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Wei X, Guo J, Geng X, Xue B, Huang S, Yuan Z. The Combination of Membrane Disruption and FtsZ Targeting by a Chemotherapeutic Hydrogel Synergistically Combats Pathogens Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304600. [PMID: 38491859 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a significant challenge to global health. Due to a shortage of antibiotics, alternative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Unfortunately, colistin, the last-resort antibiotic, has unavoidable nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, and its single killing mechanism is prone to drug resistance. To address this challenge, a promising combinatorial approach that includes colistin, a membrane-disrupting antimicrobial agent, and chelerythrine (CHE), a FtsZ protein inhibitor is proposed. This approach significantly reduces antibiotic dose and development of resistance, leading to almost complete inactivation of MDR pathogens in vitro. To address solubility issues and ensure transport, the antimicrobial hydrogel system LNP-CHE-CST@hydrogel, which induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis-like cell death by targeting the FtsZ protein, is used. In an in vivo mouse skin infection model, the combination therapy effectively eliminated MDR bacteria within 24 h, as monitored by fluorescence tracking. The findings demonstrate a promising approach for developing multifunctional hydrogels to combat MDR bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jintong Guo
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xiaorui Geng
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Intense Laser Application Technology and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101499, China
- LightEdge Technologies Limited, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528403, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
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Kulíšková P, Vašátková L, Slaninová I. Quaternary Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids Act as Smac Mimetics and Overcome Resistance to Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15405. [PMID: 37895085 PMCID: PMC10607862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in cell death signaling pathways are one of the hallmarks of cancer and can lead to resistance to conventional therapy. Natural products are promising compounds that can overcome this resistance. In the present study we studied the effect of six quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs), sanguinarine, chelerythrine, sanguirubine, chelirubine, sanguilutine, and chelilutine, on Jurkat leukemia cells, WT, and cell death deficient lines derived from them, CASP3/7/6-/- and FADD-/-, and on solid tumor, human malignant melanoma, A375 cells. We demonstrated the ability of QBAs to overcome the resistance of these deficient cells and identified a novel mechanism for their action. Sanguinarine and sanguirubine completely and chelerythrine, sanguilutine, and chelilutine partially overcame the resistance of CASP3/7/6-/- and FADD-/- cells. By detection of cPARP, a marker of apoptosis, and pMLKL, a marker of necroptosis, we proved the ability of QBAs to induce both these cell deaths (bimodal cell death) with apoptosis preceding necroptosis. We identified the new mechanism of the cell death induction by QBAs, the downregulation of the apoptosis inhibitors cIAP1 and cIAP2, i.e., an effect similar to that of Smac mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kulíšková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (L.V.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vašátková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A6, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (L.V.)
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Villegas J, Ball BC, Shouse KM, VanArragon CW, Wasserman AN, Bhakta HE, Oliver AG, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, Pruet JM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Argemone mexicana-inspired antimicrobials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1511-1524. [PMID: 37799174 PMCID: PMC10548253 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of new antimicrobial drug discovery in recent years and an ever-growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant "superbugs", there is a pressing need to explore alternative ways to combat pathogenic bacterial and fungal infections. Building upon our previous work in the field of medicinal phytochemistry, the present study is focused on designing, synthesizing, and testing the altered bioactivity of new variants of two original bioactive molecules found in the Argemone mexicana plant. Herein, we report upon 14 variants of berberine and four variants of chelerythrine that have been screened against a pool of 12 microorganisms (five Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, and three fungi). Additionally, the crystal structures of two berberine variants are described. Several berberine variants show enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the unaltered plant-derived molecule. We also report promising preliminary tumor cytotoxicity effects for a number of the berberine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Villegas
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Bryce C Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Katelyn M Shouse
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, 1610 Campus Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Caleb W VanArragon
- Department of Biology, Valparaiso University, 1610 Campus Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Ashley N Wasserman
- Ivy Tech Community College, 410 E Columbus Dr, East Chicago, IN 46312, USA
| | - Hannah E Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey M Pruet
- Department of Chemistry, Valparaiso University, 1710 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA
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Liu M, Sun S, Meng Y, Wang L, Liu H, Shi W, Zhang Q, Xu W, Sun B, Xu J. Benzophenanthridine Alkaloid Chelerythrine Elicits Necroptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells via Selective Conjugation at the Redox Hyperreactive C-Terminal Sec 498 Residue of Cytosolic Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase. Molecules 2023; 28:6842. [PMID: 37836684 PMCID: PMC10574601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) with low-weight molecules is emerging as a high-efficacy anti-cancer strategy in chemotherapy. Sanguinarine has been reported to inhibit the activity of TXNRD1, indicating that benzophenanthridine alkaloid is a fascinating chemical entity in the field of TXNRD1 inhibitors. In this study, the inhibition of three benzophenanthridine alkaloids, including chelerythrine, sanguinarine, and nitidine, on recombinant TXNRD1 was investigated, and their anti-cancer mechanisms were revealed using three gastric cancer cell lines. Chelerythrine and sanguinarine are more potent inhibitors of TXNRD1 than nitidine, and the inhibitory effects take place in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis of TXNRD1 and in vitro inhibition analysis proved that chelerythrine or sanguinarine is primarily bound to the Sec498 residue of the enzyme, but the neighboring Cys497 and remaining N-terminal redox-active cysteines could also be modified after the conjugation of Sec498. With high similarity to sanguinarine, chelerythrine exhibited cytotoxic effects on multiple gastric cancer cell lines and suppressed the proliferation of tumor spheroids derived from NCI-N87 cells. Chelerythrine elevated cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, the ROS induced by chelerythrine could be completely suppressed by the addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and the same is true for sanguinarine. Notably, Nec-1, an RIPK1 inhibitor, rescued the chelerythrine-induced rapid cell death, indicating that chelerythrine triggers necroptosis in gastric cancer cells. Taken together, this study demonstrates that chelerythrine is a novel inhibitor of TXNRD1 by targeting Sec498 and possessing high anti-tumor properties on multiple gastric cancer cell lines by eliciting necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Wuyang Shi
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology (OST), Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering (CE), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences (LPS), Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology (PIIT), Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
