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Brizuela Guerra N, Morais Lima JV, Nozella NL, Boratto MH, Paulin JV, Graeff CFDO. Electrochemical Doping Effect on the Conductivity of Melanin-Inspired Materials. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:2186-2196. [PMID: 38466818 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Eumelanin is a natural pigment that can be particularly valuable for sustainable bioelectronic devices due to its inherent biocompatibility and hydration-dependent conductivity. However, the low conductivity of eumelanin limits its technological development. In this research, electrochemical doping was proposed as an alternative route to increase the electronic conductivity of synthetic eumelanin derivatives. Thin films of sulfonated eumelanin were deposited on platinum interdigitated electrodes and electrochemically treated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed ion doping in sulfonated melanin. Current-voltage, current-time, and electrochemical impedance measurements were used to investigate the effect of different aqueous electrolytes (including KCl and LiClO4) treatments on the charge transport of sulfonated eumelanin. We show that the conductivity depends on the type and size of the anion used and can reach 10-3 S·cm-1. Additionally, depending on the electrolyte, there is a change in charge transport from mixed ionic/electronic to a predominantly electronic-only conduction. Our results show that the chemical nature of the ion plays an important role in the electrochemical doping and, consequently, in the charge transport of eumelanin. These insights serve as inspiration to explore the use of alternative electrolytes with different compositions further and develop eumelanin-based devices with tunable conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayrim Brizuela Guerra
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor Morais Lima
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Natan Luis Nozella
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique Boratto
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Paulin
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
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Travaglini L, Lam NT, Sawicki A, Cha HJ, Xu D, Micolich AP, Clark DS, Glover DJ. Fabrication of Electronically Conductive Protein-Heme Nanowires for Power Harvesting. Small 2024:e2311661. [PMID: 38597694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electronically conductive protein-based materials can enable the creation of bioelectronic components and devices from sustainable and nontoxic materials, while also being well-suited to interface with biological systems, such as living cells, for biosensor applications. However, as proteins are generally electrical insulators, the ability to render protein assemblies electroactive in a tailorable manner can usher in a plethora of useful materials. Here, an approach to fabricate electronically conductive protein nanowires is presented by aligning heme molecules in proximity along protein filaments, with these nanowires also possessing charge transfer abilities that enable energy harvesting from ambient humidity. The heme-incorporated protein nanowires demonstrate electron transfer over micrometer distances, with conductive atomic force microscopy showing individual nanowires having comparable conductance to other previously characterized heme-based bacterial nanowires. Exposure of multilayer nanowire films to humidity produces an electrical current, presumably through water molecules ionizing carboxyl groups in the filament and creating an unbalanced total charge distribution that is enhanced by the heme. Incorporation of heme and potentially other metal-center porphyrin molecules into protein nanostructures could pave the way for structurally- and electrically-defined protein-based bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Travaglini
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nga T Lam
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Artur Sawicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hee-Jeong Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Adam P Micolich
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Douglas S Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dominic J Glover
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Stuebler M, Manzer ZA, Liu HY, Miller J, Richter A, Krishnan S, Selivanovitch E, Banuna B, Jander G, Reimhult E, Zipfel WR, Roeder AHK, Piñeros MA, Daniel S. Plant Membrane-On-A-Chip: A Platform for Studying Plant Membrane Proteins and Lipids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38593404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The cell plasma membrane is a two-dimensional, fluid mosaic material composed of lipids and proteins that create a semipermeable barrier defining the cell from its environment. Compared with soluble proteins, the methodologies for the structural and functional characterization of membrane proteins are challenging. An emerging tool for studies of membrane proteins in mammalian systems is a "plasma membrane on a chip," also known as a supported lipid bilayer. Here, we create the "plant-membrane-on-a-chip,″ a supported bilayer made from the plant plasma membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, or Zea mays. Membrane vesicles from protoplasts containing transgenic membrane proteins and their native lipids were incorporated into supported membranes in a defined orientation. Membrane vesicles fuse and orient systematically, where the cytoplasmic side of the membrane proteins faces the chip surface and constituents maintain mobility within the membrane plane. We use plant-membrane-on-a-chip to perform fluorescent imaging to examine protein-protein interactions and determine the protein subunit stoichiometry of FLOTILLINs. We report here that like the mammalian FLOTILLINs, FLOTILLINs expressed in Arabidopsis form a tetrameric complex in the plasma membrane. This plant-membrane-on-a-chip approach opens avenues to studies of membrane properties of plants, transport phenomena, biophysical processes, and protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions in a convenient, cell-free platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stuebler
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Zachary A Manzer
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Han-Yuan Liu
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Julia Miller
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Annett Richter
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | | | - Ekaterina Selivanovitch
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Barituziga Banuna
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erik Reimhult
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Warren R Zipfel
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Adrienne H K Roeder
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Miguel A Piñeros
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, ARS-USDA, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Susan Daniel
- RF Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Kim J, Bury MI, Kwon K, Yoo JY, Halstead NV, Shin HS, Li S, Won SM, Seo MH, Wu Y, Park DY, Kini M, Kwak JW, Madhvapathy SR, Ciatti JL, Lee JH, Kim S, Ryu H, Yamagishi K, Yoon HJ, Kwak SS, Kim B, Huang Y, Halliday LC, Cheng EY, Ameer GA, Sharma AK, Rogers JA. A wireless, implantable bioelectronic system for monitoring urinary bladder function following surgical recovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400868121. [PMID: 38547066 PMCID: PMC10998577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400868121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Partial cystectomy procedures for urinary bladder-related dysfunction involve long recovery periods, during which urodynamic studies (UDS) intermittently assess lower urinary tract function. However, UDS are not patient-friendly, they exhibit user-to-user variability, and they amount to snapshots in time, limiting the ability to collect continuous, longitudinal data. These procedures also pose the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, which can progress to ascending pyelonephritis due to prolonged lower tract manipulation in high-risk patients. Here, we introduce a fully bladder-implantable platform that allows for continuous, real-time measurements of changes in mechanical strain associated with bladder filling and emptying via wireless telemetry, including a wireless bioresorbable strain gauge validated in a benchtop partial cystectomy model. We demonstrate that this system can reproducibly measure real-time changes in a rodent model up to 30 d postimplantation with minimal foreign body response. Studies in a nonhuman primate partial cystectomy model demonstrate concordance of pressure measurements up to 8 wk compared with traditional UDS. These results suggest that our system can be used as a suitable alternative to UDS for long-term postoperative bladder recovery monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew I. Bury
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16417, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadia V. Halstead
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Hee-Sup Shin
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Shupeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Seo
- Department of Information Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunyun Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Do Yun Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mitali Kini
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Jean Won Kwak
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Surabhi R. Madhvapathy
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Joanna L. Ciatti
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Hanjun Ryu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kento Yamagishi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Hong-Joon Yoon
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Bionics Research Center of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bosung Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Lisa C. Halliday
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Earl Y. Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL60611
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
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Pinheiro T, Morais M, Silvestre S, Carlos E, Coelho J, Almeida HV, Barquinha P, Fortunato E, Martins R. Direct Laser Writing: From Materials Synthesis and Conversion to Electronic Device Processing. Adv Mater 2024:e2402014. [PMID: 38551106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Direct Laser Writing (DLW) has been increasingly selected as a microfabrication route for efficient, cost-effective, high-resolution material synthesis and conversion. Concurrently, lasers participate in the patterning and assembly of functional geometries in several fields of application, of which electronics stand out. In this review, recent advances and strategies based on DLW for electronics microfabrication are surveyed and outlined, based on laser material growth strategies. First, the main DLW parameters influencing material synthesis and transformation mechanisms are summarized, aimed at selective, tailored writing of conductive and semiconducting materials. Additive and transformative DLW processing mechanisms are discussed, to open space to explore several categories of materials directly synthesized or transformed for electronics microfabrication. These include metallic conductors, metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides and carbides, laser-induced graphene, and their mixtures. By accessing a wide range of material types, DLW-based electronic applications are explored, including processing components, energy harvesting and storage, sensing, and bioelectronics. The expanded capability of lasers to participate in multiple fabrication steps at different implementation levels, from material engineering to device processing, indicates their future applicability to next-generation electronics, where more accessible, green microfabrication approaches integrate lasers as comprehensive tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Pinheiro
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Maria Morais
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Sara Silvestre
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carlos
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - João Coelho
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Henrique V Almeida
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barquinha
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Elvira Fortunato
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- i3N|CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
