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Nguyen VTC, Nguyen TH, Doan NNT, Pham TMQ, Nguyen GTH, Nguyen TD, Tran TTT, Vo DL, Phan TH, Jasmine TX, Nguyen VC, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TV, Nguyen THH, Huynh LAK, Tran TH, Dang QT, Doan TN, Tran AM, Nguyen VH, Nguyen VTA, Ho LMQ, Tran QD, Pham TTT, Ho TD, Nguyen BT, Nguyen TNV, Nguyen TD, Phu DTB, Phan BHH, Vo TL, Nai THT, Tran TT, Truong MH, Tran NC, Le TK, Tran THT, Duong ML, Bach HPT, Kim VV, Pham TA, Tran DH, Le TNA, Pham TVN, Le MT, Vo DH, Tran TMT, Nguyen MN, Van TTV, Nguyen AN, Tran TT, Tran VU, Le MP, Do TT, Phan TV, Nguyen HDL, Nguyen DS, Cao VT, Do TTT, Truong DK, Tang HS, Giang H, Nguyen HN, Phan MD, Tran LS. Multimodal analysis of methylomics and fragmentomics in plasma cell-free DNA for multi-cancer early detection and localization. eLife 2023; 12:RP89083. [PMID: 37819044 PMCID: PMC10567114 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their promise, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based assays for multi-cancer early detection face challenges in test performance, due mostly to the limited abundance of ctDNA and its inherent variability. To address these challenges, published assays to date demanded a very high-depth sequencing, resulting in an elevated price of test. Herein, we developed a multimodal assay called SPOT-MAS (screening for the presence of tumor by methylation and size) to simultaneously profile methylomics, fragmentomics, copy number, and end motifs in a single workflow using targeted and shallow genome-wide sequencing (~0.55×) of cell-free DNA. We applied SPOT-MAS to 738 non-metastatic patients with breast, colorectal, gastric, lung, and liver cancer, and 1550 healthy controls. We then employed machine learning to extract multiple cancer and tissue-specific signatures for detecting and locating cancer. SPOT-MAS successfully detected the five cancer types with a sensitivity of 72.4% at 97.0% specificity. The sensitivities for detecting early-stage cancers were 73.9% and 62.3% for stages I and II, respectively, increasing to 88.3% for non-metastatic stage IIIA. For tumor-of-origin, our assay achieved an accuracy of 0.7. Our study demonstrates comparable performance to other ctDNA-based assays while requiring significantly lower sequencing depth, making it economically feasible for population-wide screening.
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Chen C, Wang T, Yang M, Song J, Huang M, Bai Y, Su H. Genomic Profiling of Blood-Derived Circulating Tumor DNA from Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609879. [PMID: 34720757 PMCID: PMC8553707 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Biliary tract cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with poor clinical outcome. Accumulating evidence indicates targeted therapeutics may provide new hope for improving treatment response in BTC, hence better understanding the genomic profile is particularly important. Since tumor tissue may not be available for some patients, a complementary method is urgently needed. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides a noninvasive means for detecting genomic alterations, and has been regarded as a promising tool to guide clinical therapies. Methods: Next-generation sequencing of 150 cancer-related genes was used to detect gene alterations in blood-derived ctDNA from 154 Chinese patients with BTC. Genomic alterations were analyzed and compared with an internal tissue genomic database and TCGA database. Results: 94.8% patients had at least one change detected in their ctDNA. The median maximum somatic allele frequency was 6.47% (ranging 0.1-34.8%). TP53 and KRAS were the most often mutated genes. The frequencies of single nucleotide variation in commonly mutated genes in ctDNA were similar to those detected in tissue samples, TP53 (35.1 vs. 40.4%) and KRAS (20.1 vs. 22.6%). Pathway analysis revealed that mutated genes were mapped to several key pathways including PI3K-Akt, p53, ErbB and Ras signaling pathway. In addition, patients harboring LRP1B, TP53, and ErbB family mutations presented significantly higher tumor mutation burden. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that ctDNA testing by NGS was feasible in revealing genomic changes and could be a viable alternative to tissue biopsy in patients with metastatic BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Mengmei Yang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Song
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Mengli Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuezong Bai
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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3
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Shah AT, Azad TD, Breese MR, Chabon JJ, Hamilton EG, Straessler K, Kurtz DM, Leung SG, Spillinger A, Liu HY, Behroozfard IH, Wittber FM, Hazard FK, Cho SJ, Daldrup-Link HE, Vo KT, Rangaswami A, Pribnow A, Spunt SL, Lacayo NJ, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Sweet-Cordero EA. A Comprehensive Circulating Tumor DNA Assay for Detection of Translocation and Copy-Number Changes in Pediatric Sarcomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2016-2025. [PMID: 34353895 PMCID: PMC9307079 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays are designed to detect recurrent mutations. Pediatric sarcomas share few recurrent mutations but rather are characterized by translocations and copy-number changes. We applied Cancer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq) for detection of translocations found in the most common pediatric sarcomas. We also applied ichorCNA to the combined off-target reads from our hybrid capture to simultaneously detect copy-number alterations (CNA). We analyzed 64 prospectively collected plasma samples from 17 patients with pediatric sarcoma. Translocations were detected in the pretreatment plasma of 13 patients and were confirmed by tumor sequencing in 12 patients. Two of these patients had evidence of complex chromosomal rearrangements in their ctDNA. We also detected copy-number changes in the pretreatment plasma of 7 patients. We found that ctDNA levels correlated with metastatic status and clinical response. Furthermore, we detected rising ctDNA levels before relapse was clinically apparent, demonstrating the high sensitivity of our assay. This assay can be utilized for simultaneous detection of translocations and CNAs in the plasma of patients with pediatric sarcoma. While we describe our experience in pediatric sarcomas, this approach can be applied to other tumors that are driven by structural variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Tej D Azad
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Marcus R Breese
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Jacob J Chabon
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Emily G Hamilton
- Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Krystal Straessler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David M Kurtz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stanley G Leung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Aviv Spillinger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Heng-Yi Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Inge H Behroozfard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Frederick M Wittber
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Florette K Hazard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Soo-Jin Cho
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kieuhoa T Vo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Arun Rangaswami
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California
| | - Allison Pribnow
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sheri L Spunt
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Norman J Lacayo
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Division of Radiation Therapy, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - E Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, California.
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4
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O'Donnell P, May T, DeMartin K, Ferguson J, Halait H, Wei W, Yu K, Scudder S. Performance Characteristics of a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutations in Plasma Samples of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:451-460. [PMID: 32406048 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating free DNA in plasma is an alternative source of tumor-derived DNA that can be a surrogate for tissue epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) testing. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the analytical performance of the cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 (cobas test), a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay designed to detect defined EGFR gene mutations in plasma from patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We used K2-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma samples from NSCLC patients and healthy donors (HDs), along with cell line DNA. Results from a complete technical performance evaluation are described, including a comparison between NSCLC and HD plasma to support the use of surrogate samples and an independent confirmation of the limit of detection (LoD). RESULTS The cobas test reported an overall percent agreement of approximately 88% for plasma samples when compared with a next-generation sequencing method. The LoD for all EGFR mutations was ≤ 100 copies/mL for plasma samples. An external study confirmed the LoD for exon 19 deletion, L858R, and T790M at ≤ 100 copies/mL using samples derived from NSCLC patient specimens. The cobas test showed linearity between at least 50 and 10,000 copies/mL for plasma samples. An internal repeatability study reported a correct call accuracy of 99.2% for plasma samples. The performance of the cobas test is equivalent when using sheared or intact cell line DNA diluted into either HD plasma or NSCLC patient plasma. CONCLUSIONS The cobas test is a sensitive, robust, and accurate assay that delivers reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O'Donnell
- Roche Molecular Systems, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA.
