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Du Y, Cortez A, Josefsson A, Zarisfi M, Krimins R, Liapi E, Nedrow JR. Preliminary evaluation of alpha-emitting radioembolization in animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261982. [PMID: 35061763 PMCID: PMC8782514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer and the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Most patients with advanced disease are offered non-surgical palliative treatment options. This work explores the first alpha-particle emitting radioembolization for the treatment and monitoring of hepatic tumors. Furthermore, this works demonstrates the first in vivo simultaneous multiple-radionuclide SPECT-images of the complex decay chain of an [225Ac]Ac-labeled agent using a clinical SPECT system to monitor the temporal distribution. A DOTA chelator was modified with a lipophilic moiety and radiolabeled with the α-particle emitter Actinium-225. The resulting agent, [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-TDA, was emulsified in ethiodized oil and evaluated in vivo in mouse model and the VX2 rabbit technical model of liver cancer. SPECT imaging was performed to monitor distribution of the TAT agent and the free daughters. The [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-TDA emulsion was shown to retain within the HEP2G tumors and VX2 tumor, with minimal uptake within normal tissue. In the mouse model, significant improvements in overall survival were observed. SPECT-imaging was able to distinguish between the Actinium-225 agent (Francium-221) and the loss of the longer lived daughter, Bismuth-213. An α-particle emitting TARE agent is capable of targeting liver tumors with minimal accumulation in normal tissue, providing a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as well as a variety of hepatic tumors. In addition, SPECT-imaging presented here supports the further development of imaging methodology and protocols that can be incorporated into the clinic to monitor Actinium-225-labeled agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Angel Cortez
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Anders Josefsson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mohammadreza Zarisfi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Krimins
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Eleni Liapi
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jessie R. Nedrow
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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2
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Une N, Takano-Kasuya M, Kitamura N, Ohta M, Inose T, Kato C, Nishimura R, Tada H, Miyagi S, Ishida T, Unno M, Kamei T, Gonda K. The anti-angiogenic agent lenvatinib induces tumor vessel normalization and enhances radiosensitivity in hepatocellular tumors. Med Oncol 2021; 38:60. [PMID: 33881631 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of angiogenesis inhibitors requires the analysis of the precise structure and function of tumor vessels. The anti-angiogenic agents lenvatinib and sorafenib are multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors that have been approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the different effects on tumor vasculature between lenvatinib and sorafenib are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of both drugs on vascular structure and function, including vascular normalization, and investigated whether the normalization had a positive effect on a combination therapy with the drugs and radiation using micro X-ray computed tomography with gold nanoparticles as a contrast agent, as well as immunohistochemical analysis and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) measurement. In mice subcutaneously transplanted with mouse HCC cells, treatment with lenvatinib or sorafenib for 14 days inhibited tumor growth and reduced the tumor vessel volume density. However, analysis of integrated data on vessel density, rates of pericyte-covering and perfused vessels, tumor hypoxia, and IFP measured 4 days after drug treatment showed that treatment with 3 mg/kg of lenvatinib significantly reduced the microvessel density and normalized tumor vessels compared to treatment with 50 mg/kg of sorafenib. These results showed that lenvatinib induced vascular normalization and improved the intratumoral microenvironment in HCC tumors earlier and more effectively than sorafenib. Moreover, such changes increased the radiosensitivity of tumors and enhanced the effect of lenvatinib and radiation combination therapy, suggesting that this combination therapy is a powerful potential application against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Une
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takano-Kasuya
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Narufumi Kitamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mineto Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoya Inose
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kato
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shigehito Miyagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Gonda
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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3
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Hassan SA, Ali AAH, Yassine M, Sohn D, Pfeffer M, Jänicke RU, Korf HW, von Gall C. Relationship between locomotor activity rhythm and corticosterone levels during HCC development, progression, and treatment in a mouse model. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12724. [PMID: 33615553 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and stress are common symptoms in cancer patients and represent early side effects of cancer treatment which affect the life quality of the patients. CRF may partly depend on disruption of the circadian rhythm. Locomotor activity and corticosterone rhythms are two important circadian outputs which can be used to analyze possible effects on the circadian function during cancer development and treatment. The present study analyzes the relationship between locomotor activity rhythm, corticosterone levels, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, and radiotherapy treatment in a mouse model. HCC was induced in mice by single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and chronic treatment of phenobarbital in drinking water. Another group received chronic phenobarbital treatment only. Tumor bearing animals were divided randomly into four groups irradiated at four different Zeitgeber time points. Spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded continuously; serum corticosterone levels and p-ERK immunoreaction in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were investigated. Phenobarbital treated mice showed damped corticosterone levels and a less stable 24 hours activity rhythm as well as an increase in activity during the light phase, reminiscent of sleep disruption. The tumor mice showed an increase in corticosterone level during the inactive phase and decreased activity during the dark phase, reminiscent of CRF. After irradiation, corticosterone levels were further increased and locomotor activity rhythms were disrupted. Lowest corticosterone levels were observed after irradiation during the early light phase; thus, this time might be the best to apply radiotherapy in order to minimize side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Activity Cycles
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Biomarkers/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/physiopathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiotherapy
- Chronotherapy
- Circadian Rhythm
- Corticosterone/blood
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/physiopathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Locomotion
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
- Phenobarbital
- Phosphorylation
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiopathology
- Time Factors
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Hassan
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Amira A H Ali
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mona Yassine
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Pfeffer
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Horst-Werner Korf
- Institute of Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Abstract
The compound biological effectiveness (CBE) value of boronophenylalanine (BPA) for hepatocytes was experimentally determined for the purpose of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for liver tumors. In this study, the critical reevaluation of previous value was performed. In previous experimental studies, the contribution of β component of dose was ignored in the response curve to X-ray. X-ray dose cell survival curves were estimated by combining the α/β values obtained in the ordinary micronucleus (MN) assay with the curve of MN-negative cell fraction (MN(-)F) to dose. This curve was compared to the boron neutron capture reaction (BNCR) dose curve. As a result, the CBE value was 4 at doses close to 0 Gy, decreasing to about 1.0 at doses close to 4.5 Gy. The new value is smaller than the previous value 4.2. This indicates that the bioequivalent dose to normal liver is lower than previously expected. Therefore, higher doses can be given to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ono
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto University (KURNS), 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan.
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto University (KURNS), 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan.
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Hu PH, Pan LH, Wong PTY, Chen WH, Yang YQ, Wang H, Xiang JJ, Xu M. 125I-labeled anti-bFGF monoclonal antibody inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5033-5041. [PMID: 27275095 PMCID: PMC4886378 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the inhibitory efficacy of 125I-labeled anti-basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) monoclonal antibody (mAb) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: bFGF mAb was prepared by using the 1G9B9 hybridoma cell line with hybridization technology and extracted from ascites fluid through a Protein G Sepharose affinity column. After labeling with 125I through the chloramine-T method, bFGF mAb was further purified by a Sephadex G-25 column. Gamma radiation counter GC-1200 detected radioactivity of 125I-bFGF mAb. The murine H22 HCC xenograft model was established and randomized to interventions with control (phosphate-buffered saline), 125I-bFGF mAb, 125I plus bFGF mAb, bFGF mAb, or 125I. The ratios of tumor inhibition were then calculated. Expression of bFGF, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: The purified bFGF mAb solution was 8.145 mg/mL with a titer of 1:2560000 and was stored at -20 °C. After coupling, 125I-bFGF mAb was used at a 1: 1280000 dilution, stored at 4 °C, and its specific radioactivity was 37 MBq/mg. The corresponding tumor weight in the control, 125I, bFGF mAb, 125I plus bFGF mAb, and 125I-bFGF mAb groups was 1.88 ± 0.25, 1.625 ± 0.21, 1.5 ± 0.18, 1.41 ± 0.16, and 0.98 ± 0.11 g, respectively. The tumor inhibition ratio in the 125I, bFGF mAb, 125I plus bFGF mAb, and 125I-bFGF mAb groups was 13.6%, 20.2%, 25.1%, and 47.9%, respectively. Growth of HCC xenografts was inhibited significantly more in the 125I-bFGF mAb group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Expression of bFGF and FGFR mRNA in the 125I-bFGF mAb group was significantly decreased in comparison with other groups (P < 0.05). Groups under interventions revealed increased expression of VEGF mRNA (except for 125I group) compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION: 125I-bFGF mAb inhibits growth of HCC xenografts. The coupling effect of 125I-bFGF mAb is more effective than the concomitant use of 125I and bFGF mAb.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiotherapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/radiation effects
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/immunology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hybridomas
- Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Radioimmunotherapy/methods
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Burden/radiation effects
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6
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Lee EJ, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Kim KJ, Yang SH, Jeong KY, Seong J. Radiation Inhibits Interleukin-12 Production via Inhibition of C-Rel through the Interleukin-6/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway in Dendritic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146463. [PMID: 26745884 PMCID: PMC4706448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a potent anti-tumor modality. However, unwanted effects including increased recurrence and metastasis that involve factors such as cytokines, which induce complex molecular mechanisms, have also been reported. In a previous study, we showed that interleukin (IL)-12 and radiotherapy combination treatment suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in a hepatoma mouse model. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the IL-12 anti-tumor effect during radiotherapy. In tumor-bearing mice, irradiation decreased IL-12 expression in the tumors and spleens. However, a number of dendritic cells infiltrated into the tumors in which IL-12 expression did not decrease. To further study the underlying detailed mechanism for this decrease in IL-12, LPS-stimulated bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were irradiated, and then IL-12– and IL-6–associated molecules were examined in irradiated tumors and BMDCs. Irradiation resulted in IL-12 suppression and IL-6 increase. IL-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors restored the irradiation-induced IL-12 decrease via suppression of C-Rel activation. Taken together, our study suggests that irradiation-induced IL-6 can decrease IL-12 production through the inhibition of C-Rel phosphorylation by the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Jin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120–752, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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7
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Filatova NA, Samoilova KA, Knyazev NA. [Polychromatic visible and infrared light (480-3400 nm) downregulates the growth of hepatoma MH22a in mice]. Vopr Onkol 2016; 62:507-513. [PMID: 30463109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of polychromatic visible (380-750 nm) (VIS) and combined with the visible infrared (480-3400 nm) (VIS-IR) radiation on the growth of hepatoma in mice. In the first series of experiments on C3HA mice with subcutaneously transplanted syngeneic hepatoma MH22a it was shown 1.5-4 times inhibition of tumor volume after irradiation of tumor-bearing mice with VIS-infrared light at a dose 4.8 J/ cm2. Mice irradiation at doses of 9.6 J/cm2 and 38.4 J/cm2 had no effect on the rate of tumor growth. Exposition to VIS and IR-light in all doses we used an increase of the surviveness of animals in the 1.5 and 2 times respectively was observed. In a second series of experiments we investigated the effect VIS-IR radiation on tumor cells in vitro with subsequent inoculation to intact mice. After implantation in mice irradiated cells at a dose of 4.8 J/cm2 9.6 J/cm2 inhibition of tumor growth during the first 25 days at 3-12 times as compared to control and increased survival in mice 1.5-2 respectively was observed. The main results of this study consists in the fact that none of the doses used VIS and a IR-radiation has not been shown to stimulate tumor growth both in irradiated mice with tumors, and the irradiation of MH22a hepatoma cells under in vitro conditions prior to transplantation of intact mice. Furthermore it was detected dose range VIS-IR light (4.8-9.6 Joules/cm2) when the rate of growth of hepatoma MH22a decreased and increased surviveness of animals.
