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de Santana DA, Braga PR, Camillo-Coutinho CM, Freitas VS, Cury PR, Ribeiro DA, de Araújo IB, de Aquino Xavier FC, Dos Santos JN. E-CADERIN, N-CADERIN, SLUG, SNAIL, and TWIST contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in salivary gland tumors. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:193-200. [PMID: 38351435 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors are important in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and are possibly related to the development of a more invasive tumor phenotype. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the expression and identify the localization of cellular markers related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in salivary gland tumors. STUDY DESIGN The expression and localization of E-CADERIN, N-CADERIN, SLUG, SNAIL, and TWIST were evaluated, using immunohistochemistry, in 48 salivary gland tumors, being 17 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 14 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), and 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC). these proteins were compared to clinical and histopathologic parameters. normal gland tissues were included for immunohistochemical comparisons. RESULTS ACC and MEC cases showed higher expression of SNAIL compared to PA. MEC showed high expression of SLUG and TWIST. Low expression of N-CADHERIN, SNAIL, and TWIST in ACC was frequent in T3 and T4. High expression of TWIST in MEC was more frequent at age ≥ 40 years A positive correlation was only observed between N-cadherin/SNAIL in ACC, between SNAIL/TWIST in MEC, and between SLUG/TWIST in PA. CONCLUSION This study provided insight into EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, SNAIL, SLUG, and TWIST) and their contribution to the maintenance of morphogenesis and the development of the salivary gland tumors and showed a positive correlation among N-CADHERIN/SNAIL in ACC and SNAIL/TWIST in MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandara Andrade de Santana
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Poliana Ramos Braga
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Souza Freitas
- Department of Health, School of Dentistry, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Bioscience, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Caló de Aquino Xavier
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Dentistry and Health Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Zivotic M, Kovacevic S, Nikolic G, Mioljevic A, Filipovic I, Djordjevic M, Jovicic V, Topalovic N, Ilic K, Radojevic Skodric S, Dundjerovic D, Nesovic Ostojic J. SLUG and SNAIL as Potential Immunohistochemical Biomarkers for Renal Cancer Staging and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12245. [PMID: 37569620 PMCID: PMC10418944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the deadliest urological neoplasm. Up to date, no validated biomarkers are included in clinical guidelines for the screening and follow up of patients suffering from RCC. Slug (Snail2) and Snail (Snail1) belong to the Snail superfamily of zinc finger transcriptional factors that take part in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process important during embryogenesis but also involved in tumor progression. We examined Slug and Snail immunohistochemical expression in patients with different stages of renal cell carcinomas with the aim to investigate their potential role as staging and prognostic factors. A total of 166 samples of malignant renal cell neoplasms were analyzed using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Slug and Snail expressions were evaluated qualitatively (presence or absence), in nuclear and cytoplasmic cell compartments and compared in relation to clinical parameters. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the impact of the sarcomatoid component and Slug expression on the survival longevity. Cox regression analysis separated Slug as the only independent prognostic factor (p = 0.046). The expression of Snail was associated with higher stages of the disease (p = 0.004), especially observing nuclear Snail expression (p < 0.001). All of the tumors that had metastasized showed nuclear immunoreactivity (p < 0.001). In clear cell RCC, we showed a significant relationship between a high nuclear grade and nuclear Snail expression (p = 0.039). Our results suggest that Slug and Snail could be useful immunohistochemical markers for staging and prognosis in patients suffering from various RCCs, representing potential targets for further therapy strategies of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Zivotic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (G.N.); (A.M.); (I.F.); (K.I.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sanjin Kovacevic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 9 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Gorana Nikolic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (G.N.); (A.M.); (I.F.); (K.I.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Ana Mioljevic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (G.N.); (A.M.); (I.F.); (K.I.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Isidora Filipovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (G.N.); (A.M.); (I.F.); (K.I.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Marija Djordjevic
- Faculty of Organization Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Jovicic
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nikola Topalovic
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Kristina Ilic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (G.N.); (A.M.); (I.F.); (K.I.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sanja Radojevic Skodric
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (G.N.); (A.M.); (I.F.); (K.I.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Dusko Dundjerovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.Z.); (G.N.); (A.M.); (I.F.); (K.I.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Jelena Nesovic Ostojic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 9 Dr. Subotic Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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3
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Saisomboon S, Kariya R, Boonnate P, Sawanyawisuth K, Cha'on U, Luvira V, Chamgramol Y, Pairojkul C, Seubwai W, Silsirivanit A, Wongkham S, Okada S, Jitrapakdee S, Vaeteewoottacharn K. Diminishing acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 attenuates CCA migration via AMPK-NF-κB-snail axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166694. [PMID: 36972768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer of the biliary tract, is a significant health problem in Thailand. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism and upregulation of lipogenic enzymes have been revealed in CCA, but the mechanism is unclear. The current study highlighted the importance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo lipogenesis, on CCA migration. ACC1 expression in human CCA tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that increased ACC1 was related to the shorter survival of CCA patients. Herein, ACC1-deficient cell lines (ACC1-KD) were generated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (cas9) system and were used for the comparative study. The ACC1 levels in ACC1-KD were 80-90 % lower than in parental cells. Suppression of ACC1 significantly reduced intracellular malonyl-CoA and neutral lipid contents. Two-fold growth retardation and 60-80 % reduced CCA cell migration and invasion were observed in ACC1-KD cells. The reduced 20-40 % of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activation, lowered NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and snail expression were emphasized. Migration of ACC1-KD cells was restored by supplementation with palmitic acid and malonyl-CoA. Altogether, the importance of rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, ACC1, and AMPK-NF-κB-snail axis on CCA progression was suggested herein. These might be the novel targets for CCA drug design. (ACC1, AMPK, Cholangiocarcinoma, De novo lipogenesis, NF-κB, Palmitic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluk Saisomboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Piyanard Boonnate
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha'on
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vor Luvira
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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4
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A slimy self-healing gel helps a robotic snail to slither. Nature 2023; 615:565. [PMID: 36918641 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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5
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Hensch NR, Bondra K, Wang L, Sreenivas P, Zhao XR, Modi P, Vaseva AV, Houghton PJ, Ignatius MS. Sensitization to Ionizing Radiation by MEK Inhibition Is Dependent on SNAI2 in Fusion-Negative Rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:123-134. [PMID: 36162055 PMCID: PMC10046682 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma (FN-RMS), a pediatric malignancy with skeletal muscle characteristics, >90% of high-risk patients have mutations that activate the RAS/MEK signaling pathway. We recently discovered that SNAI2, in addition to blocking myogenic differentiation downstream of MEK signaling in FN-RMS, represses proapoptotic BIM expression to protect RMS tumors from ionizing radiation (IR). As clinically relevant concentrations of the MEK inhibitor trametinib elicit poor responses in preclinical xenograft models, we investigated the utility of low-dose trametinib in combination with IR for the treatment of RAS-mutant FN-RMS. We hypothesized that trametinib would sensitize FN-RMS to IR through its downregulation of SNAI2 expression. While we observed little to no difference in myogenic differentiation or cell survival with trametinib treatment alone, robust differentiation and reduced survival were observed after IR. In addition, IR-induced apoptosis was significantly increased in FN-RMS cells treated concurrently with trametinib, as was increased BIM expression. SNAI2's role in these processes was established using overexpression rescue experiments, where overexpression of SNAI2 prevented IR-induced myogenic differentiation and apoptosis. Moreover, combining MEK inhibitor with IR resulted in complete tumor regression and a 2- to 4-week delay in event-free survival (EFS) in preclinical xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of MEK inhibition and IR results in robust differentiation and apoptosis, due to the reduction of SNAI2, which leads to extended EFS in FN-RMS. SNAI2 thus is a potential biomarker of IR insensitivity and target for future therapies to sensitize aggressive sarcomas to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Hensch
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn Bondra
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Long Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Prethish Sreenivas
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiang R. Zhao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Paulomi Modi
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Angelina V. Vaseva
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Myron S. Ignatius
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute (GCCRI), Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Liang M, Li JW, Luo H, Lulu S, Calbay O, Shenoy A, Tan M, Law BK, Huang S, Xiao TS, Chen H, Wu L, Chang J, Lu J. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Suppresses AMPK and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Pyroptosis under Energy Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142208. [PMID: 35883651 PMCID: PMC9322750 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. It remains a challenge to target cancer cells that have undergone EMT. The Snail family of key EMT-inducing transcription factors directly binds to and transcriptionally represses not only epithelial genes but also a myriad of additional genomic targets that may carry out significant biological functions. Therefore, we reasoned that EMT inherently causes various concomitant phenotypes, some of which may create targetable vulnerabilities for cancer treatment. In the present study, we found that Snail transcription factors bind to the promoters of multiple genes encoding subunits of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex, and expression of AMPK genes was markedly downregulated by EMT. Accordingly, high AMPK expression in tumors correlated with epithelial cell markers and low AMPK expression in tumors was strongly associated with adverse prognosis. AMPK is the principal sensor of cellular energy status. In response to energy stress, AMPK is activated and critically reprograms cellular metabolism to restore energy homeostasis and maintain cell survival. We showed that activation of AMPK by energy stress was severely impaired by EMT. Consequently, EMT cancer cells became hypersensitive to a variety of energy stress conditions and primarily underwent pyroptosis, a regulated form of necrotic cell death. Collectively, the study suggests that EMT impedes the activation of AMPK signaling induced by energy stress and sensitizes cancer cells to pyroptotic cell death under energy stress conditions. Therefore, while EMT promotes malignant progression, it concurrently induces collateral vulnerabilities that may be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Jennifer W. Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Huacheng Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Sarah Lulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ozlem Calbay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (O.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Anitha Shenoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (O.