| | - Theresa May
- Roche Molecular Systems, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Kelli DeMartin
- Roche Molecular Systems, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Jane Ferguson
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 46500 Kato Road, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
| | - Harkanwal Halait
- Roche Molecular Systems, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Wen Wei
- Roche Molecular Systems, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Karen Yu
- Roche Molecular Systems, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | - Sid Scudder
- Roche Molecular Systems, 4300 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
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5
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Young GP, Symonds EL, Nielsen HJ, Ferm L, Christensen IJ, Dekker E, van der Vlugt M, Mallant-Hent RC, Boulter N, Yu B, Chan M, Tevz G, LaPointe LC, Pedersen SK. Evaluation of a panel of tumor-specific differentially-methylated DNA regions in IRF4, IKZF1 and BCAT1 for blood-based detection of colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:14. [PMID: 33478584 PMCID: PMC7818774 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentially-methylated regions (DMRs) are characteristic of colorectal cancer (CRC) and some occur more frequently than common mutations. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of assaying circulating cell-free DNA for methylation in BCAT1, IKZF1 and IRF4 for detection of CRC. METHODS A multiplexed real-time PCR assay targeting DMRs in each of the three genes was developed. Assay accuracy was explored in plasma specimens banked from observational cross-sectional trials or from volunteers scheduled for colonoscopy or prior to CRC surgery. RESULTS 1620 specimens were suitable for study inclusion including 184 and 616 cases with CRC and adenomas, respectively, and 820 cases without neoplasia (overall median age, 63.0 years; 56% males). Combining the PCR signals for all targeted DMRs returned the best sensitivity for CRC (136/184, 73.9%, 95% CI 67.1-79.7), advanced adenomas (53/337, 15.7%, 95% CI 12.0-20.1) and high-grade dysplastic (HGD) adenomas (9/35, 25.7%, 95% CI 14.0-42.3) with a 90.1%, specificity for neoplasia (739/820, 95% CI 87.9-92.0, p < 0.01). Detection of methylation in all three genes were more likely in CRC cases than those without it (OR 28.5, 95% CI 7.3-121.2, p < 0.0001). Of the 81 positive cases without neoplasia, 62 (76.5%) were positive by a single PCR replicate only and predominantly due to detection of methylated BCAT1 (53.2%). Single replicate positivity was significantly higher than that in CRC (26/136, 19.1%, p < 0.0001), and single BCAT1 replicate positivity was more likely in cases without neoplasia than in CRC (OR 17.7, 95% CI 6.6-43.3, p < 0.0001). When a positive result was limited to those with ≥ 1 PCR replicate positive for either IKZF1 or IRF4, or at least two replicates positive for BCAT1, the multi-panel test maintained a high sensitivity for CRC (131/184, 71.2%, 95% CI 64.3-77.3) and HGD adenomas (8/35, 22.9%, 95% CI 11.8-39.3, p = 0.029) but improved specificity significantly (772/820, 94.1%, 95% CI 92.3-95.6, p < 0.0001 vs. any PCR replicate positive). CONCLUSION The multi-panel methylation assay differentiates cases with CRC from those without it and does so with high specificity when criteria for BCAT1 detection are applied. The marker panel is flexible and studies in those at average risk for CRC are now warranted to determine which panel configuration best suits screening goals. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12611000318987. Registered 25 March 2011, https://www.anzctr.org.au/ ACTRN12611000318987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme P Young
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Erin L Symonds
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hans Jørgen Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Linnea Ferm
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ib J Christensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van der Vlugt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicky Boulter
- Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Betty Yu
- Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Chan
- Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregor Tevz
- Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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6
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Kumar A, Bantilan KS, Jacob AP, Park A, Schoninger SF, Sauter C, Ulaner GA, Casulo C, Faham M, Kong KA, Grewal RK, Gerecitano J, Hamilton A, Hamlin P, Matasar M, Moskowitz CH, Noy A, Palomba ML, Portlock CS, Younes A, Willis T, Zelenetz AD. Noninvasive Monitoring of Mantle Cell Lymphoma by Immunoglobulin Gene Next-Generation Sequencing in a Phase 2 Study of Sequential Chemoradioimmunotherapy Followed by Autologous Stem-Cell Rescue. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2021; 21:230-237.e12. [PMID: 33558202 PMCID: PMC9476895 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limited information exists in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) on the performance of next-generation sequencing–based assay of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. Posttreatment peripheral blood samples were collected from 16 MCL patients and analyzed with the Adaptive Biotechnologies MRD assay, which identified early molecular relapse. We observed more sensitivity in the cellular versus acellular compartment.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chemoradiotherapy
- DNA, Neoplasm/blood
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Immunotherapy
- Induction Chemotherapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
- Prospective Studies
- Remission Induction
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - K S Bantilan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A P Jacob
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - A Park
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S F Schoninger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - C Sauter
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - G A Ulaner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - C Casulo
- Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - M Faham
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - K A Kong
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - R K Grewal
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J Gerecitano
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - P Hamlin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Matasar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - C H Moskowitz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Noy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M L Palomba
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - C S Portlock
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Younes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - T Willis
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA
| | - A D Zelenetz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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7
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Danstrup CS, Marcussen M, Pedersen IS, Jacobsen H, Dybkær K, Gaihede M. DNA methylation biomarkers in peripheral blood of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244101. [PMID: 33332423 PMCID: PMC7746174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are often diagnosed in advanced stages. In search of new diagnostic tools, focus has shifted towards the biological properties of the HNSCC, and the number of different biomarkers under investigation is rapidly growing. OBJECTIVES The objective was to review the current literature regarding aberrantly methylated DNA found in peripheral blood plasma or serum in patients with HNSCC and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of these changes. METHODS The inclusion criteria were clinical studies involving patients with verified HNSCC that reported findings of aberrantly methylated DNA in peripheral blood serum or plasma. We systematically searched PubMed, OVID Embase and Cochrane Library. In addition to the search, we performed forward and backward chaining in references and Web of Science. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42019135406. Two authors independently extracted data. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS A total of 1,743 studies were found eligible for screening, while ultimately seven studies were included. All studies were found to have methodological weaknesses, mainly concerning patient selection bias. The best individual marker of HNSCC was Septin 9 in plasma with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 95%. CONCLUSIONS None of the aberrantly methylated genes found in the retrieved studies are applicable as single diagnostic markers for HNSCC and the best gene-panels still lack diagnostic accuracy. Future studies may benefit from newer sequencing techniques but validation studies with well-designed cohorts are also needed in the process of developing epigenetic based diagnostic tests for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sander Danstrup
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mette Marcussen
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inge Søkilde Pedersen
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jacobsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkær
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Gaihede
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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8
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Peled M, Bar J, Avni L, Chatterji S, Somech D, Dvir A, Soussan-Gutman L, Onn A. Early Blood-based Liquid Biopsy in Patients with Treatment-naïve Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Case Series. Isr Med Assoc J 2020; 22:784-787. [PMID: 33381953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend testing for multiple biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Blood-based liquid biopsy analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could be used in addition to tumor biopsy genotyping, especially if tissue/time are limiting. OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical utility of early cfDNA analysis (Guardant360® CDx) in treatment-naïve NSCLC patients. METHODS A prospective cohort of treatment-naïve patients with metastatic NSCLC who underwent tumor and cfDNA analysis between 12/2018 and 2/2019 were included. RESULTS Ten patients were included: 6 males, median age 70.5 years (range 48-87), 8 prior smokers. Liquid biopsy was sent when cancer cells were detected in the biopsy specimen. Median time from diagnosis to receiving the report on the last biomarker from the tumor biopsy was 20 days (range 9-34); median time from blood draw to receiving the cfDNA findings was 9 days (range 7-12). The median difference between the cfDNA and the tumor analysis reports was 20 days (range 9-28). Actionable biomarkers were identified in four patients by both the biopsy analysis and the cfDNA analysis (2cases with EGFR mutations, one with ROS1 fusion, and one with EML4-ALK fusion for whom the biopsy analysis also identified an EGFR mutation not detected in the cfDNA analysis). Overall, eight patients received treatment (2 died before treatment initiation). Three patients received biomarker-based treatment (1 osimertinib, 1 alectinib, and 1 crizotinib). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cfDNA analysis should be ordered by the pulmonologists early in the evaluation of patients with NSCLC, which might complement the tumor biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peled
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jair Bar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Avni
- Oncotest Division, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, Shoham, Israel
| | - Sumit Chatterji
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dafna Somech
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Addie Dvir
- Oncotest Division, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, Shoham, Israel
| | | | - Amir Onn
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Xu H, Liu G. Diagnostic value of cfDNA and long fragment DNA in patients with breast cancer. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:186-189. [PMID: 33287940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the diagnostic value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and long fragment DNA in breast cancer patients.Female patients with breast cancer (n = 80) were recruited over one year for this study, and served as an observation group. The control group consisted of 50 normal, healthy females. Plasma levels of cfDNA and long fragment DNA were determined a day before treatment, 7 days after treatment, and on the 20th day of treatment. The levels of cfDNA and long fragment DNA in breast cancer patients before treatment were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). Patients cfDNA and long fragment DNA levels 7 days after treatment were not significantly different from the corresponding values at 1 day before treatment (p>0.05), but they decreased significantly on the 20th day of treatment, when compared with levels before treatment (p<0.05). Before treatment, the optimal cut-off point for cfDNA in patients' peripheral blood, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 12.25ng/mL, 79.12%, 86.15%, and 73.32%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.865 (95% CI = 0.754-0.903). Close monitoring of cfDNA levels in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients in real-time can be used for early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang,41 Hailian Road, Lianyungang222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy,The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang,41 Hailian Road,Lianyungang222000, Jiangsu, China
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Koo B, Jun E, Liu H, Kim EJ, Park YY, Lim SB, Kim SC, Shin Y. A biocomposite-based rapid sampling assay for circulating cell-free DNA in liquid biopsy samples from human cancers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14932. [PMID: 32913285 PMCID: PMC7484795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs) in liquid biopsy samples are emerging as important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, and for predicting treatment outcomes. Many cfNA isolation methods have been developed recently. However, most of these techniques are time-consuming, complex, require large equipment, and yield low-purity cfNAs because the genetic background of normal cells is amplified during cell lysis, which limits their clinical application. Here, we report a rapid and simple cfNA sampling platform that can overcome the limitations of conventional methods. We synthesised a biocomposite by combining amine-modified diatomaceous earth (DE) and cucurbituril (CB). The biocomposite platform showed high capture efficiency (86.78-90.26%) with genomic DNA and amplified DNA products (777, 525 and 150 bp). The biocomposite platform allowed the isolation of high purity and quantity cfDNAs from the plasma of 13 cancer patients (three colorectal cancer and ten pancreatic cancer samples) without requiring a lysis step or special equipment. The biocomposite platform may be useful to isolate cfNAs for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonhan Koo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute of Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Jun
