1
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Enlund S, Sinha I, Neofytou C, Amor AR, Papadakis K, Nilsson A, Jiang Q, Hermanson O, Holm F. The CNS microenvironment promotes leukemia cell survival by disrupting tumor suppression and cell cycle regulation in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:114015. [PMID: 38561062 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A major obstacle in improving survival in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is understanding how to predict and treat leukemia relapse in the CNS. Leukemia cells are capable of infiltrating and residing within the CNS, primarily the leptomeninges, where they interact with the microenvironment and remain sheltered from systemic treatment. These cells can survive in the CNS, by hijacking the microenvironment and disrupting normal functions, thus promoting malignant transformation. While the protective effects of the bone marrow niche have been widely studied, the mechanisms behind leukemia infiltration into the CNS and the role of the CNS niche in leukemia cell survival remain unknown. We identified a dysregulated gene expression profile in CNS infiltrated T-ALL and CNS relapse, promoting cell survival, chemoresistance, and disease progression. Furthermore, we discovered that interactions between leukemia cells and human meningeal cells induced epigenetic alterations, such as changes in histone modifications, including H3K36me3 levels. These findings are a step towards understanding the molecular mechanisms promoting leukemia cell survival in the CNS microenvironment. Our results highlight genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by interactions between leukemia cells and the CNS niche, which could potentially be utilized as biomarkers to predict CNS infiltration and CNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Enlund
- Deparment of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Deparment of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Neofytou
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Ramilo Amor
- Deparment of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Papadakis
- Deparment of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Deparment of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingfei Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frida Holm
- Deparment of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Ilkhanizadeh S, Gracias A, Åslund AK, Bäck M, Simon R, Kavanagh E, Migliori B, Neofytou C, Nelander S, Westermark B, Uhrbom L, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Konradsson P, Teixeira AI, Uhlén P, Joseph B, Hermanson O, Nilsson KPR. Live Detection of Neural Progenitors and Glioblastoma Cells by an Oligothiophene Derivative. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:3790-3797. [PMID: 37647213 PMCID: PMC10521023 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for simple and non-invasive identification of live neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the developing and adult brain as well as in disease, such as in brain tumors, due to the potential clinical importance in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Here, we report a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene (LCO), named p-HTMI, for non-invasive and non-amplified real-time detection of live human patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) stem cell-like cells and NSPCs. While p-HTMI stained only a small fraction of other cell types investigated, the mere addition of p-HTMI to the cell culture resulted in efficient detection of NSPCs or GBM cells from rodents and humans within minutes. p-HTMI is functionalized with a methylated imidazole moiety resembling the side chain of histidine/histamine, and non-methylated analogues were not functional. Cell sorting experiments of human GBM cells demonstrated that p-HTMI labeled the same cell population as CD271, a proposed marker for stem cell-like cells and rapidly migrating cells in glioblastoma. Our results suggest that the LCO p-HTMI is a versatile tool for immediate and selective detection of neural and glioma stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Gracias
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Andreas K.O. Åslund
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bäck
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Rozalyn Simon
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bianca Migliori
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christina Neofytou
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department
of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory,
Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Ana I. Teixeira
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- IFM,
Department of Chemistry, Linköping
University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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3
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Neofytou C, Backlund A, Blomgren K, Hermanson O. Irradiation and lithium treatment alter the global DNA methylation pattern and gene expression underlying a shift from gliogenesis towards neurogenesis in human neural progenitors. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:258. [PMID: 37443041 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors account for almost a third of pediatric cancers and are the largest contributor to cancer-related death in children. Cranial radiation therapy (CRT) is, often in combination with chemotherapy and surgery, effective in the treatment of high-grade childhood brain cancers, but it has been associated with late complications in 50-90% of survivors, such as decline in cognition and mood, decreased social competence, and fatigue. A leading hypothesis to explain the decline in cognition, at least partially, is injury to the neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs), which leads to apoptosis and altered fate choice, favoring gliogenesis over neurogenesis. Hence, treatments harnessing neurogenesis are of great relevance in this context. Lithium, a well-known mood stabilizer, has neuroprotective and antitumor effects and has been found to reverse irradiation-induced damage in rodents, at least in part by regulating the expression of the glutamate decarboxylase 2 gene (Gad2) via promoter demethylation in rat NSPCs. Additionally, lithium was shown to rescue irradiation-induced cognitive defects in mice. Here, we show that irradiation (IR) alone or in combination with lithium chloride (LiCl) caused major changes in gene expression and global DNA methylation in iPSC-derived human NSPCs (hNSPCs) compared to untreated cells, as well as LiCl-only-treated cells. The pattern of DNA methylation changes after IR-treatment alone was stochastic and observed across many different gene groups, whereas differences in DNA methylation after LiCl-treatment of irradiated cells were more directed to specific promoters of genes, including genes associated with neurogenesis, for example GAD2. Interestingly, IR and IR + LiCl treatment affected the promoter methylation and expression of several genes encoding factors involved in BMP signaling, including the BMP antagonist gremlin1. We propose that lithium in addition to promoting neuronal differentiation, also represses glial differentiation in hNSPCs with DNA methylation regulation being a key mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Neofytou
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alexandra Backlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Persson O, Neofytou C, Keane L, Jensdottir M, Joseph B, Hermanson O, Ilkhanizadeh S. STEM-14. NEAR-INSTANT DETECTION OF GLIOMA STEM CELLS IN LIVE HUMAN GBM-TISSUE. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9660836 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Emerging research suggests that failure to target glioma stem cells (GSCs) rather than the inability to remove tumors through surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, explains the poor survival of GBM patients. In this study, a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene (LCO), named GlioStem (p-HTMI), is used for non-invasive and non-amplified real-time detection of GSCs in live human GBM-tissue. More than 90 patient samples were stained, quantified, and analyzed by fluorescent microscopy for the presence of Gliostem-positive (GS+) cells. Approximately 30 of the samples were FACS-sorted for GS+ and GS- cells where quantification by FACS could verify microscopy results. In addition, GS+ cells were shown to express significantly higher levels of stem cell markers (CD271, CD133, PDGFRa, CD44) in FACS-experiments. Bulk RNA sequencing of 7 GBM patient samples with paired GS+ and GS- sorted cells revealed that GS+ patient samples clustered together, whereas the GS- populations did not cluster together neither with each other nor with the GS+ populations. These data suggest a distinct heterogeneity in the GS- samples and a certain level of homogeneity regarding the GS+ populations, independent of intra-patient or patient-to-patient heterogeneity. Moreover, the GS+ samples were found to express significantly higher levels of stem cell markers including SOX10, OLIG1/2, and ASCL1, compared to the GS- samples. More specifically, the GS+ samples exhibited significantly higher expression of 35 genes associated with stemness compared to the GS- samples, with most markers being associated with pre-oligodendrocyte precursor cells (pre-OPCs) and pro-neural subtypes. Our results suggest that GlioStem is a versatile tool for near-instant and selective detection of GSCs in live tumor tissue. Detecting and eliminating these cells during tumor resection may therefore be an important aim in efficiently preventing tumor regrowth and would mean a crucial step towards increased patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lily Keane
- karolinska Institute, stockholm , Stockholms Lan , Sweden
| | | | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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5