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8
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Goldie JH, Coldman AJ, Ng V, Hopkins HA, Looney WB. A mathematical and computer-based model of alternating chemotherapy and radiation therapy in experimental neoplasms. Antibiot Chemother (1971) 2015; 41:11-20. [PMID: 3245688 DOI: 10.1159/000416177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Goldie
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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9
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Wu H, Xia T, Wei X, Chen L, Mo L, Yu B, Xia X, Jiang X. Relationship between diffusion-weighted imaging and Bcl-2 expression in rabbit models of hepatic VX2 tumors after radiotherapy. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:487-495. [PMID: 23830398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The paper aims to study diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Bcl-2 gene expression in hepatic VX2 tumors after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), we successfully developed 40 rabbit models with hepatic VX2 tumors. 3D-CRT was performed on 28 rabbit hepatic VX2 tumors, which were then randomly and evenly divided into four groups. The remaining 12 controls did not receive radiotherapy. Conventional and DWI was performed at 1, 5, 10, and 15 days following radiation therapy. We measured apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in both a region of interest (ROI) of the VX2 tumor tissue and normal liver tissue and then calculated the ratio between them. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. On days 5 and 10, the ADC ratios of the radiotherapy groups were 1.322+-0.270 and 0.964+-0.341, respectively. On days 5, 10, and 15, Bcl-2 gene expression in the radiotherapy group was 0.563+-0.284, 0.421+-0.242, and 0.314+-0.152, respectively. For all three days, the gene expression values from the radiotherapy group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P less than 0.01). Statistical analysis revealed that ADC ratio and Bcl-2 gene expression were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.493, P less than 0.01). Our results demonstrated that DWI sequence can reflect molecular changes at different time points for hepatic VX2 tumors following radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Kim W, Seong J, Oh HJ, Koom WS, Choi KJ, Yun CO. A novel combination treatment of armed oncolytic adenovirus expressing IL-12 and GM-CSF with radiotherapy in murine hepatocarcinoma. J Radiat Res 2011; 52:646-654. [PMID: 21952320 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel combination treatment of armed oncolytic adenovirus expressing interleukin 12 (IL-12) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with radiation was investigated for antitumor and antimetastatic effect in a murine hepatic cancer (HCa-I) model. Tumor bearing syngeneic mice were treated with radiation, armed oncolytic virus Ad-ΔE1Bmt7 (dB7) expressing both IL-12 and GM-CSF (armed dB7), or a combination of both. The adenovirus was administered by intratumoral injection 1 × 10(8) PFU per tumor in 50 µl of PBS four times every other day. Tumor response to treatment was determined by a tumor growth delay assay. Metastatic potential was evaluated by a lung metastasis model. To understand the underlying mechanism, the level of apoptosis was examined as well as the change in microvessel density and expression of immunological markers: CD4+, CD8+ and Cd11c. The combination of armed dB7 and radiation resulted in significant growth delay of murine hepatic cancer, HCa-1, with an enhancement factor of 4.3. The combination treatment also resulted in significant suppression of lung metastasis. Increase of apoptosis level as well as decrease of microvessel density was shown in the combination treatment, suggesting an underlying mechanism for the enhancement of antitumor effect. Expression of immunological markers: CD4+, CD8+ and Cd11c also increased in the combination treatment. This study showed that a novel combination treatment of radiotherapy with armed oncolytic adenovirus expressing IL-12 and GM-CSF was effective in suppressing primary tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonwoo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Jordan BF, Peeterbroeck J, Karroum O, Diepart C, Magat J, Grégoire V, Gallez B. Captopril and S-nitrosocaptopril as potent radiosensitizers: Comparative study and underlying mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:213-9. [PMID: 20144849 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the issue of radiotherapy treatments, we tested whether S-nitrosocaptopril, a molecule combining a NO donor and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor), could temporarily improve the hemodynamic status of experimental tumors. We monitored the effect of S-nitrosocaptopril in TLT tumors using non rinvasive magnetic resonance techniques. We identified a time window during which tumor oxygenation was improved, as a result of a combined effect on tumor blood flow and oxygen consumption. Consequently, the administration of S-nitrosocaptopril contributed to the increase in efficacy of radiation therapy, an effect that was not observed with captopril alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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DU YF, Luo RC, Li GP, Li AM, Ding XM, Yan X, Huang K. [Radioimmunotherapy with 131 I-labeled humanized anti-HBsAg Fab and anti-nucleus antigen monoclonal antibody chTNT in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2008; 28:460-462. [PMID: 18359714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of radioimmunotherapy with 131 I-labeled humanized anti-HBsAg Fab (131 I-anti-HBsAg Fab) combined with 131 I-labeled anti-nucleus antigen monoclonal antibody chTNT (131 I-chTNT) in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Nude mice bearing subcutaneous human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts were treated by intratumoral injection of 131 I-anti-HBsAg Fab and/or 131 I-chTNT, and the changes in the tumor size and alterations in the radioactivity concentration in the tumor and non-tumor tissues were observed. RESULTS The tumor inhibition rate in mice treated with 131 I-anti-HBsAg Fab combined with 131 I-chTNT (73.09%) was significantly higher than that in mice treated with 131 I-anti-HBsAg Fab (47.8%) or 131 I-chTNT (54.26%) alone. Combined treatment also resulted in significantly higher tumor-to-normal radioactivity concentration ratios than the treatment with the single agents. CONCLUSION Intratumoral injection with 131 I-labeled monoclonal antibodies can increase the radioactivity concentration in the tumor and enhance the efficacy of the radioimmunotherapy in nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-feng DU
- Oncology Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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13
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Jia ZY, Deng HF, Pu MF, Luo SZ. Rhenium-188 labelled meso-tetrakis[3,4-bis(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl] porphyrin for targeted radiotherapy: preliminary biological evaluation in mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:734-42. [PMID: 18193220 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study focusses on a promising carrier system for therapeutic and imaging purposes using meso-tetrakis[3,4-bis(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl] porphyrin (T(3,4)CPP). To assess its potential for clinical use, we labelled T(3,4)CPP with (188)Re and analysed some kinetic biodistribution parameters after intravenous injection in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS T(3,4)CPP was synthesized and labelled with (188)Re. Normal Kunming (KM) mice and melanoma- or hepatoma-bearing BALB/c nude mice were injected intravenously with 5.55 MBq (188)Re-labelled T(3,4)CPP and sacrificed at 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 h and 8, and 24 h, respectively. RESULTS The (188)Re-T(3,4)CPP yield was more than 95% with specific activity 16.9 GBq (mol)(-1), and Vitamin C (VC) could increase its stability in vitro. In normal KM mice, (188)Re-T(3,4)CPP had fast blood clearance (approximately 99%, 24 h postinjection), low retention in the vital organs and hepatotropic characteristics. In nude mice, more than 4.4 and 6.1% uptake per gram of tumour (%ID g(-1)) at 8 h postinjection was in melanoma and hepatoma, respectively; this remained as high levels after 24 h as 4.6 and 6.5%, respectively. At 8 h, the tumour/blood and tumour/muscle (T/M) ratios in melanomas and hepatoma bearing mice were 7.3, 13,and 7.0, 20, respectively. Twenty-four hours later, these high ratios still continued in existence which were 9.6, 19 and 10, 25, respectively. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study indicate that (188)Re-T(3,4)CPP has better tumour affinity and retainable accumulation characteristics in carcinoma which can potentially be used for tumour-targeted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-yun Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
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14
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Ansiaux R, Baudelet C, Jordan BF, Crokart N, Martinive P, DeWever J, Grégoire V, Feron O, Gallez B. Mechanism of reoxygenation after antiangiogenic therapy using SU5416 and its importance for guiding combined antitumor therapy. Cancer Res 2007; 66:9698-704. [PMID: 17018628 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging preclinical studies support the concept of a transient "normalization" of tumor vasculature during the early stage of antiangiogenic treatment, with possible beneficial effects on associated radiotherapy or chemotherapy. One key issue in this area of research is to determine whether this feature is common to all antiangiogenic drugs and whether the phenomenon occurs in all types of tumors. In the present study, we characterized the evolution of the tumor oxygenation (in transplantable liver tumor and FSAII tumor models) after administration of SU5416, an antagonist of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. SU5416 induced an early increase in tumor oxygenation [measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR)], which did not correlate with remodeling of the tumor vasculature (assessed by CD31 labeling using immunohistochemistry) or with tumor perfusion (measured by dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging). Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (measured by EPR) was responsible for this early reoxygenation. Consistent with these unique findings in the tumor microenvironment, we found that SU5416 potentiated tumor response to radiotherapy but not to chemotherapy. In addition to the fact that the characterization of the tumor oxygenation is essential to enable correct application of combined therapies, our results show that the long-term inhibition of oxygen consumption is a potential novel target in this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Ansiaux
- Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Ding Y, Chen LH, Wu DH, Sun AM. [Expression of PCNA and GST-pi after stereotactic irradiation for liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma in rabbits]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2007; 27:279-82. [PMID: 17425971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of the cytokines following stereotactic irradiation for hepatocarcinoma with cirrhosis in rabbits. METHODS Sixteen rabbits with liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma (experimental group) were randomized into two equal groups to receive stereotactic irradiation at single dose of 20 and 30 Gy, respectively. Eight rabbits with hepatocarcinoma (control group) were divided into two equal groups and treated in identical manner. All the rabbits were killed 3 weeks after irradiation, and EV two-step method was used to observe the cytokine changes of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) after irradiation. RESULTS After irradiation, PCNA and GST-pi expression showed significant difference in the adjacent liver tissue between the experimental and control rabbits with irradiation at 20 Gy (P=0.010), but not with the irradiation dose of 30 Gy (P=1.000). Irradiation at different doses resulted in significant difference in the cytokine expression in the experimental rabbits (P=0.010). In the liver tissue exposed to irradiation, different irradiation doses resulted in significant difference in PCNA and GST-pi protein expression (P=0.010). CONCLUSIONS For hepatocarcinoma with cirrhosis in rabbits, radiation at the single dose of 30 Gy produces better response than 20 Gy, and PCNA and GST-pi may serve as good indexes for evaluating the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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16
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Kobeiter H, Georgiades CS, Leakakos T, Torbenson M, Hong K, Geschwind JF. Targeted transarterial therapy of Vx-2 rabbit liver tumor with Yttrium-90 labeled ferromagnetic particles using an external magnetic field. Anticancer Res 2007; 27:755-60. [PMID: 17465199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to study the efficacy of liver cancer embolization with magnetically targeted Yttrium-90 labeled ferromagnetic particles and establish the biodistribution profile of these particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of twenty rabbits, nine underwent transarterial radioembolization of implanted Vx-2 tumor with increasing 90Y-MTC doses, three were treated with carrier particles alone, four remained untreated and four were sacrificed early to document biodistribution. At various intervals, animals were sacrificed and biodistribution, liver cancer viability and toxicity were measured. RESULTS There was a dose related degree of tumor necrosis, with greater than 90 Gy yielding 100% necrosis (baseline 50%). Blood radioactivity one hour post-radioembolization was less than 0.0275 microCi/g. No hematological toxicity was observed. Except for the non-targeted right liver lobe, organ radioactivity levels were within tolerance levels. Significant left (targeted) hepatic lobe necrosis was seen in subjects receiving high doses. CONCLUSION Hepatic arterial radioembolization with 9Y-MTC bolstered by external magnetic field has significant tumoricidal effect and a favorable biodistribution profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Kobeiter
- University of Paris XII Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris, France
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17
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Nitta Y, Satoh K, Suga S, Endo S, Nitta K. Comparison of the effectiveness of high and low LET radiations for the proportion of survivals with liver tumors at every age in (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN) F1 mice. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:647-53. [PMID: 16891775 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the late effects of neutrons at the energy below 1 MeV on the liver carcinogenesis as a function of age, one-week old mice were exposed to 1.0 Gy monoenergetic neutrons (0.317, 0.525 and 1.026 MeV) or 137Cs gamma rays. Survival and carcinogenesis were examined by 18 months of age. Following radiation, tumor incidences in liver, Harderian gland, lung, ovary and pituitary gland were compared. The proportion of the lifespan with liver tumors exposed to neutrons to that exposed to gamma rays was calculated as a function of age. Survival rates among the three groups exposed to neutrons of different energies were not significantly different from one another but shorter than those treated with gamma rays for both sexes. With regard to liver tumor incidence evaluated at 18 months of age, the effectiveness of neutrons to gamma rays was 2.54 for females, and 2.08 for males by the factor. Levels of estrogen in the serum were similar between mice bearing liver tumors and those devoid of tumors. In conclusion, all three energies of neutrons induced similar effectiveness with respect to liver carcinogenicity. Proportions of the lifespan with liver tumors of neutron-exposed to gamma-exposed were shorter in females than males along with ages over 12 months. To obtain this factor at every age contributed for the evaluation of the biological effectiveness of radiations with the parameter of tumor incidence and latency simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nitta
- International Radiation Information Center, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
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18
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Bertram JM, Yang D, Converse MC, Webster JG, Mahvi DM. Antenna design for microwave hepatic ablation using an axisymmetric electromagnetic model. Biomed Eng Online 2006; 5:15. [PMID: 16504153 PMCID: PMC1501026 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-5-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An axisymmetric finite element method (FEM) model was employed to demonstrate important techniques used in the design of antennas for hepatic microwave ablation (MWA). To effectively treat deep-seated hepatic tumors, these antennas should produce a highly localized specific absorption rate (SAR) pattern and be efficient radiators at approved generator frequencies. Methods and results As an example, a double slot choked antenna for hepatic MWA was designed and implemented using FEMLAB™ 3.0. Discussion This paper emphasizes the importance of factors that can affect simulation accuracy, which include boundary conditions, the dielectric properties of liver tissue, and mesh resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Bertram
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Deshan Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - John G Webster
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - David M Mahvi
- Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792 USA
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Zhang K, Loong SLE, Connor S, Yu SWK, Tan SY, Ng RTH, Lee KM, Canham L, Chow PKH. Complete tumor response following intratumoral 32P BioSilicon on human hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:7532-7. [PMID: 16243828 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 32P BioSilicon is a new, implantable, radiological medical device that comprises particles of highly pure silicon encapsulating 32phosphorus (32P) for the treatment of unresectable solid tumors. Prior to administration, the device particles are suspended in a formulant which provides an even suspension of the intended dose for implantation. The primary objective of this animal trial study was to investigate the effects of intratumoral injection of 32)P BioSilicon on human hepatocellular (HepG2) and pancreatic carcinoma (2119) xenografts implanted in nude mice (BALB/c). A secondary objective was the histopathologic examination of the tumor foci and surrounding tissue during the study. METHODS Cultured human carcinoma cells (HepG2 and 2119) were injected s.c. into the gluteal region of nude mice. When the implanted tumors were approximately 1 cm in diameter, 32P BioSilicon (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MBq) or formulant was injected into the tumors. Implanted tumor size was measured once a week for 10 weeks. At study termination, the tumor and surrounding normal tissue were collected and fixed in 10% formalin and processed for histopathologic analysis. RESULTS 32P BioSilicon produced a reduction in HepG2 tumor volume when compared with formulant control, and complete response was observed among tumors in the 1.0 and 2.0 MBq treatment groups after week 8. There was also significant reduction in 2119 tumor volume in all treated groups, with the complete response rate of 67% in the 2.0 MBq group. CONCLUSION 32P BioSilicon suppressed the growth of both human hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinoma xenografts implanted in nude mice and complete responses were also observed in tumors at higher radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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20
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Crokart N, Radermacher K, Jordan BF, Baudelet C, Cron GO, Grégoire V, Beghein N, Bouzin C, Feron O, Gallez B. Tumor radiosensitization by antiinflammatory drugs: evidence for a new mechanism involving the oxygen effect. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7911-6. [PMID: 16140962 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might enhance tumor radiosensitivity by increasing tumor oxygenation (pO2), via either a decrease in the recruitment of macrophages or from inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. The effect of four NSAIDs (diclofenac, indomethacin, piroxicam, and NS-398) on pO2 was studied in murine TLT liver tumors and FSaII fibrosarcomas. At the time of maximum pO2 (t(max), 30 minutes after administration), perfusion, oxygen consumption, and radiation sensitivity were studied. Local pO2 measurements were done using electron paramagnetic resonance. Tumor perfusion and permeability measurements were assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The oxygen consumption rate of tumor cells after in vivo NSAID administration was measured using high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance. Tumor-infiltrating macrophage localization was done with immunohistochemistry using CD11b antibody. All the NSAIDs tested caused a rapid increase in pO2. At t(max), tumor perfusion decreased, indicating that the increase in pO2 was not caused by an increase in oxygen supply. Also at t(max), global oxygen consumption decreased but the amount of tumor-infiltrating macrophages remained unchanged. Our study strongly indicates that the oxygen effect caused by NSAIDs is primarily mediated by an effect on mitochondrial respiration. When irradiation (18 Gy) was applied at t(max), the tumor radiosensitivity was enhanced (regrowth delay increased by a factor of 1.7). These results show the potential utility of an acute administration of NSAIDs for radiosensitizing tumors, and shed new light on the mechanisms of NSAID radiosensitization. These results also provide a new rationale for the treatment schedule when combining NSAIDs and radiotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Nitrobenzenes/pharmacology