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Al-Sabri MH, Behare N, Alsehli AM, Berkins S, Arora A, Antoniou E, Moysiadou EI, Anantha-Krishnan S, Cosmen PD, Vikner J, Moulin TC, Ammar N, Boukhatmi H, Clemensson LE, Rask-Andersen M, Mwinyi J, Williams MJ, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. Statins Induce Locomotion and Muscular Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster That Are Reminiscent of Human Myopathy: Evidence for the Role of the Chloride Channel Inhibition in the Muscular Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36428957 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general locomotion activity and climbing ability. In addition, transmission microscopy of dissected skeletal muscles of fluvastatin-treated flies reveals strong myofibrillar damage, including increased sarcomere lengths and Z-line streaming, which are reminiscent of myopathy, along with fragmented mitochondria of larger sizes, most of which are round-like shapes. Furthermore, chronic fluvastatin treatment is associated with impaired lipid metabolism and insulin signalling. Mechanistically, knockdown of the statin-target Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial phenotypes and lowered general locomotion activity; however, it was not sufficient to alter sarcomere length or elicit myofibrillar damage compared to controls or fluvastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced expression of the skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-a (Drosophila homolog of CLCN1), while selective knockdown of skeletal muscle ClC-a also recapitulated fluvastatin-induced myofibril damage and increased sarcomere lengths. Surprisingly, exercising fluvastatin-treated flies restored ClC-a expression and normalized sarcomere lengths, suggesting that fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar phenotypes could be linked to lowered ClC-a expression. Taken together, these results may indicate the potential role of ClC-a inhibition in statin-associated muscular phenotypes. This study underlines the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model system for elucidating the locomotion and muscular phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIM.
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Lin Y, Zhang Q, Xie B, Jiang H, Shen J, Tang S, Dai C. Chelerythrine-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in HepG2 Cells Involves the Inhibition of Akt Pathway and the Activation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1837. [PMID: 36139911 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CHE) is a majorly harmful isoquinoline alkaloid ingredient in Chelidonium majus that could trigger potential hepatotoxicity, but the pivotal molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, CHE-induced cytotoxicity and the underlying toxic mechanisms were investigated using human HepG2 cells in vitro. Data showed that CHE treatment (at 1.25–10 μM)-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells is dose-dependent. CHE treatment increased the production of ROS and induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Additionally, CHE treatment triggered the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the expression of mitochondrial complexes, upregulated the expression of Bax, CytC, and cleaved-PARP1 proteins and the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and downregulated the expression of Bcl-XL, and HO-1 proteins, finally resulting in cell apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine supplementation significantly inhibited CHE-induced ROS production and apoptosis. Furthermore, CHE treatment significantly downregulated the expression of phosphorylation (p)-Akt (Ser473), p-mTOR (Ser2448), and p-AMPK (Thr172) proteins in HepG2 cells. Pharmacology inhibition of Akt promoted CHE-induced the downregulation of HO-1 protein, caspase activation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, CHE-induced cytotoxicity may involve the inhibition of Akt pathway and the activation of oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in HepG2 cells. This study sheds new insights into understanding the toxic mechanisms and health risks of CHE.
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Chen N, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Liu Q, Xia T, Xiang J, Zeng J, Tang J. Rediscovery of Traditional Plant Medicine: An Underestimated Anticancer Drug of Chelerythrine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906301. [PMID: 35721116 PMCID: PMC9198297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many studies, the extensive and significant anticancer activity of chelerythrine (CHE) was identified, which is the primary natural active compound in four traditional botanical drugs and can be applied as a promising treatment in various solid tumors. So this review aimed to summarize the anticancer capacities and the antitumor mechanism of CHE. The literature searches revolving around CHE have been carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases. Increasing evidence indicates that CHE, as a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits its excellent anticancer activity as CHE can intervene in tumor progression and inhibit tumor growth in multiple ways, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, autophagy-mediated cell death, bind selectively to telomeric G-quadruplex and strongly inhibit the telomerase activity through G-quadruplex stabilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PKC. The role of CHE against diverse types of cancers has been investigated in many studies and has been identified as the main antitumor drug candidate in drug discovery programs. The current complex data suggest the potential value in clinical application and the future direction of CHE as a therapeutic drug in cancer. Furthermore, the limitations and the present problems are also highlighted in this review. Despite the unclearly delineated molecular targets of CHE, extensive research in this area provided continuously fresh data exploitable in the clinic while addressing the present requirement for further studies such as toxicological studies, combination medication, and the development of novel chemical methods or biomaterials to extend the effects of CHE or the development of its derivatives and analogs, contributing to the effective transformation of this underestimated anticancer drug into clinical practice. We believe that this review can provide support for the clinical application of a new anticancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Strzemski M, Dresler S, Podkościelna B, Skic K, Sowa I, Załuski D, Verpoorte R, Zielińska S, Krawczyk P, Wójciak M. Effectiveness of Volatile Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (VNADESs) for the Green Extraction of Chelidonium majus Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092815. [PMID: 35566166 PMCID: PMC9101032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Chelidonium majus plant is rich in biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids. These alkaline polar compounds are isolated from raw materials with the use of acidified water or methanol; next, after alkalisation of the extract, they are extracted using chloroform or dichloromethane. This procedure requires the use of toxic solvents. The present study assessed the possibility of using volatile natural deep eutectic solvents (VNADESs) for the efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of Chelidonium alkaloids. The roots and herb of the plant were subjected three times to extraction with various menthol, thymol, and camphor mixtures and with water and methanol (acidified and nonacidified). It has been shown that alkaloids can be efficiently isolated using menthol–camphor and menthol–thymol mixtures. In comparison with the extraction with acidified methanol, the use of appropriate VNADESs formulations yielded higher amounts of protopine (by 16%), chelidonine (35%), berberine (76%), chelerythrine (12%), and coptisine (180%). Sanguinarine extraction efficiency was at the same level. Additionally, the values of the contact angles of the raw materials treated with the tested solvents were assessed, and higher wetting dynamics were observed in the case of VNADESs when compared with water. These results suggest that VNADESs can be used for the efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of Chelidonium alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Strzemski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.)