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Ilkhanizadeh S, Gracias A, Åslund AKO, Bäck M, Simon R, Neofytou C, Rraklli V, Migliori B, Kavanagh E, Nelander S, Westermark B, Uhrbom L, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Teixeira AI, Konradsson P, Uhlén P, Holmberg J, Joseph B, Nilsson KPR, Hermanson O. STEM-19. LIVE DETECTION OF NEURAL STEM AND GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS BY A LUMINESCENT CONJUGATED OLIGOTHIOPHENE DERIVATIVE. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9660628 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive nervous system tumor with a mean survival time of 12-14 months. Cells with neural stem cell-like properties can be derived from GBM tumors. These cells seem to escape conventional irradiation treatment, chemotherapy, and surgery, and may play a crucial role for relapse. It is therefore urgent to develop novel approaches for reliable detection of neural stem cell-like cells in GBM. Here we report a luminescent conjugated oligothiophene (LCO), named GlioStem (p-HTMI), for non-invasive and non-amplified real-time detection of live human patient-derived GBM cells and embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Within a maximum of 10 minutes after administration of the molecule in vitro, in the existing media, fluorescence emission was observed without any modulation of the cells or additional vehicle, resulting in efficient detection of cytoplasmic luminescent signal in NSPCs or GBM cells from rodents and humans, detectable at Alexa488/GFP wavelength. GlioStem is functionalized with a methylated imidazole moiety resembling the side chain of histidine/histamine, and non-methylated analogues were not functional. In vitro, GlioStem was shown to identify fetal cortical NSPCs from rat (FGF2-expanded), embryonic stem cell-derived NSPCs from mouse (FGF2/EGF-expanded), and FGF2-exposed C6 glioma cell cultures from rat, but not any other cell types investigated. Cell sorting experiments of patient-derived, FGF2/EGF-expanded GBM cells demonstrated that GlioStem in addition to NSPC-markers like Nestin and Sox2 labeled the same population (overlap > 90%) of cells as CD271, a proposed marker for stem cell-like cells and rapidly migrating cells in glioblastoma. Our results suggest that the LCO GlioStem is a versatile tool for immediate and selective detection of subpopulations of neural stem and glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Gracias
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Marcus Bäck
- IFM, Department of Chemistry , Linköping , Sweden
| | | | | | - Vilma Rraklli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bianca Migliori
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Edel Kavanagh
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Uppsala University, Dept. Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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6
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Zanni G, Goto S, Fragopoulou AF, Gaudenzi G, Naidoo V, Di Martino E, Levy G, Dominguez CA, Dethlefsen O, Cedazo-Minguez A, Merino-Serrais P, Stamatakis A, Hermanson O, Blomgren K. Lithium treatment reverses irradiation-induced changes in rodent neural progenitors and rescues cognition. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:322-340. [PMID: 31723242 PMCID: PMC7815512 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cranial radiotherapy in children has detrimental effects on cognition, mood, and social competence in young cancer survivors. Treatments harnessing hippocampal neurogenesis are currently of great relevance in this context. Lithium, a well-known mood stabilizer, has both neuroprotective, pro-neurogenic as well as antitumor effects, and in the current study we introduced lithium treatment 4 weeks after irradiation. Female mice received a single 4 Gy whole-brain radiation dose on postnatal day (PND) 21 and were randomized to 0.24% Li2CO3 chow or normal chow from PND 49 to 77. Hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed on PND 77, 91, and 105. We found that lithium treatment had a pro-proliferative effect on neural progenitors, but neuronal integration occurred only after it was discontinued. Also, the treatment ameliorated deficits in spatial learning and memory retention observed in irradiated mice. Gene expression profiling and DNA methylation analysis identified two novel factors related to the observed effects, Tppp, associated with microtubule stabilization, and GAD2/65, associated with neuronal signaling. Our results show that lithium treatment reverses irradiation-induced loss of hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment even when introduced long after the injury. We propose that lithium treatment should be intermittent in order to first make neural progenitors proliferate and then, upon discontinuation, allow them to differentiate. Our findings suggest that pharmacological treatment of cognitive so-called late effects in childhood cancer survivors is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zanni
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Shinobu Goto
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 467-8601, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Adamantia F Fragopoulou
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Gaudenzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Nanobiotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road Observatory, 7925, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elena Di Martino
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Levy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecilia A Dominguez
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Dethlefsen
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NIBIS), Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (DBB), Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Merino-Serrais
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:20, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Papadiamantopoulou 123, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J9:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Eugeniavägen 23, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Karaca E, Li X, Lewicki J, Neofytou C, Guérout N, Barnabé-Heider F, Hermanson O. The corepressor CtBP2 is required for proper development of the mouse cerebral cortex. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 104:103481. [PMID: 32169478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex depends on numerous parameters, including extracellular cues and microenvironmental factors that also affect gene expression. C-Terminal Binding Proteins (CtBPs) 1 and 2 are transcriptional co-repressors which have been shown to be critically involved in embryonic development. CtBPs are oxygen sensing molecules, and we have previously demonstrated an important role for CtBP1 in integrating oxygen levels and BMP-signaling to influence neural progenitor fate choice. In turn, CtBP2 has been associated with neurodevelopment and neurological disease, and we have shown that CtBP2 acetylation and dimerization, required for proper transcriptional activity, are regulated by microenvironmental oxygen levels. Yet, the putative function of CtBP2 in mammalian cortical development and neurogenesis in vivo is still largely unknown. Here we show that CtBP2 was widely expressed by neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) as well as neurons during cortical development in mice. By using in utero electroporation of siRNA to reduce the levels of CtBP2 mRNA and protein in the developing mouse brain, we found that the NSPC proliferation and migration were largely perturbed, while glial differentiation under these conditions remained unchanged. Our study provides evidence that CtBP2 is required for the maintenance and migration of the NSPCs during mouse cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Karaca
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakub Lewicki
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nicolas Guérout
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA3830 GRHV, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | | | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Lewicki J, Bergman J, Kerins C, Hermanson O. Optimization of 3D bioprinting of human neuroblastoma cells using sodium alginate hydrogel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Raciti M, Salma J, Spulber S, Gaudenzi G, Khalajzeyqami Z, Conti M, Anderlid BM, Falk A, Hermanson O, Ceccatelli S. NRXN1 Deletion and Exposure to Methylmercury Increase Astrocyte Differentiation by Different Notch-Dependent Transcriptional Mechanisms. Front Genet 2019; 10:593. [PMID: 31316548 PMCID: PMC6610538 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversial evidence points to a possible involvement of methylmercury (MeHg) in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the present study, we used human neuroepithelial stem cells from healthy donors and from an autistic patient bearing a bi-allelic deletion in the gene encoding for NRXN1 to evaluate whether MeHg would induce cellular changes comparable to those seen in cells derived from the ASD patient. In healthy cells, a subcytotoxic concentration of MeHg enhanced astroglial differentiation similarly to what observed in the diseased cells (N1), as shown by the number of GFAP positive cells and immunofluorescence signal intensity. In both healthy MeHg-treated and N1 untreated cells, aberrations in Notch pathway activity seemed to play a critical role in promoting the differentiation toward glia. Accordingly, treatment with the established Notch inhibitor DAPT reversed the altered differentiation. Although our data are not conclusive since only one of the genes involved in ASD is considered, the results provide novel evidence suggesting that developmental exposure to MeHg, even at subcytotoxic concentrations, induces alterations in astroglial differentiation similar to those observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Raciti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jahan Salma
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Spulber