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Tsan Sam Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jia Chang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.L.); (J.W.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Shan S, Bao Q, Ma G, Yao Y, Xiong J, You J. Human antigen R affects the migration and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cells via regulating E-cadherin suppressor Snail. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2022; 68:9-16. [PMID: 36227684 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2022.68.6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that the progression and metastasis of lung cancer were associated with human antigen R (HuR), a post-transcriptional RNA-binding protein that stabilize and regulate the expression of many tumor-related genes. Although HuR was shown to affect the expressions of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), a tumor migration suppressor, in airway epithelial cells, esophageal squamous and colon cancer cells, direct evaluation for the effect and mechanism of HuR on the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells is not documented. In this study, HuR was knocked down via RNA interference and overexpressed using recombinant plasmid in adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells. No apparent inhibition of cell viability was observed. HuR knocked down significantly suppressed A549 migration and invasion in scratch wound healing and transwell assays, with an increase in E-cadherin expression, while the overexpression of HuR notably facilitated A549 migration and invasion, with a decrease in E-cadherin level. In addition, immunoprecipitation study showed that HuR directly interacted with Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin, and upregulated the expression of Snail in A549 cells. These combined results suggested that the effect of HuR on A549 migration and invasion was realized by stabilizing and increasing the expression of Snail, which in-turn interfered with the expression of E-cadherin. The finding of this study revealed direct evidence that HuR affected the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells via regulating E-cadherin and Snail, providing an additional reference and mechanistic clue for further researches and therapeutic strategies in treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Shan
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qixue Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guochen Ma
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jia You
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Song J, Fu Q, Liu G, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tao S, Liu R, Li Z. TULP3 silencing suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric cancer via the PTEN/Akt/Snail pathway. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100551. [PMID: 35344762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) is a member of the tubby family, has been related to the development of nervous system by gene knockout researches. Nevertheless, the role of TULP3 in the gastric cancer is not clear. METHODS Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed for the quantitative detection of TULP3 expression in the gastric cancer and consecutive non-cancerous tissues, and gastric cancer cells. The roles of TULP3 in invasion, migration as well as proliferation of the gastric cancer cell in vivo and in vitro through utilizing colony formation, MTT, wound-healing, transwell and mouse xenograft model. Western blotting assay was implemented in order to clarify the potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, electron microscopy and western blot were evaluated TULP3 expression in gastric cancer patient extracted serum exosomes. RESULTS TULP3 expression levels were remarkably upregulated in the gastric cancer tissues and cells. Subsequent functional assays demonstrated that TULP3 downregulation suppressed invasion, migration as well as the proliferation of the gastric cancer cell. Mechanism assays depicted that the PTEN/Akt/Snail signaling pathway can inhibit invasion, migration as well as the proliferation of the gastric cancer cell via TULP3 silencing. Finally, we found that the expression of TULP3 could be determined in the extracted serum exosomes. The expression of TULP3 in gastric cancer group was higher in comparison with normal group. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that TULP3 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Qingsheng Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Chengxiong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China
| | - Shaoneng Tao
- Department of Nuclear medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui Province 241001, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells is a prerequisite to cancer cell invasion and metastasis. This process involves a network of molecular alterations. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the biology of breast cancers, particularly those dependent on AR expression like luminal AR (LAR) breast cancer subtype. We have recently reported that the AR agonist, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), induces a mesenchymal transition of MDA-MB-453 cells, concomitant with transcriptional up-regulation of Slug and regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2). OBJECTIVE The role of Slug and RGS2 in mediating the DHT-induced effects in these cells was investigated. METHODS MDA-MB-453 cells were used as a model system of LAR breast cancer. Immunofluorescence was used to examine cell morphology and protein localization. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. Protein localization was confirmed by cell fractionation followed by immunoblotting. Protein-protein interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. Transwell membranes were used to assess cell migration. Transfection of cells with siRNA molecules that target Slug and RGS2 mRNA was utilized to delineate the modes of action of these two molecules. RESULTS Treatment of MDA-MB-453 cells with DHT induced the expression of both proteins. In addition, AR-Slug, AR-RGS2, and Slug-RGS2 interactions were observed shortly after AR activation. Knocking down Slug abrogated the basal, but not the DHT-induced, cell migration and blocked DHT-induced mesenchymal transition. On the other hand, RGS2 knocked-down cells had an increased level of Slug protein and assumed mesenchymal cell morphology with induced migration, and the addition of DHT further elongated cell morphology and stimulated their migration. Inhibition of AR or β-catenin reverted the RGS2 knocked-down cells to the epithelial phenotype, but only inhibition of AR blocked their DHT-induced migration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the involvement of RGS2 and Slug in a complex molecular network regulating the DHT-induced mesenchymal features in MDA-MB-453 cells. The study may offer a better understanding of the biological role of AR in breast cancer toward devising AR-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Alsafadi
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Randa Bawadi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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10
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Li H, Han G, He D, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang T, Wang J, Du Y, Li G, Wang Y, Zhou J, Liu B. miR-539 Targeting SNAI2 Regulates MMP9 Signaling Pathway and Affects Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Cerebrovascular Occlusive Diseases: A Study Based on Head and Neck Ultrasound and CTA. J Healthc Eng 2021; 2021:5699025. [PMID: 34873439 PMCID: PMC8643252 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5699025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the expression level of miR-539 in the blood-brain barrier permeability induced by cerebrovascular occlusion and its mediated mechanism. Altogether, 48 patients with cerebral vascular occlusion lesions from March 2018 to June 2020 were collected. The expression level of miR-539 in the peripheral blood serum of the subjects was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the participants were divided into two groups according to the results of head and neck ultrasound and CTA hemodynamics. The MCAO model of cerebral ischemia was established in rats, and the expression level of miR-539 was detected by qRT-PCR in brain tissues of different groups of rats. The effects of miR-539 on the permeability of blood-brain barrier were investigated by intraventricular injection of agomiR-539 and antagomir-539. The model of blood-brain barrier was established by culturing brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes in vitro, and the changes of miR-539 expression level and permeability after glucose and oxygen deprivation were detected. The expression level of SNAI2/MMP9 signaling pathway protein in cells was detected by Western blot. Compared with the healthy control group, the expression level of miR-539 in peripheral blood of patients with cerebrovascular occlusive disease decreased significantly, and the expression level of miR-539 in the MCAO rat model decreased and affected the permeability of blood-brain barrier. Glucose and oxygen deprivation treatment in brain microvascular endothelial cells can lead to downregulation of miR-539 expression and affect cell permeability. miR-539 in brain microvascular endothelial cells can target and bind to SNAI2 and participate in the regulation of endothelial cell permeability by affecting the SNAI2/MMP9 signaling pathway. The results of this study suggested that circulating miR-539 in peripheral blood may be a potential marker for predicting blood-brain barrier permeability after ischemic stroke. More detailed studies are needed to determine its diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Neuroelectrophysiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Guochao Han
- Neuroelectrophysiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Dongruo He
- Neuroelectrophysiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Neuroelectrophysiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- CT Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Youli Du
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Fundamentals, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- CT Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Jiexin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Neuroelectrophysiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar 161000, China
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11
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Lim SC, Hwang H, Han SI. Ellagic Acid Inhibits Extracellular Acidity-Induced Invasiveness and Expression of COX1, COX2, Snail, Twist 1, and c-myc in Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123023. [PMID: 31835645 PMCID: PMC6950616 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular acidity has been implicated in enhanced malignancy and metastatic features in various cancer cells. Gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and SNU601) maintained in an acidic medium have increased motility and invasiveness. In this study, we investigated the effect of ellagic acid, a plant-derived phenolic compound, on the acidity-promoted migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Treating cells maintained in acidic medium with ellagic acid inhibited acidity-mediated migration and invasion, and reduced the expression of MMP7 and MMP9. Examining regulatory factors contributing to the acidity-mediated invasiveness, we found that an acidic pH increased the expression of COX1 and COX2; importantly, expression decreased under the ellagic acid treatment. The general COX inhibitor, sulindac, also decreased acidity-mediated invasion and expression of MMP7 and MMP9. In addition, acidity increased the mRNA protein expression of transcription factors snail, twist1, and c-myc; these were also reduced by ellagic acid. Together, these results suggest that ellagic acid suppresses acidity-enhanced migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via inhibition of the expression of multiple factors (COX1, COX2, snail, twist1, and c-myc); for this reason, it may be an effective agent for cancer treatment under acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- BioBank, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Hyoin Hwang
- BioBank, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- Division of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6194; Fax: +82-62-226-5860
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12
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Zhang L, Wu Q, He C, Liang D, Yi Q, Shi J, Wan B, Yang R, Li L, Sha S, Chang Q. HOXB9 inhibits proliferation in gastric carcinoma cells via suppression of phosphorylated-Akt and NF-κB-dependent Snail expression. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:157-165. [PMID: 30314948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HOXB9 is a homeobox transcription factor which plays an important role in carcinoma development. This protein has been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. However, the mechanisms that underpin HOXB9-mediated inhibition of cellular proliferation remain to be elucidated. METHODS In this study, two gastric cancer cell lines, SGC7901 and MKN45, were transfected with plasmids pLVX-HOXB9 and shHOXB9. These transfections resulted in the over-expression of the HOXB9 gene in the SGC7901/HOXB9 cells and knockdown of the HOXB9 gene in the MKN45/shHOXB9 cells. RESULTS Over-expression of the HOXB9 gene in the SGC7901/HOXB9 cells caused an increase in the apoptotic rate and a concomitant reduction in metastatic ability compared with the knocked-down MKN45/shHOXB9 cells. Moreover, a reduction in the expression of the phosphorylated-Akt protein was observed in the SGC7901/HOXB9 cells, while an increase in expression of the same protein was observed in the MKN45/shHOXB9 cells. We also observed that HOXB9 mediated a reduction in both NF-κB and N-cadherin and Snail protein expression. Conversely, HOXB9 caused an increase in the expression of E-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study reports that HOXB9 can suppress both phosphorylated-Akt expression and NF-κB activity. The latter phenomenon affects Snail protein expression and the inhibition of gastric carcinoma proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyu He