| | - Daniel Załuski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Rob Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sylwia Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Immunology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (S.D.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.W.)
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Zielińska S, Dziągwa-Becker M, Junka A, Piątczak E, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Brożyna M, Paleczny J, Sobiecka A, Słupski W, Mess E, Kucharski M, Çiçek SS, Zidorn C, Matkowski A. Screening Papaveraceae as Novel Antibiofilm Natural-Based Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:4778. [PMID: 34443363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of herbs from Papaveraceae have been used in medicine for centuries. Nevertheless, mutual relationships between the individual bioactive substances contained in these plants remain poorly elucidated. In this work, phytochemical composition of extracts from the aerial and underground parts of five Papaveraceae species (Chelidonium majus L., Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. and Körte, C. cheilanthifolia Hemsl., C. pumila (Host) Rchb., and Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.) were examined using LC-ESI-MS/MS with a triple quadrupole analyzer. Large differences in the quality and quantity of all analyzed compounds were observed between species of different genera and also within one genus. Two groups of metabolites predominated in the phytochemical profiles. These were isoquinoline alkaloids and, in smaller amounts, non-phenolic carboxylic acids and phenolic compounds. In aerial and underground parts, 22 and 20 compounds were detected, respectively. These included: seven isoquinoline alkaloids: protopine, allocryptopine, coptisine, berberine, chelidonine, sanguinarine, and chelerythrine; five of their derivatives as well as non-alkaloids: malic acid, trans-aconitic acid, quinic acid, salicylic acid, trans-caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol; and vanillin. The aerial parts were much richer in phenolic compounds regardless of the plant species. Characterized extracts were studied for their antimicrobial potential against planktonic and biofilm-producing cells of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. The impact of the extracts on cellular metabolic activity and biofilm biomass production was evaluated. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts introduced to the polymeric carrier made of bacterial cellulose was assessed. Extracts of C. cheilanthifolia were found to be the most effective against all tested human pathogens. Multiple regression tests indicated a high antimicrobial impact of quercetin in extracts of aerial parts against planktonic cells of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, and no direct correlation between the composition of other bioactive substances and the results of antimicrobial activity were found. Conclusively, further investigations are required to identify the relations between recognized and unrecognized compounds within extracts and their biological properties.
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Wang J, Song Y, Zhang N, Li N, Liu C, Wang B. Using Liposomes to Alleviate the Toxicity of Chelerythrine, a Natural PKC Inhibitor, in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658543. [PMID: 34123813 PMCID: PMC8190388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study CHE can inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells and induce apoptosis. However, despite having in vivo toxicity, CHE has not been thoroughly investigated in term of its in vivo antitumor effect. The present study evaluated the antitumor effect of CHE on non-small cell lung cancer cell line HCC827. Methods The antitumor effect of CHE on HCC827 was evaluated, and its potential work mechanism was investigated. CHE long circulation liposomes (CHELPs) modified with polyethylene glycol have been optimized and characterized by in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. A HCC827 xenograft model was developed on BALB/c nude mice for the assessment of the effects of CHE and CHELP. Results CHE might inhibit HCC827 growth through the ROS/PKC-ϵ/caspase 3 pathway and glycolysis. The optimized CHELP remained stable after storage for 10 days at 4°C and exhibited sustained drug release, showing approximately one-fifteenth of the in vivo clearance rate and 86 times the absorption concentration of free drug. While increasing the bioavailability of CHE, CHELP showed a good therapeutic effect on HCC827 tumor-bearing nude mice and reduced the toxicity of the free drug, improving the safety of CHE. Conclusions CHE is a candidate drug for NSCLC, and liposomes are effective in alleviating the toxicity of CHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Song
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Congying Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Huang CY, Huang YJ, Zhang ZY, Liu YS, Liu ZY. Metabolism and Tissue Distribution of Chelerythrine and Effects of Macleaya Cordata Extracts on Liver NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:659771. [PMID: 34124222 PMCID: PMC8187775 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.659771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Macleaya cordata (Willd.) (Papaveraceae) is listed as a feed additive in animal production by the European Food Authority. Methods: The metabolites of chelerythrine in rats were measured in vitro and in vivo by rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF-MS). The structures of CHE metabolites were elucidated by comparing their changes in accurate molecular masses and fragment ions with those of parent ion or metabolite. The metabolic enzymes that were involved in chelerythrine reduction were investigated using an inhibition method. The tissue distribution of chelerythrine and the effects on NQO1 following intragastric administration with M. cordata extracts in rats were examined. Results: A total of twelve metabolites of chelerythrine were characterized by this approach in rat liver S9 and in vivo. The reduction of the iminium bond of chelerythrine and subsequent O-demethylation was the main metabolic pathway of chelerythrine in rat liver S9 while the reduction of the iminium bond of chelerythrine was the main metabolic pathway of chelerythrine in rats in vivo. After the rats were given intragastric administration, the low concentration residues of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in different rat tissues were found at 48 h after the last dose, suggesting that both compounds could be widely distributed in tissues. The results also indicated that XO, NQO1, NQO2, and carbonyl reductase are involved in chelerythrine reduction. Macleaya cordata extracts treated female and male rats, respectively, showed different responses, inhibiting NQO1 activity in males, but inducing NQO1 activity in females. Chelerythrine had a weak impact on NQO1 activity, but sanguinarine inhibited NQO1 activity Conclusion: Through studying the effects of cytosolic reductase inhibitors on chelerythrine reduction and the impact of chelerythrine and sanguinarine on the activity of NQO1 in vitro and in vivo, we clarified the potential drug interaction of Macleaya cordata extract in clinical application, so as to provide theoretical guidance for clinically safe medication. In addition, it provided a reference basis for the metabolic mechanism of chelerythrinein rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Jun Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Prima Drug Research Center Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Yi-Song Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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12
