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Cerutti C, Lucotti S, Menendez ST, Reymond N, Garg R, Romero IA, Muschel R, Ridley AJ. IQGAP1 and NWASP promote human cancer cell dissemination and metastasis by regulating β1-integrin via FAK and MRTF/SRF. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113989. [PMID: 38536816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Attachment of circulating tumor cells to the endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels is a critical step in cancer metastatic colonization, which leads to metastatic outgrowth. Breast and prostate cancers are common malignancies in women and men, respectively. Here, we observe that β1-integrin is required for human prostate and breast cancer cell adhesion to ECs under shear-stress conditions in vitro and to lung blood vessel ECs in vivo. We identify IQGAP1 and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (NWASP) as regulators of β1-integrin transcription and protein expression in prostate and breast cancer cells. IQGAP1 and NWASP depletion in cancer cells decreases adhesion to ECs in vitro and retention in the lung vasculature and metastatic lung nodule formation in vivo. Mechanistically, NWASP and IQGAP1 act downstream of Cdc42 to increase β1-integrin expression both via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/focal adhesion kinase signaling at the protein level and by myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor (SRF) transcriptionally. Our results identify IQGAP1 and NWASP as potential therapeutic targets to reduce early metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cerutti
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Serena Lucotti
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Nicolas Reymond
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Ruth Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK.
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Zhao F, Yang T, Zhou L, Li R, Liu J, Zhao J, Jia R. Sig1R activates extracellular matrix-induced bladder cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis by combing β-integrin. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204721. [PMID: 37199665 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates many biological functions involved in tumorigenesis and tumor development; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R), a stress-activated chaperone, regulates the crosstalk between the ECM and tumor cells and is related to the malignant characteristics of several tumors. However, the link between Sig1R overexpression and ECM during malignancy has not been established in bladder cancer (BC). Here, we analyzed the interaction of Sig1R and β-integrin in BC cells and its role in ECM-mediated cell proliferation and angiogenesis. We found that Sig1R forms a complex with β-integrin to promote ECM-mediated BC cell proliferation and angiogenesis, which enhances the aggressiveness of the tumor cells. This leads to poor survival. Our research revealed that Sig1R mediates the cross-talk between BC cells and their ECM microenvironment, thereby driving the progression of BC. Promisingly, targeting an ion channel function through Sig1R inhibition may serve as a potential approach for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Tianli Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Rongfei Li
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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Malmhäll-Bah E, Andersson KME, Erlandsson MC, Akula MK, Brisslert M, Wiel C, El Zowalaty AE, Sayin VI, Bergö MO, Bokarewa MI. Rho-GTPase dependent leukocyte interaction generates pro-inflammatory thymic Tregs and causes arthritis. J Autoimmun 2022; 130:102843. [PMID: 35643017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Conditional mutation of protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) in macrophages (GLC) activates Rho-GTPases and causes arthritis in mice. Knocking out Rag1 in GLC mice alleviates arthritis which indicates that lymphocytes are required for arthritis development in those mice. To study GLC dependent changes in the adaptive immunity, we isolated CD4+ T cells from GLC mice (CD4+GLCs). Spleen and joint draining lymph nodes (dLN) CD4+GLCs exhibited high expression of Cdc42 and Rac1, which repressed the caudal HOXA proteins and activated the mechanosensory complex to facilitate migration. These CDC42/RAC1 rich CD4+GLCs presented a complete signature of GARP+NRP1+IKZF2+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) of thymic origin. Activation of the β-catenin/Lef1 axis promoted a pro-inflammatory Th1 phenotype of Tregs, which was strongly associated with arthritis severity. Knockout of Cdc42 in macrophages of GLC mice affected CD4+ cell biology and triggered development of non-thymic Tregs. Knockout of Rac1 and RhoA had no such effects on CD4+ cells although it alleviated arthritis in GLC mice. Disrupting macrophage and T cell interaction with CTLA4 fusion protein reduced the Th1-driven inflammation and enrichment of thymic Tregs into dLNs. Antigen challenge reinforced the CD4+GLC phenotype in non-arthritic heterozygote GLC mice and increased accumulation of Rho-GTPase expressing thymic Tregs in dLNs. Our study demonstrates an unexpected role of macrophages in stimulating the development of pro-inflammatory thymic Tregs and reveal activation of Rho-GTPases behind their arthritogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Malmhäll-Bah