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyu Liang
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Yi
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyi Li
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Sha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Chang
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Song YX, Xu ZC, Li HL, Yang PL, Du JK, Xu J. Overexpression of GP73 promotes cell invasion, migration and metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2018; 18:812-821. [PMID: 30217697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult clinical cases to diagnose with a very low 5-year survival rate of 5%, regardless of the advances made in both the medical and surgical treatment of the disease. One of the contributing factors for the high mortality rate seen of pancreatic cancer patients is the lack of effective chemotherapies, which is believed to be due to drug-resistance. Based on recent evidence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (ETM) of pancreatic cancer cells has been found to be associated with the development of drug resistance and an increase in cell invasion. Therefore, we conducted the present study in order to investigate the regulatory effects of Golgi protein-73 (GP73) on PC. GP73 and EMT-related gene expressions in PC, along with the adjacent and chronic pancreatitis tissues were determined by means of RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Cultured PC cells were treated with pAdTrack-CMV, si-NC, GP73 overexpression, Si-GP73, Snail-siRNA and GP73 + Snail-siRNA. Cell invasion, migration and metastasis were measured in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that the PC tissues and chronic pancreatitis tissues exhibited diminished E-cadherin expression and amplified GP73, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail expression. In response to GP73 gene silencing, PC cells presented with increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail expression in addition to the inhibition of the number of invasive cells, tumor volume and number of liver lesions. These findings highly indicated that the overexpression of GP73 promotes cell invasion, migration and metastasis by inducing EMT in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xue Song
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chao Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Pei-Lei Yang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jun-Kai Du
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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14
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Kasai Y, Stahl S, Crews S. Specification of the Drosophila CNS midline cell lineage: direct control of single-minded transcription by dorsal/ventral patterning genes. Gene Expr 2018; 7:171-89. [PMID: 9840810 PMCID: PMC6151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila CNS consists of a bilaterally symmetric group of neurons separated by a discrete group of CNS midline cells. The specification of the CNS midline cell lineage requires transcription of the single-minded gene. Genetic evidence suggests that a group of transcription factors, including Dorsal, Snail, Twist, and Daughterless:: Scute, is required for initial single-minded transcription. Comparison of the DNA sequences of the single-minded gene regulatory regions between two Drosophila species reveals conserved sequence elements. Biochemical studies using purified proteins indicate that a number of these conserved sequences represent binding sites for Dorsal, Snail, and Twist. In vitro mutagenesis combined with germline transformation indicates that these binding sites are required in vivo for single-minded mesectodermal transcription. These results show that single-minded transcription and, thus, CNS midline specification is directly controlled by dorsal/ventral patterning transcription factors. They also suggest a model in which multiple transcriptional activators function in a cooperative, concentration-dependent mode in combination with a transcriptional repressor to restrict single-minded transcription to the CNS midline precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kasai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260
| | - Stephanie Stahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260
| | - Stephen Crews
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260
- Address correspondence to Stephen Crews, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Mary Ellen Jones Bldg., The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7260. Tel: (919) 962-4380; Fax: (919) 962-3155; E-mail:
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15
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Xu T, Yuan Y, Xiao DJ. The clinical relationship between the slug-mediated Puma/p53 signaling pathway and radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:953-958. [PMID: 28338201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical relationship between the Slug-mediated Puma/p53 signaling pathway and radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty surgical specimens were collected from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated at our hospital between February 2010 and February 2015. Twenty patients with poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with and without radiotherapy resistance were included in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Slug, Puma, and p53 expression were quantified in all tissues using fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Slug and p53 mRNA levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Puma mRNA levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.01). Slug protein expression was significantly higher in the experimental group (6.07 ± 0.203 μg/L) than in the control group (1.24 ± 0.171 μg/L) (p < 0.01). p53 protein expression was significantly higher in the experimental group (4.28 ± 0.108 μg/L) than in the control group (0.63 ± 0.101 μg/L) (p < 0.01). Puma protein expression was significantly lower in the experimental group (0.43 ± 0.11 μg/L) than in the control group (3.37 ± 0.112 μg/L) (v < 0.01). The number of Slug, Puma, and p53-positive cells in the experimental group and the control group were quantified; these values confirmed the ELISA and Western blot findings. CONCLUSIONS Slug downregulated the Puma protein expression signaling pathway and promoted radiotherapy resistance in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma tissue, in a p53-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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16
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Abstract
Failure of secondary palate fusion during embryogenesis is a cause of cleft palate. Disappearance of the medial epithelial seam (MES) is required to allow merging of the mesenchyme from both palatal shelves. This involves complex changes of the medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells and surrounding structures that are controlled by several genes whose spatio-temporal expression is tightly regulated. We have carried out morphological analyses and used a semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique to evaluate whether morphological changes and modulation in the expression of putative key genes, such as twist, snail, and E-cadherin, during the fusion process in palate organ culture parallel those observed in vivo, and show that this is indeed the case. We also show, using the organotypic model of palate fusion, that the down-regulation of the transcription factor snail that occurs with the progression of palate development is not dependent on fusion of the palatal shelves. Abbreviations: dsg1, desmoglein1; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; MEE, medial edge epithelium; MES, medial epithelial seam; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pungchanchaikul
- Developmental Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Cui Z, Hu Y. MicroRNA-124 suppresses Slug-mediated lung cancer metastasis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3802-3811. [PMID: 27735038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer but its carcinogenesis remains not completely elucidated. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in the development of various cancers, including NSCLC, whereas a role of miR-124 in the pathogenesis of NSCLC has not been reported. Here we addressed these questions. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the levels of Slug and miR-124 in NSCLC tissue, compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissue. We also examined the relationship between miR-124 and Slug. The levels of miR-124 were then modified in NSCLC cells, and then the effects on cell invasion were evaluated. RESULTS We detected significantly higher levels of Slug and significantly lower levels of miR-124 in NSCLC tissue, compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissue, and the values of miR-124 and Slug were inversely correlated. Moreover, the low miR-124 levels in NSCLC specimens were associated with poor survival of the patients. In vitro, overexpression of miR-124 significantly inhibited cell invasion, while depletion of miR-124 increased cell invasion in NSCLC cells. The effects of miR-124 on cell growth appeared to result from its regulation of Slug. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights miR-124 as a previously unrecognized factor that controls NSCLC invasiveness, and the findings here may be important for developing an innovative therapeutic treatment for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cui
- Medical Oncology Department I, General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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18
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Xiang W, Qi ST, Liu YW, Li HZ, Zhou Q, Yi GZ, Chen ZY, Yan L. [RNA interference of PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 inhibits invasion and migration of U87 glioma cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 36:802-806. [PMID: 27320882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1 (PSIP1) on invasion and migration of human glioma U87 cells. METHODS Chemically synthesized siRNA targeting PSIP1 gene was transfected into U87 cells via lipofectamine, and the gene silencing effect was determined using real-time PCR. The changes in the invasion and migration abilities of the transfected cells were assessed with Transwell assay and wound healing assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of N-cadherin, β-catenin and the transcription factor Slug. RESULTS The mRNA and protein level of PSIP1 was significantly reduced in U87 cells after transfection with PSIP1 siRNA (P<0.0001). PSIP1 knockdown in U87 cells resulted in significant suppression of cell invasion and migration abilities (P<0.01) and also reduced N-cadherin, β-catenin and Slug expressions. CONCLUSION s Silencing of PSIP1 impairs the invasion and migration abilities of glioma cells and lowers the expressions of N-cadherin, β-catenin and Slug, suggesting that PSIP1 may regulate Slug by classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promote the invasion and migration of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. E-mail:
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Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an evolutionarily conserved process during which cells lose epithelial characteristics and gain a migratory phenotype. Although downregulation of epithelial cadherins by Snail and other transcriptional repressors is generally considered a prerequisite for EMT, recent studies have challenged this view. Here we investigate the relationship between E-cadherin and P-cadherin expression and localization, Snail function and EMT during gastrulation in chicken embryos. Expression analyses show that while E-cadherin transcripts are detected in the epiblast but not in the primitive streak or mesoderm, P-cadherin mRNA and protein are present in the epiblast, primitive and mesoderm. Antibodies that specifically recognize E-cadherin are not presently available. During EMT, P-cadherin relocalizes from the lateral surfaces of epithelial epiblast cells to a circumferential distribution in emerging mesodermal cells. Cells electroporated with an E-cadherin expression construct undergo EMT and migrate into the mesoderm. An examination of Snail function showed that reduction of Slug (SNAI2) protein levels using a morpholino fails to inhibit EMT, and expression of human or chicken Snail in epiblast cells fails to induce EMT. In contrast, cells expressing the Rho inhibitor peptide C3 rapidly exit the epiblast without activating Slug or the mesoderm marker N-cadherin. Together, these experiments show that epiblast cells undergo EMT while retaining P-cadherin, and raise questions about the mechanisms of EMT regulation during avian gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pricila K. Moly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 245217, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States of America
| | - James R. Cooley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 245217, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States of America
| | - Sebastian L. Zeltzer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 245217, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States of America
| | - Tatiana A. Yatskievych
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 245217, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States of America
