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Amirdhanayagam J, Guleria M, Sharma R, Kumar N, Mukherjee A, Das T. Formulation of patient dose of [ 177Lu]Lu-Trastuzumab using in-house developed freeze-dried kit: A path forward for clinical translation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:131-144. [PMID: 38342496 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is a US-FDA-approved humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. The aim of the present work is to optimize a freeze-dried formulation of DOTA-Trastuzumab conjugate for the preparation of patient doses of [177Lu]Lu-Trastuzumab for radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer. The formulation of [177Lu]Lu-Trastuzumab usually takes a long time, and thus, such a process is not suitable for the routine preparation of this agent in hospital radiopharmacies. To circumvent this, a pre-synthesized DOTA-Trastuzumab conjugate as a freeze-dried formulation is proposed. In the present work, DOTA-Trastuzumab conjugate was subjected to a freeze-drying process after the addition of optimized amounts of radioprotectant and cryoprotectant. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Trastuzumab was prepared by incubating the lyophilized powder of the kit vial with medium-specific activity 177LuCl3. The final radiochemical purity of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Trastuzumab, prepared using freeze-dried kit, was determined to be >95%. To ascertain the reproducibility of the procedure, six consecutive batches of the freeze-dried formulation were prepared, radiolabeled, and evaluated by carrying out both in vitro and ex vivo studies. The consistency of the results of all the six consecutive batches confirmed the robustness and utility of the in-house optimized freeze-dried formulation for the preparation of patient doses of [177Lu]Lu-Trastuzumab at hospital radiopharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohini Guleria
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Mukherjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Patwardhan RS, Gohil D, Singh B, Kumar BK, Purohit V, Thoh M, Checker R, Gardi N, Gota V, Kutala VK, Patwardhan S, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Mitochondrial-targeted curcumin inhibits T-cell activation via Nrf2 and inhibits graft-versus-host-disease in a mouse model. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1555-1573. [PMID: 38281735 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents are required to moderate hyper-activation of lymphocytes under disease conditions or organ transplantation. However, selective disruption of mitochondrial redox has not been evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for suppression of T-cell-mediated pathologies. Using mitochondrial targeted curcumin (MitoC), we studied the effect of mitochondrial redox modulation on T-cell responses by flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics, and proteomics, and the role of Nrf2 was studied using Nrf2- /- mice. MitoC decreased mitochondrial TrxR activity, enhanced mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production, depleted mitochondrial glutathione, and suppressed activation-induced increase in mitochondrial biomass. This led to suppression of T-cell responses and metabolic reprogramming towards Treg differentiation. MitoC induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of Nrf2, leading to upregulation of Nrf2-dependent genes and proteins. MitoC-mediated changes in mitochondrial redox and modulation of T-cell responses are abolished in Nrf2- /- mice. Restoration of mitochondrial thiols abrogated inhibition of T-cell responses. MitoC suppressed alloantigen-induced lymphoblast formation, inflammatory cytokines, morbidity, and mortality in acute graft-versus-host disease mice. Disruption of mitochondrial thiols but not mROS increase inculcates an Nrf2-dependent immune-suppressive disposition in T cells for the propitious treatment of graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dievya Gohil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Binita K Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vaitashi Purohit
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Maikho Thoh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Kutala
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sejal Patwardhan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Manna S, Satpati AK, Patra CN, Tyagi AK. Enhancing the PEC Efficiency in the Perspective of Crystal Facet Engineering and Modulation of Surfaces. ACS Omega 2024; 9:6128-6146. [PMID: 38371841 PMCID: PMC10870357 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Generation of hydrogen is one of the most promising routes to harvest solar energy for its sustainable utilization. Among different routes, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) process to split water using solar light to produce hydrogen is the green method to generate hydrogen. The sluggish kinetics through complicated pathways makes the oxygen evolution reaction the rate limiting step of the overall water splitting process. Therefore, development of an efficient photoanode for the sustainable oxidation of water is most challenging in an efficient overall PEC water splitting process. The low solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency arises from the slow surface kinetics, poor hole diffusion, and fast charge recombination processes. There have been strategies to improve catalytic performances through the removal of such detrimental effects. The generation of engineered surfaces is one of the important strategies recently adopted for the enhancement of the catalytic efficiencies. The present review has been focused on the discussion of engineered surfaces using crystal facet engineering, protective surface layer, passivation using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, and cocatalyst modified surfaces to enhance the catalytic efficiency. Some of the important parameters defining catalyst performance are also discussed at the beginning of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Manna
