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Sugiura Y, Fujimoto H, Hashizume T, Ogura G, Nemoto E. An entire clinical course of mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma treated by surgery and radiation. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 66:748-752. [PMID: 29748938 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-018-0935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A woman in her 70s with an 8.6-cm tumor in the anterior mediastinum underwent tumor excision by median sternotomy, which combined resection of the fifth and sixth ribs. The pathological diagnosis was myxofibrosarcoma, and pathologically curative resection was accomplished. Local recurrence was detected at 10, 19, 23 and 28 months after the initial surgery. After repeated surgical resection, radiation therapy for the fourth unresectable recurrence resulted in failure. She died 34 months after the initial surgery. There have been 3 case reports of mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma. With regard to prognosis, control over local recurrence by surgical resection might be essential to achieve a long survival. However, the clinical course of mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma has not been reported in detail. This is the first description on the entire clinical course of mediastinal myxofibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasoo Sugiura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa National Hospital, 666-1 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Fujimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa National Hospital, 666-1 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8585, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hashizume
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa National Hospital, 666-1 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8585, Japan
| | - Go Ogura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Etsuo Nemoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa National Hospital, 666-1 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-8585, Japan
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Fix SM, Papadopoulou V, Velds H, Kasoji SK, Rivera JN, Borden MA, Chang S, Dayton PA. Oxygen microbubbles improve radiotherapy tumor control in a rat fibrosarcoma model - A preliminary study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195667. [PMID: 29630640 PMCID: PMC5891067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer affects 39.6% of Americans at some point during their lifetime. Solid tumor microenvironments are characterized by a disorganized, leaky vasculature that promotes regions of low oxygenation (hypoxia). Tumor hypoxia is a key predictor of poor treatment outcome for all radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy and surgery procedures, and is a hallmark of metastatic potential. In particular, the radiation therapy dose needed to achieve the same tumor control probability in hypoxic tissue as in normoxic tissue can be up to 3 times higher. Even very small tumors (<2-3 mm3) comprise 10-30% of hypoxic regions in the form of chronic and/or transient hypoxia fluctuating over the course of seconds to days. We investigate the potential of recently developed lipid-stabilized oxygen microbubbles (OMBs) to improve the therapeutic ratio of RT. OMBs, but not nitrogen microbubbles (NMBs), are shown to significantly increase dissolved oxygen content when added to water in vitro and increase tumor oxygen levels in vivo in a rat fibrosarcoma model. Tumor control is significantly improved with OMB but not NMB intra-tumoral injections immediately prior to RT treatment and effect size is shown to depend on initial tumor volume on RT treatment day, as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Fix
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Virginie Papadopoulou
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hunter Velds
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sandeep K. Kasoji
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Judith N. Rivera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Borden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Sha Chang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and NC State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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3
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Desai S, Srambikkal N, Yadav HD, Shetake N, Balla MMS, Kumar A, Ray P, Ghosh A, Pandey BN. Molecular Understanding of Growth Inhibitory Effect from Irradiated to Bystander Tumor Cells in Mouse Fibrosarcoma Tumor Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161662. [PMID: 27561007 PMCID: PMC4999205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though bystander effects pertaining to radiation risk assessment has been extensively studied, the molecular players of radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE) in the context of cancer radiotherapy are poorly known. In this regard, the present study is aimed to investigate the effect of irradiated tumor cells on the bystander counterparts in mouse fibrosarcoma (WEHI 164 cells) tumor model. Mice co-implanted with WEHI 164 cells γ-irradiated with a lethal dose of 15 Gy and unirradiated (bystander) WEHI 164 cells showed inhibited tumor growth, which was measured in terms of tumor volume and Luc+WEHI 164 cells based bioluminescence in vivo imaging. Histopathological analysis and other assays revealed decreased mitotic index, increased apoptosis and senescence in these tumor tissues. In addition, poor angiogenesis was observed in these tumor tissues, which was further confirmed by fluorescence imaging of tumor vascularisation and CD31 expression by immuno-histochemistry. Interestingly, the growth inhibitory bystander effect was exerted more prominently by soluble factors obtained from the irradiated tumor cells than the cellular fraction. Cytokine profiling of the supernatants obtained from the irradiated tumor cells showed increased levels of VEGF, Rantes, PDGF, GMCSF and IL-2 and decreased levels of IL-6 and SCF. Comparative proteomic analysis of the supernatants from the irradiated tumor cells showed differential expression of total 24 protein spots (21 up- and 3 down-regulated) when compared with the supernatant from the unirradiated control cells. The proteins which showed substantially higher level in the supernatant from the irradiated cells included diphosphate kinase B, heat shock cognate, annexin A1, angiopoietin-2, actin (cytoplasmic 1/2) and stress induced phosphoprotein 1. However, the levels of proteins like annexin A2, protein S100 A4 and cofilin was found to be lower in this supernatant. In conclusion, our results provided deeper insight about the damaging RIBE in an in vivo tumor model, which may have significant implication in improvement of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Desai
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishad Srambikkal
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hansa D. Yadav
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neena Shetake
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murali M. S. Balla
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Advanced Centre for Training, Research and Education of Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anu Ghosh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - B. N. Pandey
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail: ;
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Imanishi J, Slavin J, Pianta M, Jackett L, Ngan SY, Tanaka T, Charoenlap C, DI Bella C, Choong PFM. Tail of Superficial Myxofibrosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma After Preoperative Radiotherapy. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:2339-2344. [PMID: 27127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Superficial myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) are highly associated with infiltrative growth (tail sign) and local recurrence, but the impact of preoperative radiotherapy is uncertain. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight consecutive superficial MFS and 10 superficial UPS cases treated with preoperative radiotherapy and surgery were reviewed. Pathological response, surgical margin and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively evaluated. Oncological events were reported in a descriptive form. RESULTS Pathologically, nearly-complete response was observed in six UPS cases. Tail sign was pathologically detected in 13 cases, eight of which remained viable. Among the eight cases with viable tail, three cases, including two with positive margin, locally recurred. No major discrepancy was observed between tail length on pre-treatment T1-weighted post-contrast, fat-saturated MRI and pathological tail length. CONCLUSION Tail of superficial MFS and UPS can retain viability even after radiotherapy and cause local recurrence unless they respond to radiotherapy well. Wider resection including the tail on MRI is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungo Imanishi
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Slavin
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus Pianta
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Jackett
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel Y Ngan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takaaki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Charoenlap
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia DI Bella
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter F M Choong
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Unit, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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MEHIBEL MANAL, SINGH SIMENDRA, COWEN RACHELL, WILLIAMS KAYEJ, STRATFORD IANJ. Radiation enhances the therapeutic effect of Banoxantrone in hypoxic tumour cells with elevated levels of nitric oxide synthase. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1925-32. [PMID: 26782976 PMCID: PMC4774668 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Banoxantrone (AQ4N) is a prototype hypoxia selective cytotoxin that is activated by haem containing reductases such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In the present study, we evaluate whether elevated levels of iNOS in human tumour cells will improve their sensitivity to AQ4N. Further, we examine the potential of radiation to increase cellular toxicity of AQ4N under normoxic (aerobic) and hypoxic conditions. We employed an expression vector containing the cDNA for human iNOS to transfect human fibrosarcoma HT1080 tumour cells. Alternatively, parental cells were exposed to a cytokine cocktail to induce iNOS gene expression and enzymatic activity. The cells were then treated with AQ4N alone and in combination with radiation in the presence or absence of the iNOS inhibitor N-methyl-L‑arginine. In parental cells, AQ4N showed little difference in toxicity under hypoxic verses normoxic conditions. Notably, cells with upregulated iNOS activity showed a significant increase in sensitivity to AQ4N, but only under conditions of reduced oxygenation. When these cells were exposed to the combination of AQ4N and radiation, there was much greater cell killing than that observed with either modality alone. In the clinical development of hypoxia selective cytotoxins it is likely they will be used in combination with radiotherapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that AQ4N can selectively kill hypoxic cells via an iNOS-dependent mechanism. This hypoxia-selective effect can be augmented by combining AQ4N with radiation without increasing cytotoxicity to well‑oxygenated tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting hypoxic tumours with high levels of iNOS with a combination of AQ4N and radiotherapy could be a useful clinical therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- MANAL MEHIBEL
- Experimental Oncology Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - SIMENDRA SINGH
- Experimental Oncology Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - RACHEL L. COWEN
- Experimental Oncology Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - KAYE J. WILLIAMS
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - IAN J. STRATFORD
- Experimental Oncology Group, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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6