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Gaudenzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mirko Conti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Ceccatelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Rebellato P, Kaczynska D, Kanatani S, Rayyes IA, Zhang S, Villaescusa C, Falk A, Arenas E, Hermanson O, Louhivuori L, Uhlén P. The T-type Ca 2+ Channel Ca v3.2 Regulates Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells during Cortical Development via Caspase-3. Neuroscience 2019; 402:78-89. [PMID: 30677486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we report that the low-voltage-dependent T-type calcium (Ca2+) channel Cav3.2, encoded by the CACNA1H gene, regulates neuronal differentiation during early embryonic brain development through activating caspase-3. At the onset of neuronal differentiation, neural progenitor cells exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ activity. This activity strongly correlated with the upregulation of CACNA1H mRNA. Cells exhibiting robust spontaneous Ca2+ signaling had increased caspase-3 activity unrelated to apoptosis. Inhibition of Cav3.2 by drugs or viral CACNA1H knock down resulted in decreased caspase-3 activity followed by suppressed neurogenesis. In contrast, when CACNA1H was overexpressed, increased neurogenesis was detected. Cortical slices from Cacna1h knockout mice showed decreased spontaneous Ca2+ activity, a significantly lower protein level of cleaved caspase-3, and microanatomical abnormalities in the subventricular/ventricular and cortical plate zones when compared to their respective embryonic controls. In summary, we demonstrate a novel relationship between Cav3.2 and caspase-3 signaling that affects neurogenesis in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebellato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dagmara Kaczynska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shigeaki Kanatani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Al Rayyes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Villaescusa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauri Louhivuori
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Migliori B, Datta MS, Dupre C, Apak MC, Asano S, Gao R, Boyden ES, Hermanson O, Yuste R, Tomer R. Light sheet theta microscopy for rapid high-resolution imaging of large biological samples. BMC Biol 2018; 16:57. [PMID: 29843722 PMCID: PMC5975440 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in tissue clearing and molecular labeling methods are enabling unprecedented optical access to large intact biological systems. These developments fuel the need for high-speed microscopy approaches to image large samples quantitatively and at high resolution. While light sheet microscopy (LSM), with its high planar imaging speed and low photo-bleaching, can be effective, scaling up to larger imaging volumes has been hindered by the use of orthogonal light sheet illumination. RESULTS To address this fundamental limitation, we have developed light sheet theta microscopy (LSTM), which uniformly illuminates samples from the same side as the detection objective, thereby eliminating limits on lateral dimensions without sacrificing the imaging resolution, depth, and speed. We present a detailed characterization of LSTM, and demonstrate its complementary advantages over LSM for rapid high-resolution quantitative imaging of large intact samples with high uniform quality. CONCLUSIONS The reported LSTM approach is a significant step for the rapid high-resolution quantitative mapping of the structure and function of very large biological systems, such as a clarified thick coronal slab of human brain and uniformly expanded tissues, and also for rapid volumetric calcium imaging of highly motile animals, such as Hydra, undergoing non-isomorphic body shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Migliori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,, Sweden
| | - Malika S Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christophe Dupre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mehmet C Apak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shoh Asano
- MIT Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Pfizer Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- MIT Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- MIT Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,, Sweden
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raju Tomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The process of neurogenesis, through which the entire nervous system of an organism is formed, has attracted immense scientific attention for decades. How can a single neural stem cell give rise to astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons? Furthermore, how is a neuron led to choose between the hundreds of different neuronal subtypes that the vertebrate CNS contains? Traditionally, niche signals and transcription factors have been on the spotlight. Recent research is increasingly demonstrating that the answer may partially lie in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this article, we comprehensively review the role of post-translational histone modifications in neurogenesis in both the embryonic and adult CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Mitrousis
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Tropepe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Jungebluth P, Holzgraefe B, Lim ML, Duru AD, Lundin V, Heldring N, Wiklander OPB, Nordin JZ, Chrobok M, Roderburg C, Sjöqvist S, Anderstam B, Beltrán Rodríguez A, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Roddewig KG, Jones P, Wood MJA, Luedde T, Teixeira AI, Hermanson O, Winqvist O, Kalzén H, El Andaloussi S, Alici E, Macchiarini P. Autologous Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Treatment in Refractory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Respiration 2015; 90:481-492. [PMID: 26613253 DOI: 10.1159/000441799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating disorder. Despite enormous efforts in clinical research, effective treatment options are lacking, and mortality rates remain unacceptably high. OBJECTIVES A male patient with severe ARDS showed no clinical improvement with conventional therapies. Hence, an emergent experimental intervention was performed. METHODS We performed intratracheal administration of autologous peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and erythropoietin (EPO). RESULTS We found that after 2 days of initial PBMC/EPO application, lung function improved and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was reduced. Bronchoscopy and serum inflammatory markers revealed reduced inflammation. Additionally, serum concentration of miR-449a, b, c and miR-34a, a transient upregulation of E-cadherin and associated chromatin marks in PBMCs indicated airway epithelial differentiation. Extracellular vesicles from PBMCs demonstrated anti-inflammatory capacity in a TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-x03BA;B in vitro assay. Despite improving respiratory function, the patient died of multisystem organ failure on day 38 of ECMO treatment. CONCLUSIONS This case report provides initial encouraging evidence to use locally instilled PBMC/EPO for treatment of severe refractory ARDS. The observed clinical improvement may partially be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of PBMC/EPO to promote tissue regeneration. Further studies are needed for more in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of in vivo regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jungebluth
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Jungebluth P, Holzgraefe B, Lim ML, Duru A, Lundin V, Sjöqvist S, Jones P, Wood M, Luedde T, Teixeira A, Hermanson O, Winqvist O, Kalzén H, Nordin J, Wiklander O, EL Andaloussi S, Alici E, Dienemann H. Intratracheale Anwendung von autologen Stammzellen in Patienten mit ARDS. Zentralbl Chir 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Bose R, Spulber S, Kilian P, Heldring N, Lönnerberg P, Johnsson A, Conti M, Hermanson O, Ceccatelli S. Tet3 mediates stable glucocorticoid-induced alterations in DNA methylation and Dnmt3a/Dkk1 expression in neural progenitors. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1793. [PMID: 26086966 PMCID: PMC4669838 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to excess glucocorticoids (GCs) has harmful neurodevelopmental effects, which include persistent alterations in the differentiation potential of embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs). The mechanisms, however, are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of dexamethasone (Dex, a synthetic GC analog) by MeDIP-like genome-wide analysis of differentially methylated DNA regions (DMRs) in NSCs isolated from embryonic rat cortices. We found that Dex-induced genome-wide DNA hypomethylation in the NSCs in vitro. Similarly, in utero exposure to Dex resulted in global DNA hypomethylation in the cerebral cortex of 3-day-old mouse pups. Dex-exposed NSCs displayed stable changes in the expression of the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a, and Dkk1, an essential factor for neuronal differentiation. These alterations were dependent on Tet3 upregulation. In conclusion, we propose that GCs elicit strong and persistent effects on DNA methylation in NSCs with Tet3 playing an essential role in the regulation of Dnmt3a and Dkk1. Noteworthy is the occurrence of similar changes in Dnmt3a and Dkk1 gene expression after exposure to excess GC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bose
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Spulber
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Kilian
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Heldring
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Lönnerberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Johnsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Conti
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - O Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Ceccatelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Bečanović K, Nørremølle A, Neal SJ, Kay C, Collins JA, Arenillas D, Lilja T, Gaudenzi G, Manoharan S, Doty CN, Beck J, Lahiri N, Portales-Casamar E, Warby SC, Connolly C, De Souza RAG, Tabrizi SJ, Hermanson O, Langbehn DR, Hayden MR, Wasserman WW, Leavitt BR. A SNP in the HTT promoter alters NF-κB binding and is a bidirectional genetic modifier of Huntington disease. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:807-16. [PMID: 25938884 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cis-regulatory variants that alter gene expression can modify disease expressivity, but none have previously been identified in Huntington disease (HD). Here we provide in vivo evidence in HD patients that cis-regulatory variants in the HTT promoter are bidirectional modifiers of HD age of onset. HTT promoter analysis identified a NF-κB binding site that regulates HTT promoter transcriptional activity. A non-coding SNP, rs13102260:G > A, in this binding site impaired NF-κB binding and reduced HTT transcriptional activity and HTT protein expression. The presence of the rs13102260 minor (A) variant on the HD disease allele was associated with delayed age of onset in familial cases, whereas the presence of the rs13102260 (A) variant on the wild-type HTT allele was associated with earlier age of onset in HD patients in an extreme case-based cohort. Our findings suggest a previously unknown mechanism linking allele-specific effects of rs13102260 on HTT expression to HD age of onset and have implications for HTT silencing treatments that are currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bečanović