- Oxygen/administration & dosage
- Oxygen/metabolism
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Radiation Tolerance/drug effects
- Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Crokart
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Our previous data indicate, that hematoporphyrin dimethyl ether (HPde) can totally inhibit the growth of aggressive Ehrlich ascite tumour, when combined with low doses (2Gy) of ionizing radiation. Taking into account these findings, it appears of particular interest to evaluate the dependence of radiosensitizing efficiency of porphyrins on tumour aggressiveness. For this purpose two experimental tumour models (aggressive murine Ehrlich ascite carcinoma, (EAT), and not-aggressive hepatoma MH-22A) were used. Moreover, radiosensitizing properties of three porphyrin-type compounds of different chemical heterogeneity were evaluated (hematoporphyrin dimethyl ether (HPde), photofrin II (PII) and hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)). Data obtained indicate, that HPde is the most effective one in this context (HPde>PII>HPD). It is important to note, that only the aggressive EAT tumours were radiosensitized by these dyes. No signs of radiosensitization (inhibition of tumour growth, injury of tumour tissue, evaluated by histological analysis) were observed in not-aggressive MH-22A hepatoma. Moreover, it was shown, that ligands of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) might diminish the cell growth in aggressive EAT, but not in not-aggressive MH-22A hepatoma. The mechanism of radiosensitization by porphyrins, proposed in our previous studies, was strongly confirmed by these data. Actually, dicarboxylic porphyrins, being ligands of PBR, which are highly expressed in just aggressive tumours, can inhibit tumour cell proliferation and act in concert with ionizing radiation. Thus, combination of porphyrin and ionising radiation reflects the action of two antiproliferative factors, what eventually increases the response of aggressive tumours to the low doses of ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivile Luksiene
- Institute of Materials Science and Applied Research, Sauletekio 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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22
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Seppenwoolde JH, Nijsen JFW, Bartels LW, Zielhuis SW, van Het Schip AD, Bakker CJG. Internal radiation therapy of liver tumors: qualitative and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the biodistribution of holmium-loaded microspheres in animal models. Magn Reson Med 2005; 53:76-84. [PMID: 15690505 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In internal radiation therapy of unresectable liver tumors, microspheres containing a radionuclide are injected in the hepatic artery to achieve a preferential deposition of microspheres in the lesions. In this study, MR imaging techniques for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the biodistribution of holmium-loaded microspheres (HoMS) were investigated for their use in selective internal radiation therapy of liver tumors. To achieve this goal, the relaxivity of HoMS was first investigated in gel experiments. The resultant calibration curve was subsequently employed to quantify the biodistribution of HoMS administered to 13 excised rabbit livers and to the livers of 3 live rabbits with an implanted tumor. Finally, the feasibility of MR imaging of the biodistribution during treatment of a large animal was investigated by MR imaging of hepatic administration of HoMS to a live pig. Overall, the study showed that MRI can clearly depict the biodistribution of HoMS, but that quantification by means of the gel calibration curve yields an underestimation that increases for higher amounts of HoMS. The observed underestimation is tentatively attributed to accumulations of HoMS in larger liver vessels. The exploratory quantification experiments suggest the feasibility of MR dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Henry Seppenwoolde
- Image Sciences Institute, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Maksan SM, Schmidt E, Ryschich E, Harms W, Schmidt J. Enhancement of leukocyte adhesion after percutaneous irradiation in rats with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:1991-4. [PMID: 15800992 PMCID: PMC4305723 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i13.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of percutaneous radiation on leukocyte-endothelium interaction (LEI) in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Twelve ACI rats underwent HCC-inoculation, six of which on day 12 received low-dose external radiation and six did not. After 12 h intravital microscopy was performed.
RESULTS: LEI was significantly reduced in tumor tissue. However, irradiation of liver sinusoids and tumor tissue with 6 Gy led to a significant activation of leukocyte adhesion in the tumor with a marked increase of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α.
CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the immunological tumor-endothelial barrier can be overcome by external irradiation.
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Zheng AQ, Song XR, Yu JM, Wei L, Wang XW. [Inhibition of liver tumor growth by combining endostatin gene delivery with radiotherapy]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2005; 13:309-10. [PMID: 15850527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Qing Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan 250117, China
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25
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Faivre J, Clerc J, Gérolami R, Hervé J, Longuet M, Liu B, Roux J, Moal F, Perricaudet M, Bréchot C. Long-term radioiodine retention and regression of liver cancer after sodium iodide symporter gene transfer in wistar rats. Cancer Res 2004; 64:8045-51. [PMID: 15520214 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radioiodine therapy of nonthyroid cancers after sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene delivery has been proposed as a potential application of gene therapy. However, it seems to be precluded by the rapid efflux of taken up iodine from most transduced xenografted tumors. We present an in vivo kinetic study of NIS-related hepatic iodine uptake in an aggressive model of hepatocarcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in immunocompetent Wistar rats. We followed the whole-body iodine distribution by repeated imaging of live animals. We constructed a rat NIS (rNIS) adenoviral vector, Ad-CMV-rNIS, using the cytomegalovirus (CMV) as a promoter. Injected in the portal vein in 5 healthy and 25 hepatocarcinoma-bearing rats and liver tumors in 9 hepatocarcinoma-bearing rats, Ad-CMV-rNIS drove expression of a functional NIS protein by hepatocytes and allowed marked (from 20 to 30% of the injected dose) and sustained (>11 days) iodine uptake. This contrasts with the massive iodine efflux found in vitro in human hepatic tumor cell lines. In vivo specific inhibition of NIS by sodium perchlorate led to a rapid iodine efflux from the liver, indicating that the sustained uptake was not attributable to an active retention mechanism but to permanent recycling of the effluent radioiodine via the high hepatic blood flow. Radioiodine therapy after Ad-CMV-rNIS administration achieved a strong inhibition of tumor growth, the complete regression of small nodules, and prolonged survival of hepatocarcinoma-bearing rats. This demonstrates for the first time the efficacy of NIS-based radiotherapy in a relevant preclinical model of nonthyroid human carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Faivre
- Department of Liver Cancer and Molecular Virology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 370, Paris V University, CHU Necker, Paris, France.
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26
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Suzuki M, Nagata K, Masunaga S, Kinashi Y, Sakurai Y, Maruhashi A, Ono K. Biodistribution of 10B in a rat liver tumor model following intra-arterial administration of sodium borocaptate (BSH)/degradable starch microspheres (DSM) emulsion. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 61:933-7. [PMID: 15308171 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We reported that intra-arterial administration of borocaptate sodium (BSH)/lipiodol emulsion provided selectively high (10)B concentrations (approximately 200 ppm 6 h after administration) in experimental liver tumors. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of BSH following intra-arterial administration of BSH with other embolizing agent, degradable starch microspheres (DSM). The (10)B concentration in the tumor at 1 h after administration of BSH with DSM was 231 ppm. At 6 h, the (10)B concentration in the tumor in BSH with DSM group was 81.5 ppm. The (10)B concentration in the liver at 1 h after administration of BSH with DSM was 184 ppm. At 6 h, the(10)B concentration in the liver in BSH with DSM group was 78 ppm. The tumor/liver (10)B concentration ratios (T/L ratio) in the "BSH+DSM" group were significantly smaller than those in the "BSH+lipiodol" group at 1 h (1.4 vs. 3.6) and 6h (1.1 vs. 14.9). BSH/DSM-boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was not suitable for treatment of multiple liver tumors due to the low T/L (10)B concentration ratio. However, the high (10)B accumulation in the liver tumors following intra-arterial administration of BSH/DSM emulsion suggests that BSH/DSM-BNCT has the potential for application to malignant tumors in other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Suzuki
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Noda, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of phosphorus-32 glass microspheres (32P-GMS) on human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice.
METHODS: Human liver cancer cell line was implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of 40 BALB/c nude mice. Then the 40 tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice were allocated into treatment group (n = 32) and control group (n = 8). In the former group different doses of 32P-GMS were injected into the tumor mass, while in the latter nonradioactive 31P-GMS was injected into the tumor mass. The experimental animals were sacrificed on the 14th day. The ultrastructural changes of tumor in both treatment group and control group were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and stereology.
