1
|
Cerutti C, Lucotti S, Menendez ST, Reymond N, Garg R, Romero IA, Muschel R, Ridley AJ. IQGAP1 and NWASP promote human cancer cell dissemination and metastasis by regulating β1-integrin via FAK and MRTF/SRF. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113989. [PMID: 38536816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Attachment of circulating tumor cells to the endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels is a critical step in cancer metastatic colonization, which leads to metastatic outgrowth. Breast and prostate cancers are common malignancies in women and men, respectively. Here, we observe that β1-integrin is required for human prostate and breast cancer cell adhesion to ECs under shear-stress conditions in vitro and to lung blood vessel ECs in vivo. We identify IQGAP1 and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (NWASP) as regulators of β1-integrin transcription and protein expression in prostate and breast cancer cells. IQGAP1 and NWASP depletion in cancer cells decreases adhesion to ECs in vitro and retention in the lung vasculature and metastatic lung nodule formation in vivo. Mechanistically, NWASP and IQGAP1 act downstream of Cdc42 to increase β1-integrin expression both via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/focal adhesion kinase signaling at the protein level and by myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor (SRF) transcriptionally. Our results identify IQGAP1 and NWASP as potential therapeutic targets to reduce early metastatic dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cerutti
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Serena Lucotti
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Nicolas Reymond
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Ruth Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakai T, Choo YY, Mitsuhashi S, Ikebe R, Jeffers A, Idell S, Tucker TA, Ikebe M. Myocardin regulates fibronectin expression and secretion from human pleural mesothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L419-L430. [PMID: 38349126 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00271.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
During the progression of pleural fibrosis, pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) undergo a phenotype switching process known as mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT). During MesoMT, transformed PMCs become myofibroblasts that produce increased extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen and fibronectin (FN1) that is critical to develop fibrosis. Here, we studied the mechanism that regulates FN1 expression in myofibroblasts derived from human pleural mesothelial cells (HPMCs). We found that myocardin (Myocd), a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) and a master regulator of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle differentiation, strongly controls FN1 gene expression. Myocd gene silencing markedly inhibited FN1 expression. FN1 promoter analysis revealed that deletion of the Smad3-binding element diminished FN1 promoter activity, whereas deletion of the putative SRF-binding element increased FN1 promoter activity. Smad3 gene silencing decreased FN1 expression, whereas SRF gene silencing increased FN1 expression. Moreover, SRF competes with Smad3 for binding to Myocd. These results indicate that Myocd activates FN1 expression through Smad3, whereas SRF inhibits FN1 expression in HPMCs. In HPMCs, TGF-β induced Smad3 nuclear localization, and the proximity ligation signal between Myocd and Smad3 was markedly increased after TGF-β stimulation at nucleus, suggesting that TGF-β facilitates nuclear translocation of Smad3 and interaction between Smad3 and Myocd. Moreover, Myocd and Smad3 were coimmunoprecipitated and isolated Myocd and Smad3 proteins directly bound each other. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Myocd interacts with the FN1 promoter at the Smad3-binding consensus sequence. The results indicate that Myocd regulates FN1 gene activation through interaction and activation of the Smad3 transcription factor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY During phenotype switching from mesothelial to mesenchymal, pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen and fibronectin (FN1), critical components in the development of fibrosis. Here, we found that myocardin, a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), strongly activates FN1 expression through Smad3, whereas SRF inhibits FN1 expression. This study provides insights about the regulation of FN1 that could lead to the development of novel interventional approaches to prevent pleural fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Shinya Mitsuhashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Ann Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Torry A Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iram T, Garcia MA, Amand J, Kaur A, Atkins M, Iyer M, Lam M, Ambiel N, Jorgens DM, Keller A, Wyss-Coray T, Kern F, Zuchero JB. SRF transcriptionally regulates the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton during CNS myelination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307250121. [PMID: 38483990 PMCID: PMC10962977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307250121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for nervous system development. Myelination requires dramatic cytoskeletal dynamics in oligodendrocytes, but how actin is regulated during myelination is poorly understood. We recently identified serum response factor (SRF)-a transcription factor known to regulate expression of actin and actin regulators in other cell types-as a critical driver of myelination in the aged brain. Yet, a major gap remains in understanding the mechanistic role of SRF in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Here, we show that SRF is required cell autonomously in oligodendrocytes for myelination during development. Combining ChIP-seq with RNA-seq identifies SRF-target genes in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and oligodendrocytes that include actin and other key cytoskeletal genes. Accordingly, SRF knockout oligodendrocytes exhibit dramatically reduced actin filament levels early in differentiation, consistent with its role in actin-dependent myelin sheath initiation. Surprisingly, oligodendrocyte-restricted loss of SRF results in upregulation of gene signatures associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Together, our findings identify SRF as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of cytoskeletal genes required in oligodendrocytes for myelination. This study identifies an essential pathway regulating oligodendrocyte biology with high relevance to brain development, aging, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Iram
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Miguel A. Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Jérémy Amand
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Achint Kaur
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Micaiah Atkins
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Manasi Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Mable Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Nicholas Ambiel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | | | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Fabian Kern
- Department of Clinical Bioinformatics, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland–Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - J. Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patyal P, Zhang X, Verma A, Azhar G, Wei JY. Inhibitors of Rho/MRTF/SRF Transcription Pathway Regulate Mitochondrial Function. Cells 2024; 13:392. [PMID: 38474356 PMCID: PMC10931493 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RhoA-regulated gene transcription by serum response factor (SRF) and its transcriptional cofactor myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) signaling pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in multiple diseases. Altered mitochondrial metabolism is one of the major hallmarks of cancer, therefore, this upregulation is a vulnerability that can be targeted with Rho/MRTF/SRF inhibitors. Recent advances identified a novel series of oxadiazole-thioether compounds that disrupt the SRF transcription, however, the direct molecular target of these compounds is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the Rho/MRTF/SRF inhibition mechanism of CCG-203971 and CCG-232601 in normal cell lines of human lung fibroblasts and mouse myoblasts. Further studies investigated the role of these molecules in targeting mitochondrial function. We have shown that these molecules hyperacetylate histone H4K12 and H4K16 and regulate the genes involved in mitochondrial function and dynamics. These small molecule inhibitors regulate mitochondrial function as a compensatory mechanism by repressing oxidative phosphorylation and increasing glycolysis. Our data suggest that these CCG molecules are effective in inhibiting all the complexes of mitochondrial electron transport chains and further inducing oxidative stress. Therefore, our present findings highlight the therapeutic potential of CCG-203971 and CCG-232601, which may prove to be a promising approach to target aberrant bioenergetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeanne Y. Wei
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (P.P.); (X.Z.); (A.V.); (G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thumu SCR, Jain M, Soman S, Das S, Verma V, Nandi A, Gutmann DH, Jayaprakash B, Nair D, Clement JP, Marathe S, Ramanan N. SRF-deficient astrocytes provide neuroprotection in mouse models of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. eLife 2024; 13:e95577. [PMID: 38289036 PMCID: PMC10857791 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS injury, infection, and neurodegeneration, where reactive astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to normal brain functions. Currently, the mechanisms regulating neuroprotective astrocytes and the extent of neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, we report that conditional deletion of serum response factor (SRF) in adult astrocytes causes reactive-like hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the mouse brain. These SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes do not affect neuron survival, synapse numbers, synaptic plasticity or learning and memory. However, the brains of Srf knockout mice exhibited neuroprotection against kainic-acid induced excitotoxic cell death. Relevant to human neurodegenerative diseases, SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes abrogate nigral dopaminergic neuron death and reduce β-amyloid plaques in mouse models of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Taken together, these findings establish SRF as a key molecular switch for the generation of reactive astrocytes with neuroprotective functions that attenuate neuronal injury in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Jain
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Sumitha Soman
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Soumen Das
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - Vijaya Verma
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Arnab Nandi
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | | | - Deepak Nair
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Swananda Marathe
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of ScienceBangaloreIndia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao L, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Zhang N, Zhang C, Zhou S, Feng G, Huang F, Zhang L. Serum response factor promoting axonal regeneration by activating the Ras-Raf-Cofilin signaling pathway after the spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14585. [PMID: 38421133 PMCID: PMC10851317 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serum response factor (SRF) is important in muscle development, tissue repair, and neuronal regulation. OBJECTIVES This research aims to thoroughly examine the effects of SRF on spinal cord injury (SCI) and its ability to significantly impact the recovery and regeneration of neuronal axons. METHODS The researchers created rat models of SCI and scratch injury to primary spinal cord neurons to observe the expression of relevant factors after neuronal injury. RESULTS We found that the SRF, Ras, Raf, and cofilin levels increased after injury and gradually returned to normal levels. Afterward, researchers gave rats with SCI an SRF inhibitor (CCG1423) and studied the effects with nuclear magnetic resonance and transmission electron microscopy. The SRF inhibitor rodents had worse spinal cord recovery and axon regrowth than the control group. And the apoptosis of primary neurons after scratch injury was significantly higher in the SRF inhibitor group. Additionally, the researchers utilized lentiviral transfection to modify the SRF expression in neurons. SRF overexpression increased neuron migration while silencing SRF decreased it. Finally, Western blotting and RT-PCR were conducted to examine the expression changes of related factors upon altering SRF expression. The results revealed SRF overexpression increased Ras, Raf, and cofilin expression. Silencing SRF decreased Ras, Raf, and Cofilin expression. CONCLUSION Based on our research, the SRF promotes axonal regeneration by activating the "Ras-Raf-Cofilin" signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
- Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of NeurosurgeryNeuroscience Center, Frankfurt University HospitalFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Department of Bone and JointYantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandongChina
| | - Naili Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Guoying Feng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Luping Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong ProvinceChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Su C, Liu M, Yao X, Hao W, Ma J, Ren Y, Gao X, Xin L, Ge L, Yu Y, Wei M, Yang J. Vascular injury activates the ELK1/SND1/SRF pathway to promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferative phenotype and neointimal hyperplasia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:59. [PMID: 38279051 PMCID: PMC10817852 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is the leading cause of vascular stenosis or restenosis. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms and pivotal regulators of the proliferative VSMC phenotype is imperative for precisely preventing neointimal hyperplasia in vascular disease. METHODS Wire-induced vascular injury and aortic culture models were used to detect the expression of staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1). SMC-specific Snd1 knockout mice were used to assess the potential roles of SND1 after vascular injury. Primary VSMCs were cultured to evaluate SND1 function on VSMC phenotype switching, as well as to investigate the mechanism by which SND1 regulates the VSMC proliferative phenotype. RESULTS Phenotype-switched proliferative VSMCs exhibited higher SND1 protein expression compared to the differentiated VSMCs. This result was replicated in primary VSMCs treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In the injury model, specific knockout of Snd1 in mouse VSMCs reduced neointimal hyperplasia. We then revealed that ETS transcription factor ELK1 (ELK1) exhibited upregulation and activation in proliferative VSMCs, and acted as a novel transcription factor to induce the gene transcriptional activation of Snd1. Subsequently, the upregulated SND1 is associated with serum response factor (SRF) by competing with myocardin (MYOCD). As a co-activator of SRF, SND1 recruited the lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B) to the promoter regions leading to the histone acetylation, consequently promoted SRF to recognize the specific CArG motif, and enhanced the proliferation- and migration-related gene transcriptional activation. CONCLUSIONS The present study identifies ELK1/SND1/SRF as a novel pathway in promoting the proliferative VSMC phenotype and neointimal hyperplasia in vascular injury, predisposing the vessels to pathological remodeling. This provides a potential therapeutic target for vascular stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiac and Vascular Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinzheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingbiao Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minxin Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiac and Vascular Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), and Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin, China.