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Ma W, Shao Y, Yang W, Li G, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zuo C, Chen K, Wang J. Evaluation of (188)Re-labeled NGR-VEGI protein for radioimaging and radiotherapy in mice bearing human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 xenografts. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9121-9. [PMID: 26768609 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) is an anti-angiogenic protein, which includes three isoforms: VEGI-174, VEGI-192, and VEGI-251. The NGR (asparagine-glycine-arginine)-containing peptides can specifically bind to CD13 (Aminopeptidase N) receptor which is overexpressed in angiogenic blood vessels and tumor cells. In this study, a novel NGR-VEGI fusion protein was prepared and labeled with (188)Re for radioimaging and radiotherapy in mice bearing human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 xenografts. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging results revealed that (188)Re-NGR-VEGI exhibits good tumor-to-background contrast in CD13-positive HT-1080 tumor xenografts. The CD13 specificity of (188)Re-NGR-VEGI was further verified by significant reduction of tumor uptake in HT-1080 tumor xenografts with co-injection of the non-radiolabeled NGR-VEGI protein. The biodistribution results demonstrated good tumor-to-muscle ratio (4.98 ± 0.25) of (188)Re-NGR-VEGI at 24 h, which is consistent with the results from SPECT imaging. For radiotherapy, 18.5 MBq of (188)Re-NGR-VEGI showed excellent tumor inhibition effect in HT-1080 tumor xenografts with no observable toxicity, which was confirmed by the tumor size change and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of major mouse organs. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that (188)Re-NGR-VEGI has the potential as a theranostic agent for CD13-targeted tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033-9061, USA
| | - Yahui Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Guiyu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingru Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033-9061, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Dewhirst MW, Sim DA. Analysis of prognostic variables which influence early and long-term response of pet animal tumors to radiation alone and radiation plus heat. Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2015; 18:47-55. [PMID: 6423454 DOI: 10.1159/000429199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Urano M, Kahn J, Booth A, Todoroki T. Fractionated hyperthermia given alone or with radiation. Front Radiat Ther Oncol 2015; 18:41-6. [PMID: 6706137 DOI: 10.1159/000429198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Davis RK. Photodynamic therapy in head and neck cancer. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 49:58-62. [PMID: 7653387 DOI: 10.1159/000424340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R K Davis
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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10
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Bhadwal M, Mittal S, Das T, Sarma HD, Chakraborty S, Banerjee S, Pillai MR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-porphyrin conjugate: a potential agent for targeted tumor radiotherapy detection. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 58:224-233. [PMID: 24231798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel unsymmetrically substituted water soluble porphyrin derivative namely, 5-(p-amino-propylene--oxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(p-carboxy-methyl-ene-oxyphenyl)porphyrin was synthesized and coupled with a bifunctional chelating agent, viz. p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA (p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetra-aza-cyclodo-decane-1,4,7,10-tetra-acetic acid) for developing a suitable conjugate for use in targeted tumor therapy. The porphyrin-p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA conjugate was radiolabeled with 177Lu in good radiolabeling yield. Biodistribution studies performed in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors revealed high tumor uptake (5.33±1.11% injected activity per gm of tumor) within 30 min post-injection. The complex exhibited favorable tumor to blood and tumor to muscle ratios at various post-administration time points. Fast clearance of the non-accumulated activity was observed mostly through the renal pathway. Scintigraphic imaging studies performed in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors also exhibited selective accumulation of activity in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhadwal
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai India -
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11
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Stancevic B, Varda-Bloom N, Cheng J, Fuller JD, Rotolo JA, García-Barros M, Feldman R, Rao S, Weichselbaum RR, Harats D, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Fuks Z, Sadelain M, Kolesnick R. Adenoviral transduction of human acid sphingomyelinase into neo-angiogenic endothelium radiosensitizes tumor cure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69025. [PMID: 23936314 PMCID: PMC3732255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
These studies define a new mechanism-based approach to radiosensitize tumor cure by single dose radiotherapy (SDRT). Published evidence indicates that SDRT induces acute microvascular endothelial apoptosis initiated via acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) translocation to the external plasma membrane. Ensuing microvascular damage regulates radiation lethality of tumor stem cell clonogens to effect tumor cure. Based on this biology, we engineered an ASMase-producing vector consisting of a modified pre-proendothelin-1 promoter, PPE1(3x), and a hypoxia-inducible dual-binding HIF-2α-Ets-1 enhancer element upstream of the asmase gene, inserted into a replication-deficient adenovirus yielding the vector Ad5H2E-PPE1(3x)-ASMase. This vector confers ASMase over-expression in cycling angiogenic endothelium in vitro and within tumors in vivo, with no detectable enhancement in endothelium of normal tissues that exhibit a minute fraction of cycling cells or in non-endothelial tumor or normal tissue cells. Intravenous pretreatment with Ad5H2E-PPE1(3x)-ASMase markedly increases SDRT cure of inherently radiosensitive MCA/129 fibrosarcomas, and converts radiation-incurable B16 melanomas into biopsy-proven tumor cures. In contrast, Ad5H2E-PPE1(3x)-ASMase treatment did not impact radiation damage to small intestinal crypts as non-dividing small intestinal microvessels did not overexpress ASMase and were not radiosensitized. We posit that combination of genetic up-regulation of tumor microvascular ASMase and SDRT provides therapeutic options for currently radiation-incurable human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Stancevic
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nira Varda-Bloom
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jin Cheng
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John D. Fuller
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jimmy A. Rotolo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mónica García-Barros
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Regina Feldman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shyam Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ralph R. Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, and the Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zvi Fuks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Ichinohe K, Kobayakawa M. Palliation of recurrent myxofibrosarcoma with radiotherapy and hyperthermia. Singapore Med J 2010; 51:e187-e190. [PMID: 21140105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare biologically and histologically heterogeneous neoplasms that may arise throughout the body. The preferred treatment is total resection with a sufficient margin. Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy offers another treatment option, but its effectiveness is limited. Hyperthermia, a treatment method that heats tumour tissue by exposing the target tissues to conductive heat sources or non-ionising radiation, is known to enhance the effect of radiotherapy. We report a case of an elderly man with a second recurrent myxofibrosarcoma in the left groin, who responded well to radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia. This combination treatment was effective in maintaining the patient's quality of life during his remaining years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ichinohe
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fukuroi Municipal Hospital, Fukuroi, Shizuoka, Japan.
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13
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Sakata K, Okada S, Majima H, Suzuki N. Linear Quadratic Model of Radiocurability on Multicellular Spheroids of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma LCT1 and Mouse Fibrosarcoma FSA. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 61:269-74. [PMID: 1351915 DOI: 10.1080/09553009214550901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The LCT1 cells derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma and the FSA cells from a mouse fibrosarcoma were found to form spheroids. The cure-dose relationship of spheroids and the survival curves of their component cells were analysed by using a linear-quadratic model for cell survival and a Poisson distribution for cure. The analysis resulted in three conclusions: (1) the double minus logarithm of cure probability was linearly related to radiation dose, (2) the critical cell number was constant at any given cure probability, and (3) cellular radiosensitivity was also constant. The experiments seem to meet these conditions for each of two kinds of spheroids. Control doses (50%) were 20 Gy for LCT1 spheroids and 21 Gy for FSA spheroids, both 400 microns in diameter. The analysis showed that the lower cellular radiosensitivity and the higher number of clonogenic cells made LCT1 spheroids more radioresistant than FSA spheroids and that the higher critical number of 130 cells made the LCT1 spheroids more sensitive than the FSA spheroids with 18 such cells. The overall radiocurability of spheroids was a result of these three opposing effects, indicating that the critical cell number can be one important factor in determining the radiocurability of multicellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakata
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Yeo CK. Fibrosarcoma of the thyroid gland. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 38:E39-E41. [PMID: 19442352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ki Yeo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dong San Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Jurin A, Jukić T, Ivanković S, Jurin M. Metastases development following local tumour treatment. Folia Biol (Praha) 2009; 55:177-182. [PMID: 19863845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transplantable mouse methylcholanthrene- induced fibrosarcoma (CMC4 tumour growing in CBA/HZgr mice), characterized by lung metastases developing shortly after local tumour cell transplantation, was used as an experimental model to investigate the problem of tumour metastases after local tumour treatment. Surgery and/or irradiation were performed on locally growing tumour of particular size. Further, heavily irradiated, viable but not dividing tumour cells, imitating the situation in treated tumour-bearing organism, were injected intraperitoneally in a parallel group of treated tumour-bearing mice. The animals were killed 35 days after tumour transplantation and the number and volume of lung metastases were determined. Depending on the treatment performed, when the tumour mass was reduced or even eliminated, the number of lung metastases and their volume were significantly lower than in control mice, but the addition of tumour mass (injection of heavily irradiated tumour cells) resulted in a significant increase in lung metastases parameters, pointing to a possible role of the host's immune reaction against the tumour. Further, the release of a simple molecule, such as nitric oxide, from tumour mass seems to be detrimental for the survival of tumour cells and subsequently their metastases through the induction of angiogenesis and possible suppression of immune reaction. Thus, complex mechanisms could be involved when a locally growing tumour is exposed to a particular therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jurin
- County Hospital Cakovec, Cakovec, Croatia.