- Analytical
Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Satpati
- Analytical
Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Chandra Nath Patra
- Analytical
Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Avesh Kumar Tyagi
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
- Chemistry
Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Ghosh S, Lee SJ, Hsu JC, Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Cai W. Cancer Brachytherapy at the Nanoscale: An Emerging Paradigm. Chem Biomed Imaging 2024; 2:4-26. [PMID: 38274040 PMCID: PMC10806911 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Brachytherapy is an established treatment modality that has been globally utilized for the therapy of malignant solid tumors. However, classic therapeutic sealed sources used in brachytherapy must be surgically implanted directly into the tumor site and removed after the requisite period of treatment. In order to avoid the trauma involved in the surgical procedures and prevent undesirable radioactive distribution at the cancerous site, well-dispersed radiolabeled nanomaterials are now being explored for brachytherapy applications. This emerging field has been coined "nanoscale brachytherapy". Despite present-day advancements, an ongoing challenge is obtaining an advanced, functional nanomaterial that concurrently incorporates features of high radiolabeling yield, short labeling time, good radiolabeling stability, and long tumor retention time without leakage of radioactivity to the nontargeted organs. Further, attachment of suitable targeting ligands to the nanoplatforms would widen the nanoscale brachytherapy approach to tumors expressing various phenotypes. Molecular imaging using radiolabeled nanoplatforms enables noninvasive visualization of cellular functions and biological processes in vivo. In vivo imaging also aids in visualizing the localization and retention of the radiolabeled nanoplatforms at the tumor site for the requisite time period to render safe and effective therapy. Herein, we review the advancements over the last several years in the synthesis and use of functionalized radiolabeled nanoplatforms as a noninvasive substitute to standard brachytherapy sources. The limitations of present-day brachytherapy sealed sources are analyzed, while highlighting the advantages of using radiolabeled nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose. The recent progress in the development of different radiolabeling methods, delivery techniques and nanoparticle internalization mechanisms are discussed. The preclinical studies performed to date are summarized with an emphasis on the current challenges toward the future translation of nanoscale brachytherapy in routine clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Ghosh
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sophia J. Lee
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jessica C. Hsu
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments
of Radiology and Medical Physics, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Dutta B, Shelar SB, Nirmalraj A, Gupta S, Barick KC, Gupta J, Hassan PA. Smart Magnetic Nanocarriers for Codelivery of Nitric Oxide and Doxorubicin for Enhanced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. ACS Omega 2023; 8:44545-44557. [PMID: 38046289 PMCID: PMC10688159 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Extremely short half-life therapeutic molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays significant roles in the functioning of various physiological and pathological processes in the human body, whereas doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is a clinically important anticancer drug widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Thus, the intracellular delivery of these therapeutic molecules is tremendously important to achieve their full potential. Herein, we report a novel approach for the development of highly water-dispersible magnetic nanocarriers for codelivery of NO and DOX. Primarily, bifunctional magnetic nanoparticles enriched with carboxyl and thiol groups were prepared by introducing cysteine onto the surface of citrate-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. DOX was electrostatically conjugated onto the surface of bifunctional nanoparticles via carboxyl moieties, whereas the thiol group was further nitrosated to provide NO-releasing molecules. The developed magnetic nanocarrier exhibited good aqueous colloidal stability, protein resistance behavior, and high encapsulation efficacy for NO (65.5%) and DOX (85%), as well as sustained release characteristics. Moreover, they showed superior cytotoxicity toward cancer (A549 and MCF-7) cells via apoptosis induction over normal (WI26VA4) cells. Specifically, we have developed magnetic nanocarriers having the capability of dual delivery of NO and DOX, which holds great potential for combinatorial cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijaideep Dutta
