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Zeb Z, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Shahnaz. 3-Acetyl coumarin alleviate neuroinflammatory responses and oxidative stress in aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1371-1386. [PMID: 38448794 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs mental ability and interrupts cognitive function. Heavy metal exposure like aluminum chloride is associated with neurotoxicity linked to neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, accumulation of amyloid plaques, phosphorylation of tau proteins associated with AD like symptoms. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the effect 3-acetyl coumarin (3AC) in a rat model of AD. Preliminary screening was performed with SWISS ADME to check for the bioavailability of 3-AC and likeness score which proved favorable. 3-AC docked against Caspase 3, NF-κβ and tau protein kinase I exhibited good binding energies. Male rats were divided into six groups (n = 5). AlCl3 (100 mg/kg BW) was administered for 28 days before starting treatment to induce AD. Normal control rats received vehicle. Treatment groups received 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg 3-AC for 28 days. Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg) was the standard. Behavioral tests (EPM, MWM) were performed at 7-day intervals throughout study period. Rats showed improved spatial memory and learning in treatment groups during behavioral tests. Rats were euthanized on day 28. Inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-16 and TNFα) exhibited significant improvement (p < 0.001) in treated rats. Oxidative stress enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA) were restored. Caspase3 and NF-κβ quantified through qRT-PCR also decreased significantly (p < 0.001) when compared to disease control group. Levels of acetyl cholinesterase, dopamine and noradrenaline were also restored in treated rats significantly (p < 0.001). 3-AC treatment restored neuroprotection probably because of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cholinesterase potential; hence, this can be considered a promising therapeutic potential alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakiah Zeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wang P, Huang X, Liu Y, Xue L, Ning C, Jiang L, Liu J. Risk factors and the nomogram model for malnutrition in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:256. [PMID: 38546900 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the incidence of malnutrition is quite high, and malnutrition has severe effects on NPC patients. However, there is currently no recognized gold standard or specific nutritional assessment tool available to assess malnutrition in NPC patients. Our objective was to develop and verify a new nomogram model for NPC patients. METHODS Data were collected from NPC patients. To evaluate risk factors for malnutrition, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Based on the risk factors, a new nomogram model was developed. The efficacy of the model was evaluated and validated. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years, the number of chemotherapy cycles completed ≥ 1, a high total radiation dose received, low body mass index (BMI), low albumin, and low chloride were the risk factors. The assessment effect of the new model was good by evaluation and validation; it can be used as an assessment tool for malnutrition in NPC patients. CONCLUSIONS Age ≥ 65 years, completing ≥ 1 chemotherapy cycles, a high total radiation dose received, low BMI, low albumin, and low chloride levels are risk factors for malnutrition in NPC patients. The assessment effect of the new model, developed based on these risk factors, is good, and it can be used as an assessment tool for malnutrition in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Wang
- Nursing College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueling Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Nursing College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Xue
- Nursing College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Nursing College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Nursing College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Skov M, Ruijs TQ, Grønnebæk TS, Skals M, Riisager A, Winther JB, Dybdahl KLT, Findsen A, Morgen JJ, Huus N, Broch-Lips M, Nielsen OB, de Cuba CMKE, Heuberger JAAC, de Kam ML, Tannemaat M, Verschuuren JJGM, Knutsen LJS, Kelly NM, Jensen KG, Arnold WD, Burghes AH, Olesen C, Bold J, Petersen TK, Quiroz JA, Hutchison J, Chin ER, Groeneveld GJ, Pedersen TH. The ClC-1 chloride channel inhibitor NMD670 improves skeletal muscle function in rat models and patients with myasthenia gravis. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk9109. [PMID: 38507469 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease that results in compromised transmission of electrical signals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) from motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers. As a result, patients with MG have reduced skeletal muscle function and present with symptoms of severe muscle weakness and fatigue. ClC-1 is a skeletal muscle specific chloride (Cl-) ion channel that plays important roles in regulating neuromuscular transmission and muscle fiber excitability during intense exercise. Here, we show that partial inhibition of ClC-1 with an orally bioavailable small molecule (NMD670) can restore muscle function in rat models of MG and in patients with MG. In severely affected MG rats, ClC-1 inhibition enhanced neuromuscular transmission, restored muscle function, and improved mobility after both single and prolonged administrations of NMD670. On this basis, NMD670 was progressed through nonclinical safety pharmacology and toxicology studies, leading to approval for testing in clinical studies. After successfully completing phase 1 single ascending dose in healthy volunteers, NMD670 was tested in patients with MG in a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-dose, three-way crossover clinical trial. The clinical trial evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of NMD670 in 12 patients with mild MG. NMD670 had a favorable safety profile and led to clinically relevant improvements in the quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) total score. This translational study spanning from single muscle fiber recordings to patients provides proof of mechanism for ClC-1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach in MG and supports further development of NMD670.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Skov
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Titia Q Ruijs
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Marianne Skals
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders Riisager
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anders Findsen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jeanette J Morgen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nete Huus
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin Broch-Lips
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ole B Nielsen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Catherine M K E de Cuba
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars J S Knutsen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nicholas M Kelly
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Klaus G Jensen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - William D Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, 1030 Hitt St, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Arthur H Burghes
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 1060 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12(th) Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Claus Olesen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jane Bold
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas K Petersen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jorge A Quiroz
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - John Hutchison
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Eva R Chin
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Geert J Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, 2333 CL Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Pedersen
- NMD Pharma A/S, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Simon SSA, van Sandwijk MS, Olde Engberink RHG. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after plasma exchange in a patient with renal transplant rejection: A case report. J Clin Apher 2024; 39:e22092. [PMID: 37800533 DOI: 10.1002/jca.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an effective treatment for several renal disorders, including renal transplant rejection. However, repeated plasma exchanges can result in various metabolic disturbances and complications. We present a 61-year old male with a medical history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, successfully treated multiple myeloma, and a post-mortem kidney transplantation 7 months prior to presentation. The patient was hospitalized with an antibody-mediated transplant rejection for which treatment with methylprednisolone, TPE with a 40 g/L albumin solution as a replacement fluid, and intravenous immunoglobulins was initiated. After four TPE treatments, the patient developed gastrointestinal complaints and muscle weakness. Despite daily oral bicarbonate supplementation, laboratory tests revealed a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis: bicarbonate 11.7 mmol/L, chloride 111 mmol/L, and sodium 138 mmol/L. Metabolic acidosis due to citrate accumulation was ruled out with a normal total-to-ionized calcium ratio. After treatment with intravenous bicarbonate supplementation, the symptoms disappeared. Analysis of the albumin solution showed a chloride concentration of 132 mmol/L. This is the first case that describes severe metabolic acidosis after multiple sessions of TPE with an albumin solution in a patient with impaired renal function. The hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is the result of administration of large volumes of an albumin solution with high chloride concentrations. Special attention should be paid to the acid-base balance during TPE in patients with impaired renal function. Future research should investigate the incidence of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis during TPE in patients with impaired renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S A Simon
- Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Microcirculation Research Program, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S van Sandwijk
- Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dianet Dialysis Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R H G Olde Engberink
- Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Microcirculation Research Program, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lengeiya F, Mathenge S, Ojola P. Relationship between electrolytes and glycated hemoglobin among diabetic patients with poor adherence to antidiabetic medications: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 47:37. [PMID: 38586073 PMCID: PMC10998250 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.37.41815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with devastating effects on patients and results in numerous healthcare challenges in terms of its management and the cost burden among the affected. Successful management involves maintaining optimal glycemic control to prevent complications, with adherence to antidiabetic medications playing a crucial role in achieving this objective. Additionally, maintaining a healthy electrolyte balance is key for overall well-being and physiological function. However, the correlation between glycated hemoglobin and electrolyte balance remains under investigated, particularly in patients with suboptimal adherence. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between glycated hemoglobin and electrolytes among diabetic patients with poor adherence to antidiabetic medications. Methods this study was conducted at Samburu County Referral Hospital in Samburu County, Kenya. We employed a descriptive cross-sectional design focusing on adult diabetic patients aged 18 years and above who had visited the diabetic clinic over a three-month period. To evaluate their adherence levels, we employed a Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8. Seventy-two diabetic patients who got adherence level scores of < 6 were categorized as having low adherence and their blood samples were collected for measuring glycated hemoglobin levels and electrolytes levels particularly potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and chloride. Relationship between electrolytes and glycated hemoglobin among diabetic patients with poor adherence to antidiabetics was determined using Karl Pearson correlation. Results among the study participants, the lowest hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) level recorded was 5.1% while the highest was 15.0% and the majority (41.7%) fell within the HbA1c range of 5-7%. A high proportion of individuals (58.3%) with poor adherence to antidiabetics had elevated HbA1c levels, indicating poor glycemic control. The correlations observed between glycated hemoglobin and electrolytes which included magnesium, sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorus was r= -0.07, -0.32, -0.05 -0.24 and -0.04 respectively. Conclusion this study concluded that there is a relationship between electrolytes and glycated hemoglobin among diabetic patients with poor adherence to antidiabetics. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between glycated hemoglobin and calcium level (r=-0.2398 P ≤0.05) and also sodium (r=-0.31369 P≤0.05). A negative correlation (P≥0.05) was observed between phosphorus, magnesium, chloride and potassium with HbA1c levels though not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Lengeiya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Patroba Ojola
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Krakowiak A, Janasik B, Sadowski Ł, Szwabe K, Wiśniewski T, Anna Rak M, Machała W. The use of CytoSorb in acute oral mercuric chloride poisoning at a potentially lethal dose. Int J Artif Organs 2024; 47:67-72. [PMID: 38142295 DOI: 10.1177/03913988231215631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aims to present a case of acute mercuric chloride poisoning treated successfully with continuous renal replacement therapy using the CytoSorb filter. CASE DESCRIPTION A 21-year-old female patient after a suicide attempt by intentional ingestion of mercuric chloride, was admitted to the hospital with features of multiple organ damage for specific treatment. The performed laboratory tests confirmed high levels of mercury in the blood (1051 μg/L) and urine (22,960 μg/L). Due to acute renal failure, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) CVVHD Ci-Ca was initiated; the procedure was then converted to CVVHDF Ci-Ca with ultrafiltration to optimise therapy, and CytoSorb was added to the artificial kidney system on day 3. Specific antidote therapy (DMPS) was administered concurrently. The ongoing treatment resulted in a reduction in subjective complaints, a decrease in blood mercury levels to 580 μg/L, and an improvement in parenchymal organ function. CONCLUSION In the event of poisoning with inorganic mercury compounds (mercuric chloride), continuous renal replacement therapy using the CytoSorb filter as an extracorporeal blood purification method may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krakowiak
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
- Centre for Physicians Training in Public Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź, Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Janasik
- Department of Biological and Enviromental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sadowski
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szwabe
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
- Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wiśniewski
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Anna Rak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Waldemar Machała
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
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Kosiorek A, Urban S, Detyna J, Biegus J, Hurkacz M, Zymliński R. Diuretic, natriuretic, and chloride-regaining effects of oral acetazolamide as an add-on therapy for acute heart failure with volume overload: a single-center, prospective, randomized study. Pol Arch Intern Med 2023; 133:16526. [PMID: 37415505 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.16526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decongestion is a therapeutic target in acute heart failure (AHF). Acetazolamide is a diuretic that decreases proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, and may also reverse hypochloremia Objectives: We assessed the decongestive, natriuretic, and chloride‑regaining effects as well as the renal safety profile of oral acetazolamide (250 mg) used as an add‑on therapy in patients with AHF. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective, randomized study was conducted at the Institute of Heart Diseases in Wrocław, Poland. It involved patients with AHF who were randomly assigned to receive either 250 mg of oral acetazolamide or standard care, and who underwent clinical and laboratory follow‑up for 3 consecutive days since the beginning of the treatment and at discharge. RESULTS The study population comprised 61 patients (71% men), of whom 31 (51%) were included in the acetazolamide group. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 68 (13) years. In comparison with the controls, the acetazolamide group demonstrated significantly higher cumulative diuresis after 48 and 72 hours since treatment implementation, negative fluid balance, weight loss after 48 hours of treatment, weight loss throughout the hospitalization, natriuresis, and serum chloride concentration. In terms of the renal safety profile, no increase in the creatinine concentration and urinary renal biomarker levels was noted. CONCLUSIONS Oral acetazolamide seems to be a valuable add‑on therapy that helps achieve comprehensive decongestion in patients with AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kosiorek
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Szymon Urban
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Detyna
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Biegus
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hurkacz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Zymliński
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Fukatsu Y, Fujiwara H, Ono Y, Sugiyama J, Ogura M, Kimizuka K. [Using Mohs' Paste for Disease Control in a Case of Advanced Mucinous Breast Cancer with Continuous Bleeding from the Primary Tumor Surface]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2023; 50:1837-1838. [PMID: 38303224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with cancer affecting a substantial area of her breast, characterized by persistent bleeding from the primary tumor. Pathological findings revealed a hormone-sensitive mucinous carcinoma. CT indicated a primary tumor in close proximity to the greater pectoral muscle, left axillary lymph node metastasis, and oligometastases in her right lung. Although she declined surgery and chemotherapy, she agreed to receive Mohs' paste and endocrine therapy. The paste was applied locally, and local control was achieved after 2 weeks. Five years later, CR was still maintained in her left breast. Mohs' paste played a crucial role in achieving local control of the exudation and bleeding from the exposed, unresected cancer. It proved to be an outstanding component of hormone-sensitive local treatment, working synergistically with systemic drug therapy and hormonal therapy.
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Liu H, Cao Y, Xue X, Bai Z, Wu S. Clinical efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in treating pediatric metabolic acidosis with varying level of acid-base balance parameters: a real-world study. BMC Med 2023; 21:473. [PMID: 38031038 PMCID: PMC10688456 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium bicarbonate (SB) infusion is commonly used to correct metabolic acidosis, but its clinical efficacy remains controversial. This study aims to investigate whether acid-base balance parameters should be a consideration for administering SB treatment. METHODS Children with metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.35 and bicarbonate < 22 mmol/L) who were treated with or without 50 mg/ml SB injection were grouped and extracted from a retrospective cohort database of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The interaction between acid-base balance parameters and SB treatment on mortality was analyzed through mortality curves and cross-effect models. Logistic regression was conducted to estimate the risk of death following SB treatment in the overall children as well as in subgroups, and potential confounding factors were adjusted for. After employing propensity score matching to account for confounding factors, further analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of SB treatment within each chloride subgroup. RESULTS A total of 5865 children with metabolic acidosis were enrolled, of which 2462 (42.0%) received SB treatment. In the overall population, it was found that SB treatment did not reduce hospital mortality or 28-day mortality. Interactions between acid-base balance parameters (chloride and anion gap) and SB treatment on mortality were observed. Subgroup analysis clarified that when chloride levels were below 107 mmol/L, children treated with SB had higher in-hospital mortality (29.8% vs 14.9%) and 28-day mortality (26.5% vs 13.4%), with adjusted ORs of 2.065 (95% CI, 1.435-2.97) and 1.947 (95% CI, 1.332-2.846), respectively. In contrast, when chloride levels were greater than or equal to 113 mmol/L, children treated with SB had a shorter stay in the PICU (median: 1.1 days vs 5.1 days, adjusted p = 0.004) and lower in-hospital mortality (4.3% vs 10.3%) and 28-day mortality (4.0% vs 8.4%), with adjusted ORs of 0.515 (95% CI, 0.337-0.788) and 0.614 (95% CI, 0.391-0.965), respectively. After controlling for confounding factors through matching, the impact of SB treatment on the risk of death in each chloride subgroup was consistent with the aforementioned results. However, treatment with SB did not significantly increase the risk of death in newborns or children with moderate to severe metabolic acidosis when chloride levels were below 107 mmol/L (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of sodium bicarbonate for treating metabolic acidosis has been found to increase mortality in children with low chloride levels but decrease mortality in those with high chloride levels in this study. Further prospective multi-center clinical studies and basic research are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- Health Supervision Institute of Gusu District, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanmei Cao
- Department of Occupational Disease Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, No.10, Guangqian Road, Suzhou, 215131, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xue
- People's Hospital of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, 341200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenjiang Bai
