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Jiang C, Zhou Q, Yi K, Yuan Y, Xie X. Colorectal cancer initiation: Understanding early-stage disease for intervention. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216831. [PMID: 38574882 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
How tumors arise or the cause of precancerous lesions is a fundamental question in cancer biology. It is generally accepted that tumors originate from normal cells that undergo uncontrolled proliferation owing to genetic alterations. At the onset of adenoma formation, cancer driver mutations confer clonal growth advantage, enabling mutant cells to outcompete and eliminate the surrounding healthy cells. Hence, the development of precancerous lesions is not only attributed to the expansion of pre-malignant clones, but also relies on the relative fitness of mutated cells compared to the neighboring cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an excellent model to investigate cancer origin as it follows a stereotypical process from mutant cell hyperplasia to adenoma formation and progression. Here, we review the evolving understanding of colonic tumor development, focusing on how cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors impact cell competition and the "clone war" between cancer-initiating cells and normal stem cells. We also discuss the promises and limitations of targeting cell competitiveness in cancer prevention and early intervention. The field of tumor initiation is currently in its infancy, elucidating the adenoma origin is crucial for designing effective prevention strategies and early treatments before cancer becomes incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Qiujing Zhou
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310005, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Narayani KR, Narayani RI. Influence of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors on Predictive Value of a Positive Multitarget Stool DNA Test. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:471-474. [PMID: 37389965 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
GOALS We analyzed if the predictive value of multitarget stool-based DNA (mt-sDNA) varied when patients had pre-existing known colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors. BACKGROUND mt-sDNA test is approved for CRC screening in average-risk patients. Whether patients with a personal history of adenomatous colon polyps or a family history of CRC (CRC risk factors) benefit from mt-sDNA testing is unknown. STUDY We reviewed charts for all positive mt-sDNA referrals between 2017 and 2021. Diagnostic colonoscopy adherence rates were calculated. In those who had colonoscopy, we compared detection rates for any colorectal neoplasia (CRN), multiple (3 or more) adenomas, sessile serrated polyps (SSP), advanced CRN, and CRC between patients with and without known CRC risk factors. RESULTS Of 1297 referrals for positive mt-sDNA, 1176 (91%) completed a diagnostic colonoscopy. The absence of neoplasia was noted in 27% of colonoscopy exams. When neoplasia was identified, findings were as follows: any CRN (73%), multiple adenomas (34%), SSP (23%), advanced CRN (33%), and CRC (2.5%). One or more CRC risk factors were present in 229 (19%) of cases. In the CRC risk factor subgroup, patients having a prior history of adenomatous polyps or a family history of CRC were no more likely to have any CRN, multiple adenomas, SSP, advanced CRN, or CRC compared to average-risk patients when mt-sDNA was positive. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world analysis of positive mt-sDNA referrals, adherence to subsequent diagnostic colonoscopy recommendations was high. The presence of pre-existing CRC risk factors did not affect the positive predictive value of mt-sDNA.
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Vink-Börger E, Dabir PD, Krekels J, van Kouwen MCA, Ligtenberg MJL, van der Post RS, Nagtegaal ID. Deficient mismatch repair screening of advanced adenomas in the population screening program for colorectal cancer is not effective. Histopathology 2024; 84:1056-1060. [PMID: 38275207 DOI: 10.1111/his.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM Currently, screening of colorectal cancers (CRC) by assessing mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability (MSI) is used to identify Lynch syndrome (LS) patients. Advanced adenomas are considered immediate precursor lesions of CRC. In this study we investigate the relevance of screening of advanced adenomas for LS in population screening. METHODS AND RESULTS Advanced adenomas (n = 1572) were selected from the Dutch colorectal cancer population screening programme, based on one or more of the criteria: tubulovillous (n = 848, 54%) or villous adenoma (n = 118, 7.5%), diameter ≥ 1 cm (n = 1286, 82%) and/or high-grade dysplasia (n = 176, 11%). In 86 cases (5%), all three criteria were fulfilled at the same time. MMR-IHC and/or MSI analyses were performed on all cases. Only five advanced adenomas (0.3%) showed dMMR and MSI, including two cases with hypermethylation. In at least two patients a germline event was suspected based on allelic frequencies. No pathogenic explanation was found in the last case. CONCLUSION Timely testing of precursor lesions would be preferable to detect new LS patients before CRC development. However, standard assessment of dMMR of advanced adenomas from the population screening is not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vink-Börger
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Parag D Dabir
- Institute of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Joyce Krekels
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte C A van Kouwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel S van der Post
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Chang A, Prabhala S, Daneshkhah A, Lin J, Subramanian H, Roy HK, Backman V. Early screening of colorectal cancer using feature engineering with artificial intelligence-enhanced analysis of nanoscale chromatin modifications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7808. [PMID: 38565871 PMCID: PMC10987630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Colonoscopy is accurate but inefficient for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention due to the low (~ 7 to 8%) prevalence of target lesions, advanced adenomas. We leveraged rectal mucosa to identify patients who harbor CRC field carcinogenesis by evaluating chromatin 3D architecture. Supranucleosomal disordered chromatin chains (~ 5 to 20 nm, ~1 kbp) fold into chromatin packing domains (~ 100 to 200 nm, ~ 100 to 1000 kbp). In turn, the fractal-like conformation of DNA within chromatin domains and the folding of the genome into packing domains has been shown to influence multiple facets of gene transcription, including the transcriptional plasticity of cancer cells. We deployed an optical spectroscopic nanosensing technique, chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy (csPWS), to evaluate the packing density scaling D of the chromatin chain conformation within packing domains from rectal mucosa in 256 patients with varying degrees of progression to colorectal cancer. We found average packing scaling D of chromatin domains was elevated in tumor cells, histologically normal-appearing cells 4 cm proximal to the tumor, and histologically normal-appearing rectal mucosa compared to cells from control patients (p < 0.001). Nuclear D had a robust correlation with the model of 5-year risk of CRC with r2 = 0.94. Furthermore, rectal D was evaluated as a screening biomarker for patients with advanced adenomas presenting an AUC of 0.85 and 85% sensitivity and specificity. artificial intelligence-enhanced csPWS improved diagnostic performance with AUC = 0.90. Considering the low sensitivity of existing CRC tests, including liquid biopsies, to early-stage cancers our work highlights the potential of chromatin biomarkers of field carcinogenesis in detecting early, significant precancerous colon lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sravya Prabhala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ali Daneshkhah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- NanoCytomics, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Trecca A, Borghini R, Medicina D, Del Sordo R, Mandelli G, Bella A, Galloro G, Fu KI, Villanacci V. Endoscopic features with associated histological and molecular alterations in serrated polyps with dysplasia: Retrospective analysis of a tertiary case series. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:687-694. [PMID: 37778895 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serrated polyps are incompletely understood lesions and include serrated sessile lesion (SSL) without or with dysplasia and traditional serrated adenoma (TSA). AIMS We investigated prevalence and characteristics of serrated lesions, especially SSL with dysplasia (mixed polyps). METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from consecutive patients referred for colonoscopy at a tertiary care center. Endoscopic and histopathological characteristics of identified lesions were studied. SSLs with dysplasia were molecularly analyzed for mutations and microsatellite instability. RESULTS Among 1147 patients, a total of 436 polyps were found, including 288 adenomas (66.1 %) and 114 serrated lesions (SLDR 26.2 %). PDR was 34.5 % and ADR was of 30.2 %. Serrated lesions included 75 hyperplastic polyps (17.2 %), 24 SSLs without dysplasia (5.5 %), 6 SSLs with dysplasia (mixed polyps) (1.4 %) and 9 TSA (2.1 %). The mixed polyps were evaluated molecularly: these analyses found no KRAS mutation, a single NRAS mutation in one lesion, the Val600Glu BRAF mutation in four lesions in both their serrated non-dysplastic and dysplastic areas, and microsatellite instability in four lesions, limited to the dysplastic areas. CONCLUSION Our single-center experience confirms the high prevalence of serrated lesions, a part of which are SSL with dysplasia. These lesions seem to carry specific molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaele Borghini
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Gastroenterology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Medicina
- Institute of Pathology, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rachele Del Sordo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Mandelli
- Institute of Pathology, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonino Bella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Galloro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Surgical Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Kuang-I Fu
- Department of Endoscopy, Kanma Memorial Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
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Alric H, Coffin E, Lekhal C, Benusiglio PR, Dhooge M, Colas C, Caron O, Cusin V, Becq A, Perez Cuadrado Robles E, Leenhardt R, Perkins G, Buecher B, Bellanger J, Rahmi G, Malka D, Laurent-Puig P, Chaussade S, Benamouzig R, Parc Y, Cellier C, Perrod G. Features of colorectal adenomas among young patients with Lynch syndrome according to path_MMR: Results from the PRED-IdF registry. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:672-678. [PMID: 37758611 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most frequent inherited colorectal cancer syndrome. AIM To assess the burden of adenoma in LS patients under 50 years-old followed in the PRED-IdF network. METHODS From January 2010 to January 2019, all patients under 50 years of age with a confirmed LS germline mutation were included. The main objective was the description of adenomas characteristics according to path_MMR. RESULTS We analyzed data from 708 patients (mean age 34.8 ± 8.6), of which 41.8 % were male. Among these patients, 37.6% had path_MLH1, 45.4% path_MSH2, 13.9% path_MSH6, 2.9% path_PMS2, and 1.2% path_EpCAM. The analysis included 1721 (70.9%) follow-up colonoscopies. A total of 682 adenomas were detected, including 140 (20.5%) advanced adenomas. The adenoma detection rates during the first and follow-up colonoscopies were 19.2% and 20.5%, respectively. Most adenomas were <10 mm (57.9%), located in the proximal colon (334, 48.9%), and presented as non-polypoid lesions (493, 72.3%). The median growth time for adenomas was 23 months (range 9-114) irrespective of the path_MMR mutation (p = 0.62). CONCLUSION LS patients under 50 years of age have a high burden of adenomas, particularly small non-polypoid adenomas located in the proximal colon. These results highlight the need for intensive screening, with a particular focus on the proximal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Alric
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Elise Coffin
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Celine Lekhal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Paris-13 University, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Avicenne Hospital, 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Patrick R Benusiglio
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, Saint Antoine hospital, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, 7-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marion Dhooge
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Chrystelle Colas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Veronica Cusin
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, 7-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Becq
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, Saint Antoine hospital, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Enrique Perez Cuadrado Robles
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Leenhardt
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, Saint Antoine hospital, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Geraldine Perkins
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Digestive Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Oncogenetic, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue LEBLANC, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Buecher
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, Saint Antoine hospital, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bellanger
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, Saint Antoine hospital, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Rahmi
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Malka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Oncogenetic, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue LEBLANC, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Chaussade
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Paris-13 University, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Avicenne Hospital, 125 rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Yann Parc
- APHP. SU Sorbonne university, Department of Digestive Surgery, Saint Antoine hospital, 184 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Cellier
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Perrod