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sandeep B. Shelar
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ananya Nirmalraj
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed-to-be University), Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sonali Gupta
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kanhu C. Barick
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Jagriti Gupta
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Puthusserickal A. Hassan
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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6
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Shetake NG, Kumar A, Huilgol N, Pandey BN. Diagnostic potential of serum HSP90 beta for HNSCC and its therapeutic prognosis after local hyperthermia therapy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281919. [PMID: 37943802 PMCID: PMC10635538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present pilot study aims to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of serum HSP90 beta in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients subjected to localized hyperthermia therapy (HT). Serum levels of HSP90 beta were measured by ELISA and its diagnostic and prognostic efficacy was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. HNSCC patients showed significantly (P<0.05) higher serum levels of HSP90 beta (65.6±13.08 ng/ml) compared to Healthy Controls (HC: 23.5±3.8 ng/ml). No significant difference was observed in serum HSP90 beta levels between complete responders (CR) and non-responders (NR) in the chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) cohort. However, in CRT+HT cohort, CR showed significantly (P = 0.02) lower serum HSP90 beta levels at 24 h after HT (25.6±9.04 ng/ml) compared to NR (130.5±34.2 ng/ml). Youden's index values between HNSCC versus HC, CR versus NR (CRT) and CR versus NR (CRT+HT) were found to be 0.47, 0.45 and 0.80, respectively. Thus, alterations in the serum HSP90 beta after HT suggest its potential in prognosis of HT response in HNSCC patients. Elevated levels of HSP90 beta may serve as a promising diagnostic serum bio-marker for HNSCC. However, further validation in larger patient samples is needed for clinical translation of HSP90 beta as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena G. Shetake
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nagraj Huilgol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Balabhai Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Badri N. Pandey
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Nikalje GC, Srivastava AK, Shelake RM, Kadam US, Hong JC, Kim JY, Nikam TD, Suprasanna P. Profiling of conserved orthologs and miRNAs for understanding their role in salt tolerance mechanism of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9731-9738. [PMID: 37819497 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesuvium portulacastrum is a facultative halophyte capable of thriving in a saline environment. Despite molecular studies conducted to unravel its salt adaptation mechanism, there is a paucity of information on the role of salt-responsive orthologs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in this halophyte. Here, we searched the orthology to identify salt-responsive orthologs and miRNA targets of Sesuvium using the Arabidopsis genome. METHODS The relative fold change of orthologs, conserved miRNAs, and miRNA targets of Sesuvium was analyzed under 100 mM (LS) and 250 mM NaCl (HS) treatment at 24 h using qRT-PCR. The comparison between the expression of Sesuvium orthologs and Arabidopsis orthologs (Arabidopsis eFP browser database) was used to identify differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Upon salt treatment, we found that SpCIPK3 (1.95-fold in LS and 2.90-fold in HS) in Sesuvium roots, and SpNHX7 (1.61-fold in LS and 6.39-fold in HS) and, SpSTPK2 (2.54-fold in LS and 7.65-fold in HS) in Sesuvium leaves were upregulated in a salt concentration-specific manner. In Arabidopsis, these genes were either downregulated or did not show significant variation, implicating its significance in the halophytic nature of Sesuvium. Furthermore, miRNAs like miR394a, miR396a, and miR397a exhibited a negative correlation with their targets-Frigida interacting protein 1, Cysteine proteinases superfamily protein, and Putative laccase, respectively under different salt treatments. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the high salt tolerance in Sesuvium is associated with distinct transcriptional reprogramming, hence, to gain holistic mechanistic insights, global-scale profiling is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandrakant Nikalje
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
- Department of Botany, R. K. Talreja College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ulhasnagar, Thane, 421 003, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - T D Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India.