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuiyan Wu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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Aljarari RM. Neuroprotective effects of a combination of Boswellia papyrifera and Syzygium aromaticum on AlCl3 induced Alzheimer's disease in male albino rat. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272466. [PMID: 37851769 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by hippocampal, and cortical neuron deterioration, oxidative stress, and severe cognitive dysfunction. Aluminum is a neurotoxin inducer for cognitive impairments associated with AD. The treatment approaches for AD are unsatisfactory. Boswellia papyrifera and Syzygium aromaticum are known for their pharmacological assets, including antioxidant activity. Therefore, the current study explored the possible mitigating effects of a combination of Boswellia papyrifera and Syzygium aromaticum against aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced AD. The AD model was established using AlCl3 (100 mg/kg), and the rats were orally administrated with Boswellia papyrifera or Syzygium aromaticum or a combination of them daily for 8 weeks. The Y-maze test was used to test cognition in the rats, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress markers were estimated in homogenates of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Also, the histopathological examination of the cortex and hippocampus were investigated. The results revealed that administration of either B. papyrifera or S. aromaticum extracts significantly improved the cognitive functions of AD rats, enhanced AChE levels, increased oxidative enzymes levels, including SOD and GSH, and reduced MDA levels in homogenates of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and confirmed by improvement in histological examination. However, using a combination therapy gave better results compared to a single treatment. In conclusion, the present study provided primary evidence for using a combination of B. papyrifera and S. aromaticum to treat cognitive dysfunction associated with AlCl3 Induced AD by improving the AChE levels and modulating oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Aljarari
- University of Jeddah, College of Science, Department of Biology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Graeber SY, Balázs A, Ziegahn N, Rubil T, Vitzthum C, Piehler L, Drescher M, Seidel K, Rohrbach A, Röhmel J, Thee S, Duerr J, Mall MA, Stahl M. Personalized CFTR Modulator Therapy for G85E and N1303K Homozygous Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12365. [PMID: 37569738 PMCID: PMC10418744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CFTR modulator therapy with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has been approved for people with CF and at least one F508del allele in Europe. In the US, the ETI label has been expanded to 177 rare CFTR mutations responsive in Fischer rat thyroid cells, including G85E, but not N1303K. However, knowledge on the effect of ETI on G85E or N1303K CFTR function remains limited. In vitro effects of ETI were measured in primary human nasal epithelial cultures (pHNECs) of a G85E homozygous patient and an N1303K homozygous patient. Effects of ETI therapy in vivo in these patients were assessed using clinical outcomes, including multiple breath washout and lung MRI, and the CFTR biomarkers sweat chloride concentration (SCC), nasal potential difference (NPD) and intestinal current measurement (ICM), before and after initiation of ETI. ETI increased CFTR-mediated chloride transport in G85E/G85E and N1303K/N1303K pHNECs. In the G85E/G85E and the N1303K/N1303K patient, we observed an improvement in lung function, SCC, and CFTR function in the respiratory and rectal epithelium after initiation of ETI. The approach of combining preclinical in vitro testing with subsequent in vivo verification can facilitate access to CFTR modulator therapy and enhance precision medicine for patients carrying rare CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Y. Graeber
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Balázs
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Ziegahn
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tihomir Rubil
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Constanze Vitzthum
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Linus Piehler
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marika Drescher
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Seidel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thee
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Duerr
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Stahl
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner Site, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Mangino JE, Firstenberg MS, Milewski RK, Rhys-Williams W, Lees JP, Dane A, Love WG, Gonzalez Moreno J. Exeporfinium chloride (XF-73) nasal gel dosed over 24 hours prior to surgery significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in cardiac surgery patients: Safety and efficacy results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:1171-1173. [PMID: 36951472 PMCID: PMC10369221 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
We studied 83 cardiac-surgery patients with nasal S. aureus carriage who received 4 intranasal administrations of XF-73 nasal gel or placebo <24 hours before surgery. One hour before surgery, patients exhibited a S. aureus nasal carriage reduction of 2.5 log10 with XF-73 compared to 0.4 log10 CFU/mL for those who received placebo (95% CI, -2.7 to -1.5; P < .0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Mangino
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Rita K.C. Milewski
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | | | | | - Aaron Dane
- Danestat Consulting Ltd, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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14
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Yuan S, He SH, Li LY, Xi S, Weng H, Zhang JH, Wang DQ, Guo MM, Zhang H, Wang SY, Ming DJ, Liu MY, Hu H, Zeng XT. A potassium-chloride co-transporter promotes tumor progression and castration resistance of prostate cancer through m 6A reader YTHDC1. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36609444 PMCID: PMC9822915 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SLC12A5, a neuron-specific potassium-chloride co-transporter, has been reported to promote tumor progression, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that SLC12A5 functions as an oncogene to promote tumor progression and castration resistance of prostate cancer through the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader YTHDC1 and the transcription factor HOXB13. We have shown that the level of SLC12A5 was increased in prostate cancer, in comparison to its normal counterparts, and further elevated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The enhanced expression of SLC12A5 mRNA was associated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) progression and poor survival in prostate cancer. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SLC12A5 promoted the castration resistance development of prostate cancer in addition to the cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, SLC12A5 was detected in the cell nucleus and formed a complex with nuclear m6A reader YTHDC1, which in turn upregulated HOXB13 to promote the prostate cancer progression. Therefore, our findings reveal a mechanism that how the potassium-chloride cotransporter SLC12A5 promotes the tumor progression and provide a therapeutic opportunity for prostate cancer to apply the neurological disorder drug SLC12A5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Hua He
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, China
| | - Lu-Yao Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Xi
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hong Weng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dan-Qi Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Meng Guo
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haozhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang-Ying Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao-Jing Ming
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng-Yang Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Anton IC, Mititelu-Tartau L, Popa EG, Poroch M, Poroch V, Pelin AM, Pavel LL, Drochioi IC, Botnariu GE. Zinc Chloride Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Improving the Functional and Structural Organic Disturbances in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:1620. [PMID: 36363577 PMCID: PMC9695737 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease affecting the whole metabolic balance of the body and resulting in multiple organ complications: cardiovascular, neuronal, renal, etc. Our study focuses on investigating the effect of zinc chloride (Zn) on certain blood parameters suggestive for assessing the metabolic disturbances, the liver and kidney function, the oxidative stress and the immune defense capacity in experimental-induced DM with streptozotocin (STZ) and cholesterol in rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were assigned to three groups, as follows: Group 1 (Control): buffer citrate solution 0.1 mL/100 g body; Group 2 (STZ): 20 mg/kg body STZ and fat diet (10 g cholesterol/100 g diet); Group 3 (STZ+Zn): 20 mg/kg body STZ + 5 mg/kg body Zn chloride and the same fat diet. DM was induced by administering STZ in a single take daily, for three consecutive days, Zn and citrate buffer were administered orally for a month. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University 'Grigore T Popa' Iasi, in agreement with the International Regulations about the handling of laboratory animals. Results: The use of STZ in rats fed with cholesterol was correlated with important weight gain, hyperglycemia, the intensification of the transaminases activity and the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine and in malondialdehyde. Conclusions: The treatment with Zn resulted in weight loss and a decrease in blood sugar in diabetic rats. Supplementation with Zn notably reduced oxidative stress, preserved the pancreatic architecture and restored the liver and kidney function and structure in STZ-induced DM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Claudia Anton
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eliza Gratiela Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Poroch
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vladimir Poroch
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Liliana Lacramioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Ilie Cristian Drochioi
- Surgical Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gina Eosefina Botnariu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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16
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Beuers U, Trampert DC. [Ursodeoxycholic acid: history and clinical implications]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2022; 166:D6970. [PMID: 36300467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The physiologic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has potent anticholestatic and weak litholytic properties and has been used for centuries as a remedy for cholestatic liver diseases. Today, UDCA at 13-15 mg/kg/day is the standard first line medication for all people with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the most frequent chronic cholestatic liver disease where UDCA clearly improves long-term survival. For many other chronic cholestatic conditions, anticholestatic effects are described, but long-term data are incomplete. While UDCA's litholytic properties can be explained by lowering biliary cholesterol hypersaturation, its beneficial effects in cholestatic diseases build on different mechanisms of action, namely: (i) stimulation of hepatobiliary secretion by post-transcriptional mechanisms including membrane targeting and insertion of key transporters and ion channels, (ii) stabilization of a biliary bicarbonate umbrella by stimulation of biliary chloride/bicarbonate secretion, and (iii) inhibition of hepatocyte and cholangiocyte apoptosis and reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by toxic endogenous bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Beuers
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam; Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute;Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam
- Contact: Ulrich Beuers
| | - David C Trampert