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Henning EC, Azuma C, Sotak CH, Helmer KG. Multispectral tissue characterization in a RIF-1 tumor model: monitoring the ADC and T2 responses to single-dose radiotherapy. Part II. Magn Reson Med 2007; 57:513-9. [PMID: 17326182 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A multispectral (MS) approach that combines apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T(2) parameter maps with k-means (KM) clustering was employed to distinguish multiple compartments within viable tumor tissue (V1 and V2) and necrosis (N1 and N2) following single-dose (1000 cGy) radiotherapy in a radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) tumor model. The contributions of cell kill and tumor growth kinetics to the radiotherapy-induced response were investigated. A larger pretreatment V1 volume was correlated with decreased tumor growth delay (TGD) (r = 0.68) and cell kill (r = 0.71). There was no correlation for the pretreatment V2 volume. These results suggest that V1 tissue is well oxygenated and radiosensitive, whereas V2 tissue is hypoxic and therefore radioresistant. The relationship between an early ADC response and vasogenic edema and formation of necrosis was investigated. A trend for increased ADC was observed prior to an increase in the necrotic fraction (NF). Because there were no changes in T(2), these observations suggest that the early increase in ADC is more likely based on a slight reduction in cell density, rather than radiation-induced vasogenic edema. Quantitative assessments of individual tissue regions, tumor growth kinetics, and cell kill should provide a more accurate means of monitoring therapy in preclinical animal models because such assessments can minimize the issue of intertumor variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Henning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Henning EC, Azuma C, Sotak CH, Helmer KG. Multispectral quantification of tissue types in a RIF-1 tumor model with histological validation. Part I. Magn Reson Med 2007; 57:501-12. [PMID: 17326181 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assessments of therapeutic efficacy are confounded by intra- and intertumor heterogeneity. To address this issue we employed multispectral (MS) analysis using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T(2), proton density (M(0)), and k-means (KM) clustering algorithm to identify multiple compartments within both viable and necrotic tissue in a radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) tumor model receiving single-dose (1000 cGy) radiotherapy. Optimization of the KM method was achieved through histological validation by hematoxylin-eosin (H& and E) staining and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) immunohistochemistry. The optimum KM method was determined to be a two-feature (ADC, T(2)) and four-cluster (two clusters each of viable tissue and necrosis) segmentation. KM volume estimates for both viable (r = 0.94, P < 0.01) and necrotic (r = 0.69, P = 0.07) tissue were highly correlated with their H&E counterparts. HIF-1alpha immunohistochemistry showed that the intensity of HIF-1alpha expression tended to be concentrated in perinecrotic regions, supporting the subdivision of the viable tissue into well-oxygenated and hypoxic regions. Since both necrosis and hypoxia have been implicated in poor treatment response and reduced patient survival, the ability to quantify the degree of necrosis and the severity of hypoxia with this method may aid in the planning and modification of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Henning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Reelfs O, Xu YZ, Massey A, Karran P, Storey A. Thiothymidine plus low-dose UVA kills hyperproliferative human skin cells independently of their human papilloma virus status. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:2487-95. [PMID: 17876046 PMCID: PMC2423463 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The thymidine analogue 4-thiothymidine (S(4)TdR) is a photosensitizer for UVA radiation. The UV absorbance spectrum of S(4)TdR and its incorporation into DNA suggests that it might act synergistically with nonlethal doses of UVA to selectively kill hyperproliferative or cancerous skin cells. We show here that nontoxic concentrations of S(4)TdR combine with nonlethal doses of UVA to kill proliferating cultured skin cells. Established cell lines with a high fraction of proliferating cells were more sensitive than primary keratinocytes or fibroblasts to apoptosis induction by S(4)TdR/UVA. Although S(4)TdR plus UVA treatment induces stabilization of p53, cell death, as measured by apoptosis or clonal survival, occurs to a similar extent in both p53 wild-type and p53-null backgrounds. Furthermore, different types of human papilloma virus E6 proteins, which protect against UVB-induced apoptosis, have little effect on killing by S(4)TdR/UVA. S(4)TdR/UVA offers a possible therapeutic intervention strategy that seems to be applicable to human papilloma virus-associated skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Reelfs
- Cancer Research UK, Institute for Cell and Molecular Science, Skin Tumour Laboratory, 4, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
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Ansiaux R, Baudelet C, Jordan BF, Crokart N, Martinive P, DeWever J, Grégoire V, Feron O, Gallez B. Mechanism of reoxygenation after antiangiogenic therapy using SU5416 and its importance for guiding combined antitumor therapy. Cancer Res 2007; 66:9698-704. [PMID: 17018628 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging preclinical studies support the concept of a transient "normalization" of tumor vasculature during the early stage of antiangiogenic treatment, with possible beneficial effects on associated radiotherapy or chemotherapy. One key issue in this area of research is to determine whether this feature is common to all antiangiogenic drugs and whether the phenomenon occurs in all types of tumors. In the present study, we characterized the evolution of the tumor oxygenation (in transplantable liver tumor and FSAII tumor models) after administration of SU5416, an antagonist of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. SU5416 induced an early increase in tumor oxygenation [measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR)], which did not correlate with remodeling of the tumor vasculature (assessed by CD31 labeling using immunohistochemistry) or with tumor perfusion (measured by dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging). Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (measured by EPR) was responsible for this early reoxygenation. Consistent with these unique findings in the tumor microenvironment, we found that SU5416 potentiated tumor response to radiotherapy but not to chemotherapy. In addition to the fact that the characterization of the tumor oxygenation is essential to enable correct application of combined therapies, our results show that the long-term inhibition of oxygen consumption is a potential novel target in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Ansiaux
- Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Obeid M, Panaretakis T, Joza N, Tufi R, Tesniere A, van Endert P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Calreticulin exposure is required for the immunogenicity of gamma-irradiation and UVC light-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1848-50. [PMID: 17657249 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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21
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Chakraborty S, Das T, Banerjee S, Sarma HD, Venkatesh M. Preparation and preliminary biological evaluation of a novel 109Pd labeled porphyrin derivative for possible use in targeted tumor therapy. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 51:16-23. [PMID: 17372569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The labeling of a porphyrin, a tumor-avid agent, with a beta-emitting radionuclide for evaluating its potential as an agent for targeted tumor therapy is reported. A novel water soluble porphyrin viz. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[3,4-bis(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl]porphyrin radiolabeled with(109)Pd (E(beta(max))=1.12 MeV, Eg=88 keV (3.6%), T1/2=13.7 h) has been prepared. The designing of this agent is based on the speculation that (109)Pd would complex with the tetrapyrrole donor array constituting the porphyrin core, resulting in a species with peripheral hydrophilic residues for facilitating renal excretion. METHODS Palladium-109 was produced by thermal neutron bombardment on enriched metallic Pd target at a flux of 3 x 10(13) n/cm(2) x s for 3 days and the porphyrin derivative was synthesized by a multi-step reaction using 3,4 dihydroxybenzaldehyde and pyrrole. The labeling parameters were optimized for obtaining maximum complexation yield and the biological behavior of the radiolabeled porphyrin was studied in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors. RESULTS Palladium-109 was produced with a specific activity of approximately 1.85 GBq/mg and approximately 100% radionuclidic purity. Lead-109 complex of the synthesized porphyrin derivative was prepared with excellent radiochemical purity (approximately 98%) and the complex was observed to be stable upto 24 h at room temperature. Results of the biodistribution studies revealed good tumor uptake (2.8+/-0.57%/g) within 30 min post-injection and it remained almost constant till 24 h post-injection. The complex showed predominantly renal clearance (88.68+/-4.01% at 24 h post-injection). CONCLUSIONS The high tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios (4.36 and 38 at 24 h post-injection) exhibited by the radiolabeled porphyrin indicate its potential for using in targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
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22
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Abstract
The effect of fractionated doses of Co(60) gamma-irradiation (2 Gy per fraction over 5 days), as is delivered in cancer radiotherapy, was compared with acute doses of 10 and 2 Gy, in a serially transplanted mouse fibrosarcoma grown in Swiss mice. The aspects that were studied included the three major mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, namely p44 MAP kinase, p38 MAP kinase, and stress-activated protein (SAP) kinase, which are known to be involved in determining the cell fate following exposure to ionizing radiation. The response of dual specificity phosphatase PAC1 which is involved in the dephosphorylation of MAP kinases was also looked at. There were significant differences in the response to different dose regimens for all the factors studied. Fractionated irradiation elicited an adaptive response with a sustained activation over 7 days of prosurvival p44 MAP kinase which was balanced by the increased activation of proapoptotic p54 SAP kinase up to 1 day post-irradiation, whereas, phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase showed a decrease at most time points. PAC1 was induced following fractionated irradiation and may be acting as a feed back regulator of p44 MAP kinase. The activation of SAP kinase after fractionated irradiation may be a stress response, whereas, constitutively activated p44 MAP kinase may play an important role in the induction of radioresistance during fractionated radiotherapy of cancer and may serve as a promising target for specific inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Kumar Mitra