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M E Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna Stråket 16, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Murali K Akula
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brisslert
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergö
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden; Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna Stråket 16, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Baster Z, Li L, Kukkurainen S, Chen J, Pentikäinen O, Győrffy B, Hytönen VP, Zhu H, Rajfur Z, Huang C. Cyanidin-3-glucoside binds to talin and modulates colon cancer cell adhesions and 3D growth. FASEB J 2020; 34:2227-2237. [PMID: 31916632 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900945r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is a natural pigment, found in many colorful fruits and vegetables. It has many health benefits, including anti-inflammation, cancer prevention, and anti-diabetes. Although C3G is assumed to be an antioxidant, it has been reported to affect cell-matrix adhesions. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that the expression of talin1, a key regulator of integrins and cell adhesions, negatively correlated with the survival rate of colon cancer patients and that depletion of talin1 inhibited 3D spheroid growth in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, C3G bound to talin and promoted the interaction of talin with β1A-integrin. Molecular docking analysis shows that C3G binds to the interface of the talin-β-integrin complex, acting as an allosteric regulator and altering the interaction between talin and integrin. Moreover, C3G promoted colon cancer cell attachment to fibronectin. While C3G had no significant effect on colon cancer cell proliferation, it significantly inhibited 3D spheroid growth in fibrin gel assays. Since C3G has no or very low toxicity, it could be potentially used for colon cancer prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Baster
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Liqing Li
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FL, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Olli Pentikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FL, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, FL, USA.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, FL, USA
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Cai Huang
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Tang X, Zhai F, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. The Roles of β-Integrin of Chinese Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) in WSSV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071465. [PMID: 28686185 PMCID: PMC5535956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that an integrin β subunit of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) (FcβInt) plays an important role in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. In the present work, in order to further elucidate the potential role of FcβInt in WSSV infection, the recombinant extracellular domain of β integringene of F. Chinensis (rFcβInt-ER) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the eukaryotic expression plasmid PcDNA3.1-FcβInt-ER (PFcβInt-ER) was also constructed. Far-western blotting was performed to determine the binding specificity of rFcβInt-ER to WSSV envelope proteins, and results showed that rFcβInt-ER was able to specifically interact with rVP31, rVP37, rVP110 and rVP187. Moreover, the blocking effects of mouse anti-rFcβint-ER antibodies were both detected in vivo and in vitro. The ELISA and Dot-blotting in vitro assays both showed that mouse anti-rFcβInt-ER antibodies could partially block the binding of WSSV to the hemocyte membrane of F. chinensis. In the in vivo assays, the mortality of shrimp injected with WSSV mixed with anti-rFcβInt-ER antibodies was delayed, and was lower than in the control group. While the shrimp were intramuscularly injected with PFcβInt-ER, transcripts of PFcβInt-ER could be detected in different shrimp tissues within 7 days, and the mortality of shrimp injected with PFcβInt-ER was also delayed and lower compared with the control group post WSSV challenge. Furthermore, gene silencing technology was also used to verify the effect of FcβInt in WSSV infection, and results showed that the expression levels of the WSSV immediate early gene iel, early gene wsv477, and late gene VP28 and the mortality of F. Chinensis were all significantly decreased in the FcβInt knock-down hemocyctes compared to the control group. Taken together, these results suggest that FcβInt plays important roles in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fude Zhai
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, China.
