatty acid. In the liver, enhancement of SCD1 activity and specific enrichment of cholesteryl esters and phosphatidyl cholines with palmitoleate and vaccenate was found, while strong correlations between changes of various liver lipid fractions and total plasma lipids were observed (r=0.74-0.88). Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis was increased by rosiglitazone, with a stronger effect in muscle than in liver. CONCLUSIONS changes in plasma lipid profile favouring monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly palmitoleate, due to the upregulation of Scd1 and enhancement of SCD1 activity in the liver, could be involved in the insulin-sensitizing effects of TZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Tallman DL, Noto AD, Taylor CG. Low and high fat diets inconsistently induce obesity in C57BL/6J mice and obesity compromises n-3 fatty acid status. Lipids 2009; 44:577-80. [PMID: 19495822 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Race B, Meade-White K, Oldstone MBA, Race R, Chesebro B. Detection of prion infectivity in fat tissues of scrapie-infected mice. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000232. [PMID: 19057664 PMCID: PMC2585054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Distribution of prion infectivity in organs and tissues is important in understanding prion disease pathogenesis and designing strategies to prevent prion infection in animals and humans. Transmission of prion disease from cattle to humans resulted in banning human consumption of ruminant nervous system and certain other tissues. In the present study, we surveyed tissue distribution of prion infectivity in mice with prion disease. We show for the first time detection of infectivity in white and brown fat. Since high amounts of ruminant fat are consumed by humans and also incorporated into animal feed, fat-containing tissues may pose a previously unappreciated hazard for spread of prion infection. Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are infectious progressive fatal neurodegenerative diseases which affect humans as well as wild and domestic animals. Distribution of prion infectivity in organs and tissues is important in understanding prion disease pathogenesis and designing strategies to prevent prion infection in animals and humans. We show for the first time the presence of prion infectivity in white fat and brown fat tissues of mice with prion disease. Our results suggest that fat tissues of domestic or wild animals infected with prions may pose an unappreciated hazard for spread of infection to humans or domestic animals. The presence of prion infectivity in fat suggests that additional consideration may be required to eliminate from the food chain any fat from ruminants suspected of exposure to or infection with prions. Thus, this finding has implications for public health, food safety, and prion disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Virus Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Persistent Virus Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, LaJolla, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Virus Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Bruce Chesebro
- Laboratory of Persistent Virus Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Miyazaki T, Bub JD, Iwamoto Y. c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase mediates leptin-stimulated androgen-independent prostate cancer cell proliferation via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Akt. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1782:593-604. [PMID: 18718531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with advanced prostate cancer. Here we demonstrate that in mouse prostate cancer TRAMP-C1 cells epididymal fat extracts from high-fat diet-fed obese mice stimulate androgen-independent cell growth more significantly than those from low-fat diet-fed lean mice or genetically obese leptin-deficient ob/ob mice in correlation with leptin concentrations. This result suggests that obesity promotes androgen-independent prostate cancer cell growth via adipose leptin. We have reported that added leptin stimulates androgen-independent prostate cancer cell proliferation through c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). As with JNK, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Akt are implicated in androgen-independent prostate cancer. In this study, we identify novel interaction of these three molecules in leptin-stimulated androgen-independent cell proliferation. Leptin activates JNK, STAT3 and Akt in a biphasic manner with a similar time-course. Pharmacological JNK inhibition suppresses leptin-stimulated DNA binding activity, as well as Ser-727 phosphorylation, of STAT3. Since JNK upregulates STAT3 activity via Ser-727 phosphorylation, JNK mediates leptin-stimulated STAT3 activation through Ser-727 phosphorylation. Moreover, JNK inhibition impairs leptin-stimulated Ser-473 phosphorylation of Akt that is required for its activation. Thus, JNK is involved in leptin-stimulated Akt activation. These findings together indicate that JNK mediates leptin-stimulated androgen-independent prostate cancer cell proliferation via STAT3 and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyazaki
- Department of Surgical Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
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23