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Katano W, Mori S, Sasaki S, Tajika Y, Tomita K, Takeuchi JK, Koshiba-Takeuchi K. Sall1 and Sall4 cooperatively interact with Myocd and SRF to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation by regulating CDK and cyclin genes. Development 2023; 150:dev201913. [PMID: 38014633 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sall1 and Sall4 (Sall1/4), zinc-finger transcription factors, are expressed in the progenitors of the second heart field (SHF) and in cardiomyocytes during the early stages of mouse development. To understand the function of Sall1/4 in heart development, we generated heart-specific Sall1/4 functionally inhibited mice by forced expression of the truncated form of Sall4 (ΔSall4) in the heart. The ΔSall4-overexpression mice exhibited a hypoplastic right ventricle and outflow tract, both of which were derived from the SHF, and a thinner ventricular wall. We found that the numbers of proliferative SHF progenitors and cardiomyocytes were reduced in ΔSall4-overexpression mice. RNA-sequencing data showed that Sall1/4 act upstream of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin genes, and of key transcription factor genes for the development of compact cardiomyocytes, including myocardin (Myocd) and serum response factor (Srf). In addition, ChIP-sequencing and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that Sall4 and Myocd form a transcriptional complex with SRF, and directly bind to the upstream regulatory regions of the CDK and cyclin genes (Cdk1 and Ccnb1). These results suggest that Sall1/4 are critical for the proliferation of cardiac cells via regulation of CDK and cyclin genes that interact with Myocd and SRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Katano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shunta Mori
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yuki Tajika
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1, Kamioki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Jun K Takeuchi
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cossard A, Stam K, Smets A, Jossin Y. MKL/SRF and Bcl6 mutual transcriptional repression safeguards the fate and positioning of neocortical progenitor cells mediated by RhoA. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd0676. [PMID: 37967194 PMCID: PMC10651131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, multiple intricate and intertwined cellular signaling pathways coordinate cell behavior. Their slightest alterations can have dramatic consequences for the cells and the organs they form. The transcriptional repressor Bcl6 was recently found as important for brain development. However, its regulation and integration with other signals is unknown. Using in vivo functional approaches combined with molecular mechanistic analysis, we identified a reciprocal regulatory loop between B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) and the RhoA-regulated transcriptional complex megakaryoblastic leukemia/serum response factor (MKL/SRF). We show that Bcl6 physically interacts with MKL/SRF, resulting in a down-regulation of the transcriptional activity of both Bcl6 and MKL/SRF. This molecular cross-talk is essential for the control of proliferation, neurogenesis, and spatial positioning of neural progenitors. Overall, our data highlight a regulatory mechanism that controls neuronal production and neocortical development and reveal an MKL/SRF and Bcl6 interaction that may have broader implications in other physiological functions and in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Cossard
- Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang J, Wu Q, Hu X, Wang Y, Lu J, Chakraborty R, Martin KA, Guo S. Serum Response Factor Reduces Gene Expression Noise and Confers Cell State Stability. Stem Cells 2023; 41:907-915. [PMID: 37386941 PMCID: PMC11009695 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of serum response factor (Srf), a central mediator of actin dynamics and mechanical signaling, in cell identity regulation is debated to be either a stabilizer or a destabilizer. We investigated the role of Srf in cell fate stability using mouse pluripotent stem cells. Despite the fact that serum-containing cultures yield heterogeneous gene expression, deletion of Srf in mouse pluripotent stem cells leads to further exacerbated cell state heterogeneity. The exaggerated heterogeneity is detectible not only as increased lineage priming but also as the developmentally earlier 2C-like cell state. Thus, pluripotent cells explore more variety of cellular states in both directions of development surrounding naïve pluripotency, a behavior that is constrained by Srf. These results support that Srf functions as a cell state stabilizer, providing rationale for its functional modulation in cell fate intervention and engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shangqin Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh AK, Rai A, Weber A, Gericke M, Janssen KP, Moser M, Posern G. MRTF-A gain-of-function in mice impairs homeostatic renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:639. [PMID: 37770456 PMCID: PMC10539384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The actin-regulated transcription factor MRTF-A represents a central relay in mechanotransduction and controls a subset of SRF-dependent target genes. However, gain-of-function studies in vivo are lacking. Here we characterize a conditional MRTF-A transgenic mouse model. While MRTF-A gain-of-function impaired embryonic development, induced expression of constitutively active MRTF-A provoked rapid hepatocyte ballooning and liver failure in adult mice. Specific expression in the intestinal epithelium caused an erosive architectural distortion, villus blunting, cryptal hyperplasia and colonic inflammation, resulting in transient weight loss. Organoids from transgenic mice repeatedly induced in vitro showed impaired self-renewal and defective cryptal compartments. Mechanistically, MRTF-A gain-of-function decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, but did not induce fibrosis. MRTF-A targets including Acta2 and Pai-1 were induced, whereas markers of stem cells and differentiated cells were reduced. Our results suggest that activated MRTF-A in the intestinal epithelium shifts the balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Singh
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Amrita Rai
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anja Weber
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boonruang K, Kim I, Kwag C, Ryu J, Baek SJ. Quercetin induces dual specificity phosphatase 5 via serum response factor. BMB Rep 2023; 56:508-513. [PMID: 37291053 PMCID: PMC10547973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical quercetin has gained attention for its antiinflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties in various types of cancer. Tumorigenesis involves the aberrant regulation of kinase/phosphatase, highlighting the importance of maintaining homeostasis. Dual Specificity Phosphatase (DUSP) plays a crucial role in controlling the phosphorylation of ERK. The current study aimed to clone the DUSP5 promoter, and investigate its transcriptional activity in the presence of quercetin. The results revealed that quercetin-induced DUSP5 expression is associated with the serum response factor (SRF) binding site located in the DUSP5 promoter. The deletion of this site abolished the luciferase activity induced by quercetin, indicating its vital role in quercetin-induced DUSP5 expression. SRF protein is a transcription factor that potentially contributes to quercetin-induced DUSP5 expression at the transcriptional level. Additionally, quercetin enhanced SRF binding activity without changing its expression. These findings provide evidence of how quercetin affects anti-cancer activity in colorectal tumorigenesis by inducing SRF transcription factor activity, thereby increasing DUSP5 expression at the transcriptional level. This study highlights the importance of investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of quercetin, and suggests its potential use in cancer therapy. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(9): 508-513].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkan Boonruang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ilju Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kwag
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junsun Ryu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Thyroid Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azam H, Maher S, Clarke S, Gallagher WM, Prencipe M. SRF inhibitors reduce prostate cancer cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest in an isogenic model of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1759-1776. [PMID: 37377210 PMCID: PMC10446773 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2229713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is challenging to treat, despite improvements with next-generation anti-androgens such as enzalutamide, due to acquired resistance. One of the mechanisms of such resistance includes aberrant activation of co-factors of the androgen receptor (AR), such as the serum response factor (SRF), which was associated with prostate cancer progression and resistance to enzalutamide. Here, we show that inhibition of SRF with three small molecules (CCG-1423, CCG-257081 and lestaurtinib), singly and in combination with enzalutamide, reduces cell viability in an isogenic model of CRPC. The effects of these inhibitors on the cell cycle, singly and in combination with enzalutamide, were assessed with western blotting, flow cytometry and β-galactosidase staining. In the androgen deprivation-sensitive LNCaP parental cell line, a synergistic effect between enzalutamide and all three inhibitors was demonstrated, while the androgen deprivation-resistant LNCaP Abl cells showed synergy only with the lestaurtinib and enzalutamide combination, suggesting a different mechanism of action of the CCG series of compounds in the absence and presence of androgens. Through analysis of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, flow cytometry and β-galactosidase staining, we showed that all three SRF inhibitors, singly and in combination with enzalutamide, induced cell cycle arrest and decreased S phase. While CCG-1423 had a more pronounced effect on the expression of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, CCG-257081 and lestaurtinib decreased proliferation also through induction of cellular senescence. In conclusion, we show that inhibition of an AR co-factors, namely SRF, provides a promising approach to overcoming resistance to AR inhibitors currently used in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Azam
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin
| | - Shane Maher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin
| | - Shane Clarke
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin
| | - William M. Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin
| | - Maria Prencipe
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu L, Sun K, Luo Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Chen L, Zheng S, Wu T, Xiao P. Myocardin-related transcription factor A, regulated by serum response factor, contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. Life Sci 2023; 317:121470. [PMID: 36758668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a significant contributor to the global pandemic of heart failure. In the present study we investigated the involvement of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a transcriptional regulator, in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in mice by feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) or streptozotocin (STZ) injection. KEY FINDINGS We report that MRTF-A was up-regulated in the hearts of mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. MRTF-A expression was also up-regulated by treatment with palmitate in cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, serum response factor (SRF) bound to the MRTF-A gene promoter and activated MRTF-A transcription in response to pro-diabetic stimuli. Knockdown of SRF abrogated MRTF-A induction in cardiomyocytes treated with palmitate. When cardiomyocytes conditional MRTF-A knockout mice (MRTF-A CKO) and wild type (WT) mice were placed on an HFD to induce diabetic cardiomyopathy, it was found that the CKO mice and the WT mice displayed comparable metabolic parameters including body weight, blood insulin concentration, blood cholesterol concentration, and glucose tolerance. However, both systolic and diastolic cardiac function were exacerbated by MRTF-A deletion in the heart. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that MRTF-A up-regulation might serve as an important compensatory mechanism to safeguard the deterioration of cardiac function during diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yajun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Medical Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Medical Research Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Teng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Goodwin K, Lemma B, Zhang P, Boukind A, Nelson CM. Plasticity in airway smooth muscle differentiation during mouse lung development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:338-347.e4. [PMID: 36868232 PMCID: PMC10149112 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that smooth muscle differentiation may physically sculpt airway epithelial branches in mammalian lungs. Serum response factor (SRF) acts with its co-factor myocardin to activate the expression of contractile smooth muscle markers. In the adult, however, smooth muscle exhibits a variety of phenotypes beyond contractile, and these are independent of SRF/myocardin-induced transcription. To determine whether a similar phenotypic plasticity is exhibited during development, we deleted Srf from the mouse embryonic pulmonary mesenchyme. Srf-mutant lungs branch normally, and the mesenchyme displays mechanical properties indistinguishable from controls. scRNA-seq identified an Srf-null smooth muscle cluster, wrapping the airways of mutant lungs, which lacks contractile smooth muscle markers but retains many features of control smooth muscle. Srf-null embryonic airway smooth muscle exhibits a synthetic phenotype, compared with the contractile phenotype of mature wild-type airway smooth muscle. Our findings identify plasticity in embryonic airway smooth muscle and demonstrate that a synthetic smooth muscle layer promotes airway branching morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bezia Lemma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Adam Boukind