RESULTS: In treatment group, a lot of tumor cells were killed and the death rate of tumor cells was much higher (35%-70%). Ultrastructurally, severe nuclear damage was observed in the death cells. The characteristics of appoptosis such as margination of heterochromatin was also found in some tumor cells. Besides, well differentiated tumor cells, degenerative tumor cells and some lymphocytes were seen. The skin and muscle adjacent to the tumor were normal. In control group, the tumor consisted of poorly differentiated tumor cells, in which there were only a few of dead cells (5%). Stereologicl analysis of ultrastructral morphology showed that Vv of nuclei (53.31 ± 3.46) and Vv of nucleoli (20.40 ± 1.84) in the control group were larger than those (30.21 ± 3.52 and 10.96 ± 2.52) in the treatment group respectively (P < 0.01), and Vv of RER (3.21 ± 0.54) and Vv of mitochondria (4.53 ± 0.89) in the control group were smaller than those (8.67 ± 1.25 and 7.12 ± 0.95) in the treatment group respectively (P < 0.01, 0.05). Sv of the membrane of microvilli and canaliculi (27.12 um2/100 um3± 11.84 um2/100 um3) in the control group was smaller than that (78.81 um2/100 um3± 19.69 um2/100 um3) in the treatment group (P < 0.01). But Vv of lipid particles (3.71 ± 1.97) and Vv of vacuoles (5.72 ± 1.58) were much larger than those (0.30 ± 0.16 and 0.35 ± 0.15) in the treatment group respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The experimental results indicate that local administration of 32P-GMS can produce obvious effect on liver cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 32P-GMS is directly proportional to the dose administrated. Ultrastructural stereology can also show the effect of 32P-GMS on the normalization of tumor cells, which is beneficial to the prognosis and treatment of patients. Moreover, local administrtion of 32P-GMS is also safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Suzuki M, Masunaga S, Kinashi Y, Nagata K, Sakurai Y, Nakamatsu K, Nishimura Y, Maruhashi A, Ono K. Intra-arterial administration of sodium borocaptate (BSH)/lipiodol emulsion delivers B-10 to liver tumors highly selectively for boron neutron capture therapy: experimental studies in the rat liver model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 59:260-6. [PMID: 15093923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Revised: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is particle radiotherapy with alpha ((4)He) particle and recoiled lithium nucleus ((7)Li) derived from a reaction of boron ((10)B) and thermal neutron. We investigated applying BNCT to malignant liver tumors. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the efficacy for administration of emulsion of a boron compound (sodium borocaptate; BSH) and lipiodol via a hepatic artery using a rat liver tumor model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Rat liver tumors were developed by direct injection of Walker 256 cells into the liver parenchyma. BSH (75 mg/kg)/lipiodol (0.3 mL/kg) emulsion was administered via the hepatic artery. Boron concentrations in the tumors, liver, and blood were measured at 1, 6, and 12 h after administration. Neutron capture radiography (NCR) was taken to confirm the selective accumulation of (10)B in the liver tumors. RESULTS Boron concentrations in the liver tumors and the tumor/liver (T/L) boron concentration ratio at 1, 6, and 12 h after administration of BSH/lipiodol emulsion (concentration: T/L ratio) were 479.2 ppm: 4.0, 197.3 ppm: 14.9, and 96.5 ppm: 6.6, respectively. Highly selective irradiation was clearly demonstrated by the NCR images. CONCLUSIONS Intra-arterial administration of BSH/lipiodol emulsion is effective method for delivering high concentration of (10)B selectively to the liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Suzuki
- Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Fedorowski A, Steciwko A, Rabczynski J. Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation May Lead to Regression of Morris Hepatoma in Buffalo Rats. J Altern Complement Med 2004; 10:251-60. [PMID: 15165406 DOI: 10.1089/107555304323062248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of low-frequency electromagnetic (LF-EM) waves on the processes of carcinogenesis and tumor growth has been the subject of experimental investigations for more than two decades and the results are promising. In parallel, an interesting method of complementary medicine, biophysical-information therapy (BIT) or bioresonance therapy (BRT), which in principle is based on LF-EM stimulation, has emerged. BRT has been known since the late 1980s but is still poorly studied. The idea of applying BRT to tumors is based on two main premises: (1) endogenous biophotonic emission in the case of tumors is different from that produced by healthy tissues/cells and (2) BRT effects are believed to be primarily manifested at the immune-system level. Consequently, we decided to study the influence of BRT on a dynamic and well-known process: the expansion of transplantable hepatoma in rats. DESIGN The study was carried out on female Buffalo rats with implanted Morris tumors (three experimental and one control group). Fourteen (14) consecutive in vivo exposures using a BRT device (BICOM B15, REGUMED Regulative Medizintechnik Gmbh, Graefelfing, Germany), were made from the third day after inoculation of the tumors. Biometric observations, intra vitam (tumor volume, growth ratio), were completed with histologic investigation (implantation locus, selected internal organs [lungs]). RESULTS Thirty-one (31) cases (69%; n = 45) of total tumor regression were observed in experimental groups and these individuals were anesthetized to enable histologic verification to be made. No lung metastases--usually observed in tumor-bearers--could be detected. Moreover, in the inoculation loci, traces of former implantation and tumor absorption were found to be associated with high activity of cell-mediated immune response. No regressions were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS We cannot exclude the possibility that LF-EM signals transmitted via BRT into the tumor-bearers may stimulate two separate processes: effective immunological response and/or tumor-cell death. The method appears to be capable of inducing the regression of transplantable hepatoma in vivo, thus is a potential subject of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Fedorowski
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Syrokomli Wroclaw, Poland.
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30
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Abstract
Identification of tumor-specific antigens and genetic pathways may lead to potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. cDNA microarray has been used in cancer gene profiling, but the broad spectrum of data accruing and narrow signal-to-noise range of this technology have limited its use in rapid identification of highly differentially expressed tumor genes. Here, we used a modified suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method to isolate a small number of highly differentially expressed genes from murine hepatoma cells. For functional analysis of these hepatoma-specific genes, we employed the small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing method with lentiviral vectors, which have the advantages of high delivery efficiency and long lasting effect. Stem cell antigen-2 (Sca-2) was identified as one of the highest differentially expressed tumor antigens. Lentiviral siRNA successfully suppressed >90% of Sca-2 expression and the suppression lasted longer than 3 mo. Interestingly, inhibition of Sca-2 induced rapid hepatoma cell apoptosis, and the survival Sca-2-negative hepatoma cells exhibited high sensitivity to extrinsic tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) apoptosis signal but not intrinsic apoptosis signal. Analysis of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) by flow cytometry and Western blotting indicated that Sca-2 expression downregulated cell surface but not de novo synthesis of TNFR1 in the hepatoma cells. Together, our results suggested that Sca-2 was a signal transducer situated at the nexus of surface molecules regulating death receptor-mediated apoptosis. The technology illustrated that this method can deduce a small number of highly differentially expressed tumor genes that may have diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/physiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Reference Values
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Ultraviolet Rays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Department of Molecular and Microbiology, Powell Gene Therapy Center and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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31
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Luksiene Z. Experimental evidence on possibility to radiosensitize aggressive tumors by porphyrins. Medicina (Kaunas) 2004; 40:868-74. [PMID: 15456974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Two murine experimental tumor models of different aggressiveness (murine Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and MH-22A hepatoma) were used to investigate the radiosensitization by porphyrins. Data obtained clearly indicate that hematoporphyrin dimethyl ether, photofrin and hematoporphyrin derivative exert some radiosensitizing properties which are in clear correlation with purity of the compound. Of interest to note, that just aggressive Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma was radiosensitized to gamma-radiation, whereas no signs of radiosensitization were observed in MH-22A hepatoma tumor. Data obtained support the idea, that dicarboxylic porphyrins, being ligands of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (responsible for proliferation and highly expressed in aggressive tumors) might induce several sublethal injuries in the cell which further work in concert with ionizing radiation producing synergistic interaction of two antiproliferative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivile Luksiene
- Institute of Material Science and Applied Research, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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32
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Zager JS, Delman KA, Ebright MI, Malhotra S, Larson S, Fong Y. Use of radiolabelled iododeoxyuridine as adjuvant treatment for experimental tumours of the liver. Br J Surg 2003; 90:1225-31. [PMID: 14515291 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine whether hepatic regeneration stimulates growth of tumour residing within the liver, and whether a difference in the rate of DNA synthesis in liver and tumour may be used to target cancer using the radiolabelled thymidine analogue 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR). METHODS Partial hepatectomy was performed on Buffalo rats bearing solitary nodules of syngeneic Morris hepatoma. Liver and tumour DNA synthesis was measured by incorporation of radioactive IUdR. [(125)I]IUdR was tested as an adjuvant therapy after hepatectomy in Buffalo rats bearing diffuse microscopic Morris hepatomas to simulate the clinical situation. RESULTS Liver regeneration enhanced liver and tumour DNA synthesis as measured by incorporation of radioactive IUdR. Liver DNA synthesis returned to baseline by 7 days, whereas tumour DNA synthesis remained above baseline level. Hepatectomy enhanced the growth of microscopic liver tumours. [(125)I]IUdR (250 micro Ci or 1 mCi/kg) administered 4 days after hepatectomy significantly reduced tumour growth without signs of systemic toxicity or liver dysfunction. CONCLUSION The local environment of the regenerating liver stimulates tumour growth. The thymidine analogue [(125)I]IUdR may be used preferentially to target tumour DNA synthesis in the regenerating liver, and may prove useful as an adjuvant therapy for hepatic tumours after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Zager
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
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33
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Abstract
Ethiodol (or lipiodol) is selectively retained in hepatocellular carcinoma and is used as a vehicle to deliver radioactive agents following intraarterial hepatic infusion. We prepared the lipophilic complex 90Y-oxine with a radiolabeling efficiency of 97.6+/-1.1%. After extraction into ethiodol, a stability test in serum at 37 degrees C showed that 87.8% of the 90Y remained ethiodol-bound for 7 days. Bremsstrahlung imaging of a rabbit for 48 h confirmed that the homogeneous mixture of radiolabeled 90Y-oxine and ethiodol stayed in the targeted liver lobe. This radiopharmaceutical is thus a potential candidate for the treatment of non-resectable liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 9500 Euclid Avenue T28 Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Breeman WAP, Mearadji A, Capello A, Bernard BF, van Eijck CHJ, Krenning EP, de Jong M. Anti-tumor effect and increased survival after treatment with [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate in a rat liver micrometastases model. Int J Cancer 2003; 104:376-9. [PMID: 12569562 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peptide receptor scintigraphy with [(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreotide (a stabilized radiolabeled somatostatin (SS) analogue, OctreoScan) is widely used for the visualization and staging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. The application of likewise somatostatin analogues as vehicle for the deliverance of radionuclides to somatostatin receptor-positive targets are now in use for peptide receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Currently preclinical and clinical investigation are ongoing trying to find the optimal combination of radionuclide and ligand. The anti-tumoral effects of such combinations, like [90Y-DOTA degrees, Tyr(3)]octreotide and [(177)Lu-DOTA degrees, Tyr(3)]octreotate, on SSR-positive solid tumors have been reported. In this study we present the anti-tumor effects of (177)Lu-DOTA-tate on: a) a single SSR-positive cell model and b) on a SSR-positive tumor in a rat liver micrometastatic model, mimicking disseminated disease. (177)Lu-DOTA-tate showed anti-tumoral effects in both cases and significant survival in the PRRT-treated rats. (177)Lu-DOTA-tate is a very promising new treatment modality