- APHP. Centre Université de Paris, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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Nanba K, Blinder AR, Udager AM, Hirokawa Y, Miura T, Okuno H, Moriyoshi K, Yamazaki Y, Sasano H, Yasoda A, Satoh-Asahara N, Rainey WE, Tagami T. Double somatic mutations in CTNNB1 and GNA11 in an aldosterone-producing adenoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1286297. [PMID: 38505749 PMCID: PMC10948454 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1286297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Double somatic mutations in CTNNB1 and GNA11/Q have recently been identified in a small subset of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). As a possible pathogenesis of APA due to these mutations, an association with pregnancy, menopause, or puberty has been proposed. However, because of its rarity, characteristics of APA with these mutations have not been well characterized. A 46-year-old Japanese woman presented with hypertension and hypokalemia. She had two pregnancies in the past but had no history of pregnancy-induced hypertension. She had regular menstrual cycle at presentation and was diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism after endocrinologic examinations. Computed tomography revealed a 2 cm right adrenal mass. Adrenal venous sampling demonstrated excess aldosterone production from the right adrenal gland. She underwent right laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The resected right adrenal tumor was histologically diagnosed as adrenocortical adenoma and subsequent immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed diffuse immunoreactivity of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and visinin like 1, a marker of the zona glomerulosa (ZG), whereas 11β-hydroxylase, a steroidogenic enzyme for cortisol biosynthesis, was mostly negative. CYP11B2 IHC-guided targeted next-generation sequencing identified somatic CTNNB1 (p.D32Y) and GNA11 (p.Q209H) mutations. Immunofluorescence staining of the tumor also revealed the presence of activated β-catenin, consistent with features of the normal ZG. The expression patterns of steroidogenic enzymes and related proteins indicated ZG features of the tumor cells. PA was clinically and biochemically cured after surgery. In conclusion, our study indicated that CTNNB1 and GNA11-mutated APA has characteristics of the ZG. The disease could occur in adults with no clear association with pregnancy or menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Nanba
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy R. Blinder
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Aaron M. Udager
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuusuke Hirokawa
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Miura
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okuno
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koki Moriyoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yasoda
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - William E. Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tetsuya Tagami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Sun Y, Cheng J, Nie D, Fang Q, Li C, Zhang Y. Metformin inhibits cell proliferation and ACTH secretion in AtT20 cells via regulating the MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 582:112140. [PMID: 38147953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of metformin on ACTH secretion and tumorigenesis in pituitary corticotroph tumors. The mouse pituitary tumor AtT20 cell line was treated with varying concentrations of metformin. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, ACTH secretion was measured using an ELISA kit, changes in the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expression of related proteins was evaluated using western blotting. RNA sequencing was performed on metformin-treated cells. Additionally, an in vivo BALB/c nude xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice, and immunohistochemical staining was conducted for further verification. Following metformin treatment, cell proliferation was inhibited, ACTH secretion decreased, and G1/S phase arrest occurred. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed cancer-related pathways, including the MAPK pathway. Western blotting confirmed a decrease in phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated JNK. Combining metformin with the ERK1/2 inhibitor Ulixertinib resulted in a stronger inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and POMC (Precursors of ACTH) expression. In vivo studies confirmed that metformin inhibited tumor growth and reduced ACTH secretion. In conclusion, metformin inhibits tumor progression and ACTH secretion, potentially through suppression of the MAPK pathway in AtT20 cell lines. These findings suggest metformin as a potential drug for the treatment of Cushing's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Sun
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Nie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Aoki H, Takasawa A, Yamamoto E, Niinuma T, Yamano HO, Harada T, Kubo T, Yorozu A, Kitajima H, Ishiguro K, Kai M, Katanuma A, Shinohara T, Nakase H, Sugai T, Osanai M, Suzuki H. Downregulation of SMOC1 is associated with progression of colorectal traditional serrated adenomas. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38429655 PMCID: PMC10905814 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant DNA methylation is prevalent in colorectal serrated lesions. We previously reported that the CpG island of SMOC1 is frequently methylated in traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs) but is rarely methylated in sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). In the present study, we aimed to further characterize the expression of SMOC1 in early colorectal lesions. METHODS SMOC1 expression was analyzed immunohistochemically in a series of colorectal tumors (n = 199) and adjacent normal colonic tissues (n = 112). RESULTS SMOC1 was abundantly expressed in normal colon and SSLs while it was significantly downregulated in TSAs, advanced adenomas and cancers. Mean immunohistochemistry scores were as follows: normal colon, 24.2; hyperplastic polyp (HP), 18.9; SSL, 23.8; SSL with dysplasia (SSLD)/SSL with early invasive cancer (EIC), 15.8; TSA, 5.4; TSA with high grade dysplasia (HGD)/EIC, 4.7; non-advanced adenoma, 21.4; advanced adenoma, 11.9; EIC, 10.9. Higher levels SMOC1 expression correlated positively with proximal colon locations and flat tumoral morphology, reflecting its abundant expression in SSLs. Among TSAs that contained both flat and protruding components, levels of SMOC1 expression were significantly lower in the protruding components. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that reduced expression of SMOC1 is associated with progression of TSAs and conventional adenomas and that SMOC1 expression may be a biomarker for diagnosis of serrated lesions and risk prediction in colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Aoki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Koyukai Shin-Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiro-O Yamano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taku Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Yorozu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitajima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishiguro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
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Vishnubhotla R, Avanthi S, Mitnala S, Guduru VR, Rebala P, Patil SM, Shetty M, Sekaran A, Duvvur NR. Lesser prevalence of polyps/WNT-dysregulation and concomitant upregulation of gamma-catenin/MYC point to alternate pathways in colorectal cancer in India. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:361-370. [PMID: 37983720 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to follow adenoma carcinoma sequence (ACS) in majority of the tumors and the driver variants and associated pathways are well delineated. However, most of the published data are from the west and information in other ethnicities is sparse. We therefore comprehensively evaluated the CRC tumors from Indian ethnicity for the prevalence of ACS. In this cohort study, clinical data of 100,497 patients who attended hospital between 2013 and 2018 were accessed. Tumors from patients (n = 130) with CRC who were treated primarily by surgery were included. DNA and RNA were isolated to assess variants (direct sequencing) and WNT-pathway dysregulation in genes related to ACS. Global gene expression was generated and analyzed on microarrays (Affymetrix; N = 10) and next generation sequencing platforms (Illumina; N = 25). Gene expression at mRNA (qRT-PCR) and protein level (IHC) of JUP/CTNNB1/MYC were assessed. Correlation between expression of JUP and MYC was evaluated by Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient. The prevalence of polyps was 16.75%, while 18.26% variants in APC/CTNNB1, 20.00% in KRAS, and 18.33% WNT dysregulation were noted. Interestingly, 29/60 (48.33%) tumors showed only MYC upregulation with normal APC/CTNNB1 expression. Global gene expression and validation in an independent tumor cohort confirmed concomitant upregulation of JUP (gamma-catenin) & MYC (r = 0.71; p = 0.001) at mRNA and protein in sizeable number of tumors (45/96; 46.88%). Our study provides evidence for limited prevalence of ACS in the Indian ethnicity. Preventive colonoscopies for early identification and management of CRC may not be an effective strategy in this ethnicity.
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Sugai T, Uesugi N, Osakabe M, Yao T, Yanagawa N, Ajioka Y. Characterization of sessile serrated adenomas with dysplasia including intramucosal adenocarcinoma and colorectal carcinoma with a microsatellite instability phenotype. Hum Pathol 2024; 145:9-15. [PMID: 38218351 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) lead to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) with a microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype via a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. However, the pathological and molecular mechanisms of SSL with dysplasia (SSLD) are unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the clinicopathological and molecular alterations in SSLD and to evaluate the significance of such alterations with regard to lesion progression. Fifty-four SSLDs (20 serrated dysplasia cases and 17 intestinal dysplasia cases, including 30 low-grade dysplasia [LGD] cases, 7 high-grade dysplasia [HGD] cases, and 17 intramucosal adenocarcinomas [IMAs]) were evaluated. Molecular alterations, including immunohistochemical expression of various markers, DNA methylation status, and multiple genetic mutations (using next-generation sequencing), were assessed. Additionally, such alterations were also investigated in 41 CRCs with an MSI phenotype (invasion beyond submucosa). The frequency of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in SSLD was 12 of 39 cases (32.4 %), whereas the MMR proficient type was observed in 17 of 39 SSLD cases. SSLD with serrated dysplasia showed a significantly higher frequency of loss of MMR protein expression and methylation status. Moreover, loss of MMR protein expression differed significantly between LGD and IMA. Furthermore, the frequency of TP53 mutation was significantly higher in IMA than in LGD. The current findings demonstrated that SSL with serrated dysplasia may be associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation compared with intestinal dysplasia. Loss of MMR proteins and mutation of TP53 may play important roles in tumor progression from dysplasia to carcinomatous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan; Diagnostic Pathology Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 7-115, Yatsuyamada, Kooriyama City, Fukushima, 963-8563, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan; Diagnostic Pathology Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 7-115, Yatsuyamada, Kooriyama City, Fukushima, 963-8563, Japan
| | - Mistumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757, Cyuo-Asahi, 951-8510, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Pękul M, Szczepaniak M, Kober P, Rusetska N, Mossakowska BJ, Baluszek S, Kowalik A, Maksymowicz M, Zieliński G, Kunicki J, Witek P, Bujko M. Relevance of mutations in protein deubiquitinases genes and TP53 in corticotroph pituitary tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1302667. [PMID: 38487343 PMCID: PMC10937451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1302667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) develop from ACTH-producing cells. They commonly cause Cushing's disease (CD), however, some remain clinically silent. Recurrent USP8, USP48, BRAF and TP53 mutations occur in corticotroph PitNETs. The aim of our study was to determine frequency and relevance of these mutations in a possibly large series of corticotroph PitNETs. Methods Study included 147 patients (100 CD and 47 silent tumors) that were screened for hot-spot mutations in USP8, USP48 and BRAF with Sanger sequencing, while 128 of these patients were screened for TP53 mutations with next generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Results USP8 mutations were found in 41% CD and 8,5% silent tumors, while USP48 mutations were found in 6% CD patients only. Both were more prevalent in women. They were related to higher rate of biochemical remission, non-invasive tumor growth, its smaller size and densely granulated histology, suggesting that these mutation may be favorable clinical features. Multivariate survival analyses did not confirm possible prognostic value of mutation in protein deubiquitinases. No BRAF mutations were found. Four TP53 mutations were identified (2 in CD, 2 in silent tumors) in tumors with size >10mm including 3 invasive ones. They were found in Crooke's cell and sparsely granulated tumors. Tumors with missense TP53 mutations had higher TP53 immunoreactivity score than wild-type tumors. Tumor with frameshift TP53 variant had low protein expression. TP53 mutation was a poor prognostic factor in CD according to uni- and multivariate survival analyses in spite of low mutations frequency. Conclusions We confirmed high prevalence of USP8 mutations and low incidence of USP48 and TP53 mutations. Changes in protein deubiquitinases genes appear to be favorable prognostic factors in CD. TP53 mutations are rare, occur in both functioning and silent tumors and are related to poor clinical outcome in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pękul
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Kober
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Rusetska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata J Mossakowska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Baluszek
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Maria Maksymowicz