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Qian WD, Huang J, Zhang JN, Li XC, Kong Y, Wang T, Li YD. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities and Mechanism of Action of Chelerythrine Against Carbapenem-Resistant Serratia marcescens In Vitro. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1105-1116. [PMID: 33439767 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of chelerythrine (CHE) against carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens (CRSM). Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHE against CRSM was determined using the agar dilution method. Changes in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, intracellular pH, cell membrane potential, and cell membrane integrity were investigated to assess the influence of CHE on the cell membrane. The effects of CHE on cell morphology were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy. The antibiofilm formation of CHE was measured by crystal violet staining and visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and FESEM. The influence of CHE on biofilm components was further investigated using CLSM specific combined with double-dyeing methods. Results: Our results showed that CHE had an MIC at 125 μg/mL against CRSM was capable of inhibiting the growth of CRSM and destroying its cell membrane integrity, as well as obviously changing the cell morphology. Sub-MIC CHE displayed robust inhibitory effects against CRSM biofilm formation by mediating the production of biofilm components. In addition, CLSM- and FESEM-mediated evaluation of the damage of biofilm cells and biofilm persistence revealed that at high concentrations, CHE could compromise the cells within biofilms and remove preformed biofilms. Conclusion: CHE shows promise as a natural antimicrobial substance against biofilm-positive CRSM, with the potential to serve as an alternative therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Cheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jining First Peoples' Hospital, Jining, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Dong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, P.R. China
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13
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Ghashghaeinia M, Dreischer P, Wieder T, Köberle M. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), human erythrocytes and the PKC-alpha/-beta inhibitor chelerythrine -possible therapeutic implication. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3399-3405. [PMID: 33305655 PMCID: PMC7781621 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1859197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19. Until now, diverse drugs have been used for the treatment of COVID-19. These drugs are associated with severe side effects, e.g. induction of erythrocyte death, named eryptosis. This massively affects the oxygen (O2) supply of the organism. Therefore, three elementary aspects should be considered simultaneously: (1) a potential drug should directly attack the virus, (2) eliminate virus-infected host cells and (3) preserve erythrocyte survival and functionality. It is known that PKC-α inhibition enhances the vitality of human erythrocytes, while it dose-dependently activates the apoptosis machinery in nucleated cells. Thus, the use of chelerythrine as a specific PKC-alpha and -beta (PKC-α/-β) inhibitor should be a promising approach to treat people infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Psoriasis-Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel, Germany.,Physiologisches Institut, Abteilung für Vegetative und Klinische Physiologie, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dreischer
- Physiologisches Institut, Abteilung für Vegetative und Klinische Physiologie, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieder
- Physiologisches Institut, Abteilung für Vegetative und Klinische Physiologie, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich , München, Germany
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14
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Wang M, Ma B, Ni Y, Xue X, Li M, Meng J, Luo X, Fang C, Hou Z. Restoration of the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Escherichia coli Through Combination with Chelerythrine. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:337-341. [PMID: 32721267 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance poses a severe threat to public health and urgently requires new solutions. The natural product chelerythrine (CHE) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid with antimicrobial potential. In this study, CHE was effective against seven gram-positive bacterial strains, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 2 to 4 μg/mL. By contrast, CHE showed inferior antibacterial activities against 11 gram-negative strains, and the MICs varied from 16 to 256 μg/mL. We also determined the synergistic/additive effects of combining CHE with nine currently used antibiotics. CHE restored the antibacterial efficacy of the antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli. This study suggests that the combination of CHE with conventional antibiotics may be a promising strategy to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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15
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Hu NX, Chen M, Liu YS, Shi Q, Yang B, Zhang HC, Cheng P, Tang Q, Liu ZY, Zeng JG. Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:197-206. [PMID: 30350369 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half-life (t1/2 ) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (Cmax ) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h-1 ·kg-1 ) with a t1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Song Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan-Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Pi Cheng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tang
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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16
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Fan L, Fan Y, Liu L, Tao W, Shan X, Dong Y, Li L, Zhang S, Wang H. Chelerythrine Attenuates the Inflammation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediated by Nrf2. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 30319404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01047/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CH), is a kind of benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid isolated from plants such as Chelidonium, with pharmacological activities as antitumor, antibiosis and anti-inflammation. However, few studies have demonstrated whether CH could protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and the underlying mechanism is also uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CH on LPS-induced ALI in mice and in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with CH significantly ameliorated LPS-induced pathological changes in the lung. CH also attenuated LPS-induced W/D ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, LPS-induced Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) production and oxidative stress were markedly suppressed by CH. Furthermore, western blot showed that CH suppressed LPS-stimulated inflammation of RAW264.7 cells through activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Knocking down of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) led to the reduction of nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65, which triggered inflammation. These experimental results provided evidence that CH could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the intervention of ALI caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital/Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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17