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute of Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eo Jin Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Byung Lim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute of Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute of Life Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sina AAI, Lin TY, Vaidyanathan R, Wang Z, Dey S, Wang J, Behren A, Wuethrich A, Carrascosa LG, Trau M. Methylation dependent gold adsorption behaviour identifies cancer derived extracellular vesicular DNA. Nanoscale Horiz 2020; 5:1317-1323. [PMID: 32530449 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) play a major role in intercellular communication by transmitting cellular materials (e.g. protein, RNA) among distant cells. Recent evidence suggests that they could also contribute to carrying DNA which could inform on the mutational status of the parent tumour DNA. Thus, the fundamental analysis of evDNA could open a better understanding of tumour metastasis and provide new pathways for noninvasive detection and monitoring of cancer. To explore the potential of evDNA for diagnostics, the isolation of pure evDNA from body fluids free of cfDNA contamination is crucial. Herein, we use a liposome based model system to develop an improved evDNA isolation protocol free from cfDNA contamination and evaluate the methylation dependent physicochemical properties of evDNA to develop a simple test for detecting cancer evDNA. Using a highly sensitive multiplex microelectrode device, we demonstrate that serum-evDNA derived from cancer patients show different solution and surface based properties than normal evDNA due to their different methylation landscape (i.e. methylscape). This microdevice allows simultaneous analysis of multiple samples in a single platform from as low as 500 pg μL-1 of evDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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12
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Sholl LM, Oxnard GR, Paweletz CP. Traditional Diagnostics versus Disruptive Technology: The Role of the Pathologist in the Era of Liquid Biopsy. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3197-3199. [PMID: 32606002 PMCID: PMC8290882 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine in cancer care is predicated on access to several fundamental pieces of data: (i) a precise tumor diagnosis, (ii) accurate stage classification, and (iii) protein or molecular biomarkers that predict efficacy of targeted therapies. For all patients with cancer, these data points are generated by obtaining a tumor sample and subjecting it to analysis by a pathologist and, when appropriate, a molecular pathologist. While tumor diagnosis and pathologic staging (gross and microscopic examination of the primary tumor and draining lymph nodes) require the infrastructure and expertise of an anatomic pathology program, the advent of "liquid biopsy" has driven a shift in molecular biomarker testing away from local pathology laboratories and into high-throughput, centralized (and often for-profit) laboratories. What does this mean for patient care? How is the role of the pathologist affected? What are the implications for integration of diagnostic information and ultimately for appropriate therapy selection? This article will consider the current testing landscape, address current challenges in the use of liquid biopsy in clinical practice, and consider ways the pathologist should be involved in interpreting liquid biopsy data in the context of the patient's cancer diagnosis and stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Geoffrey R Oxnard
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cloud P Paweletz
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Chen N, Li G, Li H, Xiang X, Guo G, Ma Q, Zhang Y. Plasma cfDNA as a potential treatment monitoring and prognostic index in patients withnon-small cell lung cancer. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020; 66:208-213. [PMID: 33040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with NSCLC (n = 154) treated with gefitinib were recruited over a 5-year period for this study, and served as the observation group (79 males and 75 females, mean age = 53.74 ± 10.86 years). The control group (normal healthy individuals) consisted of 30 males and 22 females, aged 44 - 64 years (mean age = 54.12 ± 9.83 years). The follow-up lasted 5 years, or until the patient relapsed and died. The plasma level of cfDNA was determined in patients 1 day before treatment, 3 days after treatment, and on the 28th day of treatment.Based on the cfDNA expression level, NSCLC patients were subdivided into high-expression and low-expression groups, and differences in survival were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on factors affecting patients survival using COX. Total effectiveness was significantly higher in observation group (49.35%) than in control group (13.95 %) (p<0.05). The extent of disease control wasalso significantly higher in the observation group (93.51 %) than in control group (p<0.05). Plasma cfDNA level of NSCLCpatients was significantly higher than that of control group before treatment, but was significantly and time-dependently reduced after gefitinib treatment (p<0.05). Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level increased with severity of disease (p<0.05). Patients in cfDNA low-expression group had significantly higher chances of survival than those in the high-expression group (p<0.05). The results of Cox multivariate analysis showed that pathological severity and cfDNA concentration were independent factors affecting prognosis of NSCLC (p<0.05). Plasma cfDNA is a potential prognostic index in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Yunnan 650118, China
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14
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Singh AK, Talseth-Palmer B, McPhillips M, Lavik LAS, Xavier A, Drabløs F, Sjursen W. Targeted sequencing of genes associated with the mismatch repair pathway in patients with endometrial cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235613. [PMID: 32634176 PMCID: PMC7340288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline variants inactivating the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 cause Lynch syndrome that implies an increased cancer risk, where colon and endometrial cancer are the most frequent. Identification of these pathogenic variants is important to identify endometrial cancer patients with inherited increased risk of new cancers, in order to offer them lifesaving surveillance. However, several other genes are also part of the MMR pathway. It is therefore relevant to search for variants in additional genes that may be associated with cancer risk by including all known genes involved in the MMR pathway. Next-generation sequencing was used to screen 22 genes involved in the MMR pathway in constitutional DNA extracted from full blood from 199 unselected endometrial cancer patients. Bioinformatic pipelines were developed for identification and functional annotation of variants, using several different software tools and custom programs. This facilitated identification of 22 exonic, 4 UTR and 9 intronic variants that could be classified according to pathogenicity. This study has identified several germline variants in genes of the MMR pathway that potentially may be associated with an increased risk for cancer, in particular endometrial cancer, and therefore are relevant for further investigation. We have also developed bioinformatics strategies to analyse targeted sequencing data, including low quality data and genomic regions outside of the protein coding exons of the relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bente Talseth-Palmer
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Research and Development, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway
| | - Mary McPhillips
- NSW Health Pathology, Molecular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alexandre Xavier
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wenche Sjursen
- Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Zviran A, Schulman RC, Shah M, Hill STK, Deochand S, Khamnei CC, Maloney D, Patel K, Liao W, Widman AJ, Wong P, Callahan MK, Ha G, Reed S, Rotem D, Frederick D, Sharova T, Miao B, Kim T, Gydush G, Rhoades J, Huang KY, Omans ND, Bolan PO, Lipsky AH, Ang C, Malbari M, Spinelli CF, Kazancioglu S, Runnels AM, Fennessey S, Stolte C, Gaiti F, Inghirami GG, Adalsteinsson V, Houck-Loomis B, Ishii J, Wolchok JD, Boland G, Robine N, Altorki NK, Landau DA. Genome-wide cell-free DNA mutational integration enables ultra-sensitive cancer monitoring. Nat Med 2020; 26:1114-1124. [PMID: 32483360 PMCID: PMC8108131 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In many areas of oncology, we lack sensitive tools to track low-burden disease. Although cell-free DNA (cfDNA) shows promise in detecting cancer mutations, we found that the combination of low tumor fraction (TF) and limited number of DNA fragments restricts low-disease-burden monitoring through the prevailing deep targeted sequencing paradigm. We reasoned that breadth may supplant depth of sequencing to overcome the barrier of cfDNA abundance. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of cfDNA allowed ultra-sensitive detection, capitalizing on the cumulative signal of thousands of somatic mutations observed in solid malignancies, with TF detection sensitivity as low as 10-5. The WGS approach enabled dynamic tumor burden tracking and postoperative residual disease detection, associated with adverse outcome. Thus, we present an orthogonal framework for cfDNA cancer monitoring via genome-wide mutational integration, enabling ultra-sensitive detection, overcoming the limitation of cfDNA abundance and empowering treatment optimization in low-disease-burden oncology care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Zviran
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael C Schulman
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Steven T K Hill
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Deochand
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cole C Khamnei
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kristofer Patel
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Will Liao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Widman
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret K Callahan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Division of Public Health Services, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Reed
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Denisse Rotem
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennie Frederick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatyana Sharova
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benchun Miao
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tommy Kim
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Greg Gydush
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Y Huang
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Omans
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick O Bolan
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew H Lipsky
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chelston Ang
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murtaza Malbari
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Federico Gaiti
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dan A Landau
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Participation goals for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the USA have not been met. Non-invasive screening strategies may improve CRC screening participation. We highlight recent literature on stool-based screening performance and expectations for emerging non-invasive screening tests. RECENT FINDINGS Stool-based CRC screening detects screen-relevant colorectal neoplasia and outperforms a currently available plasma assay. Though modestly sensitive for CRC, adherence to annual fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is sub-optimal. Multi-target stool DNA (MT-sDNA) has greater adherence, superior sensitivity for screen-relevant lesions (including those in the proximal colon and sessile serrated architecture), and equivalent specificity to FIT over a 3-year period. Stool-based CRC screening tests are anticipated to reduce the incidence and mortality of CRC through detection of early-stage cancers and high-risk polyps. These endpoints in performance will need to be met by emerging blood sample-based tests in order have meaningful impact in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Ebner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John B Kisiel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Hau SO, Petersson A, Nodin B, Karnevi E, Boman K, Williamsson C, Eberhard J, Leandersson K, Gisselsson D, Heby M, Jirström K. Chemotherapy, host response and molecular dynamics in periampullary cancer: the CHAMP study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:308. [PMID: 32293352 PMCID: PMC7161011 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis. Despite profound medical advances in systemic therapies for other types of aggressive tumours during recent years, a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is still often synonymous with a fatal outcome. The term periampullary cancer includes pancreatic cancer and applies to the group of tumours found in proximity to the ampulla of Vater. Molecular events and immune response in the host during chemotherapy remain largely unexplored in this group of tumours. Therefore, the "Chemotherapy, Host Response and Molecular Dynamics in Periampullary Cancer (CHAMP)" study aims to monitor these processes to gain new insight into this perplexing disease. METHODS The CHAMP study is a prospective, single-arm observational study. All patients diagnosed with pancreatic or other periampullary adenocarcinoma undergoing adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy treatment in the Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, are invited to participate. Clinical and pathological data will be compiled at study entry. A single tissue microarray (TMA) block is constructed for each patient with a resected tumour and blood samples are drawn before, during and after chemotherapy in order to sample peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), cytokines and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Next generation sequencing will be performed on tumour tissue and ctDNA to detect changes in the clonal landscape over space and time. DISCUSSION Despite the recent emergence of some promising biomarkers for periampullary cancer, there has been a lack of success in clinical implementation. Cancer cells continuously adapt and become resistant to treatment during chemotherapy. To be able to keep pace with and hopefully overtake this rapid evolution we must, with the help of new diagnostic tools, be ready to adapt and alter treatment accordingly. It seems to us that the only way forward is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease during treatment. With insights gained from the CHAMP study we hope to find answers to key questions in this largely unexplored territory. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered 30th October 2018 at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03724994.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Olsson Hau