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zieliński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Kunicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Witek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bujko
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Li G, Zhao D, Peng X, Zhao Y. Expression of miR-22 profiling in colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Gene 2024; 894:147955. [PMID: 37925119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. MiRNA-22 has emerged as a potential candidate with diagnostic significance; however, its expression profile across the normal-adenoma-carcinoma transition in colorectal remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated serum miRNA-22 levels in patients with varying stages of CRC. The study cohort comprised 49 healthy controls, 50 patients with polyps, 51 individuals with colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 50 cases of CRC, confirmed through proctocolonoscopy and pathological biopsy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to validate the significantly differential expression of serum miRNA-22 among different stages of CRC progression. The 2-ΔΔCT method was utilized to assess the relative changes in serum miRNA-22 expression levels. Our results revealed no significant differences in gender, adenoma grade, location, or TNM classification stage in terms of serum miR-22 expression across the four groups. Notably, both the CRC and CRA groups exhibited higher miR-22 expression levels compared to the control group (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0004), with the CRA and CRC groups displaying higher expression levels than the polyp group (p = 0.02, p = 0.043). Ordered multicategorical logistic regression analysis model revealed the utilization of age, gender, smoking status, and miR-22 expression collectively exhibited the highest value for the area under the curve (AUC = 0.748) in the discrimination between individuals CRC and healthy. The independent factor of expression of miR-22 demonstrated the most notable predictive capacity (AUC = 0.753) when distinguishing between CRA and healthy individuals. Furthermore, the independent expression of miR-22 exhibited discernible potential (AUC = 0.654, 0.636) differentiation between polyps and CRA/ CRC. Notably, the factor of age displayed the most substantial discriminatory power (AUC = 0.741) when distinguishing between polyps and healthy individuals. Our findings provide supportive evidence for considering miR-22 as a potential biomarker for CRC early screening. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms of miR-22 regulation in colorectal lesions still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gairui Li
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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14
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Long L, Sun Q, Yang F, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xiao C, He Q, Yi B. Significance of SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation in stool for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Clin Biochem 2024; 124:110717. [PMID: 38224931 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified methylated SDC2 and NDRG4 in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the diagnostic value of the combined two genes remains undefined. This study aims to investigate the methylation of SDC2 and NDRG4 in stool samples and their application in diagnosis of CRC. METHODS Five groups were enrolled in our study which consisted of CRC (n = 138), advanced adenomas (n = 27), polyp (n = 35), intestinal disease control (n = 150), and healthy individuals (n = 28). Methylation status of SDC2 and NDRG4 in fecal samples were tested with appropriate commercial kits. Primary data were collected and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS The positive rates of both SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation in stool samples of CRC group were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those of either group of advanced adenomas, or polyp, or intestinal disease or the healthy control. It was suggested that both methylated SDC2,NDRG4, SDC2/NDRG4 and age were independent risk factors for CRC. The sensitivity of SDC2 and NDRG4 for CRC diagnosis were 73.9 % and 63.0 %, respectively, while SDC2 combined with NDRG4 had a higher sensitivity of 85.5 %. The specificity of SDC2, NDRG4 and SDC2 combined with NDRG4 achieved 91.6 %, 88.3 % and 84.6 %, respectively. The AUC for methylated SDC2 and NDRG4 were 0.828 (95 % CI: 0.780-0.876) and 0.757 (95 % CI: 0.703-0.811), respectively. In contrast, SDC2 combined with NDRG4 improved the AUC to 0.850 (95 % CI: 0.807-0.893). CONCLUSIONS This research confirmed the significance of detection of SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation by using noninvasive samples of stool. More importantly, attributing to their high level and frequency of methylation in stool, SDC2 and NDRG4 could be promising biomarkers for stool-based method for screening and early diagnosis of CRC, especially when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Yu Wang
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd. Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, China.
| | - Changhe Xiao
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd. Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, China.
| | - Qing He
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd. Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, China.
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China.
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15
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Sugimoto A, Hirata M, Jinnouchi K, Ohata K, Kikuchi R, Haga H, Yoshizawa A. A case of stratified bronchiolar adenoma with immunofluorescence analysis: comments on "Frequent EGFR exon 20 insertion in the so-called peripheral type squamous cell neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential: a variant of bronchiolar adenoma or under-recognized entity?". Histopathology 2024; 84:570-573. [PMID: 37849413 DOI: 10.1111/his.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Jinnouchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Ohata
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kikuchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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16
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Murff HJ. In persons aged ≥45 y, the mt-sRNA test had 94% sensitivity for colorectal cancer and 46% for advanced adenomas. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:JC23. [PMID: 38316002 DOI: 10.7326/j23-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
SOURCE CITATION Barnell EK, Wurtzler EM, La Rocca J, et al. Multitarget stool RNA test for colorectal cancer screening. JAMA. 2023;330:1760-1768. 37870871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Murff
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (H.J.M.)
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17
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Terlouw D, Boot A, Ducarmon QR, Nooij S, Suerink M, van Leerdam ME, van Egmond D, Tops CM, Zwittink RD, Ruano D, Langers AMJ, Nielsen M, van Wezel T, Morreau H. Enrichment of colibactin-associated mutational signatures in unexplained colorectal polyposis patients. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38238650 PMCID: PMC10797792 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colibactin, a genotoxin produced by polyketide synthase harboring (pks+) bacteria, induces double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations. Consequently, enrichment of pks+Escherichia coli in colorectal cancer and polyposis suggests a possible carcinogenic effect in the large intestine. Additionally, specific colibactin-associated mutational signatures; SBS88 and ID18 in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database, are detected in colorectal carcinomas. Previous research showed that a recurrent APC splice variant perfectly fits SBS88. METHODS In this study, we explore the presence of colibactin-associated signatures and fecal pks in an unexplained polyposis cohort. Somatic targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed for 379 patients. Additionally, for a subset of 29 patients, metagenomics was performed on feces and mutational signature analyses using Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) colorectal tissue blocks. RESULTS NGS showed somatic APC variants fitting SBS88 or ID18 in at least one colorectal adenoma or carcinoma in 29% of patients. Fecal metagenomic analyses revealed enriched presence of pks genes in patients with somatic variants fitting colibactin-associated signatures compared to patients without variants fitting colibactin-associated signatures. Also, mutational signature analyses showed enrichment of SBS88 and ID18 in patients with variants fitting these signatures in NGS compared to patients without. CONCLUSIONS These findings further support colibactins ability to mutagenize colorectal mucosa and contribute to the development of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas explaining a relevant part of patients with unexplained polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diantha Terlouw
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quinten R Ducarmon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Nooij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Suerink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Leerdam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Demi van Egmond
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Carli M Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romy D Zwittink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M J Langers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
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Hasan MN, Rahman MM, Husna AA, Nozaki N, Yamato O, Miura N. YRNA and tRNA fragments can differentiate benign from malignant canine mammary gland tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149336. [PMID: 38039834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland tumors (MGT) are the most common tumors in sexually intact female dogs. The functional regulation of miRNAs, a type of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), in canine MGT has been extensively investigated. However, the expression of other ncRNAs, such as YRNAs and transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in canine MGT is unknown. We investigated ncRNAs other than miRNAs from our small RNA project (PRJNA716131) in different canine MGT histologic subtypes. This study included benign tumors (benign mixed tumor, complex adenoma) and malignant tumors (carcinoma in benign tumor and carcinoma with metastasis) samples. Aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were examined by comparisons among MGT subtypes. The relative expression trends were validated in canine MGT tissues, plasma, extracellular vesicles, and MGT cell lines using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Three aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were identified by comparisons among MGT subtypes. YRNA and tRNA-Gly-GCC distinguished benign mixed tumor from other MGT histologic subtypes, while tRNA-Val differentiated complex adenoma, carcinoma in benign tumors, and carcinoma with metastasis. The ROC curve of the three ncRNAs showed they might be potential biomarkers to discriminate malignant from benign MGT. YRNA and tRFs expression levels were decreased in metastatic compared with primary canine MGT cell lines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of YRNA and tRFs in canine MGT. The three identified ncRNAs may be biomarkers for differentiating MGT histologic subtypes. Suggested Reviewers: Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporatio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazmul Hasan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Al Asmaul Husna
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Nozaki
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Naoki Miura
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Inomata Y, Kuroha M, Shimoyama Y, Naito T, Moroi R, Shiga H, Kakuta Y, Karasawa H, Onuma S, Kinouchi Y, Masamune A. Dickkopf 1 is expressed in normal fibroblasts during early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6992. [PMID: 38334454 PMCID: PMC10854454 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Colorectal cancer progression from adenoma to cancer is a time-intensive process; however, the interaction between normal fibroblasts (NFs) with early colorectal tumors, such as adenomas, remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the response of the microenvironment during early tumorigenesis using co-cultures of organoids and NFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colon normal epithelium, adenoma, cancer organoid, and NFs were established and co-cultured using Transwell inserts. Microarray analysis of NFs was performed to identify factors expressed early in tumor growth. Immunostaining of clinical specimens was performed to localize the identified factor. Functional analysis was performed using HCT116 cells. Serum DKK1 levels were measured in patients with colorectal cancer and adenoma. RESULTS Colorectal organoid-NF co-culture resulted in increased organoid diameter and cell viability in normal epithelial and adenomatous organoids but not in cancer organoids. Microarray analysis of NFs revealed 18 genes with increased expression when co-cultured with adenoma and cancer organoids. Immunohistochemical staining revealed DKK1 expression in the tumor stroma from early tumor growth. DKK1 stimulation reduced HCT116 cell proliferation, while DKK1 silencing by siRNA transfection increased cell proliferation. Serum DKK1 level was significantly higher in patients with advanced cancer and adenoma than in controls. Serum DKK1 level revealed area-under-the-curve values of 0.78 and 0.64 for cancer and adenoma, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings contribute valuable insights into the early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis and suggest DKK1 as a tumor suppressor. Additionally, serum DKK1 levels could serve as a biomarker to identify both cancer and adenoma, offering diagnostic possibilities for early-stage colon tumors. The present study has a few limitations. We considered using DKK1 as a candidate gene for gene transfer to organoids and NFs; however, it was difficult due to technical problems and the slow growth rate of NFs. Therefore, we used cancer cell lines instead. In addition, immunostaining and ELISA were based on the short-term collection at a single institution, and further accumulation of such data is desirable. As described above, most previous reports were related to advanced cancers, but in this study, new findings were obtained by conducting experiments on endoscopically curable early-stage tumors, such as adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Inomata
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yusuke Shimoyama