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Hall TAG, Theodoridis K, Kohli N, Cegla F, van Arkel RJ. Active osseointegration in an ex vivo porcine bone model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1360669. [PMID: 38585711 PMCID: PMC10995341 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1360669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving osseointegration is a fundamental requirement for many orthopaedic, oral, and craniofacial implants. Osseointegration typically takes three to 6 months, during which time implants are at risk of loosening. The aim of this study was to investigate whether osseointegration could be actively enhanced by delivering controllable electromechanical stimuli to the periprosthetic bone. First, the osteoconductivity of the implant surface was confirmed using an in vitro culture with murine preosteoblasts. The effects of active treatment on osseointegration were then investigated in a 21-day ex vivo model with freshly harvested cancellous bone cylinders (n = 24; Ø10 mm × 5 mm) from distal porcine femora, with comparisons to specimens treated by a distant ultrasound source and static controls. Cell viability, proliferation and distribution was evident throughout culture. Superior ongrowth of tissue onto the titanium discs during culture was observed in the actively stimulated specimens, with evidence of ten-times increased mineralisation after 7 and 14 days of culture (p < 0.05) and 2.5 times increased expression of osteopontin (p < 0.005), an adhesive protein, at 21 days. Moreover, histological analyses revealed increased bone remodelling at the implant-bone interface in the actively stimulated specimens compared to the passive controls. Active osseointegration is an exciting new approach for accelerating bone growth into and around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A G Hall
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nupur Kohli
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Cegla
- Non-Destructive Evaluation Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J van Arkel
- Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sun J, Yang R, Li Q, Zhu R, Jiang Y, Zang L, Zhang Z, Tong W, Zhao H, Li T, Li H, Qi D, Li G, Chen X, Dai Z, Liu Z. Living Synthelectronics: A New Era for Bioelectronics Powered by Synthetic Biology. Adv Mater 2024:e2400110. [PMID: 38494761 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, which converges biology and electronics, has attracted great attention due to their vital applications in human-machine interfaces. While traditional bioelectronic devices utilize nonliving organic and/or inorganic materials to achieve flexibility and stretchability, a biological mismatch is often encountered because human tissues are characterized not only by softness and stretchability but also by biodynamic and adaptive properties. Recently, a notable paradigm shift has emerged in bioelectronics, where living cells, and even viruses, modified via gene editing within synthetic biology, are used as core components in a new hybrid electronics paradigm. These devices are defined as "living synthelectronics," and they offer enhanced potential for interfacing with human tissues at informational and substance exchange levels. In this Perspective, the recent advances in living synthelectronics are summarized. First, opportunities brought to electronics by synthetic biology are briefly introduced. Then, strategic approaches to designing and making electronic devices using living cells/viruses as the building blocks, sensing components, or power sources are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by living synthelectronics are raised. It is believed that this paradigm shift will significantly contribute to the real integration of bioelectronics with human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruofan Yang
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Runtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Tong
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanfei Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanglin Li
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Soft Bio-interface Electronics Lab, Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Standard Robots Co.,Ltd,Room 405, Building D, Huafeng International Robot Fusen Industrial Park, Hangcheng Avenue, Guxing Community, Xixiang Street, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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8
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Babangida AA, Uddin A, Stephen KT, Yusuf BA, Zhang L, Ge D. A Roadmap from Functional Materials to Plant Health Monitoring (PHM). Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300283. [PMID: 37815087 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics have great potential for the early diagnosis of plant diseases and the mitigation of adverse outcomes such as reduced crop yields and stunted growth. Over the past decade, bioelectronic interfaces have evolved into miniaturized conformal electronic devices that integrate flexible monitoring systems with advanced electronic functionality. This development is largely attributable to advances in materials science, and micro/nanofabrication technology. The approach uses the mechanical and electronic properties of functional materials (polymer substrates and sensing elements) to create interfaces for plant monitoring. In addition to ensuring biocompatibility, several other factors need to be considered when developing these interfaces. These include the choice of materials, fabrication techniques, precision, electrical performance, and mechanical stability. In this review, some of the benefits plants can derive from several of the materials used to develop soft bioelectronic interfaces are discussed. The article describes how they can be used to create biocompatible monitoring devices that can enhance plant growth and health. Evaluation of these devices also takes into account features that ensure their long-term durability, sensitivity, and reliability. This article concludes with a discussion of the development of reliable soft bioelectronic systems for plants, which has the potential to advance the field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar A Babangida
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Azim Uddin
- Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kukwi Tissan Stephen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bashir Adegbemiga Yusuf
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214126, China
| | - Daohan Ge
- Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
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9
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Lee DH, Lim S, Kwak SS, Kim J. Advancements in Skin-Mediated Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302375. [PMID: 38009520 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mediated drug delivery methods currently are receiving significant attention as a promising approach for the enhanced delivery of drugs through the skin. Skin-mediated drug delivery offers the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional drug delivery methods, including oral administration and intravenous injection. The challenges associated with drug permeation through layers of skin, which act as a major barrier, are explored, and strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed in detail. This review categorizes skin-mediated drug delivery methods based on the means of increasing drug permeation, and it provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and techniques associated with these methods. In addition, recent advancements in the application of skin-mediated drug delivery are presented. The review also outlines the limitations of ongoing research and suggests future perspectives of studies regarding the skin-mediated delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Lee
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lin J, Chen X, Zhang P, Xue Y, Feng Y, Ni Z, Tao Y, Wang Y, Liu J. Wireless Bioelectronics for In Vivo Pressure Monitoring with Mechanically-compliant Hydrogel Biointerfaces. Adv Mater 2024:e2400181. [PMID: 38419474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Recent electronics-tissues biointefacing technology has offered unprecedented opportunities for long-term disease diagnosis and treatment. It remains a grand challenge to robustly anchor the pressure sensing bioelectronics onto specific organs, since the periodically-varying stress generated by normal biological processes may pose high risk of interfacial failures. Here, we report a general yet reliable approach to achieve the robust hydrogel interface between wireless pressure sensor and biological tissues/organs, featuring highly desirable mechanical compliance and swelling resistance, despite the direct contact with biofluids and dynamic conditions. The sensor is operated wirelessly through inductive coupling, characterizing minimal hysteresis, fast response times, excellent stability and robustness, thus allowing for easy handling and eliminating the necessity for surgical extraction after a functional period. We have demonstrated the operation of the wireless sensor with a custom-made pressure sensing model and In Vivo intracranial pressure monitoring in rats. This technology may be advantageous in real-time post-operative monitoring of various biological inner pressures after the reconstructive surgery, thus guaranteeing the timely treatment of lethal diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsen Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xingmei Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yinghui Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhipeng Ni
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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11
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Boys AJ. There and Back Again: Building Systems That Integrate, Interface, and Interact with the Human Body. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2300366. [PMID: 38400703 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Since Dr. Theodor Schwann posed the extension of Cell Theory to mammals in 1839, scientists have dreamt up ways to interface with and influence the cells. Recently, considerable ground in this area is gained, particularly in the scope of bioelectronics. New advances in this area have provided with a means to record electrical activity from cells, examining neural firing or epithelial barrier integrity, and stimulate cells through applied electrical fields. Many of these applications utilize invasive implantation systems to perform this interaction in close proximity to the cells in question. Traditionally, the body's immune system fights back against these systems through the foreign body response, limiting the efficacy of long-term interactions. New technologies in tissue engineering, biomaterials science, and bioelectronics offer the potential to circumvent the foreign body response and create stable long-term biological interfaces. Looking ahead, the next advancements in the biomedical sciences can truly integrate, interface, and interact with the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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12
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Wang XQ, Xie AQ, Cao P, Yang J, Ong WL, Zhang KQ, Ho GW. Structuring and Shaping of Mechanically Robust and Functional Hydrogels toward Wearable and Implantable Applications. Adv Mater 2024:e2309952. [PMID: 38389497 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels possess unique features such as softness, wetness, responsiveness, and biocompatibility, making them highly suitable for biointegrated applications that have close interactions with living organisms. However, conventional man-made hydrogels are usually soft and brittle, making them inferior to the mechanically robust biological hydrogels. To ensure reliable and durable operation of biointegrated wearable and implantable devices, mechanical matching and shape adaptivity of hydrogels to tissues and organs are essential. Recent advances in polymer science and processing technologies have enabled mechanical engineering and shaping of hydrogels for various biointegrated applications. In this review, polymer network structuring strategies at micro/nanoscales for toughening hydrogels are summarized, and representative mechanical functionalities that exist in biological materials but are not easily achieved in synthetic hydrogels are further discussed. Three categories of processing technologies, namely, 3D printing, spinning, and coating for fabrication of tough hydrogel constructs with complex shapes are reviewed, and the corresponding hydrogel toughening strategies are also highlighted. These developments enable adaptive fabrication of mechanically robust and functional hydrogel devices, and promote application of hydrogels in the fields of biomedical engineering, bioelectronics, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - An-Quan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengle Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Li Ong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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13