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hasan S, White NF, Tagliatela AC, Durall RT, Brown KM, McDiarmid GR, Meigs TE. Overexpressed Gα13 activates serum response factor through stoichiometric imbalance with Gβγ and mislocalization to the cytoplasm. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110534. [PMID: 36442589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gα13, a heterotrimeric G protein α subunit of the G12/13 subfamily, is an oncogenic driver in multiple cancer types. Unlike other G protein subfamilies that contribute to cancer progression via amino acid substitutions that abolish their deactivating, intrinsic GTPase activity, Gα13 rarely harbors such mutations in tumors and instead appears to stimulate aberrant cell growth via overexpression as a wildtype form. It is not known why this effect is exclusive to the G12/13 subfamily, nor has a mechanism been elucidated for overexpressed Gα13 promoting tumor progression. Using a reporter gene assay for serum response factor (SRF)-mediated transcription in HEK293 cells, we found that transiently expressed, wildtype Gα13 generates a robust SRF signal, approximately half the amplitude observed for GTPase-defective Gα13. When epitope-tagged, wildtype Gα13 was titrated upward in cells, a sharp increase in SRF stimulation was observed coincident with a "spillover" of Gα13 from membrane-associated to a soluble fraction. Overexpressing G protein β and γ subunits caused both a decrease in this signal and a shift of wildtype Gα13 back to the membranous fraction, suggesting that stoichiometric imbalance in the αβγ heterotrimer results in aberrant subcellular localization and signalling by overexpressed Gα13. We also examined the acylation requirements of wildtype Gα13 for signalling to SRF. Similar to GTPase-defective Gα13, S-palmitoylation of the wildtype α subunit was necessary for SRF activation but could be replaced functionally by an engineered site for N-terminal myristoylation. However, a key difference was observed between wildtype and GTPase-defective Gα13: whereas the latter protein lacking palmitoylation sites was rescued in its SRF signalling by either an engineered polybasic sequence or a C-terminal isoprenylation site, these motifs failed to restore signalling by wildtype, non-palmitoylated Gα13. These findings illuminate several components of the mechanism in which overexpressed, wildtype Gα13 contributes to growth and tumorigenic signalling, and reveal greater stringency in its requirements for post-translational modification in comparison to GTPase-defective Gα13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Hasan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, 220 Campus Drive, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - Nicholas F White
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, 220 Campus Drive, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - Alicia C Tagliatela
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, 220 Campus Drive, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - R Taylor Durall
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, 220 Campus Drive, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - Katherine M Brown
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, 220 Campus Drive, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - Gray R McDiarmid
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, 220 Campus Drive, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - Thomas E Meigs
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, 220 Campus Drive, Asheville, NC 28804, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Knipe RS, Nurunnabi M, Probst CK, Spinney JJ, Abe E, Bose RJC, Ha K, Logue A, Nguyen T, Servis R, Drummond M, Haring A, Brazee PL, Medoff BD, McCarthy JR. Myofibroblast-specific inhibition of the Rho kinase-MRTF-SRF pathway using nanotechnology for the prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L190-L198. [PMID: 36625494 PMCID: PMC9925159 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblasts in the lung and progressive tissue scarring. Fibroblasts exist across a spectrum of states, from quiescence in health to activated myofibroblasts in the setting of injury. Highly activated myofibroblasts have a critical role in the establishment of fibrosis as the predominant source of type 1 collagen and profibrotic mediators. Myofibroblasts are also highly contractile cells and can alter lung biomechanical properties through tissue contraction. Inhibiting signaling pathways involved in myofibroblast activation could therefore have significant therapeutic value. One of the ways myofibroblast activation occurs is through activation of the Rho/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum response factor (SRF) pathway, which signals through intracellular actin polymerization. However, concerns surrounding the pleiotropic and ubiquitous nature of these signaling pathways have limited the translation of inhibitory drugs. Herein, we demonstrate a novel therapeutic antifibrotic strategy using myofibroblast-targeted nanoparticles containing a MTRF/SRF pathway inhibitor (CCG-1423), which has been shown to block myofibroblast activation in vitro. Myofibroblasts were preferentially targeted via the angiotensin 2 receptor, which has been shown to be selectively upregulated in animal and human studies. These nanoparticles were nontoxic and accumulated in lung myofibroblasts in the bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, reducing the number of these activated cells and their production of profibrotic mediators. Ultimately, in a murine model of lung fibrosis, a single injection of these drugs containing targeted nanoagents reduced fibrosis as compared with control mice. This approach has the potential to deliver personalized therapy by precisely targeting signaling pathways in a cell-specific manner, allowing increased efficacy with reduced deleterious off-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Knipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian J Spinney
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Abe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajendran J C Bose
- Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York
| | - Khanh Ha
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York
| | - Amanda Logue
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Trong Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Servis
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Drummond
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexis Haring
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia L Brazee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Andrew M. Tager Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu WX, Tan SJ, Wang YF, Zhang FL, Feng YQ, Ge W, Dyce PW, Reiter RJ, Shen W, Cheng SF. Melatonin promotes the proliferation of primordial germ cell-like cells derived from porcine skin-derived stem cells: A mechanistic analysis. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12833. [PMID: 36106819 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro differentiation of stem cells into functional gametes remains of great interest in the biomedical field. Skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are an adult stem cells that provides a wide range of clinical applications without inherent ethical restrictions. In this paper, porcine SDSCs were successfully differentiated into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) in conditioned media. The PGCLCs were characterized in terms of cell morphology, marker gene expression, and epigenetic properties. Furthermore, we also found that 25 μM melatonin (MLT) significantly increased the proliferation of the SDSC-derived PGCLCs while acting through the MLT receptor type 1 (MT1). RNA-seq results found the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was more active when PGCLCs were cultured with MLT. Moreover, the effect of MLT was attenuated by the use of S26131 (MT1 antagonist), crenolanib (platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor), U0126 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor), or CCG-1423 (serum response factor transcription inhibitor), suggesting that MLT promotes the proliferation processes through the MAPK pathway. Taken together, this study highlights the role of MLT in promoting PGCLCs proliferation. Importantly, this study provides a suitable in vitro model for use in translational studies and could help to answer numerous remaining questions related to germ cell physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shao-Jing Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fa-Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Qing Feng
- School Hospital, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiong X, Li W, Nam J, Qu M, Kay SA, Ma K. The actin cytoskeleton-MRTF/SRF cascade transduces cellular physical niche cues to entrain the circadian clock. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260094. [PMID: 36093830 PMCID: PMC10658898 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is entrained to daily environmental cues. Integrin-linked signaling via actin cytoskeleton dynamics transduces physical niche cues from the extracellular matrix to myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum response factor (SRF)-mediated transcription. The actin cytoskeleton organization and SRF-MRTF activity display diurnal oscillations. By interrogating disparate upstream events in the actin cytoskeleton-MRTF-A/SRF signaling cascade, we show that this pathway transduces extracellular niche cues to modulate circadian clock function. Pharmacological inhibition of MRTF-A/SRF by disrupting actin polymerization or blocking the ROCK kinase induced period lengthening with augmented clock amplitude, and genetic loss of function of Srf or Mrtfa mimicked the effects of treatment with actin-depolymerizing agents. In contrast, actin polymerization shortened circadian clock period and attenuated clock amplitude. Moreover, interfering with the cell-matrix interaction through blockade of integrin, inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK, encoded by Ptk2) or attenuating matrix rigidity reduced the period length while enhancing amplitude. Mechanistically, we identified that the core clock repressors Per2, Nr1d1 and Nfil3 are direct transcriptional targets of MRTF-A/SRF in mediating actin dynamics-induced clock response. Collectively, our findings defined an integrin-actin cytoskeleton-MRTF/SRF pathway in linking clock entrainment with extracellular cues that might facilitate cellular adaptation to the physical niche environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuekai Xiong
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Weini Li
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Meng Qu
