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Guerrero-Orriach JL, Carmona-Luque MD, Raigón-Ponferrada A. Beneficial Effects of Halogenated Anesthetics in Cardiomyocytes: The Role of Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1819. [PMID: 37891898 PMCID: PMC10604121 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the use of anesthetic drugs has been related to effects other than those initially related to their fundamental effect, hypnosis. Halogenated anesthetics, mainly sevoflurane, have been used as a therapeutic tool in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, thanks to the beneficial effect of the cardiac protection they generate. This effect has been described in several research studies. The mechanism by which they produce this effect has been associated with the effects generated by anesthetic preconditioning and postconditioning. The mechanisms by which these effects are induced are directly related to the modulation of oxidative stress and the cellular damage generated by the ischemia/reperfusion procedure through the overexpression of different enzymes, most of them included in the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) and the Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement (SAFE) pathways. Mitochondria is the final target of the different routes of pre- and post-anesthetic conditioning, and it is preserved from the damage generated in moments of lack of oxygen and after the recovery of the normal oxygen concentration. The final consequence of this effect has been related to better cardiac function in this type of patient, with less myocardial damage, less need for inotropic drugs to achieve normal myocardial function, and a shorter hospital stay in intensive care units. The mechanisms through which mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained and its relationship with the clinical effect are the basis of our review. From a translational perspective, we provide information regarding mitochondrial physiology and physiopathology in cardiac failure and the role of halogenated anesthetics in modulating oxidative stress and inducing myocardial conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Guerrero-Orriach
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores Carmona-Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Cell Therapy Group, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aida Raigón-Ponferrada
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Anesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Torrecillas-Baena B, Camacho-Cardenosa M, Carmona-Luque MD, Dorado G, Berenguer-Pérez M, Quesada-Gómez JM, Gálvez-Moreno MÁ, Casado-Díaz A. Comparative Study of the Efficacy of EHO-85, a Hydrogel Containing Olive Tree ( Olea europaea) Leaf Extract, in Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13328. [PMID: 37686133 PMCID: PMC10487427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europaea) leaf extract (OELE) has important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its use in human clinical practice. We recently designed an amorphous hydrogel called EHO-85 (EHO indicates olive leaf extract in Spanish) containing OELE for skin ulcer treatments. Yet, its effectiveness has not been previously compared with other products used in routine clinical practice. This is necessary to evaluate its potential translation to the human clinic. Thus, in this study, the effect of EHO-85 on healing was evaluated in comparison with treatments containing Indian/Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica), hyaluronic acid, or dexpanthenol in a rat model. The speed of wound closure and histological parameters after seven and 14 days were analyzed. All treatments accelerated wound closure, but there were differences between them. Dexpanthenol after seven days produced the highest epithelialization and the lowest inflammation and vascularization. EHO-85 also promoted epithelialization and reduced vascularization. After 14 days, wounds treated with EHO-85 showed less inflammation and higher levels of collagen in the extracellular matrix. This indicates a higher degree of maturity in the regenerated tissue. In conclusion, the effect of EHO-85 on healing was equal to or superior to that of other treatments routinely used in human clinical practice. Therefore, these results, together with previous data on the effects of this hydrogel on ulcer healing in humans, indicate that EHO-85 is a suitable, low-cost, and efficient therapeutic option for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Camacho-Cardenosa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Dolores Carmona-Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miriam Berenguer-Pérez
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (B.T.-B.); (M.C.-C.); (M.D.C.-L.); (J.M.Q.-G.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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