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Sacchi M, Sauter-Starace F, Mailley P, Texier I. Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1294238. [PMID: 38449676 PMCID: PMC10916519 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1294238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Implantable and wearable bioelectronic systems are arising growing interest in the medical field. Linking the microelectronic (electronic conductivity) and biological (ionic conductivity) worlds, the biocompatible conductive materials at the electrode/tissue interface are key components in these systems. We herein focus more particularly on resorbable bioelectronic systems, which can safely degrade in the biological environment once they have completed their purpose, namely, stimulating or sensing biological activity in the tissues. Resorbable conductive materials are also explored in the fields of tissue engineering and 3D cell culture. After a short description of polymer-based substrates and scaffolds, and resorbable electrical conductors, we review how they can be combined to design resorbable conductive materials. Although these materials are still emerging, various medical and biomedical applications are already taking shape that can profoundly modify post-operative and wound healing follow-up. Future challenges and perspectives in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sacchi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, JACOB-SEPIA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Sauter-Starace
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
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14
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Peñas-Núñez SJ, Mecerreyes D, Criado-Gonzalez M. Recent Advances and Developments in Injectable Conductive Polymer Gels for Bioelectronics. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024. [PMID: 38364213 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Soft matter bioelectronics represents an emerging and interdisciplinary research frontier aiming to harness the synergy between biology and electronics for advanced diagnostic and healthcare applications. In this context, a whole family of soft gels have been recently developed with self-healing ability and tunable biological mimetic features to act as a tissue-like space bridging the interface between the electronic device and dynamic biological fluids and body tissues. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of electroactive polymer gels, formed by noncovalent intermolecular interactions and dynamic covalent bonds, as injectable electroactive gels, covering their synthesis, characterization, and applications. First, hydrogels crafted from conducting polymers (poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polyaniline (PANi), and polypyrrole (PPy))-based networks which are connected through physical interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions) or dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., imine bonds, Schiff-base, borate ester bonds) are addressed. Injectable hydrogels involving hybrid networks of polymers with conductive nanomaterials (i.e., graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles, etc.) are also discussed. Besides, it also delves into recent advancements in injectable ionic liquid-integrated gels (iongels) and deep eutectic solvent-integrated gels (eutectogels), which present promising avenues for future research. Finally, the current applications and future prospects of injectable electroactive polymer gels in cutting-edge bioelectronic applications ranging from tissue engineering to biosensing are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio J Peñas-Núñez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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15
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Nguyen DM, Lo CY, Guo T, Choi T, Sundar S, Swain Z, Wu Y, Dhong C, Kayser LV. One Pot Photomediated Formation of Electrically Conductive Hydrogels. ACS Polym Au 2024; 4:34-44. [PMID: 38371732 PMCID: PMC10870748 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Electrically conductive hydrogels represent an innovative platform for the development of bioelectronic devices. While photolithography technologies have enabled the fabrication of complex architectures with high resolution, photoprinting conductive hydrogels is still a challenging task because the conductive polymer absorbs light which can outcompete photopolymerization of the insulating scaffold. In this study, we introduce an approach to synthesizing conductive hydrogels in one step. Our approach combines the simultaneous photo-cross-linking of a polymeric scaffold and the polymerization of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT), without additional photocatalysts. This process involves the copolymerization of photo-cross-linkable coumarin-containing monomers with sodium styrenesulfonate to produce a water-soluble poly(styrenesulfonate-co-coumarin acrylate) (P(SS-co-CoumAc)) copolymer. Our findings reveal that optimizing the [SS]:[CoumAc] ratio at 100:5 results in hydrogels with the strain at break up to 16%. This mechanical resilience is coupled with an electronic conductivity of 9.2 S m-1 suitable for wearable electronics. Furthermore, the conductive hydrogels can be photopatterned to achieve micrometer-sized structures with high resolution. The photo-cross-linked hydrogels are used as electrodes to record stable and reliable surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. These novel photo-cross-linkable polymers combined with one-pot PEDOT (poly-EDOT) polymerization open possibilities for rapidly prototyping complex bioelectronic devices and creating custom-designed interfaces between electronics and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan My Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Chun-Yuan Lo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tianzheng Guo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Taewook Choi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Shalini Sundar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Zachary Swain
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Charles Dhong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Laure V. Kayser
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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16
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Lewis CM, Boehler C, Liljemalm R, Fries P, Stieglitz T, Asplund M. Recording Quality Is Systematically Related to Electrode Impedance. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303401. [PMID: 38354063 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular recordings with planar microelectrodes are the gold standard technique for recording the fast action potentials of neurons in the intact brain. The introduction of microfabrication techniques has revolutionized the in vivo recording of neuronal activity and introduced high-density, multi-electrode arrays that increase the spatial resolution of recordings and the number of neurons that can be simultaneously recorded. Despite these innovations, there is still debate about the ideal electrical transfer characteristics of extracellular electrodes. This uncertainty is partly due to the lack of systematic studies comparing electrodes with different characteristics, particularly for chronically implanted arrays over extended time periods. Here a high-density, flexible, and thin-film array is fabricated and tested, containing four distinct electrode types differing in surface material and surface topology and, thus, impedance. It is found that recording quality is strongly related to electrode impedance with signal amplitude and unit yield negatively correlated to impedance. Electrode impedances are stable for the duration of the experiment (up to 12 weeks) and recording quality does not deteriorate. The findings support the expectation from the theory that recording quality will increase as impedance decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Boehler
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rickard Liljemalm
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstraße 46, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, Netherland
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Asplund
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, Gothenburg, 41258, Sweden
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17
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Luponosov YN, Solodukhin AN, Aseyev NA, Rokitskaya TI, Kolotova DE, Kotova EA, Kurkin TS, Poletavkina LA, Isaeva YA, Antonenko YN, Balaban PM, Ponomarenko SA. Nanoparticles of Push-Pull Triphenylamine-Based Molecules for Light-Controlled Stimulation of Neuronal Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1139-1152. [PMID: 38241460 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor materials with a unique set of properties are very attractive for interfacing biological objects and can be used for noninvasive therapy or detection of biological signals. Here, we describe the synthesis and investigation of a novel series of organic push-pull conjugated molecules with the star-shaped architecture, consisting of triphenylamine as a branching electron donor core linked through the thiophene π-spacer to electron-withdrawing alkyl-dicyanovinyl groups. The molecules could form stable aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles (NPs) without the addition of any surfactants or amphiphilic polymer matrixes with the average size distribution varying from 40 to 120 nm and absorption spectra very similar to those of human eye retina pigments such as rods and green cones. Variation of the terminal alkyl chain length of the molecules forming NPs from 1 to 12 carbon atoms was found to be an efficient tool to modulate their lipophilic and biological properties. Possibilities of using the NPs as light nanoactuators in biological systems or as artificial pigments for therapy of degenerative retinal diseases were studied both on the model planar bilayer lipid membranes and on the rat cortical neurons. In the planar bilayer system, the photodynamic activity of these NPs led to photoinactivation of ion channels formed by pentadecapeptide gramicidin A. Treatment of rat cortical neurons with the NPs caused depolarization of cell membranes upon light irradiation, which could also be due to the photodynamic activity of the NPs. The results of the work gave more insight into the mechanisms of light-controlled stimulation of neuronal activity and for the first time showed that fine-tuning of the lipophilic affinity of NPs based on organic conjugated molecules is of high importance for creating a bioelectronic interface for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy N Luponosov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow 117393, Russia
| | - Alexander N Solodukhin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow 117393, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Aseyev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Darya E Kolotova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tikhon S Kurkin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow 117393, Russia
| | - Liya A Poletavkina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow 117393, Russia
| | - Yulia A Isaeva
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow 117393, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Sergey A Ponomarenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow 117393, Russia
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18
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Oldroyd P, Oldroyd S, Meng M, Makwana R, Sanger G, Bulmer D, Malliaras GG, Owens RM. Stretchable Device for Simultaneous Measurements of Contractility and Electrophysiology of Neuromuscular Tissue in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Adv Mater 2024:e2312735. [PMID: 38290128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Devices interfacing with biological tissues can provide valuable insights into function, disease, and metabolism through electrical and mechanical signals. However, certain neuromuscular tissues, like those in the gastrointestinal tract, undergo significant strains of up to 40%. Conventional inextensible devices cannot capture the dynamic responses in these tissues. This study introduces electrodes made from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that enable simultaneous monitoring of electrical and mechanical responses of gut tissue. The soft PDMS layers conform to tissue surfaces during gastrointestinal movement. Dopants, including Capstone FS-30 and polyethylene glycol, are explored to enhance the conductivity, electrical sensitivity to strain, and stability of the PEDOT:PSS. The devices are fabricated using shadow masks and solution-processing techniques, providing a faster and simpler process than traditional clean-room-based lithography. Tested on ex vivo mouse colon and human stomach, the device recorded voltage changes of up to 300 µV during contraction and distension consistent with muscle activity, while simultaneously recording resistance changes of up to 150% due to mechanical strain. These devices detect and respond to chemical stimulants and blockers, and can induce contractions through electrical stimulation. They hold great potential for studying and treating complex disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Oldroyd
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Sophie Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Michelle Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Ct Rd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Rajesh Makwana
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Cambridge, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gareth Sanger
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Cambridge, E1 2AT, UK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Ct Rd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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19