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takeo Naito
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hisashi Shiga
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hideaki Karasawa
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Shinobu Onuma
- Department of SurgeryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Student Healthcare Center, Institute for Excellence in Higher EducationTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of GastroenterologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Zhang K, He Q, Cao Q, Chuan J, Qin A, Tang L, Zhang X, Xiao C, Zhu B, Hu M, Chang L, Bu ZX, Fu L, Yang T, Wang Y, Liu W. Evaluating the clinical performance of SDC2/NDRG4 methylation for colorectal cancer detection. Epigenomics 2024; 16:93-108. [PMID: 38226561 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The performance and clinical accuracy of combined SDC2/NDRG4 methylation were evaluated in diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma. Methods: A total of 2333 participants were enrolled to assess the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers in diagnosing CRC in a multicenter clinical trial through feces DNA methylation tests. Results: SDC2/NDRG4 methylation showed excellent performance for CRC detection in biomarker research and the real world. Its sensitivity for detecting CRC, early CRC and advanced adenoma were 92.06%, 91.45% and 62.61%, respectively. Its specificity was 94.29%, with a total coincidence rate of 88.28%. When interference samples were included, the specificity was still good (82.61%). Therefore, the SDC2/NDRG4 methylation test showed excellent performance in detecting CRC and advanced adenoma under clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Qing He
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Qin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jun Chuan
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Ang Qin
- Department of Endoscope Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Lin Tang
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Changhe Xiao
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Biyin Zhu
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Meiling Hu
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Lei Chang
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Zhong Xin Bu
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Lanqi Fu
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- GeneTalks Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
- School of Life Sciences & Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
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21
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Mak S, Alexander JL, Clark SK, Hawkins M, Cuthill V, Latchford A, Monahan KJ. The Diagnostic Yield of Genetic Testing in Patients With Multiple Colorectal Adenomas: A Specialist Center Cohort Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00645. [PMID: 37856205 PMCID: PMC10810582 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adenoma multiplicity is associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The utility of genetic testing in patients with multiple colorectal adenomas (MCRA) remains uncertain. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of mutations in polyposis- and CRC-associated genes in patients with MCRA. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional review of adult patients with 10-99 cumulative adenomas from the prospective database at the St Mark's Hospital Polyposis Registry and Family Cancer Clinic between 1999 and 2021. Genetic testing was performed for adenomatous polyposis-associated genes, hamartomatous polyposis-associated genes, and nonpolyposis colorectal cancer-associated genes. Clinicopathological outcomes were extracted for multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-nine patients with MCRA (median age 61 [interquartile range 53-69] years) were identified. Sixty-six patients (25.5%) had a pathogenic variant or likely pathogenic variant, with APC and biallelic MUTYH mutations constituting the majority of identified pathogenic variant/likely pathogenic variants. Diagnostic yields were greater than 10% at any adenoma burden. In univariate analysis, higher adenoma burden and younger age were associated with higher yield (both P < 0.0001). In patients with MCRA with 10-19 adenomas without a relevant personal or family history of CRC, the diagnostic yield was nil. In multiple logistic regression analysis, higher adenoma burden, younger age, personal history of CRC, and first-degree familial history of CRC were associated with higher diagnostic yield. DISCUSSION Diagnostic yield of >10% at any adenoma burden supports current guidance for constitutional genetic testing in patients with MCRA, although the low yield in people older than 60 years with 10-19 adenomas suggests that a stratified approach might be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Mak
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James L. Alexander
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Susan K. Clark
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Menna Hawkins
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Victoria Cuthill
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kevin J. Monahan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Family Cancer & Lynch Syndrome Clinic, St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Shi LP, Zou C, Mao LJ, Chen TT, Xie T. The expression of UNC5D is abnormal in the early stage of colorectal tumors associated with its proliferation and migration. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:199-213. [PMID: 38235871 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_34905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal adenomas are an important precancerous lesion of colorectal adenoma with a high incidence. This study aims to explore new prognostic targets for colorectal adenomas through bioinformatics techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, data from 29 colonic adenomas and 38 normal colonic mucosa in GSE37364 were analyzed to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, batch survival analysis, construction of risk model, mutation analysis, Cox regression analysis and expression analysis were performed on DEGs to determine the hub genes of this study. Finally, immune correlation analysis and cell experiments were carried out on the hub gene to explore its potential mechanism. RESULTS In our study, a total of 431 up-regulated and 809 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these, Unc-5 Netrin Receptor D (UNC5D) emerged as a pivotal gene associated with colorectal adenoma. Notably, UNC5D expression levels were found to be significantly higher in normal tissues compared to colorectal adenoma tissues. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that UNC5D showed promising diagnostic potential for patients with colon adenocarcinoma. In vitro experiments revealed that the overexpression of UNC5D had a profound impact on the behavior of colorectal tumor cells. Specifically, it led to a substantial reduction in the proliferation, motility, and invasion of these tumor cells. Additionally, UNC5D was shown to exert control over STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation, which in turn regulated the expression of PD-L1 in response to interferon (IFN) stimulation. These findings highlight the significant role of UNC5D in modulating immune responses and the development of colorectal adenoma. UNC5D emerges as a potential diagnostic biomarker and an attractive immunotherapeutic target in the context of colorectal malignancies. These results call for further exploration of UNC5D-based strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS In addition to having the potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker and an immunotherapeutic target in colorectal malignancies, UNC5D is necessary for the growth of colorectal adenomas. Additionally, UNC5D controlled STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation to suppress the growth of colorectal cancers by regulating IFN-induced PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Shi
- Good Clinical Practice Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Watanabe D, Morimoto S, Morishima N, Ichihara A. Cardiovascular risk assessments in patients with cortisol-producing adenoma: impact of clinical features and genetic characteristics. Heart Vessels 2024; 39:65-74. [PMID: 37695542 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The causes of adrenal Cushing's syndrome (CS) encompass a wide spectrum of adrenal cortisol proliferations that exhibit clinical and molecular heterogeneity. The aims of our study were to investigate whether clinical and molecular heterogeneity influences endothelial function and metabolic abnormalities in patients with cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA). We retrospectively enrolled 25 patients with CPA and 45 patients with essential hypertension (EH). All CPAs were studied by direct sequencing of PRKACA. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an index of vascular endothelial function, was significantly lower in CS and subclinical CS (SCS) groups than in the EH group. FMD impairment did not differ significantly between CS and SCS groups. No differences in FMD were seen between PRKACA mutant and wild-type groups. FMD correlated negatively with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in both PRKACA mutant and wild-type groups, as well as in CS and SCS groups. After adrenalectomy, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HbA1c decreased significantly from baseline in the CS group, and SBP and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly from baseline in the SCS group. While SBP and LDL-C decreased significantly from baseline in patients with wild-type PRKACA, only HbA1c decreased from baseline in patients harboring PRKACA mutations. Our data showed that patients with CPA have impaired endothelial function compared with EH patients and suggest the need for strict monitoring of atherosclerosis, even in patients with SCS or without PRKACA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Noriko Morishima
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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24
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赵 欢, 凌 羽, 宓 帅, 朱 家, 范 佳, 杨 叶, 王 晶, 李 迎. [Associations of circulating leptin levels with colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer: a case-control and Mendelian randomization study]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2023; 43:1989-1997. [PMID: 38189383 PMCID: PMC10774100 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.12.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the causal association between circulating leptin levels and the risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer. METHODS We collected demographic and clinical data and serum samples from 497 patients with colorectal adenoma, 955 patients with colorectal cancer, and 911 healthy individuals from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhuji People's Hospital, and Lin'an District First People's Hospital. Instrumental variables of leptin were selected and genotyping tests were performed. A logistic regression model and stratified analysis were used to evaluate the association of serum leptin levels with colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer, and the progression of colorectal adenoma to colorectal cancer. Genetic risk score (GRS) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were further used as instrumental variables in one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses leveraging two-stage least squares and inverse-variance weighted methods to estimate the causal association of leptin levels with the risk of colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer, and progression of colorectal adenoma to colorectal cancer. RESULTS High levels of leptin, compared with its lowest quartile, were positively correlated with colorectal adenoma (P=0.005) and negatively with colorectal cancer (P < 0.001) and the risk of progression of colorectal adenoma to colorectal cancer (P < 0.001). Mendelian randomization analysis showed that GRS of leptin, either weighted or not, was not significantly correlated with the risk of colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer, or the progression of colorectal adenoma to colorectal cancer, nor did the two-sample Mendelian randomization study support an association between leptin and the risk of colorectal cancer (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Although the case-control study suggests probable correlations of leptin with the risk of colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer, and colorectal adenoma progression to colorectal cancer, Mendelian randomization studies did not support a causal association of leptin with the risks of colorectal adenoma, colorectal cancer, or colorectal adenoma progression to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- 欢灵 赵
- 杭州医学院公共卫生系流行病与卫生统计学教研室,浙江 杭州 310053Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 羽晓 凌
- 宁波大学医学院公共卫生学院,浙江 宁波 315211School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - 帅 宓
- 德清县莫干山镇卫生院,浙江 德清 313200Deqing County Moganshan Town Health Center, Deqing 313200, China
| | - 家豪 朱
- 杭州医学院公共卫生系流行病与卫生统计学教研室,浙江 杭州 310053Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 佳耀 范
- 浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院大数据健康科学系,浙江 杭州 310058Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - 叶 杨
- 杭州医学院公共卫生系流行病与卫生统计学教研室,浙江 杭州 310053Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 晶 王
- 杭州医学院公共卫生系流行病与卫生统计学教研室,浙江 杭州 310053Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - 迎君 李
- 杭州医学院公共卫生系流行病与卫生统计学教研室,浙江 杭州 310053Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
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25