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Sharma A, Manna S, Kumar S, Satpati AK. Bismuth Vanadate and 3D Graphene Composite Photoanodes for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Water. ACS Omega 2023; 8:33452-33465. [PMID: 37744824 PMCID: PMC10515188 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has been one of the most promising photoanodes for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation process. Efforts are still on to overcome the drawbacks of this photoanode to enhance the catalytic efficiency and improve the stability. In the present work, three-dimensional graphene (3D-G) was incorporated inside the BiVO4 matrix, primarily to improve the conductivity of the material. The photoanodes are fabricated with the incorporation of a SnO2 heterojunction and application of cobalt borate (Co-Bi) as a cocatalyst. The incorporation of 3D-G has enhanced the photocurrent from 0.72 o 1.21 mA cm-2 in ITO/SnO2/BiVO4 and ITO/SnO2/3D-G-BiVO4 materials; the photocurrent has been improved from 0.89 to 1.52 mA cm-2 in ITO/SnO2/BiVO4/Co-Bi and ITO/SnO2/3D-G-BiVO4. Semiconductor properties are evaluated from the Mott-Schottky measurements, and the charge transfer and transport kinetics of the PEC process are measured from several photoelectrochemical investigations. Both the charge transport and the charge transfer efficiencies are enhanced upon inclusion of 3D-G into the catalyst system. The lifetime of the charge carrier is observed to be increased. The decrease in the decay kinetics of the holes, enhancement in the open-circuit photovoltage (OCPV), and the resulting modulation of the surface states are responsible for the enhancement in the surface charge transfer process due to the inclusion of 3D-G into the catalytic system. Therefore, the additional role of 3D-G in the modulation of the surface states and release of the Fermi level pinning has made the band alignment between the semiconductor and the analyte better, which resulted in enhanced catalytic performance in the photoelectrochemical oxidation of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Analytical
Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sudipa Manna
- Analytical
Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sriram Kumar
- Analytical
Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Satpati
- Analytical
Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Jain V, Saini D, Soren DC, Kumar VA, Vivek Kumar PR, Koya PKM, Jaikrishan G, Das B. Non-linear dose response of DNA double strand breaks in response to chronic low dose radiation in individuals from high level natural radiation areas of Kerala coast. Genes Environ 2023; 45:16. [PMID: 37127760 PMCID: PMC10150514 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human population living in high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) of Kerala coast provide unique opportunities to study the biological effects of low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation below 100 mGy. The level of radiation in this area varies from < 1.0 to 45 mGy/year. The areas with ≤ 1.50 mGy/year are considered as normal level natural radiation areas (NLNRA) and > 1.50 mGy/year, as high level natural radiation areas (HLNRA). The present study evaluated dose response relationship between DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and background radiation dose in individuals residing in Kerala coast. Venous blood samples were collected from 200 individuals belonging to NLNRA (n = 50) and four dose groups of HLNRA; 1.51-5.0 mGy/year (n = 50), 5.01-10.0 mGy/year (n = 30), 10.01-15.0 mGy/year (n = 33), > 15.0 mGy/year (n = 37) with written informed consent. The mean dose of NLNRA and four HLNRA dose groups studied are 1.21 ± 0.21 (range: 0.57-1.49), 3.02 ± 0.95 (range: 1.57-4.93), 7.43 ± 1.48 (range: 5.01-9.75), 12.22 ± 1.47 (range: 10.21-14.99), 21.64 ± 6.28 (range: 15.26-39.88) mGy/year, respectively. DNA DSBs were quantified using γH2AX as a marker, where foci were counted per cell using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Our results revealed that the frequency of γH2AX foci per cell was 0.090 ± 0.051 and 0.096 ± 0.051, respectively in NLNRA and HLNRA individuals, which were not significantly different (t198 = 0.33; P = 0.739). The frequency of γH2AX foci was observed to be 0.090 ± 0.051, 0.096 ± 0.051, 0.076 ± 0.036, 0.087 ± 0.042, 0.108 ± 0.046 per cell, respectively in different dose groups of ≤ 1.50, 1.51-5.0, 5.01-10.0, 10.01-15.0, > 15.0mGy/year (ANOVA, F4,195 = 2.18, P = 0.072) and suggested non-linearity in dose response. The frequency of γH2AX foci was observed to be 0.098 ± 0.042, 0.078 ± 0.037, 0.084 ± 0.042, 0.099 ± 0.058, 0.097 ± 0.06 and 0.114 ± 0.033 per cell in the age groups of ≤ 29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49 and ≥ 50 years, respectively (ANOVA, F5,194 = 2.17, P = 0.059), which suggested marginal influence of age on the baseline of DSBs. Personal habits such as smoking (No v/s Yes: 0.092 ± 0.047 v/s 0.093 ± 0.048, t198 = 0.13; P = 0.895) and drinking alcohol (No v/s Yes: 0.096 ± 0.052 v/s 0.091 ± 0.045, t198 = 0.62; P = 0.538) did not show any influence on DSBs in the population. CONCLUSION The present study did not show any increase in DSBs in different dose groups of HLNRA compared to NLNRA, however, it suggested a non-linear dose response between DNA DSBs and chronic low dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Jain
