1
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Paramore SV, Goodwin K, Devenport D, Nelson CM. Mesenchymal Vangl facilitates airway elongation and widening independently of the planar cell polarity complex. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.03.547543. [PMID: 37461477 PMCID: PMC10349956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of mammalian lungs is the fractal nature of the bronchial tree. In the adult, each successive generation of airways is a fraction of the size of the parental branch. This fractal structure is physiologically beneficial, as it minimizes the energy needed for breathing. Achieving this pattern likely requires precise control of airway length and diameter, as the branches of the embryonic airways initially lack the fractal scaling observed in those of the adult lung. In epithelial monolayers and tubes, directional growth can be regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) complex. Here, we comprehensively characterized the roles of PCP-complex components in airway initiation, elongation, and widening during branching morphogenesis of the murine lung. Using tissue-specific knockout mice, we surprisingly found that branching morphogenesis proceeds independently of PCP-component expression in the developing airway epithelium. Instead, we found a novel, Celsr1-independent role for the PCP component Vangl in the pulmonary mesenchyme. Specifically, mesenchymal loss of Vangl1/2 leads to defects in branch initiation, elongation, and widening. At the cellular level, we observe changes in the shape of smooth muscle cells that indicate a potential defect in collective mesenchymal rearrangements, which we hypothesize are necessary for lung morphogenesis. Our data thus reveal an explicit function for Vangl that is independent of the core PCP complex, suggesting a functional diversification of PCP components in vertebrate development. These data also reveal an essential role for the embryonic mesenchyme in generating the fractal structure of airways of the mature lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering
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2
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Jones BM, Rubin BER, Dudchenko O, Kingwell CJ, Traniello IM, Wang ZY, Kapheim KM, Wyman ES, Adastra PA, Liu W, Parsons LR, Jackson SR, Goodwin K, Davidson SM, McBride MJ, Webb AE, Omufwoko KS, Van Dorp N, Otárola MF, Pham M, Omer AD, Weisz D, Schraiber J, Villanea F, Wcislo WT, Paxton RJ, Hunt BG, Aiden EL, Kocher SD. Convergent and complementary selection shaped gains and losses of eusociality in sweat bees. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:557-569. [PMID: 36941345 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Sweat bees have repeatedly gained and lost eusociality, a transition from individual to group reproduction. Here we generate chromosome-length genome assemblies for 17 species and identify genomic signatures of evolutionary trade-offs associated with transitions between social and solitary living. Both young genes and regulatory regions show enrichment for these molecular patterns. We also identify loci that show evidence of complementary signals of positive and relaxed selection linked specifically to the convergent gains and losses of eusociality in sweat bees. This includes two pleiotropic proteins that bind and transport juvenile hormone (JH)-a key regulator of insect development and reproduction. We find that one of these proteins is primarily expressed in subperineurial glial cells that form the insect blood-brain barrier and that brain levels of JH vary by sociality. Our findings are consistent with a role of JH in modulating social behaviour and suggest that eusocial evolution was facilitated by alteration of the proteins that bind and transport JH, revealing how an ancestral developmental hormone may have been co-opted during one of life's major transitions. More broadly, our results highlight how evolutionary trade-offs have structured the molecular basis of eusociality in these bees and demonstrate how both directional selection and release from constraint can shape trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl M Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin E R Rubin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Olga Dudchenko
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Callum J Kingwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Ian M Traniello
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Z Yan Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Karen M Kapheim
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Eli S Wyman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Per A Adastra
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weijie Liu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lance R Parsons
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S RaElle Jackson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew J McBride
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew E Webb
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Kennedy S Omufwoko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Nikki Van Dorp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mauricio Fernández Otárola
- Biodiversity and Tropical Ecology Research Center (CIBET) and School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Melanie Pham
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arina D Omer
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Weisz
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua Schraiber
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Villanea
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William T Wcislo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Robert J Paxton
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brendan G Hunt
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Erez Lieberman Aiden
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah D Kocher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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3
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Goodwin K, Nelson CM. Analysis of Cre lines for targeting embryonic airway smooth muscle. Dev Biol 2023; 496:63-72. [PMID: 36706974 PMCID: PMC10041960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During development of the embryonic mouse lung, the pulmonary mesenchyme differentiates into smooth muscle that wraps around the airway epithelium. Inhibiting smooth muscle differentiation leads to cystic airways, while enhancing it stunts epithelial branching. These findings support a conceptual model wherein the differentiation of smooth muscle sculpts the growing epithelium into branches at precise positions and with stereotyped morphologies. Unfortunately, most approaches to manipulate the differentiation of airway smooth muscle rely on pharmacological or physical perturbations that are conducted ex vivo. Here, we explored the use of diphtheria toxin-based genetic ablation strategies to eliminate airway smooth muscle in the embryonic mouse lung. Surprisingly, neither airway smooth muscle wrapping nor epithelial branching were affected in embryos in which the expression of diphtheria toxin or its receptor were driven by several different smooth muscle-specific Cre lines. Close examination of spatial patterns of Cre activity in the embryonic lung revealed that none of these commonly used Cre lines target embryonic airway smooth muscle robustly or specifically. Our findings demonstrate the need for airway smooth muscle-specific Cre lines that are active in the embryonic lung, and serve as a resource for researchers contemplating the use of these commonly used Cre lines for studying embryonic airway smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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4