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam; Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute;Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam
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Abstract
Seizure clusters (also referred to as acute repetitive seizures) consist of several seizures interspersed with brief interictal periods. Seizure clusters can break down γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition of dentate granule cells, leading to hyperactivation. Functional changes to GABAA receptors, which play a vital neuroinhibitory role, can include altered GABAA receptor subunit trafficking and cellular localization, intracellular chloride accumulation, and dysregulation of proteins critical to chloride homeostasis. A reduction in neuroinhibition and potentiation of excitatory neurotransmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons represent pathological mechanisms that underlie seizure clusters. Benzodiazepines are well-established treatments for seizure clusters; however, there remain barriers to appropriate care. At the clinical level, there is variability in seizure cluster definitions, such as the number and/or type of seizures associated with a cluster as well as the interictal duration between seizures. This can lead to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment. There are gaps in understanding between clinicians, their patients, and caregivers regarding acute treatment for seizure clusters, such as the use of rescue medications and emergency services. This lack of consensus to define seizure clusters in addition to a lack of education for appropriate treatment can affect quality of life for patients and place a greater burden on patient families and caregivers. For patients with seizure clusters, the sense of unpredictability can lead to continuous traumatic stress, during which patients and families live with a heightened level of anxiety. Clinicians can affect patient quality of life and clinical outcomes through improved seizure cluster education and treatment, such as the development and implementation of a personalized seizure action plan as well as prescriptions for suitable rescue medications indicated for seizure clusters and instructions for their proper use. In all, the combination of targeted therapy along with patient education and support can improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lucretia Long
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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18
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Lu Q, Li J, Ding P, Mao T, Shi L, Sun Z, Tan X, Jiang H, Dong J, Li Y, Yang X, Shi R. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction Alleviates DSS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:9427076. [PMID: 36060126 PMCID: PMC9436576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9427076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background An imbalance of macrophage M1/M2 polarization significantly influences the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Qingchang Wenzhong decoction (QCWZD) has a proven therapeutic effect on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response in mice with colitis. However, its effect on macrophages during IBD treatment remains nebulous. Aim of the Study. Explore the mechanism underlying QCWZD effects in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model in vivo and RAW264.7 cell in vitro by observing macrophage polarization dynamics. Methods The main active components of QCWZD were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Surface marker expression on M1-type macrophages was analyzed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by M1 type macrophages was determined using ELSA and RT-PCR. The expression of key proteins in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was analyzed using western blotting. QCWZD cytotoxicity in macrophages was measured using CCK8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. Results The main active components of QCWZD were berberine chloride, coptisine chloride, epiberberine chloride, gallic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, indigo, indirubin, notoginsenoside R1, palmatine chloride, and 6-curcumin. QCWZD markedly alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice, as revealed by the rescued weight loss and disease activity index, attenuated the colonic shortening and mucosal injury associated with the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization and expression of related cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, QCWZD decreased the iNOS, JAK2, and STAT3 levels in vivo and in vitro, regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusion QCWZD administration improves intestinal inflammation by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate the effects of QCWZD on M1 macrophage polarization in colitis treatment. This study presents a novel macrophage-mediated therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Lu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Panghua Ding
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Dong
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Kataoka H. Estimation of Plasma Renin Activity on the Basis of Serum and Urinary Chloride Concentrations versus Sodium Concentrations. Cardiorenal Med 2022; 12:205-213. [PMID: 36215964 DOI: 10.1159/000527436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examined the possible estimation of plasma renin activity (PRA) by serum and urinary concentrations of chloride versus sodium in acute and chronic heart failure (HF). METHODS Data from 29 patients with acute HF (48% men; 80.3 ± 12 years) and 26 patients with recovery of HF after decongestive therapy (50% men; 81.2 ± 12 years) were analyzed. Blood and urine samples were obtained immediately before decongestive therapy in acute HF patients. Clinical tests included peripheral blood tests, serum and spot urinary electrolytes, and plasma neurohormones. Sodium- or chloride-related indices included serum ([sNa+] or [sCl-]) and urinary ([uNa+] or [uCl-]) concentrations, their differences, and their ratio. Linear regression analysis was used for correlation coefficients. RESULTS PRA levels higher than the normal range were detected in only 5 (17%) of 29 patients with acute HF, but in as many as 11 (42%) of 26 patients with chronic HF. In the 29 patients with acute HF, all the chloride- and sodium-related indices except for [sNa+] were correlated with PRA: the [sCl-]/[uCl-] ratio was best correlated with PRA (R2 = 0.84, p < 0.0001) followed by the [sNa+]/[uNa+] ratio (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.0001). In the 26 patients with chronic HF, however, both the [sCl-] (R2 = 0.36, p = 0.001) and [sNa+] (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.016) were only weakly correlated with PRA. CONCLUSION In acute HF, chloride-related indices derived from serum and urinary concentrations were firmly associated with PRA or better than sodium-related indices. In chronic HF, either chloride- or sodium-related indices were not firmly associated with PRA, presumably due to influence of cardiovascular medication.
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Pavel IZ, Csuk R, Danciu C, Avram S, Baderca F, Cioca A, Moacă EA, Mihali CV, Pinzaru I, Muntean DM, Dehelean CA. Assessment of the Antiangiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Maslinic Acid Derivative and its Potentiation using Zinc Chloride. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112828. [PMID: 31185643 PMCID: PMC6600266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene with a plethora of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and antitumor effects. New derivatives with improved properties and broad-spectrum activity can be obtained following structural changes of the compound. The present study was aimed to characterize a benzylamide derivative of maslinic acid—benzyl (2α, 3β) 2,3-diacetoxy-olean−12-en-28-amide (EM2)—with respect to the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in two in vivo experimental models. Consequently, the compound showed good tolerability and lack of irritation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay with no impairment of the normal angiogenic process during the tested stages of development. In the acute ear inflammation murine model, application of EM2 induced a mild anti-inflammatory effect that was potentiated by the association with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). A decrease in dermal thickness of mice ears was observed when EM2 and ZnCl2 were applied separately or in combination. Moreover, hyalinization of the dermis appeared only when EM2 was associated with ZnCl2, strongly suggesting the role of their combination in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Zinuca Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Rene Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Flavia Baderca
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Andreea Cioca
- Department of Pathology, CFR Clinical Hospital, 13-15, Tudor Vladimirescu, Timişoara 300173, Romania.
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Ciprian-Valentin Mihali
- "George Emil Palade" Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, "Vasile Goldiș" Western University of Arad, 86, Liviu Rebreanu St., Arad 310414, Romania.
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Danina Mirela Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq.,Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
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Okumura K, Yabe S, Shimokuni T, Nishikawa M, Miyazaki M, Suzuki T, Nakagawa T, Takahashi M. [A Case of Advanced Breast Cancer in an Elderly Patient That Was Well Controlled by Mohs' Paste, Endocrine Therapy, and Denosumab]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2019; 46:336-338. [PMID: 30914552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of advanced left breast cancer with continuous bleeding from the primary tumor surface in an 81-year-old woman. Pathological findings showed invasive carcinoma with positive expression of hormone receptors. CT and bone scintigraphy showed primary tumor invasion of the greater pectoral muscle and multiple bone metastases. She received Mohs' chemosurgery, endocrine therapy, and denosumab. The bleeding was maintained by weekly treatment. Most of the bulging surface of the tumor decreased and dried up 2 months later. The tumor disappeared almost completely, and the bone metastases achieved stable status 3 months later. Until currently, the primary tumor and metastasis have been controlled for 1.5 years. Mohs' paste was effective for controlling bleeding and exudates of unresectable cancer bulging from the skin surface and played an important role in cancer treatment with systemic therapy.
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Satoh E, Osanai T, Tomi Y, Nakamura M, Yonekura K, Murakata A, Motoyama K, Tanami H, Sugano N, Sakoma T. [A Case Report of Recurrent Bleeding and Massive Malodorous Effusion Due to Skin Invasion of Advanced Breast Cancer Successfully Treated with Mohs' Paste]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2018; 45:1997-1999. [PMID: 30692423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a case involving a 65-year-old woman with skin invasion and destruction by left large breast cancer(T4cN0M0, Stage ⅢB). She had severe anemia with recurrent bleeding on the cancer surface and needed blood transfusion, and massive malodorous effusion from the skin lesion resulted in hypoalbuminemia and recurrent bacteremia. Metronidazole gel treatment for malodorous effusion and postmenopausal hormonal therapy were administered at first. After using Mohs' paste 4 times with 1- or 2-week intervals, the bleeding and effusion stopped, and the primary cancer tumor almost disappeared. Bacteremia also improved with antibiotics, and amelioration of distress was observed. Following this, systemic chemotherapy was performed. Mohs' paste was a very useful method for symptom management of malignant skin lesions with bleeding and massive effusion.
