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Huang Y, Choy PY, Wang J, Tse MK, Sun RWY, Chan ASC, Kwong FY. Palladium-Catalyzed Monoarylation of Arylhydrazines with Aryl Tosylates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14664-14673. [PMID: 32924493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed C-N bond coupling reaction between arylhydrazines and aryl tosylates for facile synthesis of unsymmetrical N,N-diarylhydrazines has been developed. Employing the catalyst system of Pd(TFA)2 associated with newly developed phosphine ligand L1, the monoarylation of arylhydrazine proceeds smoothly to afford desired products in good-to-excellent yields (up to 95%) with good functional group compatibility. This method provides an alternative synthetic pathway for accessing structurally diversified N,N-diarylhydrazines from simple and easily accessible coupling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Huang
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Ying Choy
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
| | - Man-Kin Tse
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Co. Ltd, Rm 401, Blk A, 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Co. Ltd, Rm 401, Blk A, 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Albert Sun-Chi Chan
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Co. Ltd, Rm 401, Blk A, 8 Huanshi Avenue South, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Chung PY, Lam PL, Zhou YY, Gasparello J, Finotti A, Chilin A, Marzaro G, Gambari R, Bian ZX, Kwok WM, Wong WY, Wang X, Lam AKY, Chan ASC, Li X, Ma JYW, Chui CH, Lam KH, Tang JCO. Targeting DNA Binding for NF-κB as an Anticancer Approach in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100177. [PMID: 30360426 PMCID: PMC6209864 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline core has been shown to possess a promising role in the development of anticancer agents. However, the correlation between its broad spectrum of bioactivity and the underlying mechanism of actions is poorly understood. The present study, with the use of bioinformatics approaches, reported a series of designed molecules which integrated quinoline core and sulfonyl moiety, with the objective of evaluating the substituent and linker effects on anticancer activities and associated mechanistic targets. We identified potent compounds (1h, 2h, 5 and 8) exhibiting significant anticancer effects towards liver cancer cells (Hep3B) with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) relative values of cytotoxicity below 0.40, a value in the range of doxorubicin positive control with the value of 0.12. Bulky substituents and the presence of bromine atom, as well as the presence of sulfonamide linkage, are likely the favorable structural components for molecules exerting a strong anticancer effect. To the best of our knowledge, our findings obtained from chemical synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity, bioinformatics-based molecular docking analysis (similarity ensemble approach, SEA),and electrophoretic mobility shift assay provided the first evidence in correlation to the anticancer activities of the selected compound 5 with the modulation on the binding of transcription factor NF-κB to its target DNA. Accordingly, compound 5 represented a lead structure for the development of quinoline-based NF-κB inhibitors and this work added novel information on the understanding of the mechanism of action for bioactive sulfonyl-containing quinoline compounds against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yee Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pik-Ling Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Adriana Chilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Ming Kwok
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Griffith Medical School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Albert Sun-Chi Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | - Chung-Hin Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kim-Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Johnny Cheuk-On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Chan D, Zhou Y, Chui CH, Lam KH, Law S, Chan ASC, Li X, Lam AKY, Tang JCO. Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-5 ( IGFBP5) Reverses Cisplatin-Resistance in Esophageal Carcinoma. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100143. [PMID: 30241323 PMCID: PMC6210716 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the front-line chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Occurrence of resistance to CDDP has become one of the main challenges in cancer therapy. In this study, the gene expression profile of CDDP-resistant ESCC cells was investigated and molecular approaches were explored in an attempt to reverse the CDDP resistance. A CDDP-resistant SLMT-1/CDDP1R cell line was established from SLMT-1 cells by subculturing in the medium containing an increasing concentration of CDDP (0.1–1μg/mL). Mitochondrial (MTS) cytotoxicity assay, cell proliferation assay and cell morphology were used to assess the acquisition of cisplatin-resistance. The most differentially expressed gene in SLMT-1/CDDP1R cells was identified by cDNA microarray analysis compared with the parental SLMT-1 cells and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Association between expression of the most differentially expressed target gene to cisplatin-resistance was verified by RNA interference. An attempt to reversecisplatin-resistance phenotypes was made by using the vector expressing the most downregulated target gene in the CDDP-resistant cells. A CDDP-resistant ESCC cell line, SLMT-1/CDDP1R, was established with 2.8-fold increase CDDP-resistance (MTS50 = 25.8 μg/mL) compared with the parental SLMT-1 cells. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that IGFBP5 showed the highest level of downregulation in SLMT-1/CDDP1R cells compared with the parental SLMT-1 cells. Suppression of IGFBP5 mediated by IGFBP5-targeting siRNA in parental SLMT-1 cells confirmed that IGFBP5 suppression in ESCC cells would induce CDDP-resistance. More importantly, upregulation of IGFBP5 using IGFBP5 expression vector reduced cisplatin-resistance in SLMT-1/CDDP1R cells by 41%. Thus, our results demonstrated that IGFBP5 suppression is one of the mechanisms for the acquisition of cisplatin-resistance in ESCC cells. Cisplatin-resistance phenotype can be reversed by increasing the expression level of IGFBP5. The overall findings of this study thus offered a new direction for reversing the CDDP resistance in ESCC and possibly in other cancer types with further investigations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessy Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung Hin Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kim Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Albert Sun-Chi Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Griffith Medical School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Johnny Cheuk On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Lam KH, Ho SSW, Lam PL, Tang JCO, Bian ZX, Chan ASC, Li H, Wong WY, Chui CH. Novel N-heteroaromatic dyes for textile substrates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lam KH, Lee KKH, Gambari R, Kok SHL, Kok TW, Chan ASC, Bian ZX, Wong WY, Wong RSM, Lau FY, Tong SW, Chan KW, Cheng CH, Chui CH, Tang JCO. Anti-tumour and pharmacokinetics study of 2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride as Galipea longiflora alkaloid analogue. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:877-882. [PMID: 24680618 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The quinolinium chloride salt of 8-hydroxyqinolinecarbaldehyde (2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride) was prepared as Galipea longiflora alkaloid analogue and its anticancer activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. This chloride salt was found to show certain degree of selectivity between hepatoma cells and normal hepatocytes in vitro. Athymic nude mice Hep3B xenograft model further demonstrated that this 2-Formyl-8-hydroxy-quinolinium chloride could execute strong anti-tumour activity with the identification of extensive necrotic feature from the tumour xenograft and limited adverse toxicological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Centre of Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stanton Hon-Lung Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz-Wai Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert Sun-Chi Chan
- Institute of Creativity, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Institute of Creativity, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond Siu-Ming Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fung-Yi Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - See-Wai Tong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kit-Wah Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chor-Hing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chung-Hin Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Johnny Cheuk-On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China.
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Lam KH, Gambari R, Lee KKH, Chen YX, Kok SHL, Wong RSM, Lau FY, Cheng CH, Wong WY, Bian ZX, Chan ASC, Tang JCO, Chui CH. Preparation of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as potential antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:367-70. [PMID: 24269165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of quinoline compounds as possible anti-bacterial agents. The synthesized quinoline derivatives show anti-bacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus. It is interesting to observe that the synthetic 5,7-dibromo-2-methylquinolin-8-ol (4) shows a similar minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.25μg/mL as compared to that of methicillin (3.125μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Centre of Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kenneth Ka-Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Stanton Hon-Lung Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Siu-Ming Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fung-Yi Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chor-Hing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Institute of Creativity, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert Sun-Chi Chan