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Steve A. Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. Differential regulation of cranial and cardiac neural crest by serum response factor and its cofactors. eLife 2022; 11:e75106. [PMID: 35044299 PMCID: PMC8806183 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) is an essential transcription factor that influences many cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. SRF directly regulates and is required for immediate early gene (IEG) and actin cytoskeleton-related gene expression. SRF coordinates these competing transcription programs through discrete sets of cofactors, the ternary complex factors (TCFs) and myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs). The relative contribution of these two programs to in vivo SRF activity and mutant phenotypes is not fully understood. To study how SRF utilizes its cofactors during development, we generated a knock-in SrfaI allele in mice harboring point mutations that disrupt SRF-MRTF-DNA complex formation but leave SRF-TCF activity unaffected. Homozygous SrfaI/aI mutants die at E10.5 with notable cardiovascular phenotypes, and neural crest conditional mutants succumb at birth to defects of the cardiac outflow tract but display none of the craniofacial phenotypes associated with complete loss of SRF in that lineage. Our studies further support an important role for MRTF mediating SRF function in cardiac neural crest and suggest new mechanisms by which SRF regulates transcription during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Development and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McGarry DJ, Armstrong G, Castino G, Mason S, Clark W, Shaw R, McGarry L, Blyth K, Olson MF. MICAL1 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization, directional cell migration and the growth of human breast cancer cells as orthotopic xenograft tumours. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:226-236. [PMID: 34314753 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The Molecule Interacting with CasL 1 (MICAL1) monooxygenase has emerged as an important regulator of cytoskeleton organization via actin oxidation. Although filamentous actin (F-actin) increases MICAL1 monooxygenase activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is also generated in the absence of F-actin, suggesting that diffusible H2O2 might have additional functions. MICAL1 gene disruption by CRISPR/Cas9 in MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cells knocked out (KO) protein expression, which affected F-actin organization, cell size and motility. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that MICAL1 deletion significantly affected the expression of over 700 genes, with the majority being reduced in their expression levels. In addition, the absolute magnitudes of reduced gene expression were significantly greater than the magnitudes of increased gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified receptor regulator activity as the most significant negatively enriched molecular function gene set. The prominent influence exerted by MICAL1 on F-actin structures was also associated with changes in the expression of several serum-response factor (SRF) regulated genes in KO cells. Moreover, MICAL1 disruption attenuated breast cancer tumour growth in vivo. Elevated MICAL1 gene expression was observed in invasive breast cancer samples from human patients relative to normal tissue, while MICAL1 amplification or point mutations were associated with reduced progression free survival. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MICAL1 gene disruption altered cytoskeleton organization, cell morphology and migration, gene expression, and impaired tumour growth in an orthotopic in vivo breast cancer model, suggesting that pharmacological MICAL1 inhibition could have therapeutic benefits for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Garett Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Castino
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thiel G, Backes TM, Guethlein LA, Rössler OG. Critical Protein-Protein Interactions Determine the Biological Activity of Elk-1, a Master Regulator of Stimulus-Induced Gene Transcription. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206125. [PMID: 34684708 PMCID: PMC8541449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elk-1 is a transcription factor that binds together with a dimer of the serum response factor (SRF) to the serum-response element (SRE), a genetic element that connects cellular stimulation with gene transcription. Elk-1 plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, thymocyte development, glucose homeostasis and brain function. The biological function of Elk-1 relies essentially on the interaction with other proteins. Elk-1 binds to SRF and generates a functional ternary complex that is required to activate SRE-mediated gene transcription. Elk-1 is kept in an inactive state under basal conditions via binding of a SUMO-histone deacetylase complex. Phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase or p38 upregulates the transcriptional activity of Elk-1, mediated by binding to the mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription (Mediator) and the transcriptional coactivator p300. Strong and extended phosphorylation of Elk-1 attenuates Mediator and p300 recruitment and allows the binding of the mSin3A-histone deacetylase corepressor complex. The subsequent dephosphorylation of Elk-1, catalyzed by the protein phosphatase calcineurin, facilitates the re-SUMOylation of Elk-1, transforming Elk-1 back to a transcriptionally inactive state. Thus, numerous protein–protein interactions control the activation cycle of Elk-1 and are essential for its biological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841-1626506; Fax: +49-6841-1626500
| | - Tobias M. Backes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
| | - Lisbeth A. Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Oliver G. Rössler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical Faculty, D-66421 Homburg, Germany; (T.M.B.); (O.G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Woulfe KC, Jeffrey DA, Pires Da Silva J, Wilson CE, Mahaffey JH, Lau E, Slavov D, Hailu F, Karimpour-Fard A, Dockstader K, Bristow MR, Stauffer BL, Miyamoto SD, Sucharov CC. Serum response factor deletion 5 regulates phospholamban phosphorylation and calcium uptake. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:28-37. [PMID: 34139234 PMCID: PMC8546760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (pDCM) is characterized by unique age-dependent molecular mechanisms that include myocellular responses to therapy. We previously showed that pDCM, but not adult DCM patients respond to phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors (PDE3i) by increasing levels of the second messenger cAMP and consequent phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the differential pediatric and adult response to PDE3i are not clear. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantification of serum response factor (SRF) isoforms from the left ventricle of explanted hearts showed that PDE3i treatment affects expression of SRF isoforms in pDCM hearts. An SRF isoform lacking exon 5 (SRFdel5) was highly expressed in the hearts of pediatric, but not adult DCM patients treated with PDE3i. To determine the functional consequence of expression of SRFdel5, we overexpressed full length SRF or SRFdel5 in cultured cardiomyocytes with and without adrenergic stimulation. Compared to a control adenovirus, expression of SRFdel5 increased phosphorylation of PLN, negatively affected expression of the phosphatase that promotes dephosphorylation of PLN (PP2Cε), and promoted faster calcium reuptake, whereas expression of full length SRF attenuated calcium reuptake through blunted phosphorylation of PLN. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that expression of SRFdel5 in pDCM hearts in response to PDE3i contributes to improved function through regulating PLN phosphorylation and thereby calcium reuptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Woulfe
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Danielle A Jeffrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie Pires Da Silva
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cortney E Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer H Mahaffey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dobromir Slavov
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Frehiwet Hailu
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Karen Dockstader
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ni H, Haemmig S, Deng Y, Chen J, Simion V, Yang D, Sukhova G, Shvartz E, Wara AKMK, Cheng HS, Pérez-Cremades D, Assa C, Sausen G, Zhuang R, Dai Q, Feinberg MW. A Smooth Muscle Cell-Enriched Long Noncoding RNA Regulates Cell Plasticity and Atherosclerosis by Interacting With Serum Response Factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2399-2416. [PMID: 34289702 PMCID: PMC8387455 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plasticity plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in the vessel wall and impact cellular function through diverse interactors. However, the role of lncRNAs in regulating VSMCs plasticity and atherosclerosis remains unclear. Approach and Results We identified a VSMC-enriched lncRNA cardiac mesoderm enhancer-associated noncoding RNA (CARMN) that is dynamically regulated with progression of atherosclerosis. In both mouse and human atherosclerotic plaques, CARMN colocalized with VSMCs and was expressed in the nucleus. Knockdown of CARMN using antisense oligonucleotides in Ldlr−/− mice significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation by 38% and suppressed VSMCs proliferation by 45% without affecting apoptosis. In vitro CARMN gain- and loss-of-function studies verified effects on VSMC proliferation, migration, and differentiation. TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-beta) induced CARMN expression in a Smad2/3-dependent manner. CARMN regulated VSMC plasticity independent of the miR143/145 cluster, which is located in close proximity to the CARMN locus. Mechanistically, lncRNA pulldown in combination with mass spectrometry analysis showed that the nuclear-localized CARMN interacted with SRF (serum response factor) through a specific 600–1197 nucleotide domain. CARMN enhanced SRF occupancy on the promoter regions of its downstream VSMC targets. Finally, knockdown of SRF abolished the regulatory role of CARMN in VSMC plasticity. Conclusions The lncRNA CARMN is a critical regulator of VSMC plasticity and atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the role of a lncRNA in SRF-dependent signaling and provide implications for a range of chronic vascular occlusive disease states.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement
- Cell Plasticity
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaner Ni
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yihuan Deng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingshu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Galina Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eugenia Shvartz
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - AKM Khyrul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry S Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Pérez-Cremades
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carmel Assa
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grasiele Sausen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rulin Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qiuyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tiegs AW, Titus S, Mehta S, Garcia-Milian R, Seli E, Scott RT. Cumulus cells of euploid versus whole chromosome 21 aneuploid embryos reveal differentially expressed genes. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:614-626. [PMID: 34417138 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can cumulus cells be used as a non-invasive target for the study of determinants of preimplantation embryo quality? DESIGN Cumulus cells were collected from monosomy 21, trisomy 21 and euploid embryos and subjected to RNA sequencing analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. The differential gene expression was analysed for different comparisons. RESULTS A total of 3122 genes in monosomy 21 cumulus cells and 19 genes in trisomy 21 cumulus cells were differentially expressed compared with euploid cumulus cells. Thirteen of these genes were differentially expressed in both monosomy and trisomy 21, compared with euploid, including disheveled segment polarity protein 2 (DVL2), cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1/CYR61) and serum response factor (SRF), which have been previously implicated in embryo developmental competence. In addition, ingenuity pathway analysis revealed cell-cell contact function to be affected in both monosomy and trisomy 21 cumulus cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of cumulus cell gene expression analysis for the development of biomarkers evaluating oocyte quality for patients undergoing fertility preservation of oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley W Tiegs
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge NJ 07920, USA; Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| | - Shiny Titus
- Foundation for Embryonic Competence, Basking Ridge NJ 07920, USA.