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Goodwin K, Lemma B, Zhang P, Boukind A, Nelson CM. Plasticity in airway smooth muscle differentiation during mouse lung development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:338-347.e4. [PMID: 36868232 PMCID: PMC10149112 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that smooth muscle differentiation may physically sculpt airway epithelial branches in mammalian lungs. Serum response factor (SRF) acts with its co-factor myocardin to activate the expression of contractile smooth muscle markers. In the adult, however, smooth muscle exhibits a variety of phenotypes beyond contractile, and these are independent of SRF/myocardin-induced transcription. To determine whether a similar phenotypic plasticity is exhibited during development, we deleted Srf from the mouse embryonic pulmonary mesenchyme. Srf-mutant lungs branch normally, and the mesenchyme displays mechanical properties indistinguishable from controls. scRNA-seq identified an Srf-null smooth muscle cluster, wrapping the airways of mutant lungs, which lacks contractile smooth muscle markers but retains many features of control smooth muscle. Srf-null embryonic airway smooth muscle exhibits a synthetic phenotype, compared with the contractile phenotype of mature wild-type airway smooth muscle. Our findings identify plasticity in embryonic airway smooth muscle and demonstrate that a synthetic smooth muscle layer promotes airway branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bezia Lemma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Adam Boukind
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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5
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Cable J, Arlotta P, Parker KK, Hughes AJ, Goodwin K, Mummery CL, Kamm RD, Engle SJ, Tagle DA, Boj SF, Stanton AE, Morishita Y, Kemp ML, Norfleet DA, May EE, Lu A, Bashir R, Feinberg AW, Hull SM, Gonzalez AL, Blatchley MR, Montserrat Pulido N, Morizane R, McDevitt TC, Mishra D, Mulero-Russe A. Engineering multicellular living systems-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:183-195. [PMID: 36177947 PMCID: PMC9771928 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer complex multicellular systems has enormous potential to inform our understanding of biological processes and disease and alter the drug development process. Engineering living systems to emulate natural processes or to incorporate new functions relies on a detailed understanding of the biochemical, mechanical, and other cues between cells and between cells and their environment that result in the coordinated action of multicellular systems. On April 3-6, 2022, experts in the field met at the Keystone symposium "Engineering Multicellular Living Systems" to discuss recent advances in understanding how cells cooperate within a multicellular system, as well as recent efforts to engineer systems like organ-on-a-chip models, biological robots, and organoids. Given the similarities and common themes, this meeting was held in conjunction with the symposium "Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology and LUMC hiPSC Hotel, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra J Engle
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danilo A Tagle
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice E Stanton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dennis A Norfleet
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elebeoba E May
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Wisconsin Institute of Discovery and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aric Lu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Draper Laboratory, Biological Engineering Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Holonyak Micro & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah M Hull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anjelica L Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael R Blatchley
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- The Gladstone Institutes and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepak Mishra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Synthetic Biology Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriana Mulero-Russe
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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6
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Paramore SV, Goodwin K, Nelson CM. How to build an epithelial tree. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac9e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nature has evolved a variety of mechanisms to build epithelial trees of diverse architectures within different organs and across species. Epithelial trees are elaborated through branch initiation and extension, and their morphogenesis ends with branch termination. Each of these steps of the branching process can be driven by the actions of epithelial cells themselves (epithelial-intrinsic mechanisms) or by the cells of their surrounding tissues (epithelial-extrinsic mechanisms). Here, we describe examples of how these mechanisms drive each stage of branching morphogenesis, drawing primarily from studies of the lung, kidney, salivary gland, mammary gland, and pancreas, all of which contain epithelial trees that form through collective cell behaviors. Much of our understanding of epithelial branching comes from experiments using mice, but we also include examples here from avian and reptilian models. Throughout, we highlight how distinct mechanisms are employed in different organs and species to build epithelial trees. We also highlight how similar morphogenetic motifs are used to carry out conserved developmental programs or repurposed to support novel ones. Understanding the unique strategies used by nature to build branched epithelia from across the tree of life can help to inspire creative solutions to problems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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7
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Goodwin K, Jaslove JM, Tao H, Zhu M, Hopyan S, Nelson CM. Patterning the embryonic pulmonary mesenchyme. iScience 2022; 25:103838. [PMID: 35252804 PMCID: PMC8889149 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle guides the morphogenesis of several epithelia during organogenesis, including the mammalian airways. However, it remains unclear how airway smooth muscle differentiation is spatiotemporally patterned and whether it originates from transcriptionally distinct mesenchymal progenitors. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing of embryonic mouse lungs, we show that the pulmonary mesenchyme contains a continuum of cell identities, but no transcriptionally distinct progenitors. Transcriptional variability correlates with spatially distinct sub-epithelial and sub-mesothelial mesenchymal compartments that are regulated by Wnt signaling. Live-imaging and tension-sensors reveal compartment-specific migratory behaviors and cortical forces and show that sub-epithelial mesenchyme contributes to airway smooth muscle. Reconstructing differentiation trajectories reveals early activation of cytoskeletal and Wnt signaling genes. Consistently, Wnt activation induces the earliest stages of smooth muscle differentiation and local accumulation of mesenchymal F-actin, which influences epithelial morphology. Our single-cell approach uncovers the principles of pulmonary mesenchymal patterning and identifies a morphogenetically active mesenchymal layer that sculpts the airway epithelium. The embryonic lung mesenchyme is organized into spatially distinct compartments Migratory behaviors and cortical forces differ between compartments Diffusion analysis recapitulates airway smooth muscle differentiation The early stages of smooth muscle differentiation influence airway branching
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jacob M. Jaslove
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hirotaka Tao
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Min Zhu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Corresponding author
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8
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Wang L, Xing X, Zeng X, Jackson SR, TeSlaa T, Al-Dalahmah O, Samarah LZ, Goodwin K, Yang L, McReynolds MR, Li X, Wolff JJ, Rabinowitz JD, Davidson SM. Spatially resolved isotope tracing reveals tissue metabolic activity. Nat Methods 2022; 19:223-230. [PMID: 35132243 PMCID: PMC10926149 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Isotope tracing has helped to determine the metabolic activities of organs. Methods to probe metabolic heterogeneity within organs are less developed. We couple stable-isotope-labeled nutrient infusion to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (iso-imaging) to quantitate metabolic activity in mammalian tissues in a spatially resolved manner. In the kidney, we visualize gluconeogenic flux and glycolytic flux in the cortex and medulla, respectively. Tricarboxylic acid cycle substrate usage differs across kidney regions; glutamine and citrate are used preferentially in the cortex and fatty acids are used in the medulla. In the brain, we observe spatial gradations in carbon inputs to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamate under a ketogenic diet. In a carbohydrate-rich diet, glucose predominates throughout but in a ketogenic diet, 3-hydroxybutyrate contributes most strongly in the hippocampus and least in the midbrain. Brain nitrogen sources also vary spatially; branched-chain amino acids contribute most in the midbrain, whereas ammonia contributes in the thalamus. Thus, iso-imaging can reveal the spatial organization of metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xi Xing