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Mitoudi-Vagourdi E, Dimov I, Picchio ML, Lopez-Larrea N, de Lacalle JL, Tao X, Serrano RRM, Gallastegui A, Vassardanis N, Mecerreyes D, Malliaras GG. Light-Based 3D Multi-Material Printing of Micro-Structured Bio-Shaped, Conducting and Dry Adhesive Electrodes for Bioelectronics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2306424. [PMID: 38251224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a new method of multi-material printing in one-go using a commercially available 3D printer is presented. The approach is simple and versatile, allowing the manufacturing of multi-material layered or multi-material printing in the same layer. To the best of the knowledge, it is the first time that 3D printed Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) micro-patterns combining different materials are reported, overcoming mechanical stability issues. Moreover, the conducting ink is engineered to obtain stable in-time materials while retaining sub-100 µm resolution. Micro-structured bio-shaped protuberances are designed and 3D printed as electrodes for electrophysiology. Moreover, these microstructures are combined with polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (polyDES) as functional additives, gaining adhesion and ionic conductivity. As a result of the novel electrodes, low skin impedance values showed suitable performance for electromyography recording on the forearm. Finally, this concluded that the use of polyDES conferred stability over time, allowing the usability of the electrode 90 days after fabrication without losing its performance. All in all, this demonstrated a very easy-to-make procedure that allows printing PEDOT:PSS on soft, hard, and/or flexible functional substrates, opening up a new paradigm in the manufacturing of conducting multi-functional materials for the field of bioelectronics and wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Eleni Mitoudi-Vagourdi
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ivan Dimov
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Matias L Picchio
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Naroa Lopez-Larrea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Jon Lopez de Lacalle
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
| | - Xudong Tao
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ruben Ruiz-Mateos Serrano
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Antonela Gallastegui
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
| | | | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
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20
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Kuo HL, Chen SL. Radiation Detector Front-End Readout Chip with Nonbinary Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter for Wearable Healthcare Monitoring Applications. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:143. [PMID: 38258262 PMCID: PMC10819470 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A 16-channel front-end readout chip for a radiation detector is designed for portable or wearable healthcare monitoring applications. The proposed chip reads the signal of the radiation detector and converts it into digital serial-out data by using a nonbinary successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that has a 1-MS/s sampling rate and 10-b resolution. The minimum-to-maximum differential and integral nonlinearity are measured as -0.32 to 0.33 and -0.43 to 0.37 least significant bits, respectively. The signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio and effective number of bits are 57.41 dB and 9.24 bits, respectively, for an input frequency of 500 kHz and a sampling rate of 1 MS/s. The SAR ADC has a 38.9-fJ/conversion step figure of merit at the sampling rate of 1 MS/s. The proposed chip can read input signals with peak currents ranging from 20 to 750 μA and convert the analog signal into a 10-bit serial-output digital signal. The input dynamic range is 2-75 pC. The resolution of the peak current is 208.3 nA. The chip, which has an area of 1.444 mm × 10.568 mm, is implemented using CMOS 0.18-μm 1P6M technology, and the power consumption of each channel is 19 mW. This design is suitable for wearable devices, especially biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Lun Kuo
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lun Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
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21
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Oikonomou VK, Huerta M, Sandéhn A, Dreier T, Daguerre Y, Lim H, Berggren M, Pavlopoulou E, Näsholm T, Bech M, Stavrinidou E. eSoil: A low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that enhances crop seedling growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304135120. [PMID: 38147542 PMCID: PMC10786271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304135120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Active hydroponic substrates that stimulate on demand the plant growth have not been demonstrated so far. Here, we developed the eSoil, a low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that can provide electrical stimulation to the plants' root system and growth environment in hydroponics settings. eSoil's active material is an organic mixed ionic electronic conductor while its main structural component is cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer. We demonstrate that barley seedlings that are widely used for fodder grow within the eSoil with the root system integrated within its porous matrix. Simply by polarizing the eSoil, seedling growth is accelerated resulting in increase of dry weight on average by 50% after 15 d of growth. The effect is evident both on root and shoot development and occurs during the growth period after the stimulation. The stimulated plants reduce and assimilate NO3- more efficiently than controls, a finding that may have implications on minimizing fertilizer use. However, more studies are required to provide a mechanistic understanding of the physical and biological processes involved. eSoil opens the pathway for the development of active hydroponic scaffolds that may increase crop yield in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios K. Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Sandéhn
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Till Dreier
- Department for Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22242Lund, Sweden
- Excillum AB, SE-16440Kista, Sweden
| | - Yohann Daguerre
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hyungwoo Lim
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Bech
- Department for Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-22242Lund, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174Norrköping, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Sait R, Al-Jawhari H, Ganash A, Wustoni S, Chen L, Hedhili MN, Wehbe N, Hussein D, Alhowity A, Baeesa S, Bangash M, Abuzenadah A, Inal S, Cross R. Electrochemical Performance of Biocompatible TiC Films Deposited through Nonreactive RF Magnetron Sputtering for Neural Interfacing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:391-404. [PMID: 38095213 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of neural electrode stimulation and recording hinges significantly on the choice of a neural electrode interface material. Transition metal carbides (TMCs), particularly titanium carbide (TiC), have demonstrated exceptional chemical stability and high electrical conductivity. Yet, the fabrication of TiC thin films and their potential application as neural electrode interfaces remains relatively unexplored. Herein, we present a systematic examination of TiC thin films synthesized through nonreactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. TiC films were optimized toward high areal capacitance, low impedance, and stable electrochemical cyclability. We varied the RF power and deposition pressure to pinpoint the optimal properties, focusing on the deposition rate, surface roughness, crystallinity, and elemental composition to achieve high areal capacitance and low impedance. The best-performing TiC film showed an areal capacitance of 475 μF/cm2 with a capacitance retention of 93% after 5000 cycles. In addition, the electrochemical performance of the optimum film under varying scanning rates demonstrated a stable electrochemical performance even under dynamic and fast-changing stimulation conditions. Furthermore, the in vitro cell culture for 3 weeks revealed excellent biocompatibility, promoting cell growth compared with a control substrate. This work presents a novel contribution, highlighting the potential of sputtered TiC thin films as robust neural electrode interface materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa Sait
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Building 7, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Al-Jawhari
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Building 7, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Ganash
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Building 7, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shofarul Wustoni
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Engineering (KAUST), Building 2, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Chen
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Engineering (KAUST), Building 3, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Nejib Hedhili
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Engineering (KAUST), Building 3, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimer Wehbe
- Imaging and Characterization Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Engineering (KAUST), Building 3, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alazouf Alhowity
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Engineering (KAUST), Building 2, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard Cross
- Emerging Technology Research Center, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
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23
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Nasser RA, Arya SS, Alshehhi KH, Teo JCM, Pitsalidis C. Conducting polymer scaffolds: a new frontier in bioelectronics and bioengineering. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(23)00339-6. [PMID: 38184439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) scaffolds have emerged as a transformative tool in bioelectronics and bioengineering, advancing the ability to interface with biological systems. Their unique combination of electrical conductivity, tailorability, and biocompatibility surpasses the capabilities of traditional nonconducting scaffolds while granting them access to the realm of bioelectronics. This review examines recent developments in CP scaffolds, focusing on material and device advancements, as well as their interplay with biological systems. We highlight applications for monitoring, tissue stimulation, and drug delivery and discuss perspectives and challenges currently faced for their ultimate translation and clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Nasser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sagar S Arya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Khulood H Alshehhi
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jeremy C M Teo
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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24
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Jiang X, Wu H, Xiao A, Huang Y, Yu X, Chang L. Recent Advances in Bioelectronics for Localized Drug Delivery. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2301068. [PMID: 37759393 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed remarkable advancements in bioelectronics, ushering in a new era of wearable and implantable devices for drug delivery. By utilizing miniaturized system design and/or flexible materials, bioelectronics illustrates ideal integration with target organs and tissues, making them ideal platforms for localized drug delivery. Furthermore, the development of electrically assisted drug delivery systems has enhanced the efficiency and safety of therapeutic administration, particularly for the macromolecules that encounter additional challenges in penetrating biological barriers. In this review, a concise overview of recent progress in bioelectronic devices for in vivo localized drug delivery, with highlights on the latest trends in device design, working principles, and their corresponding functionalities, is provided. The reported systems based on their targeted delivery locations as wearable systems, ingestible systems, and implantable systems are categorized. Each category is introduced in detail by highlighting the special requirements for devices and the corresponding solutions. The remaining challenges in this field and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ao Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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25