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6
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Kong QL, An XZ, Guan XM, Ma YM, Li PF, Liang SY, Hu YN, Cui YH, Yu J. [Expression of β-integrin family members in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:620-626. [PMID: 28606226 PMCID: PMC7390291 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of β-integrin family members in children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and their significance. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed to assess the expression levels of β-integrin family members in bone marrow samples from 22 children with newly-diagnosed T-ALL and 21 controls (16 children with non-malignant hematologic disease and 5 healthy donors with bone marrow transplantation). Jurkat cells were treated with integrin inhibitor arginine-glycine-aspartate (Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD) peptide. The cell viability and apoptosis rate were determined by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry respectively. RESULTS The mRNA levels of integrins β2, β3, and β5 were significantly lower in children with T-ALL than in controls (P<0.05). In T-ALL patients, high integrin β3 expression was associated with lower white blood cell counts (<100×109/L), minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity, and day 33 bone marrow negative remission (P<0.05). In T-ALL patients, higher integrin β5 expression was associated with relapse of T-ALL (P<0.05). Based on survival curve analysis, higher integrin β3 expression was related to lower event-free survival and overall survival rates. RGD peptide treatment inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells and increased their apoptosis rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS β-Integrin may play a role in the occurrence and development of T-ALL by affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression of integrin β5 is closely related to the risk of relapse of T-ALL. The expression of integrin β3 is closely related the treatment response and prognosis of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lin Kong
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Evans W, Filippova M, Filippov V, Bashkirova S, Zhang G, Reeves ME, Duerksen-Hughes P. Overexpression of HPV16 E6* Alters β-Integrin and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Pathways in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2016; 13:259-273. [PMID: 27365376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause nearly all cases of cervical cancer, as well as many types of oral and anogenital cancer. Alternative splicing increases the capacity of the HPV genome to encode the proteins necessary for successful completion of its infectious life cycle. However, the roles of these splice variants, including E6*, the smaller splice isoform of the E6 oncogene, in carcinogenesis are not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS SiHa (HPV16(+)) and C33A (HPV(-)) cells were transfected with the E6* plasmid, and tandem mass tag-labeled protein levels were quantified by mass spectrometry. Proteomic analyses identified pathways affected by E6* in both HPV(+) and HPV(-) cells, and pathways were validated using in vitro methods. RESULTS A total of 4,300 proteins were identified and quantified in lysates of SiHa and C33A cells with and without HPV16 E6* expression. SiHa and C33A cells expressing E6* underwent changes in protein expression affecting integrin signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, respectively. Subsequent experiments were performed to validate selected E6*-mediated alterations in protein levels. CONCLUSION E6* modifies the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation in C33A cells, and β-integrin signaling in SiHa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Evans
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A
| | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A
| | - Svetlana Bashkirova
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Loma Linda VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, U.S.A.