- 1] Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [2] Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Nørremølle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Scott J Neal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Kay
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Collins
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Arenillas
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tobias Lilja
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Gaudenzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiana Manoharan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Crystal N Doty
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessalyn Beck
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nayana Lahiri
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elodie Portales-Casamar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon C Warby
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colúm Connolly
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca A G De Souza
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah J Tabrizi
- UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas R Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Cascante A, Klum S, Biswas M, Antolin-Fontes B, Barnabé-Heider F, Hermanson O. Gene-Specific Methylation Control of H3K9 and H3K36 on Neurotrophic BDNF versus Astroglial GFAP Genes by KDM4A/C Regulates Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3467-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Castelo-Branco G, Lilja T, Wallenborg K, Falcão AM, Marques SC, Gracias A, Solum D, Paap R, Walfridsson J, Teixeira AI, Rosenfeld MG, Jepsen K, Hermanson O. Neural stem cell differentiation is dictated by distinct actions of nuclear receptor corepressors and histone deacetylases. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:502-15. [PMID: 25241747 PMCID: PMC4266002 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling factors including retinoic acid (RA) and thyroid hormone (T3) promote neuronal, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte differentiation of cortical neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the functional specificity of transcriptional repressor checkpoints controlling these differentiation programs remains unclear. Here, we show by genome-wide analysis that histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 and HDAC3 show overlapping and distinct promoter occupancy at neuronal and oligodendrocyte-related genes in NSCs. The absence of HDAC3, but not HDAC2, initiated a neuronal differentiation pathway in NSCs. The ablation of the corepressor NCOR or HDAC2, in conjunction with T3 treatment, resulted in increased expression of oligodendrocyte genes, revealing a direct HDAC2-mediated repression of Sox8 and Sox10 expression. Interestingly, Sox10 was required also for maintaining the more differentiated state by repression of stem cell programming factors such as Sox2 and Sox9. Distinct and nonredundant actions of NCORs and HDACs are thus critical for control of lineage progression and differentiation programs in neural progenitors. ChIP-seq reveals distinct and overlapping occupancy of HDAC2 and HDAC3 in NSCs Absence of NCOR promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation of NSCs HDAC2 controls Sox10 expression in OL differentiation via a SOX2-occupied enhancer Sox10 is required for maintaining the differentiated state in late OL precursors
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tobias Lilja
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Wallenborg
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana M Falcão
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sueli C Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aileen Gracias
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Derek Solum
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA
| | - Ricardo Paap
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Walfridsson
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0648, USA
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Castelo-Branco G, Stridh P, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Adzemovic MZ, Falcão AM, Marta M, Berglund R, Gillett A, Hamza KH, Lassmann H, Hermanson O, Jagodic M. Acute treatment with valproic acid and l-thyroxine ameliorates clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and prevents brain pathology in DA rats. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 71:220-33. [PMID: 25149263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in young adults. Chronic treatments with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been reported to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS, by targeting immune responses. We have recently shown that the HDAC inhibition/knockdown in the presence of thyroid hormone (T3) can also promote oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and expression of myelin genes in neural stem cells (NSCs) and oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs). In this study, we found that treatment with an HDACi, valproic acid (VPA), and T3, alone or in combination, directly affects encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells. VPA, but not T3, compromised their proliferation, while both molecules reduced the frequency of IL-17-producing cells. Transfer of T3, VPA and VPA/T3 treated encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells into naïve rats induced less severe EAE, indicating that the effects of these molecules are persistent and do not require their maintenance after the initial stimuli. Thus, we investigated the effect of acute treatment with VPA and l-thyroxine (T4), a precursor of T3, on myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE in Dark Agouti rats, a close mimic of MS. We found that a brief treatment after disease onset led to sustained amelioration of EAE and prevention of inflammatory demyelination in the CNS accompanied with a higher expression of myelin-related genes in the brain. Furthermore, the treatment modulated immune responses, reduced the number of CD4+ T cells and affected the Th1 differentiation program in the brain. Our data indicate that an acute treatment with VPA and T4 after the onset of EAE can produce persistent clinically relevant therapeutic effects by limiting the pathogenic immune reactions while promoting myelin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Milena Z Adzemovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Brain Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Mendanha Falcão
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Marta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neuroscience, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Rasmus Berglund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Gillett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kedir Hussen Hamza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Dias JM, Ilkhanizadeh S, Karaca E, Duckworth JK, Lundin V, Rosenfeld MG, Ericson J, Hermanson O, Teixeira AI. CtBPs sense microenvironmental oxygen levels to regulate neural stem cell state. Cell Rep 2014; 8:665-70. [PMID: 25088415 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) secreted by the dorsal neural tube and overlying ectoderm are key signals for the specification of the roof plate and dorsal interneuron populations. However, the signals that confer nonneurogenic character to the roof plate region are largely unknown. We report that the roof plate region shows elevated oxygen levels compared to neurogenic regions of the neural tube. These high oxygen levels are required for the expression of the antineuronal transcription factor Hes1 in the roof plate region. The transcriptional corepressor CtBP is a critical mediator of the oxygen-sensing response. High oxygen promotes a decrease in the CtBP occupancy of the promoter of Hes1. Furthermore, under conditions of high oxygen and BMP, CtBP associates with HES1 and represses neurogenesis. We propose that CtBP integrates signals originating from microenvironmental levels of oxygen and BMP to confer nonneurogenic character to the roof plate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Esra Karaca
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Joshua K Duckworth
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Lundin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Johan Ericson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Ana I Teixeira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
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21
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Abstract
Modifications of histones, the chief protein components of the chromatin, have emerged as critical regulators of life and death. While the "apoptotic histone code" came to light a few years ago, accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy, a cell survival pathway, is also heavily regulated by histone-modifying proteins. In this review we describe the emerging "autophagic histone code" and the role of histone modifications in the cellular life vs. death decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Füllgrabe
- Department of Oncology Pathology; Cancer Centrum Karolinska; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Heldring