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Kamei R, Yamamoto T, Tokuhisa A, Sakamoto K, Kitamura Y, Ando S, Saito T, Tamaichi H. [A Case of Advanced Breast Cancer with Improvement in the Quality of Life by Local Treatment Using Mohs Paste and Systemic Pharmacotherapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2018; 45:2099-2101. [PMID: 30692297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Locally advanced breast cancer with skin invasion often causes malodor, bleeding, and massive exudates, which degrades patients' quality of life(QOL). A 61-year-old woman presented with locally advanced breast cancer with malodor and massive exudates, which had carcinomatous pleurisy causing dyspnea. We administered endocrine therapy and chemotherapy and used Mohs paste for local therapy. The exposed part of the tumor was fixed using Mohs paste. After continuing to apply Vaseline over the fixed part, the lesion spontaneously detached without surgical removal and completely epithelized, and malodor and exudates disappeared. Cancerous pleurisy also improved, and dyspnea disappeared. Local treatment using Mohs paste and systemic pharmacotherapy dramatically improved her QOL.
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Tsubota Y, Yamamoto D, Ishizuka M, Yoshikawa K, Sueoka N, Kon M. [A Successful Treatment of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with Using Mohs' Paste and Chemotherapy - A Case Report]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2018; 45:725-727. [PMID: 29650848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foul smell and large amounts ofexudate, bleeding are the most common and serious symptoms with locally advanced breast cancer(LABC). Mohs' paste is made ofa mixture ofzinc chloride and used for treatment ofmalignant skin tumors. Recently some reports show that Mohs' paste is useful for treatment of malignant tumor including unresectable breast cancer and skin metastasis ofcancer. Mohs' paste is useful for reducing symptoms such as foul smell and exudate, Bleeding. We report a successful case of treatment for LABC with using Mohs' paste and chemotherapy and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tsubota
- Dept. of Surgery, Kansai Medical University
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Pedroso TF, Oliveira CS, Fonseca MM, Oliveira VA, Pereira ME. Effects of Zinc and N-Acetylcysteine in Damage Caused by Lead Exposure in Young Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:275-284. [PMID: 28389902 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the toxicity of rats exposed to lead acetate (AcPb) during the second phase of brain development (8-12 days postnatal) in hematological and cerebral parameters. Moreover, the preventive effect of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was investigated. Pups were injected subcutaneously with saline (0.9% NaCl solution), ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/day), NAC (5 mg/kg/day) or ZnCl2 plus NAC for 5 days (3rd-7th postnatal days), and with saline (0.9% NaCl solution) or AcPb (7 mg/kg/day) in the five subsequent days (8th-12th postnatal days). Animals were sacrificed 21 days after the last AcPb exposure. Pups exposed to AcPb presented inhibition of blood porphobilinogen-synthase (PBG-synthase) activity without changes in hemoglobin content. ZnCl2 pre-exposure partially prevented PBG-synthase inhibition. Regarding neurotoxicity biomarkers, animals exposed to AcPb presented a decrease in cerebrum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and an increase in Pb accumulation in blood and cerebrum. These changes were prevented by pre-treatment with ZnCl2, NAC, and ZnCl2 plus NAC. AcPb exposure caused no alteration in behavioral tasks. In short, results show that AcPb inhibited the activity of two important enzymatic biomarkers up to 21 days after the end of the exposure. Moreover, ZnCl2 and NAC prevented the alterations induced by AcPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taíse F Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor A Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic environmental and occupational pollutant with reported toxic effects on the kidneys, liver, lungs, bones, and the immunity system. Based on its physicochemical similarity to cadmium, zinc (Zn) shows protective effects against cadmium toxicity and cadmium accumulation in the body. Nano-zinc and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), recently used in foods and pharmaceutical products, can release a great amount of Zn2+ in their environment. This research was carried out to investigate the more potent properties of the metal zinc among sub-acute cadmium intoxicated rats. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were caged in 15 groups. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was used in drinking water to induce cadmium toxicity. Different sizes (15, 20, and 30 nm) and doses of nano-zinc particles (3, 10, 100 mg/kg body weight [bw]) were administered solely and simultaneously with CdCl2 (2-5 mg/kg bw) for 28 days. The experimental animals were decapitated, and the biochemical biomarkers (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) were determined in their serum after oral exposure to nano-zinc and cadmium. Statistical analysis was carried out with a one-way ANOVA and t test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The haematocrit (HCT) significantly increased and blood coagulation time significantly reduced in the nano-zinc-treated rats. AST, ALT, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, and free fatty acids increased significantly in the cadmium- and nano-zinc-treated rats compared with the controls. However, albumin, total protein, and HDLc significantly decreased in the cadmium- and nano-zinc-treated rats compared with the controls (P < 0.05). It seems that in the oral administration of nano-zinc, the smaller sizes with low doses and the larger sizes with high doses are more toxic than metallic zinc. In a few cases, an inverse dose-dependent relationship was seen as well. This research showed that in spite of larger sizes of zinc, smaller sizes of nano-zinc particles are not suitable for protection against cadmium intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Hejazy
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kazem Koohi
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Hirano T, Sakurai K, Fujisaki S, Adachi K, Suzuki S, Masuo Y, Nagashima S, Hara Y, Enomoto K, Tomita R, Gonda K. [Clinical Evaluation of Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein in the Serum of Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer during Mohs Paste Treatment]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2016; 43:1283-1285. [PMID: 27760961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Locallyadvanced breast cancer lesions often compromise the patient's qualityof life(QOL). Mohs paste is a histopathological fixative containing zinc chloride as the main ingredient. It has been applied to perform chemosurgeryon skin tumors. In recent years, this paste has reportedlybeen veryeffective for controlling various symptoms of skin metastases in inoperable advanced cancer, such as pungent odor and hemorrhage, in the field of palliative care. We evaluated the clinical significance of immunosuppressive acidic protein(IAP)and C-reactive protein(CRP)in the serum of patients with locallyadvanced breast cancer duringMohs paste treatment. The tryptophan(Trp)/kynurenine(Kyn)ratio measures IDO activity. Trp and Kyn were measured byhigh performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). We took serum samples from 3 locallyadvanced breast cancer cases, in the pre-treatment phase, 2 times after the treatment phase, and 5 times after the treatment phase. Then, we measured IAP and CRP in these samples during Mohs paste treatment. Serum IAP values did not differ significantlybetween each of the phases; however, serum CRP values were decreased byMohs paste treatment. These results suggested that Mohs paste treatment for locallyadvanced breast cancer lesions was useful for enhancing the patient QOL, without immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hirano
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Dept. of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine
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Abstract
Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a disease of unknown cause with profuse perspiration of local sites (head, face, palms, soles of feet, and axillae) that adversely affects daily life. Guidelines have been proposed in the USA [<citeref rid="ref1">1</citeref>], Canada [<citeref rid="ref2">2</citeref>], and Japan [<citeref rid="ref3">3</citeref>]. The symptoms impair quality of life, with significant negative effects on daily existence and personal relationships. The current goal in medical practice for patients with hyperhidrosis is to provide guidance and encourage coping skills for a normal daily life, as well as give appropriate advice regarding treatment options. On occasion, in order to improve quality of life, it is necessary to recommend surgical therapy when conservative treatment fails; this requires an understanding of the mechanisms of available treatments and their effects. This paper reviews theories of primary focal hyperhidrosis with regard to pathology, epidemiology, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hao XZ, Yin LK, Zhang XX, Tian JQ, Li CC, Feng XY, Jiang M, Yang YM. Combining systemic and stereotactic MEMRI to detect the correlation between gliosis and neuronal connective pathway at the chronic stage after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:156. [PMID: 27316350 PMCID: PMC4912752 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early dysfunction and subsequent recovery after stroke, characterized by the destruction and remodeling of connective pathways between cortex and subcortical regions, is associated with neuroinflammation. As major components of the inflammatory process, reactive astrocytes have double-edged effects on pathological progression. The temporal patterns of astrocyte and neuronal pathway activity can be revealed by systemic and stereotactic manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), respectively. In the present study, we aimed to detect an association between astrocyte activity and recovery of neuronal connective pathways by combining systemic with stereotactic MEMRI. METHODS Fifty adult rats, divided into two groups, underwent a 60-min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The groups were given either a systemic administration or stereotactic injection of MnCl2 at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after stroke and underwent MRI 4 and 2 days later, respectively. Immunofluorescence (IF) of group 1 was conducted to corroborate the results. Repetitive behavioral testing was also performed with all rats at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days to obtain a functional score. RESULTS Ring- or crescent-shaped enhancements formed in the striatal peri-infarct regions (STR) at 11 and 18 days. This was concurrent with the activity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes, which mainly localized at the peri-infarct region and significantly increased in number at 11 and 18 days after stroke. Microglia/macrophages, detected by IF, mainly localized in the lesion core, rather than in the region of enhancement. The ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN) revealed Mn-related signal enhancement reduction and subsequent signs of the recovery process at 3 to 5 days and 9 to 16 days, respectively. Behavioral testing showed that sensorimotor functions were initially disturbed, but subsequently recovered at 7 and 14 days. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive temporal correlation between astrogliosis and the recovery of neuronal connective pathways at the chronic stage by using the in vivo method of MEMRI. Our results highlighted the potential contribution of astrocytes to the neuronal recovery of these connective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-zhu Hao
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Le-kang Yin
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiao-xue Zhang
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jia-qi Tian
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Chan-chan Li
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Xiao-yuan Feng
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Min Jiang
- />Institutes of Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yan-mei Yang
- />Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
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Yöntem A, Kör D, Hızlı-Karabacak B, Karakaş M, Önenli-Mungan N. Blue-colored sweating: four infants with apocrine chromhidrosis. Turk J Pediatr 2015; 57:290-293. [PMID: 26701951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Apocrine chromhidrosis is a very rare, idiopathic disorder of the sweat glands characterized by the secretion of colored sweat. Because hormonal induction increases sweating, the symptoms of apocrine chromhidrosis usually begin after puberty. Although treatment may not be necessary in some cases, capsaicin cream and 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate solution have been successfully used to treat patients requiring intervention. Here we report four cases with apocrine chromhidrosis. To the best of our knowledge, our patients are the youngest cases reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yöntem
- Department of Pediatrics, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana,Turkey.
