1
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Ma J, Majmudar A, Tian B. Bridging the Gap-Thermofluidic Designs for Precision Bioelectronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302431. [PMID: 37975642 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, the merging of biology and electronics, can monitor and modulate biological behaviors across length and time scales with unprecedented capability. Current bioelectronics research largely focuses on devices' mechanical properties and electronic designs. However, the thermofluidic control is often overlooked, which is noteworthy given the discipline's importance in almost all bioelectronics processes. It is believed that integrating thermofluidic designs into bioelectronics is essential to align device precision with the complexity of biofluids and biological structures. This perspective serves as a mini roadmap for researchers in both fields to introduce key principles, applications, and challenges in both bioelectronics and thermofluids domains. Important interdisciplinary opportunities for the development of future healthcare devices and precise bioelectronics will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aman Majmudar
- The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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2
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Abstract
Bacteriophage immobilization is a key unit operation in emerging biotechnologies, enabling new possibilities for biodetection of pathogenic microbes at low concentration, production of materials with novel antimicrobial properties, and fundamental research on bacteriophages themselves. Wild type bacteriophages exhibit extreme binding specificity for a single species, and often for a particular subspecies, of bacteria. Since their specificity originates in epitope recognition by capsid proteins, which can be altered by chemical or genetic modification, their binding specificity may also be redirected toward arbitrary substrates and/or a variety of analytes in addition to bacteria. The immobilization of bacteriophages on planar and particulate substrates is thus an area of active and increasing scientific interest. This review assembles the knowledge gained so far in the immobilization of whole phage particles, summarizing the main chemistries, and presenting the current state-of-the-art both for an audience well-versed in bioconjugation methods as well as for those who are new to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry O'Connell
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F38054 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Yoann Roupioz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
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3
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Kim S, Lee JW, Hwang W. One-Step Eco-Friendly Superhydrophobic Coating Method Using Polydimethylsiloxane and Ammonium Bicarbonate. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:28869-28875. [PMID: 32463651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces offer numerous advantages and have become popular in a wide range of fields. Although many approaches for the modification of surface wettability have been developed, the practical application of superhydrophobic surfaces has been limited by the need for toxic materials and specialized equipment. Herein, a one-step coating method is developed for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface to eliminate these limitations. This environmentally friendly coating process uses only two reagents, namely, polydimethylsiloxane and ammonium bicarbonate, to minimize the inconvenience and costs associated with the disposal of used toxic materials. The superhydrophobic surface exhibits excellent durability, and the method is applicable to a variety of target surface shapes, including three-dimensional and complex structures. Besides, a wettability patterned surface and a functional filter for oil/water separation can be fabricated using this method. The numerous advantages of this approach demonstrate great practical application potential of these superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonbong Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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4
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Irwin NJ, Bryant MG, McCoy CP, Trotter JL, Turner J. Multifunctional, Low Friction, Antimicrobial Approach for Biomaterial Surface Enhancement. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:1385-1393. [PMID: 35021631 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) biomaterials perform a host of life-saving and life-enhancing roles when employed as medical devices within the body. High frictional forces between the device surface and interfacing tissue can, however, lead to a host of complications including tissue damage, inflammation, pain, and infection. We herein describe a versatile surface modification method using multifunctional hydrogel formulations to increase lubricity and prevent common device-related complications. In a clinically relevant model of the urinary tract, simulating the mechanical and biological environments encountered in vivo, coated candidate catheter surfaces demonstrated significantly lower frictional resistance than uncoated PVC, with reductions in coefficient of friction values of more than 300-fold due to hydration of the surface-localized polymer network. Furthermore, this significant lubrication capacity was retained following hydration periods of up to 28 days in artificial urine at pH 6 and pH 9, representing the pH of physiologically normal and infected urine, respectively, and during 200 repeated cycles of applied frictional force. Importantly, the modified surfaces also displayed excellent antibacterial activity, which could be facilely tuned to achieve reductions of 99.8% in adherence of common hospital-acquired pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis, relative to their uncoated counterparts through incorporation of chlorhexidine in the coating matrix as a model antiseptic. The remarkable, and pH-independent, tribological performance of these lubricious, antibacterial, and highly durable surfaces offers exciting promise for use of this PVC functionalization approach in facilitating smooth and atraumatic insertion and removal of a wide range of medical implants, ultimately maintaining user health and dignity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Irwin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Michael G Bryant
