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Wong CM, Chan SF, Liu R, Zhang J, Wu WC, Liang Z, Yau HM, Wang DY, Li S, Lam KH, Qiu WB, Luo HS, Dai JY. 20-MHz phased array ultrasound transducer for in vivo ultrasound imaging of small animals. Ultrasonics 2022; 126:106821. [PMID: 35988512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vivo ultrasound imaging with phased array transducers is of great importance for both clinical application and biomedical research. In this work, relaxor ferroelectric PMN-0.28PT single crystal with very high piezoelectric constant d33 ≥ 2000 pC/N and electromechanical coupling coefficient k33 ∼ 0.92 is used to fabricate high-frequency phased array transducers. A 128-element 20-MHz phased array transducer is successfully fabricated, and the optimized performance of -6 dB average bandwidth of ∼ 84 % and insertion loss of -43 dB are achieved. The axial and lateral imaging resolutions of the transducer are determined to be 81 µm and 243 µm, respectively. With Verasonics image platform, in vivo fisheye images are acquired, demonstrating the potential application of our developed high-frequency phased array transducer for biomedical research on small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, China
| | - S F Chan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - R Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - W C Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia
| | - Z Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - H M Yau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, China
| | - D Y Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia
| | - S Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Australia
| | - K H Lam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - W B Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - H S Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - J Y Dai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Foo DHP, Lam KH, Igo M, Sulaiman MNA, Ku MY, King TL, Yeo LS, Chunggat J, Ahip SS, Sahiran MF, Mustapha M, Michael J, Abdullah A, Fong AYY. Implication of current ASE/EACVI left ventricular diastolic function classification in predicting 2-year MACE in asymptomatic patients with diabetes and hypertension. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Health Malaysia
Background
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has been shown to be more prevalent in patients with diabetes, and once progress to overt heart failure, carry worse clinical outcomes. Substantial number of patients were classified as indeterminate diastolic function based on the current ASE/EACVI guidelines. The implication of current diastolic function classification in predicting MACE among diabetic patients is not well established.
Purpose
To assess prognostic impact of current guidelines-based diastolic function classification, and determine predictors of 2-year MACE based on individual LVDD parameters.
Methods
A total of 111 patients with diabetes and hypertension who attended diabetic clinic follow-up at the primary healthcare settings were enrolled. All patients had no prior cardiovascular events, had preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction on echocardiography and sinus rhythm on ECG at screening. Echocardiography was performed to obtain parameters of LV dimensions, LV volumes and LV diastolic function. The 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines were applied to classify diastolic function. All patients were followed up until 2 years to assess MACE.
Results
There were 65 (58.6%) female patients. Mean age was 59.86 ± 7.45 years; mean duration of type 2 diabetes was 10.5 ± 5.41 years. 80 (72.1%) patients were classified as having normal diastolic function (nDF); 24 (21.6%) patients were classified as indeterminate diastolic function (iDF); 7 patients (6.3%) were classified as LVDD. Patients with LVDD had significantly higher LV mass index (LVMI) (mean 121.72 ± 23.28g/m2 vs 116.62 ± 24.66g/m2 in iDF vs 102.50 ± 22.89g/m2 in nDF, p = 0.003); higher left atrial volume index (LAVI) (mean 41.24 ± 10.28ml/m2 vs 30.55 ± 10.07ml/m2 in iDF vs 25.75 ± 6.30ml/m2 in nDF, p < 0.001); lower lateral e’ velocity (mean 6.35 ± 2.05cm/s vs 7.37 ± 1.73cm/s in iDF vs 8.59 ± 2.13cm/s in nDF, p = 0.003); higher septal E/e’ ratio (mean 14.89 ± 3.29 vs 12.16 ± 3.99 in iDF vs 9.99 ± 2.35 in nDF, p = 0.001); higher average septal-lateral E/e’ ratio (mean 14.22 ± 3.77 vs 11.34 ± 3.74 in iDF vs 9.04 ± 2.10 in nDF, p < 0.001).