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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MacDougall RH, Kerr GR, Duncan W. Incidence of sarcoma in patients treated with fast neutrons. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 66:842-4. [PMID: 17011455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to report the incidence of soft tissue sarcoma in a large group of patients treated with fast neutrons. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of long-term follow-up after trials of fast neutron therapy for cancers at various sites. The study took place at Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. From 1977 to 1984, 620 patients were treated using fast neutrons in the MRC cyclotron unit in Edinburgh. Most of these were treated within randomized controlled trials. Follow-up was maintained in all except 2 patients, who left the area to return abroad. The main outcome measure was the incidence of new soft-tissue sarcomas during long-term follow-up. RESULTS Three cases of sarcoma, developing within the treatment volume, were observed in a small group of patients treated some years earlier using fast neutrons. This incidence was 111 times what would have been expected in the normal population and 15 times the incidence in a comparable photon-treated group of patients. CONCLUSION The long-term incidence of sarcomas in patients previously treated with fast neutrons is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hugh MacDougall
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Jordan BF, Beghein N, Crokart N, Baudelet C, Grégoire V, Gallez B. Preclinical safety and antitumor efficacy of insulin combined with irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2006; 81:112-7. [PMID: 16978721 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have previously reported that insulin significantly enhances tumor oxygenation (pO(2)) and increases radiation-induced tumor regrowth delay in experimental models. Considering the large radiosensitizing effect, clinical trials might be envisioned. The aim of the present pre-clinical study was to obtain a more complete set of safety and efficacy data which would further justify the commencement of such clinical trials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Toxicity on normal (early and late-responding) tissues was measured by the intestinal crypt regeneration assay and the late leg contracture assay. Efficacy in terms of enhancement of pO(2) (measured by in vivo EPR oximetry) and increase in radiation-induced tumor regrowth delay was evaluated with a dose-response study on mice bearing FSaII fibrosarcoma. RESULTS The effect on regrowth delay was directly correlated with the effect on the tumor pO(2), with a maximal effect using 400 mU kg(-1) insulin. Importantly, there was no increase in the radiation toxicity for normal tissues. Finally, we found that the hypoglycaemia induced by insulin can be corrected by simultaneous glucose infusion without modification of efficacy. CONCLUSION Insulin here demonstrated a therapeutic gain and a lack of toxicity to normal tissues. The results of this study fully justify further larger preclinical assays such as the use of fractionated irradiation and a tumor control dose assay, before determining the utility of insulin as a radiosensitizer for human patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F Jordan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) has a high local failure rate of up to 79%. We conducted a retrospective analysis on all patients with the diagnosis of myxofibrosarcoma seen between 1990 and 2004 to assess whether improved imaging with MRI reduced local recurrence, increased survival, and whether radiotherapy following resection influenced outcome. Twenty-one patients were treated for MFS with a median followup of 52 months (range, 18-122). All patients were surgically treated, with 19 receiving limb-sparing surgery. All patients with high grade disease, positive margins, or a pre-referral procedure received radiation therapy. The local recurrence rate was 57% for patients with a prior outside procedure (8 of 14), while patients with no prior surgery had a rate of 14% (1 of 7). Prior marginal excision and diffuse fascial spread on MRI predicted an increased local recurrence rate. The disease-free survival at 5 years was 43% (SE, 22%) for low-grade disease and 39% (SE, 18%) for high- grade disease. Magnetic resonance imaging observations suggest a unique pattern of diffuse spread along fascial planes that could be responsible for the high local recurrence. Radiation did not compensate for positive margins, nor did it reduce recurrence after negative margins. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level IV (case series).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Manoso
- Orthopedic Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center/Weill College of Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Eltze E, Schäfer U, Bettendorf O, Rody A, Herchenröder F, Chiwritsch T, Jackisch C, Pfleiderer B. Radiation-induced capsule tissue reactions around textured breast implants in a rat model. Breast 2006; 15:331-8. [PMID: 16233977 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2005.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsule fibrosis and other complications around various filled breast implants were evaluated in a rat radiation model after 12 months of implantation. Model implants, one per rat, were implanted subcutaneously. One month after subcutaneous implantation, high voltage radiation followed one half each group. A higher rate of capsule fibrosis occurred in radiated animals. Malignant tumors at the implantation site developed in 40% of radiated and 24% of non-radiated animals, with a much higher rate of mitosis in the radiated group (Mann-Whitney, P=0.008). The presence of an implant is a cofactor for tumor development in rats (chi2-test, chi2=6.927; P=0.008) as well as radiation, since none of the control animals developed tumors. Applied to humans, capsule contracture (fibrosis) is a common complication of radiation, while development of radiation-induced sarcoma is a rare complication after postoperative radiotherapy by all account. Still further long-term follow-up human studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Eltze
- Institute of Pathology, University of Muenster, Domagkstr. 17, 48149 Muenster FRG, Germany.
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Schneider U, Lomax A, Hauser B, Kaser-Hotz B. Is the risk for secondary cancers after proton therapy enhanced distal to the Planning Target Volume? A two-case report with possible explanations. Radiat Environ Biophys 2006; 45:39-43. [PMID: 16463147 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-006-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It is often assumed that radiation-induced secondary cancer after proton therapy forms preferentially close to the distal fall-off of the spread-out Bragg peak because of an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) with regard to cancer induction of low-energy protons. In this study we analyze to what extent dose gradients distal to the Planning Target Volume (PTV) may, independently from the RBE, contribute to enhanced radiation carcinogenesis. The study is based on two dogs which, out of 30 dogs treated with proton therapy at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), developed a secondary cancer. Both dogs were originally diagnosed and treated for a fibrosarcoma and developed an osteosarcoma 48 and almost 60 months, respectively, after radiotherapy. From the dose distributions of the initial radiotherapy for both dogs three-dimensional maps of secondary cancer complication probability (SCCP) were computed. The SCCP maps were analyzed in the regions where the dogs developed a secondary cancer. The SCCP maps showed an enhanced risk in the regions of the femur where the secondary cancers were detected, as compared to the SCCP of the total femur. Excess risk of radiation-induced cancer at the distal part of proton radiation fields can thus be explained using SCCP calculations on the basis of the physical dose distributions. Therefore, the occurrence of secondary cancer close to the distal dose gradients of proton therapy is not necessarily due to an increased RBE of low-energy protons. More extensive studies based on more patients will be necessary to further elucidate the factors influencing the development of secondary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schneider
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, City Hospital Zürich, 8063 Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Kalapurakal JA, Goldman S, Stellpflug W, Curran J, Sathiaseelan V, Marymont MH, Tomita T. Phase I study of intraoperative radiotherapy with photon radiosurgery system in children with recurrent brain tumors: preliminary report of first dose level (10 Gy). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 65:800-8. [PMID: 16580791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the preliminary results after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with the photon radiosurgery system in children with recurrent brain tumors treated at the first dose level (10 Gy) of a Phase I protocol. METHODS AND MATERIALS A Phase I IORT dose escalation protocol was initiated at Children's Memorial Hospital to determine the maximal tolerated IORT dose in children with recurrent brain tumors. RESULTS Fourteen children have received IORT thus far. Eight had been previously irradiated. Thirteen children had ependymoma. The median follow-up was 16 months. Three patients (21%) developed radiation necrosis on follow-up MRI scans 6 to 12 months after IORT. They had not been previously irradiated and had received 10 Gy to a depth of 5 mm. One required surgery and the other two had resolution of their lesions without treatment. All 3 patients were asymptomatic at the last follow-up. No other late toxicity was observed at the last follow-up visit. Eight patients (57%) had tumor control within the surgical bed after IORT. CONCLUSION Our findings have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of IORT to a dose of 10 Gy to 2 mm in children with previously irradiated brain tumors. IORT to a dose of 10 Gy at 5 mm was associated with a greater complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kalapurakal
- Division of Radiation, Oncology Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma has been fully described histologically; however, the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic findings are scantily defined, and the distinction from other benign and malignant soft tissue tumors can be difficult. CASE We examined FNA cytologic material from a slowly growing, large chest wall mass in a 28-year-old woman. The surgical specimen was processed for routine histology and immunohistochemical studies. The cytologic smears were adequately cellular, showing spindly cells with uniform, elongated nuclei; small, inconspicuous nucleoli; and scanty, wispy cytoplasm associated with myxoid material. No significant nuclear pleomorphism or mitoses were noted. The excised tumor was well circumscribed, focally infiltrating the surrounding muscles. The cut surface was variable, featuring fibrous, solid, fleshy and myxoid areas. Microscopically, the solid, fibrous areas displayed increased cellularity with storiform, intersecting and parallel patterns. In the myxoid areas the cells grew in a haphazard fashion and appeared floating in abundant mucoid matrix associated with a capillary vascular network similar to the chicken-wire pattern seen in cases of myxoid liposarcoma. The tumor cells were spindly, with fusiform, uniform nuclei. Focal, moderate nuclear pleomorphism was noted. The mitotic index was low. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozyme and negative for S-100, actin, desmin and CD34. CONCLUSION Although low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is a rare neoplasm, it should be recognized and distinguished from other soft tissue tumors because of its low malignant potential. The definitive FNA cytologic diagnosis can be challenging but is possible if the tumor is adequately sampled, with multiple passes from different areas. Clinical and radiologic correlations are of great help. All spindle cell tumors with myxoid changes, such as myxoid liposarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, cellular myxoma, myxoid leiomyosarcoma and peripheral nerve sheath tumors, should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In contrast to the cytologic features, the histologic findings are characteristic and well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fawaz Dawamneh
- Pathology Services Division, Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Saudi Arabia.