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Blalock TW, Crowson AN, Danford B. A case of generalized red sweating. Dermatol Online J 2014; 21:13030/qt73k8k695. [PMID: 25780968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 70-year-old man with a 5-year history of red pigmented sweating on the axillae, groin, forearms, trunk, and and peri-nuchal sites. No identifiable cause of the pigmented sweat was identified. Biopsy revealed lipofuscin pigment leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic chromhidrosis. This case represents an unusual presentation of chromhidrosis that was not limited to the apocrine sweat gland distribution and ultimately revealed no identifiable cause. After failing multiple treatment options, the patient elected for a trial of treatment with 20% aluminum chloride solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W Blalock
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear and is usually caused by infection. It affects people of all ages but is particularly common in young children. Around 164 million people worldwide have long-term hearing loss caused by this condition, 90% of them in low-income countries. As zinc supplements prevent pneumonia in disadvantaged children, we wanted to investigate whether zinc supplements could also prevent otitis media. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether zinc supplements prevent otitis media in adults and children of different ages. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2014, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1950 to February week 4, 2014) and EMBASE (1974 to March 2014). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised, placebo-controlled trials of zinc supplements given at least once a week for at least a month for preventing otitis media. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of the included trials and extracted and analysed data. We summarised results using risk ratios (RRs) or rate ratios for dichotomous data and mean differences (MDs) for continuous data. We combined trial results where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS No new trials were identified for inclusion in this update. We identified 12 trials for inclusion, 10 of which contributed outcomes data. There were a total of 6820 participants. In trials of healthy children living in low-income communities, two trials did not demonstrate a significant difference between the zinc-supplemented and placebo groups in the numbers of participants experiencing an episode of definite otitis media during follow-up (3191 participants); another trial showed a significantly lower incidence rate of otitis media in the zinc group (rate ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 0.79, n = 1621). A small trial of 39 infants undergoing treatment for severe malnutrition suggested a benefit of zinc for the mean number of episodes of otitis media (mean difference (MD) -1.12 episodes, 95% CI -2.21 to -0.03). Zinc supplements did not seem to cause any serious adverse events but a small minority of children were reported to have vomited shortly after ingestion of the supplements. The trial evidence included is generally of good quality, with a low risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence on whether zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence of otitis media in healthy children under the age of five years living in low- and middle-income countries is mixed. There is some evidence of benefit in children being treated for marasmus (severe malnutrition), but this is based on one small trial and should therefore be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Gulani
- Max Multispeciality CentreDepartment of PediatricsN‐110, Panchsheel ParkNew DelhiIndia110017
- Max Superspeciality HospitalDepartment of Pediatrics and NeonatologySaketNew DelhiIndia
| | - Harshpal S Sachdev
- Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and ResearchDepartment of Pediatrics and Clinical EpidemiologyB‐16 Qutab Institutional AreaNew DelhiIndia110016
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Lam KH, Lee KKH, Gambari R, Kok SHL, Kok TW, Chan ASC, Bian ZX, Wong WY, Wong RSM, Lau FY, Tong SW, Chan KW, Cheng CH, Chui CH, Tang JCO. Anti-tumour and pharmacokinetics study of 2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride as Galipea longiflora alkaloid analogue. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:877-882. [PMID: 24680618 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The quinolinium chloride salt of 8-hydroxyqinolinecarbaldehyde (2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride) was prepared as Galipea longiflora alkaloid analogue and its anticancer activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. This chloride salt was found to show certain degree of selectivity between hepatoma cells and normal hepatocytes in vitro. Athymic nude mice Hep3B xenograft model further demonstrated that this 2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride could execute strong anti-tumour activity with the identification of extensive necrotic feature from the tumour xenograft and limited adverse toxicological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Centre of Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stanton Hon-Lung Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz-Wai Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert Sun-Chi Chan
- Institute of Creativity, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Institute of Creativity, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond Siu-Ming Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fung-Yi Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - See-Wai Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kit-Wah Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chor-Hing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chung-Hin Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Johnny Cheuk-On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China.