- Institute of Creativity, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny Cheuk-On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung-Hin Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Lam KH, Lee KKH, Gambari R, Wong RSM, Cheng GYM, Tong SW, Chan KW, Lau FY, Lai PBS, Wong WY, Chan ASC, Kok SHL, Tang JCO, Chui CH. Preparation of Galipea officinalis Hancock type tetrahydroquinoline alkaloid analogues as anti-tumour agents. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:166-171. [PMID: 23123223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of chiral tetrahydroquinolines using Ir-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation and their possible cytotoxic potential anti-cancer activity were reported. Both of the in vitro cytotoxicity assay on a series of human cancer cell lines including A549 small cell lung cancer, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, SaoS2 sacroma, SKHep-1 hepatoma and Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in vivo animal model using Hep3B hepatocellular tumour xenograft on athymic nude mice suggest that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquin-8-ol is a potential anti-tumour alkaloid which may be further developed as a novel cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Hung Lam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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Lam KH, Chui CH, Gambari R, Wong RSM, Cheng GYM, Lau FY, Lai PBS, Tong SW, Chan KW, Wong WY, Chan ASC, Tang JCO. The preparation of bi-functional organophosphine oxides as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5527-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Huang JL, Shen XQ, Liu QC, Qian YL, Chan ASC. Synthesis and Structure of Lanthanide Sandwich Complexes with Mixed Cyclooctatetraenyl and Chelating Substituted-indenyl Ligands. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20010190118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Qian YL, Qin XR, Huang JL, Chan ASC, Chen SS, Wang HG. Synthesis of 1-Methyl-3-aryl-substituted Titanocene and Zirconocene Dichlorides and Crystal Structure of Bis[η5-1-methyl-3-(α, α-dimethylbenzyl) cyclopentadienyl] titanium Dichloride. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20010190117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luo Y, Zhao H, Liu Z, Ju D, He X, Xiao C, Zhong G, Chen S, Yang D, Chan ASC, Lu A. Comparison of the enteric mucosal immunomodulatory activity of combinations of Coptis chinensis Franch. Rhizomes and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Fruits in mice with dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Planta Med 2010; 76:766-772. [PMID: 20033867 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of crude rhizomes of Coptis chinensis Franch., Ranunculaceae, and fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Rutaceae, at a ratio of 6 : 1 (formula A) and 1 : 6 (formula B) were extracted with boiling water, and their modulatory activity on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis was investigated. The results showed that both formulas could reduce the severity of inflammation in the colon. Formula A at a low dose can decrease myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and formula B was inactive. Both formulas did not affect the percentages of CD4 (+) and CD8 (+) T cells in the periphery, but they evoked an increase of CD8 (+) T cells among the enteric intraepithelial lymphocytes. Formula B at a low dose could increase both CD4 (+) and CD8 (+) cells, and formula A at a high dose could only increase CD8 (+) T cells among the Peyer's patch lymphocytes (p < 0.05). Both formulas did not affect the percentages of CD4 (+) and CD8 (+) T cells among the lamina propria lymphocytes, but decreased the serum concentration of IL-1 beta (p < 0.05 at a low dose of formula A) and enhanced the level of IL-10 in serum (p < 0.05 at a low dose formula B). We conclude that both formulas have a similar modulating effect on enteric mucosal immune responses, the major difference being that formula A could decrease the level of IL-1 beta, while formula B could increase the IL-10 dose in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Luo
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
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Li Y, Pan WS, Chen SL, Xu HX, Yang DJ, Chan ASC. Pharmacokinetic, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Puerarin and Puerarin-Phospholipid Complex in Rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:413-22. [PMID: 16638679 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600559123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is a potential therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases. But its poor oral bioavailability restricts its clinical application. In present study, as an evaluation of a formulation to improve the bioavailability of the drug, puerarin and its phospholipid complex were given to rats by intragastrically (i.g.) administration to compare pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution, and excretion. Serum samples were obtained at designated times after a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg puerarin or its complex. Tissue samples (heart, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and brain), urine, and feces were collected and analyzed by a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after i.g. administration of puerarin or its phospholipid complex. Compartmental and non-compartmental analyses were applied to the serum concentration versus time data. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the 3P97 pharmacokinetic software package. An open two-compartment, first-order model was selected for pharmacokinetic modeling. The results showed that after i.g. administration of 400 mg/kg puerarin and its phospholipid complex (equivalent to 400 mg/kg of puerarin), the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations were different. The serum concentrations reached peaks at 0.894+/-0.521 h and 0.435+/-0.261 h, respectively, indicating the complex was more readily absorbed in serum than puerarin. The maximum concentrations for puerarin and its complex were 1.367+/-0.586 mg.L(-1) and 2.202+/-1.28 mg.L(-1) and AUC were 5.779+/-1.662 mg.h. L(-1) and 8.456+/-0.44 mg.h L(-1), respectively, indicating a higher bioavailability for the complex. The widely distribution characteristics of puerarin and its complex in tissues post-i.g. administration was identical and in a descending order as follows: lung, kidney, liver, heart, spleen, and brain. However, the amount was different. Puerarin distribution was higher in heart, lung, and brain after administering the complex. The cumulative 72 h urinary excretion of puerarin after i.g. administration of puerarin and its complex accounted for 1.05%, 1.11% of the administered dose, respectively. The cumulative feces excretion of puerarin was 32.3% and 25.5%. To sum up, oral administration of puerarin phospholipid complex modified the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of puerarin and it could be an effective oral formulation for puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- School of Pharmacy of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Li Y, Yang DJ, Chen SL, Chen SB, Chan ASC. Process parameters and morphology in puerarin, phospholipids and their complex microparticles generation by supercritical antisolvent precipitation. Int J Pharm 2008; 359:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tang H, Wang XD, Wei YB, Huang SL, Huang ZS, Tan JH, An LK, Wu JY, Chan ASC, Gu LQ. Oxoisoaporphine alkaloid derivatives: Synthesis, DNA binding affinity and cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:973-80. [PMID: 17720282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel oxoisoaporphine alkaloid derivatives, 9-aminoalkanamido-1-azabenzanthrone (general formula Ar-NHCO(CH(2))(n)NR(2), Ar=1-azabenzanthrone, n=1, 2 or 3), had been synthesized. Compared with 1-azabenzanthrone, the derivatives had significantly higher DNA binding affinity with calf thymus DNA, and higher potent cytotoxicity against different tumor cell lines. The cytotoxicity and the structure-activity relationship of the prepared compounds were studied. The derivatives with two methylene groups (n=2), and piperidine or ethanolamine functional group in the side chain exhibited highest DNA binding affinity and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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15
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Li Y, Yang DJ, Chen SL, Chen SB, Chan ASC. Comparative Physicochemical Characterization of Phospholipids Complex of Puerarin Formulated by Conventional and Supercritical Methods. Pharm Res 2007; 25:563-77. [PMID: 17828444 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to compare the physicochemical characteristics of the phospholipids complex of puerarin (Pur) prepared by traditional methods (solvent evaporation, freeze-drying and micronization) and a supercritical fluid (SCF) technology. The physicochemical properties of the pure drug and the corresponding products prepared by two different SCF methods were also compared. METHODS Solid-state characterization of particles included differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), solubility, dissolution rate and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations. Besides puerarin phospholipids complex (PPC) by four different methods, the solid-state properties of unprocessed, gas antisolvent (GAS) crystallized and solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluid (SEDS) precipitated puerarin samples were also compared. Crystallinity was assessed using DSC and XRPD. Drug-phospholipids interactions were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM was used to determine any morphological changes. Pharmaceutical performance was assessed in dissolution rate and solubility tests. RESULT The results of the physical characterization attested a substantial correspondence of the solid state of the drug before and after treatment with GAS technique, whereas a pronounced change in size and morphology of the drug crystals was noticed. The GAS-processed puerarin exhibited a better crystal shape confirmed by DSC, XRPD and IR. Polymorphic change of puerarin during SEDS coupled with the dramatic reduction of the dimensions determined a remarkable enhancement of its solubility and in vitro dissolution rate. Phospholipids complex prepared using supercritical fluid technology showed similar properties of physical state, thermal stability and molecular interaction with phospholipids (PC) to those of corresponding systems prepared by other three conventional methods namely solvent evaporation, freeze-drying and micronization as proved by XRPD, DSC, and FTIR. The best dissolution rate was obtained by SEDS-prepared complex, while the highest solubility was obtained for solvent evaporation method. CONCLUSION Supercritical fluid technology for the preparation of puerarin and its phospholipids complex has been proven to have significant advantages over the solvent evaporation technique and other conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
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16