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Alzahrani AS, Bin Nafisah A, Alswailem M, Moria Y, Poprawski D, Al-Hindi H, Pacak K. An aggressive cabergoline-resistant, temozolomide-responsive macroprolactinoma due to a germline SDHB pathogenic variant in the absence of paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1273093. [PMID: 38152133 PMCID: PMC10751293 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1273093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Germline succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) pathogenic variants are characteristic of familial paraganglioma (PGL) syndrome type 4. This syndrome frequently presents with abdominal PGL and has high tendency for locally aggressive behavior and distant metastasis. The vast majority of pituitary adenomas (PAs) are sporadic. However, PAs can be part of a number of familial tumor syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) or more rarely in association with pheochromocytoma and PGL (referred to as 3P syndrome). Only a limited number of PAs in association with SDHB-related PGL has been reported and the vast majority occurred subsequently or simultaneously with pheochromocytoma/PGL (collectively abbreviated as PPGL). In this report, we describe a young patient who had a giant pituitary macroprolactinoma resistant to large doses of cabergoline (CBG) and external beam radiotherapy (XRT). The patient did not have personal history of PPGL but was found to carry a germline SDHB pathogenic variant. Case report A 38-year-old woman presented with headache, visual disturbances and galactorrhea and was found to have a 34-mm macroprolactinoma. She was treated with CBG 3-4 mg per week but PA continued to grow and caused significant cranial pressure symptoms. She underwent two transsphenoidal surgeries with rapid tumor recurrence after each one. She received XRT but PA continued to grow. She was finally treated with temozolomide with excellent response. Whole exome and subsequent Sanger sequencing confirmed that she has a pathogenic monoallelic SDHB mutation (NM_003000:c.C343T, p.R115*). PA tissue showed loss of heterozygosity for the same mutation and absent SDHB immunostaining confirming the pathogenic role of this SDHB mutation. Conclusion Germline SDHB mutations can rarely cause PA in the absence of PPGL. They should be considered as a possible cause of aggressiveness and resistance to dopamine agonists in similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Alzahrani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulghani Bin Nafisah
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshael Alswailem
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra Moria
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dagmara Poprawski
- Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hindi Al-Hindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Shaker N, Shaker N, Abid A, Shah S, Shakra RA, Sangueza OP. Muir-Torre syndrome and recent updates on screening guidelines: The link between colorectal tumors and sebaceous adenomas in unusual locations. J Surg Oncol 2023; 128:1380-1384. [PMID: 37706607 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by mismatch repair (MMR) protein mutations. MTS increases the risk of developing skin and gastrointestinal tumors such as sebaceous adenomas (SAs), sebaceous carcinomas, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. The risk of developing these types of tumors varies depending on the involved mutation and the individual's family history risk. CASE PRESENTATION A 47-year-old male presented with multiple skin lesions on the scalp, face, flank, and back. The examination revealed well-circumscribed, dome-shaped papules with a yellowish appearance with white oily material in the center. Histopathologic examination showed a well-circumscribed sebaceous neoplasm consistent with a mixture of basaloid cells and lobules of bland-appearing mature adipocytes that communicate directly to the surface epithelium. Focal cystic changes and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate were noted. Increased mitotic figures were seen in the basaloid cell component. The overall findings were consistent with the diagnosis of SAs. MMR staining showed preserved expression in MLH1 and PMS2 proteins, while MSH2 and MSH6 staining showed loss of protein expression. A screening colonoscopy showed numerous colon and rectal tumors, prompting concerns about the likelihood of MTS. Surgical intervention was pursued for complete resection. Histology revealed a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma/adenocarcinoma with mucinous features of the colon. The diagnosis of MTS was supported by molecular testing that revealed MSH2 germline mutation. The increased likelihood of MTS was attributed to the occurrence of SAs in unusual locations of the head and neck regions, unlike typical cases. CONCLUSION MTS is a rare clinical condition that necessitates prompt thorough evaluation and periodic surveillance. When SA is encountered in atypical locations, it is important to consider additional testing supported by immunohistochemical staining, molecular testing, and regular screening to exclude the likelihood of MTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nuha Shaker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdul Abid
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sahrish Shah
- Department of Pathology, Geisenger Medical Center, Mechanicsville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rafat Abu Shakra
- Department of Pathology, International Medical Center Hospital, Al-Ruwais, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar P Sangueza
- Departments of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Ruggeri RM, Benevento E, De Cicco F, Grossrubatscher EM, Hasballa I, Tarsitano MG, Centello R, Isidori AM, Colao A, Pellegata NS, Faggiano A. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4): a thorough update on the latest and least known men syndrome. Endocrine 2023; 82:480-490. [PMID: 37632635 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4) is a rare multiglandular endocrine neoplasia syndrome, associated with a wide tumor spectrum but hallmarked by primary hyperparathyroidism, which represents the most common clinical feature, followed by pituitary (functional and non-functional) adenomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. MEN4 clinically overlaps MEN type 1 (MEN1) but differs from it for milder clinical features and an older patient's age at onset. The underlying mutated gene, CDKN1B, encodes the cell cycle regulator p27, implicated in cellular proliferation, motility and apoptosis. Given the paucity of MEN4 cases described in the literature, possible genotype-phenotype correlations have not been thoroughly assessed, and specific clinical recommendations are lacking. The present review provides an extensive overview of molecular genetics and clinical features of MEN4, with the aim of contributing to delineate peculiar strategies for clinical management, screening and follow-up of the last and least known MEN syndrome. METHODS A literature search was performed through online databases like MEDLINE and Scopus. CONCLUSIONS MEN4 is much less common that MEN1, tend to present later in life with a more indolent course, although involving the same primary organs as MEN1. As a consequence, MEN4 patients might need specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and a different strategy for screening and follow-up. Further studies are needed to assess the real oncological risk of MEN4 carriers, and to establish a standardized screening protocol. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of molecular genetics of MEN4 is needed in order to explore p27 as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood DETEV, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Elio Benevento
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Iderina Hasballa
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Centello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Tjendra Y, Kerr DA, Gomez-Fernandez C, Velez Torres JM. TRPS1 immunohistochemical expression in salivary gland tumors: A pilot study. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 160:633-639. [PMID: 37565763 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES TRPS1 is a new, sensitive marker for breast carcinoma (BC). Salivary glands and breasts are both exocrine glands; thus, their tumors may share similar morphology and immunophenotype. Among salivary gland-type BC, TRPS1 is reported to be positive in secretory carcinomas (SCs) but negative in acinic cell carcinomas (AciCCs) and most adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCCs). A subset of salivary duct carcinomas (SDCs) is positive for TRPS1. Herein, we investigate TRPS1 immunohistochemical expression in salivary gland tumors (SGTs). METHODS A retrospective search yielded 110 SGTs (97 primary and 13 metastatic). TRPS1 immunohistochemistry was scored as negative, low positive, intermediate positive, or strongly positive. RESULTS TRPS1 was expressed in 78% (14/18) of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) cases but negative/low positive in all Warthin tumors (6/6 [100%]). In basal cell adenoma (BCA), TRPS1 expression was intermediate to strong (13/14 [92%]) in the stromal cells, whereas ductal or basal cells showed low expression. TRPS1 expression varied in malignant SGTs, with intermediate to strong staining in 100% (15/15) of AdCCs, 100% (5/5) of basal cell adenocarcinoma, 100% (3/3) of intraductal carcinoma, 89% (8/9) of polymorphous adenocarcinoma, and 89% (7/8) of SDCs; negative/low positive expression was observed in 100% (3/3) of SCs, 89% (8/9) of AciCCs, and 50% (3/3) of mucoepidermoid carcinomas. In addition, strong and intermediate TRPS1 expression was observed in metastatic SGT to the lungs, lymph nodes, and soft tissue. CONCLUSIONS Overall, TRPS1 is strongly expressed in PA as well as malignant and metastatic SGT. In addition, TRPS1 is positive in stromal cells of BCA but negative or low positive in ductal and basal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youley Tjendra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, US
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, US
| | - Carmen Gomez-Fernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, US
| | - Jaylou M Velez Torres
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, US
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Akkuş G, Korbonits M. Genetic Testing in Hereditary Pituitary Tumors. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102920. [PMID: 38007383 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic testing is becoming part of mainstream endocrinology. An increasing number of rare and not-so-rare endocrine diseases have an identifiable genetic cause, either at the germline or at the somatic level. Here we summerise germline genetic alterations in patients with pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pituitary adenomas). These may be disorders with isolated pituitary tumors, such as X-linked acrogigantism, or AIP-related pituitary tumors, or as part of syndromic diseases, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or Carney complex. In some cases, this could be relevant for treatment choices and follow-up, as well as for family members, as cascade screening leads to early identification of affected relatives and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Akkuş
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Marrero-Rodríguez D, Vela-Patiño S, Martinez-Mendoza F, Valenzuela-Perez A, Peña-Martínez E, Cano-Zaragoza A, Kerbel J, Andonegui-Elguera S, Glick-Betech SS, Hermoso-Mier KX, Mercado-Medrez S, Moscona-Nissan A, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Mercado M. Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Epigenetics of Sporadic Pituitary Tumors. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102915. [PMID: 37981525 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary tumors (PT) are highly heterogeneous neoplasms, comprising functioning and nonfunctioning lesions. Functioning PT include prolactinomas, causing amenorrhea-galactorrhea in women and sexual dysfunction in men; GH-secreting adenomas causing acromegaly-gigantism; ACTH-secreting corticotrophinomas causing Cushing disease (CD); and the rare TSH-secreting thyrotrophinomas that result in central hyperthyroidism. Nonfunctioning PT do not result in a hormonal hypersecretion syndrome and most of them are of gonadotrope differentiation; other non-functioning PT include null cell adenomas and silent ACTH-, GH- and PRL-adenomas. Less than 5% of PT occur in a familial or syndromic context whereby germline mutations of specific genes account for their molecular pathogenesis. In contrast, the more common sporadic PT do not result from a single molecular abnormality but rather emerge from several oncogenic events that culminate in an increased proliferation of pituitary cells, and in the case of functioning tumors, in a non-regulated hormonal hypersecretion. In recent years, important advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PT have been made, including the genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and proteomic characterization of these neoplasms. In this review, we summarize the available molecular information pertaining the oncogenesis of PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Vela-Patiño
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Florencia Martinez-Mendoza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Valenzuela-Perez
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Peña-Martínez
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amayrani Cano-Zaragoza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacobo Kerbel
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Andonegui-Elguera
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shimon S Glick-Betech
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla X Hermoso-Mier
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sophia Mercado-Medrez
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Moscona-Nissan
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Moises Mercado