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Maurya DK, Nair CKK. Preferential radioprotection to DNA of normal tissues by ferulic acid under ex vivo and in vivo conditions in tumor bearing mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 285:181-90. [PMID: 16477369 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-9079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that ferulic acid (FA) offered good radioprotection under in vitro and in vivo conditions to DNA and enhanced the DNA repair process in the peripheral blood leucocytes of mice in vivo. This study concerns radioprotection of normal versus tumor cells. Administration of FA (50 mg/kg body weight) to mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumor, 1 h prior to/ or immediately after radiation exposure (4 Gy) showed preferential radioprotection to normal cells i.e. peripheral blood leucocytes and bone marrow cells in comparison to tumor cells. This preferential protection under in vivo conditions could be attributed to poor vasculature in the tumor or peculiar characteristics of the tumor cells either to restrict its entry inside the cells or metabolize or inactivate the drug. To resolve these ex vivo study was carried out using bone marrow and tumor cells. It was found that under ex vivo condition also only bone marrow cells were protected by FA. Thus the studies revealed that FA showed preferential protection to normal cells under both in vivo and ex vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Treatment of cancer patients is subject to limitations in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This necessitates development of new protocols, and the present work reports on the effects of a combination of local electroporation with ionizing radiation and/or anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) on subcutaneous solid tumor murine fibrosarcoma. Localized treatment of fibrosarcoma tumor, grown in right hind leg of Swiss mice, has been carried out using DOX (0.6 mg/kg body weight), radiation (Co 60 gamma-rays, dose rate 0.37 Gy/min) and electroporation (1 kV/cm, 200 micros, 8 pulses per burst, 10 bursts) individually or in combinations. Measurements of the tumor growth kinetics after treatment with combinations have revealed significant growth delay. The treatment groups, (i) radiation and electroporation, (ii) DOX and electroporation, and (iii) radiation, DOX and electroporation, have yielded tumor growth delays (TGDs) of 1.22, 1.5, and 1.73 days, respectively, compared to control with the tumor volumes being 53%, 57%, and 49% that of control on the final day of observation. These results suggest that the antitumor effects of a moderate dose of gamma radiation and low concentration of DOX can be significantly enhanced by combination with electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratip Shil
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune 411007 India.
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Crokart N, Jordan BF, Baudelet C, Ansiaux R, Sonveaux P, Grégoire V, Beghein N, DeWever J, Bouzin C, Feron O, Gallez B. Early reoxygenation in tumors after irradiation: determining factors and consequences for radiotherapy regimens using daily multiple fractions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63:901-10. [PMID: 16199320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize changes in the tumor microenvironment early after irradiation and determine the factors responsible for early reoxygenation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Fibrosarcoma type II (FSaII) and hepatocarcinoma transplantable liver tumor tumor oxygenation were determined using electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry and a fiberoptic device. Perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and dye penetration. Oxygen consumption was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance. The interstitial fluid pressure was evaluated by the wick-in-needle technique. RESULTS An increase in oxygen partial pressure was observed 3-4 h after irradiation. This increase resulted from a decrease in global oxygen consumption and an increase in oxygen delivery. The increase in oxygen delivery was due to radiation-induced acute inflammation (that was partially inhibited by the antiinflammatory agent diclofenac) and to a decrease in interstitial fluid pressure. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, identified as a contributing factor at 24 h after irradiation, did not play a role in the early stage after irradiation. We also observed that splitting a treatment of 18 Gy into two fractions separated by 4 h (time of maximal reoxygenation) had a greater effect on tumor regrowth delay than when applied as a single dose. CONCLUSION Although the cell cycle redistribution effect is important for treatment protocols using multiple daily radiation fractions, the results of this work emphasize that the oxygen effect must be also considered to optimize the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Crokart
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Speake WJ, Dean RA, Kumar A, Morris TM, Scholefield JH, Watson SA. Radiation induced MMP expression from rectal cancer is short lived but contributes to in vitro invasion. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31:869-74. [PMID: 16081236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is increased after radiation. The aims of this study were to assess the time course of this increase and its effects on malignant cell invasion. METHODS Colorectal cancer (HCT 116, LoVo, C 170 HM 2, CaCO-2), fibroblast (46-BR.IGI, CCD-18 Co) and fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell lines were irradiated at 4 gray (4 Gy) and matrix metalloproteinase gene and protein expression examined over a 96 h period by real time polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography. Invasion was assessed on Matrigel. Human rectal tumour MMP expression was compared before and after long course radiotherapy. RESULTS Radiation increased MMP gene expression of tumour cell lines, and resulted in increased MMP protein activity in the HT1080 line. HT1080 and HCT 116 in monoculture and LoVo in co-culture were more invasive after radiation at 48 h in vitro, but long course radiotherapy did not result in a consistent increase in MMP expression from human rectal tumour biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Radiation results in increased MMP expression for a limited time period. This results in an early increase in cell line invasion. Further clinical research is required to clarify if MMP inhibition given perioperatively following radiotherapy decreases local recurrence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Speake
- Academic Unit of Cancer Studies, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital, D Floor, West Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Kjaergaard J, Wang LX, Kuriyama H, Shu S, Plautz GE. Active immunotherapy for advanced intracranial murine tumors by using dendritic cell-tumor cell fusion vaccines. J Neurosurg 2005; 103:156-64. [PMID: 16121986 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.103.1.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors by active immunization or adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T lymphocytes has the potential to make up for some of the limitations of current clinical therapy. In this study, the authors tested whether active immunotherapy is curative in mice bearing advanced, rapidly progressive intracranial tumors. METHODS Tumor vaccines were created through electrofusion of dendritic cells (DCs) and irradiated tumor cells to form multinucleated heterokaryons that retained the potent antigen processing and costimulatory function of DCs as well as the entire complement of tumor antigens. Murine hosts bearing intracranial GL261 glioma or MCA 205 fibrosarcoma were treated with a combination of local cranial radiotherapy, intrasplenic vaccination with DC/tumor fusion cells, and anti-OX40R (CD134) monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7 days after tumor inoculation. Whereas control mice had a median survival of approximately 20 days, the treated mice underwent complete tumor regression that was immunologically specific. Seven days after vaccination treated mice demonstrated robust infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which was exclusively confined to the tumor without apparent neurological toxicity. Cured mice survived longer than 120 days with no evidence of tumor recurrence and resisted intracranial tumor challenge. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a strategy to achieve an antitumor response against tumors in the central nervous system that is highly focused from both immunological and anatomical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgen Kjaergaard
- Center for Surgery Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Lehnert S, Reniers B, Verhaegen F. Relative biologic effectiveness in terms of tumor response of 125I implants compared with 60Co gamma rays. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63:224-9. [PMID: 16111593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) for 125I seeds compared with external beam radiotherapy using a clinically relevant in vivo system. METHODS AND MATERIALS Photon emission from a detailed source model was simulated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP4C, sampling from a 125I spectrum. The mouse RIF-1 tumor was treated with either temporary implant of an 125I seed or with 60Co gamma rays. The tumors were always the same size at the initiation of treatment, and the endpoint was growth inhibition. RESULTS The dose-response curve for both modalities was close to linear and was independent of the initial 125I activity (dose rate) for the range investigated. Calculation of the RBE for tumor response requires assigning a unique value for the tumor dose that is not homogenous but depends on the distance from the 125I source. Because tumor regrowth will depend on the subpopulation of cells that have the greatest probability of survival (i.e., those at the greatest distance from the 125I source), one approach is to use the dose to this population. On this basis, the RBE for 125I compared with 60Co gamma rays is 1.5. If the 125I dose is computed as the average dose to the tumor, corrected for the dose that is wasted as overkill in the cell population closest to the center of the 125I seed, the RBE is 1.4. CONCLUSION The result, an RBE of 1.4-1.5 is similar to findings obtained by other methods, supporting the validity of this approach to derive an RBE with validity in a clinical context.