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Fan L, Fan Y, Liu L, Tao W, Shan X, Dong Y, Li L, Zhang S, Wang H. Chelerythrine Attenuates the Inflammation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediated by Nrf2. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1047. [PMID: 30319404 PMCID: PMC6169195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CH), is a kind of benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid isolated from plants such as Chelidonium, with pharmacological activities as antitumor, antibiosis and anti-inflammation. However, few studies have demonstrated whether CH could protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and the underlying mechanism is also uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CH on LPS-induced ALI in mice and in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with CH significantly ameliorated LPS-induced pathological changes in the lung. CH also attenuated LPS-induced W/D ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, LPS-induced Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) production and oxidative stress were markedly suppressed by CH. Furthermore, western blot showed that CH suppressed LPS-stimulated inflammation of RAW264.7 cells through activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Knocking down of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) led to the reduction of nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65, which triggered inflammation. These experimental results provided evidence that CH could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the intervention of ALI caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital/Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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18
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Wu S, Yang Y, Li F, Huang L, Han Z, Wang G, Yu H, Li H. Chelerythrine induced cell death through ROS-dependent ER stress in human prostate cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2593-2601. [PMID: 29780252 PMCID: PMC5951218 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and the third in USA in 2017. Chelerythrine (CHE), a naturalbenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, formerly identified as a protein kinase C inhibitor, has also shown anticancer effect through a number of mechanisms. Herein, effect and mechanism of the CHE-induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in prostate cancer cells were studied for the first time. METHODS In our present study, we investigated whether CHE induced cell viability decrease, colony formation inhibition, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in PC-3 cells. In addition, we showed that CHE increases intracellular ROS and leads to ROS-dependent ER stress and cell apoptosis. RESULTS Pre-treatment with N-acetyl cysteine, an ROS scavenger, totally reversed the CHE-induced cancer cell apoptosis as well as ER stress activation, suggesting that the ROS generation was responsible for the anticancer effects of CHE. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings support one of the anticancer mechanisms by which CHE increased ROS accumulation in prostate cancer cells, thereby leading to ER stress and caused intrinsic apoptotic signaling. The study reveals that CHE could be a potential candidate for application in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjiang Wu
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
| | - Yanying Yang
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
| | - Feiping Li
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
| | - Lifu Huang
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
| | - Zihua Han
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
| | - Guanfu Wang
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
| | - Haiping Li
- Department of Urology, Enze Hospital of Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, China
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19
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Zielińska S, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Wójciak-Kosior M, Sowa I, Junka A, Matkowski AM. Greater Celandine's Ups and Downs-21 Centuries of Medicinal Uses of Chelidonium majus From the Viewpoint of Today's Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:299. [PMID: 29713277 PMCID: PMC5912214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As antique as Dioscorides era are the first records on using Chelidonium as a remedy to several sicknesses. Inspired by the "signatura rerum" principle and an apparent ancient folk tradition, various indications were given, such as anti-jaundice and cholagogue, pain-relieving, and quite often mentioned-ophthalmological problems. Central and Eastern European folk medicine has always been using this herb extensively. In this region, the plant is known under many unique vernacular names, especially in Slavonic languages, associated or not with old Greek relation to "chelidon"-the swallow. Typically for Papaveroidae subfamily, yellow-colored latex is produced in abundance and leaks intensely upon injury. Major pharmacologically relevant components, most of which were first isolated over a century ago, are isoquinoline alkaloids-berberine, chelerythrine, chelidonine, coptisine, sanguinarine. Modern pharmacology took interest in this herb but it has not ended up in gaining an officially approved and evidence-based herbal medicine status. On the contrary, the number of relevant studies and publications tended to drop. Recently, some controversial reports and sometimes insufficiently proven studies appeared, suggesting anticancer properties. Anticancer potential was in line with anecdotical knowledge spread in East European countries, however, in the absence of directly-acting cytostatic compounds, some other mechanisms might be involved. Other properties that could boost the interest in this herb are antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Being a common synanthropic weed or ruderal plant, C. majus spreads in all temperate Eurasia and acclimates well to North America. Little is known about the natural variation of bioactive metabolites, including several aforementioned isoquinoline alkaloids. In this review, we put together older and recent literature data on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies on C. majus aiming at a critical evaluation of state-of-the-art from the viewpoint of historical and folk indications. The controversies around this herb, the safety and drug quality issues and a prospective role in phytotherapy are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam M. Matkowski
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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20
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Banerjee A, Sanyal S, Dutta S, Chakraborty P, Das PP, Jana K, Vasudevan M, Das C, Dasgupta D. The plant alkaloid chelerythrine binds to chromatin, alters H3K9Ac and modulates global gene expression. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1491-1499. [PMID: 27494525 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1188154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CHL), a plant alkaloid, possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. Although CHL influences several key signal transduction pathways, its ability to interact directly with nucleoprotein complex chromatin, in eukaryotic cells has so far not been looked into. Here we have demonstrated its association with hierarchically assembled chromatin components, viz. long chromatin, chromatosome, nucleosome, chromosomal DNA, and histone H3 and the consequent effect on chromatin structure. CHL was found to repress acetylation at H3K9. It is more target-specific in terms of gene expression alteration and less cytotoxic compared to its structural analog sanguinarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- a Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Block - AF Sector-I, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Sulagna Sanyal
- a Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Block - AF Sector-I, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Shreyasi Dutta
- a Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Block - AF Sector-I, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Payal Chakraborty