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Bioinformartics Support Program, Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven CT 06520-8014, USA
| | - Emre Seli
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge NJ 07920, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard T Scott
- IVIRMA New Jersey, Basking Ridge NJ 07920, USA; Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jin H, Goossens P, Juhasz P, Eijgelaar W, Manca M, Karel JMH, Smirnov E, Sikkink CJJM, Mees BME, Waring O, van Kuijk K, Fazzi GE, Gijbels MJJ, Kutmon M, Evelo CTA, Hedin U, Daemen MJAP, Sluimer JC, Matic L, Biessen EAL. Integrative multiomics analysis of human atherosclerosis reveals a serum response factor-driven network associated with intraplaque hemorrhage. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e458. [PMID: 34185408 PMCID: PMC8236116 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While single-omics analyses on human atherosclerotic plaque have been very useful to map stage- or disease-related differences in expression, they only partly capture the array of changes in this tissue and suffer from scale-intrinsic limitations. In order to better identify processes associated with intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque instability, we therefore combined multiple omics into an integrated model. METHODS In this study, we compared protein and gene makeup of low- versus high-risk atherosclerotic lesion segments from carotid endarterectomy patients, as judged from the absence or presence of intraplaque hemorrhage, respectively. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and peptidomic data of this plaque cohort were aggregated and analyzed by DIABLO, an integrative multivariate classification and feature selection method. RESULTS We identified a protein-gene associated multiomics model able to segregate stable, nonhemorrhaged from vulnerable, hemorrhaged lesions at high predictive performance (AUC >0.95). The dominant component of this model correlated with αSMA- PDGFRα+ fibroblast-like cell content (p = 2.4E-05) and Arg1+ macrophage content (p = 2.2E-04) and was driven by serum response factor (SRF), possibly in a megakaryoblastic leukemia-1/2 (MKL1/2) dependent manner. Gene set overrepresentation analysis on the selected key features of this model pointed to a clear cardiovascular disease signature, with overrepresentation of extracellular matrix synthesis and organization, focal adhesion, and cholesterol metabolism terms, suggestive of the model's relevance for the plaque vulnerability. Finally, we were able to corroborate the predictive power of the selected features in several independent mRNA and proteomic plaque cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our integrative omics study has identified an intraplaque hemorrhage-associated cardiovascular signature that provides excellent stratification of low- from high-risk carotid artery plaques in several independent cohorts. Further study revealed suppression of an SRF-regulated disease network, controlling lesion stability, in vulnerable plaque, which can serve as a scaffold for the design of targeted intervention in plaque destabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter Goossens
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter Eijgelaar
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Manca
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Joël M. H. Karel
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge EngineeringMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Evgueni Smirnov
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge EngineeringMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Olivia Waring
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E. Fazzi
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marion J. J. Gijbels
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical BiochemistryExperimental Vascular BiologyAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT)Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Chris T. A. Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics (BiGCaT)Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Mat J. A. P. Daemen
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science (CVS)University of EdinburghEdinburghScotland
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstituteSolnaSweden
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of PathologySchool for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM)Maastricht UMC+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dhagia V, Kitagawa A, Jacob C, Zheng C, D'Alessandro A, Edwards JG, Rocic P, Gupte R, Gupte SA. G6PD activity contributes to the regulation of histone acetylation and gene expression in smooth muscle cells and to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H999-H1016. [PMID: 33416454 PMCID: PMC7988761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00488.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine 1) the mechanism(s) that enables glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to regulate serum response factor (SRF)- and myocardin (MYOCD)-driven smooth muscle cell (SMC)-restricted gene expression, a process that aids in the differentiation of SMCs, and 2) whether G6PD-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Inhibition of G6PD activity increased (>30%) expression of SMC-restricted genes and concurrently decreased (40%) the growth of human and rat SMCs ex vivo. Expression of SMC-restricted genes decreased (>100-fold) across successive passages in primary cultures of SMCs isolated from mouse aorta. G6PD inhibition increased Myh11 (47%) while decreasing (>50%) Sca-1, a stem cell marker, in cells passaged seven times. Similarly, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated expression of the loss-of-function Mediterranean variant of G6PD (S188F; G6PDS188F) in rats promoted transcription of SMC-restricted genes. G6PD knockdown or inhibition decreased (48.5%) histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, enriched (by 3-fold) H3K27ac on the Myocd promoter, and increased Myocd and Myh11 expression. Interestingly, G6PD activity was significantly higher in aortas from JCR rats with MetS than control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treating JCR rats with epiandrosterone (30 mg/kg/day), a G6PD inhibitor, increased expression of SMC-restricted genes, suppressed Serpine1 and Epha4, and reduced blood pressure. Moreover, feeding SD control (littermates) and G6PDS188F rats a high-fat diet for 4 mo increased Serpine1 and Epha4 expression and mean arterial pressure in SD but not G6PDS188F rats. Our findings demonstrate that G6PD downregulates transcription of SMC-restricted genes through HDAC-dependent deacetylation and potentially augments the severity of vascular diseases associated with MetS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study gives detailed mechanistic insight about the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype by metabolic reprogramming and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate that G6PD controls the chromatin modifications by regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone 3-lysine 9 and 27. Notably, inhibition of G6PD decreases HDAC activity and enriches H3K27ac on myocardin gene promoter to enhance the expression of SMC-restricted genes. Also, we demonstrate for the first time that G6PD inhibitor treatment accentuates metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming to reduce neointimal formation in coronary artery and large artery elastance in metabolic syndrome rats.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Hemodynamics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Metabolic Syndrome/genetics
- Metabolic Syndrome/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Rats
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Dhagia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Atsushi Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Christina Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Connie Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rakhee Gupte
- Raadysan Biotech., Incorporated, Fishkill, New York
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kepser LJ, Khudayberdiev S, Hinojosa LS, Macchi C, Ruscica M, Marcello E, Culmsee C, Grosse R, Rust MB. Cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) controls MRTF-A localization and SRF activity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4789. [PMID: 33637797 PMCID: PMC7910472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies identified cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) as important regulators of actin dynamics that control assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). While these studies significantly advanced our knowledge of their molecular functions, the physiological relevance of CAPs largely remained elusive. Gene targeting in mice implicated CAP2 in heart physiology and skeletal muscle development. Heart defects in CAP2 mutant mice were associated with altered activity of serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor involved in multiple biological processes including heart function, but also skeletal muscle development. By exploiting mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from CAP2 mutant mice, we aimed at deciphering the CAP2-dependent mechanism relevant for SRF activity. Reporter assays and mRNA quantification by qPCR revealed reduced SRF-dependent gene expression in mutant MEFs. Reduced SRF activity in CAP2 mutant MEFs was associated with altered actin turnover, a shift in the actin equilibrium towards monomeric actin (G-actin) as well as and reduced nuclear levels of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a transcriptional SRF coactivator that is shuttled out of the nucleus and, hence, inhibited upon G-actin binding. Moreover, pharmacological actin manipulation with jasplakinolide restored MRTF-A distribution in mutant MEFs. Our data are in line with a model in which CAP2 controls the MRTF-SRF pathway in an actin-dependent manner. While MRTF-A localization and SRF activity was impaired under basal conditions, serum stimulation induced nuclear MRTF-A translocation and SRF activity in mutant MEFs similar to controls. In summary, our data revealed that in MEFs CAP2 controls basal MRTF-A localization and SRF activity, while it was dispensable for serum-induced nuclear MRTF-A translocation and SRF stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara-Jane Kepser
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Soto Hinojosa
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yingling CV, Pruyne D. FHOD formin and SRF promote post-embryonic striated muscle growth through separate pathways in C. elegans. Exp Cell Res 2021; 398:112388. [PMID: 33221314 PMCID: PMC7750259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work with cultured cells has shown transcription of muscle genes by serum response factor (SRF) can be stimulated by actin polymerization driven by proteins of the formin family. However, it is not clear if endogenous formins similarly promote SRF-dependent transcription during muscle development in vivo. We tested whether formin activity promotes SRF-dependent transcription in striated muscle in the simple animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our lab has shown FHOD-1 is the only formin that directly promotes sarcomere formation in the worm's striated muscle. We show here FHOD-1 and SRF homolog UNC-120 both support muscle growth and also muscle myosin II heavy chain A expression. However, while a hypomorphic unc-120 allele blunts expression of a set of striated muscle genes, these genes are largely upregulated or unchanged by absence of FHOD-1. Instead, pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome restores myosin protein levels in worms lacking FHOD-1, suggesting elevated proteolysis accounts for their myosin deficit. Interestingly, proteasome inhibition does not restore normal muscle growth to fhod-1(Δ) mutants, suggesting formin contributes to muscle growth by some alternative mechanism. Overall, we find SRF does not depend on formin to promote muscle gene transcription in a simple in vivo system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis V Yingling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - David Pruyne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 107 Weiskotten Hall, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pérez-Lluch S, Klein CC, Breschi A, Ruiz-Romero M, Abad A, Palumbo E, Bekish L, Arnan C, Guigó R. bsAS, an antisense long non-coding RNA, essential for correct wing development through regulation of blistered/DSRF isoform usage. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009245. [PMID: 33370262 PMCID: PMC7793246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Antisense Transcripts (NATs) are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that overlap coding genes in the opposite strand. NATs roles have been related to gene regulation through different mechanisms, including post-transcriptional RNA processing. With the aim to identify NATs with potential regulatory function during fly development, we generated RNA-Seq data in Drosophila developing tissues and found bsAS, one of the most highly expressed lncRNAs in the fly wing. bsAS is antisense to bs/DSRF, a gene involved in wing development and neural processes. bsAS plays a crucial role in the tissue specific regulation of the expression of the bs/DSRF isoforms. This regulation is essential for the correct determination of cell fate during Drosophila development, as bsAS knockouts show highly aberrant phenotypes. Regulation of bs isoform usage by bsAS is mediated by specific physical interactions between the promoters of these two genes, which suggests a regulatory mechanism involving the collision of RNA polymerases transcribing in opposite directions. Evolutionary analysis suggests that bsAS NAT emerged simultaneously to the long-short isoform structure of bs, preceding the emergence of wings in insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pérez-Lluch
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cecilia C. Klein
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Breschi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Ruiz-Romero
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Amaya Abad
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emilio Palumbo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lyazzat Bekish
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Arnan
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona (BIST), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang Y, Pedigo CE, Inoue K, Tian X, Cross E, Ebenezer K, Li W, Wang Z, Shin JW, Schwartze E, Groener M, Ishibe S. Murine Epsins Play an Integral Role in Podocyte Function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2870-2886. [PMID: 33051360 PMCID: PMC7790213 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epsins, a family of evolutionarily conserved membrane proteins, play an essential role in endocytosis and signaling in podocytes. METHODS Podocyte-specific Epn1, Epn2, Epn3 triple-knockout mice were generated to examine downstream regulation of serum response factor (SRF) by cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42). RESULTS Podocyte-specific loss of epsins resulted in increased albuminuria and foot process effacement. Primary podocytes isolated from these knockout mice exhibited abnormalities in cell adhesion and spreading, which may be attributed to reduced activation of cell division control protein Cdc42 and SRF, resulting in diminished β1 integrin expression. In addition, podocyte-specific loss of Srf resulted in severe albuminuria and foot process effacement, and defects in cell adhesion and spreading, along with decreased β1 integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS Epsins play an indispensable role in maintaining properly functioning podocytes through the regulation of Cdc42 and SRF-dependent β1 integrin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Christopher E Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen Ebenezer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jee Won Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eike Schwartze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marwin Groener