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Tang H, Ning FX, Wei YB, Huang SL, Huang ZS, Chan ASC, Gu LQ. Derivatives of oxoisoaporphine alkaloids: A novel class of selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3765-8. [PMID: 17451950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 9-aminoalkanamido-1-azabenzanthrones derviatives (3a-i Ar-NHCO(CH(2))(n)NR(1)R(2)) and their quaternary methiodide salts (4a-g Ar-NHCO(CH(2))(n)N(+)(CH(3))R(1)R(2)I(-)) were designed and synthesized as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. The synthetic compounds exhibited high AChE inhibitory activity with IC(50) values in the nanomolar range and high selectivity for AChE over BuChE (45- to 1980-fold). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ou TM, Lu YJ, Zhang C, Huang ZS, Wang XD, Tan JH, Chen Y, Ma DL, Wong KY, Tang JCO, Chan ASC, Gu LQ. Stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA and down-regulation of oncogene c-myc by quindoline derivatives. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1465-74. [PMID: 17346034 DOI: 10.1021/jm0610088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization of G-quadruplex structures in the promoter region of certain oncogenes is an emerging field in anticancer drug design. Human c-myc gene is one of these oncogenes, and G-quadruplexes have been proven to be the transcriptional controller of this gene. In the present study, the interaction of quindoline derivatives with G-quadruplexes in c-myc was investigated. The experimental results indicated that these derivatives have the ability to induce/stabilize the G-quadruplexes in c-myc, which lead to down-regulation of the c-myc in the Hep G2 cell line. It was found that derivatives with terminal amino groups in their side chains would selectively bind to the isomers with the double nucleotide loops in the absence of K+. Molecular modeling studies revealed the binding mode between the derivatives and the G-quadruplexes is end-stacking at the 3'-position, and the positively charged side chain on the quindoline derivatives may contribute to the selectivity to certain loop isomers of topological quadruplexes as well as the improved stabilization action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Miao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Yan LP, Chan SW, Chan ASC, Chen SL, Ma XJ, Xu HX. Puerarin decreases serum total cholesterol and enhances thoracic aorta endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Life Sci 2006; 79:324-30. [PMID: 16472823 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a dominant risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Natural compounds have been proved to be useful in lowering serum cholesterol to slow down the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Pueraria lobata is employed clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases in China. In the present study, the atheroscleroprotective potential of the herb's major active compound, puerarin, was investigated by monitoring serum lipid profile and major enzyme expressions on cholesterol homeostasis in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with control diet, hypercholesterolmic diet or hypercholesterolmic diet plus administration of puerarin (300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 4 weeks. Puerarin markedly attenuated the increased total cholesterol induced by hypercholesterolmic diet in both serum and liver. It caused a significant reduction in the atherogenic index. Expression of mRNA for hepatic 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) was significantly enhanced but not for those of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51). To further explore the atheroscleroprotective potential of puerarin, acetylcholine induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression on isolated thoracic aortas were analyzed. Animals administered with puerarin suppressed the hypercholesterolemic diet induced impairment of eNOS expression, whereas there was no significant difference in the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation among various groups of animals. These data indicated that puerarin reduced the atherogenic properties of dietary cholesterol in rats. Its hypocholesterolemic function may be due to the promotion of cholesterol and bile acids excretion in liver. Whether puerarin targets directly on cholesterol homeostasis or both cholesterol homeostasis and endothelial function remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xie F, Wu CF, Zhang Y, Yao XS, Cheung PY, Chan ASC, Wong MS. Increase in bone mass and bone strength by Sambucus williamsii HANCE in ovariectomized rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 28:1879-85. [PMID: 16204939 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herbal Sambucus williamsii HANCE (SWH) is a folk medicine with a long history of safe use for treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. The present study was designed to investigate if SWH extract could be used for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. SWH extracts (30 or 60 mg/100 g body weight/d) were orally administrated to four-months-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats for 3 months. SWH extracts did not alter weight gain and uterus weight in OVX rats. SWH extracts significantly increased serum Ca levels (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group) as well as decreased urinary Ca excretion (p<0.01, vs. OVX control group) in OVX rats. The upregulation of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin as well as urinary deoxypyridinoline levels by OVX was suppressed by treatment with SWH extracts in rats (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group). SWH extract increased the stiffness of femur at both dosage (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group) and increased tibial bone mineral density at 60 mg/100 g body weight/d (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group) in OVX rats. Our results indicate that orally administrated SWH extracts can decrease urinary calcium excretion and bone turnover rate in OVX rats, resulting in positive effects on biomechanical