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Alexandra Petersson
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Karnevi
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Boman
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Williamsson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Gisselsson
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Heby
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
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Chen C, Huang X, Yin W, Peng M, Wu F, Wu X, Tang J, Chen M, Wang X, Hulbert A, Brock MV, Liu W, Herman JG, Yu F. Ultrasensitive DNA hypermethylation detection using plasma for early detection of NSCLC: a study in Chinese patients with very small nodules. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:39. [PMID: 32138766 PMCID: PMC7057485 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We had previously developed highly sensitive DNA methylation detection to diagnose lung cancer in patients with pulmonary nodules. To validate this approach and determine clinical utility in Chinese patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy for early stage lung cancer in plasma samples. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with CT-detected small lung nodules (diameter ≤ 3.0 cm) were included. Cases (n = 163) had staged IA or IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while controls (n = 83) had non-cancerous lesions. Promoter methylation of eight lung cancer-specific genes (CDO1, TAC1, SOX17, HOXA7, HOXA9, GATA4, GATA5, and PAX5) was detected using nanoparticle-based DNA extraction (MOB) followed by qMSP. RESULTS Methylation detection for CDO1, TAC1, SOX17, and HOXA7 in plasma was significantly higher in cases compared with the benign group (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer diagnosis using individual gene was 41-69% and 49-82%. A three-gene combination of the best individual genes has sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 71%, with area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.88, (95% CI 0.84-0.93). Furthermore, three-gene combinations detected even the smallest lung nodules, with the combination of CDO1, SOX17, and HOXA7 having the overall best performance, while the combination of CDO1, TAC1, and SOX17 was best in tumor sizes less than 1.0 cm. CONCLUSIONS Using modified MOB-qMSP, high sensitivity and specificity, for the detection of circulating tumor DNA was obtained for early stage NSCLC. This strategy has great potential to identify patients at high risk and improve the diagnosis of lung cancer at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - James G Herman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Buder A, Setinek U, Hochmair MJ, Schwab S, Kirchbacher K, Keck A, Burghuber OC, Pirker R, Filipits M. EGFR Mutations in Cell-free Plasma DNA from Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma: Improved Detection by Droplet Digital PCR. Target Oncol 2020; 14:197-203. [PMID: 30810887 PMCID: PMC6453866 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Analysis of cell-free DNA from blood could provide an alternative method for identifying genomic changes in the tumors of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Objective We compared the performance of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 (Cobas) for detecting EGFR mutations in cell-free plasma DNA. Patients and Methods Plasma samples from patients with advanced EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed for EGFR T790M, exon 19 deletions, and L858R mutations by both ddPCR and Cobas. Results T790M testing was performed in 354 plasma samples collected from 129 patients. The concordance rate between ddPCR and Cobas for T790M, sensitivity, and specificity were 86, 100, and 85%, respectively. Exon 19 deletions were analyzed in 196 plasma samples obtained from 71 of the 129 patients using both platforms. The concordance rate between ddPCR and Cobas for exon 19 deletions, sensitivity, and specificity were 90, 92, and 89%, respectively. L858R mutations were studied in 124 plasma samples obtained from 44 of the 129 patients using both assays. The concordance rate between ddPCR and Cobas for L858R, sensitivity, and specificity were 90, 91, and 89%, respectively. In patients who progressed under treatment with an EGFR TKI (n = 50), the T790M positivity rate was 66% using ddPCR, but only 24% using Cobas. Conclusions We observed a high concordance between ddPCR and Cobas in detecting EGFR mutations in plasma samples of patients with advanced EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, but ddPCR was more sensitive than Cobas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Buder
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Setinek
- Institute for Pathology and Bacteriology, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian J Hochmair
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Otto Wagner Hospital and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia Schwab
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Otto Wagner Hospital and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Otto C Burghuber
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, Otto Wagner Hospital and Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Pirker
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Filipits
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Fabišíková K, Behulová RL, Repiska V. Molecular biomarkers in the diagnostic of patients with colorectal cancer. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2019; 40:215-221. [PMID: 32112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently a well-known and studied issue in experimental research. Worldwide it is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women. 70-80% of cases occur sporadically. Most CRCs develop from adenomas. The transition from normal epithelium to adenoma and finally into carcinoma is associated with acquired molecular events. In 5-10 % of cases, CRC develops from germline mutations in cancer-predisposing genes. 15% of patients have a family history of CRC that suggests a hereditary contribution, common exposures or shared risk factors among family members. Genetic alterations in cancer-related genes represent prognostic and predictive CRC biomarkers. Genetic testing of individuals with newly diagnosed CRC as well as of asymptomatic relatives can lead to improved outcomes for the patient and at-risk family members. Discovery of circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) promises an improvement of the CRC diagnostics. ctDNA shares common genetic alterations with the primary tumor so it allows non-invasive monitoring of the disease over time. This review is focused on the principal molecular biomarkers associated with CRC and on the key characteristics of initiation and progression of CRC including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and signaling pathways where this deregulation leads to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Fabišíková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, LFUK, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Regina Lohajová Behulová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Heydukova 10, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, LFUK, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Siravegna G, Mussolin B, Venesio T, Marsoni S, Seoane J, Dive C, Papadopoulos N, Kopetz S, Corcoran RB, Siu LL, Bardelli A. How liquid biopsies can change clinical practice in oncology. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1580-1590. [PMID: 31373349 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA fragments are shed into the bloodstream by tumor cells. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), commonly known as liquid biopsy, can be exploited for a variety of clinical applications. ctDNA is being used to genotype solid cancers non-invasively, to track tumor dynamics and to detect the emergence of drug resistance. In a few settings, liquid biopsies have already entered clinical practice. For example, ctDNA is used to guide treatment in a subset of lung cancers. In this review, we discuss how recent improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy of ctDNA analyses have led to unprecedented advances in this research field. We further consider what is required for the routine deployment of liquid biopsies in the clinical diagnostic space. We pinpoint technical hurdles that liquid biopsies have yet to overcome, including preanalytical and analytical challenges. We foresee how liquid biopsies will transform clinical practice: by complementing (or replacing) imaging to monitor treatment response and by detecting minimal residual disease after surgery with curative intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Siravegna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - B Mussolin
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - T Venesio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - S Marsoni
- IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncología Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - J Seoane
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group and Manchester Centre for Cancer Biomarker Sciences, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - S Kopetz
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R B Corcoran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - L L Siu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
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Miao Y, Fan Y, Zhang L, Ma T, Li R. Clinical value of plasma cfDNA concentration and integrity in breast cancer patients. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2019; 65:64-72. [PMID: 31472049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the glandular epithelial tissues of the breast. It is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. This study was aimed at investigating the role of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a potential biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. Patients with primary breast cancer (n =110) were enrolled in the experimental group, 95 patients with benign breast tumors were in control group 1, while 90 healthy volunteers were in control group 2. Quantitative PCR was used to determine cfDNA concentration and integrity in each group. The cfDNA levels in different groups and their relationship with clinical features of breast cancer patients were analyzed. Receiver operational curves were established to analyze sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA concentration, cfDNA integrity, CEA, CA125 and CA15-3. The cfDNA concentration and cfDNA integrity of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of control groups 1 and 2. The cfDNA concentration and integrity in plasma of experimental group after chemotherapy were significantly lower than those before chemotherapy. While CEA and CA15-3 expressions were significantly correlated with cfDNA concentration, CA125 expression was significantly correlated with cfDNA integrity. Results from ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of cfDNA concentration and integrity were higher than those of traditional tumor biomarkers. These results indicate that cfDNA concentration and integrity are significantly higher in primary breast cancer patients than in benign breast tumor patients and healthy people. Thus, cfDNA may serve as a potential biomarker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Miao
- Department of Oncology, the First People's Hospital of Nantong. No.6, Haierxiang North Road, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingrui Fan
- Department of Oncology, TaiKang XianLin Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. No.188, Lingshan North Road, Qixia District, 210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First People's Hospital of Nantong. No.6, Haierxiang North Road, 226001 Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Department of Oncology, TaiKang XianLin Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. No.188, Lingshan North Road, Qixia District, 210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Oncology, TaiKang XianLin Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. No.188, Lingshan North Road, Qixia District, 210046 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Pasic MD. The search for a new test of early cancer detection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:e139-e140. [PMID: 30485172 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Pasic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Joseph's Health Centre, 30 The Queensway, Toronto, ON M6R 1B5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, Phone: (+416) 530-6263
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Makarov M, Peled N, Shochat T, Zer A, Rotem O, Dudnik E. Circulating Tumor DNA T790M Testing as a Predictor of Osimertinib Efficacy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single Center Experience. Isr Med Assoc J 2019; 21:394-398. [PMID: 31280508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main acquired resistance mechanism to first- and second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the propagation of T790M clones, which can be detected in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). OBJECTIVES To analyze osimertinib outcomes according to T790M testing method. METHODS The study comprised 33 consecutive patients with advanced EGFR mutant NSCLC who were diagnosed with a T790M mutation after progression on first- or second-generation EGFR TKIs and treated with osimertinib. The patients were divided into groups A (diagnosed by tumor testing) and B (by ctDNA testing). Osimertinib outcomes were compared between the groups. RESULTS Objective response rate with osimertinib comprised 54% and 62% in groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.58). Median progression-free survival (PFS) with osimertinib was 8.9 months (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.8-17.5) and 9.1 months (95%Cl 5.3-12.6) in groups A and B, respectively (log-rank test 0.12, P = 0.73). Median overall survival (OS) was 13.8 months (95%CI 4.9-25.5) and 13.8 months (95%Cl 7.7-27.7) in groups A and B, respectively (log-rank test 0.09, P = 0.75). T790M testing technique did not affect PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, 95%CI 0.50-2.69, P = 0.73) or OS (HR = 1.16, 95%CI 0.45-3.01, P = 0.76). The proportion of patients diagnosed by ctDNA grew from 56% in 2015 to 67% in 2016-2017. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a ctDNA validation for the purpose of T790M testing in EGFR mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nir Peled
- Oncology Division, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tzippy Shochat
- Statistical Consulting Unit, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alona Zer
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ofer Rotem
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Dudnik
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva, Israel