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Borlepawar A, Schmiedel N, Eden M, Christen L, Rosskopf A, Frank D, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Frey N, Rangrez AY. Dysbindin deficiency Alters Cardiac BLOC-1 Complex and Myozap Levels in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112390. [PMID: 33142804 PMCID: PMC7692170 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbindin, a schizophrenia susceptibility marker and an essential constituent of BLOC-1 (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1), has recently been associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the activation of Myozap-RhoA-mediated SRF signaling. We employed sandy mice (Dtnbp1_KO), which completely lack Dysbindin protein because of a spontaneous deletion of introns 5-7 of the Dtnbp1 gene, for pathophysiological characterization of the heart. Unlike in vitro, the loss-of-function of Dysbindin did not attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, either in response to transverse aortic constriction stress or upon phenylephrine treatment. Interestingly, however, the levels of hypertrophy-inducing interaction partner Myozap as well as the BLOC-1 partners of Dysbindin like Muted and Pallidin were dramatically reduced in Dtnbp1_KO mouse hearts. Taken together, our data suggest that Dysbindin's role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is redundant in vivo, yet essential to maintain the stability of its direct interaction partners like Myozap, Pallidin and Muted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Borlepawar
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nesrin Schmiedel
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Eden
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lynn Christen
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
| | - Alexandra Rosskopf
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (A.B.); (N.S.); (M.E.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (D.F.); (N.F.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-500-22966; Fax: +49-431-500-22938
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sharma S, Dincer C, Weidemüller P, Wright GJ, Petsalaki E. CEN-tools: an integrative platform to identify the contexts of essential genes. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9698. [PMID: 33073517 PMCID: PMC7569414 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging theme from large-scale genetic screens that identify genes essential for cell fitness is that essentiality of a given gene is highly context-specific. Identification of such contexts could be the key to defining gene function and also to develop novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we present Context-specific Essentiality Network-tools (CEN-tools), a website and python package, in which users can interrogate the essentiality of a gene from large-scale genome-scale CRISPR screens in a number of biological contexts including tissue of origin, mutation profiles, expression levels and drug responses. We show that CEN-tools is suitable for the systematic identification of genetic dependencies and for more targeted queries. The associations between genes and a given context are represented as dependency networks (CENs), and we demonstrate the utility of these networks in elucidating novel gene functions. In addition, we integrate the dependency networks with existing protein-protein interaction networks to reveal context-dependent essential cellular pathways in cancer cells. Together, we demonstrate the applicability of CEN-tools in aiding the current efforts to define the human cellular dependency map.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Sharma
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUK
- Cell Surface Signalling LaboratoryWellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- Present address:
MRC Human Immunology UnitJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Cansu Dincer
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Paula Weidemüller
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling LaboratoryWellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics InstituteWellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stern C, Schreier B, Nolze A, Rabe S, Mildenberger S, Gekle M. Knockout of vascular smooth muscle EGF receptor in a mouse model prevents obesity-induced vascular dysfunction and renal damage in vivo. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2218-2234. [PMID: 32548701 PMCID: PMC7476975 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity causes type 2 diabetes leading to vascular dysfunction and finally renal end-organ damage. Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) EGF receptor (EGFR) modulates vascular wall homeostasis in part via serum response factor (SRF), a major regulator of VSM differentiation and a sensor for glucose. We investigated the role of VSM-EGFR during obesity-induced renovascular dysfunction, as well as EGFR-hyperglycaemia crosstalk. METHODS The role of VSM-EGFR during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes was investigated in a mouse model with inducible, VSM-specific EGFR-knockout (KO). Various structural and functional variables as well as transcriptome changes, in vivo and ex vivo, were assessed. The impact of hyperglycaemia on EGFR-induced signalling and SRF transcriptional activity and the underlying mechanisms were investigated at the cellular level. RESULTS We show that VSM-EGFR mediates obesity/type 2 diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction, remodelling and transcriptome dysregulation preceding renal damage and identify an EGFR-glucose synergism in terms of SRF activation, matrix dysregulation and mitochondrial function. EGFR deletion protects the animals from HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction, creatininaemia and albuminuria. Furthermore, we show that HFD leads to marked changes of the aortic transcriptome in wild-type but not in KO animals, indicative of EGFR-dependent SRF activation, matrix dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, the latter confirmed at the cellular level. Studies at the cellular level revealed that high glucose potentiated EGFR/EGF receptor 2 (ErbB2)-induced stimulation of SRF activity, enhancing the graded signalling responses to EGF, via the EGFR/ErbB2-ROCK-actin-MRTF pathway and promoted mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION VSM-EGFR contributes to HFD-induced vascular and subsequent renal alterations. We propose that a potentiated EGFR/ErbB2-ROCK-MRTF-SRF signalling axis and mitochondrial dysfunction underlie the role of EGFR. This advanced working hypothesis will be investigated in mechanistic depth in future studies. VSM-EGFR may be a therapeutic target in cases of type 2 diabetes-induced renovascular disease. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in: (1) share_it, the data repository of the academic libraries of Saxony-Anhalt ( https://doi.org/10.25673/32049.2 ); and (2) in the gene expression omnibus database with the study identity GSE144838 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE144838 ). Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stern
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Nolze
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Sindy Rabe
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 6, 06112, Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu R, Xiong X, Nam D, Yechoor V, Ma K. SRF-MRTF signaling suppresses brown adipocyte development by modulating TGF-β/BMP pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110920. [PMID: 32603734 PMCID: PMC7484394 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SRF/MRTF and upstream signaling cascade play key roles in actin cytoskeleton organization and myocyte development. To date, how this signaling axis may function in brown adipocyte lineage commitment and maturation has not been delineated. Here we report that MRTF-SRF signaling exerts inhibitory actions on brown adipogenesis, and suppressing this negative regulation promotes brown adipocyte lineage development. During brown adipogenic differentiation, protein expressions of SRF, MRTFA/B and its transcription targets were down-regulated, and MRTFA/B shuttled from nucleus to cytoplasm. Silencing of SRF or MRTF-A/MRTF-B enhanced two distinct stages of brown adipocyte development, mesenchymal stem cell determination to brown adipocytes and terminal differentiation of brown adipogenic progenitors. We further demonstrate that the MRTF-SRF axis exerts transcriptional regulations of the TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway, critical developmental cues for brown adipocyte development. TGF-β signaling activity was significantly attenuated, whereas that of the BMP pathway augmented by inhibition of SRF or MRTF-A/MRTF-B, leading to enhanced brown adipocyte differentiation. Our study demonstrates the MRTF-SRF transcriptional cascade as a negative regulator of brown adipogenesis, through its transcriptional control of the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Liu
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Xuekai Xiong
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Deokhwa Nam
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vijay Yechoor
- Diabetes and Beta Cell Biology Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stecky RC, Quick CR, Fleming TL, Mull ML, Vinson VK, Whitley MS, Dover EN, Meigs TE. Divergent C-terminal motifs in Gα12 and Gα13 provide distinct mechanisms of effector binding and SRF activation. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109653. [PMID: 32330601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The G12/13 subfamily of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins comprises the α subunits Gα12 and Gα13, which transduce signals for cell growth, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and oncogenic transformation. In an increasing range of cancers, overexpressed Gα12 or Gα13 are implicated in aberrant cell proliferation and/or metastatic invasion. Although Gα12 and Gα13 bind non-redundant sets of effector proteins and participate in unique signalling pathways, the structural features responsible for functional differences between these α subunits are largely unknown. Invertebrates encode a single G12/13 homolog that participates in cytoskeletal changes yet appears to lack signalling to SRF (serum response factor), a transcriptional activator stimulated by mammalian Gα12 and Gα13 to promote growth and tumorigenesis. Our previous studies identified an evolutionarily divergent region in Gα12 for which replacement by homologous sequence from Drosophila melanogaster abolished SRF signalling, whereas the same invertebrate substitution was fully tolerated in Gα13 [Montgomery et al. (2014) Mol. Pharmacol. 85: 586]. These findings prompted our current approach of evolution-guided mutagenesis to identify fine structural features of Gα12 and Gα13 that underlie their respective SRF activation mechanisms. Our results identified two motifs flanking the α4 helix that play a key role in Gα12 signalling to SRF. We found the region encompassing these motifs to provide an interacting surface for multiple Gα12-specific target proteins that fail to bind Gα13. Adjacent to this divergent region, a highly-conserved domain was vital for SRF activation by both Gα12 and Gα13. However, dissection of this domain using invertebrate substitutions revealed different signalling mechanisms in these α subunits and identified Gα13-specific determinants of binding Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Furthermore, invertebrate substitutions in the C-terminal, α5 helical region were selectively disruptive to Gα12 signalling. Taken together, our results identify key structural features near the C-terminus that evolved after the divergence of Gα12 and Gα13, and should aid the development of agents to selectively manipulate signalling by individual α subunits of the G12/13 subfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Stecky
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Courtney R Quick
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Todd L Fleming
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Makenzy L Mull
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Vanessa K Vinson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Megan S Whitley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - E Nicole Dover
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Meigs
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nagao M, Lyu Q, Zhao Q, Wirka RC, Bagga J, Nguyen T, Cheng P, Kim JB, Pjanic M, Miano JM, Quertermous T. Coronary Disease-Associated Gene TCF21 Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by Blocking the Myocardin-Serum Response Factor Pathway. Circ Res 2020; 126:517-529. [PMID: 31815603 PMCID: PMC7274203 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gene encoding TCF21 (transcription factor 21) has been linked to coronary artery disease risk by human genome-wide association studies in multiple racial ethnic groups. In murine models, Tcf21 is required for phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerotic tissues and promotes a fibroblast phenotype in these cells. In humans, TCF21 expression inhibits risk for coronary artery disease. The molecular mechanism by which TCF21 regulates SMC phenotype is not known. OBJECTIVE To better understand how TCF21 affects the SMC phenotype, we sought to investigate the possible mechanisms by which it regulates the lineage determining MYOCD (myocardin)-SRF (serum response factor) pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Modulation of TCF21 expression in human coronary artery SMC revealed that TCF21 suppresses a broad range of SMC markers, as well as key SMC transcription factors MYOCD and SRF, at the RNA and protein level. We conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to map SRF-binding sites in human coronary artery SMC, showing that binding is colocalized in the genome with TCF21, including at a novel enhancer in the SRF gene, and at the MYOCD gene promoter. In vitro genome editing indicated that the SRF enhancer CArG box regulates transcription of the SRF gene, and mutation of this conserved motif in the orthologous mouse SRF enhancer revealed decreased SRF expression in aorta and heart tissues. Direct TCF21 binding and transcriptional inhibition at colocalized sites were established by reporter gene transfection assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and protein coimmunoprecipitation studies provided evidence that TCF21 blocks MYOCD and SRF association by direct TCF21-MYOCD interaction. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that TCF21 antagonizes the MYOCD-SRF pathway through multiple mechanisms, further establishing a role for this coronary artery disease-associated gene in fundamental SMC processes and indicating the importance of smooth muscle response to vascular stress and phenotypic modulation of this cell type in coronary artery disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Qing Lyu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14624