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Department of Oncology Pathology; Cancer Centrum Karolinska; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Background We have previously shown that the transcriptional coregulator NCoR represses astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells, suggesting that NCoR could be a plausible target for differentiation therapy of glioblastoma. Methods To study a putative role for NCoR in regulating glioblastoma cell characteristics, we used RNA-mediated knockdown followed by analysis of gene expression, proliferation and cell growth, autophagy, invasiveness in vitro, and tumor formation in vitro and in vivo. We further performed chromatin immunoprecipitation of NCoR followed by genome-wide sequencing in the human glioblastoma cell line U87 in order to reveal NCoR-occupied loci. Results RNA knockdown of NCoR resulted in a moderate increase in differentiation accompanied by a significant decrease in proliferation in adherent U87 human glioblastoma cells. chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing approach revealed alternative mechanisms underlying the decrease in proliferation, as NCoR was enriched at promoters of genes associated with autophagy such as ULK3. Indeed, signs of an autophagy response in adherent glioblastoma cells included an increased expression of autophagy genes, such as Beclin1, and increased lipidation and nuclear puncta of LC3. Intriguingly, in parallel to the effects in the adherent cells, NCoR knockdown resulted in a significant increase in anchorage-independent growth, and this glioblastoma cell population showed dramatic increases in invasive properties in vitro and tumor formation capacity in vitro and in vivo along with an increased proliferation rate. Conclusion Our results unveil unexpected aspects of NCoR regulation of tumor characteristics in glioblastoma cells and highlight the need for caution when transposing developmental concepts directly to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heldring
- Corresponding author: Nina Heldring, PhD, Department of Neuroscience, Retzius väg 8, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Holm F, Nikdin H, Kjartansdóttir KR, Gaudenzi G, Fried K, Aspenström P, Hermanson O, Bergström-Tengzelius R. Passaging Techniques and ROCK Inhibitor Exert Reversible Effects on Morphology and Pluripotency Marker Gene Expression of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1883-92. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Holm
- Department of Neuroscience, Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hero Nikdin
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristín Rós Kjartansdóttir
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Gaudenzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lilja T, Heldring N, Hermanson O. Like a rolling histone: Epigenetic regulation of neural stem cells and brain development by factors controlling histone acetylation and methylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Lilja T, Wallenborg K, Björkman K, Albåge M, Eriksson M, Lagercrantz H, Rohdin M, Hermanson O. Novel alterations in the epigenetic signature of MeCP2-targeted promoters in lymphocytes of Rett syndrome patients. Epigenetics 2013; 8:246-51. [PMID: 23348913 PMCID: PMC3669117 DOI: 10.4161/epi.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with neurological symptoms, such as motor disorders and mental retardation. In most cases, RTT is caused by mutations in the DNA binding protein MeCP2. In mice, MeCP2 gene deletion has been reported to result in genome-wide increased histone acetylation. Transcriptional regulation of neurotrophic factor BDNF and transcription factor DLX5, essential for proper neurogenesis, is further altered in MeCP2-deleted animals. We therefore investigated the chromatin environment of MeCP2 target genes BDNF and DLX5 in lymphocytes from RTT patients and human controls, and analyzed the density of histones H3, H2B and H1, as well as the levels of methylation and acetylation on selected lysines of histone H3. Notably, we found a general increase in the density of histone H3 in RTT patients’ lymphocytes compared with controls, and decreased levels of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), a modification associated with transcriptional activation. The levels of acetylation of lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and 27 (H3K27ac) did not show any statistically significant changes when normalized to the decreased histone H3 levels; nevertheless, an average decrease in acetylation was noted. Our results reveal an unexpected alteration of the chromatin state of established MeCP2 target genes in lymphocytes of human subjects with RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lilja
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Xu J, Nonogaki M, Madhira R, Ma HY, Hermanson O, Kioussi C, Gross MK. Population-specific regulation of Chmp2b by Lbx1 during onset of synaptogenesis in lateral association interneurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48573. [PMID: 23284619 PMCID: PMC3528757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chmp2b is closely related to Vps2, a key component of the yeast protein complex that creates the intralumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. Dominant negative mutations in Chmp2b cause autophagosome accumulation and neurodegenerative disease. Loss of Chmp2b causes failure of dendritic spine maturation in cultured neurons. The homeobox gene Lbx1 plays an essential role in specifying postmitotic dorsal interneuron populations during late pattern formation in the neural tube. We have discovered that Chmp2b is one of the most highly regulated cell-autonomous targets of Lbx1 in the embryonic mouse neural tube. Chmp2b was expressed and depended on Lbx1 in only two of the five nascent, Lbx1-expressing, postmitotic, dorsal interneuron populations. It was also expressed in neural tube cell populations that lacked Lbx1 protein. The observed population-specific expression of Chmp2b indicated that only certain population-specific combinations of sequence specific transcription factors allow Chmp2b expression. The cell populations that expressed Chmp2b corresponded, in time and location, to neurons that make the first synapses of the spinal cord. Chmp2b protein was transported into neurites within the motor- and association-neuropils, where the first synapses are known to form between E11.5 and E12.5 in mouse neural tubes. Selective, developmentally-specified gene expression of Chmp2b may therefore be used to endow particular neuronal populations with the ability to mature dendritic spines. Such a mechanism could explain how mammalian embryos reproducibly establish the disynaptic cutaneous reflex only between particular cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mariko Nonogaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ravi Madhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Yen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Heldring N, Joseph B, Hermanson O, Kioussi C. Pitx2 expression promotes p21 expression and cell cycle exit in neural stem cells. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2012; 11:884-92. [PMID: 23131154 DOI: 10.2174/1871527311201070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cortical development is a complex process that involves many events including proliferation, cell cycle exit and differentiation that need to be appropriately synchronized. Neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from embryonic cortex are characterized by their ability of self-renewal under continued maintenance of multipotency. Cell cycle progression and arrest during development is regulated by numerous factors, including cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases and their inhibitors. In this study, we exogenously expressed the homeodomain transcription factor Pitx2, usually expressed in postmitotic progenitors and neurons of the embryonic cortex, in NSCs with low expression of endogenous Pitx2. We found that Pitx2 expression induced a rapid decrease in proliferation associated with an accumulation of NSCs in G1 phase. A search for potential cell cycle inhibitors responsible for such cell cycle exit of NSCs revealed that Pitx2 expression caused a rapid and dramatic (≉20-fold) increase in expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 (WAF1/Cip1). In addition, Pitx2 bound directly to the p21 promoter as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in NSCs. Surprisingly, Pitx2 expression was not associated with an increase in differentiation markers, but instead the expression of nestin, associated with undifferentiated NSCs, was maintained. Our results suggest that Pitx2 promotes p21 expression and induces cell cycle exit in neural progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heldring
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Reis A, Hermanson O. The DNA glycosylases OGG1 and NEIL3 influence differentiation potential, proliferation, and senescence-associated signs in neural stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:621-6. [PMID: 22564741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) exhibit self-renewal and multipotency as intrinsic characteristics that are key parameters for proper brain development. When cells are challenged by oxidative stress agents the resulting DNA lesions are repaired by DNA glycosylases through the base excision repair (BER) pathway as a means to maintain the fidelity of the genome, and thus, proper cellular characteristics. The functional roles for DNA glycosylases in NSCs have however remained largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that RNA knockdown of the DNA glycosylases OGG1 and NEIL3 decreased NSC differentiation ability and resulted in decreased expression of both neuronal and astrocytic genes after mitogen withdrawal, as well as the stem cell marker Musashi-1. Furthermore, while cell survival remained unaffected, NEIL3 deficient cells displayed decreased cell proliferation rates along with an increase in HP1γ immunoreactivity, a sign of premature senescence. Our results suggest that DNA glycosylases play multiple roles in governing essential neural stem cell characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilcar Reis