- b Genome Informatics Research Group , Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd. , Bangalore 560043 , India
| | - Prajna Paramita Das
- a Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Block - AF Sector-I, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- c Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Translational Animal Research , Bose Institute , P 1/12, C. I. T. Road, Scheme - VIIM, Kolkata 700054 , India
| | - Madavan Vasudevan
- b Genome Informatics Research Group , Bionivid Technology Pvt Ltd. , Bangalore 560043 , India
| | - Chandrima Das
- a Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Block - AF Sector-I, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Dipak Dasgupta
- a Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , Block - AF Sector-I, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064 , India
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Wang X, Tanaka M, Krstin S, Peixoto HS, Wink M. The Interference of Selected Cytotoxic Alkaloids with the Cytoskeleton: An Insight into Their Modes of Action. Molecules 2016; 21:E906. [PMID: 27420038 PMCID: PMC6273799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids, the largest group among the nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites of plants, usually interact with several molecular targets. In this study, we provide evidence that six cytotoxic alkaloids (sanguinarine, chelerythrine, chelidonine, noscapine, protopine, homoharringtonine), which are known to affect neuroreceptors, protein biosynthesis and nucleic acids, also interact with the cellular cytoskeleton, such as microtubules and actin filaments, as well. Sanguinarine, chelerythrine and chelidonine depolymerized the microtubule network in living cancer cells (Hela cells and human osteosarcoma U2OS cells) and inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro with IC50 values of 48.41 ± 3.73, 206.39 ± 4.20 and 34.51 ± 9.47 μM, respectively. However, sanguinarine and chelerythrine did not arrest the cell cycle while 2.5 μM chelidonine arrested the cell cycle in the G₂/M phase with 88.27% ± 0.99% of the cells in this phase. Noscapine and protopine apparently affected microtubule structures in living cells without affecting tubulin polymerization in vitro, which led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, promoting this cell population to 73.42% ± 8.31% and 54.35% ± 11.26% at a concentration of 80 μM and 250.9 μM, respectively. Homoharringtonine did not show any effects on microtubules and cell cycle, while the known microtubule-stabilizing agent paclitaxel was found to inhibit tubulin polymerization in the presence of MAPs in vitro with an IC50 value of 38.19 ± 3.33 μM. Concerning actin filaments, sanguinarine, chelerythrine and chelidonine exhibited a certain effect on the cellular actin filament network by reducing the mass of actin filaments. The interactions of these cytotoxic alkaloids with microtubules and actin filaments present new insights into their molecular modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mine Tanaka
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sonja Krstin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Herbenya Silva Peixoto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yang F, Xiao W, Ma X, Huang R, Yu R, Li G, Huang X, Chen C, Ding P. Optimization of a novel chelerythrine-loaded magnetic Fe3 O4 /chitosan alpha-ketoglutaric acid system and evaluation of its anti-tumour activities. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1030-40. [PMID: 27293067 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel magnetic targeting anti-tumour drug delivery system (Fe3 O4 /KCTS-CHE) was designed using magnetic Fe3 O4 /chitosan alpha-ketoglutaric acid (Fe3 O4 /KCTS) as carrier and chelerythrine (CHE) as an anti-tumour drug model. Moreover, the anti-tumour activities and mechanisms of Fe3 O4 /KCTS-CHE were investigated. METHODS The preparation conditions of Fe3 O4 /KCTS-CHE microspheres were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The CHE drug release kinetics was evaluated by fitting the experimental data to standard release equations. The inhibitive activities of Fe3 O4 /KCTS-CHE microspheres against the HepG2 cells were estimated using MTT assay in vitro, and the mechanisms were studied using Hoechst 33258 staining. KEY FINDINGS The optimum preparation conditions were 11.68 : 1 for Fe3 O4 /KCTS:CHE ratio, 4 : 1 for oil/water ratio and 50.03 min for the ultrasonic time. The drug loading content and entrapment efficiency under the optimal conditions were 23.3% and 50.9%. The best fit was Higuchi model for the microspheres. The inhibitive rate on HepG2 cells of Fe3 O4 /KCTS-CHE nanoparticles varied from 30.19 ± 2.64% to 70.46 ± 6.42% at different concentrations from 50 to 400 mg/l in 72 h. CONCLUSION Fe3 O4 /KCTS-CHE exhibited effective anti-tumour activities against the HepG2 cells and induced cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Fe3 O4 /KCTS-CHE possess a high drug loading efficiency and entrapment efficiency, which are a new matrix for controlling release of drugs and a promising candidate for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Chemical and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiyin Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cuimei Chen
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Li S, Hwang XY, Stav S, Breaker RR. The yjdF riboswitch candidate regulates gene expression by binding diverse azaaromatic compounds. RNA 2016; 22:530-41. [PMID: 26843526 PMCID: PMC4793209 DOI: 10.1261/rna.054890.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The yjdF motif RNA is an orphan riboswitch candidate that almost exclusively associates with the yjdF protein-coding gene in many bacteria. The function of the YjdF protein is unknown, which has made speculation regarding the natural ligand for this putative riboswitch unusually challenging. By using a structure-probing assay for ligand binding, we found that a surprisingly broad diversity of nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles, or "azaaromatics," trigger near-identical changes in the structures adopted by representative yjdF motif RNAs. Regions of the RNA that undergo ligand-induced structural modulation reside primarily in portions of the putative aptamer region that are highly conserved in nucleotide sequence, as is typical for riboswitches. Some azaaromatic molecules are bound by the RNA with nanomolar dissociation constants, and a subset of these ligands activate riboswitch-mediated gene expression in cells. Furthermore, genetic elements most commonly adjacent to the yjdF motif RNA or to the yjdF protein-coding region are homologous to protein regulators implicated in mitigating the toxic effects of diverse phenolic acids or polycyclic compounds. Although the precise type of natural ligand sensed by yjdF motif RNAs remains unknown, our findings suggest that this riboswitch class might serve as part of a genetic response system to toxic or signaling compounds with chemical structures similar to azaaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshu Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | - Xue Ying Hwang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | - Shira Stav
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | - Ronald R Breaker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
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24