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Divyalakshmi Saini
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - D C Soren
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - P R Vivek Kumar
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, LLRRS, RB&HSD, BSG, BARC, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam, Kerala, 691 001, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - P K M Koya
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, LLRRS, RB&HSD, BSG, BARC, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam, Kerala, 691 001, India
| | - G Jaikrishan
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, LLRRS, RB&HSD, BSG, BARC, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam, Kerala, 691 001, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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Bhangare RC, Tiwari M, Ajmal PY, Rathod TD, Sahu SK. Exudation of microplastics from commonly used face masks in COVID-19 pandemic. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:35258-35268. [PMID: 36527557 PMCID: PMC9758682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced use of face masks up to billions of masks per day globally. Though an important and necessary measure for control of the pandemic, use of masks also poses some inherent risks. One of those risks is inhalation of microplastics released from the mask materials. Since most of the mask materials are made from plastic/polymers, they always have the potential to expose the user to fragmented microplastics. To estimate the amount of inhalable microplastic exuded from masks, an experiment simulating real-life scenario of mask usage was performed. The study included collection of microplastics oozed out from the masks on to a filter paper followed by staining and fluorescence detection of the total number of microplastics using a microscope. Both used and new masks were studied. Based on the emission wavelength, the microplastics were found to be belonging to three different categories, namely blue, green and red emitting microplastics respectively. The number of microplastic particles emitted per mask over a period of usage of 8 h was about 5000 to 9000 for new masks and about 6500 to 15,000 for used masks respectively. The estimation of polymer type of plastic in the mask fabrics was also carried out using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul C Bhangare
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Mahesh Tiwari
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Puthiyaveettilparambu Yousuf Ajmal
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Tejas D Rathod
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sanjay K Sahu
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Health Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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Patwardhan RS, Kundu K, Purohit V, Kumar BK, Singh B, Thoh M, Undavia K, Bhilwade HN, Nayak SK, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Malabaricone C, a constituent of spice Myristica malabarica, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects via modulation of cellular redox. J Biosci 2023. [PMID: 36971326 PMCID: PMC10040911 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-023-00329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study primarily focuses on the efficacy of Malabaricone C (Mal C) as an anti-inflammatory agent. Mal C inhibited mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Mal C significantly reduced cellular thiols in lymphocytes. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) restored cellular thiol levels and abrogated Mal C-mediated inhibition of T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Physical interaction between Mal C and NAC was evinced from HPLC and spectral analysis. Mal C treatment significantly inhibited concanavalin A-induced phosphorylation of ERK/JNK and DNA binding of NF-κB. Administration of Mal C to mice suppressed T-cell proliferation and effector functions ex vivo. Mal C treatment did not alter the homeostatic proliferation of T-cells in vivo but completely abrogated acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)-associated morbidity and mortality. Our studies indicate probable use of Mal C for prophylaxis and treatment of immunological disorders caused due to hyper-activation of T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Kshama Kundu
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Vaitashi Purohit
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Binita Kislay Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Beena Singh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Maikho Thoh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Khushboo Undavia
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Hari N Bhilwade
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Sandip K Nayak
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
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12