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S RaElle Jackson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laith Z Samarah
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Princeton Cancer Institute, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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9
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Jaslove JM, Goodwin K, Sundarakrishnan A, Spurlin JW, Mao S, Košmrlj A, Nelson CM. Transmural pressure signals through retinoic acid to regulate lung branching. Development 2022; 149:274047. [PMID: 35051272 PMCID: PMC8917413 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During development, the mammalian lung undergoes several rounds of branching, the rate of which is tuned by the relative pressure of the fluid within the lumen of the lung. We carried out bioinformatics analysis of RNA-sequencing of embryonic mouse lungs cultured under physiologic or sub-physiologic transmural pressure and identified transcription factor-binding motifs near genes whose expression changes in response to pressure. Surprisingly, we found retinoic acid (RA) receptor binding sites significantly overrepresented in the promoters and enhancers of pressure-responsive genes. Consistently, increasing transmural pressure activates RA signaling, and pharmacologically inhibiting RA signaling decreases airway epithelial branching and smooth muscle wrapping. We found that pressure activates RA signaling through the mechanosensor Yap. A computational model predicts that mechanical signaling through Yap and RA affects lung branching by altering the balance between epithelial proliferation and smooth muscle wrapping, which we test experimentally. Our results reveal that transmural pressure signals through RA to balance the relative rates of epithelial growth and smooth muscle differentiation in the developing mouse lung and identify RA as a previously unreported component in the mechanotransduction machinery of embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Jaslove
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Aswin Sundarakrishnan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - James W. Spurlin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Princeton Institute for the Science & Technology of Materials, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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10
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Palmer MA, Nerger BA, Goodwin K, Sudhakar A, Lemke SB, Ravindran PT, Toettcher JE, Košmrlj A, Nelson CM. Stress ball morphogenesis: How the lizard builds its lung. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabk0161. [PMID: 34936466 PMCID: PMC8694616 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The function of the lung is closely coupled to its structural anatomy, which varies greatly across vertebrates. Although architecturally simple, a complex pattern of airflow is thought to be achieved in the lizard lung due to its cavernous central lumen and honeycomb-shaped wall. We find that the wall of the lizard lung is generated from an initially smooth epithelial sheet, which is pushed through holes in a hexagonal smooth muscle meshwork by forces from fluid pressure, similar to a stress ball. Combining transcriptomics with time-lapse imaging reveals that the hexagonal meshwork self-assembles in response to circumferential and axial stresses downstream of pressure. A computational model predicts the pressure-driven changes in epithelial topology, which we probe using optogenetically driven contraction of 3D-printed engineered muscle. These results reveal the physical principles used to sculpt the unusual architecture of the lizard lung, which could be exploited as a novel strategy to engineer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bryan A. Nerger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Anvitha Sudhakar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sandra B. Lemke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Jared E. Toettcher
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,USA
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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11
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Stanton AE, Goodwin K, Sundarakrishnan A, Jaslove JM, Gleghorn JP, Pavlovich AL, Nelson CM. Negative Transpulmonary Pressure Disrupts Airway Morphogenesis by Suppressing Fgf10. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:725785. [PMID: 34926440 PMCID: PMC8673560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.725785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are increasingly recognized as important determinants of cell and tissue phenotype and also appear to play a critical role in organ development. During the fetal stages of lung morphogenesis, the pressure of the fluid within the lumen of the airways is higher than that within the chest cavity, resulting in a positive transpulmonary pressure. Several congenital defects decrease or reverse transpulmonary pressure across the developing airways and are associated with a reduced number of branches and a correspondingly underdeveloped lung that is insufficient for gas exchange after birth. The small size of the early pseudoglandular stage lung and its relative inaccessibility in utero have precluded experimental investigation of the effects of transpulmonary pressure on early branching morphogenesis. Here, we present a simple culture model to explore the effects of negative transpulmonary pressure on development of the embryonic airways. We found that negative transpulmonary pressure decreases branching, and that it does so in part by altering the expression of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10). The morphogenesis of lungs maintained under negative transpulmonary pressure can be rescued by supplementing the culture medium with exogenous FGF10. These data suggest that Fgf10 expression is regulated by mechanical stress in the developing airways. Understanding the mechanical signaling pathways that connect transpulmonary pressure to FGF10 can lead to the establishment of novel non-surgical approaches for ameliorating congenital lung defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Stanton
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Aswin Sundarakrishnan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Jacob M Jaslove
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Amira L Pavlovich
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
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12
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Abstract