| | - Parker B. Antin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel Street, P.O. Box 245217, Tucson, AZ, 85724, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhou L, Hu YL, Wu SW, Yu L, Cheng ZN, Zhu B. [Expressions of Slug, ZEB1 and KISS-1 in gastric adenocarcinoma and their clinical significance]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 36:532-537. [PMID: 27113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential markers for predicting invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). METHODS The expressions of Slug, ZEB1 and KISS-1 were detected immunohistochemically in 261 GAC tissues and 80 normal gastric tissues. RESULTS The positivity rates of Slug, ZEB1, and KISS-1 in gastric tissues were 2.5%, 1.3%, and 87.5%, respectively, significantly different from the rates of 62.1%, 28.4%, and 41.1% in GAC tissues (P<0.05). The expression level of Slug was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and pTNM stages; the positivity rates of both ZEB1 and KISS-1 were significantly correlated with the tumor grade, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and pTNM stages. Slug expression was positively correlated with ZEB1 expression, and KISS-1 expression was inversely correlated with Slug and ZEB1 expressions. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival time of patients with positive expressions of Slug and ZEB1 was significantly shorter than that of the negative patients, and the survival time of patients positive for KISS-1 was significantly longer than the negative patients. COX multivariate analysis showed that positive Slug, ZEB1 and KISS-1 protein expressions and pTNM stages were independent prognostic factors of GAC (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The abnormal expressions of Slug, ZEB1 and KISS-1 may contribute to the tumorigenesis of GAC and are related with lymph node metastasis, pTNM stages, and prognosis of GAC. The combined detection of Slug, ZEB1, and KISS-1 expression has an important value in predicting the progression and prognosis of GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China. E-mail:
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Sflomos G, Dormoy V, Metsalu T, Jeitziner R, Battista L, Scabia V, Raffoul W, Delaloye JF, Treboux A, Fiche M, Vilo J, Ayyanan A, Brisken C. A Preclinical Model for ERα-Positive Breast Cancer Points to the Epithelial Microenvironment as Determinant of Luminal Phenotype and Hormone Response. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:407-422. [PMID: 26947176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-five percent of breast cancers are estrogen receptor α positive (ER⁺). Research on these tumors is hampered by lack of adequate in vivo models; cell line xenografts require non-physiological hormone supplements, and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are hard to establish. We show that the traditional grafting of ER⁺ tumor cells into mammary fat pads induces TGFβ/SLUG signaling and basal differentiation when they require low SLUG levels to grow in vivo. Grafting into the milk ducts suppresses SLUG; ER⁺ tumor cells develop, like their clinical counterparts, in the presence of physiological hormone levels. Intraductal ER⁺ PDXs are retransplantable, predictive, and appear genomically stable. The model provides opportunities for translational research and the study of physiologically relevant hormone action in breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerian Dormoy
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tauno Metsalu
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Rachel Jeitziner
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Battista
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Scabia
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Raffoul
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Assya Treboux
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maryse Fiche
- Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaak Vilo
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Ayyakkannu Ayyanan
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SV2.832 Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Wang H, Wang Y, Du Q, Lu P, Fan H, Lu J, Hu R. Inflammasome-independent NLRP3 is required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:184-92. [PMID: 26968633 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasome NLRP3 plays a crucial role in the process of colitis and colitis--associated colon cancer. Even though much is known regarding the NLRP3 inflammasome that regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine release in innate immune cells, the role of NLRP3 in non-immune cells is still unclear. In this study, we showed that NLRP3 was highly expressed in mesenchymal-like colon cancer cells (SW620), and was upregulated by tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) respectively, during EMT in colon cancer epithelial cells HCT116 and HT29. Knockdown of NLRP3 retained epithelial spindle-like morphology of HCT116 and HT29 cells and reversed the mesenchymal characteristic of SW620 cells, indicated by the decreased expression of vimentin and MMP9 and increased expression of E-cadherin. In addition, knockdown of NLRP3 in colorectal carcinoma cells displayed diminished cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, during the EMT process induced by TNF-α or TGF-β1, the cleaved caspase-1 and ASC speck were not detected, indicating that NLRP3 functions in an inflammasome-independent way. Further studies demonstrated that NLRP3 protein expression was regulated by NF-κB signaling in TNF-α or TGF-β1-induced EMT, as verified by the NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082. Moreover, NLRP3 knockdown reduced the expression of Snail1, indicating that NLRP3 may promote EMT through regulating Snail1. In summary, our results showed that the NLRP3 expression, not the inflammasome activation, was required for EMT in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Qianming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jinrong Lu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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23
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Bai XY, Zhang XC, Yang SQ, An SJ, Chen ZH, Su J, Xie Z, Gou LY, Wu YL. Blockade of Hedgehog Signaling Synergistically Increases Sensitivity to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149370. [PMID: 26943330 PMCID: PMC4778934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem-like cell (CSC) maintenance; both processes can result in tumor progression and treatment resistance in several types of human cancer. Hh cooperates with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in embryogenesis. We found that the Hh signaling pathway was silenced in EGFR-TKI-sensitive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, while it was inappropriately activated in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells, accompanied by EMT induction and ABCG2 overexpression. Upregulation of Hh signaling through extrinsic SHH exposure downregulated E-cadherin expression and elevated Snail and ABCG2 expression, resulting in gefitinib tolerance (P < 0.001) in EGFR-TKI-sensitive cells. Blockade of the Hh signaling pathway using the SMO antagonist SANT-1 restored E-cadherin expression and downregulate Snail and ABCG2 in EGFR-TKI-resistant cells. A combination of SANT-1 and gefitinib markedly inhibited tumorigenesis and proliferation in EGFR-TKI-resistant cells (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that hyperactivity of Hh signaling resulted in EGFR-TKI resistance, by EMT introduction and ABCG2 upregulation, and blockade of Hh signaling synergistically increased sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in primary and secondary resistant NSCLC cells. E-cadherin expression may be a potential biomarker of the suitability of the combined application of an Hh inhibitor and EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Su-Qing Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - She-Juan An
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lan-Ying Gou
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou 510080, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Stasiak M, Boncela J, Perreau C, Karamanou K, Chatron-Colliet A, Proult I, Przygodzka P, Chakravarti S, Maquart FX, Kowalska MA, Wegrowski Y, Brézillon S. Lumican Inhibits SNAIL-Induced Melanoma Cell Migration Specifically by Blocking MMP-14 Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150226. [PMID: 26930497 PMCID: PMC4773148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumican, a small leucine rich proteoglycan, inhibits MMP-14 activity and melanoma cell migration in vitro and in vivo. Snail triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transitions endowing epithelial cells with migratory and invasive properties during tumor progression. The aim of this work was to investigate lumican effects on MMP-14 activity and migration of Snail overexpressing B16F1 (Snail-B16F1) melanoma cells and HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Lumican inhibits the Snail induced MMP-14 activity in B16F1 but not in HT-29 cells. In Snail-B16F1 cells, lumican inhibits migration, growth, and melanoma primary tumor development. A lumican-based strategy targeting Snail-induced MMP-14 activity might be useful for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Stasiak
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Corinne Perreau
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
| | - Konstantina Karamanou
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aurore Chatron-Colliet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
| | - Isabelle Proult
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
| | | | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - François-Xavier Maquart
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CHU de Reims, Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Reims, France
| | - M. Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
- Division of Hematology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yanusz Wegrowski
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et de Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- * E-mail:
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25
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Rafehi S, Ramos Valdes Y, Bertrand M, McGee J, Préfontaine M, Sugimoto A, DiMattia GE, Shepherd TG. TGFβ signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in ovarian cancer ascites-derived spheroids. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:147-59. [PMID: 26647384 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves as a key mechanism driving tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in many carcinomas. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling is implicated in several steps during cancer pathogenesis and acts as a classical inducer of EMT. Since epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells have the potential to switch between epithelial and mesenchymal states during metastasis, we predicted that modulation of TGFβ signaling would significantly impact EMT and the malignant potential of EOC spheroid cells. Ovarian cancer patient ascites-derived cells naturally underwent an EMT response when aggregating into spheroids, and this was reversed upon spheroid re-attachment to a substratum. CDH1/E-cadherin expression was markedly reduced in spheroids compared with adherent cells, in concert with an up-regulation of several transcriptional repressors, i.e., SNAI1/Snail, TWIST1/2, and ZEB2. Treatment of EOC spheroids with the TGFβ type I receptor inhibitor, SB-431542, potently blocked the endogenous activation of EMT in spheroids. Furthermore, treatment of spheroids with SB-431542 upon re-attachment enhanced the epithelial phenotype of dispersing cells and significantly decreased cell motility and Transwell migration. Spheroid formation was significantly compromised by exposure to SB-431542 that correlated with a reduction in cell viability particularly in combination with carboplatin treatment. Thus, our findings are the first to demonstrate that intact TGFβ signaling is required to control EMT in EOC ascites-derived cell spheroids, and it promotes the malignant characteristics of these structures. As such, we show the therapeutic potential for targeted inhibition of this pathway in ovarian cancer patients with late-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Rafehi
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique Bertrand
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
| | - Jacob McGee
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Préfontaine
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
| | - Gabriel E DiMattia
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
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26
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Xu XY, Chai JJ, Chen YP, Rui HL, Wang YY, Dong HR, Man YL, Cheng H. Hirsutella sinensis Attenuates Aristolochic Acid-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting TGF-β1 and Snail Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149242. [PMID: 26890569 PMCID: PMC4759455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of Hirsutella sinensis (HS) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by aristolochic acid (AA) and its possible mechanism. METHODS 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into the following 3 groups: AA group, AA+HS group and control group. Urinary protein excretion and creatinine clearance (CCr) were measured. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 12th week. The pathological examination of renal tissue was performed and the mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cytokeratin-18 and Snail in renal cortex were determined by real time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining respectively. In addition, human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells line (HKC) was divided into the following 4 groups: AA group, AA+HS group, HS control group and control group. The above mRNA and protein expression in HKC was determined by real time quantitative PCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS (1) CCr was significantly decreased, and the urinary protein excretion and relative area of renal interstitial fibrosis were significantly increased in the rats of AA and AA+HS group compared to those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); all the above abnormalities significantly lightened in the rats of AA+HS group compared to those in AA group (P<0.05). (2) The mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA and Snail was significantly up-regulated and the expression of cytokeratin-18 was significantly down-regulated in the rat renal cortex as well as in the cultured HKC cells in AA and AA+HS groups compared to those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); all the above abnormalities significantly alleviated in AA+HS group compared to those in AA group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) Knockdown endogenous Snail expression by siRNA could ameliorate AA-induced EMT of HKC cells, while overexpression of Snail by plasmid transfection diminished the antagonistic effect of HS on AA-induced EMT. These results suggest Snail might be a potential target of HS effect. CONCLUSION HS is able to antagonize, to some extent, tubular EMT and renal interstitial fibrosis caused by AA, which might be related to its inhibitory effects on the TGF-β1 and Snail expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing-jing Chai
- Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi-pu Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hong-liang Rui
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-yan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong-rui Dong
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-lin Man
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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Inoue H, Takahashi H, Hashimura M, Eshima K, Akiya M, Matsumoto T, Saegusa M. Cooperation of Sox4 with β-catenin/p300 complex in transcriptional regulation of the Slug gene during divergent sarcomatous differentiation in uterine carcinosarcoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:53. [PMID: 26841870 PMCID: PMC4739330 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) represents a true example of cancer associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which exhibits cancer stem cell (CSC)-like traits. Both Sox and β-catenin signal transductions play key roles in the regulation of EMT/CSC properties, but little is known about their involvement in UCS tumorigenesis. Herein, we focused on the functional roles of the Sox/β-catenin pathway in UCSs. METHODS EMT/CSC tests and transfection experiments were carried out using three endometrial carcinoma (Em Ca) cell lines. Immunohistochemical investigation was also applied for a total of 32 UCSs. RESULTS Em Ca cells cultured in STK2, a serum-free medium for mesenchymal stem cells, underwent changes in morphology toward an EMT appearance through downregulation of E-cadherin, along with upregulation of Slug, known as a target gene of β-catenin. The cells also showed CSC properties with an increase in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1(high) activity population and spheroid formation, as well as upregulation of Sox4, Sox7, and Sox9. Of these Sox factors, overexpression of Sox4 dramatically led to transactivation of the Slug promoter, and the effects were further enhanced by cotransfection of Sox7 or Sox9. Sox4 was also able to promote β-catenin-mediated transcription of the Slug gene through formation of transcriptional complexes with β-catenin and p300, independent of TCF4 status. In clinical samples, both nuclear β-catenin and Slug scores were significantly higher in the sarcomatous elements as compared to carcinomatous components in UCSs, and were positively correlated with Sox4, Sox7, and Sox9 scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that Sox4, as well as Sox7 and Sox9, may contribute to regulation of EMT/CSC properties to promote development of sarcomatous components in UCSs through transcriptional regulation of the Slug gene by cooperating with the β-catenin/p300 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Inoue
- Department of Pathology, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Miki Hashimura
- Department of Pathology, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Koji Eshima
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Masashi Akiya
- Department of Pathology, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Makoto Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
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Leone L, Mazzetta F, Martinelli D, Valente S, Alimandi M, Raffa S, Santino I. Klebsiella pneumoniae Is Able to Trigger Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process in Cultured Airway Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146365. [PMID: 26812644 PMCID: PMC4727911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of some bacterial pathogens to activate Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition normally is a consequence of the persistence of a local chronic inflammatory response or depends on a direct interaction of the pathogens with the host epithelial cells. In this study we monitored the abilities of the K. pneumoniae to activate the expression of genes related to EMT-like processes and the occurrence of phenotypic changes in airway epithelial cells during the early steps of cell infection. We describe changes in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased HIF-1α mRNA expression in cells exposed to K. pneumoniae infection. We also describe the upregulation of a set of transcription factors implicated in the EMT processes, such as Twist, Snail and ZEB, indicating that the morphological changes of epithelial cells already appreciable after few hours from the K. pneumoniae infection are tightly regulated by the activation of transcriptional pathways, driving epithelial cells to EMT. These effects appear to be effectively counteracted by resveratrol, an antioxidant that is able to exert a sustained scavenging of the intracellular ROS. This is the first report indicating that strains of K. pneumoniae may promote EMT-like programs through direct interaction with epithelial cells without the involvement of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leone
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Mazzetta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabatino Valente
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Alimandi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Cellular Diagnostics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Santino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Zhao L, Wang X, Sun L, Nie H, Liu X, Chen Z, Guan G. Critical role of serum response factor in podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition of diabetic nephropathy. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:81-92. [PMID: 26408645 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115588545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression and function of serum response factor in podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS The expression of serum response factor, epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers was examined in podocytes or renal cortex tissues following high glucose. Serum response factor was upregulated by its plasmids and downregulated by CCG-1423 to investigate how it influenced podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin was used to generate diabetes mellitus in rats. RESULTS In podocytes after high glucose treatment, serum response factor and mesenchymal markers increased, while epithelial markers declined. Similar changes were observed in vivo. Serum response factor overexpression in podocytes induced expression of Snail, an important transcription factor mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Blockade of serum response factor reduced Snail induction, protected podocytes from epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ameliorated proteinuria. CONCLUSION Together, increased serum response factor activity provokes podocytes' epithelial-mesenchymal transition and dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy. Targeting serum response factor by small-molecule inhibitor may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Nephrology Research Institute, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Nephrology Research Institute, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Sun
- Nephrology Research Institute, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Nie
- Nephrology Research Institute, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangchun Liu
- Nephrology Research Institute, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Nephrology Research Institute, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangju Guan
- Nephrology Research Institute, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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30
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Au HK, Chang JH, Wu YC, Kuo YC, Chen YH, Lee WC, Chang TS, Lan PC, Kuo HC, Lee KL, Lee MT, Tzeng CR, Huang YH. TGF-βI Regulates Cell Migration through Pluripotent Transcription Factor OCT4 in Endometriosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145256. [PMID: 26675296 PMCID: PMC4682958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF-β)/TGF-β receptor signal is known to promote cell migration. Up-regulation of TGF-β in serum/peritoneal fluid and increased levels of pluripotent transcription factor OCT4 in endometriotic tissues are frequently observed in patients with endometriosis. However, the mechanisms underlying how TGF-β/TGF-β receptor and OCT4 affect endometriotic cell migration still remain largely unknown. Therefore, endometriotic tissue with high cell migratory capacity were collected from patients with adenomyotic myometrium (n = 23) and chocolate cyst (n = 24); and endometrial tissue with low cell migratory capacity in normal endometrium or hyperplastic endometrium (n = 8) were collected as the controls. We found the mRNA levels of TGF-β receptor I (TGF-β RI) and OCT4 were significantly higher in the high-migratory ectopic endometriotic tissues than those of the low-migratory normal or hyperplastic endometrium. Positive correlations between TGF-β RI and OCT4, and either TGF-β RI or OCT4 with migration-related genes (SNAIL, SLUG and TWIST) regarding the mRNA levels were observed in human endometriotic tissues. TGF-βI dose-dependently increased the gene and protein levels of OCT4, SNAIL and N-Cadherin (N-CAD) and silencing of endogenous OCT4 significantly suppressed the TGF-βI-induced expressions of N-CAD and SNAIL in primary human endometriotic stromal cells and human endometrial carcinoma cell lines RL95-2 and HEC1A. Furthermore, TGF-βI significantly increased the migration ability of endometriotic cells and silencing of OCT4 dramatically suppressed the TGF-βI-induced cell migration activity evidenced by wound-closure assay, transwell assay, and confocal image of F-actin cellular distribution. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that the niche TGF-β plays a critical role in initiating expressions of pluripotent transcription factor OCT4 which may contribute to the ectopic endometrial growth by stimulating endometrial cell migration. These findings would be useful for developing therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-β-OCT4 signaling to prevent endometriosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Kien Au
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kha-Liang Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tsu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ruey Tzeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Yuan CT, Li XX, Cheng QJ, Wang YH, Wang JH, Liu CL. MiR-30a regulates the atrial fibrillation-induced myocardial fibrosis by targeting snail 1. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:15527-15536. [PMID: 26884822 PMCID: PMC4730035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims at assessing the association between miR-30a along with its target gene snail 1 and atrial fibrillation (AF)-induced myocardial fibrosis. METHODS Ang II was used to up-regulate cardiac fibroblasts fibrosis in vitro, and then the cardiac fibroblasts were divided into the mimics group (mimics miR-30a), inhibitors group (inhibitors miR-30a), NC group (transfected miR-30a, negative control) and blank control group (non-transfected cells). Two-group (sham operated group and rapid pacing group) AF rabbit models were constructed according to whether rapid pacing was presented in the subject. Then the establishment of rabbit models was examined using histopathology after Masson staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of snail 1 and periostin in cardiac fibroblasts and myocardial tissues were detected using the method of RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS In vitro, our experiment showed that overexpression of miR-30a in cardiac fibroblasts contribute to a significant decrease in the average expression level of snail 1 and periostin (P < 0.05) whereas inhibition of miR-30a significantly increased the average expression level of snail 1 and periostin (P < 0.05). In vivo, the average expression level of miR-30a significantly decreased in myocardial tissues with an increased degree of myocardial fibrosis, while the snail 1 and periostin expression level significantly increased during a certain period of time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-30a target snail 1 protein may be related to AF-induced myocardial fibrosis. The average expression levels of snail 1 increased significantly in both myocardial cells and tissues, while miR-30a could inhibit the expression of snail 1. Thus, we speculate that miR-30a and snail 1 may be potential therapeutic targets for curing AF-induced myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Tao Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityShandong, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityShandong, China