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Von Stetina SE, Mango SE. PAR-6, but not E-cadherin and β-integrin, is necessary for epithelial polarization in C. elegans. Dev Biol 2015; 403:5-14. [PMID: 25773364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity is a fundamental characteristic of epithelial cells. Classical cell biological studies have suggested that establishment and orientation of polarized epithelia depend on outside-in cues that derive from interactions with either neighboring cells or the substratum (Akhtar and Streuli, 2013; Chen and Zhang, 2013; Chung and Andrew, 2008; McNeill et al., 1990; Nejsum and Nelson, 2007; Nelson et al., 2013; Ojakian and Schwimmer, 1994; Wang et al., 1990; Yu et al., 2005). This paradigm has been challenged by examples of epithelia generated in the absence of molecules that mediate cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, notably E-cadherin and integrins (Baas et al., 2004; Choi et al., 2013; Costa et al., 1998; Harris and Peifer, 2004; Raich et al., 1999; Roote and Zusman, 1995; Vestweber et al., 1985; Williams and Waterston, 1994; Wu et al., 2009). Here we explore an alternative hypothesis, that cadherins and integrins function redundantly to substitute for one another during epithelium formation (Martinez-Rico et al., 2010; Ojakian et al., 2001; Rudkouskaya et al., 2014; Weber et al., 2011). We use C. elegans, which possesses a single E-cadherin (Costa et al., 1998; Hardin et al., 2013; Tepass, 1999) and a single β-integrin (Gettner et al., 1995; Lee et al., 2001), and analyze the arcade cells, which generate an epithelium late in embryogenesis (Portereiko and Mango, 2001; Portereiko et al., 2004), after most maternal factors are depleted. Loss of E-cadherin(HMR-1) in combination with β-integrin(PAT-3) had no impact on the onset or formation of the arcade cell epithelium, nor the epidermis or digestive tract. Moreover, ß-integrin(PAT-3) was not enriched at the basal surface of the arcades, and the candidate PAT-3 binding partner β-laminin(LAM-1) was not detected until after arcade cell polarity was established and exhibited no obvious polarity defect when mutated. Instead, the polarity protein par-6 (Chen and Zhang, 2013; Watts et al., 1996) was required to polarize the arcade cells, and par-6 mutants exhibited mislocalized or absent apical and junctional proteins. We conclude that the arcade cell epithelium polarizes by a PAR-6-mediated pathway that is independent of E-cadherin, β-integrin and β-laminin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Von Stetina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Susan E Mango
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
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9
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Zhong R, Tang X, Zhan W, Xing J, Sheng X. Expression kinetics of β-integrin in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) hemocytes following infection with white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:539-545. [PMID: 23711468 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that an integrin β subunit of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) (FcβInt) involved in WSSV infection. In order to further elucidate the potential role of the FcβInt in the WSSV infection, expression response of FcβInt to WSSV infection in shrimp hemocytes was investigated after intra-muscular injection with the virus. Following time-course hemocytes sampling, the expression variation of FcβInt in hemocytes was examined by flow cytometric immunofluorescence assay (FCIFA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the monoclonal antibody (Mab) 2C5 against FcβInt, which was successfully produced with recombinant partial FcβInt and exhibited binding to a 120 kDa hemocyte protein. Meanwhile, the dynamic state of FcβInt mRNA level and WSSV copies in hemocytes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The result of FCIFA showed that FcβInt was mainly expressed on the semi-granular and granular cells, which was down-regulated at 6 h post infection (p.i.), and significantly increased to the peak level at 12 h p.i., then decreased to the control level by 24 h. However, FcβInt on the hyaline cells was lowly expressed and didn't show active response to the viral infection. The variation of FcβInt concentrations in total hemocytes determined by ELISA was roughly in accordance with the changing tendency of FcβInt expressed on the semi-granular and granular cells. FcβInt mRNA level in total hemocytes was significantly up-regulated to the peak level at 12 h p.i. Moreover, the number of WSSV copies in hemocytes began to exhibit a significant increase at 24 h p.i. The present study demonstrated that WSSV infection would induce a differential regulation of FcβInt expression in different type hemocytes, which provided valuable evidences for the close correlation between FcβInt and WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujie Zhong