for SSR-positive tumors, including disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A P Breeman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Hehr T, Budach W, Lamprecht U, Belka C, Classen J, Trübenbach J, Wehrmann M, Dietz K, Bamberg M. Experimental thermoradiotherapy in malignant hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 55:1374-80. [PMID: 12654450 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(02)04615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The human liver is known to be a relatively radiosensitive organ that develops clinically relevant late radiation hepatitis subsequent to whole liver treatment with total doses above 30 Gy in conventional fractionation. Experimental data, as well as clinical series, have demonstrated that hyperthermia of solid tumors in addition to radiotherapy enhances tumor growth inhibition and tumor control probability. We therefore developed an experimental model for combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia of the liver in transplantable rat Morris hepatoma 3924A. METHODS AND MATERIALS A cube of approximately 8 mm(3) was implanted subcapsularly into the middle liver lobe of 59 male syngenic ACI rats weighing approximately 180-200 g. On Day 16 after tumor implantation, irradiation of the tumor-bearing liver with either 0 Gy/25 Gy/35 Gy/45 Gy total dose in 10 fractions +/- hyperthermia (target temperature 40-42 degrees C) twice a week was initiated. Energy deposition was monitored by temperature probes in the liver and esophagus of the rats. Determination of tumor volume with magnetic resonance imaging was performed 2 to 5 weeks after the end of therapy. The tumor growth rates could be estimated for 44 rats. If the growth rate was positive (37 rats), the inverse of the growth rate was interpreted as the time to 10-fold tumor volume. Otherwise the maximum observation time was considered as a censored value in a parametric survival analysis. RESULTS Intrahepatic temperature probes showed a temperature plateau of greater than 40 degrees C after 5 to 8 min subsequent to initiation of hyperthermia. The target temperatures could be maintained for at least 22 min > or =40 degrees C and 10 min > or =41 degrees C, respectively. Median plateau temperature in liver, esophagus, and epicutaneously was 41.2 degrees C (standard deviation [SD] 0.7 degrees C; range 38.2 to 43.3 degrees C), 40.4 degrees C (SD 1.08 degrees C; range 38.9 to 41.8 degrees C), and 40.8 degrees C (SD 0.8 degrees C; range 38.2 to 42.7 degrees C), respectively. Elevation of the temperature in the esophagus correlated with intrahepatic temperatures in the range of 39-42 degrees C, r = 0.957. The increase in time to 10-fold tumor volume for each step of irradiation dosage was by 34% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20% to 49%) without hyperthermia and by 60% (95% CI 47% to 80%) with hyperthermia (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Treatment outcome after experimental percutaneous thermoradiotherapy in intrahepatically implanted Morris hepatoma 3924A was related to total dose of irradiation and concurrently administered regional hyperthermia. An increased radiosensitivity due to hyperthermia (<42 degrees C) has to be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hehr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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36
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Slooter GD, Aalbers AGJ, Breeman WAP, Hiemstra CA, Marquet RL, Krenning EP, van Eijck CHJ. The inhibitory effect of (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide on intrahepatic tumor growth after partial hepatectomy. J Nucl Med 2002; 43:1681-7. [PMID: 12468520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this animal study was to evaluate whether peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)(0)-octreotide was able to reduce tumor growth even under tumor growth-stimulating conditions induced by partial hepatectomy (PHx). METHODS Rats underwent 70% PHx or sham operation. The development of hepatic metastases was determined 21 d after direct injection of somatostatin receptor (SS-R)-positive or SS-R-negative tumor cells into the portal vein. Groups of 8 or 9 animals that underwent PHx or sham operation were treated with octreotide 50 micro g/kg subcutaneously twice daily or with 370 MBq (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide intravenously on days 1 and 8. Both treatments were compared with control treatment. Forty non-tumor-bearing rats were used to determine the influence of (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide therapy on liver regeneration after PHx. RESULTS PHx induced an increase in tumor growth in all experiments (P < 0.01). Octreotide treatment did not influence tumor growth after PHx or sham operation. (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide could effectively reduce tumor growth in the liver of SS-R-positive tumors also under conditions of increased tumor growth as generated by PHx (P < 0.01). (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide was also effective on SS-R-negative tumors after PHx (P = 0.01) but not after sham operation. Furthermore, (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide therapy did not influence liver regeneration or liver function after PHx. CONCLUSION Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (111)In-DTPA(0)-octreotide is effective in SS-R-positive tumors. During liver regeneration, the growth of SS-R-negative tumors is also reduced. This effect is not induced by impairment of liver regeneration or liver function. Radionuclide therapy could therefore be a promising treatment modality for patients with symptomatic liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumors in combination with liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit D Slooter
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Li XF, Kinuya S, Yokoyama K, Koshida K, Mori H, Shiba K, Watanabe N, Shuke N, Michigishi T, Tonami N. Benefits of combined radioimmunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy in a liver metastasis model of human colon cancer cells. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002; 29:1669-74. [PMID: 12458402 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-002-0997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2002] [Accepted: 08/09/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of anti-angiogenic therapy (AT) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) may improve the therapeutic outcome in patients with cancer lesions. This hypothesis is based on the ability of AT to suppress tumour endothelial compartments and the direct action of RIT against tumour cells. We previously confirmed this hypothesis in an established subcutaneous xenograft model of colon cancer. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the benefit of this combination within a liver metastasis model, which mimics treatment of minimal disease in an adjuvant setting. Liver metastases were established in nude mice by intrasplenic inoculation of LS180 colon cancer cells; following such inoculation, metastases of <1 mm in diameter can be observed at 1 week and these lesions can attain a size of several millimetres at 2 weeks. Daily AT with 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-ME), 75 mg/kg, was initiated at 1 week. RIT with 7 MBq of (131)I-A7, an IgG1 anti-colorectal monoclonal antibody, was conducted at 2 weeks. RIT employing an irrelevant IgG1, (131)I-HPMS-1, was implemented for comparison. The weight of liver metastases was measured 4 weeks after cell inoculation. The effect of AT on (131)I-A7 accumulation in metastases was also observed. Toxicity of treatment was monitored by blood cell counts. Monotherapy with 2-ME AT or (131)I-A7 RIT significantly suppressed metastasis growth ( P<0.0001): metastasis weight was 5.96+/-0.87 g in non-treated controls, 2.67+/-1.89 g in cases receiving AT and 0.85+/-0.68 g in those receiving (131)I-A7 RIT. Combination of AT and (131)I-A7 RIT more effectively suppressed the growth to 0.28+/-0.32 g ( P<0.05 vs RIT alone). The effect of (131)I-HPMS-1 RIT, which suppressed metastasis growth to 2.25+/-0.88 g, was significant in comparison with the control ( P<0.0001); however, the combination of AT and (131)I-HPMS-1 RIT (which suppressed growth to 1.41+/-0.68 g) was far less effective than the combination of AT and (131)I-A7 RIT. AT did not decrease (131)I-A7 accumulation in metastases. AT did not affect RIT myelotoxicity. The results of this study demonstrating the combined effects of AT and (131)I-A7 RIT in a small metastasis model indicate that such combination therapy may be suitable for the treatment of minimal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Biotracer Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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Lin WY, Chi CW, Ho YJ, Wu IC, Chung YT, Chen SD, Chou FI, Kai JJ, Lui WY, Chen TJ, Lin Y. Boron-lipiodol: a potential new drug for the treatment of liver tumors. Anticancer Res 2002; 22:3989-92. [PMID: 12553023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a form of radiation therapy and has been proposed for the treatment of some malignancies with encouraging results. However, none of them has ever been applied to liver malignancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of boron-lipiodol (B-lipiodol) for the treatment of VX2 liver tumor via BNCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve New Zealand rabbits were randomly separated into two groups: lipiodol and boron-lipiodol groups. The rabbits were anesthetized, a midline incision was made and the left lobe of the liver was injected with 0.1 ml of VX2 tumor cells. After the tumor reached 2-3 cm in diameter, the rabbits were anesthetized and 0.5 ml of boron-lipiodol was injected into the hepatic artery via an angiocatheter. Liver function tests and renal function tests were performed before, at 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days after injection of drugs in both groups. The concentration of boron in various tissues was determined on the 7th day after injection. RESULTS Liver function was abnormal at 12 hours after injection, and then gradually returned to normal at 7 days, indicative of acute temporary hepatic damage. As for the renal function, no significant change was noted in either group. The boron level was 49.7 ppm in tumor and 6.31 ppm in the healthy liver 7 days after injection of B-lipiodol. The ratio of boron concentrations between the tumor and the normal liver tissue was 7.87. As for blood and other organs including spleen, heart and kidney, the concentration of boron was low. In the lipiodol group, the boron concentrations in tumor and various organs were low. CONCLUSION The high concentration of boron after intra-arterial injection of B-lipiodol can be used for neutron capture therapy. B-lipiodol has potential for the treatment of liver malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
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Taper HS, Roberfroid MB. Non-toxic potentiation of cancer radiotherapy by dietary oligofructose or inulin. Anticancer Res 2002; 22:3319-23. [PMID: 12530081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-toxic, dietary treatment with oligofructose or inulin clearly inhibited the growth of a transplantable mouse liver tumor (TLT) and potentiated its chemotherapy. Thus, it appeared interesting to investigate the possible radiotherapy-potentiating effects of the same dietary treatment. Dietary treatment with 15% oligofructose or inulin incorporated in the basal diet was started four weeks before intramuscular transplantation of TLT tumor cells into young adult male mice of the NMRI strain and was continued until the end of the experiment. When the tumors reached approximately 1000 mm3 they were irradiated with a single X-ray dose of 5 to 20 Gy. Tumor dimensions were measured twice weekly and their mean volume per group of mice was compared to the control groups fed the basal diet. This non-toxic dietary treatment with oligofructose or inulin potentiated the effects of radiotherapy at an optimal dose of 10 Gy to a statistically very highly significant (p < 0.0001) level. They were similar for oligofructose and inulin. The introduction of such non-toxic adjuvant treatment potentiating the effect of cancer radiotherapy in classical protocols of human cancer treatment appears to be possible and without any additional risk for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk S Taper
- Unité Pharmacocinétique, Métabolisme, Nutrition et Toxicologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Em. Mounier, 73, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Koch CJ, Oprysko PR, Shuman AL, Jenkins WT, Brandt G, Evans SM. Radiosensitization of hypoxic tumor cells by dodecafluoropentane: a gas-phase perfluorochemical emulsion. Cancer Res 2002; 62:3626-9. [PMID: 12097264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
One method to make hypoxic, radioresistant cells more radiation sensitive has been to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of normal blood using liquid perfluorochemical emulsions combined with breathing high pO2 gases. We investigated the ability of dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) to sensitize the moderately radiation-resistant Morris 7777 hepatoma based on our previous inability to modify the radiation response of this tumor. DDFP is used in very small quantities compared with perfluorchemicals reported previously. Rats under isoflurane anesthesia were administered EF5 3 h before irradiation to monitor the pretreatment level of tissue hypoxia. At -40 min, DDFP was administered i.v. at 3.5 ml/kg over 30 min. At -10 min, the rats were either continued with air (for controls) or switched to carbogen. The tumors were then irradiated and processed for evaluation of radiation response. Tumor-cell survival for DDFP treatment with air-breathing animals was not significantly different from controls treated without DDFP. Carbogen alone provided minimal sensitization. DDFP plus carbogen caused dramatic radiosensitization, and the radiation response of cells from these tumors was the same as a completely aerobic radiation response. DDFP plus carbogen appears to completely reverse the hypoxic cell radioresistance in this tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Koch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6072, USA.