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Shelke S, Das B. Radio-adaptive response and correlation of non-homologous end joining repair gene polymorphisms [XRRC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R), XRCC6(C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T)] in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to gamma radiation. Genes Environ 2021; 43:9. [PMID: 33685509 PMCID: PMC7938547 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radio-adaptive response (RAR) is transient phenomena, where cells conditioned with a small dose (priming) of ionizing radiation shows significantly reduced DNA damage with a subsequent high challenging dose. The role of DNA double strand break repair gene polymorphism in RAR is not known. In the present study attempt was made to find out the influence of NHEJ repair gene polymorphisms [a VNTR; XRCC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R); two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); XRCC6 (C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T)] with DNA damage, repair and mRNA expression in human PBMCs in dose and adaptive response studies. Genomic DNA extracted from venous blood samples of 20 random healthy donors (16 adaptive and 4 non-adaptive) and genotyping of NHEJ repair genes was carried out using PCR amplified length polymorphism. RESULTS The dose response study revealed significant positive correlation of genotypes at XRRC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R), XRCC6(C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T) with DNA damage. Donors having genotypes with 2R allele at XRCC5 showed significant positive correlation with mRNA expression level (0R/2R: r = 0.846, P = 0.034; 1R/2R: r = 0.698, P = 0.0001 and 2R/2R: r = 0.831, P = 0.0001) for dose response. Genotypes C/C and C/G of XRCC6 showed a significant positive correlation (P = 0.0001), whereas, genotype T/T of XRCC7 showed significant negative correlation (r = - 0.376, P = 0.041) with mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Interestingly, adaptive donors having C/G genotype of XRCC6 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) mRNA expression level in primed cells suggesting their role in RAR. In addition, NHEJ repair gene polymorphisms play crucial role with radio-sensitivity and RAR in human PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridevi Shelke
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Mukherjee S, Pathak N, Das D, Dutta D. Engineering defect clusters in distorted NaMgF 3 perovskite and their important roles in tuning the emission characteristics of Eu 3+ dopant ion. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5815-5831. [PMID: 35423077 PMCID: PMC8694733 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An attempt has been made to explore various new defect clusters in distorted NaMgF3 perovskite and their important role in tuning optical properties. We have tried to tailor the defect clusters and to understand the impact on the luminescence of the lanthanide, for example the Eu3+ ion. Defect engineering has been carried out by doping aliovalent dopant ions to create a charge imbalance in the matrix, which in turn led to the creation of various mono-, di- and new cluster vacancies. Such vacancies have been characterized by Electron Para-magnetic Resonance (EPR), Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) and Photoluminescence (PL) studies. The PALS data of both undoped and Eu3+ doped compounds confirmed that in addition to Mg mono vacancies, cluster vacancies with different configurations comprising Mg, Na and F atom vacancies also exist in the matrix. The PL study revealed that depending on the surrounding defect structure, three different types of Eu3+ components can be created. The position of the Eu3+ ion with respect to these cluster vacancies determines the respective emission profiles and the decay kinetics. It has been found that when Li+ ions are co-doped with Eu3+, there is a sudden change in the decay kinetics and the emission profiles. The PALS study revealed that Li+ co-doping modified the configuration of the vacancy clusters, which in turn changes the emission characteristics. The EPR study confirmed the presence of different types of F-centers (F, F2, etc.) which are responsible for the host emission. Overall, this new study will be very helpful for a detailed understanding of the defect structures, in particular the cluster vacancies in distorted NaMgF3 perovskite, which have a direct or indirect impact on many physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Mukherjee
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai-400085 India
| | - Nimai Pathak
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India +91-22-25405151 +91-22-25590715 ext. 0636
| | - Debarati Das
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India +91-22-25405151 +91-22-25590715 ext. 0636
| | - Dhanadeep Dutta
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India +91-22-25405151 +91-22-25590715 ext. 0636
- Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai-400085 India
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14