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Johann L Trotter
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Jonathan Turner
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K
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5
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Lorusso E, Ali W, Hildebrandt M, Mayer-Gall T, Gutmann JS. Hydrogel Functionalized Polyester Fabrics by UV-Induced Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1329. [PMID: 31405134 PMCID: PMC6723342 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We address a strategy to graft hydrogels onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics using different acrylate-based monomers. The hydrogel-modified fabrics were prepared by a two-step modification. To this end, double functional groups were firstly introduced onto the PET surface via an aminolysis reaction involving allylamine. The final grafted polymer networks were then obtained after UV-induced radical photopolymerization by varying acrylate monomer types in the presence of a cross-linker. After characterization, the resulting hydrogels showed different morphologies and abrasion resistance performances depending on their chemical nature. UV-photopolymerization is a fast and low-cost method to achieve technical fabrics with specific desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Lorusso
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West ÖP GmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany.
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Wael Ali
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Marcus Hildebrandt
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayer-Gall
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West ÖP GmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
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6
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Garah ME, Borré E, Ciesielski A, Dianat A, Gutierrez R, Cuniberti G, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Mauro M, Samorì P. Light-Induced Contraction/Expansion of 1D Photoswitchable Metallopolymer Monitored at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Small 2017; 13:1701790. [PMID: 28841774 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of a bottom-up approach to the fabrication of nanopatterned functional surfaces, which are capable to respond to external stimuli, is of great current interest. Herein, the preparation of light-responsive, linear supramolecular metallopolymers constituted by the ideally infinite repetition of a ditopic ligand bearing an azoaryl moiety and Co(II) coordination nodes is described. The supramolecular polymerization process is followed by optical spectroscopy in dimethylformamide solution. Noteworthy, a submolecularly resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the in situ reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization of a photoswitchable metallopolymer that self-assembles into 2D crystalline patterns onto a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface is achieved for the first time. The STM analysis of the nanopatterned surfaces is corroborated by modeling the physisorbed species onto a graphene slab before and after irradiation by means of density functional theory calculation. Significantly, switching of the monolayers consisting of supramolecular Co(II) metallopolymer bearing trans-azoaryl units to a novel pattern based on cis isomers can be triggered by UV light and reversed back to the trans conformer by using visible light, thereby restoring the trans-based supramolecular 2D packing. These findings represent a step forward toward the design and preparation of photoresponsive "smart" surfaces organized with an atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Borré
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Département des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Département des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Müller FA, Kunz C, Gräf S. Bio-Inspired Functional Surfaces Based on Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:E476. [PMID: 28773596 PMCID: PMC5456748 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nature developed numerous solutions to solve various technical problems related to material surfaces by combining the physico-chemical properties of a material with periodically aligned micro/nanostructures in a sophisticated manner. The utilization of ultra-short pulsed lasers allows mimicking numerous of these features by generating laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). In this review paper, we describe the physical background of LIPSS generation as well as the physical principles of surface related phenomena like wettability, reflectivity, and friction. Then we introduce several biological examples including e.g., lotus leafs, springtails, dessert beetles, moth eyes, butterfly wings, weevils, sharks, pangolins, and snakes to illustrate how nature solves technical problems, and we give a comprehensive overview of recent achievements related to the utilization of LIPSS to generate superhydrophobic, anti-reflective, colored, and drag resistant surfaces. Finally, we conclude with some future developments and perspectives related to forthcoming applications of LIPSS-based surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Müller
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Löbdergraben 32, Jena 07743, Germany.