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Jordan BF, Grégoire V, Demeure RJ, Sonveaux P, Feron O, O'Hara J, Vanhulle VP, Delzenne N, Gallez B. Insulin increases the sensitivity of tumors to irradiation: involvement of an increase in tumor oxygenation mediated by a nitric oxide-dependent decrease of the tumor cells oxygen consumption. Cancer Res 2002; 62:3555-61. [PMID: 12068004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of insulin on tumor oxygenation, perfusion, oxygen consumption,and radiation sensitivity were studied on two different mouse tumor models (TLT, a liver tumor, and FSAII, a fibrosarcoma). Anesthetized mice were infused with insulin i.v. at a rate of 16 milliUnits/kg/min for 25 min. Local tumor oxygenation measurements were carried out using two independent techniques: electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry and a fiber-optic device (OxyLite). Two complementary techniques were also used to assess the blood flow inside the tumor: a laser Doppler system (OxyFlo) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The oxygen consumption rate of tumor cells after in vivo insulin infusion was measured using high frequency electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry. To know if insulin was able to enhance radiation-induced tumor regrowth delay, tumor-bearing mice were treated with 16 Gy of 250 kV radiation dose after insulin infusion. We provide evidence that insulin increases the local pressure of oxygen of tumors (from 0-3 mm Hg to 8-11 mm Hg) as well as the tumor response to irradiation (increasing regrowth delay by a factor of 2.11). We found that the insulin-induced increase of tumor pressure of oxygen: (a) is not caused by an increase in the tumor blood flow, which is even decreased after insulin infusion; (b) is because of a decrease in the tumor cell oxygen consumption (in vivo insulin consumed oxygen three times slower than control cells); and (c) is inhibited by a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, when injected i.p. at 15 micromol/kg(-1), 1 h before insulin infusion. We demonstrate by immunoblotting that the NO pathway involves a phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase and showed a concomitant increase in the cyclic GMP tumor level. These findings provide unique insights into biological processes in tumors, new possible management for treating cancer patients, and raise major questions about the role of insulin secretion (fasting status and diabetes) in the clinical response of tumors to radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F Jordan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
AIM: To label anti-hepatoma monoclonal antibody (mAb) fragment HAb18 F(ab’)2 was labeled with 188Re for the pharmacokinetic model of 188Re-HAb18 F(ab’)2 and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic parameters in hepatoma-bearing nude mice.
METHODS: HAb18 F(ab’)2 was directly labeled with 188Re using 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) as reducing agents. Labeling efficiency and immunoreactivity of 188Re-HAb18 F(ab’)2 were evaluated by Whatman 3MM paper chromatography and live cell assay, respectively. Biodistribution analysis was also conducted in nude mice bearing human hepatoma in which animals were sacrificed at different time points (1, 4, 18, 24 and 24 h) after 188Re-HAb18 F (ab’)2 was injected through tail-vein into hepatoma-bearing nude mice. The blood and radioactivity of organs and mass were measured. The concentrations of 188Re-HAb18 F(ab’)2 were evaluated with apharmacokinetic 3P97 software.
RESULTS: The optimum labeling efficiency and immunoreactive fraction were 91.7% and 0.78% respectively. The parameters of 188Re-HAb18 F(ab’)2 were: T1/2, 2.29 h; Vd,1.49 × 10-9 L·Bq-1; AUC, 20. 49 × 109 Bq·h·L-1;CL, 0.45 × 10-3 L·h-1. 188Re-HAb18 F(ab’)2 could locate specially in hepatoma with high selective reactivity of HAb18 F(ab’)2. 188Re-HAb18 F(ab’)2 was mainly eliminated by kidney. The maximal tumor to blood ratio was at 48 h, and maximal tumor to liver ratio was at 18 h.
CONCLUTION: The pharmacokinetics of 188Re-HAb18 F (ab’)2 fital-compartment model.188Re-HAb18 F(ab’)2 can be uptaken selectively at the hepatoma site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lou
- Department of Cell Engineering Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710033, Shaanxi Province, China.
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43
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Chung SM, Advani SJ, Bradley JD, Kataoka Y, Vashistha K, Yan SY, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Whitley RJ, Roizman B, Weichselbaum RR. The use of a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus (R7020) with ionizing radiation for experimental hepatoma. Gene Ther 2002; 9:75-80. [PMID: 11850725 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2001] [Accepted: 10/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) recombinant virus R7020 is an attenuated virus designed as a candidate for immunization against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections. It was extensively tested in an experimental animal system and in a healthy human adult population without significant untoward effects. We report on the use of R7020 with ionizing radiation as an oncolytic agent for hepatomas. Two hepatoma cell lines were studied, Hep3B and Huh7. R7020 replicated to higher titers in Hep3B cells than in Huh7 cells. Tissue culture studies correlated with hepatoma xenograft responses to R7020. R7020 was more effective in mediating Hep3B tumor xenograft regression compared with Huh7. Ionizing radiation combined with R7020 also showed differential results in antitumor efficacy between the two cell lines in tumor xenografts. Ionizing radiation enhanced the replication of R7020 in Hep3B xenografts. Moreover, the combination of ionizing radiation and virus caused a greater regression of xenograft volume than either R7020 or radiation alone. Ionizing radiation had no effect on the replication of R7020 virus in Huh7 xenografts. These results indicate that a regimen involving infection with an appropriate herpesvirus such as R7020 in combination with ionizing radiation can be highly effective in eradicating certain tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Chung
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Symon Z, Levi M, Ensminger WD, Smith DE, Lawrence TS. Selective radioprotection of hepatocytes by systemic and portal vein infusions of amifostine in a rat liver tumor model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 50:473-8. [PMID: 11380236 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tolerance of the liver to radiation is too low to permit an effective dose to be delivered to patients who have diffuse intrahepatic cancer. In this study we evaluated whether systemic or portal venous administration of the aminothiol compound, amifostine, could protect the normal liver from the effects of ionizing radiation without compromising tumor cell kill in a rat liver tumor model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Rats implanted with liver tumors were infused with 200 mg/kg amifostine over 15 min via the femoral or portal vein. The livers were irradiated with a single 6-Gy fraction 15-20 min after the termination of amifostine infusion. Protection of the liver was assessed by an in vitro hepatocyte micronucleus assay and tumor protection by an in vivo-in vitro clonogenic survival assay. Tissue levels of the active metabolite, free WR-1065, were determined in the tumor and in the normal liver using a specific HPLC assay with electrochemical detection. RESULTS After a 6-Gy fraction, the frequency of hepatocyte micronuclei after administration of saline, systemic amifostine, and portal venous amifostine was 18.7+/-1%, 6.8+/-1%, and 9.9+/-2%, respectively, corresponding to a radiation equivalent effect of 6 Gy +/- 0.5, 1.8 Gy +/- 0.3, and 2.5 Gy +/- 1.3, respectively. Both amifostine conditions showed considerably less radiation effect than saline-treated controls (p < 0.01); the two amifostine conditions did not differ (p = 0.3). The surviving fraction of tumor cells was not affected by amifostine treatment and was 0.03+/-0.02 and 0.05+/-0.03 for systemic and portal venous delivery and 0.06+/-0.02 for control animals (ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference of the means p = 0.34). Portal venous delivery produced significantly less WR-1065 in the tumor compared to systemic administration (54 microM +/- 36 vs. 343 microM +/- 88, respectively, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Both systemic and portal venous administration of amifostine effectively protect hepatocytes from ionizing radiation without compromising tumor cell kill in a clinically relevant animal model. These findings suggest that amifostine may be a selective normal tissue radioprotectant in liver cancer and that regional/portal infusions may be preferable to systemic dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Symon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine-College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0010, USA.