strength of bone and bone mineral density. This study is the first to report that SWH could be considered as a potential candidate for management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Then in vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanism of the anti-osteoporotic effect of SWH. Results suggested that chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of SWH can inhibit osteoclastogenesis osteoclast by modulating the expression of osteoprotegrin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA in osteoblastic UMR 106 cells. Both of them increased OPG mRNA and decreased RANKL mRNA expression, resulting in a dose-dependent increase in OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio (p<0.01, vs. vehicle-treated). Taken together, SWH treatment can effectively suppress the OVX-induced increase in bone turnover and its effects might be mediated by a decrease in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016, China
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Zhou JL, Lu YJ, Ou TM, Zhou JM, Huang ZS, Zhu XF, Du CJ, Bu XZ, Ma L, Gu LQ, Li YM, Chan ASC. Synthesis and evaluation of quindoline derivatives as G-quadruplex inducing and stabilizing ligands and potential inhibitors of telomerase. J Med Chem 2006; 48:7315-21. [PMID: 16279791 DOI: 10.1021/jm050041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of quindoline derivatives (4a-j) were designed and synthesized to develop novel and potent telomerase inhibitors. The interaction of the G-quadruplex of human telomere DNA with these newly designed molecules was examined via circular dichroism spectroscopy and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The selectivity between the quindoline derivative (4a) and G-quadruplex or duplex DNA was investigated by competition dialysis. These new compounds as inhibitors of telomerase were also investigated through the utilization of modified telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. The results revealed that the introduction of electron-donating groups such as substituted amino groups at the C-11 position of quindoline significantly improved the inhibitory effect on telomerase activity ((Tel)IC50 > 138 microM for quindoline, 0.44-12.3 microM for quindoline derivatives 4a-j). The quindoline derivatives not only stabilized the G-quadruplex structure but also induced the G-rich telomeric repeated DNA sequence to fold into quadruplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
1,4,13-Trihydroxy-eudesm-11(12)-ene, a new eudesmane derivative (3), (9E)-8,11,12-trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid methyl ester, a new fatty acid ester (2) and tianshic acid (1) were obtained from the stems of Sambucus williamsii. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. Both compounds 1 and 2 showed stimulating effects on alkaline phosphatase activity of the osteoblastic UMR106 cell about 1.5 fold at 30 mumol/l while they had no effects on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujuan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110015, China
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22
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He YH, Zhou J, Wang YS, Xiao C, Tong Y, Tang JCO, Chan ASC, Lu AP. Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Effects of Anthocyanins from Cherries on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.2165/01197065-200502020-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chow LMC, Tang JCO, Teo ITN, Chui CH, Lau FY, Leung TWT, Cheng G, Wong RSM, Wong ILK, Tsang KMS, Tan WQ, Zhao YZ, Lai KB, Lam WH, Guo DA, Chan ASC. Antiproliferative activity of the extract of Gleditsia sinensis fruit on human solid tumour cell lines. Chemotherapy 2004; 48:303-8. [PMID: 12673105 DOI: 10.1159/000069713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruit extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (GSE) is a traditional herbal medicine that is saponin-rich. However, its activity on solid tumour cell lines has never been demonstrated. METHODS The activity of GSE was demonstrated in four cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB231, hepatoblastoma HepG2 and oesophageal squamous carcinoma cell line SLMT-1) using MTT assay, anchorage-independent clonogenicity assay, DNA laddering and in situ cell death detection. RESULTS The mean MTT(50) (the mean concentration of GSE to reduce MTT activity by 50%) ranged from 16 to 20 microg/ml of GSE. An anchorage-independent clonogenicity assay showed that all of the four solid tumour cell lines gradually lost their regeneration potential after treatment with GSE, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL analysis demonstrated that the action of GSE is both dose- and time course-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GSE has a cytotoxic activity and can induce apoptosis in human solid tumour cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M C Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Central Laboratory of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.
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Liu Q, Shen X, Huang J, Qian Y, Chan ASC, Wong WT. Synthesis and crystal structure of lanthanide sandwich complexes with mixed cyclooctatetraenyl and chelating ether side chain-cyclopentadienyl ligands: crystal structures of (η5-MeOCH2CH2Cp)Nd(η8-C8H8)(THF) and (η5-C4H7OCH2C5H4)La(η8-C8H8)(THF). Polyhedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(99)00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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