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Ok J, Park S, Jung YH, Kim TI. Wearable and Implantable Cortisol-Sensing Electronics for Stress Monitoring. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2211595. [PMID: 36917076 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released from the body in response to stress. Although a moderate level of cortisol secretion can help the body maintain homeostasis, excessive secretion can cause various diseases, such as depression and anxiety. Conventional methods for cortisol measurement undergo procedures that limit continuous monitoring, typically collecting samples of bodily fluids, followed by separate analysis in a laboratory setting that takes several hours. Thus, recent studies demonstrate wearable, miniaturized sensors integrated with electronic modules that enable wireless real-time analysis. Here, the primary focus is on wearable and implantable electronic devices that continuously measure cortisol concentration. Diverse types of cortisol-sensing techniques, such as antibody-, DNA-aptamer-, and molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors, as well as wearable and implantable devices that aim to continuously monitor cortisol in a minimally invasive fashion are discussed. In addition to the cortisol monitors that directly measure stress levels, other schemes that indirectly measure stress, such as electrophysiological signals and sweat are also summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions in stress monitoring and management electronics are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehyung Ok
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yei Hwan Jung
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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26
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Casado N, Fernandez M, Garcia-Esnaola A, Calvo J, Mantione D, Calvo MR, Cortajarena AL. Engineering Proteins for PEDOT Dispersions: A New Horizon for Highly Mixed Ionic-Electronic Biocompatible Conducting Materials. Small 2023:e2307536. [PMID: 38126666 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) is the most used conducting polymer from energy to biomedical applications. Despite its exceptional properties, there is a need for developing new materials that can improve some of its inherent limitations, e.g., biocompatibility. In this context, doping PEDOT is propose with a robust recombinant protein with tunable properties, the consensus tetratricopeptide repeated protein (CTPR). The doping consists of an oxidative polymerization, where the PEDOT chains are stabilized by the negative charges of the CTPR protein. CTPR proteins are evaluated with three different lengths (3, 10, and 20 identical CTPR units) and optimized varied synthetic conditions. These findings revealed higher doping rate and oxidized state of the PEDOT chains when doped with the smallest scaffold (CTPR3). These PEDOT:CTPR hybrids possess ionic and electronic conductivity. Notably, PEDOT:CTPR3 displayed an electronic conductivity of 0.016 S cm-1 , higher than any other reported protein-doped PEDOT. This result places PEDOT:CTPR3 at the level of PEDOT-biopolymer hybrids, and brings it closer in performance to PEDOT:PSS gold standard. Furthermore, PEDOT:CTPR3 dispersion is successfully optimized for inkjet printing, preserving its electroactivity properties after printing. This approach opens the door to the use of these novel hybrids for bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Maxence Fernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Andrea Garcia-Esnaola
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Javier Calvo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Maria Reyes Calvo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante (IUMA), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
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27
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Duan W, Robles UA, Poole-Warren L, Esrafilzadeh D. Bioelectronic Neural Interfaces: Improving Neuromodulation Through Organic Conductive Coatings. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2306275. [PMID: 38115740 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Integration of bioelectronic devices in clinical practice is expanding rapidly, focusing on conditions ranging from sensory to neurological and mental health disorders. While platinum (Pt) electrodes in neuromodulation devices such as cochlear implants and deep brain stimulators have shown promising results, challenges still affect their long-term performance. Key among these are electrode and device longevity in vivo, and formation of encapsulating fibrous tissue. To overcome these challenges, organic conductors with unique chemical and physical properties are being explored. They hold great promise as coatings for neural interfaces, offering more rapid regulatory pathways and clinical implementation than standalone bioelectronics. This study provides a comprehensive review of the potential benefits of organic coatings in neuromodulation electrodes and the challenges that limit their effective integration into existing devices. It discusses issues related to metallic electrode use and introduces physical, electrical, and biological properties of organic coatings applied in neuromodulation. Furthermore, previously reported challenges related to organic coating stability, durability, manufacturing, and biocompatibility are thoroughly reviewed and proposed coating adhesion mechanisms are summarized. Understanding organic coating properties, modifications, and current challenges of organic coatings in clinical and industrial settings is expected to provide valuable insights for their future development and integration into organic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Duan
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Laura Poole-Warren
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Tyree Foundation Institute of Health Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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28
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Wang W, Ka SGS, Pan Y, Sheng Y, Huang YYS. Biointerface Fiber Technology from Electrospinning to Inflight Printing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 38109220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Building two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) micro- and nanofibril structures with designable patterns and functionalities will offer exciting prospects for numerous applications spanning from permeable bioelectronics to tissue engineering scaffolds. This Spotlight on Applications highlights recent technological advances in fiber printing and patterning with functional materials for biointerfacing applications. We first introduce the current state of development of micro- and nanofibers with applications in biology and medical wearables. We then describe our contributions in developing a series of fiber printing techniques that enable the patterning of functional fiber architectures in three dimensions. These fiber printing techniques expand the material library and device designs, which underpin technological capabilities from enabling fundamental studies in cell migration to customizable and ecofriendly fabrication of sensors. Finally, we provide an outlook on the strategic pathways for developing the next-generation bioelectronics and "Fiber-of-Things" (FoT) using nano/micro-fibers as architectural building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Gong Sheng Ka
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yifei Pan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
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29
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Zhao Y, Zhong W. Recent Progress in Advanced Polyester Elastomers for Tissue Engineering and Bioelectronics. Molecules 2023; 28:8025. [PMID: 38138515 PMCID: PMC10745526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyester elastomers are highly flexible and elastic materials that have demonstrated considerable potential in various biomedical applications including cardiac, vascular, neural, and bone tissue engineering and bioelectronics. Polyesters are desirable candidates for future commercial implants due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, tunable mechanical properties, and facile synthesis and fabrication methods. The incorporation of bioactive components further improves the therapeutic effects of polyester elastomers in biomedical applications. In this review, novel structural modification methods that contribute to outstanding mechanical behaviors of polyester elastomers are discussed. Recent advances in the application of polyester elastomers in tissue engineering and bioelectronics are outlined and analyzed. A prospective of the future research and development on polyester elastomers is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhao
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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30
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Mahapatra S, Kumari R, Chandra P. Printed circuit boards: system automation and alternative matrix for biosensing. Trends Biotechnol 2023:S0167-7799(23)00324-4. [PMID: 38052681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Circuit integration has revolutionized the diagnostic sector by improving the sensing ability and rapidity of biosensors. Bioelectronics has led to the development of point-of-care (PoC) devices, offering superior performance compared with conventional biosensing systems. These devices have lower production costs, are smaller, and have greater reproducibility, enabling the construction of compact sensing modules. Flexible upgrades to the fabrication pattern of the printed circuit board (PCB) remains the most reliable and consistent means so far, offering portability, wearability, a lower detection limit, and smart output integration to these devices. This review summarizes the advances in PCB technology for biosensing devices for introducing automation and their emerging application as an alternative matrix material for detecting various analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mahapatra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rohini Kumari
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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31
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Ma J, Majmudar A, Tian B. Bridging the Gap-Thermofluidic Designs for Precision Bioelectronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302431. [PMID: 37975642 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, the merging of biology and electronics, can monitor and modulate biological behaviors across length and time scales with unprecedented capability. Current bioelectronics research largely focuses on devices' mechanical properties and electronic designs. However, the thermofluidic control is often overlooked, which is noteworthy given the discipline's importance in almost all bioelectronics processes. It is believed that integrating thermofluidic designs into bioelectronics is essential to align device precision with the complexity of biofluids and biological structures. This perspective serves as a mini roadmap for researchers in both fields to introduce key principles, applications, and challenges in both bioelectronics and thermofluids domains. Important interdisciplinary opportunities for the development of future healthcare devices and precise bioelectronics will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aman Majmudar
- The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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32
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Mariello M, Eş I, Proctor CM. Soft and Flexible Bioelectronic Micro-Systems for Electronically Controlled Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302969. [PMID: 37924224 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The concept of targeted and controlled drug delivery, which directs treatment to precise anatomical sites, offers benefits such as fewer side effects, reduced toxicity, optimized dosages, and quicker responses. However, challenges remain to engineer dependable systems and materials that can modulate host tissue interactions and overcome biological barriers. To stay aligned with advancements in healthcare and precision medicine, novel approaches and materials are imperative to improve effectiveness, biocompatibility, and tissue compliance. Electronically controlled drug delivery (ECDD) has recently emerged as a promising approach to calibrated drug delivery with spatial and temporal precision. This article covers recent breakthroughs in soft, flexible, and adaptable bioelectronic micro-systems designed for ECDD. It overviews the most widely reported operational modes, materials engineering strategies, electronic interfaces, and characterization techniques associated with ECDD systems. Further, it delves into the pivotal applications of ECDD in wearable, ingestible, and implantable medical devices. Finally, the discourse extends to future prospects and challenges for ECDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mariello
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ismail Eş
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christopher M Proctor
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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33