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Arko-Boham B, Aryee NA, Blay RM, Owusu EDA, Tagoe EA, Doris Shackie ES, Debrah AB, Adu-Aryee NA. Circulating cell-free DNA integrity as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast and prostate cancers. Cancer Genet 2019; 235-236:65-71. [PMID: 31105051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer incidence and its related mortality is rising and is currently the second leading cause of death globally. In Africa, breast and prostate cancer in females and males, respectively, are the worst globally. However, biomarkers for their early detection and prognosis are not well developed. This study sought to investigate circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) integrity and its potential utility as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is degraded DNA fragments released into the blood plasma. In healthy individuals, the source of ccfDNA is solely apoptosis, producing evenly sized shorter DNA fragments. In cancer patients, however, necrosis produces uneven longer cell-free DNA fragments in addition to the shorter fragments originating from apoptosis. DNA integrity, expressed as the ratio of longer fragments to total DNA, may be clinically useful for the detection of breast and prostate cancer progression. METHODS Sixty-four (64) females, consisting of 32 breast cancer patients and 32 controls, and 61 males (31 prostate cancer patients and 30 controls) were included in the study. Each participant donated 5 ml peripheral blood from which sera were separated. Real-time qPCR was performed on the sera to quantify ALU 115 and 247 levels, and DNA integrity (ALU247/ALU115) determined. RESULTS & CONCLUSION ALU species 115 and 247 levels in serum were elevated in breast and prostate cancer patients compared to their counterpart healthy controls. DNA integrity was higher in prostate cancer patients than in the control, but in breast cancer patients was lower compared to their controls. In prostate but not in breast cancers, DNA integrity increased with disease severity and higher staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Arko-Boham
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana; Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Nii Ayite Aryee
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Michael Blay
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ewurama Dedea Ampadu Owusu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana; Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 226601100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Foundation for Innovative and New Diagnostics (FIND), 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana; West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eshirow-Sam Doris Shackie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama Boatemaa Debrah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nii Armah Adu-Aryee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box, 77 Accra, Ghana
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28
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Kemp Jacobsen K, Johansen JS, Mellemgaard A, Bojesen SE. AHRR (cg05575921) methylation extent of leukocyte DNA and lung cancer survival. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211745. [PMID: 30730943 PMCID: PMC6366765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have shown that AHRR (cg05575921) hypomethylation may be a marker of smoking, lung cancer risk and potentially lung cancer survival (in some lung cancer subtypes). It is unknown if AHRR (cg05575921) hypomethylation is associated with reduced survival among lung cancer patients. METHODS In bisulfite treated leukocyte DNA from 465 lung cancer patients from the Copenhagen prospective lung cancer study, we measured AHRR (cg05575921) methylation. 380 died during max follow-up of 4.4 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze survival as a function of AHRR (cg05575921) methylation. RESULTS We observed the expected inverse correlation between cumulative smoking and AHRR methylation, as methylation (%) decreased (Coefficient -0.03; 95% confidence interval, -0.04- -0.02, p = 8.6x10-15) for every pack-year. Cumulative smoking > 60 pack-years was associated with reduced survival (hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval 1.48; 1.05-2.09), however, AHRR (cg05575921) methylation was not associated with survival when adjusted for sex, body mass index, smoking status, ethnicity, performance status, TNM Classification, and histology type of lung cancer. CONCLUSION AHRR (cg05575921) methylation is linked to smoking but does not provide independent prognostic information in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kemp Jacobsen
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Health and Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jakob Sidenius Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Mellemgaard
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Egil Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zugazagoitia J, Ramos I, Trigo JM, Palka M, Gómez-Rueda A, Jantus-Lewintre E, Camps C, Isla D, Iranzo P, Ponce-Aix S, García-Campelo R, Provencio M, Franco F, Bernabé R, Juan-Vidal O, Felip E, de Castro J, Sanchez-Torres JM, Faul I, Lanman RB, Garrido P, Paz-Ares L. Clinical utility of plasma-based digital next-generation sequencing in patients with advance-stage lung adenocarcinomas with insufficient tumor samples for tissue genotyping. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:290-296. [PMID: 30535340 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of tumor biopsies from patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinomas yield insufficient tissue for successful molecular subtyping. We have analyzed the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients with inadequate tumor samples for tissue genotyping. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted the study in a multi-institutional prospective cohort of clinically unselected patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinomas with insufficient tissue for EGFR, ALK or ROS1 genotyping across 12 Spanish institutions (n = 93). ctDNA NGS was carried out by Guardant Health (Guardant360, Redwood City, CA), using a hybrid-capture-based 73-gene panel. Variants were deemed actionable if they were part of the OncoKB precision oncology knowledge database and classified in four levels of actionability based on their clinical or preclinical evidence for drug response. RESULTS Eighty-three out of 93 patients (89%) had detectable levels of ctDNA. Potentially actionable level 1-4 genomic alterations were detected in 53 cases (57%), of which 13 (14%) had level 1-2A alterations (Food and Drug Administration-approved and standard-care biomarkers according to lung cancer guidelines). Frequencies of each genomic alteration in ctDNA were consistent with those observed in unselected pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The majority of the patients (62%), particularly those with actionable alterations (87%), had more than one pathogenic variant in ctDNA. The median turnaround time to genomic results was 13 days. Twelve patients (13%) received genotype-matched therapies based on ctDNA results, deriving the expected clinical benefit. Patients with co-occurring pathogenic alterations had a significantly shorter median overall survival as compared with patients without co-occurring pathogenic alteration (multivariate hazard ratio = 5.35, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Digital NGS of ctDNA in lung cancers with insufficient tumor samples for tissue sequencing detects actionable variants that frequently co-occur with other potentially clinically relevant genomic alterations, allowing timely initiation of genotype-matched therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zugazagoitia
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Ramos
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - J M Trigo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Palka
- Medical Oncology Department, IRYCIS Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gómez-Rueda
- Medical Oncology Department, IRYCIS Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Jantus-Lewintre
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Biotechnology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Camps
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Medicine Department, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Isla
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Iranzo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - S Ponce-Aix
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - R García-Campelo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Franco
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bernabé
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vírgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - O Juan-Vidal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Felip
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J de Castro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Sanchez-Torres
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Faul
- Medical Affairs, Guardant Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R B Lanman
- Medical Affairs, Guardant Health, Redwood City, USA
| | - P Garrido
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, IRYCIS Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Paz-Ares
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and i+12 Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Abstract
Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is an easily accessible source of tumor DNA that allows accurate profiling of lymphoma patients, representing a complementary source of tumor DNA to tissue biopsy for genotyping. Applications of cfDNA analysis in lymphomas include: (1) identification of tumor mutations in a biopsy-free manner; (2) tracking tumor clonal evolution and identification of mutations causing resistance to treatment; and (3) monitoring of residual disease after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Adalgisa Condoluci
- Division of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Spina
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Damin F, Galbiati S, Soriani N, Burgio V, Ronzoni M, Ferrari M, Chiari M. Analysis of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutational profile by combination of in-tube hybridization and universal tag-microarray in tumor tissue and plasma of colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207876. [PMID: 30562355 PMCID: PMC6298683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microarray technology fails in detecting point mutations present in a small fraction of cells from heterogeneous tissue samples or in plasma in a background of wild-type cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The aim of this study is to overcome the lack of sensitivity and specificity of current microarray approaches introducing a rapid and sensitive microarray-based assay for the multiplex detection of minority mutations of oncogenes (KRAS, NRAS and BRAF) with relevant diagnostics implications in tissue biopsies and plasma samples in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. In our approach, either wild-type or mutated PCR fragments are hybridized in solution, in a temperature gradient, with a set of reporters with a 5' domain, complementary to the target sequences and a 3' domain complementary to a surface immobilized probe. Upon specific hybridization in solution, which occurs specifically thanks to the temperature gradients, wild-type and mutated samples are captured at specific location on the surface by hybridization of the 3' reporter domain with its complementary immobilized probe sequence. The most common mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF genes were detected in less than 90 minutes in tissue biopsies and plasma samples of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, the method was able to reveal mutant alleles representing less than 0,3% of total DNA. We demonstrated detection limits superior to those provided by many current technologies in the detection of RAS and BRAF gene superfamily mutations, a level of sensitivity compatible with the analysis of cell free circulating tumor DNA in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Damin
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia Galbiati
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Soriani
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Burgio
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ronzoni
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Unit of Genomic for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milano, Italy
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Rohanizadegan M. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Cancer Genet 2018; 228-229:159-168. [PMID: 29572011 PMCID: PMC6108954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite all the advances in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, a large number of patients suffer from late diagnosis or recurrence of their disease. Current available imaging modalities do not reveal micrometastasis and tumor biopsy is an invasive method to detect early stage or recurrent cancer, signifying the need for an inexpensive, non-invasive diagnostic modality. Cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been tried for early detection and targeted therapy of breast cancer, but its diagnostic and prognostic utility is still under investigation. This review summarizes the existing evidence on the use of ctDNA specifically in breast cancer, including detection methods, diagnostic accuracy, role in genetics and epigenetics evaluation of the tumor, and comparison with other biomarkers. Current evidence suggests that increasing levels of ctDNA in breast cancer can be of significant diagnostic value for early detection of breast cancer although the sensitivity and specificity of the methods is still suboptimal. Additionally, ctDNA allows for characterizing the tumor in a non-invasive way and monitor the response to therapy, although discordance of ctDNA results with direct biopsy (i.e. due to tumor heterogeneity) is still considered a notable limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Rohanizadegan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer still remains the most lethal female cancer, since in most cases it is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Usually after completion of primary treatment chemoresistance occurs, and recurrent disease is finally observed. Liquid biopsy, based on minimally invasive and serial blood tests, has the advantage of following tumor evolution in real time, offering novel insights on precision medicine. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating cell-free microRNAs (cfmiRNAs) and circulating exosomes represent the major components of liquid biopsy analysis. Liquid biopsy has been already implemented in ovarian cancer, and most studies so far are mainly focused on CTCs and ctDNA. This review is mainly focused on the clinical potential of circulating miRNAs and exosomes as a source of liquid biopsy biomarkers in ovarian cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giannopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Zavridou
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Evi S Lianidou
- Department of Chemistry, Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus, Athens, Greece.