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Jebran AF, Schleicher U, Steiner R, Wentker P, Mahfuz F, Stahl HC, Amin FM, Bogdan C, Stahl KW. Rapid healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis by high-frequency electrocauterization and hydrogel wound care with or without DAC N-055: a randomized controlled phase IIa trial in Kabul. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2694. [PMID: 24551257 PMCID: PMC3923720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania (L.) tropica infection is a chronic, frequently disfiguring skin disease with limited therapeutic options. In endemic countries healing of ulcerative lesions is often delayed by bacterial and/or fungal infections. Here, we studied a novel therapeutic concept to prevent superinfections, accelerate wound closure, and improve the cosmetic outcome of ACL. Methodology/Principal Findings From 2004 to 2008 we performed a two-armed, randomized, double-blinded, phase IIa trial in Kabul, Afghanistan, with patients suffering from L. tropica CL. The skin lesions were treated with bipolar high-frequency electrocauterization (EC) followed by daily moist-wound-treatment (MWT) with polyacrylate hydrogel with (group I) or without (group II) pharmaceutical sodium chlorite (DAC N-055). Patients below age 5, with facial lesions, pregnancy, or serious comorbidities were excluded. The primary, photodocumented outcome was the time needed for complete lesion epithelialization. Biopsies for parasitological and (immuno)histopathological analyses were taken prior to EC (1st), after wound closure (2nd) and after 6 months (3rd). The mean duration for complete wound closure was short and indifferent in group I (59 patients, 43.1 d) and II (54 patients, 42 d; p = 0.83). In patients with Leishmania-positive 2nd biopsies DAC N-055 caused a more rapid wound epithelialization (37.2 d vs. 58.3 d; p = 0.08). Superinfections occurred in both groups at the same rate (8.8%). Except for one patient, reulcerations (10.2% in group I, 18.5% in group II; p = 0.158) were confined to cases with persistent high parasite loads after healing. In vitro, DAC N-055 showed a leishmanicidal effect on pro- and amastigotes. Conclusions/Significance Compared to previous results with intralesional antimony injections, the EC plus MWT protocol led to more rapid wound closure. The tentatively lower rate of relapses and the acceleration of wound closure in a subgroup of patients with parasite persistence warrant future studies on the activity of DAC N-055. Trial Registration ClinicalTrails.gov NCT00947362 In many countries of the Middle East such as Afghanistan, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a highly prevalent, chronic and stigmatizing skin disease. Poor hygiene conditions frequently aggravate the lesions due to bacterial and fungal superinfections. Classical treatments with injections of pentavalent antimony are hampered by costs, side effects, resistance development, supply and manufactural quality problems. In the present study on Afghan patients with Leishmania tropica-induced skin lesions we evaluated the clinical effect of an initial removal of lesion tissue by electrocoagulation using a bipolar high-frequency electrosurgery instrument, followed by daily moist wound treatment with or without a preparation of pharmaceutical sodium chlorite (DAC N-055). DAC N-055 is a compound with anti-infective, immunomodulatory and tissue repair-promoting effects. Our analysis revealed that the carefully performed moist wound treatment led to a rapid healing of the wounds within an average period of 6 weeks, even in the absence of the sodium chlorite preparation. This is considerably faster than the time spans previously reported for local or systemic antimony treatment. We believe that the current standard for local care of chronic wounds should also be applied to Leishmania skin lesions. If combined with an initial single high-frequency electrocoagulation, it is a highly effective, inexpensive and well-tolerated treatment option for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fawad Jebran
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reto Steiner
- Leishmania Clinic, German Medical Service (NGO), Darwaze-e-Lahory, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Pia Wentker
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Farouq Mahfuz
- Leishmania Clinic, German Medical Service (NGO), Darwaze-e-Lahory, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hans-Christian Stahl
- Waisenmedizin e.V. Promoting Access to Care with Essential Medicine, Non-Profit Organization, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Faquir Mohammad Amin
- Leishmania Clinic, German Medical Service (NGO), Darwaze-e-Lahory, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CB); (KWS)
| | - Kurt-Wilhelm Stahl
- Waisenmedizin e.V. Promoting Access to Care with Essential Medicine, Non-Profit Organization, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (CB); (KWS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Benson
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK
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Ueno S, Miyauchi K, Nakakuma T, Kurita A, Mineta S, Mizutani T, Yamamoto K, Jin M, Inada H, Oshima H, Kobayashi I, Bizen A. [A case of locally advanced breast cancer successfully treated with Mohs paste]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2013; 40:2399-2401. [PMID: 24394125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of primary advanced breast cancer that was locally controlled by treatment with Mohs paste. A 57- year-old woman presented with right locally advanced breast cancer with massive exudate and oozing blood. Histopathological examination indicated an invasive ductal carcinoma. Moreover, the patient had lung, liver, and bone metastases. She received chemotherapy, following which the breast tumor was treated using Mohs paste and dissected. The bleeding and exudate stopped almost completely, and the breast tumor became flat. Therefore, it is suggested that locally advanced breast cancer could be controlled by treatment with Mohs paste.
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Matsche MA, Markin E, Donaldson E, Hengst A, Lazur A. Effect of chloride on nitrite-induced methaemoglobinemia in Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Mitchill). J Fish Dis 2012; 35:873-885. [PMID: 22973973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of chloride concentration on the clinical pathology in juvenile Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Mitchill), following semi-static exposures to 1 mg L(-1) nitrite for 96 h. In spring water naturally low in chloride (5 mg L(-1)), plasma nitrite concentrated to more than 40× environmental levels resulting in a severe methaemoglobinemia characterized by torpid behaviour, 30-fold increase in methaemoglobin fraction, anaemia, leucopenia and hyperkalaemia. Loss of intracellular water and potassium to extracellular space may have resulted in hyperkalaemia and haemodilution. Fish survived nitrite exposure, but 60% of torpid fish died following capture and tissue sampling. Fish acclimated to 10-fold higher chloride content (55 mg L(-1)) did not concentrate nitrite in the plasma above environmental levels or develop methaemoglobinemia, but did exhibit similar haematology and plasma chemistry changes. Plasma nitrite returned to preexposure levels by 14 days following nitrite exposures, but severity of clinical pathology changes persisted or increased, suggesting that Atlantic sturgeon have reduced capacity to recover from methaemoglobinemia. Fish that survive methaemoglobinemia may be susceptible to mortality from the cumulative effects of intoxication, handling and other stresses for two or more weeks following nitrite remediation. Chloride buffering in aquaculture systems reduces the toxic effects of nitrite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Matsche
- Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, Oxford, MD, USA.
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Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Wu MM, Simmons K, Charles CA. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of a multipurpose essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse: A 6-month randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int 2012; 43:e82-e94. [PMID: 22670258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This 6-month, examiner-blind, single-center, randomized, parallel group clinical trial compared the antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse with zinc chloride and sodium fluoride (EO) to a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse (CPC) also with fluoride. METHOD AND MATERIALS Four hundred and eight gingivitis subjects were monitored for the primary outcomes of modified Gingival Index (MGI) and Plaque Index (PI) at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Subjects were randomly assigned to 6-month twice a day unsupervised use of EO, CPC, or negative control rinse in conjunction with normal brushing and flossing. RESULTS EO was always better than CPC at 3 and 6 months considering all parameters. All benefits allowed by EO increased from 3 to 6 months. CPC was better than the negative control at 3 and 6 months with respect to whole mouth plaque, and the proportion of more severe sites (baseline scores ≥ 3) in PI and MGI. At 6 months, CPC did not differ from negative control in relation to whole mouth MGI reduction, proximal MGI reduction, and percentages of sites improved over baseline in PI and MGI. CONCLUSION This new EO mouthrinse provided superior clinical benefits to CPC and demonstrated increasing plaque and gingivitis reductions over 6 months. Our findings support the regular long-term use of the EO mouthrinse and selection over a 0.05% CPC rinse for better efficacy.
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Kumar S, Patel S, Tadakamadla J, Tibdewal H, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Effectiveness of a mouthrinse containing active ingredients in addition to chlorhexidine and triclosan compared with chlorhexidine and triclosan rinses on plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus and extrinsic staining. Int J Dent Hyg 2012; 11:35-40. [PMID: 22672130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2012.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of three different mouthrinses--chlorhexidine, triclosan + sodium fluoride and chlorhexidine + triclosan + sodium fluoride + zinc chloride--on plaque, calculus, gingivitis and stains and to evaluate the occurrence of adverse effects with these three treatments. METHODS Forty-eight healthy subjects participated in a double-blind, randomized, parallel experiment and were randomly allocated to any one of the three experimental mouthrinses: group A (0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate), group B (0.03% triclosan + 0.025% sodium fluoride (NaF) + 12% ethyl alcohol) or group C (0.2% CHX + 0.3% triclosan + 0.3% NaF + 0.09% Zn chloride (ZnCl(2)). All the subjects were assessed for gingivitis, plaque, supragingival calculus and extrinsic stains at baseline and at the end of the 21-day experimental period. RESULTS There was a significant difference (P = 0.046) in the effectiveness for the prevention of gingivitis and plaque, with subjects of group A and group C presenting least and highest gingival and plaque scores, respectively. Significant differences (P = 0.03) were observed for the accumulation of supragingival calculus where the deposition of calculus in group A was nearly double that of the group B, and group B was most effective in the prevention of supragingival calculus. Highest deposition of extrinsic stains was in the group A followed by group C and group B. There was no significant difference between the three treatments for adverse events' occurrence. CONCLUSIONS CHX mouthrinse was most effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis but caused greatest deposition of extrinsic stains. Supragingival calculus deposition was least in triclosan + NaF group followed by CHX + triclosan + NaF + ZnCl(2) and CHX. More than half of the subjects reported adverse events during the experimental phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Otitis media (OM) is inflammation of the middle ear and is usually caused by infection. It affects people of all ages but is particularly common in young children. Around 164 million people worldwide have long-term hearing loss caused by this condition, 90% of them in low-income countries. As zinc supplements prevent pneumonia in disadvantaged children, we wanted to investigate whether zinc supplements could also prevent OM. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether zinc supplements prevent OM in adults and children of different ages. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2012, Issue 1) which includes the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Groups' Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1950 to February week 1, 2012) and EMBASE (1974 to February 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised, placebo-controlled trials of zinc supplements given at least once a week for at least a month for preventing OM. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of the included trials and extracted and analysed data. We summarised results using risk ratios (RRs) or rate ratios for dichotomous data and mean differences (MDs) for continuous data. We combined trial results where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS We identified 12 trials for inclusion, 10 of which contributed outcomes data. There was a total of 6820 participants. In trials of healthy children living in low-income communities, two trials did not demonstrate a significant difference between the zinc supplemented and placebo groups in the numbers of participants experiencing an episode of definite OM during follow-up (3191 participants); another trial showed a significantly lower incidence rate of OM in the zinc group (rate ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 0.79, n = 1621). A small trial of 39 infants undergoing treatment for severe malnutrition suggested a benefit of zinc for the mean number of episodes of OM (mean difference (MD) -1.12 episodes, 95% CI -2.21 to -0.03). Zinc supplements did not seem to cause any serious adverse events but a small minority of children were reported to have vomited shortly after ingestion of the supplements. The trial evidence included is generally of good quality, with a low risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence on whether zinc supplementation can reduce the incidence of OM in healthy children under the age of five years living in low- and middle-income countries is mixed. There is some evidence of benefit in children being treated for marasmus (severe malnutrition) but this is based on one small trial and should therefore be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Gulani
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India.