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Toprani SM, Das B. Radio-adaptive response, individual radio-sensitivity and correlation of base excision repair gene polymorphism (hOGG1, APE1, XRCC1, and LIGASE1) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to gamma radiation. Environ Mol Mutagen 2020; 61:551-559. [PMID: 32324932 DOI: 10.1002/em.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radio-adaptive response (RAR) is a biological mechanism, where cells primed with a low dose exhibit reduced DNA damage with a high challenging dose. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNA repair genes including base excision repair (BER) pathway are known to be associated with radio-sensitivity but involvement in RAR is not yet understood. In the present study, attempt was made to correlate genotype frequencies of four BER SNPs [hOGG1(Ser326Cys), XRCC1(Arg399Gln), APE1(Asp148Glu) and LIGASE1(A/C)] with DNA damage, repair and mRNA expression level among 20 healthy donors (12 adaptive and 8 nonadaptive). Our results revealed that LIGASE1 (p = .002) showed significant correlation with DNA damage and mRNA expression level with increasing dose. hOGG1 (Ser326Cys), XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and LIGASE1(A/C) polymorphisms showed significant difference with DNA damage (%T) and mRNA expression profile in primed cells among adaptive donors. In conclusion, BER gene polymorphisms play important role in identifying donors with radio-sensitivity and RAR in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh M Toprani
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Murthy V, Mallick I, Gavarraju A, Sinha S, Krishnatry R, Telkhade T, Moses A, Kannan S, Prakash G, Pal M, Menon S, Popat P, Rangarajan V, Agarwal A, Kulkarni S, Bakshi G. Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of prostate radiotherapy in high-risk and node-positive disease comparing moderate and extreme hypofractionation (PRIME TRIAL). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034623. [PMID: 32114475 PMCID: PMC7050316 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an interest in studying the efficacy of extreme hypofractionation in low and intermediate risk prostate cancer utilising the low alpha/beta ratio of prostate. Its role in high-risk and node-positive prostate cancer, however, is unknown. We hypothesise that a five-fraction schedule of extreme hypofractionation will be non-inferior to a moderately hypofractionated regimen over 5 weeks in efficacy and will have acceptable toxicity and quality of life while reducing the cost implications during treatment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an ongoing, non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised trial (NCT03561961) of two schedules for National Cancer Control Network high-risk and/or node-positive non-metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. The standard arm will be a schedule of 68 Gy/25# over 5 weeks while the test arm will be extremely hypofractionated radiotherapy with stereotactic body radiation therapy to 36.25 Gy/5# (7 to 10 days). The block randomisation will be stratified by nodal status (N0/N+), hormonal therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone therapy/orchiectomy) and centre. All patients will receive daily image-guided radiotherapy.The primary end point is 4-year biochemical failure free survival (BFFS). The power calculations assume 4-year BFFS of 80% in the moderate hypofractionation arm. With a 5% one-sided significance and 80% power, a total of 434 patients will be randomised to both arms equally (217 in each arm). The secondary end points include overall survival, prostate cancer specific survival, acute and late toxicities, quality of life and out-of-pocket expenditure. DISCUSSION The trial aims to establish a therapeutically efficacious and cost-efficient modality for high-risk and node-positive prostate cancer with an acceptable toxicity profile. Presently, this is the only trial evaluating and answering such a question in this cohort. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial has been approved by IEC-III of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Registered with CTRI/2018/05/014054 (http://ctri.nic.in) on 24 May 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedang Murthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Indranil Mallick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Shwetabh Sinha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Krishnatry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Tejshri Telkhade
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Arunsingh Moses
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Sadhna Kannan
- Clinical Research Secretariat, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Gagan Prakash
- Division of Uro-Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Mahendra Pal
- Division of Uro-Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Palak Popat
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Venkatesh Rangarajan
- Department of Nuclear Imaging and Bio imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Archi Agarwal
- Department of Nuclear Imaging and Bio imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sheetal Kulkarni
- Clinical Research Secretariat, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ganesh Bakshi
- Division of Uro-Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