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Schrock AB, Welsh A, Chung JH, Pavlick D, Bernicker EH, Creelan BC, Forcier B, Ross JS, Stephens PJ, Ali SM, Dagogo-Jack I, Shaw AT, Li T, Ou SHI, Miller VA. Hybrid Capture-Based Genomic Profiling of Circulating Tumor DNA from Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:255-264. [PMID: 30368012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic profiling informs selection of matched targeted therapies as part of routine clinical care in NSCLC. Tissue biopsy is the criterion standard; however, genomic profiling of blood-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative. METHODS Hybrid capture-based genomic profiling of 62 genes was performed on blood-based ctDNA from 1552 patients with NSCLC. RESULTS Evidence of ctDNA was detected in 80% of samples, and in 86% of these cases, at least one reportable genomic alteration (GA) was detected. Frequently altered genes were tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) (59%), EGFR (25%), and KRAS (17%). Comparative analysis with a tissue genomic database (N = 21,500) showed similar frequencies of GAs per gene, although KRAS mutation and EGFR T790M were more frequent in tissue and ctDNA, respectively (both p < 0.0001), likely reflecting the use of liquid versus tissue biopsy after relapse during targeted therapy. In temporally matched ctDNA and tissue samples from 33 patients with evidence of ctDNA in their blood, 64% of GAs detected in tissue were also detected in ctDNA, including 78% of short variants (58 of 74) and 100% of rearrangements (four of four), but only 16% of amplifications (four of 25). CONCLUSIONS Genomic profiling of ctDNA detected clinically relevant GAs in a significant subset of NSCLC cases. Most alterations detected in matched tissue were also detected in ctDNA. These results suggest the utility of ctDNA testing in advanced NSCLC as a complementary approach to tissue testing. Blood-based ctDNA testing may be particularly useful at the time of progression during targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon H Chung
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dean Pavlick
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Benjamin C Creelan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, California
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Boysen AK, Sørensen BS, Lefevre AC, Abrantes R, Johansen JS, Jensen BV, Schou JV, Larsen FO, Nielsen D, Taflin H, Gustavson B, Wettergren Y, Sorensen BS, Ree AH, Dueland S, Pallisgaard N, Spindler KL. Methodological development and biological observations of cell free DNA with a simple direct fluorescent assay in colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 487:107-111. [PMID: 30240586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell free DNA (cfDNA) has shown promising utility as prognostic biomarker for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), with an ongoing need to optimize and validate the laboratory methodology. Here, we report our optimization and validation of a direct fluorescent assay and display the potential utility in patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS Plasma cfDNA was analyzed by a direct fluorescent assay (DFA) and compared to quantification by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). For clinical validation, baseline blood samples were available for a total of 273 patients from six different Nordic trials, covering patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (n = 176, cohorts A + B), liver limited metastatic CRC (n = 75C + D) and wide spread metastatic CRC (n = 22 E + F). RESULTS Validating the DFA analysis with ddPCR revealed a strong correlation with an R2 of 0.81. For the clinical cohorts, the levels of cfDNA were: 0.8 ng/uL (95%CI 0.75-0.83) (A + B), 0.93 ng/uL (95%CI 0.86-1.02) (C + D) and 1.2 ng/uL (95%CI 0.85-1.47) (E + F), respectively (p < 0.01). All cohorts of colorectal cancer had higher levels of cell free DNA than healthy individuals (n = 94) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Analysis of cell free DNA by a direct fluorescent assay could be an attractive laboratory option for a rapid inexpensive quantification of cell free DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Boysen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - B S Sørensen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A C Lefevre
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - R Abrantes
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J S Johansen
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - B V Jensen
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J V Schou
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - F O Larsen
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D Nielsen
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - H Taflin
- Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Gustavson
- Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Y Wettergren
- Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B S Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - A H Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Norway
| | - S Dueland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - N Pallisgaard
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - K L Spindler
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Chennakrishnaiah S, Meehan B, D'Asti E, Montermini L, Lee TH, Karatzas N, Buchanan M, Tawil N, Choi D, Divangahi M, Basik M, Rak J. Leukocytes as a reservoir of circulating oncogenic DNA and regulatory targets of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1800-1813. [PMID: 29971917 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Tumor-bearing mice were employed to follow oncogenic HRAS sequences in plasma, and blood cells. Cancer DNA accumulated in leukocytes above levels detected in exosomes, platelets and plasma. Extracellular vesicles and nucleosomes are required for uptake of tumor DNA by leukocytes. Uptake of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles by leukocytes triggers coagulant phenotype. SUMMARY Background Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and free nucleosomes (NSs) carry into the circulation a wealth of cancer-specific, bioactive and poorly understood molecular cargoes, including genomic DNA (gDNA). Objective Here we investigated the distribution of extracellular oncogenic gDNA sequences (HRAS and HER2) in the circulation of tumor-bearing mice. Methods and Results Surprisingly, circulating leukocytes (WBCs), especially neutrophils, contained the highest levels of mutant gDNA, which exceeded the amount of this material recovered from soluble fractions of plasma, circulating EVs, platelets, red blood cells (RBCs) and peripheral organs, as quantified by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Tumor excision resulted in disappearance of the WBC-associated gDNA signal within 2-9 days, which is in line with the expected half-life of these cells. EVs and nucleosomes were essential for the uptake of tumor-derived extracellular DNA by neutrophil-like cells and impacted their phenotype. Indeed, the exposure of granulocytic HL-60 cells to EVs from HRAS-driven cancer cells resulted in a selective increase in tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production. The levels of circulating thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT) were markedly elevated in mice harboring HRAS-driven xenografts. Conclusions Myeloid cells may represent a hitherto unrecognized reservoir of cancer-derived, EV/NS-associated oncogenic gDNA in the circulation, and a possible novel platform for liquid biopsy in cancer. In addition, uptake of this material alters the phenotype of myeloid cells, induces procoagulant and proinflammatory activity and may contribute to systemic effects associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chennakrishnaiah
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Meehan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E D'Asti
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L Montermini
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - T-H Lee
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Karatzas
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Buchanan
- Department of Oncology and Surgery, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Tawil
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Choi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Basik
- Department of Oncology and Surgery, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Rak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Belic J, Graf R, Bauernhofer T, Cherkas Y, Ulz P, Waldispuehl‐Geigl J, Perakis S, Gormley M, Patel J, Li W, Geigl JB, Smirnov D, Heitzer E, Gross M, Speicher MR. Genomic alterations in plasma DNA from patients with metastasized prostate cancer receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1236-1248. [PMID: 29574703 PMCID: PMC6099279 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis offers novel opportunities for the development of non-invasive biomarkers informative of treatment response with novel agents targeting the androgen-receptor (AR) pathway, such as abiraterone or enzalutamide. However, the relationship between ctDNA abundance, detectable somatic genomic alterations and clinical progression of mCRPC remains unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate changes in plasma DNA during disease progression and their associations with clinical variables in mCRPC patients. We analyzed ctDNA in two cohorts including 94 plasma samples from 25 treatment courses (23 patients) and 334 plasma samples from 125 patients, respectively. We conducted whole-genome sequencing (plasma-Seq) for genome-wide profiling of somatic copy number alterations and targeted sequencing of 31 prostate cancer-associated genes. The combination of plasma-Seq with targeted AR analyses identified prostate cancer-related genomic alterations in 16 of 25 (64%) treatment courses in the first cohort, in which we demonstrated that AR amplification does not always correlate with poor abiraterone and enzalutamide therapy outcome. As we observed a wide variability of ctDNA levels, we evaluated ctDNA levels and their association with clinical parameters and included the second, larger cohort for these analyses. Employing altogether 428 longitudinal plasma samples from 148 patients, we identified the presence of bone metastases, increased lactate dehydrogenase and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as having the strongest association with high ctDNA levels. In summary, ctDNA alterations are observable in the majority of patients with mCRPC and may eventually be useful to guide clinical decision-making in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Belic
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Ricarda Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Division of OncologyMedical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15A‐8036GrazAustria
| | - Yauheniya Cherkas
- Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonJanssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLCSpring HousePA19477USA
| | - Peter Ulz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Julie Waldispuehl‐Geigl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Samantha Perakis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Michael Gormley
- Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonJanssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLCSpring HousePA19477USA
| | - Jaymala Patel
- Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonJanssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLCSpring HousePA19477USA
| | - Weimin Li
- Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonJanssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLCSpring HousePA19477USA
| | - Jochen B. Geigl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Denis Smirnov
- Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & JohnsonJanssen Oncology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLCSpring HousePA19477USA
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
| | - Mitchell Gross
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC, USC Westside Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 9033 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 300Beverly HillsCA90211USA
| | - Michael R. Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6A‐8010GrazAustria
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Abstract
Effective management of neuroendocrine tumors depends on early diagnosis, personalized risk stratification, and monitoring response to therapy. During cancer progression, tumors shed circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and microRNAs into the bloodstream. Analysis of these biomarkers offers the prospect of a liquid biopsy to predict/monitor therapeutic responses, assess drug resistance, and quantify residual disease. Compared with single-site biopsies, these entities have the potential to inform intratumor heterogeneity and tumor evolution in a reproducible and less invasive way. This article summarizes the state-of-the-art on the potential role of these markers as prognostic and predictive factors in neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maria Rizzo
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Li PF, Mao YZ, Bai B, Gao Y, Zhang YJ, Li ZM, Jiang WQ, Huang HQ. Persistent peripheral blood EBV-DNA positive with high expression of PD-L1 and upregulation of CD4 + CD25 + T cell ratio in early stage NK/T cell lymphoma patients may predict worse outcome. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:2381-2389. [PMID: 30116872 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine, oxaliplatin and L-asparaginase/pegylated asparaginase (P-GEMOX) treatment for early-stage extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is effective, some patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. We attempted to determine an optimal biomarker for identifying such patients. We enrolled 71 patients with ENKTL who received P-GEMOX between January 2011 and January 2014. We classified the patients according to the outcome into worse (died within 1 year) or better groups (survival time ≥ 3, 4 or 5 years). The area under the curve (AUC) was determined to identify the optimal biomarker for differentiating the groups. The AUC was highest in patients who were plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA-positive post-treatment. The AUC was 0.82, 0.86 and 0.86 when the worse group was compared to the better group, respectively. Among the post-treatment EBV DNA-positive patients, as compared to EBV DNA-negative patients, pre-treatment EBV DNA-positive patients had a higher proportion of CD4 + CD25 + T cells. There was higher programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1) expression in post-treatment EBV DNA-positive patients. Post-treatment positive EBV DNA status maybe a useful biomarker of worse outcomes in early stage ENKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ze Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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40