| | - Qian-Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityShandong, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Department of CT, The Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie-Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityShandong, China
| | - Chao-Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiiated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityShandong, China
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Gong X, Tao Y, Zhou L, Yu L, Wu S, Song W, Wang D, Cheng Z. [Expressions of Snail, Slug and KAI1 proteins in cervical carcinoma and their clinicopathological significance]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2015; 35:1733-1738. [PMID: 26714907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of Snail and Slug in primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and their relationship with KAI1 expression. METHODS The expressions of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry in 154 specimens of CSCC tissues, 50 specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), and 40 specimens of normal cervical tissues. RESULTS The positivity rates of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 expression were 0%, 2.5%, and 95.0% in normal cervical tissues, 32.0%, 34.0% and 64.0% in CIN tissues, and 66.2%, 66.9%, and 43.5% in CSCC tissues, respectively, showing significant differences in the rates among the 3 groups (P<0.05). The expressions of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 were significantly correlated with the histological grades of the tumor, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages, and postoperative survival time (P<0.05). The expressions of Snail and Slug were positively correlated (r=0.752, P<0.001), and both of them were negatively correlated with the expression of KAI1 (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients positive for Snail and Slug had significantly lower survival rates than the negative patients (P<0.001), while a positive expression of KAI1 was associated with a higher survival rate of the patients. Cox regression analysis identified Snail, KAI1, and FIGO stage as independent factors that affected the outcomes of CSCC (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The expressions of Snail, Slug, and KAI1 are related to the tumor grade, FIGO stage, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis of CSCC, and their combined detection can help estimate the outcomes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Gong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China. E-mail:
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Han D, Wu G, Chang C, Zhu F, Xiao Y, Li Q, Zhang T, Zhang L. Disulfiram inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem-like features in breast cancer via ERK/NF-κB/Snail pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 6:40907-19. [PMID: 26517513 PMCID: PMC4747377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF), an anti-alcoholism drug, has been reported as an inhibitor of NF-κB. NF-κB is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with TGF-β to induce EMT and cancer stem-like features and studied whether DSF can reverse this process. We found that DSF inhibited TGF-β induced EMT in breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, DSF inhibited EMT-associated stem-like features, migration and invasion of tumor cells as well as tumor growth in xenograft model. The activation of NF-κB was linked with EMT and stem-like cells. We conclude that DSF can suppress NF-κB activity and downregulate ERK/NF-κB/Snail pathway, leading to reverse EMT and stem-like features. Our data suggest that DSF inhibits EMT and stem-like properties in breast cancer cells associated with inhibition of the ERK/NF-κB/Snail pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chan Chang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Asanoma K, Liu G, Yamane T, Miyanari Y, Takao T, Yagi H, Ohgami T, Ichinoe A, Sonoda K, Wake N, Kato K. Regulation of the Mechanism of TWIST1 Transcription by BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:4096-109. [PMID: 26391953 PMCID: PMC4648814 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00678-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 (BHLHE40/41) are basic helix-loop-helix type transcription factors that play key roles in multiple cell behaviors. BHLHE40/41 were recently shown to be involved in an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanism of EMT control by BHLHE40/41 remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that BHLHE40/41 expression was controlled in a pathological stage-dependent manner in human endometrial cancer (HEC). Our in vitro assays showed that BHLHE40/41 suppressed tumor cell invasion. BHLHE40/41 also suppressed the transcription of the EMT effectors SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST1. We identified the critical promoter regions of TWIST1 for its basal transcriptional activity. We elucidated that the transcription factor SP1 was involved in the basal transcriptional activity of TWIST1 and that BHLHE40/41 competed with SP1 for DNA binding to regulate gene transcription. This study is the first to report the detailed functions of BHLHE40 and BHLHE41 in the suppression of EMT effectors in vitro. Our results suggest that BHLHE40/41 suppress tumor cell invasion by inhibiting EMT in tumor cells. We propose that BHLHE40/41 are promising markers to predict the aggressiveness of each HEC case and that molecular targeting strategies involving BHLHE40/41 and SP1 may effectively regulate HEC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ge Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takako Yamane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyanari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ohgami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akimasa Ichinoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sonoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Wake
- Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Jungebluth P, Holzgraefe B, Lim ML, Duru AD, Lundin V, Heldring N, Wiklander OPB, Nordin JZ, Chrobok M, Roderburg C, Sjöqvist S, Anderstam B, Beltrán Rodríguez A, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Roddewig KG, Jones P, Wood MJA, Luedde T, Teixeira AI, Hermanson O, Winqvist O, Kalzén H, El Andaloussi S, Alici E, Macchiarini P. Autologous Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Treatment in Refractory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Respiration 2015; 90:481-492. [PMID: 26613253 DOI: 10.1159/000441799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating disorder. Despite enormous efforts in clinical research, effective treatment options are lacking, and mortality rates remain unacceptably high. OBJECTIVES A male patient with severe ARDS showed no clinical improvement with conventional therapies. Hence, an emergent experimental intervention was performed. METHODS We performed intratracheal administration of autologous peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and erythropoietin (EPO). RESULTS We found that after 2 days of initial PBMC/EPO application, lung function improved and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was reduced. Bronchoscopy and serum inflammatory markers revealed reduced inflammation. Additionally, serum concentration of miR-449a, b, c and miR-34a, a transient upregulation of E-cadherin and associated chromatin marks in PBMCs indicated airway epithelial differentiation. Extracellular vesicles from PBMCs demonstrated anti-inflammatory capacity in a TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-x03BA;B in vitro assay. Despite improving respiratory function, the patient died of multisystem organ failure on day 38 of ECMO treatment. CONCLUSIONS This case report provides initial encouraging evidence to use locally instilled PBMC/EPO for treatment of severe refractory ARDS. The observed clinical improvement may partially be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of PBMC/EPO to promote tissue regeneration. Further studies are needed for more in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of in vivo regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jungebluth
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Guyot E, Solovyova Y, Tomkiewicz C, Leblanc A, Pierre S, El Balkhi S, Le Frère-Belda MA, Lecuru F, Poupon J, Barouki R, Aggerbeck M, Coumoul X. Determination of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Normal and Pathological Human Endometrial Biopsies and In Vitro Regulation of Gene Expression by Metals in the Ishikawa and Hec-1b Endometrial Cell Line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142590. [PMID: 26600472 PMCID: PMC4657954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that several metals, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and vanadium, can mimic the effects of estrogens (metallo-estrogens). Nevertheless, there are only a few studies that have assessed the effects of toxic metals on the female genital tract and, in particular, endometrial tissue. In this context, we measured the concentrations of several trace elements in human endometrial tissue samples from individuals with hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma and in normal tissues. Hyperplasic endometrial tissue has a 4-fold higher concentration of mercury than normal tissue. Mercury can affect both the AhR and ROS signaling pathways. Thus, we investigated the possible toxic effects of mercury by in vitro studies. We found that mercury increases oxidative stress (increased HO1 and NQO1 mRNA levels) and alters the cytoskeleton in the human endometrial Ishikawa cell line and to a lesser extent, in the "less-differentiated" human endometrial Hec-1b cells. The results might help to explain a potential link between this metal and the occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Guyot
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yevgeniya Solovyova
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Institute of Urgent and Recovery Surgery named after V.K. Gusak of the Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences, Donetsk; 47, avenue Leninsky, Donetsk- 83045, Ukraine
| | - Céline Tomkiewicz
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Alix Leblanc
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pierre
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Souleiman El Balkhi
- Laboratoire de toxicologie biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aude Le Frère-Belda
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique et cancérologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Lecuru
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique et cancérologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Joël Poupon
- Laboratoire de toxicologie biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, service de biochimie métabolique, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicologie Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Centre universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Azmi AS, Muqbil I, Wu J, Aboukameel A, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Bollig-Fischer A, Dyson G, Kauffman M, Landesman Y, Shacham S, Philip PA, Mohammad RM. Targeting the Nuclear Export Protein XPO1/CRM1 Reverses Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16077. [PMID: 26536918 PMCID: PMC4633607 DOI: 10.1038/srep16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate for the first time that targeted inhibition of nuclear exporter protein exportin 1 (XPO1) also known as chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1) by Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds results in reversal of EMT in snail-transduced primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). SINE compounds selinexor (KPT-330) and KPT-185, leptomycin B (LMB as +ve control) but not KPT-301 (-ve control) reverse EMT, suppress mesenchymal markers and consequently induce growth inhibition, apoptosis and prevent spheroid formation. SINE treatment resulted in nuclear retention of snail regulator FBXL5 that was concurrent with suppression of snail and down-regulation of mesenchymal markers. FBXL5 siRNA or transfection with cys528 mut-Xpo1 (lacking SINE binding site) markedly abrogated SINE activity highlighting an XPO1 and FBXL5 mediated mechanism of action. Silencing XPO1 or snail caused re-expression of FBXL5 as well as EMT reversal. Pathway analysis on SINE treated HMECs further verified the involvement of additional F-Box family proteins and confirmed the suppression of snail network. Oral administration of selinexor (15 mg/kg p.o. QoDx3/week for 3weeks) resulted in complete cures (no tumor rebound at 120 days) of HMLER-Snail xenografts. These findings raise the unique possibility of blocking EMT at the nuclear pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201
| | - Jack Wu
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201
| | | | | | | | - Philip A. Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201
| | - Ramzi M. Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201
- iTRI Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha Qatar
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Abstract