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He E, Ren J, Wang L, Li F, Li L, Ye T, Jiao Y, Li D, Wang J, Wang Y, Gao R, Zhang Y. A Mitochondrion-Inspired Magnesium-Oxygen Biobattery with High Energy Density In Vivo. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304141. [PMID: 37478834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Implantable batteries are urgently needed as a power source to meet the demands of the next generation of biomedical electronic devices. However, existing implantable batteries suffer from unsatisfactory energy density, hindering the miniaturization of these devices. Here, a mitochondrion-inspired magnesium-oxygen biobattery that achieves both high energy density and biocompatibility in vivo is reported. The resulting biobattery exhibits a recorded energy density of 2517 Wh L-1 /1491 Wh kg-1 based on the total volume/mass of the device in vivo, which is ≈2.5 times higher than the current state-of-the-art, and can adapt to different environments for stable discharges. The volume of the magnesium-oxygen biobattery can be as thin as 0.015 mm3 and can be scaled up to 400 times larger without reducing the energy density. Additionally, it shows a stable biobattery/tissue interface, significantly reducing foreign body reactions. This work presents an effective strategy for the development of high-performance implantable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junye Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lie Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fangyan Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Luhe Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiding Jiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanzhen Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry, Biomedicine Innovation Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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34
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Fidanovski K, Gu M, Travaglini L, Lauto A, Mawad D. Self-Doping and Self-Acid-Doping of Conjugated Polymer Bioelectronics: The Case for Accuracy in Nomenclature. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302354. [PMID: 37883783 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are enabling the development of flexible bioelectronics, largely driven by their organic nature which facilitates modification and tuning to suit a variety of applications. As organic semiconductors, conjugated polymers require a dopant to exhibit electrical conductivity, which in physiological conditions can result in dopant loss and thereby deterioration in electronic properties. To overcome this challenge, "self-doped" and self-acid-doped conjugated polymers having ionized pendant groups covalently bound to their backbone are being developed. The ionized group in a "self-doped" polymer behaves as the counterion that maintains electroneutrality, while an external dopant is required to induce charge transfer. The ionized group in a self-acid-doped polymer induces charge transfer and behaves as the counterion balancing the charges. Despite their doping processes being different, the two terms, self-doped and self-acid-doped, are often used interchangeably in the literature. Here, the differences are highlighted in the doping mechanisms of self-doped and self-acid-doped polymers, and it is proposed that the term "self-doped" should be replaced by "self-compensated," while reserving the term self-acid-doped for polymers that are intrinsically doped without the need of an external dopant. This is followed by a summary of examples of self-acid-doping in bioelectronics, highlighting their stability in the conductive state under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fidanovski
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Modi Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Travaglini
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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35
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Krishnan SR, Liu C, Bochenek MA, Bose S, Khatib N, Walters B, O’Keeffe L, Facklam A, Langer R, Anderson DG. A wireless, battery-free device enables oxygen generation and immune protection of therapeutic xenotransplants in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311707120. [PMID: 37738292 PMCID: PMC10556620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311707120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune isolation of cells within devices has the potential to enable long-term protein replacement and functional cures for a range of diseases, without requiring immune suppressive therapy. However, a lack of vasculature and the formation of fibrotic capsules around cell immune-isolating devices limits oxygen availability, leading to hypoxia and cell death in vivo. This is particularly problematic for pancreatic islet cells that have high O2 requirements. Here, we combine bioelectronics with encapsulated cell therapies to develop the first wireless, battery-free oxygen-generating immune-isolating device (O2-Macrodevice) for the oxygenation and immune isolation of cells in vivo. The system relies on electrochemical water splitting based on a water-vapor reactant feed, sustained by wireless power harvesting based on a flexible resonant inductive coupling circuit. As such, the device does not require pumping, refilling, or ports for recharging and does not generate potentially toxic side products. Through systematic in vitro studies with primary cell lines and cell lines engineered to secrete protein, we demonstrate device performance in preventing hypoxia in ambient oxygen concentrations as low as 0.5%. Importantly, this device has shown the potential to enable subcutaneous (SC) survival of encapsulated islet cells, in vivo in awake, freely moving, immune-competent animals. Islet transplantation in Type I Diabetes represents an important application space, and 1-mo studies in immune-competent animals with SC implants show that the O2-Macrodevice allows for survival and function of islets at high densities (~1,000 islets/cm2) in vivo without immune suppression and induces normoglycemia in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth R. Krishnan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Claudia Liu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Matthew A. Bochenek
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Suman Bose
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Nima Khatib
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Ben Walters
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Laura O’Keeffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Amanda Facklam
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Bioengineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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36
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Genco E, Modena F, Sarcina L, Björkström K, Brunetti C, Caironi M, Caputo M, Demartis VM, Di Franco C, Frusconi G, Haeberle L, Larizza P, Mancini MT, Österbacka R, Reeves W, Scamarcio G, Scandurra C, Wheeler M, Cantatore E, Esposito I, Macchia E, Torricelli F, Viola FA, Torsi L. A Single-Molecule Bioelectronic Portable Array for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer Precursors. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304102. [PMID: 37452695 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A cohort of 47 patients is screened for pancreatic cancer precursors with a portable 96-well bioelectronic sensing-array for single-molecule assay in cysts fluid and blood plasma, deployable at point-of-care (POC). Pancreatic cancer precursors are mucinous cysts diagnosed with a sensitivity of at most 80% by state-of-the-art cytopathological molecular analyses (e.g., KRASmut DNA). Adding the simultaneous assay of proteins related to malignant transformation (e.g., MUC1 and CD55) is deemed essential to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The bioelectronic array proposed here, based on single-molecule-with-a-large-transistor (SiMoT) technology, can assay both nucleic acids and proteins at the single-molecule limit-of-identification (LOI) (1% of false-positives and false-negatives). It comprises an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like 8 × 12-array organic-electronics disposable cartridge with an electrolyte-gated organic transistor sensor array, and a reusable reader, integrating a custom Si-IC chip, operating via software installed on a USB-connected smart device. The cartridge is complemented by a 3D-printed sensing gate cover plate. KRASmut , MUC1, and CD55 biomarkers either in plasma or cysts-fluid from 5 to 6 patients at a time, are multiplexed at single-molecule LOI in 1.5 h. The pancreatic cancer precursors are classified via a machine-learning analysis resulting in at least 96% diagnostic-sensitivity and 100% diagnostic-specificity. This preliminary study opens the way to POC liquid-biopsy-based early diagnosis of pancreatic-cancer precursors in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Genco
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Modena
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Lucia Sarcina
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 20125, Italy
| | - Kim Björkström
- The Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | | | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
| | - Mariapia Caputo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Virginia Maria Demartis
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Frusconi
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Lena Haeberle
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Piero Larizza
- Masmec Biomed - Masmec SpA division, Modugno (BA), 70026, Italy
| | | | - Ronald Österbacka
- The Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | | | - Gaetano Scamarcio
- CNR IFN, Bari, 70126, Italy
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Cecilia Scandurra
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 20125, Italy
| | - May Wheeler
- FlexEnable Technology Ltd, Cambridge, CB4 0FX, UK
| | - Eugenio Cantatore
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Eleonora Macchia
- The Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20500, Finland
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonio Viola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milan, 20134, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre for Colloid and Surface Science, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 20125, Italy
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37
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Jia Y, Wang M, Cai H. Editorial: Advanced nano-bio interfaces for biosensing and diagnostics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1296849. [PMID: 37840665 PMCID: PMC10572341 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1296849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jia
- Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Wang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haogang Cai
- Department of Radiology, Tech4Health Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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38
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Ilkhanizadeh S, Gracias A, Åslund AK, Bäck M, Simon R, Kavanagh E, Migliori B, Neofytou C, Nelander S, Westermark B, Uhrbom L, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Konradsson P, Teixeira AI, Uhlén P, Joseph B, Hermanson O, Nilsson KPR. Live Detection of Neural Progenitors and Glioblastoma Cells by an Oligothiophene Derivative. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:3790-3797. [PMID: 37647213 PMCID: PMC10521023 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for simple and non-invasive identification of live neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the developing and adult brain as well as in disease, such as in brain tumors, due to the potential clinical importance in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Here, we report a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene (LCO), named p-HTMI, for non-invasive and non-amplified real-time detection of live human patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell-like cells and NSPCs. While p-HTMI stained only a small fraction of other cell types investigated, the mere addition of p-HTMI to the cell culture resulted in efficient detection of NSPCs or GBM cells from rodents and humans within minutes. p-HTMI is functionalized with a methylated imidazole moiety resembling the side chain of histidine/histamine, and non-methylated analogues were not functional. Cell sorting experiments of human GBM cells demonstrated that p-HTMI labeled the same cell population as CD271, a proposed marker for stem cell-like cells and rapidly migrating cells in glioblastoma. Our results suggest that the LCO p-HTMI is a versatile tool for immediate and selective detection of neural and glioma stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Gracias
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Andreas K.O. Åslund
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bäck
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Rozalyn Simon
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bianca Migliori
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christina Neofytou
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Ana I. Teixeira
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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39