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Löbdergraben 32, Jena 07743, Germany.
| | - Stephan Gräf
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Löbdergraben 32, Jena 07743, Germany.
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8
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Moyano DF, Liu Y, Peer D, Rotello VM. Modulation of Immune Response Using Engineered Nanoparticle Surfaces. Small 2016; 12:76-82. [PMID: 26618755 PMCID: PMC4749139 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) coated with a monolayer of ligands can be recognized by different components of the immune system, opening new doors for the modulation of immunological responses. By the use of different physical or chemical properties at the NP surface (such as charge, functional groups, and ligand density), NPs can be designed to have distinct cellular uptake, cytokine secretion, and immunogenicity, factors that influence the distribution and clearance of these particles. Understanding these immunological responses is critical for the development of new NP-based carriers for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, and as such several studies have been performed to understand the relationships between immune responses and NP surface functionality. In this review, we will discuss recent reports of these structure-activity relationships, and explore how these motifs can be controlled to elicit therapeutically useful immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Moyano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Tel: (+1) 413-545-2058
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Tel: (+1) 413-545-2058
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv , 69978, Israel. Tel (+972) 3640-7925
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. Tel: (+1) 413-545-2058
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9
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Dübner M, Gevrek TN, Sanyal A, Spencer ND, Padeste C. Fabrication of Thiol-Ene "Clickable" Copolymer-Brush Nanostructures on Polymeric Substrates via Extreme Ultraviolet Interference Lithography. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:11337-11345. [PMID: 25978723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach to grafting thiol-reactive nanopatterned copolymer-brush structures on polymeric substrates by means of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) interference lithography. The copolymer brushes were designed to contain maleimide functional groups as thiol-reactive centers. Fluoropolymer films were exposed to EUV radiation at the X-ray interference lithography beamline (XIL-II) at the Swiss Light Source, in order to create radical patterns on their surfaces. The radicals served as initiators for the copolymerization of thiol-ene "clickable" brushes, composed of a furan-protected maleimide monomer (FuMaMA) and different methacrylates, namely, methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (EGMA), or poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA). Copolymerization with ethylene-glycol-containing monomers provides antibiofouling properties to these surfaces. The number of reactive centers on the grafted brush structures can be tailored by varying the monomer ratios in the feed. Grafted copolymers were characterized by using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The reactive maleimide methacrylate (MaMA) units were utilized to conjugate thiol-containing moieties using the nucleophilic Michael-addition reaction, which proceeds at room temperature without the need for any metal-based catalyst. Using this approach, a variety of functionalities was introduced to yield polyelectrolytes, as well as fluorescent and light-responsive polymer-brush structures. Functionalization of the brush structures was demonstrated via ATR-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy, and was also indicated by a color switch. Furthermore, grafted surfaces were generated via plasma activation, showing a strongly increased wettability for polyelectrolytes and a reversible switch in static water contact angle (CA) of up to 18° for P(EGMA-co-MaMA-SP) brushes, upon exposure to alternating visible and UV-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dübner
- †Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ‡Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tugce N Gevrek
- §Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- §Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- ‡Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Celestino Padeste
- †Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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10
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Abstract
Surface engineering over multiple length scales is critical for electronics, photonics, and enabling multifunctionality in synthetic materials. Here, we demonstrate a sequential embossing technique for building multi-tier patterns in metals by controlling the size-dependent thermoplastic forming of metallic glasses. Sub-100 nm to millimeter sized features are sculpted sequentially to allow an exquisite control of surface properties. The process can be integrated with net-shaping to transfer functional patterns on three-dimensional metal parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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11