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Tak H, Negi S, Ganapathi TR. Overexpression of MusaMYB31, a R2R3 type MYB transcription factor gene indicate its role as a negative regulator of lignin biosynthesis in banana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172695. [PMID: 28234982 PMCID: PMC5325293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin and polyphenols are important cellular components biosynthesized through phenylpropanoid pathway. Phenylpropanoid pathway in plants is regulated by some important transcription factors including R2R3 MYB transcription factors. In this study, we report the cloning and functional characterization of a banana R2R3-MYB transcription factor (MusaMYB31) by overexpression in transgenic banana plants and evaluated its potential role in regulating biosynthesis of lignin and polyphenols. Sequence analysis of MusaMYB31 indicated its clustering with members of subgroup 4 (Sg4) of R2R3MYB family which are well known for their role as repressors of lignin biosynthesis. Expression analysis indicated higher expression of MusaMYB31 in corm and root tissue, known for presence of highly lignified tissue than other organs of banana. Overexpression of MusaMYB31 in banana cultivar Rasthali was carried out and four transgenic lines were confirmed by GUS histochemical staining, PCR analysis and Southern blot. Histological and biochemical analysis suggested reduction of cell wall lignin in vascular elements of banana. Transgenic lines showed alteration in transcript levels of general phenylpropanoid pathway genes including lignin biosynthesis pathway genes. Reduction of total polyphenols content in transgenic lines was in line with the observation related to repression of general phenylpropanoid pathway genes. This study suggested the potential role of MusaMYB31 as repressor of lignin and polyphenols biosynthesis in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Tak
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjana Negi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - T. R. Ganapathi
- Plant Cell Culture Technology Section, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Desai S, Srambikkal N, Yadav HD, Shetake N, Balla MMS, Kumar A, Ray P, Ghosh A, Pandey BN. Molecular Understanding of Growth Inhibitory Effect from Irradiated to Bystander Tumor Cells in Mouse Fibrosarcoma Tumor Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161662. [PMID: 27561007 PMCID: PMC4999205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though bystander effects pertaining to radiation risk assessment has been extensively studied, the molecular players of radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) in the context of cancer radiotherapy are poorly known. In this regard, the present study is aimed to investigate the effect of irradiated tumor cells on the bystander counterparts in mouse fibrosarcoma (WEHI 164 cells) tumor model. Mice co-implanted with WEHI 164 cells γ-irradiated with a lethal dose of 15 Gy and unirradiated (bystander) WEHI 164 cells showed inhibited tumor growth, which was measured in terms of tumor volume and Luc+WEHI 164 cells based bioluminescence in vivo imaging. Histopathological analysis and other assays revealed decreased mitotic index, increased apoptosis and senescence in these tumor tissues. In addition, poor angiogenesis was observed in these tumor tissues, which was further confirmed by fluorescence imaging of tumor vascularisation and CD31 expression by immuno-histochemistry. Interestingly, the growth inhibitory bystander effect was exerted more prominently by soluble factors obtained from the irradiated tumor cells than the cellular fraction. Cytokine profiling of the supernatants obtained from the irradiated tumor cells showed increased levels of VEGF, Rantes, PDGF, GMCSF and IL-2 and decreased levels of IL-6 and SCF. Comparative proteomic analysis of the supernatants from the irradiated tumor cells showed differential expression of total 24 protein spots (21 up- and 3 down-regulated) when compared with the supernatant from the unirradiated control cells. The proteins which showed substantially higher level in the supernatant from the irradiated cells included diphosphate kinase B, heat shock cognate, annexin A1, angiopoietin-2, actin (cytoplasmic 1/2) and stress induced phosphoprotein 1. However, the levels of proteins like annexin A2, protein S100 A4 and cofilin was found to be lower in this supernatant. In conclusion, our results provided deeper insight about the damaging RIBE in an in vivo tumor model, which may have significant implication in improvement of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Desai
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishad Srambikkal
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hansa D. Yadav
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neena Shetake
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murali M. S. Balla
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Advanced Centre for Training, Research and Education of Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anu Ghosh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - B. N. Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail: ;
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