Mechanical forces are integral to development-from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to the construction and differentiation of complex organs. Advances in imaging and biophysical tools have allowed us to delve into the developmental mechanobiology of increasingly complex organs and organisms. Here, we focus on recent work that highlights the diversity and importance of mechanical influences during morphogenesis. Developing tissues experience intrinsic mechanical signals from active forces and changes to tissue mechanical properties as well as extrinsic mechanical signals, including constraint and compression, pressure, and shear forces. Finally, we suggest promising avenues for future work in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and related technologies to identify cell types and measure gene expression in space, in time, and within lineages have multiplied rapidly in recent years. As these techniques proliferate, we are seeing an increase in their application to the study of developing tissues. Here, we focus on single-cell investigations of branching morphogenesis. Branched organs are highly complex but typically develop recursively, such that a given developmental stage theoretically contains the entire spectrum of cell identities from progenitor to terminally differentiated. Therefore, branched organs are a highly attractive system for study by scRNA-seq. First, we provide an update on advances in the field of scRNA-seq analysis, focusing on spatial transcriptomics, computational reconstruction of differentiation trajectories, and integration of scRNA-seq with lineage tracing. In addition, we discuss the possibilities and limitations for applying these techniques to studying branched organs. We then discuss exciting advances made using scRNA-seq in the study of branching morphogenesis and differentiation in mammalian organs, with emphasis on the lung, kidney, and mammary gland. We propose ways that scRNA-seq could be used to address outstanding questions in each organ. Finally, we highlight the importance of physical and mechanical signals in branching morphogenesis and speculate about how scRNA-seq and related techniques could be applied to study tissue morphogenesis beyond just differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
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14
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Haage A, Wagner K, Deng W, Venkatesh B, Mitchell C, Goodwin K, Bogutz A, Lefebvre L, Van Raamsdonk CD, Tanentzapf G. Precise coordination of cell-ECM adhesion is essential for efficient melanoblast migration during development. Development 2020; 147:dev.184234. [PMID: 32580934 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoblasts disperse throughout the skin and populate hair follicles through long-range cell migration. During migration, cells undergo cycles of coordinated attachment and detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Embryonic migration processes that require cell-ECM attachment are dependent on the integrin family of adhesion receptors. Precise regulation of integrin-mediated adhesion is important for many developmental migration events. However, the mechanisms that regulate integrin-mediated adhesion in vivo in melanoblasts are not well understood. Here, we show that autoinhibitory regulation of the integrin-associated adapter protein talin coordinates cell-ECM adhesion during melanoblast migration in vivo Specifically, an autoinhibition-defective talin mutant strengthens and stabilizes integrin-based adhesions in melanocytes, which impinges on their ability to migrate. Mice with defective talin autoinhibition exhibit delays in melanoblast migration and pigmentation defects. Our results show that coordinated integrin-mediated cell-ECM attachment is essential for melanoblast migration and that talin autoinhibition is an important mechanism for fine-tuning cell-ECM adhesion during cell migration in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 N Columbia Rd, Grand Forks, ND 58202, ND, USA
| | - Kelsey Wagner
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bhavya Venkatesh
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Caitlin Mitchell
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Aaron Bogutz
- Department of Medical Genetics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Louis Lefebvre
- Department of Medical Genetics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Catherine D Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Medical Genetics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Over the past 5 years, several studies have begun to uncover the links between the classical signal transduction pathways and the physical mechanisms that are used to sculpt branched tissues. These advances have been made, in part, thanks to innovations in live imaging and reporter animals. With modern research tools, our conceptual models of branching morphogenesis are rapidly evolving, and the differences in branching mechanisms between each organ are becoming increasingly apparent. Here, we highlight four branched epithelia that develop at different spatial scales, within different surrounding tissues and via divergent physical mechanisms. Each of these organs has evolved to employ unique branching strategies to achieve a specialized final architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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16
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Schultz J, Trachtenberg B, Estep J, Goodwin K, Araujo R, Rafei A, Pritzker M, Kamdar F, John R, Cogswell R. Association of Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on LVAD Support and Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Multi-Center Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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17
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Schultz J, Trachtenberg B, Estep J, Goodwin K, Araujo R, Rafei AE, Alexy T, Shaffer A, John R, Cogswell R. Association between Angiotensin II Antagonism and Mortality after LVAD Implantation: A Multi-Center, Contemporary Analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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18
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El Rafei A, Trachetenberg B, John R, Estep J, Schultz J, Goodwin K, Araujo R, Thenappan T, Cogswell R. Association between Digoxin Use and Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Contemporary Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Haage A, Goodwin K, Whitewood A, Camp D, Bogutz A, Turner CT, Granville DJ, Lefebvre L, Plotnikov S, Goult BT, Tanentzapf G. Talin Autoinhibition Regulates Cell-ECM Adhesion Dynamics and Wound Healing In Vivo. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2401-2416.e5. [PMID: 30485809 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells in multicellular organisms are arranged in complex three-dimensional patterns. This requires both transient and stable adhesions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrin adhesion receptors bind ECM ligands outside the cell and then, by binding the protein talin inside the cell, assemble an adhesion complex connecting to the cytoskeleton. The activity of talin is controlled by several mechanisms, but these have not been well studied in vivo. By generating mice containing the activating point mutation E1770A in talin (Tln1), which disrupts autoinhibition, we show that talin autoinhibition controls cell-ECM adhesion, cell migration, and wound healing in vivo. In particular, blocking autoinhibition gives rise to more mature, stable focal adhesions that exhibit increased integrin activation. Mutant cells also show stronger attachment to ECM and decreased traction force. Overall, these results demonstrate that modulating talin function via autoinhibition is an important mechanism for regulating multiple aspects of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haage
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Austin Whitewood
- School of Biosciences, Giles Ln, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Darius Camp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aaron Bogutz
- Department of Medical Genetics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Louis Lefebvre
- Department of Medical Genetics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sergey Plotnikov
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, Giles Ln, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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20
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Goodwin K, Mao S, Guyomar T, Miller E, Radisky DC, Košmrlj A, Nelson CM. Smooth muscle differentiation shapes domain branches during mouse lung development. Development 2019; 146:dev.181172. [PMID: 31645357 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During branching morphogenesis, a simple cluster of cells proliferates and branches to generate an arborized network that facilitates fluid flow. The overall architecture of the mouse lung is established by domain branching, wherein new branches form laterally off the side of an existing branch. The airway epithelium develops concomitantly with a layer of smooth muscle that is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme. Here, we examined the role of smooth muscle differentiation in shaping emerging domain branches. We found that the position and morphology of domain branches are highly stereotyped, as is the pattern of smooth muscle that differentiates around the base of each branch. Perturbing the pattern of smooth muscle differentiation genetically or pharmacologically causes abnormal domain branching. Loss of smooth muscle results in ectopic branching and decreases branch stereotypy. Increased smooth muscle suppresses branch initiation and extension. Computational modeling revealed that epithelial proliferation is insufficient to generate domain branches and that smooth muscle wrapping is required to shape the epithelium into a branch. Our work sheds light on the physical mechanisms of branching morphogenesis in the mouse lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tristan Guyomar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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21