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in protein cross-linking and cell adhesion to fibronectin (FN). In cancer, TG2 induces an epithelial to mesenchymal transition, contributing to metastasis. Because cadherins bind β-catenin at cell-cell junctions, disruption of adherens junctions destabilizes cadherin-catenin complexes. The goal of the present study was to analyze whether and how TG2 interacts with and regulates β-catenin signaling in ovarian cancer (OC) cells. We observed a significant correlation between TG2 and β-catenin expression levels in OC cells and tumors. TG2 augmented Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as evidenced by enhanced β-catenin transcriptional activity, inducing transcription of target genes cyclin D1 and c-Myc. By promoting integrin-mediated cell adhesion to FN, TG2 physically associates with and recruits c-Src, which in turn phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr(654), releasing it from E-cadherin and rendering it available for transcriptional regulation. By interacting with FN and enhancing β-catenin signaling, complexed TG2 stimulates OC cell proliferation. In summary, our data demonstrate that TG2 regulates β-catenin expression and function in OC cells and define the c-Src-dependent mechanism through which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Condello
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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11
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Holmes RS, Rout UK. Comparative studies of vertebrate Beta integrin genes and proteins: ancient genes in vertebrate evolution. Biomolecules 2011; 1:3-31. [PMID: 24970121 PMCID: PMC4030831 DOI: 10.3390/biom1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intregins are heterodimeric α- and β-subunit containing membrane receptor proteins which serve various cell adhesion roles in tissue repair, hemostasis, immune response, embryogenesis and metastasis. At least 18 α- (ITA or ITGA) and 8 β-integrin subunits (ITB or ITGB) are encoded on mammalian genomes. Comparative ITB amino acid sequences and protein structures and ITB gene locations were examined using data from several vertebrate genome projects. Vertebrate ITB genes usually contained 13-16 coding exons and encoded protein subunits with ~800 amino acids, whereas vertebrate ITB4 genes contained 36-39 coding exons and encoded larger proteins with ~1800 amino acids. The ITB sequences exhibited several conserved domains including signal peptide, extracellular β-integrin, β-tail domain and integrin β-cytoplasmic domains. Sequence alignments of the integrin β-cytoplasmic domains revealed highly conserved regions possibly for performing essential functions and its maintenance during vertebrate evolution. With the exception of the human ITB8 sequence, the other ITB sequences shared a predicted 19 residue α-helix for this region. Potential sites for regulating human ITB gene expression were identified which included CpG islands, transcription factor binding sites and microRNA binding sites within the 3'-UTR of human ITB genes. Phylogenetic analyses examined the relationships of vertebrate beta-integrin genes which were consistent with four major groups: 1: ITB1, ITB2, ITB7; 2: ITB3, ITB5, ITB6; 3: ITB4; and 4: ITB8 and a common evolutionary origin from an ancestral gene, prior to the appearance of fish during vertebrate evolution. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that ITB4 is the most likely primordial form of the vertebrate β integrin subunit encoding genes, that is the only β subunit expressed as a constituent of the sole integrin receptor 'α6β4' in the hemidesmosomes of unicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S Holmes
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111QLD, Australia.
| | - Ujjwal K Rout
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 38677, USA.
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Fitch MT, Doller C, Combs CK, Landreth GE, Silver J. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial scarring and progressive cavitation: in vivo and in vitro analysis of inflammation-induced secondary injury after CNS trauma. J Neurosci 1999; 19:8182-98. [PMID: 10493720 PMCID: PMC6783021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic cystic cavitation, in which the size and severity of a CNS injury progress from a small area of direct trauma to a greatly enlarged secondary injury surrounded by glial scar tissue, is a poorly understood complication of damage to the brain and spinal cord. Using minimally invasive techniques to avoid primary physical injury, this study demonstrates in vivo that inflammatory processes alone initiate a cascade of secondary tissue damage, progressive cavitation, and glial scarring in the CNS. An in vitro model allowed us to test the hypothesis that specific molecules that stimulate macrophage inflammatory activation are an important step in initiating secondary neuropathology. Time-lapse video analyses of inflammation-induced cavitation in our in vitro model revealed that this process occurs primarily via a previously undescribed cellular mechanism involving dramatic astrocyte morphological changes and rapid migration. The physical process of cavitation leads to astrocyte abandonment of neuronal processes, neurite stretching, and secondary injury. The macrophage mannose receptor and the complement receptor type 3 beta2-integrin are implicated in the cascade that induces cavity and scar formation. We also demonstrate that anti-inflammatory agents modulating transcription via the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma may be therapeutic in preventing progressive cavitation by limiting inflammation and subsequent secondary damage after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Fitch
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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