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert C Wirka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joetsaroop Bagga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14624
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hor CN, Yeung J, Jan M, Emmenegger Y, Hubbard J, Xenarios I, Naef F, Franken P. Sleep-wake-driven and circadian contributions to daily rhythms in gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the murine cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25773-25783. [PMID: 31776259 PMCID: PMC6925978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910590116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing and duration of sleep results from the interaction between a homeostatic sleep-wake-driven process and a periodic circadian process, and involves changes in gene regulation and expression. Unraveling the contributions of both processes and their interaction to transcriptional and epigenomic regulatory dynamics requires sampling over time under conditions of unperturbed and perturbed sleep. We profiled mRNA expression and chromatin accessibility in the cerebral cortex of mice over a 3-d period, including a 6-h sleep deprivation (SD) on day 2. We used mathematical modeling to integrate time series of mRNA expression data with sleep-wake history, which established that a large proportion of rhythmic genes are governed by the homeostatic process with varying degrees of interaction with the circadian process, sometimes working in opposition. Remarkably, SD caused long-term effects on gene-expression dynamics, outlasting phenotypic recovery, most strikingly illustrated by a damped oscillation of most core clock genes, including Arntl/Bmal1, suggesting that enforced wakefulness directly impacts the molecular clock machinery. Chromatin accessibility proved highly plastic and dynamically affected by SD. Dynamics in distal regions, rather than promoters, correlated with mRNA expression, implying that changes in expression result from constitutively accessible promoters under the influence of enhancers or repressors. Serum response factor (SRF) was predicted as a transcriptional regulator driving immediate response, suggesting that SRF activity mirrors the build-up and release of sleep pressure. Our results demonstrate that a single, short SD has long-term aftereffects at the genomic regulatory level and highlights the importance of the sleep-wake distribution to diurnal rhythmicity and circadian processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte N Hor
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jake Yeung
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Jan
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT Systems Biology Division, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Emmenegger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Hubbard
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hou J, Liu B, Zhu B, Wang D, Qiao Y, Luo E, Nawabi AQ, Yan G, Tang C. Role of integrin-linked kinase in the hypoxia-induced phenotypic transition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: Implications for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111476. [PMID: 31255599 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic transition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from a contractile/differentiated to synthetic/de-differentiated phenotype is an important mechanism for the occurrence and development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an early hypoxic response factor whose kinase activity is significantly affected during early hypoxia. Myocardin and ETS-like protein 1 (Elk-1) are co-activators of serum response factor (SRF) and can bind to SRF to mediate the phenotypic transition of PASMCs. However, little is known about the role of ILK on the phenotypic transition of these PASMCs. Thus, in our study, we explored the role of ILK in this process. We found that the expression of ILK and myocardin decreased gradually with the increase in hypoxia exposure time in the pulmonary arteries of rats. We observed that hypoxia exposure for 1 h caused an increase in the phosphorylation of Elk-1 but did not affect the expression of ILK, myocardin, or SRF. Exposure to hypoxic treatment for 1 h decreased ILK kinase activity and caused Elk-1 to suppress myocardin binding to SRF and the smooth muscle (SM) α-actin gene promoters. In addition, hypoxia exposure for 24 h decreased the expression of ILK, myocardin, SM α-actin, and calponin but increased the expression of osteopontin. Silencing of the myocardin gene significantly decreased the expression of SM α-actin and calponin but increased the expression of osteopontin. Silencing of the ILK gene significantly decreased the expression of myocardin, SM α-actin, and calponin but increased the expression of osteopontin. ILK overexpression reversed the effects of 24 h of hypoxia on the expression of myocardin, SM α-actin, calponin, and osteopontin and reversed the decrease in binding of myocardin to the SM α-actin promoter caused by 24 h of hypoxia exposure. Thus, our results suggest that ILK initiates the phenotypic transition of PASMCs. The underlying mechanism may involve hypoxia downregulating ILK kinase activity and protein expression, causing Elk-1 to compete with myocardin for binding to the SM α-actin promoter, which downregulates the expression of the downstream target myocardin and results in the phenotypic transition of PASMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. This may be an important mechanism in the development of HPH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Hypoxia/genetics
- Cobalt/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Hemodynamics/genetics
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/enzymology
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Male
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/genetics
- ets-Domain Protein Elk-1/metabolism
- Calponins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Boqian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Erfei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Abdul Qadir Nawabi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chatzifrangkeskou M, Pefani D, Eyres M, Vendrell I, Fischer R, Pankova D, O'Neill E. RASSF1A is required for the maintenance of nuclear actin levels. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101168. [PMID: 31414556 PMCID: PMC6694222 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin participates in many essential cellular processes including gene transcription, chromatin remodelling and mRNA processing. Actin shuttles into and out the nucleus through the action of dedicated transport receptors importin-9 and exportin-6, but how this transport is regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that RASSF1A is a novel regulator of actin nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and is required for the active maintenance of nuclear actin levels through supporting binding of exportin-6 (XPO6) to RAN GTPase. RASSF1A (Ras association domain family 1 isoform A) is a tumour suppressor gene frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in all major solid cancers. Specifically, we demonstrate that endogenous RASSF1A localises to the nuclear envelope (NE) and is required for nucleocytoplasmic actin transport and the concomitant regulation of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a co-activator of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). The RASSF1A/RAN/XPO6/nuclear actin pathway is aberrant in cancer cells where RASSF1A expression is lost and correlates with reduced MRTF-A/SRF activity leading to cell adhesion defects. Taken together, we have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which the nuclear actin pool is regulated and uncovered a previously unknown link of RASSF1A and MRTF-A/SRF in tumour suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafni‐Eleftheria Pefani
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guo Y, Jardin BD, Zhou P, Sethi I, Akerberg BN, Toepfer CN, Ai Y, Li Y, Ma Q, Guatimosim S, Hu Y, Varuzhanyan G, VanDusen NJ, Zhang D, Chan DC, Yuan GC, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Pu WT. Hierarchical and stage-specific regulation of murine cardiomyocyte maturation by serum response factor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3837. [PMID: 30242271 PMCID: PMC6155060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, cardiomyocytes (CM) acquire numerous adaptations in order to efficiently pump blood throughout an animal's lifespan. How this maturation process is regulated and coordinated is poorly understood. Here, we perform a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in mice and identify serum response factor (SRF) as a key regulator of CM maturation. Mosaic SRF depletion in neonatal CMs disrupts many aspects of their maturation, including sarcomere expansion, mitochondrial biogenesis, transverse-tubule formation, and cellular hypertrophy. Maintenance of maturity in adult CMs is less dependent on SRF. This stage-specific activity is associated with developmentally regulated SRF chromatin occupancy and transcriptional regulation. SRF directly activates genes that regulate sarcomere assembly and mitochondrial dynamics. Perturbation of sarcomere assembly but not mitochondrial dynamics recapitulates SRF knockout phenotypes. SRF overexpression also perturbs CM maturation. Together, these data indicate that carefully balanced SRF activity is essential to promote CM maturation through a hierarchy of cellular processes orchestrated by sarcomere assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Blake D Jardin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isha Sethi
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yulan Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yongwu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wenzhou Medical University, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Grigor Varuzhanyan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 114-96, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Nathan J VanDusen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, China
| | - David C Chan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 114-96, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pei H, Guo Z, Wang Z, Dai Y, Zheng L, Zhu L, Zhang J, Hu W, Nie J, Mao W, Jia X, Li B, Hei TK, Zhou G. RAC2 promotes abnormal proliferation of quiescent cells by enhanced JUNB expression via the MAL-SRF pathway. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1115-1123. [PMID: 29895215 PMCID: PMC6110603 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1480217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) occurs most often in radiotherapy of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and other thoracic cancers. The occurrence of RILI is a complex process that includes a variety of cellular and molecular interactions, which ultimately result in carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2) and transcription factor jun-B (JUNB) were upregulated in non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) tissues and were associated with poor prognoses for NSCLC patients. Ionizing radiation also caused increased expression of RAC2 in quiescent stage cells, and the reentry of quiescent cells into a new cell cycle. The activity of the serum response factor (SRF) was activated by RAC2 and other Rho family genes (RhoA, ROCK, and LIM kinase). Consequently, JUNB acted as an oncogene and induced abnormal proliferation of quiescent cells. Together, the results showed that RAC2 can be used as a target gene for radiation protection. A better understanding of the RAC2 and JUNB mechanisms in the molecular etiology of lung cancer will be helpful in reducing cancer risks and side effects during treatment of this disorder. Our study therefore provides a new perspective on the involvement of RAC2 and JUNB as oncogenes in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingchu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Weidong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
- Radiotherapy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tom K. Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physician and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
May CK, Carroll CW. Differential incorporation of SUN-domain proteins into LINC complexes is coupled to gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197621. [PMID: 29813079 PMCID: PMC5973619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LInkers of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, composed of SUN and KASH-domain proteins, span the nuclear envelope and physically connect the nuclear interior to cytoskeletal elements. Most human cells contain two SUN proteins, Sun1 and Sun2, and several KASH-proteins suggesting that multiple functionally distinct LINC complexes co-exist in the nuclear envelope. We show here, however, that while Sun1 and Sun2 in HeLa cells are each able to bind KASH-domains, Sun1 is more efficiently incorporated into LINC complexes under normal growth conditions. Furthermore, the balance of Sun1 and Sun2 incorporated into LINC complexes is cell type-specific and is correlated with SRF/Mkl1-dependent gene expression. In addition, we found that Sun1 has a LINC complex-independent role in transcriptional control, possibly by regulating the SRF/Mkl1 pathway. Together, these data reveal novel insights into the mechanisms of LINC complex regulation and demonstrate that Sun1 modulates gene expression independently of its incorporation into LINC complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. May
- Dept. Of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Carroll
- Dept. Of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Su Z, Zhang M, Xu M, Li X, Tan J, Xu Y, Pan X, Chen N, Chen X, Zhou Q. MicroRNA181c inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and invasion by targeting multiple ERK signaling pathway components. Prostate 2018; 78:343-352. [PMID: 29341215 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ERK signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in tumorigenesis, mostly by classical mechanisms such as gene mutation of its components (eg, RAS and RAF). However, whether and how multiple key components of ERK pathway are regulated by microRNAs are not clear. METHODS We firstly predicted post-transcriptional regulation of multiple key components of the ERK signaling pathway by miR181c through bioinformatics analysis, and then confirmed the post-transcriptional regulation by dual luciferase reporter gene assays and Western blot analysis. The biological effects of miR181c on prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were measured by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound scratch assay, transwell cell migration, and invasion assays. RESULTS miR181c post-transcriptionally regulated multiple key members of the ERK signaling pathway, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), serum response factor (SRF), and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (c-Fos). Ectopic expression of miR181c mimics effectively suppressed prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR181c treatment combined with the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib significantly enhanced these anti-tumor effects. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of miR181c results in deregulated ERK signaling and promotes prostate cancer cell growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Su