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Khor TH. 2nd FY Khoo Memorial Lecture. Brachytherapy--one man's meat, a personal journey in radiation oncology. Ann Acad Med Singap 2005; 34:399-404. [PMID: 16021234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Lecture covers the author's personal experience in brachytherapy in radiation oncology, beginning with low-dose rate (LDR) treatments using 226Ra "hot" sources, in the 1960s and early 1970s, through manual afterloading for treating gynaecological cancers with the same sources in the 1970s and 1980s, to high-dose rate (HDR) remote afterloading on a microSelectron HDR machine, from 1989 on. This progression in brachytherapy is discussed, and specific applications to various tumour sites are presented, including long-term results of a personal series of 106 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix, treated with radiotherapy incorporating HDR brachytherapy. The Lecture rounds off with an unusual case of equine sarcoid, treated with a postoperative implant, using 192Ir LDR brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Khor
- Mount Elizabeth Oncology Centre, 3 Mount Elizabeth, Singapore 228510
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Ando K, Koike S, Uzawa A, Takai N, Fukawa T, Furusawa Y, Aoki M, Miyato Y. Biological gain of carbon-ion radiotherapy for the early response of tumor growth delay and against early response of skin reaction in mice. J Radiat Res 2005; 46:51-57. [PMID: 15802859 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.46.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological effectiveness of carbon ions relative to gamma rays (RBE) was compared between the tumor growth delay and an early skin reaction of syngeneic mice. The RBE was larger for a tumor than skin when irradiated with large doses of high-LET (linear energy transfer) carbon ions. The intra-track damage (a term of a linear quadratic model) of a tumor and skin increased equally with an increase of the LET, while the inter-track damage (beta term) of skin alone increased with the LET. These data provide evidence that high-LET radiotherapy could achieve therapeutic gain by minimizing the difference in response to fractionated irradiation between the tumor and normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ando
- Heavy-Ion Radiology Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan.
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Ricchelli F, Franchi L, Miotto G, Borsetto L, Gobbo S, Nikolov P, Bommer JC, Reddi E. Meso-substituted tetra-cationic porphyrins photosensitize the death of human fibrosarcoma cells via lysosomal targeting. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:306-19. [PMID: 15474977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a study on the intracellular localisation and the efficiency of cell photoinactivation of a series of derivatives of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-N-methylpyridyl)-porphine (C1), whose degree of lipophilicity was varied through replacement of one methyl group with an alkyl chain of various length. Human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells exposed to the various C1 derivatives (0.25 microM) for 24 h and irradiated with increasing doses of red-light (0.45-27 J/cm2) were inactivated with different efficiencies. The efficiency of cell photoinactivation increased with the increasing length of the hydrocarbon tail and lipophilicity and correlated with the efficiency of the porphyrin accumulation into the cells. Despite the presence of positive charges, these porphyrins did localise rather selectively in lysosomes while mitochondrial localisation was not evident, as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy studies. Studies on isolated mitochondria provided evidence that the porphyrin uptake and distribution in these organelles were not modulated by the transmembrane potential but were exclusively controlled by partitioning phenomena which might have prevented mitochondria localization in whole cells. Our findings demonstrated that these porphyrins entered the cells through the endocytotic pathway and were transported to lysosomes whose pH increased rapidly upon irradiation. Lysosomal damage did not cause any intracellular redistribution of the porphyrin and represented the primary event causing cell death, very likely via necrosis.
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Ansiaux R, Baudelet C, Jordan BF, Beghein N, Sonveaux P, De Wever J, Martinive P, Grégoire V, Feron O, Gallez B. Thalidomide radiosensitizes tumors through early changes in the tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:743-50. [PMID: 15701864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to study changes in the tumor microenvironment early after an antiangiogenic treatment using thalidomide (a promising angiogenesis inhibitor in a variety of cancers), with special focus on a possible "normalization" of the tumor vasculature that could be exploited to improve radiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor oxygenation, perfusion, permeability, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and radiation sensitivity were studied in an FSAII tumor model. Mice were treated by daily i.p. injection of thalidomide at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Measurements of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) were carried out using electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry. Three complementary techniques were used to assess the blood flow inside the tumor: dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, Patent Blue staining, and laser Doppler imaging. IFP was measured by a "wick-in-needle" technique. RESULTS Our results show that thalidomide induces tumor reoxygenation within 2 days. This reoxygenation is correlated with a reduction in IFP and an increase in perfusion. These changes can be attributed to extensive vascular remodeling that we observed using CD31 labeling. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the microenvironmental changes induced by thalidomide were sufficient to radiosensitize tumors. The fact that thalidomide radiosensitization was not observed in vitro, and that in vivo radiosensitization occurred in a narrow time window, lead us to believe that initial vascular normalization by thalidomide accounts for tumor radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Ansiaux
- Laboratories of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73-40, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Ogata T, Teshima T, Kagawa K, Hishikawa Y, Takahashi Y, Kawaguchi A, Suzumoto Y, Nojima K, Furusawa Y, Matsuura N. Particle irradiation suppresses metastatic potential of cancer cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:113-20. [PMID: 15665286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Particle radiotherapy such as proton and carbon ion has been producing promising clinical results worldwide. The purpose of this study was to compare metastatic capabilities of malignant tumor cells after irradiation with photon, proton, and carbon ion beams to clarify their ion beam-specific biological effects. We examined the biological properties of highly aggressive HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells to assess their metastatic processes in terms of cell adhesion capability to extracellular matrix, expression of integrins, cell migration, cell invasive capability, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in vitro. We then assessed the metastatic capabilities of LM8 mouse osteosarcoma irradiated with carbon ion or photon beam in the syngeneic mice. Both proton and carbon ion irradiation decreased cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner and strongly inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. On the other hand, lower X-ray irradiation promoted cell migration and invasion concomitant with up-regulation of alphaVbeta3 integrin. For cancer cells treated with carbon ion irradiation, the number of pulmonary metastasis was decreased significantly in vivo. These findings suggest that particle irradiation suppresses metastatic potential even at lower dose, whereas photon irradiation promotes cell migration and invasive capabilities at lower dose level, and provide preclinical evidence that ion beam radiotherapy may be superior to conventional photon beam therapy in possible preventive effects on metastases of irradiated malignant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ogata
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Moureau-Zabotto L, Thomas L, Bui BN, Chevreau C, Stockle E, Martel P, Bonneviale P, Marques B, Coindre JM, Kantor G, Matsuda T, Delannes M. Management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in first isolated local recurrence: a retrospective study of 83 cases. Radiother Oncol 2004; 73:313-9. [PMID: 15588876 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2003] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the management and clinical outcome of patients treated for a first isolated local recurrence of soft tissue sarcomas (trunk or extremities) and to identify prognosis factors. METHODS AND MATERIAL Between 1980 and 1999, 83 adult patients were included in the study. Mean age was 61 years. Mean tumor size was 6 cm. Most sarcomas were located in extremities (n=74), were deep (n=60), and proximal (n=53); 30 involved nerves or vessels. Histologic subtypes were mainly grade 2 (42%) or 3 (36%) histiocytofibrosarcomas (49%) and liposarcomas (20%). Surgical treatment of recurrences consisted in wide excision (29 cases), marginal resection (43 cases), 5 patients requiring amputation. Final results were R0 (n=33), R1 (n=47) or R2 (n=3) resection. Besides surgery, 6 patients received neo-adjuvant and 7 others adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty three patients received post-operative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (mean dose 55 Gy) and 26 interstitial 192Ir low dose rate brachytherapy (BCT) (mean dose 45 Gy for BCT alone, 22 Gy when associated with EBRT), 19 patients being re-irradiated. RESULTS Mean follow up was 13 years. Thirty-seven (45%) patients relapsed, 62% of whom presenting an isolated local recurrence. Nineteen patients developed distant metastases. Multivariate analysis showed only tumor depth (P=0.05) and re-resection for primary R1 resection (P=0.018) being independent prognosis factors for tumor control, radiotherapy (EBRT and/or BCT) being significant in univariate analysis (P=0.05). Overall survival rate was 73%, 54%, and 47% at, respectively, 3.5 and 10 years, and was 65%, 35% and 32% after a further local recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed trunk (P=0.0001) or inferior extremity locations (P=0.023), symptomatic (P=0.001), high grade (P=0.01), deep (P=0.01) tumors, and the occurrence of a further local failure (P=0.004) as unfavorable characteristics for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS A first isolated local recurrence of STS increases mainly the risk of a subsequent local relapse. Quality of local treatment is decisive. When a conservative treatment is feasible, it should combine surgical resection and radiotherapy, BCT being the best suited in previously irradiated patients. Efforts have to be pursued to increase quality of the treatment of primary tumors, at best performed in centers that have expertise in this field.