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rebollar-Vega RG, Zuarth-Vázquez JM, Hernández-Ramírez LC. Clinical Spectrum of USP8 Pathogenic Variants in Cushing's Disease. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102899. [PMID: 37925320 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Cushing's disease (CD) is a life-threatening condition with a challenging diagnostic process and scarce treatment options. CD is caused by usually benign adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), known as corticotropinomas. These tumors are predominantly of sporadic origin, and usually derive from the monoclonal expansion of a mutated cell. Somatic activating variants located within a hotspot of the USP8 gene are present in 11-62% of corticotropinomas, making USP8 the most frequent genetic driver of corticotroph neoplasia. In contrast, other somatic defects such as those affecting the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), the BRAF oncogene, the deubiquitinase-encoding gene USP48, and TP53 are infrequent. Moreover, patients with familial tumor syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia, familial isolated pituitary adenoma, and DICER1 rarely develop corticotropinomas. One of the main molecular alterations in USP8-driven tumors is an overactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway, which induces ACTH production. Hotspot USP8 variants lead to persistent EGFR overexpression, thereby perpetuating the hyper-synthesis of ACTH. More importantly, they condition a characteristic transcriptomic signature that might be useful for the clinical prognosis of patients with CD. Nevertheless, the clinical phenotype associated with USP8 variants is less well defined. Hereby we discuss the current knowledge on the molecular pathogenesis and clinical picture associated with USP8 hotspot variants. We focus on the potential significance of the USP8 mutational status for the design of tailored clinical strategies in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa G Rebollar-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia M Zuarth-Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C Hernández-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Schwiter R, Rocha H, Johns A, Savatt JM, Diehl DL, Kelly MA, Williams MS, Buchanan AH. Low adenoma burden in unselected patients with a pathogenic APC variant. Genet Med 2023; 25:100949. [PMID: 37542411 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genomic screening can improve clinical outcomes, but presentation of individuals with risk for polyposis identified via genomic screening is unknown. To inform assessment of clinical utility of genomic screening for polyposis risk, clinical presentation of individuals in an unselected health care system cohort with an APC pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant causative of familial adenomatous polyposis are described. METHODS Electronic health records of individuals with an APC P/LP variant identified via the MyCode program (MyCode APC+) were reviewed to assess adenoma burden and compare it among individuals with a clinical diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis and matched variant-negative controls. RESULTS The prevalence of APC P/LP variants in this health care cohort is estimated to be 1 in 2800. Twenty-four MyCode APC+ individuals were identified during the study period. Median age at result disclosure was 53 years. Rate of clinical polyposis was 8%. Two of six participants with a classic region variant and none of those with an attenuated region variant had polyposis. MyCode APC+ participants did not differ from controls in cumulative adenoma count. CONCLUSION APC P/LP variant prevalence estimate in the MyCode cohort is higher than prior published prevalence rates. Individuals with APC P/LP variants identified via genomic screening had a low adenoma burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Rocha
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Alicia Johns
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | | | - David L Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geisinger, Danville, PA
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Haas S, Strassburg CP, Nattermann J, Hueneburg R. [Results of Endoscopic Screening and Therapy of the Duodenum in MUTYH-associated Polyposis]. Zentralbl Chir 2023; 148:502-507. [PMID: 37995714 DOI: 10.1055/a-2194-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is a very rare autosomal recessive polyposis syndrome. It is caused by a homozygous or compound heterozygous germline mutation in the MUTYH gene. MAP is characterised by numerous colorectal adenomas; furthermore there is an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the phenotype can be highly variable; for example, affected individuals also have an increased risk of polyps of the upper gastrointestinal tract and development of duodenal carcinomas.This study included 15 patients with evidence of a pathogenic MUTYH variant, who were screened at the National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) results were prospectively recorded in a database from 2012 to 2023.At least one EGD (median 4, range 1-15) was performed in 15 patients, seven of whom carried a homozygous and 8 a compound heterozygous pathogenic MUTYH variant. The median surveillance period was 115 months (range, 3-215 months). The median age at baseline was 44 (range 17-65) years. A total of 72 EGDs were performed (median 4; range 1-15). Five patients had duodenal adenomas; histology showed tubular adenomas with low grade intraepithelial dysplasia (LGIEN) in all of these cases. The total number of duodenal adenomas detected was 48, and the median number was 3 (range, 1-37). Neither high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) nor duodenal cancer was detected during the surveillance period.Patients with MUTYH-associated polyposis should be managed in a multidisciplinary centre for hereditary tumour disease. Our cohort showed more patients with duodenal adenomas than in previously published data. However, no progression to HGIEN or duodenal carcinomas was observed as a result of the endoscopic therapy performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Haas
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
- Nationales Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Christian P Strassburg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
- Nationales Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
- Nationales Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Robert Hueneburg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
- Nationales Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
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Bo J, Chen X, Zhang T, Zhu X, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wu C, Mou S, Yi X, Rui W, Zeng Y. Clinicopathological features and genomic analysis of bronchiolar adenoma. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:1465-1474. [PMID: 36988010 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) is a rare tumor of the bronchioles with a double-layer structure, including the basal cell layer and the superficial cell layer, and it has a good prognosis. However, the concept of a putative variant of BA has been proposed in the recent literature. METHODS Data on 17 cases of BA were collected from our center. The clinical data, morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular changes were retrospectively analyzed. We also collected the molecular changes in BA reported in the previous literature and summarized the putative driver mutations of BA. RESULTS Out of 17 BAs, 13 were classic cases with a double-layer structure, including 9 proximal-type and 4 distal-type BAs. Of note, we also identified 3 cases that lacked a continuous basal cell layer, including 2 cases of mixed-type BA with monolayered lesions (basal cells were undetected in some areas) and 1 case of a monolayered BA-like lesion (basal cells were completely undetected). The immunohistochemical findings of monolayer cell lesions were closer to those of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. We also found one case in which BA transformed into invasive adenocarcinoma accompanied by mutations in the TP53, JAK2, NF1 and RB1 genes. Combined with the previous literature, the most common putative driver gene mutations in 62 BA lesions were EGFR (25/62; 41%) and BRAF (21/62; 34.4%). CONCLUSION Typical BA has a double-layer cell structure; however, there is also a putative variant of BA, which has a monolayer cell structure and lacks the basal cell layer. Transformation from BA into invasive adenocarcinoma is unusual but can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Bo
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyou Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyan Mou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghua Yi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Rui
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tora R, Welch J, Sun J, Agarwal SK, Bell DA, Merino M, Weinstein LS, Simonds WF, Jha S. Phenotypic Profiling and Molecular Mechanisms in Hyperparathyroidism-jaw Tumor Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3165-3177. [PMID: 37339334 PMCID: PMC10655532 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome is a heritable form of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by germline inactivating mutations in CDC73 encoding parafibromin and is associated with an increased risk of parathyroid cancer. There is little evidence to guide the management of patients with the disease. OBJECTIVE (1) Characterize the natural history of HPT-JT, (2) correlate genotype and histology of parathyroid tumors with parafibromin immunostaining, (3) understand molecular changes downstream to CDC73 loss. DESIGN Retrospective study of patients with HPT-JT syndrome (genetically confirmed or affected first-degree relatives). Independent review of uterine tumor from 2 patients and staining for parafibromin on parathyroid tumors from 19 patients (13 adenomas, 6 carcinomas) was performed. RNA-sequencing was performed in 21 parathyroid samples (8 HPT-JT-related adenomas, 6 HPT-JT-related carcinomas, and 7 sporadic carcinomas with wild-type CDC73). RESULTS We identified 68 patients from 29 kindreds with HPT-JT with median age at last follow-up of 39 [interquartile range, 29-53] years. A total of 55/68 (81%) developed primary hyperparathyroidism; 17/55 (31%) had parathyroid carcinoma. Twelve of 32 (38%) females developed uterine tumors. Of the 11 patients who had surgical resection for uterine tumors, 12/24 (50%) tumors were rare mixed epithelial mesenchymal polypoid lesions. Four of 68 patients (6%) developed solid kidney tumors; 3/4 had a CDC73 variant at p.M1 residue. Parafibromin staining of parathyroid tumors did not correlate with tumor histology or genotype. RNA-sequencing showed a significant association of HPT-JT-related parathyroid tumors with transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, mesodermal commitment pathway, and cell-cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Multiple, recurrent atypical adenomyomatous uterine polyps appear to be enriched in women with HPT-JT and appear characteristic of the disease. Patients with CDC73 variants at p.M1 residue appear predisposed to kidney tumors. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT04969926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Tora
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Welch
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sunita K Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debra A Bell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William F Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Smita Jha
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Barnell EK, Wurtzler EM, La Rocca J, Fitzgerald T, Petrone J, Hao Y, Kang Y, Holmes FL, Lieberman DA. Multitarget Stool RNA Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening. JAMA 2023; 330:1760-1768. [PMID: 37870871 PMCID: PMC10594178 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Importance Noninvasive tests for colorectal cancer screening must include sensitive detection of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions. These tests must be validated for the intended-use population, which includes average-risk individuals 45 years or older. Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a noninvasive, multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) test (ColoSense) test compared with results from a colonoscopy. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 3 clinical trial (CRC-PREVENT) was a blinded, prospective, cross-sectional study to support a premarket approval application for a class III medical device. A total of 8920 participants were identified online using social media platforms and enrolled from June 2021 to June 2022 using a decentralized nurse call center. All participants completed the mt-sRNA test, which incorporated a commercially available fecal immunochemical test (FIT), concentration of 8 RNA transcripts, and participant-reported smoking status. Stool samples were collected prior to participants completing a colonoscopy at their local endoscopy center. The mt-sRNA test results (positive or negative) were compared with index lesions observed on colonoscopy. Over the course of 12 months, individuals 45 years and older were enrolled in the clinical trial using the decentralized recruitment strategy. Participants were enrolled from 49 US states and obtained colonoscopies at more than 3800 different endoscopy centers. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes included the sensitivity of the mt-sRNA test for detecting colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas and the specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy. Results The mean (range) age of participants was 55 (45-90) years, with 4% self-identified as Asian, 11% as Black, and 7% as Hispanic. Of the 8920 eligible participants, 36 (0.40%) had colorectal cancer and 606 (6.8%) had advanced adenomas. The mt-sRNA test sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer was 94%, sensitivity for detecting advanced adenomas was 46%, and specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy was 88%. The mt-sRNA test showed significant improvement in sensitivity for colorectal cancer (94% vs 78%; McNemar P = .01) and advanced adenomas (46% vs 29%; McNemar P < .001) compared with results of the FIT. Conclusions and Relevance In individuals 45 years and older, the mt-sRNA test showed high sensitivity for colorectal neoplasia (colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma) with significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the FIT. Specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy was comparable to existing molecular diagnostic tests. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04739722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Barnell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Geneoscopy Inc, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | | | | | - Yansheng Hao
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - David A. Lieberman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
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Rubio CA, Matek C, Vieth M, Lang-Schwarz C. Sporadic Colorectal Tubular Adenomas Thrive in Symbiosis With Underlying Nondysplastic Branching Crypts. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:4947-4952. [PMID: 37909976 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nondysplastic crypt branching (NDCB), mostly asymmetric branching (NDCAB), was previously found beneath the dysplastic epithelium of colorectal tubular adenomas (TA) in Swedish patients. This study examined the frequency of NDCB and NDCAB beneath the dysplastic epithelium of TA, in German patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS From a collection of 305 TA, 121 TA fulfilled the prerequisites for inclusion. All NDCB were registered. RESULTS Of 673 NDBCs, 572 (85%) NDCABs and 101 (15%) NDCSs, were found beneath the neoplastic tissue in the 121 TA. When the frequency of NDCB was challenged against the TA size, a linear correlation was found in the 121 TA (p<0.05, p=0.020172). Most NDCB were NDCAB (p<0.05, p=0.00001). The frequency of NDCB correlated with increasing TA size, implying that the higher frequency of both NDCB, dysplastic crypt branching, and their dysplastic offspring crypts were the most probable sources of TA enlargement. The frequency of NDCB underneath TA was not influenced by increasing age, sex or TA localization. CONCLUSION Similar findings as those reported here were previously found in TA in Swedish patients. The similarity between these two populations, located in disparate geographical areas and subjected to dissimilar microenvironmental conditions suggests that NDBC in TA might be a ubiquitous unreported phenomenon. According to the literature, normal colon cells often harbor somatic mutations. Consequently, NDCB underneath TA may be mutated nondysplastic branching crypts upon which the dysplastic epithelium in TA eventually develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rubio