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Jeong JM, Kim YJ, Lee YS, Ko JI, Son M, Lee DS, Chung JK, Park JH, Lee MC. Lipiodol solution of a lipophilic agent, (188)Re-TDD, for the treatment of liver cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:197-204. [PMID: 11295430 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled lipiodol has been used for targeting liver cancer. We developed a lipiodol solution of (188)Re-TDD (2,2,9,9-tetramethyl-4,7-diaza-1,10-decanedithiol) and investigated its feasibility for the treatment of liver cancer. The lipiodol solution of (188)Re-TDD was well-retained in the lipiodol phase in vitro. After injection through the tail veins of mice, high lung-uptake was investigated which is evidence of embolizing activity. We also found high accumulation in hepatoma after injection through the hepatic arteries of hepatoma-bearing rats. In conclusion, the lipiodol solution of (188)Re-TDD is a promising agent for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University, 28 Yungun-dong Chongro-ku, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
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Chi KH, Wang HE, Chen FD, Chao Y, Liu RS, Chou SL, Wang YS, Yen SH. Preclinical evaluation of locoregional delivery of radiolabeled iododeoxyuridine and thymidylate synthase inhibitor in a hepatoma model. J Nucl Med 2001; 42:345-51. [PMID: 11216535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report improved incorporation of the radiolabeled-thymidine analog [125I/131I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I/131I]IdUrd) into DNA by the addition of Thymitaq, a thymidylate synthase inhibitor, as a strategy of molecular radiotherapy for hepatoma treatment. METHODS The synergistic effect of combination [125I]IdUrd and Thymitaq in clonogenic survival and DNA incorporation was shown on the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. Radiobiodistribution of intrahepatic arterially injected [125I]IdUrd and Thymitaq was studied in a rat N1S1 hepatoma model. In vivo therapeutic effects of locoregional delivery of both drugs were evaluated in mouse subcutaneous hepatoma and ascitic hepatoma models. RESULTS In a clonogenic assay, Thymitaq showed a synergistic effect with [125I]IdUrd but not cold IdUrd. Thymitaq had a dose-dependent modulation effect on DNA-[125I]IdUrd incorporation. The biodistribution study indicated a slower clearance rate of [125I]IdUdR in the hepatoma as well as an initially higher uptake of [125I]IdUrd into DNA when the [125I]IdUrd was combined with Thymitaq. In vivo studies showed a superior therapeutic effect of combination Thymitaq and [125I]IdUrd in both subcutaneous and ascites tumor models, but the combination of [131I]IdUrd and [125I]IdUrd may be more effective than Auger electron emitters alone for the treatment of subcutaneous tumor. CONCLUSION The strategy of locoregional delivery of [125I/131I]IdUrd to a tumor site through an intrahepatic arterial, intratumoral, or intraperitoneal route in combination with Thymitaq is promising and may also have a favorable therapeutic index in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chi
- Cancer Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin WY, Tsai SC, Hsieh JF, Wang SJ. Effects of 90Y-microspheres on liver tumors: comparison of intratumoral injection method and intra-arterial injection method. J Nucl Med 2000; 41:1892-7. [PMID: 11079501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Internal radiation therapy using intrahepatic arterial injection of 90Y-labeled glass microspheres (90Y-microspheres) has proven to be a promising therapeutic modality for inoperative liver tumor. Recently, direct intratumoral injection of 90Y-microspheres has been performed with even more encouraging results. The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment efficacy of these 2 methods using 90Y-microspheres. METHODS Forty-eight male rats, each bearing a hepatic tumor, were divided into 4 groups (12 rats in each group) to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Group 1 received an intratumoral injection of 37 MBq (1 mCi) 90Y-microspheres. Group 2 received an intratumoral injection of 0.1 mL normal saline as the control group. Group 3 received an intra-arterial injection of 37 MBq (1 mCi) 90Y-microspheres. Group 4 received an intra-arterial injection of 0.1 mL normal saline as the control group. Tumor size was measured by liver sonography before injection as well as at 2 and 4 wk after injection. Survival time was calculated from the day of treatment to 2 mo after treatment by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The response rate was evaluated by the change in tumor size and survival time. Fisher's exact, 2-tailed test was used to compare response rates. RESULTS In the rats treated by intratumoral injection of 90-Y-microspheres, 83.3% (10/12) showed a good response. In contrast, all 12 rats in the control group showed a poor response. The difference was significant (P < 0.00001). Eighty-three percent (10/12) of the rats survived >60 d after intratumoral injection of 90Y-microspheres, whereas only 25% (3/12) of the control rats survived >60 d. The difference was significant (P = 0.0068). In the rats treated by intra-arterial injection of 90Y-microspheres, 58.3% (7/12) showed a good response to the treatment. All rats in the control group showed a poor response. The difference was significant (P = 0.0023). Sixty-six percent (8/12) of the rats survived >60 d after intra-arterial injection of 90Y-microspheres, whereas only 16.7% (2/12) of the control rats survived >60 d. The difference was significant (P = 0.0385). However, the response rate and survival time between the intratumoral treatment group and the intra-arterial treatment group showed no significant difference (P = 0.3707 and 0.3988, respectively). CONCLUSION Both methods (intratumoral treatment and intraarterial treatment) showed a significantly good response rate and prolonged survival time compared with those of the control groups. However, no significant difference was found in the response rate or survival time between intratumoral treatment and intra-arterial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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Jordan BF, Misson P, Demeure R, Baudelet C, Beghein N, Gallez B. Changes in tumor oxygenation/perfusion induced by the no donor, isosorbide dinitrate, in comparison with carbogen: monitoring by EPR and MRI. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 48:565-70. [PMID: 10974477 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In an effort to improve radiotherapy treatments, methods aimed at increasing the quantity of oxygen delivered to tumors were investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of one nitric oxide (NO) donor (isosorbide dinitrate) on pO(2) and blood flow in a murine tumor model. The effect was compared to carbogen, used as a reference treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty-six liver tumors implanted in mouse thighs were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 4.7 Tesla with dynamic Gd-DTPA and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast-enhanced imaging after administration of isosorbide dinitrate or carbogen. The effect on the pO(2) was also tested by EPR oximetry (1.1 GHz) on 52 mice. RESULTS A significant increase in MRI intensity was observed for both treatments in comparison with the control group. EPR oximetry showed a dose-dependant increase in tumor pO(2) for isosorbide dinitrate (by 5.9 mmHg at 0.2 mg/kg) and a substantially greater change for carbogen breathing (by 23 mmHg). CONCLUSION Both tumor blood flow and pO(2) were increased by isosorbide dinitrate and carbogen. Carbogen is more efficient than isosorbide dinitrate in increasing the BOLD image intensity, as well as the tumor pO(2), but as efficient as isosorbide dinitrate in the Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced imaging. We conclude that the effects of carbogen on improving tumor pO(2) involve both improved blood flow and improved hemoglobin oxygenation, whereas the effects of isosorbide dinitrate are predominantly mediated by improved blood flow alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Jordan
- Laboratories of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Sato N, Saga T, Sakahara H, Nakamoto Y, Zhao S, Kuroki M, Iida Y, Endo K, Konishi J. Avidin chase can reduce myelotoxicity associated with radioimmunotherapy of experimental liver micrometastases in mice. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:622-8. [PMID: 10874215 PMCID: PMC5926392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00991.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelotoxicity is the main factor which decides the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Since bone marrow is mostly irradiated from blood radioactivity, enhancing the clearance of unbound circulating radiolabeled antibody is important to reduce myelotoxicity and to increase the MTD. We applied the avidin chase method, which was devised to obtain high tumor-to-background ratios in tumor-targeting, to RIT of experimental liver micrometastases and evaluated its influence on the side effects and therapeutic outcome. Seven days after intrasplenic injection of human colon cancer LS174T cells, nude mice were intravenously injected with biotinylated (131)I-labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) (24 - 38 microg, 11.1 MBq). Mice of the chase group then received an intravenous injection of avidin twice (24 and 30 h, 72 - 115 microg each). Biodistribution, side effects (white blood cell counts and body weight change), and short- and long-term therapeutic effects were determined. Avidin chase markedly accelerated the clearance of radiolabeled MAb from the blood (P < 0.0001) and normal tissues, resulting in milder leukocytopenia and body weight loss, both of which recovered earlier than in the non-chase group (P < 0.01). The tumor uptake of radiolabeled MAb was also decreased by avidin chase, but the metastases-to-background ratios were increased. Avidin chase gave the therapeutic gain ratio of 1.89. Treated groups with and without avidin chase showed significant therapeutic effects compared to the non-treated group. There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effects between the two treated groups. Avidin chase effectively reduced the side effects of RIT and should increase the MTD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Avidin/pharmacology
- Biotinylation
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Iodine Radioisotopes/adverse effects
- Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Leukocyte Count/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/drug therapy
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental/etiology
- Radioimmunotherapy/adverse effects
- Radioimmunotherapy/methods
- Radiopharmaceuticals/adverse effects
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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50
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Junfeng Y, Ruping Z, Xinlan D, Xiaofeng M, Jianying X, Weiqing H, Duanzhi Y, Wei Z, Hong X, Yongxian W, Knapp FF. Intratumoral injection with [(188)Re]rhenium sulfide suspension for treatment of transplanted human liver carcinoma in nude mice. Nucl Med Biol 2000; 27:347-52. [PMID: 10938468 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in China. Direct intratumoral injection of nonremovable radioactive material has been widely studied because it could deliver high doses of radiation to target sites and minimize radiation leakage to non-target organs or tissues. Thirty nude mice bearing SMMC 7721 human liver carcinoma were used for the biodistribution study after intratumoral injection of [(188)Re]rhenium sulfide suspension or sodium [(188)Re]perrhenate solution. Another 30 tumor-bearing mice were divided into six groups, four groups of which were treated with a 0.1 ml [(188)Re]rhenium sulfide suspension at doses of 3.7, 7.4, 18.5, 29.6 MBq by a single intratumoral injection. For control studies, to study the tumor inhibiting ratio, the remaining two groups were injected with nonradioactive rhenium sulfide suspension and Hanks' balanced salt solution, respectively. The injections were repeated 6 days later. The retention percentages of radioactivity (%ID) in tumors injected with [(188)Re]rhenium sulfide suspension were 90.96+/-6.63%, 86.09+/-22.58% and 87.62+/-13.97% at 1, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Tumor inhibition ratios are as high as 89% when the outer space of tumor (0.5-0.6 cm from center) received about 507.6 Gy doses. Intratumoral injection of [(188)Re]rhenium sulfide suspension results in high tumor retention indicating this approach has strong potential for the treatment of hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Junfeng
- Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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