CONTEXT Activin A increases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 expression and cell invasion in human trophoblasts, but whether the expression of MMP2 is essential for the proinvasive effect of activin A has yet to be determined. Moreover, the identity of the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK; TGF-β type I receptors) and downstream transcription factors (eg, SNAIL and SLUG) mediating the effects of activin on MMP2 expression and trophoblast cell invasion remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of MMP2 in activin A-induced human trophoblast cell invasion as well as the involvement of ALK4 and SNAIL. DESIGN HTR8/SVneo immortalized human extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) cells and primary cultures of human first-trimester EVT cells were used as study models. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown approaches were used to investigate the molecular determinants of activin A-mediated functions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Levels of mRNA and protein were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell invasiveness was measured by Matrigel-coated transwell assays. RESULTS Treatment of HTR8/SVneo cells with activin A increased the production of SNAIL, SLUG, and MMP2 without altering that of MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP2, TWIST, RUNX2, ZEB1, or ZEB2. Similarly, activin A up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of SNAIL and MMP2 in primary EVT cells. Knockdown of SNAIL attenuated activin A-induced MMP2 up-regulation in HTR8/SVneo and primary EVT cells. In HTR8/SVneo cells, activin A-induced production of SNAIL and MMP2 was abolished by pretreatment with the TGF-β type I receptor (ALK4/5/7) inhibitor SB431542 or siRNA targeting ALK4, SMAD2/3, or common SMAD4. Likewise, knockdown of ALK4 or SMAD4 abolished the stimulatory effects of activin A on SNAIL and MMP2 expression in primary EVT cells. Importantly, activin A-induced HTR8/SVneo and primary EVT cell invasion were attenuated by siRNA-mediated depletion of ALK4 or MMP2. CONCLUSION Activin A induces human trophoblast cell invasion by inducing SNAIL-mediated MMP2 expression through ALK4 in a SMAD2/3-SMAD4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Zhong J, Yang X, Mai M, Wang D, Lv L, Rao J. [Effect of RbAp48 knockdown on migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cell line MS751 in vitro]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2015; 35:1564-1569. [PMID: 26607076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of RbAp48 knockdown on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells and explore the mechanism. METHODS A small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down the expression of RbAp48 in MS751 cells. The changes in cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively, and the expressions of RbAp48, vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Snail, Twist, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were determined with Western blotting. RESULTS After siRNA-mediated RbAp48 knockdown, MS751 cells showed a significantly reduced expression of RbAp48 with significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion (P<0.01). RbAp48 knockdown induced obvious down-regulation of the expressions of interstitial cell phenotype proteins vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP-2 and up-regulation of epithelial cell phenotype proteins E-cadherin and TIMP-2, suggesting the inhibition of epithelial- mesenchymal transition of the cells. The expressions of Snail and Twist were significantly down-regulated in the cells following RbAp48 knockdown. CONCLUSION Knockdown of RbAp48 can significantly inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppress the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell line MS751, the mechanism of which may involve the down-regulation of Snail and Twist expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.E-mail:
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Lee SJ, Yang CS, Kim DD, Kang YN, Kwak SG, Park JB, Cho CH, Park KK. Microenvironmental interactions and expression of molecular markers associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:14270-14282. [PMID: 26823743 PMCID: PMC4713529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is known to play a critical role in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is understood as a process of tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, we investigated the relation between the EMT and the microenvironment of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The histological features and expression of EMT markers in tumor cells and surrounded stromal cells were obtained from the surgically resected tissues of 39 patients using microscopic review and immunohistochemistry. The loss of expression of E-cadherin was more prominent in the invasive front of tumor than the surface, where α-smooth muscle actin-positive carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are accumulated. The signaling molecules of the Wnt and TGF-β1-Smad pathway were expressed more frequently in the tumor cells and/or CAFs of the invasive margin than those of the tumor surface. The expressions of related transcription factors, such as SNAIL and ZEB1, were increased in the tumor cells and CAFs. The process of EMT may be activated in the tumor margin of CRC under the control of CAFs. Related signaling molecules and transcription factors might be induced by paracrine effects of the surrounding CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chun-Seok Yang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Dae-Dong Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Kang
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of MedicineRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bok Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Cho
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of DaeguRepublic of Korea
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Busch EL, Keku TO, Richardson DB, Cohen SM, Eberhard DA, Avery CL, Sandler RS. Evaluating markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition to identify cancer patients at risk for metastatic disease. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:53-62. [PMID: 26507436 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are due to metastases. Markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) measured in primary tumor cancer cells could be helpful to assess patient risk of metastatic disease, even among those otherwise diagnosed with local disease. Previous studies of EMT markers and patient outcomes used inconsistent methods and did not compare the clinical impact of different expression cut points for the same marker. Using digital image analysis, we measured the EMT markers Snail and E-cadherin in primary tumor specimens from 190 subjects in tissue microarrays from a population-based prospective cohort of colorectal cancer patients and estimated their associations with time-to-death. After measuring continuous marker expression data, we performed a systematic search for the cut point for each marker with the best model fit between dichotomous marker expression and time-to-death. We also assessed the potential clinical impact of different cut points for the same marker. After dichotomizing expression status at the statistically-optimal cut point, we found that Snail expression was not associated with time-to-death. When measured as a weighted average of tumor cores, low E-cadherin expression was associated with a greater risk of dying within 5 years of surgery than high expression (risk difference = 33 %, 95 % confidence interval 3-62 %). Identifying a clinically-optimal cut point for an EMT marker requires trade-offs between strength and precision of the association with patient outcomes, as well as consideration of the number of patients whose treatments might change based on using the marker at a given cut point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Busch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4157 Bioinformatics Building, CB #7555, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cohen
- Translational Pathology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 919 Brinkhous-Bullitt, CB #7525, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David A Eberhard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, CB #7295, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4157 Bioinformatics Building, CB #7555, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Song Y, Tian T, Fu X, Wang W, Li S, Shi T, Suo A, Ruan Z, Guo H, Yao Y. GATA6 is overexpressed in breast cancer and promotes breast cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating slug expression. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:617-27. [PMID: 26505174 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, until now, the mechanisms of BC metastasis remain elusive. GATA6 is a member of the GATA transcription factor family that plays critical regulatory roles in tissue development, which has been proposed as an oncogene in many types of tumors; however, its role and underlying mechanisms in BC remain unclear. Here we show that GATA6 is elevated in BC and its expression level is positively correlated with metastasis. In addition Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of GATA6 was associated with decreased overall survival of BC patients. Overexpression of GATA6 in BC cells increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In contrast, silencing GATA6 in aggressive BC cells inhibited this process. Mechanistically, we found GATA6 exerts its function through active slug transcription. Slug knockdown blocked the GATA6-driven EMT. Furthermore, slug expression in human BC is positively correlated with GATA6 expression. Our results, for the first time, portray a pivotal role of GATA6 in regulating metastatic behaviors of BC cells, suggesting GATA6 is a potential therapeutic target in metastatic BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Song
- Department of Oncological Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Suoni Li
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Ballard MS, Zhu A, Iwai N, Stensrud M, Mapps A, Postiglione MP, Knoblich JA, Hinck L. Mammary Stem Cell Self-Renewal Is Regulated by Slit2/Robo1 Signaling through SNAI1 and mINSC. Cell Rep 2015; 13:290-301. [PMID: 26440891 PMCID: PMC4606466 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis requires somatic stem cell maintenance; however, mechanisms regulating this process during organogenesis are not well understood. Here, we identify asymmetrically renewing basal and luminal stem cells in the mammary end bud. We demonstrate that SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling regulates the choice between self-renewing asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) and expansive symmetric cell divisions (SCDs) by governing Inscuteable (mInsc), a key member of the spindle orientation machinery, through the transcription factor Snail (SNAI1). Loss of SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling increases SNAI1 in the nucleus. Overexpression of SNAI1 increases mInsc expression, an effect that is inhibited by SLIT2 treatment. Increased mInsc does not change cell proliferation in the mammary gland (MG) but instead causes more basal cap cells to divide via SCD, at the expense of ACD, leading to more stem cells and larger outgrowths. Together, our studies provide insight into how the number of mammary stem cells is regulated by the extracellular cue SLIT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmi S Ballard
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Anna Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Naomi Iwai
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Michael Stensrud
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Department of Biology, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Aurelia Mapps
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Maira Pia Postiglione
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Chandel N, Ayasolla KS, Lan X, Sultana-Syed M, Chawla A, Lederman R, Vethantham V, Saleem MA, Chander PN, Malhotra A, Singhal PC. Epigenetic Modulation of Human Podocyte Vitamin D Receptor in HIV Milieu. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3201-3215. [PMID: 26210663 PMCID: PMC4586951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) has been reported to induce podocyte injury through down regulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and activation of renin angiotensin system; however, the involved mechanism is not clear. Since HIV has been reported to modulate gene expression via epigenetic phenomena, we asked whether epigenetic factors contribute to down regulation of VDR. Kidney cells in HIV transgenic mice and HIV-infected podocytes (HIV/HPs) displayed enhanced expression of SNAIL, a repressor of VDR. To elucidate the mechanism, we studied the effect of HIV on expression of molecules involved in SNAIL repressor complex formation and demonstrated that HIV enhances expression of the histone deacetylase HDAC1 and DNA methyl transferases DNMT3b and DNMT1. 293T cells, when stably transfected with SNAIL (SNAIL/293T), displayed suppressed transcription and translation of VDR. In SNAIL/293T cells, co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed the association of HDAC1, DNMT3b, DNMT1, and mSin3A with SNAIL. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the presence of the SNAIL repressor complex at the VDR promoter. Consistent with the enhanced DNA methyl transferase expression in HIV/HPs, there was an increased CpG methylation at the VDR promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed occurrence of H3K4 trimethylation on SNAIL promoter. Neither a VDR agonist (VDA) nor an HDAC inhibitor (HDACI) nor a demethylating agent (DAC) individually could optimally up regulate VDR in HIV milieu. However, VDA and HDACI when combined were successful in de-repressing VDR expression. Our findings demonstrate that SNAIL recruits multiple chromatin enzymes to form a repressor complex in HIV milieu that down regulates VDR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Chandel
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Kameshwar S Ayasolla
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Xiqian Lan
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Maria Sultana-Syed
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Amrita Chawla
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Rivka Lederman
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Vasupradha Vethantham
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Renal Academic Unit, University of Bristol, City of Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen N Chander
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ Medical School, Hempstead, NY 11549-1000, USA.