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lundberg J, Södersten E, Sundström E, Le Blanc K, Andersson T, Hermanson O, Holmin S. Targeted Intra-arterial Transplantation of Stem Cells to the Injured CNS is more Effective than Intravenous Administration: Engraftment is Dependent on Cell Type and Adhesion Molecule Expression. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:333-43. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x576036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation procedures using intraparenchymal injections cause tissue injury in addition to associated surgical risks. Intravenous cell administration give engraftment in parenchymal lesions although the method has low efficacy and specificity. In pathological conditions with inflammation, such as traumatic brain injury, there is a transient up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 which might provide environmental cues for migration of stem cells from blood to parenchyma. The aim of this study was to i) analyze the effect of intra-arterial administration on cellular engraftment, ii) compare engraftment and side effects between three different stem cell systems, and iii) analyze gene expression in these three systems. We performed specific intra-arterial transplantations with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), and rat neural progenitor cells (rNPCs) in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. These results were compared to the intravenous route for each cell type, respectively. Analysis of engraftment and recipient characterization was performed by immunohistochemistry. We further characterized the different types of cells by microarray and RT-qPCR analysis. Specific intra-arterial transplantations produced significantly higher engraftment compared to intravenous transplantation with hMSCs and rNPCs. No engraftment was detected after intra-arterial or intravenous administration of hNPCs. Characterization of integrin expression indicated that CD49dVCAM-1 and possibly ICAM-1 interactions through CD18 and CD11a, respectively, are important for engraftment after intravascular cell administration. No side effects, such as thromboembolic complications, were detected. When translating stem cell therapies to clinical practice, the route of transplantation and the properties of the cell lines (homing, diapedesis, and migration) become important. This study supports the use of selective intra-arterial transplantation for improving engraftment after traumatic brain injury. In addition, we conclude that careful analysis of cells intended for local, intra-arterial transplantation with respect to integrin expression is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Södersten
- DBRM, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stiftelsen Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- DBRM, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jungebluth P, Alici E, Baiguera S, Blomberg P, Bozóky B, Crowley C, Einarsson O, Gudbjartsson T, Le Guyader S, Henriksson G, Hermanson O, Juto JE, Leidner B, Lilja T, Liska J, Luedde T, Lundin V, Moll G, Roderburg C, Strömblad S, Sutlu T, Watz E, Seifalian A, Macchiarini P. Tracheobronchial transplantation with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet 2011; 378:1997-2004. [PMID: 22119609 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal tumours can be surgically resected but most are an inoperable size at the time of diagnosis; therefore, new therapeutic options are needed. We report the clinical transplantation of the tracheobronchial airway with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite. METHODS A 36-year-old male patient, previously treated with debulking surgery and radiation therapy, presented with recurrent primary cancer of the distal trachea and main bronchi. After complete tumour resection, the airway was replaced with a tailored bioartificial nanocomposite previously seeded with autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells via a bioreactor for 36 h. Postoperative granulocyte colony-stimulating factor filgrastim (10 μg/kg) and epoetin beta (40,000 UI) were given over 14 days. We undertook flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy epigenetics, multiplex, miRNA, and gene expression analyses. FINDINGS We noted an extracellular matrix-like coating and proliferating cells including a CD105+ subpopulation in the scaffold after the reseeding and bioreactor process. There were no major complications, and the patient was asymptomatic and tumour free 5 months after transplantation. The bioartificial nanocomposite has patent anastomoses, lined with a vascularised neomucosa, and was partly covered by nearly healthy epithelium. Postoperatively, we detected a mobilisation of peripheral cells displaying increased mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype, and upregulation of epoetin receptors, antiapoptotic genes, and miR-34 and miR-449 biomarkers. These findings, together with increased levels of regenerative-associated plasma factors, strongly suggest stem-cell homing and cell-mediated wound repair, extracellular matrix remodelling, and neovascularisation of the graft. INTERPRETATION Tailor-made bioartificial scaffolds can be used to replace complex airway defects. The bioreactor reseeding process and pharmacological-induced site-specific and graft-specific regeneration and tissue protection are key factors for successful clinical outcome. FUNDING European Commission, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, StratRegen, Vinnova Foundation, Radiumhemmet, Clinigene EU Network of Excellence, Swedish Cancer Society, Centre for Biosciences (The Live Cell imaging Unit), and UCL Business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jungebluth
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Cell and Gene Therapy Centre, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Baiguera
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Blomberg
- Vecura, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Béla Bozóky
- Division of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Crowley
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oskar Einarsson
- Department of Pulmonology, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Gudbjartsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sylvie Le Guyader
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Henriksson
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Erik Juto
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertil Leidner
- Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Radiology (Huddinge), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lilja
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Liska
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Lundin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guido Moll
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Staffan Strömblad
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Cell and Gene Therapy Centre, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Watz
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; European Airway Institute, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Andersson T, Duckworth JK, Fritz N, Lewicka M, Södersten E, Uhlén P, Hermanson O. Noggin and Wnt3a enable BMP4-dependent differentiation of telencephalic stem cells into GluR-agonist responsive neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 47:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Larsson JÅ, Wadströmer N, Hermanson O, Lendahl U, Forchheimer R. Modelling cell lineage using a meta-Boolean tree model with a relation to gene regulatory networks. J Theor Biol 2011; 268:62-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Södersten E, Lilja T, Hermanson O. The novel BTB/POZ and zinc finger factor Zbtb45 is essential for proper glial differentiation of neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4866-75. [PMID: 21131782 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.24.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling the fate decisions of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a crucial issue to shed new light on mammalian central nervous system (CNS) development in health and disease. We have investigated a possible role for the previously uncharacterized BTB/POZ-domain containing zinc finger factor Zbtb45 in the differentiation of NSCs and postnatal oligodendrocyte precursors. In situ hybridization histochemistry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Zbtb45 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in the developing CNS in mouse embryos at embryonic day (E) 12.5 and 14.5. Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown in embryonic forebrain NSCs by siRNA resulted in a rapid decrease in the expression of oligodendrocyte-characteristic genes after mitogen (FGF2) withdrawal, whereas the expression of astrocyte-associated genes such as CD44 and GFAP increased compared to control. Accordingly, the number of astrocytes was significantly increased seven days after Zbtb45 siRNA delivery to NSCs, in contrast to the numbers of neuronal and oligodendrocyte-like cells. Surprisingly, mRNA knockdown of the Zbtb45-associated factor Med31, a subunit of the Mediator complex, did not result in any detectable effect on NSC differentiation. Similar to NSCs, Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown in oligodendrocyte precursors (CG-4) reduced oligodendrocyte maturation upon mitogen withdrawal associated with down-regulation of the mRNA expression and protein levels of markers for oligodendrocytic differentiation. Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown did not significantly affect proliferation or cell death in any of the cell types. Based on these observations, we propose that Zbtb45 is a novel regulator of glial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Södersten
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Leão RN, Reis A, Emirandetti A, Lewicka M, Hermanson O, Fisahn A. A voltage-sensitive dye-based assay for the identification of differentiated neurons derived from embryonic neural stem cell cultures. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13833. [PMID: 21079795 PMCID: PMC2973948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotent and multipotent stem cells hold great therapeutical promise for the replacement of degenerated tissue in neurological diseases. To fulfill that promise we have to understand the mechanisms underlying the differentiation of multipotent cells into specific types of neurons. Embryonic stem cell (ESC) and embryonic neural stem cell (NSC) cultures provide a valuable tool to study the processes of neural differentiation, which can be assessed using immunohistochemistry, gene expression, Ca(2+)-imaging or electrophysiology. However, indirect methods such as protein and gene analysis cannot provide direct evidence of neuronal functionality. In contrast, direct methods such as electrophysiological techniques are well suited to produce direct evidence of neural functionality but are limited to the study of a few cells on a culture plate. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study we describe a novel method for the detection of action potential-capable neurons differentiated from embryonic NSC cultures using fast voltage-sensitive dyes (VSD). We found that the use of extracellularly applied VSD resulted in a more detailed labeling of cellular processes compared to calcium indicators. In addition, VSD changes in fluorescence translated precisely to action potential kinetics as assessed by the injection of simulated slow and fast sodium currents using the dynamic clamp technique. We further demonstrate the use of a finite element model of the NSC culture cover slip for optimizing electrical stimulation parameters. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our method allows for a repeatable fast and accurate stimulation of neurons derived from stem cell cultures to assess their differentiation state, which is capable of monitoring large amounts of cells without harming the overall culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richardson N. Leão