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Shaffer A, Goodwin K, Cogswell R, Shah H, Schultz J, Martin C, John R. Surgical Outcomes of HeartMate2 to HeartMate3 Pump Exchange: A Single Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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22
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Fei Z, Bae K, Parent SE, Wan H, Goodwin K, Theisen U, Tanentzapf G, Bruce AEE. A cargo model of yolk syncytial nuclear migration during zebrafish epiboly. Development 2019; 146:dev.169664. [PMID: 30509968 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In teleost fish, the multinucleate yolk syncytial layer functions as an extra-embryonic signaling center to pattern mesendoderm, coordinate morphogenesis and supply nutrients to the embryo. External yolk syncytial nuclei (e-YSN) undergo microtubule-dependent movements that distribute the nuclei over the large yolk mass. How e-YSN migration proceeds, and the role of the yolk microtubules, is not understood, but it is proposed that e-YSN are pulled vegetally as the microtubule network shortens from the vegetal pole. Live imaging revealed that nuclei migrate along microtubules, consistent with a cargo model in which e-YSN are moved down the microtubules by direct association with motor proteins. We found that blocking the plus-end directed microtubule motor kinesin significantly attenuated yolk nuclear movement. Blocking the outer nuclear membrane LINC complex protein Syne2a also slowed e-YSN movement. We propose that e-YSN movement is mediated by the LINC complex, which functions as the adaptor between yolk nuclei and motor proteins. Our work provides new insights into the role of microtubules in morphogenesis of an extra-embryonic tissue and further contributes to the understanding of nuclear migration mechanisms during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Fei
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Koeun Bae
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Serge E Parent
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Haoyu Wan
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver Campus, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ulrike Theisen
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver Campus, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ashley E E Bruce
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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23
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Litton E, Bass F, Delaney A, Hillis G, Marasco S, McGuinness S, Myles PS, Reid CM, Smith JA, Bagshaw SM, Keri-Anne Cowdrey HB, Frengley R, Ferrier J, Gilder E, Henderson S, Larobina M, Merthens J, Morgan M, Navarra L, Rudas M, Turner L, Reid K, Wise M, Young N, Young P, McGiffin D, Duncan J, Kaczmarek M, Seevanayagam S, Shaw M, Shardey G, Skillington P, Chorley T, Baker L, Zhang B, Bright C, Baker R, Canning N, Gilfillan, Kruger R, Fayers T, Kyte M, Doran C, Smith J, Baxter H, Seah P, Scaybrook S, James A, Goodwin K, Dignan R, Hewitt N, Gerrard K, Curtis L, Smith J, Baxter H, Tiruvoipati R, Broukal N, Wolfenden H, Muir, Worthington M, Wong C, Tatoulis J, Wynne R, Marshman D, Sze D, Wilson M, Turner L, Passage J, Kolybaba M, Fermanis G, Newbon P, Passage J, Kolybaba M, Newcomb A, Mack J, Duve K, Jansz P, Hunter T, Bissaker P, Dennis N, Burke N, Yadav S, Cooper K, Chard R, Halaka M, Tran L, Huq M, Billah B, Reid CM. Six-Month Outcomes After High-Risk Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Preoperative Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Use: An Inception Cohort Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:2067-2073. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Goodwin and Nelson discuss the recent discovery by Sirka et al. that remodeling activity of myoepithelial cells can control breast cancer cell invasion. Smooth muscle–like cells can actively remodel epithelia, a mechanism common across developing tissues. In this issue, new work from Sirka et al. (2018. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201802144) demonstrates a novel mechanism for tumor suppression by smooth muscle–like myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
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25
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Schultz J, Goodwin K, John R, Alexy T, Kamdar F, Martin C, Cogswell R. Association Between Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade and Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding on Left Ventricular Assist Device Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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26
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Nelson CM, Gleghorn JP, Pang MF, Jaslove JM, Goodwin K, Varner VD, Miller E, Radisky DC, Stone HA. Microfluidic chest cavities reveal that transmural pressure controls the rate of lung development. Development 2017; 144:4328-4335. [PMID: 29084801 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are increasingly recognized to regulate morphogenesis, but how this is accomplished in the context of the multiple tissue types present within a developing organ remains unclear. Here, we use bioengineered 'microfluidic chest cavities' to precisely control the mechanical environment of the fetal lung. We show that transmural pressure controls airway branching morphogenesis, the frequency of airway smooth muscle contraction, and the rate of developmental maturation of the lungs, as assessed by transcriptional analyses. Time-lapse imaging reveals that branching events are synchronized across distant locations within the lung, and are preceded by long-duration waves of airway smooth muscle contraction. Higher transmural pressure decreases the interval between systemic smooth muscle contractions and increases the rate of morphogenesis of the airway epithelium. These data reveal that the mechanical properties of the microenvironment instruct crosstalk between different tissues to control the development of the embryonic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA .,Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mei-Fong Pang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jacob M Jaslove
- Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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27
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Khadilkar RJ, Vogl W, Goodwin K, Tanentzapf G. Modulation of occluding junctions alters the hematopoietic niche to trigger immune activation. eLife 2017; 6:28081. [PMID: 28841136 PMCID: PMC5597334 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are regulated by signals from their microenvironment, or niche. During Drosophila hematopoiesis, a niche regulates prohemocytes to control hemocyte production. Immune challenges activate cell-signalling to initiate the cellular and innate immune response. Specifically, certain immune challenges stimulate the niche to produce signals that induce prohemocyte differentiation. However, the mechanisms that promote prohemocyte differentiation subsequent to immune challenges are poorly understood. Here we show that bacterial infection induces the cellular immune response by modulating occluding-junctions at the hematopoietic niche. Occluding-junctions form a permeability barrier that regulates the accessibility of prohemocytes to niche derived signals. The immune response triggered by infection causes barrier breakdown, altering the prohemocyte microenvironment to induce immune cell production. Moreover, genetically induced barrier ablation provides protection against infection by activating the immune response. Our results reveal a novel role for occluding-junctions in regulating niche-hematopoietic progenitor signalling and link this mechanism to immune cell production following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Khadilkar