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Gurdal N, Fayda M, Alishev N, Bakir B, Tastekin D, Aykan F, Gezer U, Balik E, Saglam EK, Oral EN, Gulluoglu M, Kizir A. Neoadjuvant volumetric modulated arc therapy in rectal cancer and the correlation of pathological response with diffusion-weighted MRI and apoptotic markers. Tumori 2018; 104:266-272. [PMID: 29218690 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this prospective observational study, we aimed to report the applicability and tolerability of neoadjuvant volumetric modulated arc therapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB-VMAT) and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), and to evaluate the correlation of pathological response with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and apoptotic markers. METHODS The study enrolled 30 patients with T3 to T4 and/or N+ rectal cancer who preoperatively received SIB-VMAT and concurrent chemotherapy. Before and after the neoadjuvant treatment, apoptotic markers including the nucleosomes and cell-free DNA fragments in the serum samples were examined; DNA integrity was assessed by amplifying the ACTB gene; and the ADC measurements on the DW-MRI were analyzed. RESULTS No patients had acute or chronic grade III-IV toxicity. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in 8 patients (27%), while in 10 patients (33%) near-complete pathological response was obtained. Posttreatment ADC was significantly higher in patients with pCR compared with the others (1.28 vs. 1.10, p = 0.017). ROC curve analysis showed that posttreatment ADC values had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 77.3% for distinguishing the patients with pCR from other responders. On the other hand, posttreatment DNA integrity values were revealed lower than the pretreatment values (p = 0.36). Also, the results revealed an insignificant increase in the posttreatment serum level of nucleosomes (p = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant SIB-VMAT with concurrent chemotherapy was proved to be a feasible treatment regimen in LARC with tolerable side effects, and improved local control rate and pCR rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Gurdal
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Merdan Fayda
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Nijat Alishev
- 3 Department of Radiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Baris Bakir
- 3 Department of Radiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Didem Tastekin
- 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Faruk Aykan
- 4 Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Ugur Gezer
- 5 Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Emre Balik
- 6 Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Esra Kaytan Saglam
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Ethem Nezih Oral
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Mine Gulluoglu
- 7 Deparment of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kizir
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul - Turkey
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Payne K, Spruce R, Beggs A, Sharma N, Kong A, Martin T, Parmar S, Praveen P, Nankivell P, Mehanna H. Circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker and liquid biopsy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 40:1598-1604. [PMID: 29542214 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of circulating biochemical molecular markers in head and neck cancer holds the promise of improved diagnostics, treatment planning, and posttreatment surveillance. In this review, we provide an introduction for the head and neck surgeon of the basic science, current evidence, and future applications of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker and liquid biopsy to detect tumor genetic heterogeneity in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Payne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Spruce
- Translational Laboratory Team, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Department of Cancer and Genetics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Sharma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Martin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Satyesh Parmar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Prav Praveen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Nankivell
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Tsui DWY, Murtaza M, Wong ASC, Rueda OM, Smith CG, Chandrananda D, Soo RA, Lim HL, Goh BC, Caldas C, Forshew T, Gale D, Liu W, Morris J, Marass F, Eisen T, Chin TM, Rosenfeld N. Dynamics of multiple resistance mechanisms in plasma DNA during EGFR-targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e7945. [PMID: 29848757 PMCID: PMC5991591 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity leads to the development of multiple resistance mechanisms during targeted therapies. Identifying the dominant driver(s) is critical for treatment decision. We studied the relative dynamics of multiple oncogenic drivers in longitudinal plasma of 50 EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving gefitinib and hydroxychloroquine. We performed digital PCR and targeted sequencing on samples from all patients and shallow whole-genome sequencing on samples from three patients who underwent histological transformation to small-cell lung cancer. In 43 patients with known EGFR mutations from tumour, we identified them accurately in plasma of 41 patients (95%, 41/43). We also found additional mutations, including EGFR T790M (31/50, 62%), TP53 (23/50, 46%), PIK3CA (7/50, 14%) and PTEN (4/50, 8%). Patients with both TP53 and EGFR mutations before treatment had worse overall survival than those with only EGFR Patients who progressed without T790M had worse PFS during TKI continuation and developed alternative alterations, including small-cell lung cancer-associated copy number changes and TP53 mutations, that tracked subsequent treatment responses. Longitudinal plasma analysis can help identify dominant resistance mechanisms, including non-druggable genetic information that may guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Wai Yi Tsui
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alvin Seng Cheong Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher G Smith
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dineika Chandrananda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Health Partners, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Forshew
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Davina Gale
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Morris
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Marass
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Eisen
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Health Partners, Cambridge, UK
- Oncology Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tan Min Chin
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Raffles Cancer Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Center - Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Liu L, Toung JM, Jassowicz AF, Vijayaraghavan R, Kang H, Zhang R, Kruglyak KM, Huang HJ, Hinoue T, Shen H, Salathia NS, Hong DS, Naing A, Subbiah V, Piha-Paul SA, Bibikova M, Granger G, Barnes B, Shen R, Gutekunst K, Fu S, Tsimberidou AM, Lu C, Eng C, Moulder SL, Kopetz ES, Amaria RN, Meric-Bernstam F, Laird PW, Fan JB, Janku F. Targeted methylation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA for cancer detection and classification. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1445-1453. [PMID: 29635542 PMCID: PMC6005020 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted methylation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has a potential to expand liquid biopsies to patients with tumors without detectable oncogenic alterations, which can be potentially useful in early diagnosis. Patients and methods We developed a comprehensive methylation sequencing assay targeting 9223 CpG sites consistently hypermethylated according to The Cancer Genome Atlas. Next, we carried out a clinical validation of our method using plasma cfDNA samples from 78 patients with advanced colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer or melanoma and compared results with patients' outcomes. Results Median methylation scores in plasma cfDNA samples from patients on therapy were lower than from patients off therapy (4.74 versus 85.29; P = 0.001). Of 68 plasma samples from patients off therapy, methylation scores detected the presence of cancer in 57 (83.8%), and methylation-based signatures accurately classified the underlying cancer type in 45 (78.9%) of these. Methylation scores were most accurate in detecting colorectal cancer (96.3%), followed by breast cancer (91.7%), melanoma (81.8%) and NSCLC (61.1%), and most accurate in classifying the underlying cancer type in colorectal cancer (88.5%), followed by NSCLC (81.8%), breast cancer (72.7%) and melanoma (55.6%). Low methylation scores versus high were associated with longer survival (10.4 versus 4.4 months, P < 0.001) and longer time-to-treatment failure (2.8 versus 1.6 months, P = 0.016). Conclusions Comprehensive targeted methylation sequencing of 9223 CpG sites in plasma cfDNA from patients with common advanced cancers detects the presence of cancer and underlying cancer type with high accuracy. Methylation scores in plasma cfDNA correspond with treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - J M Toung
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A F Jassowicz
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Vijayaraghavan
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - H Kang
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Zhang
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - K M Kruglyak
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - H J Huang
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - T Hinoue
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - H Shen
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - N S Salathia
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - V Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M Bibikova
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G Granger
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - B Barnes
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Shen
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - K Gutekunst
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - C Lu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - C Eng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - E S Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - F Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - P W Laird
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J-B Fan
- Illumina, Inc., San Diego, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - F Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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Molparia B, Oliveira G, Wagner JL, Spencer EG, Torkamani A. A feasibility study of colorectal cancer diagnosis via circulating tumor DNA derived CNV detection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196826. [PMID: 29791457 PMCID: PMC5965833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has shown great promise as a biomarker for early detection of cancer. However, due to the low abundance of ctDNA, especially at early stages, it is hard to detect at high accuracies while keeping sequencing costs low. Here we present a pilot stage study to detect large scale somatic copy numbers variations (CNVs), which contribute more molecules to ctDNA signal compared to point mutations, via cell free DNA sequencing. We show that it is possible to detect somatic CNVs in early stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and subsequently discriminate them from normal patients. With 25 normal and 24 CRC samples, we achieve 100% specificity (lower bound confidence interval: 86%) and ~79% sensitivity (95% confidence interval: 63% - 95%,), though the performance should be considered with caution given the limited sample size. We report a lack of concordance between the CNVs detected via cfDNA sequencing and CNVs identified in parent tissue samples. However, recent findings suggest that a lack of concordance is expected for CNVs in CRC because of their sub-clonal nature. Finally, the CNVs we detect very likely contribute to cancer progression as they lie in functionally important regions, and have been shown to be associated with CRC specifically. This study paves the path for a larger scale exploration of the potential of CNV detection for both diagnoses and prognoses of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvan Molparia
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Glenn Oliveira
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Emily G. Spencer