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Gálvez-Prieto B, Bolbrinker J, Stucchi P, de Las Heras AI, Merino B, Arribas S, Ruiz-Gayo M, Huber M, Wehland M, Kreutz R, Fernandez-Alfonso MS. Comparative expression analysis of the renin-angiotensin system components between white and brown perivascular adipose tissue. J Endocrinol 2008; 197:55-64. [PMID: 18372232 DOI: 10.1677/joe-07-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the rat adipose tissue expresses some of the components necessary for the production of angiotensin II (Ang II) and the receptors mediating its actions. The aim of this work is to characterize the expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in perivascular adipose tissue and to assess differences in the expression pattern depending on the vascular bed and type of adipose tissue. We analyzed Ang I and Ang II levels as well as mRNA levels of RAS components by a quantitative RT-PCR method in periaortic (PAT) and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) of 3-month-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats. PAT was identified as brown adipose tissue expressing uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1). It had smaller adipocytes than those from MAT, which was identified as white adipose tissue. All RAS components, except renin, were detected in both PAT and MAT. Levels of expression of angiotensinogen, Ang-converting enzyme (ACE), and ACE2 were similar between PAT and MAT. Renin receptor expression was five times higher, whereas expression of chymase, AT(1a), and AT(2) receptors were significantly lower in PAT compared with MAT respectively. In addition, three isoforms of the AT(1a) receptor were found in perivascular adipose tissue. The AT(1b) receptor was found at very a low expression level. Ang II levels were higher in MAT with no differences between tissues in Ang I. The results show that the RAS is differentially expressed in white and brown perivascular adipose tissues implicating a different role for the system depending on the vascular bed and the type of adipose tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue, White/chemistry
- Angiotensin I/analysis
- Angiotensin II/analysis
- Animals
- Ion Channels/analysis
- Male
- Mitochondrial Proteins/analysis
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/analysis
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/analysis
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Renin-Angiotensin System
- Uncoupling Protein 1
- Prorenin Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gálvez-Prieto
- Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Instituto Pluridisciplinar Universidad Complutense, Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid Spain
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24
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Katic M, Kennedy AR, Leykin I, Norris A, McGettrick A, Gesta S, Russell SJ, Bluher M, Maratos-Flier E, Kahn CR. Mitochondrial gene expression and increased oxidative metabolism: role in increased lifespan of fat-specific insulin receptor knock-out mice. Aging Cell 2007; 6:827-39. [PMID: 18001293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction, leanness and decreased activity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor signaling are associated with increased longevity in a wide range of organisms from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. Fat-specific insulin receptor knock-out (FIRKO) mice represent an interesting dichotomy, with leanness and increased lifespan, despite normal or increased food intake. To determine the mechanisms by which a lack of insulin signaling in adipose tissue might exert this effect, we performed physiological and gene expression studies in FIRKO and control mice as they aged. At the whole body level, FIRKO mice demonstrated an increase in basal metabolic rate and respiratory exchange ratio. Analysis of gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) of FIRKO mice from 6 to 36 months of age revealed persistently high expression of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, beta-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation as compared to expression of the same genes in WAT from controls that showed a tendency to decline in expression with age. These changes in gene expression were correlated with increased cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV at the protein level, increased citrate synthase activity, increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and PGC-1beta, and an increase in mitochondrial DNA in WAT of FIRKO mice. Together, these data suggest that maintenance of mitochondrial activity and metabolic rates in adipose tissue may be important contributors to the increased lifespan of the FIRKO mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa Katic
- Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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25
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Gilbert H, LE Roy P, Milan D, Bidanel JP. Linked and pleiotropic QTLs influencing carcass composition traits detected on porcine chromosome 7. Genet Res (Camb) 2007; 89:65-72. [PMID: 17669227 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672307008701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A multivariate QTL detection was carried out on fatness and carcass composition traits on porcine chromosome 7 (SSC7). Single-trait QTLs have already been detected in the SLA region, and multivariate approaches have been used to exploit the correlations between the traits to obtain more information on their pattern: almost 500 measurements were recorded for backfat thickness (BFT1, BFT2), backfat weight (BFW) and leaf fat weight (LFW) but only about half that number for intramuscular fat content (IMF), affecting the detection. First, groups of traits were selected using a backward selection procedure: traits were selected based on their contribution to the linear combination of traits discriminating the putative QTL haplotypes. Three groups of traits could be distinguished based on successive discriminant analyses: external fat (BFT1, BFT2), internal fat (LFW, IMF) and BFW. At least four regions were distinguished, preferentially affecting one or the other group, with the SLA region always influencing all the traits. Meishan alleles decreased all trait values except IMF, confirming an opportunity for marker-assisted selection to improve meat quality with maintenance of carcass composition based on Meishan alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gilbert
- UR337, INRA, Station de Génétique Quantitative et Appliquée, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France.