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Waataja JJ, Asp AJ, Billington CJ. Combining Celiac and Hepatic Vagus Nerve Neuromodulation Reverses Glucose Intolerance and Improves Glycemic Control in Pre- and Overt-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2452. [PMID: 37760895 PMCID: PMC10525327 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are deeply intertwined. For example, autonomic neuropathy contributes to the development of T2DM and continued unmanaged T2DM causes further progression of nerve damage. Increasing glycemic control has been shown to prevent the onset and progression of diabetic autonomic neuropathies. Neuromodulation consisting of combined stimulation of celiac vagal fibers innervating the pancreas with concurrent electrical blockade of neuronal hepatic vagal fibers innervating the liver has been shown to increase glycemic control in animal models of T2DM. The present study demonstrated that the neuromodulation reversed glucose intolerance in alloxan-treated swine in both pre- and overt stages of T2DM. This was demonstrated by improved performance on oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), as assessed by area under the curve (AUC). In prediabetic swine (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) range: 101-119 mg/dL) the median AUC decreased from 31.9 AUs (IQR = 28.6, 35.5) to 15.9 AUs (IQR = 15.1, 18.3) p = 0.004. In diabetic swine (FPG range: 133-207 mg/dL) the median AUC decreased from 54.2 AUs (IQR = 41.5, 56.6) to 16.0 AUs (IQR = 15.4, 21.5) p = 0.003. This neuromodulation technique may offer a new treatment for T2DM and reverse glycemic dysregulation at multiple states of T2DM involved in diabetic neuropathy including at its development and during progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders J. Asp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55605, USA
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40
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Miglbauer E, Abdullaeva OS, Gryszel M, Głowacki ED. Faradaic Fenton Pixel: Reactive Oxygen Species Delivery Using Au/Cr Electrochemistry. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300353. [PMID: 37184620 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an integral part of many anticancer therapies. Fenton-like processes involving reactions of peroxides with transition metal ions are a particularly potent and tunable subset of ROS approaches. Precise on-demand dosing of the Fenton reaction is an area of great interest. Herein, we present a concept of an electrochemical faradaic pixel that produces controlled amounts of ROS via a Fenton-like process. The pixel comprises a cathode and anode, where the cathode reduces dissolved oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The anode is made of chromium, which is electrochemically corroded to yield chromium ions. Peroxide and chromium interact to form a highly oxidizing mixture of hydroxyl radicals and hexavalent Cr ions. After benchmarking the electrochemical properties of this type of device, we demonstrate how it can be used under in vitro conditions with a cancer cell line. The faradaic Fenton pixel is a general and scalable concept that can be used for on-demand delivery of redox-active products for controlling a physiological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Miglbauer
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Bredgatan 33, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Oliya S Abdullaeva
- Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maciej Gryszel
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Bredgatan 33, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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41
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de Rijk SR, Boys AJ, Roberts IV, Jiang C, Garcia C, Owens RM, Bance M. Tissue-Engineered Cochlear Fibrosis Model Links Complex Impedance to Fibrosis Formation for Cochlear Implant Patients. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300732. [PMID: 37310792 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cochlear implants are a life-changing technology for those with severe sensorineural hearing loss, partially restoring hearing through direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. However, they are known to elicit an immune response resulting in fibrotic tissue formation in the cochlea that is linked to residual hearing loss and suboptimal outcomes. Intracochlear fibrosis is difficult to track without postmortem histology, and no specific electrical marker for fibrosis exists. In this study, a tissue-engineered model of cochlear fibrosis is developed following implant placement to examine the electrical characteristics associated with fibrotic tissue formation around electrodes. The model is characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and an increase in the resistance and a decrease in capacitance of the tissue using a representative circuit are found. This result informs a new marker of fibrosis progression over time that is extractable from voltage waveform responses, which can be directly measured in cochlear implant patients. This marker is tested in a small sample size of recently implanted cochlear implant patients, showing a significant increase over two postoperative timepoints. Using this system, complex impedance is demonstrated as a marker of fibrosis progression that is directly measurable from cochlear implants to enable real-time tracking of fibrosis formation in patients, creating opportunities for earlier treatment intervention to improve cochlear implant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone R de Rijk
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Cambridge, CB2 8AF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3 EB, UK
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Cambridge, CB2 8AF, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Iwan V Roberts
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Cambridge, CB2 8AF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3 EB, UK
| | - Chen Jiang
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Cambridge, CB2 8AF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3 EB, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Charlotte Garcia
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Cambridge, CB2 8AF, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Cambridge, CB2 8AF, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Manohar Bance
- Cambridge Hearing Group, Cambridge, CB2 8AF, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3 EB, UK
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42
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Matthews CJ, Patrick WM. An enzyme-centric approach for constructing an amperometric l-malate biosensor with a long and programmable linear range. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4743. [PMID: 37515423 PMCID: PMC10451018 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
l-Malate is a key flavor enhancer and acidulant in the food and beverage industry, particularly winemaking. Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors offer convenience for monitoring its concentration. However, only a small number of off-the-shelf malate-oxidizing enzymes have been used in previous devices. These typically have linear ranges poorly suited for the l-malate concentrations found in fruit processing and winemaking, making it necessary to use precisely diluted samples. Here, we describe a pipeline of database-mining, gene synthesis, recombinant expression, and spectrophotometric assays to characterize previously untested enzymes for their suitability in biosensors. The pipeline yielded a bespoke biocatalyst-the Ascaris suum malic enzyme carrying mutation R181Q [AsME(R181Q)]. Our first prototype with AsME(R181Q) had an ultra-wide linear range of 50-200 mM l-malate, corresponding to concentrations found in undiluted fruit juices (including grape). Changing the dication from Mg2+ to Mn2+ increased sensitivity five-fold and adding citrate (100 mM) increased it another six-fold, albeit decreasing the linear range to 1-10 mM. To our knowledge, this is the first time an l-malate biosensor with a tuneable combination of sensitivity and linear range has been described. The sensor response was also tested in the presence of various molecules abundant in juices and wines, with ascorbate shown to be a potent interferent. Interference was mitigated by the addition of ascorbate oxidase, allowing for differential measurements on an undiluted, untreated wine sample that corresponded well with commercial l-malate testing kits. Overall, this work demonstrates the power of an enzyme-centric approach for designing electrochemical biosensors with improved operational parameters and novel functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Matthews
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Wayne M. Patrick
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
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43
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Cherian D, Roy A, Bersellini Farinotti A, Abrahamsson T, Arbring Sjöström T, Tybrandt K, Nilsson D, Berggren M, Svensson CI, Poxson DJ, Simon DT. Flexible Organic Electronic Ion Pump Fabricated Using Inkjet Printing and Microfabrication for Precision In Vitro Delivery of Bupivacaine. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300550. [PMID: 37069480 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious microprocessing techniques. Here, the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte is reported, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process and is used in the production of free-standing OEIPs on flexible polyimide (PI) substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and the ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by the transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Cherian
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Arghyamalya Roy
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | | | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Theresia Arbring Sjöström
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - David Nilsson
- Unit of Printed Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, 60221, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - David J Poxson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
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44
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Lyu X, Hu Y, Shi S, Wang S, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou K. Hydrogel Bioelectronics for Health Monitoring. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:815. [PMID: 37622901 PMCID: PMC10452556 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are considered an ideal platform for personalized healthcare due to their unique characteristics, such as their outstanding softness, appealing biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, etc. Owing to the high similarity between hydrogels and biological tissues, hydrogels have emerged as a promising material candidate for next generation bioelectronic interfaces. In this review, we discuss (i) the introduction of hydrogel and its traditional applications, (ii) the work principles of hydrogel in bioelectronics, (iii) the recent advances in hydrogel bioelectronics for health monitoring, and (iv) the outlook for future hydrogel bioelectronics' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Lyu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yan Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuai Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Siyuan Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Haowen Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
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45
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Voignac D, Belsey S, Wermter E, Paltiel Y, Shoseyov O. Biobased Electronics: Tunable Dielectric and Piezoelectric Cellulose Nanocrystal-Protein Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2258. [PMID: 37570575 PMCID: PMC10421335 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose has been a go-to material for its dielectric properties from the onset of capacitor development. The demand for an energy storage solution continues to grow, but the supply remains limited and relies too often on fossil and mined materials. This work proposes a fully sustainable and green method with which to produce dielectric thin films made of renewable and degradable materials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) made an excellent matrix for the dispersion of proteins and the fabrication of robust transparent thin films with enhanced dielectric permittivity. A range of proteins sources, additives and concentrations allowed for us to control the dielectric permittivity from εr = 4 to 50. The proteins screened came from animal and plant sources. The films were formed from drying a water suspension of the CNC and proteins through evaporation-induced self-assembly. This yielded nano-layered structures with very high specific surface areas, ideal for energy storage devices. The resulting films were characterized with respect to the electrical, mechanical, piezoelectric, and optical properties to be compared. Electrically conductive (σ = 1.53 × 103 S/m) CNC films were prepared with carbon nanotubes (CNT). The fabricated films were used to make flexible, sustainable, and degradable capacitors by layering protein-based films between CNC-CNT composite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Voignac
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.V.); (S.B.)