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amilcar Reis
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amanda Emirandetti
- Developmental Genetics Group, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michalina Lewicka
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Fisahn
- Neuronal Oscillations Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Joseph B, Hermanson O. Molecular control of brain size: regulators of neural stem cell life, death and beyond. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1415-21. [PMID: 20307536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The proper development of the brain and other organs depends on multiple parameters, including strictly controlled expansion of specific progenitor pools. The regulation of such expansion events includes enzymatic activities that govern the correct number of specific cells to be generated via an orchestrated control of cell proliferation, cell cycle exit, differentiation, cell death etc. Certain proteins in turn exert direct control of these enzymatic activities and thus progenitor pool expansion and organ size. The members of the Cip/Kip family (p21Cip1/p27Kip1/p57Kip2) are well-known regulators of cell cycle exit that interact with and inhibit the activity of cyclin-CDK complexes, whereas members of the p53/p63/p73 family are traditionally associated with regulation of cell death. It has however become clear that the roles for these proteins are not as clear-cut as initially thought. In this review, we discuss the roles for proteins of the Cip/Kip and p53/p63/p73 families in the regulation of cell cycle control, differentiation, and death of neural stem cells. We suggest that these proteins act as molecular interfaces, or "pilots", to assure the correct assembly of protein complexes with enzymatic activities at the right place at the right time, thereby regulating essential decisions in multiple cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Joseph
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hajji N, Wallenborg K, Vlachos P, Füllgrabe J, Hermanson O, Joseph B. Opposing effects of hMOF and SIRT1 on H4K16 acetylation and the sensitivity to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. Oncogene 2010; 29:2192-204. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wallenborg K, Vlachos P, Eriksson S, Huijbregts L, Arnér ES, Joseph B, Hermanson O. Red wine triggers cell death and thioredoxin reductase inhibition: Effects beyond resveratrol and SIRT1. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:1360-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Andersson T, Södersten E, Duckworth JK, Cascante A, Fritz N, Sacchetti P, Cervenka I, Bryja V, Hermanson O. CXXC5 Is a Novel BMP4-regulated Modulator of Wnt Signaling in Neural Stem Cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:3672-81. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808119200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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39
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Abstract
REST is a well known repressor of neuronal gene expression. Genome-wide analysis of REST occupancy in different cell types now reveals new and cell-specific roles for REST in embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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Raju CS, Göritz C, Nord Y, Hermanson O, López-Iglesias C, Visa N, Castelo-Branco G, Percipalle P. In cultured oligodendrocytes the A/B-type hnRNP CBF-A accompanies MBP mRNA bound to mRNA trafficking sequences. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:3008-19. [PMID: 18480411 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-10-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) have key roles in RNA biogenesis, including pre-mRNP assembly, transport and cytoplasmic localization. Here we show by biochemical fractionation of nuclear extracts and protein-protein interaction assays that the A/B-type hnRNP CBF-A is in a multiprotein complex with hnRNP A2 and A3 and hnRNP U. Using RNA affinity chromatography and gel retardation assays, CBF-A was found to bind directly to RNA trafficking sequences in the 3'-UTR of the myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA. In primary oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, and mouse forebrain sections, CBF-A revealed a characteristic granular cytoplasmic distribution. In mouse forebrain CBF-A-positive granules were preferentially found in regions with loosely bundled myelin fibers. In cultured oligodendrocytes, CBF-A was found to be specifically associated with endogenous MBP mRNA and CBF-A gene silencing resulted in the retention of MBP granules in the cell body. Finally, immunoelectron microscopy in differentiating oligodendrocytes showed that CBF-A is located in cytoplasmic granules that are often associated with the cytoskeleton. The results suggest that CBF-A is a novel transacting factor required for cytoplasmic mRNA transport and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar S Raju
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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41
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Stenqvist A, Lundgren TK, Smith MJ, Hermanson O, Castelo-Branco G, Pawson T, Ernfors P. Subcellular receptor redistribution and enhanced microspike formation by a Ret receptor preferentially recruiting Dok. Neurosci Lett 2008; 435:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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42
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Hajji N, Wallenborg K, Vlachos P, Nyman U, Hermanson O, Joseph B. Combinatorial action of the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A and etoposide induces caspase-mediated AIF-dependent apoptotic cell death in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:3134-44. [PMID: 18071312 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Commonly used regimens in cancer therapy rely on the induction of apoptotic cell death, and drug resistance can be attributed, at least in part, to a disabled apoptotic program. Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), exhibit an intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we show that co-treatment with etoposide (VP16) and the pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), but not valproic acid (VPA), induced apoptotic cell death in drug-resistant NSCLC cells. Co-treatment, but not single treatment, with VP16 and TSA induced apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner accompanied by a crucial decrease in Bcl-xL expression allowing Bax activation and subsequent initiation of the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF)-dependent death pathway. Importantly, AIF proved to be required for the effects of TSA/VP16 as RNA knockdown of AIF resulted in a complete abolishment of TSA/VP16-induced apoptotic cell death in drug-resistant NSCLC cells. Our results thus provide evidence for the requirement of both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic pathways in TSA/VP16-mediated death of drug-resistant NSCLC cells, and extend previous suggestions that HDAC inhibitors in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs could be valuable in the treatment of NSCLC cancer and other malignancies in which Bcl-xL is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hajji
- Division of Toxicology and Neurotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Jepsen K, Solum D, Zhou T, McEvilly RJ, Kim HJ, Glass CK, Hermanson O, Rosenfeld MG. SMRT-mediated repression of an H3K27 demethylase in progression from neural stem cell to neuron. Nature 2007; 450:415-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature06270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ilkhanizadeh S, Teixeira AI, Hermanson O. Inkjet printing of macromolecules on hydrogels to steer neural stem cell differentiation. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3936-43. [PMID: 17576007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inkjet printing allows for the rapid and inexpensive printing of cells, materials, and protein molecules. However, the combination of inkjet printing and control of neural stem cell (NSC) multipotency and differentiation has remained unexplored. We used an inkjet printer (Canon BJC-2100) to print biologically active macromolecules on poly-acrylamide-based hydrogels (HydroGel(TM)), which were subsequently seeded with primary fetal NSCs. NSCs cultured on areas printed with fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) remained undifferentiated, consistent with the effects of FGF2 when administered in solution. NSCs cultured in parallel on the same hydrogels but in areas printed with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) displayed a rapid induction of markers for astrocytic (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) or smooth muscle (smooth muscle actin, SMA) differentiation, respectively. These results are consistent with known actions of CNTF and FBS on NSCs. Importantly, NSCs cultured on a printed gradient of increasing levels of CNTF showed a linear increase in numbers of cells expressing GFAP, demonstrating a functional gradient of CNTF. Lastly, genetically modified NSCs proved to respond properly to printed macromolecules, suggesting that inkjet printing can successfully be combined with gene delivery to achieve effective control of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Center of Excellence in Developmental Biology (CEDB/DBRM), Organic Bioelectronics (OBOE), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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45