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Das T, Chakraborty S, Banerjee S, Mukherjee A, Samuel G, Sarma HD, Nair CKK, Kagiya VT, Venkatesh M. Preparation and preliminary biological evaluation of a 177Lu labeled sanazole derivative for possible use in targeting tumor hypoxia. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:6077-84. [PMID: 15519153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Revised: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a polyazamacrocyclic-nitrotriazole conjugate for radiolabeling with the therapeutic radioisotope viz. (177)Lu is described. The nitroimidazole used for the present study is [N-2'(carboxyethyl)-2-(3'-nitro-1'-triazolyl)acetamide], the carboxylic acid derivative of sanazole, which possesses an optimal combination of desired properties such as, selective toxicity for hypoxic cells, lowered lipophilicity resulting in lowered neurotoxicity. The bifunctional chelating agent is a DOTA derivative viz. 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1-(4'-aminobenzylacetamido)-cyclododecane-4,7,10- triacetic acid (p-amino-DOTA-anilide). (177)Lu was produced in adequate specific activity (110TBq/g) and high radionuclidic purity (approximately 100%) by irradiating enriched (60.6% (176)Lu) Lu(2)O(3) target and used for radiolabeling of the sanazole-BFCA conjugate. approximately 98% Complexation yield was achieved under optimized conditions. The complex has been characterized by paper chromatography and HPLC studies. Bioevaluation studies in Swiss mice bearing fibrosarcoma tumors revealed moderate tumor uptake (0.88%/g at 1h post-injection) with favorable tumor to blood (4.00 at 1h post-injection) and tumor to muscle (4.63 at 1h post-injection) ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Paulino AC. Late effects of radiotherapy for pediatric extremity sarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60:265-74. [PMID: 15337565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Revised: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the long-term effects of radiotherapy (RT) in children treated for extremity sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1964 and 1997, 15 of 33 children treated with RT for extremity sarcomas at the University of Iowa have survived with a median follow-up was 20 years (range, 6-36 years). There were 10 boys and 5 girls with a median age of 13 years (range, 3.5-20 years) at the time of irradiation. The diagnosis was Ewing's sarcoma in 8 (53%), synovial sarcoma in 4 (27%), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in 2, and fibrosarcoma in 1. Location of primary tumor was lower extremity in 10 (67%) and upper extremity in 5 (33%). RT was given as the definitive therapy for 9 children (median dose, 55.8 Gy; range, 45-66 Gy) and as an adjuvant postoperative treatment in 6 (median, 63 Gy; range, 41.4-66.4 Gy). (60)Co was used in 6 (40%), 4 mV in 4, 6 mV in 2, and 250 kV photons in 2 patients; 1 child was treated with a combination of 12 and 15 MeV electrons for a Ewing's sarcoma of the distal femur. Another child had a 25 Gy intraoperative RT boost after 41.4 Gy conventional RT. Late effects to the muscle, soft tissue, and growing bone were assessed using the objective portion of the LENT-SOMA scale proposed by the Late Effects Consensus Conference. RESULTS Late effects were seen in all patients and included atrophy in 12 (80%), fibrosis in 12 (80%), bone growth abnormalities in 10 (67%), impairment of mobility and extremity function in 6 (40%), edema in 3 (20%), and peripheral nerve injury in 2 (13%). Ten of 15 (67%) children had Grade 1 or 2 growing bone, muscle, soft tissue, or peripheral nerve complications. Two patients (13%) had a Grade 3 mobility and extremity function score and had moderate to severe limitation of movement. Two children (13%) required epiphysiodesis because of a shorter treated leg. The patient who received an intraoperative RT boost of 25 Gy developed sensory dysfunction of the ulnar nerve 11 years after RT. Another developed radial nerve palsy 3 years after marginal resection and postoperative RT and required tendon transfer repair. One patient had radiation-induced vasculitis with popliteal artery thrombosis 23 years after RT. Five (33%) developed a fracture of the irradiated bone at a median time of 8 years after RT (range: 9 months to 22.2 years); all had Ewing's sarcoma, and 3 of these patients were subsequently found to have a secondary bone cancer (osteosarcoma 2, malignant fibrous histiocytoma 1) in the RT field. One of these patients also developed breast cancer 26 years after lung RT for metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. Overall, 11 surgical procedures in 8 children were performed to correct a limb preservation treatment toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Although most children treated with RT for a pediatric extremity sarcoma have minimal late toxicity by LENT-SOMA scale, approximately half required a surgical procedure to correct a late effect. A fracture in the irradiated bone may be the presenting sign or may precede a radiation-induced bone malignancy, as seen in 3 of the patients in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold C Paulino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory Clinic, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Moureau-Zabotto L, Thomas L, Bui BN, Chevreau C, Stockle E, Martel P, Bonneviale P, Marques B, Coindre JM, Kantor G, Matsuda T, Delannes M. Prise en charge des sarcomes des tissus mous en première rechute locale isolée : étude rétrospective de 83 cas. Cancer Radiother 2004; 8:279-87. [PMID: 15561593 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the management and clinical outcome of patients treated for a first isolated local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma (trunk or extremities) and to identify prognosis factors. PATIENTS AND MATERIAL This is a retrospective study of 83 adult patients treated between 1980 and 1999. Mean tumor size was 6 cm. Most sarcomas were located in extremities (N =74), were deep (N =60), and proximal (N =53). Thirty involved nerves or vessels. Histologic subtypes were mainly grade 2 (42%) or 3 (36%) histocytofibrosarcomas (49%) and liposarcomas (20%). Surgical treatment of recurrences consisted in wide excision (32 cases), marginal resection (46 cases), five patients requiring amputation. Final results were R0 (N =33), R1 (N =47) or R2 (N =3) resection. Beside surgery, six patients received neoadjuvant and seven others adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-three patients received postoperative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (mean dose 55 Gy) and 26 interstitial (192)Ir low dose rate brachytherapy (BCT) (mean dose 45 Gy for BCT alone, 22 Gy when associated with EBRT), 19 patients being re-irradiated. RESULTS Mean follow up was 59 months. Thirty-seven (45%) tumors relapsed, 62% locally as first event. Nineteen patients developed secondary distant metastases. Multivariate analysis showed only tumour depth (P =0.05) and re-resection for primary R1 resection for the recurrence (P =0.018) being independent prognosis factors for tumour control, radiotherapy (EBRT and/or BCT) being significant in univariate analysis (P =0.05). Overall survival rate was 73, 54, and 47% at respectively 3, 5 and 10 years, and was 65, 35 and 32% after a further local recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed trunk (P =0.0001) or inferior extremity locations (P =0.023), symptomatic (P =0.001), high grade (P =0.01), deep (P = 0.01) tumours, and the occurrence of a further local failure (P =0.004) as unfavourable characteristics for overall survival. CONCLUSION Because of the high relapse rate in this series, a first isolated local recurrence of STS increases mainly the risk of a subsequent local relapse. Quality of local treatment for the first local relapse is decisive. When a conservative treatment is feasible, it should combine surgical resection and radiotherapy, brachytherapy being the best suited in previously irradiated patients. Efforts have to be pursued to increase quality of the treatment of primary tumours, at best performed in centers that have expertise in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moureau-Zabotto
- Département d'oncologie radiothérapie, institut Clandius-Regaud, Toulouse, France.