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26
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Kwun IS, Cho YE, Lomeda RAR, Kwon ST, Kim Y, Beattie JH. Marginal zinc deficiency in rats decreases leptin expression independently of food intake and corticotrophin-releasing hormone in relation to food intake. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:485-9. [PMID: 17475084 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507730763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zn deficiency reduces food intake and growth rate in rodents. To determine the relationship between Zn deficiency and the regulation of food intake, we evaluated leptin gene expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH) and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (hNPY) of rats Zn-deficient only to show reduced food intake and growth rate but not food intake cycling. Growing male Sprague-Dawley rats (240 g) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups: Zn-adequate (ZA; 30 mg/kg diet), Zn-deficient (ZD; 3 mg/kg diet), pair-fed with ZD (PF; 30 mg/kg diet) and Zn-sufficient (ZS; 50 mg/kg diet) (n 8), and were fed for 3 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured, as were blood mononuclear cells and pancreas Zn levels. eWAT leptin, hCRH and hNPY mRNA levels were determined. Food intake was decreased by about 10 % in ZD and PF rats compared to ZA and ZS rats. Growth and eWAT leptin mRNA levels were unaffected in PF rats but were significantly (P < 0·05) decreased in ZD rats. However, hNPY showed a tendency to increase, and hCRH significantly (P < 0·05) decreased, in both ZD and PF rats. These results suggest that while leptin gene expression may be directly affected by Zn, hNPY and hCRH are likely responding to reduced food intake caused by Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Kyungpook, 760-749, South Korea.
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27
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Higuchi K, Masaki T, Gotoh K, Chiba S, Katsuragi I, Tanaka K, Kakuma T, Yoshimatsu H. Apelin, an APJ receptor ligand, regulates body adiposity and favors the messenger ribonucleic acid expression of uncoupling proteins in mice. Endocrinology 2007; 148:2690-7. [PMID: 17347313 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, has been identified in a variety of tissues, including stomach, heart, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue. We sought to clarify the effects of apelin on body adiposity and the expression of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with ip apelin at a dose of 0.1 mumol/kg.d for 14 d decreased the weight of white adipose tissue and serum levels of insulin and triglycerides, compared with controls, without influencing food intake. Apelin treatment also decreased body adiposity and serum levels of insulin and triglycerides in obese mice fed a high-fat diet. Apelin increased the serum adiponectin level and decreased that of leptin. Additionally, apelin treatment increased mRNA expression of UCP1, a marker of peripheral energy expenditure, in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and of UCP3, a regulator of fatty acid export, in skeletal muscle. In addition, immunoblot bands and relative densities of UCP1 content in BAT were also higher in the apelin group than controls. Furthermore, apelin treatment increased body temperature and O(2) consumption and decreased the respiratory quotient. In conclusion, apelin appears to regulate adiposity and lipid metabolism in both lean and obese mice. In addition, apelin regulates insulin resistance by influencing the circulating adiponectin level, the expression of BAT UCP1, and energy expenditure in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Higuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Biology, and Medicine, Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idai-ga-oka, Hasama-cho, Yufu-city, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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28
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Go AGG, Chow KHM, Hwang ISS, Tang F. Adrenomedullin and its receptor components in adipose tissues: Differences between white and brown fats and the effects of adrenergic stimulation. Peptides 2007; 28:920-7. [PMID: 17250927 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with 2.5mg/kg phenylephrine or 2.5mg/kg isoproterenol or both (2.5mg/kg for each drug) for 4 days, twice a day. Samples of scapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) were collected for the measurement of adrenomedullin (AM) levels and the gene expression of preproAM, calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR) and its activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) by radioimmunoassay and RT-PCR. These values were compared with those in the rats that received 0.9% saline. The gene expression of AM and AM receptor components in BAT are much less than that in epididymal WAT. In BAT there were an increase in AM peptide level after a combined treatment of alpha(1) and beta adrenoceptor agonists and increases in preproAM mRNA levels for rats treated with alpha(1) and beta receptor agonists alone or in combination. Both CRLR and RAMP2 mRNA levels of alphabeta group were increased significantly. In WAT, AM peptide level, RAMP1 and RAMP2 mRNA expression levels were augmented in the alpha group while CRLR mRNA level was enhanced in the beta group. The levels of AM, its receptor and RAMPs are much less in BAT than in WAT but adrenergic stimulation has a greater effect on the AM and its receptor components in BAT than those in WAT. AM stimulates lipolysis and increases the level of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) in BAT. It may therefore enhance thermogenesis by increasing the availability of free fatty acids substrate as well as the UCP-1 level on the mitochondrial membrane.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adrenergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology
- Adrenomedullin/genetics
- Adrenomedullin/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Ion Channels/metabolism
- Isoproterenol/administration & dosage
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Phenylephrine/administration & dosage
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Radioimmunoassay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins