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45
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Yao W, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li G, Xu X, Zou K, Xu Y, Zou L. ALX1 promotes migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through increasing snail expression. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:12129-12139. [PMID: 26722397 PMCID: PMC4680342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the main causes in cancer-related death. Here we reported a novel functional role of Aristaless-like homeobox1 (ALX1) in lung carcinogenesis. Analysis of ALX1 in lung cancer specimens confirms upregulation of ALX1 in lung cancer, especially these with distant metastasis. Moreover, higher level of ALX1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis of lung cancer patients. Ectopic expression of ALX1 significantly promotes lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while ALX1 silencing by siRNA significantly inhibits these abilities of lung cancer cells. The functional role of ALX1 is dependent on increasing Snail expression and knockdown of Snail could restrain the role of ALX1. Collectively, we identify critical roles of ALX1 in lung cancer development and progression. These findings may serve as a framework for future investigations designed to more comprehensive determination of ALX1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116027, China
| | - Yong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116027, China
| | - Guoquan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116027, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116027, China
| | - Kun Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116027, China
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46
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Lin S, Ewen-Campen B, Ni X, Housden BE, Perrimon N. In Vivo Transcriptional Activation Using CRISPR/Cas9 in Drosophila. Genetics 2015; 201:433-42. [PMID: 26245833 PMCID: PMC4596659 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.181065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of approaches for Cas9-mediated transcriptional activation have recently been developed, allowing target genes to be overexpressed from their endogenous genomic loci. However, these approaches have thus far been limited to cell culture, and this technique has not been demonstrated in vivo in any animal. The technique involving the fewest separate components, and therefore the most amenable to in vivo applications, is the dCas9-VPR system, where a nuclease-dead Cas9 is fused to a highly active chimeric activator domain. In this study, we characterize the dCas9-VPR system in Drosophila cells and in vivo. We show that this system can be used in cell culture to upregulate a range of target genes, singly and in multiplex, and that a single guide RNA upstream of the transcription start site can activate high levels of target transcription. We observe marked heterogeneity in guide RNA efficacy for any given gene, and we confirm that transcription is inhibited by guide RNAs binding downstream of the transcription start site. To demonstrate one application of this technique in cells, we used dCas9-VPR to identify target genes for Twist and Snail, two highly conserved transcription factors that cooperate during Drosophila mesoderm development. In addition, we simultaneously activated both Twist and Snail to identify synergistic responses to this physiologically relevant combination. Finally, we show that dCas9-VPR can activate target genes and cause dominant phenotypes in vivo, providing the first demonstration of dCas9 activation in a multicellular animal. Transcriptional activation using dCas9-VPR thus offers a simple and broadly applicable technique for a variety of overexpression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailiang Lin
- Tsinghua-Peking-National Institute of Biological Sciences Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Department of Genetics
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Nagai Y, Tsuchiya H, Runkle EA, Young PD, Ji MQ, Norton L, Drebin JA, Zhang H, Greene MI. Disabling of the erbB Pathway Followed by IFN-γ Modifies Phenotype and Enhances Genotoxic Eradication of Breast Tumors. Cell Rep 2015; 12:2049-59. [PMID: 26365188 PMCID: PMC4591220 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversion of the malignant phenotype of erbB2-transformed cells can be driven by anti-erbB2/neu monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which disrupt the receptor's kinase activity. We examined the biologic effects of IFN-γ alone or after anti-erbB2/neu mAb treatment of erbB2-positive cells. IFN-γ had no effect on its own. Treatment of the tumors with anti-erbB2/neu mAbs followed by IFN-γ led to dramatic inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo with minimal mAb dosing. Sequential therapy enhanced the effects of chemotherapy. Moreover, IFN-γ with mAb treatment of mice with IFNγR knockdown tumors did not demonstrate marked synergistic eradication effects, indicating an unexpected role of IFN-γ on the tumor itself. Additionally, mAb and IFN-γ treatment also induced immune host responses that enhanced tumor eradication. Biochemical analyses identified loss of Snail expression in tumor cells, reflecting diminution of tumor-stem-cell-like properties as a consequence of altered activity of GSK3-β and KLF molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Hiromichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - E Aaron Runkle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Peter D Young
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Mei Q Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Drebin
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Mark I Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA.
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48
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Yoda T, Kikuchi K, Miki Y, Onodera Y, Hata S, Takagi K, Nakamura Y, Hirakawa H, Ishida T, Suzuki T, Ohuchi N, Sasano H, McNamara KM. 11β-Prostaglandin F2α, a bioactive metabolite catalyzed by AKR1C3, stimulates prostaglandin F receptor and induces slug expression in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:236-47. [PMID: 26170067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are a group of lipid compounds involved in inflammation and cancer. We focused on PGF2α and its stereoisomer 11β-PGF2α and examined the expression and functions of their cognate receptor (FP receptor) and metabolizing enzymes (AKR1B1 and AKR1C3 respectively) in breast cancer. In immunohistochemical analysis FP receptor status associated with adverse clinical outcome only in the AKR1C3 positive cases. Therefore, we studied FP receptor-mediated functions of 11β-PGF2α using FP receptor expressed MCF-7 cell line (MCF-FP). 11β-PGF2α treatment phosphorylated ERK and CREB and induced Slug expression through FP receptor in MCF-FP, and MCF-FP cells demonstrated decreased chemosensitivity compared to parental controls. Finally, the correlation between FP receptor and Slug was also confirmed immunohistochemically in breast cancer cases. Overall these results indicated that the actions of AKR1C3 can produce FP receptor ligands whose activation results in carcinoma cell survival in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yoda
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Onodera
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuko Hata
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keely May McNamara
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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49
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Zhang X, Yu X, Jiang G, Miao Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fan C, Lin X, Dong Q, Han Q, Zhao H, Han Y, Han X, Rong X, Ding S, Wang E, Wang E. Cytosolic TMEM88 Promotes Invasion and Metastasis in Lung Cancer Cells by Binding DVLS. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4527-37. [PMID: 26359454 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Miao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuifeng Fan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuyong Lin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qianze Dong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezhu Rong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuting Ding
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Endi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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50
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Gao H, Teng C, Huang W, Peng J, Wang C. SOX2 Promotes the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Squamous Cells by Modulating Slug Expression through the Activation of STAT3/HIF-α Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21643-57. [PMID: 26370982 PMCID: PMC4613272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor sex determining region (Y SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) is known to play a crucial role in the maintenance of self renewal or pluripotency of undifferentiated embryonic and neuronal stem cells. An elevated expression of SOX2 has been correlated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We sought to investigate the mechanism(s) by which SOX2 modulates the ESCC metastasis. The SOX2 coding DNA sequence was inserted into pCMV vector and stably transfected in ESCC cells (Eca-109). The effect of SOX2 over expression was evaluated on cell migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also measured the expression of Slug to explore if this transcription factor is involved in SOX2-mediated regulation of cell migration/invasion and EMT. In addition, we determined the role of STAT3/HIF-1α to further probe the mechanism of SOX2-mediated metastasis via Slug. Our results demonstrated that SOX2 over expressing Eca-109 cells showed an enhanced cell migration/invasion. Moreover, these cells exhibited the EMT characteristics, that is, a significantly suppressed expression of the epithelial cells marker with a concomitant enhancement of those of the mesenchymal markers. An increased expression of Slug in SOX2 over expressing cells suggested the involvement of this transcription factor in SOX2-regulated metastasis. Whereas the expressions of STAT3/HIF-1α were found to be up-regulated in SOX2 expressing cells, blockade of these transcription factors resulted in the inhibition of Slug expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusion: These results suggest that SOX2 promoted the metastasis of ESCC, at least in part, by modulating Slug expression through the activation of STAT3/HIF-1α signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chunyuan Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jianjun Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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