- Department of Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Shylee Belsey
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.V.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabeth Wermter
- Faculty 5, HSB—City University of Applied Sciences, 28199 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department of Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.V.); (S.B.)
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46
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Garg R, Driscoll N, Shankar S, Hullfish T, Anselmino E, Iberite F, Averbeck S, Rana M, Micera S, Baxter JR, Vitale F. Wearable High-Density MXene- Bioelectronics for Neuromuscular Diagnostics, Rehabilitation, and Assistive Technologies. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201318. [PMID: 36571435 PMCID: PMC10291010 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) allows noninvasive muscle monitoring and disease diagnosis. Clinical translation of current HDsEMG technologies is hampered by cost, limited scalability, low usability, and minimal spatial coverage. Here, this study presents, validates, and demonstrates the broad clinical applicability of dry wearable MXene HDsEMG arrays (MXtrodes) fabricated from safe and scalable liquid-phase processing of Ti3 C2 Tx . The fabrication scheme allows easy customization of array geometry to match subject anatomy, while the gel-free and minimal skin preparation enhance usability and comfort. The low impedance and high conductivity of the MXtrode arrays allow detection of the activity of large muscle groups at higher quality and spatial resolution than state-of-the-art wireless electromyography sensors, and in realistic clinical scenarios. To demonstrate the clinical applicability of MXtrodes in the context of neuromuscular diagnostics and rehabilitation, simultaneous HDsEMG and biomechanical mapping of muscle groups across the whole calf during various tasks, ranging from controlled contractions to walking is shown. Finally, the integration of HDsEMG acquired with MXtrodes with a machine learning pipeline and the accurate prediction of the phases of human gait are shown. The results underscore the advantages and translatability of MXene-based wearable bioelectronics for studying neuromuscular function and disease, as well as for precision rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Garg
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center of Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicolette Driscoll
- Center of Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sneha Shankar
- Center of Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Todd Hullfish
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eugenio Anselmino
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Iberite
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pisa, Italy
| | - Spencer Averbeck
- Center of Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Manini Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025, Pisa, Italy
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josh R Baxter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center of Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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47
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Lin D, Lee JM, Wang C, Park HG, Lieber CM. Injectable Ventral Spinal Stimulator Evokes Programmable and Biomimetic Hindlimb Motion. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37338198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord neuromodulation can restore partial to complete loss of motor functions associated with neuromotor disease and trauma. Current technologies have made substantial progress but have limitations as dorsal epidural or intraspinal devices that are either remote to ventral motor neurons or subject to surgical intervention in the spinal tissue. Here, we describe a flexible and stretchable spinal stimulator design with nanoscale thickness that can be implanted by minimally invasive injection through a polymeric catheter to target the ventral spinal space of mice. Ventrolaterally implanted devices exhibited substantially lower stimulation threshold currents and more precise recruitment of motor pools than did comparable dorsal epidural implants. Functionally relevant and novel hindlimb movements were achieved via specific stimulation patterns of the electrodes. This approach holds translational potential for improving controllable limb function following spinal cord injury or neuromotor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingchang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chonghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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48
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Kim S, Park YG, Kim JY, Kim E, Lee DH, Lee JH, Cheon J, Park JU. Magnetic Manipulation of Locomotive Liquid Electrodes for Wireless Active Cardiac Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37283562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For electrocardiogram (ECG) detection, the position of conventional patch-type electrodes based on solid-state metals are difficult to manipulate after attachment and also can lead to poor interface with stretchable, rough skin surfaces. Herein, we present a liquid form of ECG electrodes that can be magnetically reconfigured on human skin by providing its conformal interfacing. These electrodes consist of biocompatible liquid-metal droplets where magnetic particles are homogeneously dispersed, and their conformal contact with skin can yield significantly low impedance as well as high signal-to-noise ratio of ECG peaks. These electrodes are also capable of complex motions such as linear movements, splitting, and merging under external magnetic fields. Furthermore, magnetic manipulation of each electrode position on human skin enables precise monitoring of ECG signals with the change in ECG vectors. The integration of liquid-state electrodes with electronic circuitry demonstrates wireless and continuous ECG monitoring while magnetically moving this entire system on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KIURI Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for NanoMedicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for NanoMedicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for NanoMedicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for NanoMedicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KIURI Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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49
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Lin Z, Kireev D, Liu N, Gupta S, LaPiano J, Obaid SN, Chen Z, Akinwande D, Efimov IR. Graphene Biointerface for Cardiac Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2212190. [PMID: 36965107 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart rhythm disorders, known as arrhythmias, cause significant morbidity and are one of the leading causes of mortality. Cardiac arrhythmias are frequently treated by implantable devices, such as pacemakers and defibrillators, or by ablation therapy guided by electroanatomical mapping. Both implantable and ablation therapies require sophisticated biointerfaces for electrophysiological measurements of electrograms and delivery of therapeutic stimulation or ablation energy. In this work, a graphene biointerface for in vivo cardiac electrophysiology is reported for the first time. Leveraging sub-micrometer-thick tissue-conformable graphene arrays, sensing and stimulation of the open mammalian heart are demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the graphene biointerface treatment of atrioventricular block (the kind of arrhythmia where the electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles is interrupted) is demonstrated. The graphene arrays show effective electrochemical properties, namely interface impedance down to 40 Ω cm2 at 1 kHz, charge storage capacity up to 63.7 mC cm-2 , and charge injection capacity up to 704 µC cm-2 . Transparency of the graphene structures allows for simultaneous optical mapping of cardiac action potentials, calcium transients, and optogenetic stimulation while performing electrical measurements and stimulation. The report presents evidence of the significant potential of graphene biointerfaces for advanced cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Shubham Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jessica LaPiano
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Sofian N Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
- Microelectronics Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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50
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Aung HH, Qi Z, Niu Y, Guo Y. Rapid Production of Carbon Nanotube Film for Bioelectronic Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13111749. [PMID: 37299652 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have enormous potential for applications that are not achievable in standard electronics. In particular, important technological advances have been made in terms of their performance characteristics and potential range of applications, ranging from medical care, packaging, lighting and signage, consumer electronics, and alternative energy. In this study, we develop a novel method for fabricating flexible conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) films on various substrates. The fabricated conductive CNT films exhibited satisfactory conductivity, flexibility, and durability. The conductivity of the conductive CNT film was maintained at the same level of sheet resistance after bending cycles. The fabrication process is dry, solution-free, and convenient for mass production. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that CNTs were uniformly dispersed over the substrate. The prepared conductive CNT film was applied to collect an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, which showed good performance compared to traditional electrodes. The conductive CNT film determined the long-term stability of the electrodes under bending or other mechanical stresses. The well-demonstrated fabrication process for flexible conductive CNT films has great potential in the field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Htet Aung
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiying Qi
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Guo
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
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