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Garcia-Belinchón M, Sánchez-Osuna M, Martínez-Escardó L, Granados-Colomina C, Pascual-Guiral S, Iglesias-Guimarais V, Casanelles E, Ribas J, Yuste VJ. An Early and Robust Activation of Caspases Heads Cells for a Regulated Form of Necrotic-like Cell Death. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20841-20855. [PMID: 26124276 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is triggered by the activation of caspases and characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation (type II nuclear morphology). Necrosis is depicted by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane leakage, and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Although considered as different cell death entities, there is an overlap between apoptosis and necrosis. In this sense, mounting evidence suggests that both processes can be morphological expressions of a common biochemical network known as "apoptosis-necrosis continuum." To gain insight into the events driving the apoptosis-necrosis continuum, apoptotically proficient cells were screened facing several apoptotic inducers for the absence of type II apoptotic nuclear morphologies. Chelerythrine was selected for further studies based on its cytotoxicity and the lack of apoptotic nuclear alterations. Chelerythrine triggered an early plasma membrane leakage without condensed chromatin aggregates. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that chelerythrine-mediated cytotoxicity was compatible with a necrotic-like type of cell death. Biochemically, chelerythrine induced the activation of caspases. Moreover, the inhibition of caspases prevented chelerythrine-triggered necrotic-like cell death. Compared with staurosporine, chelerythrine induced stronger caspase activation detectable at earlier times. After using a battery of chemicals, we found that high concentrations of thiolic antioxidants fully prevented chelerythrine-driven caspase activation and necrotic-like cell death. Lower amounts of thiolic antioxidants partially prevented chelerythrine-mediated cytotoxicity and allowed cells to display type II apoptotic nuclear morphology correlating with a delay in caspase-3 activation. Altogether, these data support that an early and pronounced activation of caspases can drive cells to undergo a form of necrotic-like regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Garcia-Belinchón
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Osuna
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Escardó
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Granados-Colomina
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Pascual-Guiral
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisenda Casanelles
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Ribas
- Cell death regulation by non-coding RNA group, Pharmacology Unit, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Avinguda Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Victor J Yuste
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular-Unitat de Medicina and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Basu P, Kumar GS. A comparative study on the interaction of the putative anticancer alkaloids, sanguinarine and chelerythrine, with single- and double-stranded, and heat-denatured DNAs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 33:2594-605. [PMID: 25562701 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.1002425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A detailed investigation on the interaction of two benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine (SGR) and chelerythrine (CHL), with the double-stranded (ds), heat-denatured (hd), and single-stranded (ss) DNA was performed by spectroscopy and calorimetry techniques. Binding to the three DNA conformations leads to quenching of fluorescence of SGR and enhancement in the fluorescence of CHL. The binding was cooperative for both of the alkaloids with all the three DNA conformations. The binding constant values of both alkaloids with the ds DNA were in the order of 10(6) M(-1); binding was weak with hd and much weaker to the ss DNA. The fluorescence emission of the alkaloid molecules bound to the ds and hd DNAs was quenched much less compared to those bound to the ss DNA based on competition with the anionic quencher KI. For both double stranded and heat denatured structures the emission of the bound alkaloid molecules was polarized significantly and strong energy transfer from the DNA bases to the alkaloid molecules occurred. Intercalation of SGR and CHL to ds, hd, and ss DNA was proved from these fluorescence results. Calorimetric studies suggested that the binding to all DNA conformations was both enthalpy and entropy favored. Both the alkaloids preferred double-helical regions for binding, but SGR was a stronger binder than CHL to all the three DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Basu
- a Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032 , India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- a Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032 , India
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26
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Li WF, Hao DJ, Fan T, Huang HM, Yao H, Niu XF. Protective effect of chelerythrine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 208:18-27. [PMID: 24300194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid, chelerythrine (CHE), is of great practical and research interest because of its pronounced, widespread physiological effects, primarily antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, arising from its ability to interact with proteins and DNA. Although CHE was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on acute gastric ulcer have not been previously explored. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective effect of CHE on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in mice. Administration of CHE at doses of 1, 5 and 10mg/kg bodyweight prior to ethanol ingestion dose-dependently inhibited gastric ulcer. The gastric mucosal lesion was assessed by ulcer area, gastric juice acidity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, macroscopic and histopathological examinations. CHE significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index, myeloperoxidase activities, macroscopic and histological score in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, CHE also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) concentration, pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in serum and gastric mucosal in the mice exposed to ethanol induced ulceration in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CHE markedly attenuated the overexpression of nuclear factor-κB in gastric mucosa of mice. It was concluded that CHE represents a potential therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastric ulceration. In addition, acute toxicity study revealed no abnormal sign to the mice treated with CHE (15mg/kg). These findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity of CHE might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine by regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | | | - Ting Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Xi'an Red Cross Hospital, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hui-Min Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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27
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Schrader KK. Plant Natural compounds with antibacterial activity towards common pathogens of pond-cultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1676-89. [PMID: 22069655 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare cause enteric septicemia and columnaris disease, respectively, in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Natural therapeutants may provide an alternative to current management approaches used by producers. In this study, a rapid bioassay identified plant compounds as potential therapeutants. Chelerythrine chloride and ellagic acid were the most toxic toward E. ictaluri, with 24-h IC50 of 7.3 mg/L and 15.1 mg/L, respectively, and MIC of 2.1 mg/L and 6.5 mg/L, respectively. Chelerythrine chloride, ellagic acid, β-glycyrrhetinic acid, sorgoleone, and wogonin were the most toxic towards two genomovars of F. columnare, and wogonin had the strongest antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.3 mg/L).