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Christian Matek
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Corinna Lang-Schwarz
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Jiang F, Boakye D, Sun J, Wang L, Yu L, Zhou X, Zhao J, Bian Z, Song P, He Y, Zhu Y, Chen J, Yuan S, Song M, Larsson SC, Giovannucci EL, Theodoratou E, Ding K, Li X. Association between antibiotic use during early life and early-onset colorectal cancer risk overall and according to polygenic risk and FUT2 genotypes. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1602-1611. [PMID: 37504220 PMCID: PMC10953323 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has been increasing worldwide. Potential risk factors may have occurred in childhood or adolescence. We investigated the associations between early-life factors and EOCRC risk, with a particular focus on long-term or recurrent antibiotic use (LRAU) and its interaction with genetic factors. Data on the UK Biobank participants recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to February 2022 were used. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the associations between LRAU during early life and EOCRC risk overall and by polygenic risk score (constructed by 127 CRC-related genetic variants) and Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2), a gut microbiota regulatory gene. We also assessed the associations for early-onset colorectal adenomas, as precursor lesion of CRC, to examine the effect of LRAU during early-life and genetic factors on colorectal carcinogenesis. A total of 113 256 participants were included in the analysis, with 165 EOCRC cases and 719 EOCRA cases. LRAU was nominally associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01-2.17, P = .046) and adenomas (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.17-1.68, P < .001). When stratified by genetic polymorphisms of FUT2, LRAU appeared to confer a comparatively greater risk for early-onset adenomas among participants with rs281377 TT genotype (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.79-1.52, P = .587, for CC genotype; OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.16-2.64, P = .008, for TT genotype; Pinteraction = .089). Our study suggested that LRAU during early life is associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC and adenomas, and the association for adenomas is predominant among individuals with rs281377 TT/CT genotype. Further studies investigating how LRAU contributes together with genetic factors to modify EOCRC risk, particularly concerning the microbiome-related pathway underlying colorectal carcinogenesis, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Jiang
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Daniel Boakye
- Department of Life SciencesPMI Global Studio LimitedLondonUK
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Centre for Global HealthUsher Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Centre for Global HealthUsher Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zilong Bian
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Peige Song
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yazhou He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yingshuang Zhu
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global HealthUsher Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and CancerThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Aiba T, Hijiya N, Akagi T, Tsukamoto Y, Hirashita Y, Kinoshita K, Uchida T, Nakada C, Kurogi S, Ueda Y, Shiroshita H, Shiraishi N, Murakami K, Inomata M, Moriyama M. Overexpression of VSNL1 Enhances Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Pathobiology 2023; 91:121-131. [PMID: 37797604 DOI: 10.1159/000533877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously reported that overexpression of visinin-like protein 1 (VSNL1) is frequently observed in advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlates with poorer prognosis. In this study, we determined the levels of VSNL1 expression in the earlier stages of colorectal tumors including adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and attempted to clarify the functional significance of VSNL1 overexpression in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS Levels of VSNL expression in colorectal tumor tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The effects of VSNL1 downregulation and overexpression on cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and invasiveness were determined using two VSNL1-overexpressing colorectal cancer cell lines, CW-2 and HCT-116 and VSNL1 inducibly expressing SNU-C5, respectively. Gene expression signatures in VSNL1-downregulated CW-2 and HCT-116 were identified using transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses. RESULTS VSNL1 expression was restricted to only a few crypt cells in the non-tumorous epithelium, whereas it became enhanced in adenomas and adenocarcinomas with the progression of tumorigenesis. Downregulation of VSNL1 in CW-2 and HCT-116 cells suppressed their proliferation through induction of apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of VSNL1 in SNU-C5 cells enhanced resistance to anoikis. Transcriptome and gene set enrichment analyses revealed that downregulation of VSNL1 altered the expression level of the apoptosis-related gene set in CW-2 and HCT-116 cells. CONCLUSION VSNL1 plays a role in both the development and progression of colorectal tumors by enhancing cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Aiba
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hijiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomonori Akagi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuka Hirashita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kurogi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Ueda
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Shiroshita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Norio Shiraishi
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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Gallardo-Gómez M, Rodríguez-Girondo M, Planell N, Moran S, Bujanda L, Etxart A, Castells A, Balaguer F, Jover R, Esteller M, Cubiella J, Gómez-Cabrero D, De Chiara L. Serum methylation of GALNT9, UPF3A, WARS, and LDB2 as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:157. [PMID: 37794510 PMCID: PMC10552320 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection has proven to be the most effective strategy to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, most current screening programs suffer from low participation rates. A blood test may improve both the adherence to screening and the selection to colonoscopy. In this study, we conducted a serum-based discovery and validation of cfDNA methylation biomarkers for CRC screening in a multicenter cohort of 433 serum samples including healthy controls, benign pathologies, advanced adenomas (AA), and CRC. RESULTS First, we performed an epigenome-wide methylation analysis with the MethylationEPIC array using a sample pooling approach, followed by a robust prioritization of candidate biomarkers for the detection of advanced neoplasia (AN: AA and CRC). Then, candidate biomarkers were validated by pyrosequencing in independent individual cfDNA samples. We report GALNT9, UPF3A, WARS, and LDB2 as new noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of AN. The combination of GALNT9/UPF3A by logistic regression discriminated AN with 78.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity, outperforming the commonly used fecal immunochemical test and the methylated SEPT9 blood test. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study highlights the utility of cfDNA methylation for CRC screening. Our results suggest that the combination methylated GALNT9/UPF3A has the potential to serve as a highly specific and sensitive blood-based test for screening and early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gallardo-Gómez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n. 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Translational Oncology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Girondo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Núria Planell
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de La Granvia, 199. 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ane Etxart
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva. ISABIAL. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ourense, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Cabrero
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Biological & Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Mucosal & Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Loretta De Chiara
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n. 36310, Vigo, Spain.
- Translational Oncology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
- Cancer Genomics Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
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Liu YM, Peng L, Chen C, Zhou P, Cheng B, Luo Y, Zhou MF, Xuan SX, Lin JD, Yin WG. Value of faecal exfoliated cells in colorectal tumour screening using SDC2 methylation test. Ann Med 2023; 55:2261111. [PMID: 37783044 PMCID: PMC10547446 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2261111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of a non-invasive methylation gene test in clinical colorectal tumour screening. METHOD The quantitative methylation-specific PCR technique was used to detect faecal methylated syndecan-2 (mSDC2) in patients who received the screening of colorectal cancer (CRC).To evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of mSDC2 in patients with colorectal cancer, advanced adenoma (AA), and colorectal tumor (CRN) in risk factor stratification. RESULTS The PPV of CRC, CRC + AA and CRN in male patients were 28.03%, 43.55% and 56.24%, respectively, which were higher than female patients. The positive detection rate of mSDC2 and the PPV of CRC gradually increased with age; The PPV in patients aged over 80 years was up to 78.05%, which was more significant than in younger patients with CRC. The PPV of CRC, AA and CRN were 37.10%, 11.80% and 63.37%, respectively. mSDC2 has a high detection rate of 85-100% in AA with intramucosal carcinoma alone or in combination with severe atypical hyperplasia or villous adenoma. CONCLUSION The mSDC2 test has a higher PPV in patients with colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma (AD), especially in high-risk groups over 50 years of age, and may help in the early diagnosis of colorectal tumours in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xia Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Duan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guo Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
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He C, Huang Q, Zhong S, Chen LS, Xiao H, Li L. Screening and identifying of biomarkers in early colorectal cancer and adenoma based on genome-wide methylation profiles. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:312. [PMID: 37779184 PMCID: PMC10544418 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify different methylation sites as new methylation markers in CRC and colorectal adenoma through tissue detection. METHODS DNA extraction and bisulfite modification as well as Infinium 450K methylation microarray detection were performed in 46 samples of sporadic colorectal cancer tissue, nine samples of colorectal adenoma, and 20 normal samples, and bioinformatic analysis was conducted involving genes enrichments of GO and KEGG. Pyrosequencing methylation detection was further performed in 68 sporadic colorectal cancer tissues, 31 samples of colorectal adenoma, and 49 normal colorectal mucosae adjacent to carcinoma to investigate the differentially methylated genes obtained from methylation microarray. RESULTS There were 65,535 differential methylation marker probes, among which 25,464 were hypermethylated markers and 40,071 were hypomethylated markers in the adenoma compared with the normal group, and 395,571 were differentially methylated markers in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer compared with the normal group, including 21,710 hypermethylated markers and 17,861 hypomethylated markers. Five hypermethylated genes including ZNF471, SND1, SPOCK1, FBLIM1, and OTX1 were detected and confirmed in 68 cases of colorectal cancer, 31 cases of adenoma, and 49 cases of normal control group. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylated genes of ZNF471, SND1, SPOCK1, FBLIM1, and OTX1 were obtained from methylation chip detection and further confirm analysis in colorectal cancer and adenoma compared with normal tissue, which may be promising diagnostic markers of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungang He
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Tao Yuan Road No.6, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qinyuan Huang
- Nursing College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shibiao Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530011, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Sheng Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hewei Xiao
- Office of Academic Research, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
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Oh KY, Hong SD. Infarction of basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: First case report and literature review on CTNNB1 I35T mutations in salivary basal cell neoplasms. Oral Oncol 2023; 145:106534. [PMID: 37517215 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Infarction has rarely been reported in some types of salivary gland tumors. In this study, we present the first case of infarction occurring in salivary basal cell adenoma. A 62-year-old male presented with swelling in the left parotid region. Histopathological examination revealed extensive central necrosis surrounded by a rim of viable tumor tissue showing the typical histology of basal cell adenoma. Nuclear β-catenin expression and the CTNNB1 p.I35T (c.104 T > C) mutation were identified in the tumor. A diagnosis of basal cell adenoma with central necrosis was made, and the postoperative period was uneventful. In addition, we review the literature on CTNNB1 I35T mutations in basal cell neoplasms of the salivary glands. Awareness of the possible occurrence of infarction and the high frequency of the unique mutation in basal cell adenoma may help in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Young Oh