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengni Zhang
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinglan Li
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junya Tan
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyi Xu
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuyi Pan
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Reitzner SM, Norrbom J, Sundberg CJ, Gidlund E. Expression of striated activator of rho-signaling in human skeletal muscle following acute exercise and long-term training. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13624. [PMID: 29504288 PMCID: PMC5835521 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The striated activator of rho-signaling (STARS) protein acts as a link between external stimuli and exercise adaptation such as muscle hypertrophy. However, the acute and long-term adaptational response of STARS is still unclear. This study aimed at investigating the acute and long-term endurance training response on the mRNA and protein expression of STARS and its related upstream and downstream factors in human skeletal muscle. mRNA and protein levels of STARS and related factors were assessed in skeletal muscle of healthy young men and women following an acute bout of endurance exercise (n = 15) or 12 weeks of one-legged training (n = 23). Muscle biopsies were obtained before (acute and long-term), at 30 min, 2, and 6 h following acute exercise, and at 24 h following both acute exercise and long-term training. Following acute exercise, STARS mRNA was significantly elevated 3.9-fold at 30 min returning back to baseline 24 h after exercise. STARS protein levels were numerically but nonsignificantly increased 7.2-fold at 24 h. No changes in STARS or ERRα mRNA or STARS protein expression were seen following long-term training. PGC-1α mRNA increased 1.7-fold following long-term training. MRTF-A mRNA was increased both following acute exercise and long-term training, in contrast to SRF mRNA and protein which did not change. STARS mRNA is acutely upregulated with exercise, but there is no cumulative effect to long-term training as seen in PGC-1α mRNA expression. Exercise intensity might play a role in manifestation of protein expression, suggesting a more complex regulation of STARS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M. Reitzner
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jessica Norrbom
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and EthicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eva‐Karin Gidlund
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang X, Azhar G, Wei JY. SIRT2 gene has a classic SRE element, is a downstream target of serum response factor and is likely activated during serum stimulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190011. [PMID: 29267359 PMCID: PMC5739444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin proteins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate various cellular functions. Among the seven sirtuins, SIRT2 is predominantly found in the cytoplasm, and is present in a wide range of tissues. Recent studies indicate that SIRT2 plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis. Several studies indicate that SIRT2 is upregulated under serum deprivation conditions. Since the serum response factor gene usually responds rapidly to serum deprivation and/or serum restoration following deprivation, we hypothesized that a common mechanism may serve to regulate both SIRT2 and SRF during serum stimulation. Using a bioinformatics approach, we searched the SRF binding motif in the SIRT2 gene, and found one classic CArG element (CCATAATAGG) in the SIRT2 gene promoter, which was bound to SRF in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Serum deprivation induced SIRT2 expression, while SRF and the SRF binding protein, p49/STRAP, repressed SIRT2 gene expression. SIRT2 gene expression was also repressed by the Rho/SRF inhibitor, CCG-1423. These data demonstrate that the classic SRE element in the SIRT2 gene promoter region is functional and therefore, SIRT2 gene is a downstream target of the Rho/SRF signaling pathway. The increased expression of SRF that was observed in the aged heart may affect SIRT2 gene expression and contribute to altered metabolic status in senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Gohar Azhar
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Y. Wei
- Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ye G, Huang K, Yu J, Zhao L, Zhu X, Yang Q, Li W, Jiang Y, Zhuang B, Liu H, Shen Z, Wang D, Yan L, Zhang L, Zhou H, Hu Y, Deng H, Liu H, Li G, Qi X. MicroRNA-647 Targets SRF-MYH9 Axis to Suppress Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer. Theranostics 2017; 7:3338-3353. [PMID: 28900514 PMCID: PMC5595136 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating tumour development and progression. Here we show that miR-647 is repressed in gastric cancer (GC), and associated with GC metastasis. Moreover, we identify that miR-647 can suppress GC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, we confirm miR-647 directly binds to the 3' untranslated regions of SRF mRNA, and SRF binds to the CArG box located at the MYH9 promoter. CCG-1423, an inhibitor of RhoA/SRF-mediated gene transcription, inhibits the expression of MYH9, especially in SRF downregulated cells. Overexpression of miR-647 inhibits MGC 80-3 cells' metastasis in orthotropic GC models, but increasing SRF expression in these cells reverses this change. Importantly, we found the synergistic inhibition effect of CCG-1423 and agomir-647, an engineered miRNA mimic, on cancer metastasis in orthotropic GC models. Our study demonstrates that miR-647 functions as a tumor metastasis suppressor in GC by targeting SRF/MYH9 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gengtai Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Kunzhai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Liying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qingbin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangdong Laboratory Animal Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Yuming Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Baoxiong Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hao Liu
- Leder Human Biology and Translational Medicine, Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Haipeng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Haijun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Borlepawar A, Rangrez AY, Bernt A, Christen L, Sossalla S, Frank D, Frey N. TRIM24 protein promotes and TRIM32 protein inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via regulation of dysbindin protein levels. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10180-10196. [PMID: 28465353 PMCID: PMC5473223 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that dysbindin is a potent inducer of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of Rho-dependent serum-response factor (SRF) signaling. We have now performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using dysbindin as bait against a cardiac cDNA library to identify the cardiac dysbindin interactome. Among several putative binding proteins, we identified tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24) and confirmed this interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and co-immunostaining. Another tripartite motif (TRIM) family protein, TRIM32, has been reported earlier as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for dysbindin in skeletal muscle. Consistently, we found that TRIM32 also degraded dysbindin in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes as well. Surprisingly, however, TRIM24 did not promote dysbindin decay but rather protected dysbindin against degradation by TRIM32. Correspondingly, TRIM32 attenuated the activation of SRF signaling and hypertrophy due to dysbindin, whereas TRIM24 promoted these effects in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. This study also implies that TRIM32 is a key regulator of cell viability and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via simultaneous activation of p53 and caspase-3/-7 and inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. In conclusion, we provide here a novel mechanism of post-translational regulation of dysbindin and hypertrophy via TRIM24 and TRIM32 and show the importance of TRIM32 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Apoptosis
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Dysbindin
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/chemistry
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Stability
- Proteolysis
- RNA Interference
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Serum Response Factor/agonists
- Serum Response Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Borlepawar
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Bernt
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lynn Christen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care), University Medical Center Kiel and
- the DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bai X, Mangum KD, Dee RA, Stouffer GA, Lee CR, Oni-Orisan A, Patterson C, Schisler JC, Viera AJ, Taylor JM, Mack CP. Blood pressure-associated polymorphism controls ARHGAP42 expression via serum response factor DNA binding. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:670-680. [PMID: 28112683 PMCID: PMC5272192 DOI: 10.1172/jci88899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that selective expression of the Rho GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP42 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) controls blood pressure by inhibiting RhoA-dependent contractility, providing a mechanism for the blood pressure-associated locus within the ARHGAP42 gene. The goals of the current study were to identify polymorphisms that affect ARHGAP42 expression and to better assess ARHGAP42's role in the development of hypertension. Using DNase I hypersensitivity methods and ENCODE data, we have identified a regulatory element encompassing the ARHGAP42 SNP rs604723 that exhibits strong SMC-selective, allele-specific activity. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of this element in cultured human SMCs markedly reduced endogenous ARHGAP42 expression. DNA binding and transcription assays demonstrated that the minor T allele variation at rs604723 increased the activity of this fragment by promoting serum response transcription factor binding to a cryptic cis-element. ARHGAP42 expression was increased by cell stretch and sphingosine 1-phosphate in a RhoA-dependent manner, and deletion of ARHGAP42 enhanced the progression of hypertension in mice treated with DOCA-salt. Our analysis of a well-characterized cohort of untreated borderline hypertensive patients suggested that ARHGAP42 genotype has important implications in regard to hypertension risk. Taken together, our data add insight into the genetic mechanisms that control blood pressure and provide a potential target for individualized antihypertensive therapies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/pharmacology
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig R. Lee
- McAllister Heart Institute, and
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cam Patterson
- New York–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Anthony J. Viera
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lingerfelt MA, Zhao P, Sharir HP, Hurst DP, Reggio PH, Abood ME. Identification of Crucial Amino Acid Residues Involved in Agonist Signaling at the GPR55 Receptor. Biochemistry 2017; 56:473-486. [PMID: 28005346 PMCID: PMC5338039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GPR55 is a newly deorphanized class A G-protein-coupled receptor that has been implicated in inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, metabolic disorder, bone development, and cancer. Few potent GPR55 ligands have been identified to date. This is largely due to an absence of information about salient features of GPR55, such as residues important for signaling and residues implicated in the GPR55 signaling cascade. The goal of this work was to identify residues that are key for the signaling of the GPR55 endogenous ligand, l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), as well as the signaling of the GPR55 agonist, ML184 {CID 2440433, 3-[4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazine-1-carbonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-4-pyrrolidin-1-ylbenzenesulfonamide}. Serum response element (SRE) and serum response factor (SRF) luciferase assays were used as readouts for studying LPI and ML184 signaling at the GPR55 mutants. A GPR55 R* model based on the recent δ-opioid receptor (DOR) crystal structure was used to interpret the resultant mutation data. Two residues were found to be crucial for agonist signaling at GPR55, K2.60 and E3.29, suggesting that these residues form the primary interaction site for ML184 and LPI at GPR55. Y3.32F, H(170)F, and F6.55A/L mutation results suggested that these residues are part of the orthosteric binding site for ML184, while Y3.32F and H(170)F mutation results suggest that these two residues are part of the LPI binding pocket. Y3.32L, M3.36A, and F6.48A mutation results suggest the importance of a Y3.32/M3.36/F6.48 cluster in the GPR55 signaling cascade. C(10)A and C(260)A mutations suggest that these residues form a second disulfide bridge in the extracellular domain of GPR55, occluding ligand extracellular entry in the TMH1-TMH7 region of GPR55. Taken together, these results provide the first set of discrete information about GPR55 residues important for LPI and ML184 signaling and for GPR55 activation. This information should aid in the rational design of next-generation GPR55 ligands and the creation of the first high-affinity GPR55 radioligand, a tool that is sorely needed in the field.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Binding Sites
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Gene Expression
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Lysophospholipids/chemistry
- Lysophospholipids/pharmacology
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Mutation
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Pyrrolidines/chemistry
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cannabinoid
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Serum Response Element
- Serum Response Factor/chemistry
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Glycine max
- Structural Homology, Protein
- Thermodynamics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Lingerfelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNC-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402 United States
| | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Haleli P. Sharir
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Dow P. Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNC-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402 United States
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNC-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402 United States
| | - Mary E. Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| |
Collapse
|