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Pérez Tato B, Zamora Martínez E, Sánchez Albisua B, Pérez González YC, Polimón Olabarrieta I, Marinero Escobedo S, Fernández López P. Facial and axillary apocrine chromhidrosis. Dermatol Online J 2012; 18:13. [PMID: 22483524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Apocrine chromhidrosis is a rare, chronic, idiopathic disorder, characterized by the excretion of pigmented sweat. A 26-year-old woman presented with a 3-year history of dark blue secretions on bilateral malar cheeks. On examination, upon pressure on the cheeks, a dark blue fluid was expressed, which appeared to arise primarily from the follicle. The patient had not appreciated it, but on examination of her axillae, a very subtle blue coloring was observed. Histopathologic examination revealed apocrine glands in the deep reticular dermis. Bluish cytoplasmic granules were observed in the apocrine epithelium lining, which correspond to lipofuscin granules. The diagnosis of apocrine cromhidrosis was made. We began treatment with 20 percent aluminum chloride hexahydrate solution and capsaicin cream with poor tolerance. Finally, we treated with botulinum toxin type A with a successful response. We report a case of facial and axillary apocrine cromhidrosis with good response to botulinum toxin type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Pérez Tato
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Newby CS, Rowland JL, Lynch RJM, Bradshaw DJ, Whitworth D, Bosma ML. Benefits of a silica-based fluoride toothpaste containing o-cymen-5-ol, zinc chloride and sodium fluoride. Int Dent J 2011; 61 Suppl 3:74-80. [PMID: 21762159 PMCID: PMC9374939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2011.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride toothpastes in conjunction with tooth brushing are used to clean teeth, control plaque build-up and for anti-caries benefits. Toothpastes are designed with attractive flavours and appearances to encourage regular prolonged use to maximise these benefits. The incorporation of additional ingredients into toothpaste is a convenient way to provide supplementary protection that fits into people's everyday oral care routine. Such ingredients should not compromise the primary health benefits of toothpaste nor discourage its use. o-Cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride have been incorporated into a sodium fluoride (NaF)/silica toothpaste at 0.1%w/w and 0.6%w/w respectively to provide additional benefits. These include improved gingival health maintenance, in terms of the reduction of plaque, gingival index and bleeding, and an immediate and long lasting reduction in volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) measured on breath. These benefits can be attributed to the antimicrobial and neutralisation actions of the toothpaste. The use of established fluoride models demonstrated no compromise in NaF bioavailability. The toothpaste was formulated without compromising product aesthetics. The combination of o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride in toothpaste gave superior maintenance of gingival health and reduction in malodour related VSCs without compromising the primary health benefits of the toothpaste or diminishing attributes preferred for the product's use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Newby
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, Surrey, UK.
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Simon HB. On call. Compared to the problems your readers ask about, my issue may seem silly. But I hope you'll give me some advice, since it really is very annoying. I'm troubled by excessive sweating. Harv Mens Health Watch 2011; 15:8. [PMID: 21706782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Morais P, Peralta L. Smelly foot rash. Aust Fam Physician 2011; 40:123-124. [PMID: 21597513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A previously healthy Caucasian girl, 6 years of age, presented with pruritic rash on both heels of 6 months duration. The lesions appeared as multiple depressions 1-2 mm in diameter that progressively increased in size. There was no history of trauma or insect bite. She reported local pain when walking, worse with moisture and wearing sneakers. On examination, multiple small craterlike depressions were present, some coalescing into a larger lesion on both heels (Figure 1). There was an unpleasant 'cheesy' odour and a moist appearance. Wood lamp examination and potassium hydroxide testing for fungal hyphae were negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Morais
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Hospital S João, Porto, Portugal.
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Ciancio SG. Controlling biofilm with evidence-based dentifrices. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2011; 32:70-76. [PMID: 21462625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes research that has assessed the effectiveness of various antimicrobial-containing dentifrices in preventing and/or reducing a number of oral health problems facing our patients today. The results of these studies indicate that, when compared with a conventional fluoride dentifrice, the triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice is the one with the most evidence to support its ability to deliver significant oral health benefits with no adverse effects. The benefits maybe summarized as follows: improved levels ofsupragingival plaque control; improved gingival health; reducedlikelihood of gingivitis progressing to periodontitis; arrest progression of periodontitis; prevention of supragingival calculus; and reduction in oral malodor. With increased interest in the association of oral health with systemic health, this dentifrice is well-positioned to help reduce the likelihood of gingivitis establishing itself and possibly developing into periodontitis (Figure 1). It also has the potential to have beneficial effects on general health because of its anti-inflammatory properties. Based on the results presented in this article, it is clear that the general population can derive significant clinical benefits from the daily use of a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice. The dental profession should feel confident to recommend its use to patients to improve oral health and maintain or promote overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Ciancio
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Vecchio M, Navaneethan SD, Johnson DW, Lucisano G, Graziano G, Saglimbene V, Ruospo M, Querques M, Jannini EA, Strippoli GF. Interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010:CD007747. [PMID: 21154382 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007747.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dysfunction is very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it is still significantly understudied. Treatment options exist but concerns have been raised relating to their efficacy and safety in CKD. OBJECTIVES We assessed the benefits and harms of existing interventions for treatment of sexual dysfunction in patients with CKD. SEARCH STRATEGY In October 2010 we searched the Cochrane Renal Group's specialised register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library, issue 10), MEDLINE (from 1966) and EMBASE (from 1980). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of any pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions used to treat sexual dysfunction in male and female CKD patients (predialysis, dialysis and kidney transplant) were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected eligible studies, extracted data and assessed study quality. Disagreements were resolved in consultation with an arbitrator. Treatment effects were summarised as risk ratios (RR), mean differences (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS Fifteen studies (8 parallel, 7 crossover; 352 patients) were included. Only one study enrolled women. Studies evaluated the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i), zinc, vitamin E, vitamin D or bromocriptine compared to placebo. PDE5i significantly increased the overall International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score (2 studies, 101 patients, MD 10.65, 95% CI 5.34 to 15.96), all its individual domains and the complete 15-item IIEF tool (1 study, 41 patients, MD 2.64, 95% CI 1.32 to 3.96). End of treatment testosterone levels were not significantly increased by addition of zinc to dialysate (2 studies, 22 patients, MD 0.21 ng/mL, 95% CI -2.14 to 2.55) but oral zinc improved end of treatment testosterone levels (1 study, 20 patients, SMD 1.62, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.66). There was no difference in plasma luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone levels at the end of the study period with zinc therapy. Only sparse data were available for vitamin E, bromocriptine and dihydroxycholecalciferol in CKD patients and there were no studies of intracavernous injections, transurethral injections, mechanical devices or psychosexual therapies in people with CKD. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS PDE5i and zinc are promising interventions for treating sexual dysfunction in men with CKD. Evidence supporting their routine use in CKD patients is limited. There is an unmet need for studying interventions for both male and female sexual dysfunction in CKD, considering the significant disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Vecchio
- Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Mario Negri Sud Consortium, Via Nazionale 8/A, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy, 66030
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Elledge D. Effective hemostasis and tissue management. Dent Today 2010; 29:150-153. [PMID: 21086805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Elledge
- Department of Advanced Education in General Dentistry at UMKC, USA.
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Syed Z, Wanner M, Ibrahimi OA. Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms: A case report and literature review. Dermatol Online J 2010; 16:7. [PMID: 20673535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms (AWP) is a condition that results in pain and edema of the hands after exposure to water. We describe a 32-year-old woman who presented with a several-year history of AWP. She was unable to tolerate a 20 percent aluminum chloride solution because of irritation, but a gel formulation of 15 percent aluminum chloride controlled her symptoms without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Syed
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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