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28
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Arnsten AFT. Ameliorating prefrontal cortical dysfunction in mental illness: inhibition of phosphotidyl inositol-protein kinase C signaling. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 202:445-55. [PMID: 18719894 PMCID: PMC2864782 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are associated with profound dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), with bipolar disorder most associated with changes in ventromedial PFC and schizophrenia more associated with changes in dorsolateral PFC. DISCUSSION Recent genetic and biochemical studies have also linked these illnesses to disinhibition of phosphotidyl inositol-protein kinase C signaling. For example, DAG kinase eta, an enzyme that metabolizes DAG and thus reduces protein kinase C activity, is the gene most altered in bipolar disorder. Similarly, regulator of G protein signaling 4 is the molecule most altered in the PFC of patients with schizophrenia, and this molecule normally serves to inhibit Gq signaling. Animal studies have shown that high levels of phosphotidyl inositol-protein kinase C signaling in the PFC markedly impair PFC function at the behavioral and cellular levels. Most importantly, many effective medications for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia inhibit phosphotidyl inositol-protein kinase C signaling, either through intracellular actions (lithium, valproate) or through extracellular blockade of receptors coupled to this pathway (5HT2 receptors and alpha-1 adrenoceptors). Recent data suggest that lithium and valproate can protect gray matter in patients with bipolar disorder. These findings encourage the development of protein kinase C inhibitors for the treatment of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. T. Arnsten
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale Medical School, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Abstract
1. We have examined excitatory postsynaptic potentials and paired-pulse interactions in rat hippocampal slices to obtain more information about the site and mechanism of interactions between metabotropic glutamate receptors and adenosine receptors. 2. The results show that the suppression of adenosine sensitivity is explained by a selectively reduced responsiveness to A(1) receptor stimulation, and does not involve any facilitation of A(2A) adenosine receptors, since it can be obtained in the absence of endogenous adenosine and is not prevented by the A(2A) receptor blocker ZM241385. 3. The glutamate receptors involved are of the group I class since the suppression of adenosine sensitivity is produced by ACPD and the group I selective compound DHPG. Furthermore, the effects of DHPG could be prevented by LY367385, a selective antagonist at the mGlu(1a) subtype of group I receptors. The selective antagonist at mGlu(5) receptors, SIB1893, did not prevent the suppression of adenosine sensitivity by DHPG. Blockade of the DHPG/adenosine interaction was also obtained by superfusion with the protein kinasae C inhibitor chelerythrine. 4. Since the suppression of adenosine responses by metabotropic receptor agonists was seen in the paired-pulse paradigm, we conclude that the observed interactions occur at the level of the presynaptic terminals. 5. The interaction with adenosine receptors is not specific, but applies also to a suppression of responses mediated by the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen. 6. We conclude that activation of the mGlu1a subtype of receptor can suppress responses mediated via adenosine A1 receptors, probably by activating protein kinase C. Since the changes induced by metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists last for at least 60 min, the data also imply that these interactions could play an important role in changes of synaptic function long after even transient increases of glutamate release in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahraki
- Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, West Medical Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ
- Author for correspondence:
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30
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Han R, Bakker AJ. The effect of chelerythrine on depolarization-induced force responses in skinned fast skeletal muscle fibres of the rat. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138:417-26. [PMID: 12569066 PMCID: PMC1573677 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2002] [Accepted: 10/08/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1 We examined the effect of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine on depolarization-induced force responses (DIFRs) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function in single, mechanically skinned skeletal muscle fibres of the rat. 2 In this study, the DIFRs in the skinned fibres normally underwent an irreversible loss of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) after 10-15 responses. Chelerythrine (12 micro M) was shown to restore ECC in these fibres. Restored force responses were similar in peak (control 50.8+/-6.4%, chelerythrine 56.9+/-12.4% of maximum force, P=0.42, n=21), but significantly broadened compared to initial control responses (full-width at half maximum, control; 3.7+/-0.3 s, chelerythrine; 13.3+/-1.1 s, P<0.001). Early exposure to chelerythrine prevented run-down of DIFRs. Chelerythrine also induced spontaneous force responses in some fibres. 3 The PKC inhibitors calphostin C and staurosporine did not restore ECC, and the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate did not promote loss of ECC in the skinned fibres. 4 Chelerythrine significantly increased SR Ca(2+) loading by 8.4+/-1.7% (P=0.02, n=9) and SR Ca(2+) release by at least 14.1+/-2.7% (P=0.004, n=11) in the skinned fibres. 5 Chelerythrine had no significant effect on maximum force production or the [Ca(2+)] producing half maximal activation of the myofilaments. However, chelerythrine did have a small effect on the slope of the force-Ca(2+) relationship (P=0.02, n=10). 6 Chelerythrine reverses the use-dependent loss of excitation-contraction coupling in skinend skeletal muscle fibres by a PKC independent pathway. Chelerythrine may be an important pharmacological probe for examining the mechanisms of contraction-induced muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Han
- School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anthony J Bakker
- School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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