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Wergin MC, Ballmer-Hofer K, Roos M, Achermann RE, Inteeworn N, Akens MK, Blattmann H, Kaser-Hotz B. Preliminary study of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during low- and high-dose radiation therapy of dogs with spontaneous tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2004; 45:247-54. [PMID: 15200265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations are associated with radiation resistance and poor prognosis. After an exposure to ionizing radiation in cell culture an early phase and a late phase of increased VEGF have been documented. The activation was dependent on the radiation dose. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure baseline plasma VEGF and changes in VEGF over the course of fractionated radiation therapy in dogs with spontaneous tumors. Dogs with tumors had a significantly higher pretreatment plasma VEGF than did dogs without tumors. Immediately after irradiation no increased plasma VEGF was observed. Over the course of radiation therapy there was an increased plasma VEGF in dogs treated with low doses per fraction/high total dose, whereas plasma VEGF remained stable in dogs irradiated with high doses per fraction/low total dose. The regulatory mechanisms are very complex, and therefore the value of plasma VEGF measurements as an indirect marker of angiogenesis induced by radiotherapy is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie C Wergin
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging and Radio-Oncology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Key to radiation therapy is to apply a high tumor-destroying dose while protecting healthy tissue, especially near organs at risk. To optimize treatment for ion therapy not the dose but the dose multiplied by the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is decisive. Proton therapy has been based on the use of a generic RBE, which is applied to all treatments independent of dose/fraction, position in the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), initial beam energy or the particular tissue. Dependencies of the RBE on various physical and biological properties are disregarded. The variability of RBE in clinical situations is believed to be within 10-20%. This is in the same range of effects that receive high attention these days, i.e., patient set-up uncertainties, organ motion effects, and dose calculation accuracy all affecting proton as well as conventional radiation therapy. Elevated RBE values can be expected near the edges of the target, thus probably near critical structures. This is because the edges show lower doses and, depending on the treatment plan, may be identical with the beam's distal edge, where dose is deposited in part by high-LET protons. We assess the rationale for the continued use of a generic RBE and whether the magnitude of RBE variation with treatment parameters is small relative to our abilities to determine RBE's. Two aspects have to be considered. Firstly, the available information from experimental studies and secondly, our ability to calculate RBE values for a given treatment plan based on parameters extracted from such experiments. We analyzed published RBE values for in vitro and in vivo endpoints. The values for cell survival in vitro indicate a substantial spread between the diverse cell lines. The average value at mid SOBP over all dose levels is approximately 1.2 in vitro and approximately 1.1 in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate a statistically significant increase in RBE for lower doses per fraction, which is much smaller for in vivo systems. The experimental in vivo data indicate that continued employment of a generic RBE value of 1.1 is reasonable. At present, there seems to be too much uncertainty in the RBE value for any human tissue to propose RBE values specific for tissue, dose/fraction, etc. There is a clear need for prospective assessments of normal tissue reactions in proton irradiated patients and determinations of RBE values for several late responding tissues in animal systems, especially as a function of dose in the range of 1-4 Gy. However, there is a measurable increase in RBE over the terminal few mm of the SOBP, which results in an extension of the bio-effective range of the beam of a few mm. This needs to be considered in treatment planning, particularly for single field plans or for an end of range in or close to a critical structure. To assess our ability to calculate RBE values we studied two approaches, which are both based on the track structure theory of radiation action. RBE calculations are difficult since both the physical input parameters, i.e., LET distributions, and, even more so, the biological input parameters, i.e., local cellular response, have to be known with high accuracy. Track structure theory provides a basis for predicting dose-response curves for particle irradiation. However, designed for heavy ion applications the models show weaknesses in the prediction of proton radiation effects. We conclude that, at present, RBE modeling in treatment planning involves significant uncertainties. To incorporate RBE variations in treatment planning there has to be a reliable biological model to calculate RBE values based on the physical characteristics of the radiation field and based on well-known biological input parameters. In order to do detailed model calculations more experimental data, in particular for in vivo endpoints, are needed
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Affiliation(s)
- H Paganetti
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology & Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Fukawa T, Takematsu K, Oka K, Koike S, Ando K, Kobayashi H, Tanishita K. Differences in pO2 peaks of a murine fibrosarcoma between carbon-ion and X-ray irradiation. J Radiat Res 2004; 45:303-308. [PMID: 15304974 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We measured and compared the oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) profiles in experimental tumors after irradiation with carbon ions and with X-rays. The NFSa fibrosarcomas grown in the hind legs of C3H male mice received isoeffect single doses of carbon ions or X-rays. Coaxial oxygen microelectrodes of high spatial resolution were inserted into the tumor with 20 microm steps by a computerized micromanipulator. The number of pO(2) peaks that reached 15 mmHg were at least 0.45 per 3,000 microm in unirradiated tumors and significantly increased to 1.55 per 3,000 microm as early as day 1 of carbon-ion irradiation (p < 0.001). The tumors that received X-ray irradiation also significantly increased pO(2) peaks, but as late as day 3. The time course of pO(2) peak appearance in the present study coincides with a previous report where reoxygenation was measured by paired growth delay assay. The pO(2) peaks appeared selectively in peripheral regions of X-ray irradiated tumors, but they appeared rather homogeneously in the tumor after carbon-ion irradiation. It is concluded that carbon-ion irradiation reoxygenated the NFSa fibrosarcomas earlier in time and deeper in space than the X-ray irradiation did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukawa
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Abstract
The flavanoid derivative troxerutin, used clinically for treating venous disorders, protected biomembranes and cellular DNA against the deleterious effects of gamma-radiation. The peroxidation of lipids (measured as thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, or TBARS) in rat liver microsomal and mitochondrial membranes resulting from gamma-irradiation up to doses of 500 Gy in vitro was prevented by 0.2 mM troxerutin. The administration of troxerutin (175 mg/kg body weight) to tumor-bearing mice by ip one hour prior to 4 Gy whole-body gamma-irradiation significantly decreased the radiation-induced peroxidation of lipids in tissues such as liver and spleen, but there was no reduction of lipid peroxidation in tumor. The effect of troxerutin in gamma-radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in different tissues of tumor-bearing mice was studied by comet assay. The administration of troxerutin to tumor-bearing animals protected cellular DNA against radiation-induced strand breaks. This was evidenced from decreases in comet tail length, tail moment, and percent of DNA in the tails in cells of normal tissues such as blood leukocytes and bone marrow, and these parameters were not altered in cells of fibrosarcoma tumor. The results revealed that troxerutin could preferentially protect normal tissues against radiation-induced damages in tumor-bearing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Obata T, Ando K, Koike S, Oohira C, Yasuda H, Ikehira H, Tanada S, Tsujii H. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of Gd-DTPA in experimental tumors after charged particle radiation: comparison with gamma-ray radiation. J Radiat Res 2004; 45:261-267. [PMID: 15304969 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We performed dynamic MRI to reveal the characteristic gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) uptake in carbon-ion irradiated tumor and compare it with photon irradiation. Fibrosarcomas in C3H mice legs were irradiated with either 16 Gy of carbon ions (74 keV/mm) or an equivalent dose (30 Gy) of Cs-137 gamma-rays. Dynamic MRI was performed 1 or 6 days after irradiation when the tumors showed an initial growth delay or incipient regrowth, respectively. The enhancement pattern was visualized by mapping the maximum enhanced time (Tmax), relative signal intensity maximum (SImax), and time delay of starting enhancement (Td). Significantly larger Tmax and Td values were observed in the tumors 1 day after carbon-ion irradiation than in the nonradiated tumors (No-R) and tumors 1 day after gamma-ray irradiation. Among the selected pixels in the tumors 6 days after carbon irradiation, 77% had Tmax values of less than 120 sec, significantly more than in the No-R group. The Tmax maps for the tumors irradiated with gamma-rays showed a similar tendency to the carbon-irradiated ones, and only a significant difference was obtained between tumors 1 and 6 days after irradiation. Tmax and Td in the carbon-ion irradiated tumors were different from those in the gamma-ray-irradiated tumors. These treatment-specific kinetics may be useful in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of carbon-ion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Obata
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Kim KW, Kim SH, Shin JG, Kim GS, Son YO, Park SW, Kwon BH, Kim DW, Lee CH, Sol MY, Jeong MH, Chung BS, Kang CD. Direct injection of immature dendritic cells into irradiated tumor induces efficient antitumor immunity. Int J Cancer 2004; 109:685-90. [PMID: 14999775 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although there are several ways to load tumor antigens to DCs, in vitro preparation of tumor antigens and manipulation of DCs are usually required. Therefore, to develop a simple antitumor immunization method, we examined if direct injection of DCs into tumor apoptosed by ionizing IR could induce efficient antitumor immunity. Ionizing IR with 15 Gy induced apoptosis in tumor maximally after 6 hr. Injection of DCs i.t. into IR tumor induced strong cytotoxicity of splenocytes against tumor cells compared to i.t. injection of DCs or ionizing IR of tumor, both of which induced weak cytotoxicity. In an animal study, i.t. injection of DCs into IR tumor induced therapeutic antitumor immunity against a tumor established at a distant site. Moreover, when TNF-alpha or LPS was added as a danger/maturation signal to DC suspension before i.t. injection, antitumor immunity was significantly potentiated compared to a group treated with i.t. injection of DCs into IR tumor. Our results suggest that injection of DCs into tumor apoptosed by ionizing IR might be a simple and efficient method of immunization against tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Woon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea
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