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wayne Vogl
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Goodwin K, Ellis SJ, Lostchuck E, Zulueta-Coarasa T, Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Tanentzapf G. Basal Cell-Extracellular Matrix Adhesion Regulates Force Transmission during Tissue Morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2017; 39:611-625. [PMID: 27923121 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis requires force-generating mechanisms to organize cells into complex structures. Although many such mechanisms have been characterized, we know little about how forces are integrated across developing tissues. We provide evidence that integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion modulates the transmission of apically generated tension during dorsal closure (DC) in Drosophila. Integrin-containing adhesive structures resembling focal adhesions were identified on the basal surface of the amnioserosa (AS), an extraembryonic epithelium essential for DC. Genetic modulation of integrin-mediated adhesion results in defective DC. Quantitative image analysis and laser ablation experiments reveal that basal cell-ECM adhesions provide resistance to apical cell displacements and force transmission between neighboring cells in the AS. Finally, we provide evidence for integrin-dependent force transmission to the AS substrate. Overall, we find that integrins regulate force transmission within and between cells, thereby playing an essential role in transmitting tension in developing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephanie J Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emily Lostchuck
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Teresa Zulueta-Coarasa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5S 1X8, Canada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Goodwin K, Lostchuck EE, Cramb KML, Zulueta-Coarasa T, Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Tanentzapf G. Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions cooperate to organize actomyosin networks and maintain force transmission during dorsal closure. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1301-1310. [PMID: 28331071 PMCID: PMC5426845 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell–cell adhesion are interdependent during dorsal closure in the fly. Cell–ECM adhesion is required for normal myosin dynamics and organization of both cell–cell adhesions and actin networks during dorsal closure. Loss of cell–cell adhesion affects cell–ECM adhesion and tissue biomechanics. Tissue morphogenesis relies on the coordinated action of actin networks, cell–cell adhesions, and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesions. Such coordination can be achieved through cross-talk between cell–cell and cell–ECM adhesions. Drosophila dorsal closure (DC), a morphogenetic process in which an extraembryonic tissue called the amnioserosa contracts and ingresses to close a discontinuity in the dorsal epidermis of the embryo, requires both cell–cell and cell–ECM adhesions. However, whether the functions of these two types of adhesions are coordinated during DC is not known. Here we analyzed possible interdependence between cell–cell and cell–ECM adhesions during DC and its effect on the actomyosin network. We find that loss of cell–ECM adhesion results in aberrant distributions of cadherin-mediated adhesions and actin networks in the amnioserosa and subsequent disruption of myosin recruitment and dynamics. Moreover, loss of cell–cell adhesion caused up-regulation of cell–ECM adhesion, leading to reduced cell deformation and force transmission across amnioserosa cells. Our results show how interdependence between cell–cell and cell–ECM adhesions is important in regulating cell behaviors, force generation, and force transmission critical for tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emily E Lostchuck
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn M L Cramb
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Teresa Zulueta-Coarasa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5S 1X8, Canada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Goodwin K, Nelson CM. Generating tissue topology through remodeling of cell-cell adhesions. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:45-51. [PMID: 28322823 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis, cellular rearrangements give rise to a large variety of three-dimensional structures. Final tissue architecture varies greatly across organs, and many develop to include combinations of folds, tubes, and branched networks. To achieve these different tissue geometries, constituent cells must follow different programs that dictate changes in shape and/or migratory behavior. One essential component of these changes is the remodeling of cell-cell adhesions. Invasive migratory behavior and separation between tissues require localized breakdown of cadherin-mediated adhesions. Conversely, tissue folding and fusion require the formation and reinforcement of cell-cell adhesions. Cell-cell adhesion plays a critical role in tissue morphogenesis; its manipulation may therefore prove to be invaluable in generating complex topologies ex vivo. Recapitulating these shapes in engineered tissues would enable a better understanding of how these processes occur in vivo, and may lead to improved design of organs for clinical applications. In this review, we discuss work investigating the formation of folds, tubes, and branched networks with an emphasis on known or possible roles for cell-cell adhesion. We then examine recently developed tools that could be adapted to manipulate cell-cell adhesion in engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
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Fairchild MJ, Yang L, Goodwin K, Tanentzapf G. Occluding Junctions Maintain Stem Cell Niche Homeostasis in the Fly Testes. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2492-2499. [PMID: 27546574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can be controlled by their local microenvironment, known as the stem cell niche. The Drosophila testes contain a morphologically distinct niche called the hub, composed of a cluster of between 8 and 20 cells known as hub cells, which contact and regulate germline stem cells (GSCs) and somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs). Both hub cells and CySCs originate from somatic gonadal precursor cells during embryogenesis, but whereas hub cells, once specified, cease all mitotic activity, CySCs remain mitotic into adulthood [1, 2]. Cyst cells, derived from the CySCs, first encapsulate the germline and then, using occluding junctions, form an isolating permeability barrier [3]. This barrier promotes germline differentiation by excluding niche-derived stem cell maintenance factors. Here, we show that the somatic permeability barrier is also required to regulate stem cell niche homeostasis. Loss of occluding junction components in the somatic cells results in hub overgrowth. Enlarged hubs are active and recruit more GSCs and CySCs to the niche. Surprisingly, hub growth results from depletion of occluding junction components in cyst cells, not from depletion in the hub cells themselves. Moreover, hub growth is caused by incorporation of cells that previously expressed markers for cyst cells and not by hub cell proliferation. Importantly, depletion of occluding junctions disrupts Notch and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and hub overgrowth defects are partially rescued by modulation of either signaling pathway. Overall, these data show that occluding junctions shape the signaling environment between the soma and the germline in order to maintain niche homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fairchild