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Iqbal P, Rawson F, Ho WKW, Lee SF, Leung KCF, Wang X, Beri A, Preece JA, Ma J, Mendes PM. Surface molecular tailoring using pH-switchable supramolecular dendron-ligand assemblies. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:6264-74. [PMID: 24742280 PMCID: PMC4072702 DOI: 10.1021/am501613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of materials with tailored properties is of paramount importance for a wide variety of biological, medical, electronic and optical applications. Here we report molecular level control over the spatial distribution of functional groups on surfaces utilizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of pH-switchable surface-appended pseudorotaxanes. The supramolecular systems were constructed from a poly(aryl ether) dendron-containing a dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) macrocycle and a thiol ligand-containing a dibenzylammonium recognition site and a fluorine end group. The dendron establishes the space (dendritic effect) that each pseudorotaxane occupies on the SAM. Following SAM formation, the dendron is released from the surface by switching off the noncovalent interactions upon pH stimulation, generating surface materials with tailored physical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Iqbal
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Frankie
J. Rawson
- Laboratory
of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Watson K.-W. Ho
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Siu-Fung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute of Creativity and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, University Grants Committee, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xingyong Wang
- School
of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Akash Beri
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jon A. Preece
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Ma
- School
of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Paula M. Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- E-mail: . Tel: +(121) 414-5343
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12
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Mayser MJ, Bohn HF, Reker M, Barthlott W. Measuring air layer volumes retained by submerged floating-ferns Salvinia and biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:812-821. [PMID: 24991518 PMCID: PMC4077374 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Some plants and animals feature superhydrophobic surfaces capable of retaining a layer of air when submerged under water. Long-term air retaining surfaces (Salvinia-effect) are of high interest for biomimetic applications like drag reduction in ship coatings of up to 30%. Here we present a novel method for measuring air volumes and air loss under water. We recorded the buoyancy force of the air layer on leaf surfaces of four different Salvinia species and on one biomimetic surface using a highly sensitive custom made strain gauge force transducer setup. The volume of air held by a surface was quantified by comparing the buoyancy force of the specimen with and then without an air layer. Air volumes retained by the Salvinia-surfaces ranged between 0.15 and 1 L/m(2) depending on differences in surface architecture. We verified the precision of the method by comparing the measured air volumes with theoretical volume calculations and could find a good agreement between both values. In this context we present techniques to calculate air volumes on surfaces with complex microstructures. The introduced method also allows to measure decrease or increase of air layers with high accuracy in real-time to understand dynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Mayser
- Microfluidics Lab, GRASP, University of Liege, Chemin des Chevreuils 1, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger F Bohn
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Meike Reker
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Buck ME, Lynn DM. Functionalization of fibers using azlactone-containing polymers: layer-by-layer fabrication of reactive thin films on the surfaces of hair and cellulose-based materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010; 2:1421-9. [PMID: 20402471 PMCID: PMC2877158 DOI: 10.1021/am1000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach to the functionalization of fibers and fiber-based materials that is based on the deposition of reactive azlactone-functionalized polymers and the "reactive" layer-by-layer assembly of azlactone-containing thin films. We demonstrate (i) that the azlactone-functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) can be used to modify the surfaces of a model protein-based fiber (horsehair) and cellulose-based materials (e.g., cotton and paper), and (ii) that fibers functionalized in this manner can be used to support the fabrication of covalently cross-linked and reactive polymer multilayers assembled using PVDMA and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). The growth, chemical reactivity, and uniformity of films deposited on these substrates were characterized using fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition to the direct functionalization of fibers, we demonstrate that the residual azlactone functionality in PVDMA-treated or film-coated fibers can be exploited to chemically modify the surface chemistry and physicochemical properties of fiber-based materials postfabrication using amine functionalized molecules. For example, we demonstrate that this approach permits control over the surface properties of paper (e.g., absorption of water) by simple postfabrication treatment of film-coated paper with the hydrophobic amine n-decylamine. The azlactone functionality present in these materials provides a platform for the modification of polymer-treated and film-coated fibers with a broad range of other chemical and biological species (e.g., enzymes, peptides, catalysts, etc.). The results of this investigation thus provide a basis for the functionalization of fibers and fiber-based materials (e.g., textile fabrics or nonwoven mats) of potential utility in a broad range of consumer, industrial, and biomedical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren E Buck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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