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Teixeira AI, Duckworth JK, Hermanson O. Getting the right stuff: controlling neural stem cell state and fate in vivo and in vitro with biomaterials. Cell Res 2007; 17:56-61. [PMID: 17211445 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promises in medical treatment by, e.g., replacing lost cells, re-constitute healthy cell populations and also in the use of stem cells as vehicles for factor and gene delivery. Embryonic stem cells have rightfully attracted a large interest due to their proven capacity of differentiating into any cell type in the embryo in vivo. Tissue-specific stem cells are however already in use in medical practice, and recently the first systematic medical trials involving human neural stem cell (NSC) therapy have been launched. There are yet many obstacles to overcome and procedures to improve. To ensure progress in the medical use of stem cells increased basic knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that govern stem cell characteristics is necessary. Here we provide a review of the literature on NSCs in various aspects of cell therapy, with the main focus on the potential of using biomaterials to control NSC characteristics, differentiation, and delivery. We summarize results from studies on the characteristics of endogenous and transplanted NSCs in rodent models of neurological and cancer diseases, and highlight recent advancements in polymer compatibility and applicability in regulating NSC state and fate. We suggest that the development of specially designed polymers, such as hydrogels, is a crucial issue to improve the outcome of stem cell therapy in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Teixeira
- Center of Excellence in Developmental Biology, Organic Bioelectronics (OBOE), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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46
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Goebbels S, Bormuth I, Bode U, Hermanson O, Schwab MH, Nave KA. Genetic targeting of principal neurons in neocortex and hippocampus of NEX-Cre mice. Genesis 2007; 44:611-21. [PMID: 17146780 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Conditional mutagenesis permits the cell type-specific analysis of gene functions in vivo. Here, we describe a mouse line that expresses Cre recombinase under control of regulatory sequences of NEX, a gene that encodes a neuronal basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein. To mimic endogenous NEX expression in the dorsal telencephalon, the Cre recombinase gene was targeted into the NEX locus by homologous recombination in ES cells. The Cre expression pattern was analyzed following breeding into different lines of lacZ-indicator mice. Most prominent Cre activity was observed in neocortex and hippocampus, starting from around embryonic day 11.5. Within the dorsal telencephalon, Cre-mediated recombination marked pyramidal neurons and dentate gyrus mossy and granule cells, but was absent from proliferating neural precursors of the ventricular zone, interneurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Additionally, we identified formerly unknown domains of NEX promoter activity in mid- and hindbrain. The NEX-Cre mouse will be a valuable tool for behavioral research and the conditional inactivation of target genes in pyramidal neurons of the dorsal telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goebbels
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
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Tamm C, Duckworth J, Hermanson O, Ceccatelli S. High susceptibility of neural stem cells to methylmercury toxicity: effects on cell survival and neuronal differentiation. J Neurochem 2006; 97:69-78. [PMID: 16524380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) play an essential role in both the developing embryonic nervous system through to adulthood where the capacity for self-renewal may be important for normal function of the CNS, such as in learning, memory and response to injury. There has been much excitement about the possibility of transplantation of NSCs to replace damaged or lost neurones, or by recruitment of endogenous precursors. However, before the full potential of NSCs can be realized, it is essential to understand the physiological pathways that control their proliferation and differentiation, as well as the influence of extrinsic factors on these processes. In the present study we used the NSC line C17.2 and primary embryonic cortical NSCs (cNSCs) to investigate the effects of the environmental contaminant methylmercury (MeHg) on survival and differentiation of NSCs. The results show that NSCs, in particular cNSCs, are highly sensitive to MeHg. MeHg induced apoptosis in both models via Bax activation, cytochrome c translocation, and caspase and calpain activation. Remarkably, exposure to MeHg at concentrations comparable to the current developmental exposure (via cord blood) of the general population in many countries inhibited spontaneous neuronal differentiation of NSCs. Our studies also identified the intracellular pathway leading to MeHg-induced apoptosis, and indicate that NSCs are more sensitive than differentiated neurones or glia to MeHg-induced cytotoxicity. The observed effects of MeHg on NSC differentiation offer new perspectives for evaluating the biological significance of MeHg exposure at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Tamm
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology and Neurotoxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brunkhorst A, Karlén M, Shi J, Mikolajczyk M, Nelson MA, Metsis M, Hermanson O. A specific role for the TFIID subunit TAF4 and RanBPM in neural progenitor differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 29:250-8. [PMID: 15911349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 02/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TAF4 is crucial for the activity of many transcription factors, including CREB, RAR and CSL/RBP-Jkappa, but the role for TAF4 in neural development is unknown. Embryonic cortical neural stem cells (NSC) showed strong expression of TAF4 that decreased during neuronal but not glial differentiation. In a protein-protein interaction screen, we identified the intracellular signaling factor RanBPM as a co-factor of TAF4. RanBPM co-localized with TAF4 in a subset of mitotic progenitors in vivo and endogenous TAF4 and RanBPM could be co-immunoprecipitated from NSC extracts. Interestingly, co-transfections of TAF4 and RanBPM led to a significant increase in the number of primary neurite processes but no increase in total neurite length, whereas RanBPM and a TAF4 isoform lacking the RanBPM-interacting domain exerted no significant effect. Our results demonstrate that temporally high expression levels of two factors considered to be relatively general in function can influence very specific events in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Brunkhorst
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Brunkhorst A, Neuman T, Hall A, Arenas E, Bartfai T, Hermanson O, Metsis M. Novel isoforms of the TFIID subunit TAF4 modulate nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 325:574-9. [PMID: 15530431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor TFIID consists of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs). TAFs are essential for modulation of transcriptional activity but the regulation of TAFs is complex and many important aspects remain unclear. In this study, we have identified and characterized five novel truncated forms of the TFIID subunit TAF4 (TAF(II)135). Analysis of the mouse gene structure revealed that all truncations were the results of alternative splicing and resulted in the loss of domains or parts of domains implicated in TAF4 functional interactions. Results from transcriptional assays showed that several of the TAF4 isoforms exerted dominant negative effects on TAF4 activity in nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional activation. In addition, alternative TAF4 isoforms could be detected in specific cell types. Our results indicate an additional level of complexity in TAF4-mediated regulation of transcription and suggest context-specific roles for these new TAF4 isoforms in transcriptional regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Brunkhorst
- Group of Transcriptional Networks, Unit of Functional Genomics, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CGB), Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Aifa S, Aydin J, Nordvall G, Lundström I, Svensson SPS, Hermanson O. A basic peptide within the juxtamembrane region is required for EGF receptor dimerization. Exp Cell Res 2005; 302:108-14. [PMID: 15541730 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2004] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is fundamental for normal cell growth and organ development, but has also been implicated in various pathologies, notably tumors of epithelial origin. We have previously shown that the initial 13 amino acids (P13) within the intracellular juxtamembrane region (R645-R657) are involved in the interaction with calmodulin, thus indicating an important role for this region in EGFR function. Here we show that P13 is required for proper dimerization of the receptor. We expressed either the intracellular domain of EGFR (TKJM) or the intracellular domain lacking P13 (DeltaTKJM) in COS-7 cells that express endogenous EGFR. Only TKJM was immunoprecipitated with an antibody directed against the extracellular part of EGFR, and only TKJM was tyrosine phosphorylated by endogenous EGFR. Using SK-N-MC cells, which do not express endogenous EGFR, that were stably transfected with either wild-type EGFR or recombinant full-length EGFR lacking P13 demonstrated that P13 is required for appropriate receptor dimerization. Furthermore, mutant EGFR lacking P13 failed to be autophosphorylated. P13 is rich in basic amino acids and in silico modeling of the EGFR in conjunction with our results suggests a novel role for the juxtamembrane domain (JM) of EGFR in mediating intracellular dimerization and thus receptor kinase activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Aifa
- Department of Pharmacology, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
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