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rege J, Bandulik S, Nanba K, Kosmann C, Blinder AR, Plain A, Vats P, Kumar-Sinha C, Lerario AM, Else T, Yamazaki Y, Satoh F, Sasano H, Giordano TJ, Williams TA, Reincke M, Turcu AF, Udager AM, Warth R, Rainey WE. Somatic SLC30A1 mutations altering zinc transporter ZnT1 cause aldosterone-producing adenomas and primary aldosteronism. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1623-1631. [PMID: 37709865 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of endocrine hypertension and is characterized by inappropriately elevated aldosterone production via a renin-independent mechanism. Driver somatic mutations for aldosterone excess have been found in approximately 90% of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). Other causes of lateralized adrenal PA include aldosterone-producing nodules (APNs). Using next-generation sequencing, we identified recurrent in-frame deletions in SLC30A1 in four APAs and one APN (p.L51_A57del, n = 3; p.L49_L55del, n = 2). SLC30A1 encodes the ubiquitous zinc efflux transporter ZnT1 (zinc transporter 1). The identified SLC30A1 variants are situated close to the zinc-binding site (His43 and Asp47) in transmembrane domain II and probably cause abnormal ion transport. Cases of PA with SLC30A1 mutations showed male dominance and demonstrated increased aldosterone and 18-oxocortisol concentrations. Functional studies of the SLC30A151_57del variant in a doxycycline-inducible adrenal cell system revealed pathological Na+ influx. An aberrant Na+ current led to depolarization of the resting membrane potential and, thus, to the opening of voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels. This resulted in an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity, which stimulated CYP11B2 mRNA expression and aldosterone production. Collectively, these data implicate zinc transporter alterations as a dominant driver of aldosterone excess in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juilee Rege
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sascha Bandulik
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Nanba
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Carla Kosmann
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Amy R Blinder
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allein Plain
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrine, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tobias Else
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrine, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Division of Clinical Hypertension, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Tracy Ann Williams
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adina F Turcu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrine, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron M Udager
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard Warth
- Medical Cell Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrine, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Wang L, Xu D. Regulation of long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis and clinical implications of pituitary adenomas. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1047. [PMID: 37904679 PMCID: PMC10571498 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a type of tumor that develops in the sella turcica and is one of the most frequent intracranial tumors. It belongs to a type of adenoma derived from a single clone of cells in the pituitary gland. PA ranks third among all intracranial tumors, following only gliomas and meningioma. The average prevalence rate is approximately 15% at autopsy and 22.5% at radiological examinations. OBJECTIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE Most PAs are benign and non-invasive adenomas that can be removed surgically or controlled with medication. However, approximately 35% of them show invasion into nearby anatomical structures and cannot be completely resected. 0.1%~0.2% of PA cases eventually develop into pituitary carcinomas. Additionally, PA may cause severe morbidity due to mass effects and the disorder of pituitary hormone secretion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the pathological mechanism of PA, improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and develop targeted therapies. RESEARCH STATUS Although current knowledge about the pathogenesis of PA remains limited, epigenetic modulation of PA has been increasingly implicated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and exert substantial roles in the initiation, progression, or suppression of various tumors. Accumulating evidence has shown close relationships between lncRNA dysregulation and PA development. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights recent progress in the study of lncRNAs in PA pathogenesis and their potential as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyLiangzhou HospitalWuweiGansuChina
| | - Dingkai Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryLiangzhou HospitalWuweiGansuChina
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Jung YS, Tran MTX, Park B, Moon CM. Mutual association between family history of gastric and colorectal cancer and risk of gastric and colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1787-1793. [PMID: 37259229 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We evaluated the associations between gastric cancer (GC) family history (FH) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and between CRC FH and GC/gastric adenoma risk. METHODS We used data of participants who underwent national cancer screening between 2013 and 2014. Participants with GC or CRC FH in first-degree relatives (n = 1 172 750) and those without cancer FH (n = 3 518 250) were matched 1:3 by age and gender. RESULTS Of the 1 172 750 participants with a FH, 871 104, 264 040, and 37 606 had FHs of only GC, only CRC, and both GC and CRC, respectively. The median follow-up time was 4.8 years. GC and CRC FHs were associated with increased GC and CRC risks, respectively. GC FH was associated with CRC risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.10), whereas CRC FH was not associated with the risk of GC or gastric adenoma. However, gastric adenoma risk increased 1.62-fold (95% CI 1.40-1.87) in participants with FHs of both GC and CRC, demonstrating a significant difference with the 1.39-fold (95% CI 1.34-1.44) increase in participants with only GC FH. Furthermore, GC risk increased by 5.32 times (95% CI 1.74-16.24) in participants with FHs of both GC and CRC in both parents and siblings. CONCLUSIONS GC FH was significantly associated with a 5% increase in CRC risk. Although CRC FH did not increase GC risk, FH of both GC and CRC further increased the risk of gastric adenoma. FHs of GC and CRC may affect each other's neoplastic lesion risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mai Thi Xuan Tran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Akbulut S, Küçükakçalı Z, Çolak C. Predicting Duodenal Cancer Risk in Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Using Machine Learning Model. Turk J Gastroenterol 2023; 34:1025-1034. [PMID: 37565794 PMCID: PMC10645292 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to both classify data of familial adenomatous polyposis patients with and without duode- nal cancer and to identify important genes that may be related to duodenal cancer by XGboost model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was performed using expression profile data from a series of duodenal samples from familial adenomatous polyposis patients to explore variations in the familial adenomatous polyposis duodenal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The expression profiles obtained from cancerous, adenomatous, and normal tissues of 12 familial adenomatous polyposis patients with duodenal cancer and the tissues of 12 familial adenomatous polyposis patients without duodenal cancer were compared. The ElasticNet approach was utilized for the feature selection. Using 5-fold cross-validation, one of the machine learning approaches, XGboost, was utilized to classify duodenal cancer. Accuracy, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score performance metrics were assessed for model performance. RESULTS According to the variable importance obtained from the modeling, ADH1C, DEFA5, CPS1, SPP1, DMBT1, VCAN-AS1, APOB genes (cancer vs. adenoma); LOC399753, APOA4, MIR548X, and ADH1C genes (adenoma vs. adenoma); SNORD123, CEACAM6, SNORD78, ANXA10, SPINK1, and CPS1 (normal vs. adenoma) genes can be used as predictive biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model used in this study shows that the aforementioned genes can forecast the risk of duodenal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. More comprehensive analyses should be performed in the future to assess the reliability of the genes determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Akbulut
- Department of Surgery, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
- Department of Public Health, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Küçükakçalı
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Çolak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Srivastava P, Mishra S, Shukla S, Husain N. Next Generation Sequencing in Vitellointestinal Duct Adenoma: Existence of Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence or too Early to Predict? Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1403-1408. [PMID: 36803135 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231152581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Patent vitello-intestinal duct with adenoma is rare presentation. We report a case of a 1-month-old boy presenting with intermittent passage of stool and blood from the umbilicus since birth. On local examination polypoidal mass measuring 1×1 cm was seen protruding from umbilicus with faecal discharge. Ultrasound was performed which revealed a tubular hyperechoic structure, extending from umbilicus to part of small intestine measuring 30 ×30 mm and clinical diagnosis of patent vitello-intestinal duct was given, exploratory laparotomy, excision with umbilicoplasty done, and send for histopathological examination. On histopathological examination, patent vitello-intestinal duct adenoma was rendered and next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed revealing somatic mutation of KRAS (NM_033360.4; c.38G>A; p.Gly12Asp). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the adenoma in patent vitello-intestinal duct with NGS analysis. This case emphasizes the importance of thorough microscopic examination of resected patent vitello-intestinal duct and mutational analysis of the early lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sridhar Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Hanxiao Y, Boyun Y, Minyue J, Xiaoxiao S. Identification of a novel competing endogenous RNA network and candidate drugs associated with ferroptosis in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9193-9216. [PMID: 37709486 PMCID: PMC10522391 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), characterized by unilaterally excessive aldosterone production, is a common cause of primary aldosteronism. Ferroptosis, a recently raised iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death, has been involved in the development and therapy of various diseases. This study obtained datasets of the mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles for APA and adjacent adrenal gland (AAG) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) associated with ferroptosis were identified. Enrichment analyses indicated 89 ferroptosis-related DEGs were primarily enriched in ROS related processes and ferroptosis. Two physical cores, and one combined core were identified in the protein-protein interaction (PPI). DEGs and clinical traits were used in conjunction to screen eight hub genes from two hub modules and 89 DEGs. A competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed via co-express analysis. Thereafter, molecular docking was used to identify potential targets. Two active compounds, QL-X-138 and MK-1775, bound to AURKA and DUOX1, respectively, with the lowest binding energies. Molecular dynamics simulation verified the stability of the two complexes. In summary, our studies identified eight hub genes and a novel ceRNA regulatory network associated with ferroptosis, wherein QL-X-138 and MK-1775 were considered to be potential drugs for treating APA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hanxiao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Boyun
- Department of Allergy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Minyue
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Xiaoxiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Luo Z, Wang B, Luo F, Guo Y, Jiang N, Wei J, Wang X, Tseng Y, Chen J, Zhao B, Liu J. Establishment of a large-scale patient-derived high-risk colorectal adenoma organoid biobank for high-throughput and high-content drug screening. BMC Med 2023; 21:336. [PMID: 37667332 PMCID: PMC10478412 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenoma (CA), especially high-risk CA (HRCA), is a precancerous lesion with high prevalence and recurrence rate and accounts for about 90% incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer cases worldwide. Currently, recurrent CA can only be treated with repeated invasive polypectomies, while safe and promising pharmaceutical invention strategies are still missing due to the lack of reliable in vitro model for CA-related drug screening. METHODS We have established a large-scale patient-derived high-risk colorectal adenoma organoid (HRCA-PDO) biobank containing 37 PDO lines derived from 33 patients and then conducted a series of high-throughput and high-content HRCA drug screening. RESULTS We established the primary culture system with the non-WNT3a medium which highly improved the purity while maintained the viability of HRCA-PDOs. We also proved that the HRCA-PDOs replicated the histological features, cellular diversity, genetic mutations, and molecular characteristics of the primary adenomas. Especially, we identified the dysregulated stem genes including LGR5, c-Myc, and OLFM4 as the markers of adenoma, which are well preserved in HRCA-PDOs. Based on the HRCA-PDO biobank, a customized 139 compound library was applied for drug screening. Four drugs including metformin, BMS754807, panobinostat and AT9283 were screened out as potential hits with generally consistent inhibitory efficacy on HRCA-PDOs. As a representative, metformin was discovered to hinder HRCA-PDO growth in vitro and in vivo by restricting the stemness maintenance. CONCLUSIONS This study established a promising HRCA-PDO biobank and conducted the first high-throughput and high-content HRCA drug screening in order to shed light on the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguang Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bangting Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinsong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Institute of Organoid Technology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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