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Goodwin K, Fleming N, Dumont T. Tubo-ovarian abscess in virginal adolescent females: a case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2013; 26:e99-102. [PMID: 23566794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a serious complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), predominantly polymicrobial and present in sexually active women. TOA in virginal adolescent females are extremely rare but have serious and lifelong consequences. CASE A 13 y.o. virginal female presented to the Emergency Room of a tertiary care pediatric hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. Imaging suggested bowel compromise with potential perforation. An exploratory laparotomy revealed TOA which grew Escherichia Coli. This is the first reported case of Escherichia Coli TOA due to suspected bowel translocation. CONCLUSION Review of the literature identified 8 cases of TOA in virginal adolescents. Given the severity of outcomes following TOA, this pathology should be considered in the differential diagnosis of virginal adolescents who present with fever and abdominal pain. If suspected, a prompt gynecology consult should be initiated, followed by a first line antibiotic therapy and when indicated, surgical drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Goodwin
- Division of Pediatric Gynecology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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Rosenzweig H, Martin T, Jann M, Goodwin K, Planck S, Davey M, Rosenbaum J. 129 NOD2 Mediates MDP-induced Inflammation Independent. Cytokine 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the 'two-week wait' rule on the presentation of colorectal cancer. METHODS A retrospective study of all patients referred to a fast-track clinic in a colorectal cancer centre over an 18-month period, documenting outcome, especially colorectal cancer diagnosis. Comparison was made with patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer presenting via other routes in the same time period. RESULTS Over an 18-month period, 462 patients were seen in the fast-track clinic and 64 (13.8%) were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. A further 131 patients with colorectal cancer presented to the department in the same time period through other means; 66 via standard out-patient letters, 26 from other departments and 39 (20%) as emergency admissions. Median (range) time to first clinic was 12 (2-28) days for fast-track and 24 (1-118) days for standard referrals (P < 0.0001); median time to first treatment was a further 36 (9-134) and 36.5 (1-226) days, respectively. The fast-track cohort had more advanced staging than those referred by standard letter. There were 19 Dukes' B, 22 Dukes' C and 14 Dukes' D cancers in the fast-track group compared with 28 Dukes' B, 25 Dukes' C and 6 Dukes' D in the standard referral group. After patient interview, only 337 (73%) of 462 fast-track patients appeared to fulfil the referral criteria but of the 64 diagnosed with cancer, 59 (92%) satisfied the criteria. Of the 66 patients with cancer referred by standard letter, 61 (92%) fulfilled the criteria. CONCLUSION Patients referred to the fast-track clinic were seen quicker than those referred by standard letter, but they tended to have more advanced disease. The fast-track referral criteria were fulfilled by most patients with cancer (whether or not they were referred to the fast track clinic), confirming their validity. After detailed interview in the clinic, a quarter of fast-track referrals were found not to satisfy referral criteria, suggesting that prioritization in primary care could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P K Chohan
- Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Ghidini A, Spong CY, Goodwin K, Pezzullo JC. Optimal thresholds of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and lamellar body count for the prediction of the presence of phosphatidyl glycerol in diabetic women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002; 12:95-8. [PMID: 12420838 DOI: 10.1080/jmf.12.2.95.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the optimal thresholds of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and lamellar body count for the prediction of the presence of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) in diabetic pregnant women. METHODS We accessed a database of clear amniotic fluid specimens obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis in diabetic women with singleton non-malformed fetuses. PG results were classified as 'absent' or 'present'. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was constructed of different L/S ratios and lamellar body counts to identify the optimal threshold for prediction of the presence of PG. Sensitivity was defined as the rate of L/S ratio and lamellar body count above specific thresholds among cases with present PG. The false-positive rate was that of L/S ratios or lamellar body counts above specific thresholds among cases with absent PG. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS A total of 76 consecutive women were included in the analysis, 74% (n = 56) using insulin and the remainder treated by diet alone. L/S and PG results were both available in 72 women. PG was reported as 'present' in 70% (51/73) of specimens. As expected, there was a significant relationship between L/S ratios and presence of PG (area under the curve = 0.932, p < 0.001). An L/S ratio of > or = 3.0 represented the optimal trade-off between sensitivity (68%) and false-positive rate (6%) in the prediction of present PG. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between lamellar body count values and presence of PG (area under the curve = 0.976, p < 0.001). A lamellar body count of > or = 50 000 represented the optimal trade-off between sensitivity (92%) and false-positive rate (0%) in the prediction of present PG. CONCLUSION In diabetic pregnant patients, the presence of PG in the amniotic fluid more closely corresponded to an L/S ratio of > or = 3.0 or to a lamellar body count of > or = 50,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghidini
- Perinatal Diagnostic Center, Inova Alexandria Hospital, Virginia 22304, USA
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Goodwin K. States grapple with nurse shortages. NCSL Legisbrief 2001; 9:1-2. [PMID: 11681326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that bipolar disorder may be underdiagnosed, and that antidepressants may be over-utilized in its treatment. METHODS Consecutively admitted patients (n =48) diagnosed with DSM-IV bipolar disorder, type I, (n = 44) or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type, (n = 4) were interviewed systematically and their charts were reviewed to confirm diagnosis before admission. They were then treated according to systematic structured interview diagnoses. These data reflect the changes in diagnoses and treatment. RESULTS 40% (19/48) were identified with previously undiagnosed bipolar disorder, all previously diagnosed with unipolar major depressive disorder. A period of 7.5+/-9.8 years elapsed in this group before bipolar diagnosis was made. Antidepressant use was high on admission (38%) and was reduced with acceptable treatment response rates. The adjunctive use of risperidone appeared to be a good treatment alternative. LIMITATIONS While diagnoses were made prospectively, treatment response was assessed retrospectively, and was based on non-randomized, naturalistic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Systematic application of DSM-IV criteria identified previously undiagnosed bipolar disorder in 40% of a referred population of patients with mood disorders, all previously misdiagnosed as unipolar major depressive disorder. Antidepressants appeared overutilized and risperidone was an effective alternative adjunctive therapy agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Ghaemi
- Psychopharmacology Research Center, Bipolar Disorder Research Program, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Lockwood F, Goodwin K. Exercise. Gain without pain. Health Serv J 1994; 104:29. [PMID: 10136339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Goodwin K, Brennan D. Advice for business travel: the wider picture. Occup Health (Lond) 1994; 46:200-3. [PMID: 8028853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Goodwin K. An insight into patient satisfaction. Evaluation of a stoma care service. Prof Nurse 1992; 8:153, 155-6. [PMID: 1484822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stoma care nursing aims to put patient needs first. A questionnaire was devised by a stoma care nurse to assess her patients' satisfaction with the service provided, enabling changes to be made according to users' specified needs.