- Receptors, Adrenomedullin
- Receptors, Calcitonin/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Uncoupling Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi G G Go
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Zeitlinger MA, Traunmüller F, Abrahim A, Müller MR, Erdogan Z, Müller M, Joukhadar C. A pilot study testing whether concentrations of levofloxacin in interstitial space fluid of soft tissues may serve as a surrogate for predicting its pharmacokinetics in lung. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:44-50. [PMID: 17189094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent observations indicate that pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in the lung can be predicted by the use of concentration versus time profiles in peripheral soft tissues. If this observation is transferred to other classes of antimicrobials, measurement of antimicrobial concentrations in peripheral tissues would enable prediction of the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials at the site of the respiratory tract infection. We set out to test the hypothesis that concentrations of the fluoroquinolone levofloxacin in the respiratory tract can be predicted on the basis of knowledge of its pharmacokinetics in peripheral soft tissues. After administration of a single intravenous dose of 500mg of levofloxacin, microdialysis was used to describe the concentration versus time profiles of levofloxacin in the interstitial space fluid of lung tissue of patients (n=5) undergoing elective lung surgery. These data were compared with the concentration versus time courses in the interstitial space fluid of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy volunteers (n=7). The median AUC(0-infinity) of free levofloxacin in lung (2267mg x min/L, 1980-2355) was about 2-fold and 1.5-fold lower compared with skeletal muscle (4381mg x min/L, range 1720-8195) and adipose tissue (3492mg x min/L, range 1323-6420) of healthy controls, respectively. Concentrations in the interstitial space fluid of the lung were descriptively lower compared with corresponding concentrations in peripheral soft tissues. This is in contrast to previous observations made for the class of beta-lactam antibiotics, and indicates that pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin derived from soft tissues may not be used uncritically for prediction of levofloxacin concentrations in the interstitium of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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30
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Skowronski MT, Lebeck J, Rojek A, Praetorius J, Füchtbauer EM, Frøkiaer J, Nielsen S. AQP7 is localized in capillaries of adipose tissue, cardiac and striated muscle: implications in glycerol metabolism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F956-65. [PMID: 17077387 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00314.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP7) is expressed in proximal tubules and is involved in glycerol uptake. The cellular expression and physiological function in other organs remain largely undefined. AQP7 knockout (KO) mice were generated and used for immunohistochemical analyses to define the organ and cellular expression of AQP7. AQP7 labeling was found in kidney proximal tubule, heart, skeletal muscle, testis, epididymis, as well as in white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) of wild-type mice. Importantly, immunoreactivity was completely absent from these tissues in AQP7 KO mice. At the cellular level, the capillary endothelium WAT and BAT displayed prominent staining, whereas AQP7 labeling in adipocyte membranes was undetectable. Double-labeling confocal microscopy revealed coexpression of AQP7 with capillary AQP1 but not with adipocyte GLUT4. Moreover, immunoelectron microscopy and RT-PCR of isolated microvessels confirmed the vascular AQP7 expression. Distinct immunolabeling of the capillary endothelium was also observed in both skeletal and heart muscle with no apparent staining of skeletal or cardiac myocytes. As previously reported, specific immunolabeling was confined to brush border in segment 3 renal proximal tubules and to spermatids and spermatozoa in male reproductive tract. The expression of AQP7 was induced up to 2.2-fold in WAT of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (S-DM) compared with controls and fasting for 72 h (but not 24 h) induced significant increase in AQP7 expression. In conclusion, AQP7 is expressed in capillary endothelia of adipose tissue (and cardiac and striated muscle) and is upregulated in WAT in response to S-DM supporting its role in glycerol metabolism.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue, White/chemistry
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Aquaporins/analysis
- Aquaporins/genetics
- Aquaporins/metabolism
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Capillaries/chemistry
- Capillaries/ultrastructure
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/analysis
- Glycerol/blood
- Glycerol/metabolism
- Glycerol/urine
- Kidney/chemistry
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/chemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry
- Myocardium/chemistry
- Sperm Tail/chemistry
- Testis/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz T Skowronski
- The Water and Salt Research Center, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Thomas EL, Brynes AE, Hamilton G, Patel N, Spong A, Goldin RD, Frost G, Bell JD, Taylor-Robinson SD. Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic, muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:5813-9. [PMID: 17007047 PMCID: PMC4100662 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat (IHCL).
METHODS: Whole body MRI and 1H MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
RESULTS: A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% (-3.4 kg,) accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue (AT) depots, including subcutaneous (-9.9%), abdominal subcutaneous (-10.2%) and intra-abdominal-AT (-11.4%). Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle (-28.2%). Decreases in both IHCL (-39.9%) and soleus IMCL (-12.2%) content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Louise Thomas
- Robert Steiner MR Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom.
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