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Gourdin T, Sonpavde G. Utility of cell-free nucleic acid and circulating tumor cell analyses in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2018; 20:230-237. [PMID: 29578115 PMCID: PMC5952476 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is characterized by bone metastases and difficulty of objectively measuring disease burden. In this context, cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) quantitation and genomic profiling afford the ability to noninvasively and serially monitor the tumor. Recent data suggest that ctDNA and CTC quantitation are prognostic for survival. Indeed, CTC enumeration using the CellSearch® platform is validated as a prognostic factor and warrants consideration as a stratification factor in randomized trials. Changes in quantities of CTCs using CellSearch also are prognostic and may be employed to detect a signal of activity of new agents. Molecular profiling of both CTCs and ctDNA for androgen receptor (AR) variants has been associated with outcomes in the setting of novel androgen inhibitors. Serial profiling to detect the evolution of new alterations may inform drug development and help develop precision medicine. The costs of these assays and the small quantities in which they are detectable in blood are a limitation, and novel platforms are required to address this challenge. The presence of multiple platforms to assay CTCs and ctDNA also warrants the consideration of a mechanism to allow comparison of data across platforms. Further validation and the continued development and standardization of these promising modalities will facilitate their adoption in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Genitourinary Oncology Section, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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46
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Taus Á, Camacho L, Rocha P, Hardy-Werbin M, Pijuan L, Piquer G, López E, Dalmases A, Longarón R, Clavé S, Salido M, Albanell J, Bellosillo B, Arriola E. Dynamics of EGFR Mutation Load in Plasma for Prediction of Treatment Response and Disease Progression in Patients With EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 19:387-394.e2. [PMID: 29656868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is crucial for the management of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based assessment offers advantages over tumor as a minimally invasive method able to capture tumor heterogeneity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma in tumor biopsy were included in this study. Plasma samples were obtained at different time points during the course of the disease. EGFR mutations in plasma were quantified using BEAMing (beads, emulsions, amplification, and magnetics) or digital PCR and were correlated with mutations in tumor and with radiologic response and progression. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-one plasma samples from 33 patients were analyzed. EGFR mutations in plasma were detected in 83% of all patients and 100% of those with extrathoracic metastases. The dynamics of the EGFR mutation load predicted response in 93% and progression in 89% of cases well in advance of radiologic evaluation. Progression-free survival for patients in whom ctDNA was not detected in plasma during treatment was significantly longer than for those in whom ctDNA remained detectable (295 vs. 55 days; hazard ratio, 17.1; P < .001). CONCLUSION The detection of EGFR mutations in ctDNA showed good correlation with that in tumor biopsy and predicted tumor response and progression in most patients. The liquid biopsy for ctDNA-based assessment of EGFR mutations is a reliable technique for diagnosis and follow-up in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Taus
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Camacho
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Rocha
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max Hardy-Werbin
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Pijuan
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Piquer
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva López
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Dalmases
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Longarón
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Clavé
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Salido
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bellosillo
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
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Olmedillas‐López S, García‐Olmo DC, García‐Arranz M, Peiró‐Pastor R, Aguado B, García‐Olmo D. Liquid biopsy by NGS: differential presence of exons (DPE) in cell-free DNA reveals different patterns in metastatic and nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1706-1716. [PMID: 29573240 PMCID: PMC5943476 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been proposed as a suitable tool for liquid biopsy in colorectal cancer (CRC), although most studies to date have focused almost exclusively on sequencing of panels of potential clinically actionable genes. We evaluated the clinical value of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in plasma, with the goal of identifying differential clinical profiles in patients with CRC. To this end, we applied an original concept, “differential presence of exons” (DPE). We determined differences in levels of 379 exons in plasma cfDNA and used DPE analysis to cluster and classify patients with disseminated and localized disease. The resultant bioinformatics analysis pipeline allowed us to design a predictive DPE algorithm in a small subset of patients that could not be initially classified based on the selection criteria. This DPE suggests that these nucleic acids could be actively released by both tumor and nontumor cells as a means of intercellular communication and might thus play a role in the process of malignant transformation. DPE is a new technique for the study of plasma cfDNA by WES that might have predictive and prognostic value in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Olmedillas‐López
- New Therapies LaboratoryFoundation Health Research Institute‐Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FIIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
| | - Dolores C. García‐Olmo
- Experimental Research UnitGeneral University Hospital of AlbaceteAlbaceteSpain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de LleidaCentre de Recerca Experimental Biomèdica Aplicada (CREBA)LleidaSpain
| | - Mariano García‐Arranz
- New Therapies LaboratoryFoundation Health Research Institute‐Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FIIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Ramón Peiró‐Pastor
- Genomics and NGS ServiceCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO)CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Begoña Aguado
- Genomics and NGS ServiceCentro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO)CSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Damián García‐Olmo
- New Therapies LaboratoryFoundation Health Research Institute‐Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FIIS‐FJD)MadridSpain
- Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
- Department of SurgeryFundación Jiménez Díaz University HospitalMadridSpain
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Huang YT, Xu JM. [Circulating tumor DNA and targeted therapy in colorectal cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018; 40:161-165. [PMID: 29575832 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The detection of circulating tumor DNA is a quick, low cost and reliable approach of liquid biopsy of cancer. It has a wide range of applications for tumor screening because of its noninvasive, convenient and highly repeatable features. In terms of the targeted therapy in patients with colorectal cancer, serial monitoring of circulating tumor DNA, especially for the specific genetic alterations, can be used for prognosis, monitoring resistance, evaluation of therapeutic effects and screening combined targeted therapy. Therefore, it will guide more precise treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital Cancer Center, Military Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - J M Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital Cancer Center, Military Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Salbe C, Trevisiol C, Ferruzzi E, Mancuso T, Nascimbeni R, Di Fabio F, Salerni B, Dittadi R. Molecular Detection of Codon 12 K-RAS Mutations in Circulating DNA from Serum of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 15:300-7. [PMID: 11192825 DOI: 10.1177/172460080001500404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Point mutations of the K-RAS gene at codon 12 are found in about 40% of cases with colorectal cancer. The diagnostic implications of the detection of these mutations and their clinical utility are still unclear. The aim of this study was to test both the feasibility of the detection of the mutated K-RAS gene in serum and its potential role in colorectal cancer detection and monitoring. Codon 12 K-RAS mutations were examined in DNA extracted from the serum of 35 patients with colorectal cancer and were compared with the K-RAS status in the corresponding primary tumor. Molecular detection was performed by the mutant-enriched PCR (ME-PCR) assay, a sensitive method capable of distinguishing a small quantity of mutated DNA in the presence of abundant wild-type DNA. The occurrence of mutations was compared with clinicopathological parameters as well as CEA and CA19.9 serum levels. We found codon 12 K-RAS mutations in the tissue of 13/35 (37%) patients. Serum mutations were detected in 5/13 (38.5%) patients with mutated K-RAS in the tissue. 26/35 (74%) patients showed an identical K-RAS pattern in tissue and serum. No codon 12 K-RAS alterations were found in serum samples of 22 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases. Elevated serum CEA levels were detected in 16 patients, four of whom also presented serum RAS mutations. Our results confirm that K-RAS mutations can be found in circulating DNA extracted from serum samples of patients with colorectal cancer and show that there is a correspondence between serum and tissue K-RAS patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salbe
- Center for Biological Markers of Malignancy, Regional Hospital ULSS 12, Venice, Italy.
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Johann DJ, Steliga M, Shin IJ, Yoon D, Arnaoutakis K, Hutchins L, Liu M, Liem J, Walker K, Pereira A, Yang M, Jeffus SK, Peterson E, Xu J. Liquid biopsy and its role in an advanced clinical trial for lung cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:262-271. [PMID: 29405770 PMCID: PMC5813874 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217750087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy methodologies, for the purpose of plasma genotyping of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of solid tumors, are a new class of novel molecular assays. Such assays are rapidly entering the clinical sphere of research-based monitoring in translational oncology, especially for thoracic malignancies. Potential applications for these blood-based cfDNA assays include: (i) initial diagnosis, (ii) response to therapy and follow-up, (iii) tumor evolution, and (iv) minimal residual disease evaluation. Precision medicine will benefit from cutting-edge molecular diagnostics, especially regarding treatment decisions in the adjuvant setting, where avoiding over-treatment and unnecessary toxicity are paramount. The use of innovative genetic analysis techniques on individual patient tumor samples is being pursued in several advanced clinical trials. Rather than using a categorical treatment plan, the next critical step of therapeutic decision making is providing the "right" cancer therapy for an individual patient, including correct dose and timeframe based on the molecular analysis of the tumor in question. Per the 21st Century Cures Act, innovative clinical trials are integral for biomarker and drug development. This will include advanced clinical trials utilizing: (i) innovative assays, (ii) molecular profiling with cutting-edge bioinformatics, and (iii) clinically relevant animal or tissue models. In this paper, a mini-review addresses state-of-the-art liquid biopsy approaches. Additionally, an on-going advanced clinical trial for lung cancer with novelty through synergizing liquid biopsies, co-clinical trials, and advanced bioinformatics is also presented. Impact statement Liquid biopsy technology is providing a new source for cancer biomarkers, and adds new dimensions in advanced clinical trials. Utilizing a non-invasive routine blood draw, the liquid biopsy provides abilities to address perplexing issues of tumor tissue heterogeneity by identifying mutations in both primary and metastatic lesions. Regarding the assessment of response to cancer therapy, the liquid biopsy is not ready to replace medical imaging, but adds critical new information; for instance, through a temporal assessment of quantitative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay results, and importantly, the ability to monitor for signs of resistance, via emerging clones. Adjuvant therapy may soon be considered based on a quantitative cfDNA assay. As sensitivity and specificity of the technology continue to progress, cancer screening and prevention will improve and save countless lives by finding the cancer early, so that a routine surgery may be all that is required for a definitive cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Johann
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Mathew Steliga
- Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Ik Jae Shin
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arnaoutakis
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Laura Hutchins
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Meeiyueh Liu
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jason Liem
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Karl Walker
- Computer Science, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Andy Pereira
- Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mary Yang
- Bioinformatics, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Susanne K Jeffus
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Erich Peterson
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Joshua Xu
- Bioinformatics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72709, USA
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