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Abstract
Traditional teaching suggests that a transverse colostomy should be sited in the right upper quadrant. This study of 67 colostomies (26 right upper quadrant and 41 right iliac fossa) indicates that they should be placed in the optimum position for each patient, which is usually the right iliac fossa.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Majno
- Department of General Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
We describe a patient who had consumed large quantities of a proprietary cough mixture containing diphenhydramine, ammonium chloride and sodium citrate (Benylin expectorant) daily for several months and subsequently presented with confusion, marked metabolic acidosis and non-ketotic hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S MacRury
- Medical Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
The uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was studied using isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes) prepared from the corpus striatum of the guinea pig. Analysis of temperature-dependent uptake revealed that two processes were involved, a sodium-dependent and sodium-independent mechanism. Kinetic studies indicated that the affinity of 5-HT (Ku) and the transport capacity (Vu) of the uptake process were dependent upon the external concentration of sodium. The transport capacity increased linearly with increasing concentrations of sodium up to 140 mmol/l, whereas the affinity for 5-HT was enhanced at concentrations of sodium up to 100 mmol/l, but reduced at 130 mmol/l sodium. The findings of this study suggest that uptake of 5-HT occurs as a result of a mobile carrier transport system which, depending upon the external concentration of sodium proceeds by a single or double displacement mechanism.
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Dickerson GE, Kashyap TS, Bennett GL, Goodwin K, Emsley JA. Use of repeated matings to estimate environmental and genetic trends and effects of relaxing selection in a selected strain of Leghorn chickens. Poult Sci 1983; 62:212-26. [PMID: 6835898 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0620212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Response from index selection for egg production traits in a Leghorn strain over 7 years was partitioned into estimates of total (delta T), temporary (delta R), and net genetic (delta G) response, by producing progeny from selected (A) and unselected (D) first year breeders and from second year breeders (B) and first year full-sisters of previous years A breeders (C). In A, B, C, and D populations, average yearly number of full-sib families was 121, 47, 37, and about 50 and of birds with complete records was 824, 287, 258, and 298. Restricting A to repeated B families added positive bias in delta G for viability, age at first egg, and rate of lay. Estimates of delta G and delta R from B and C populations were similar. Yearly environmental change (delta E) was over three times the phenotypic change (delta P) for egg numbers, emphasizing necessity for intra-year estimates of delta G and delta R. Temporary response (delta R) approached or exceeded total response (delta T) for mortality and accounted for 40% of delta T for rate of lay and 60% for economic index, suggesting adverse maternal environmental effects from relaxing selection (D). Net yearly genetic change (delta G) was 1.5% for rate of lay, $.18 per bird, and in desired direction for most traits. Estimated net yearly response for rate of lay exceeded that predicted from .64 sigma male and .92 sigma female index selection differentials and sire-component genetic parameters (.6%) but agreed ($.16) for economic index. Efficiency and bias for the repeat-mating design are handicapped by mortality and health-related maternal effects.
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Post RM, Goodwin K. Clinical evidence for neurochemical adaptation to psychotrophic drugs [proceedings]. Psychopharmacol Bull 1977; 13:47-9. [PMID: 834821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zander DV, Raymond RG, McClary CF, Goodwin K. Eradication of Subgroups A and B Lymphoid Leukosis Virus from Commercial Poultry Breeding Flocks. Avian Dis 1975. [DOI: 10.2307/1589066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zander DV, Raymond RG, McClary CF, Goodwin K. Eradication of subgroups A and B lymphoid leukosis virus from commercial poultry breeding flocks. Avian Dis 1975; 19:403-23. [PMID: 169799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A specific-pathogen-free pedigreed breeding population of White Leghorns was determined to be free of lymphoid leukosis subgroups (LL-A and LL-B) on the basis of the standard resistance-inducing factor (RIF) test of sera of individual birds. The fourth pedigreed generation (G-4) was the first to test free of viruses of both sub-groups. In three subsequent pedigreed generations (G-5 through G-7) no viremic birds were found. The RIF test of sera was also used to detect carriers infected with LL-A and LL-B in sample populations of commercial broiler, brown-egg layer, and other White Leghorn breeding lines. When only known nonviremic dams were used for reproduction, in only one instance were viremic birds detected in samples of their progeny in succeeding generations. Some implications for a virus-free breeding program are discussed.
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Abstract
Sensitivity of smooth and mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the same patient to their own pyocins was found to be greater at 20 than at 35 C.
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50
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