Among these 111 patients, 10 patients (9%) reported MACE at 2 years. The risk of 2-year MACE is elevated in both indeterminate diastolic function[hazards ratio (HR) 3.80, p = 0.023] and LVDD (HR 37.78, p = 0.002). BMI (HR 1.25, p = 0.004), and systolic blood pressure (HR 1.07, p < 0.001) were found to be associated with 2-year MACE.
Conclusions
LVDD and indeterminate diastolic function were correlated with increased MACE at 2 years. BMI and systolic blood pressure were predictors of increased risk of MACE at 2 years. Further investigation with larger sample size is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H P Foo
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - K H Lam
- Assunta Heart Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - M Igo
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | | | - M Y Ku
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - T L King
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - L S Yeo
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - J Chunggat
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - S S Ahip
- Klinik Kesihatan Kota Sentosa, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - M F Sahiran
- Klinik Kesihatan Petra Jaya, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - M Mustapha
- Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Masjid, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - J Michael
- Klinik Kesihatan Tanah Puteh, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - A Abdullah
- Klinik Kesihatan Batu Kawa, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - A Y Y Fong
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
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3
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Foo D, Lam KH, Igo M, Sulaiman MNA, Ku MY, King TL, Yeo LS, Chunggat J, Ahip SS, Sahiran MF, Mustapha M, Michael J, Abdullah A, Fong AYY. Implication of Current ASE/EACVI Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Classification in Predicting 2-Year MACE in Asymptomatic Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has been shown to be more prevalent in patients with diabetes, and once progress to overt heart failure, carry worse clinical outcomes. Substantial number of patients were classified as indeterminate DF based on the current ASE/EACVI guidelines. The implication of current DF classification in predicting MACE among diabetic patients is not well established.
Purpose
To assess prognostic impact of current guidelines-based DF classification, and determine predictors of 2-year MACE based on individual LVDD parameters.
Methods
A total of 111 patients with diabetes and hypertension who attended diabetic clinic follow-up at the primary healthcare settings were enrolled. All patients had no prior cardiovascular events, had preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction on echocardiography and sinus rhythm on ECG at screening. Echocardiography was performed to obtain parameters of LV dimensions, LV volumes and LVDD. The 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines were applied to classify DF. All patients were followed up until 2 years to assess MACE.
Results
There were 65 (58.6%) female patients. Mean age was 59.86 (7.45); mean duration of DM was 10.5 (5.41). 80 (72.1%) patients were classified as having normal DF (nDF); 24 (21.6%) patients were classified as indeterminate DF (iDF); 7 patients (6.3%) were classified as LVDD. Patients with LVDD had significantly higher LV mass index (LVMI) (mean 121.72±23.28g/m2 vs 116.62±24.66g/m2 in iDF vs 102.50±22.89g/m2 in nDF); higher left atrial volume index (LAVI) (mean 41.24±10.28ml/m2 vs 30.55±10.07ml/m2 in iDF vs 25.75±6.30ml/m2 in nDF); lower lateral e' velocity (mean 6.35±2.05cm/s vs 7.37±1.73cm/s in iDF vs 8.59±2.13cm/s in nDF); higher septal E/e' ratio (mean 14.89±3.29 vs 12.16±3.99 in iDF vs 9.99±2.35 in nDF); higher average septal-lateral E/e' ratio (mean 14.22±3.77 vs 11.34±3.74 in iDF vs 9.04±2.10 in nDF).
Among these 111 patients, 10 patients (9%) reported MACE at 2 years. The risk of 2-year MACE is elevated in both iDF [odds ratio (OR) 3.80, 95% CI 0.87–16.54, p=0.075] and LVDD [OR 7.60, 95% CI 1.11–52.02, p=0.039]. LVMI (OR 1.027, 95% CI 1.004– 1.051, p=0.023), LAVI (OR 1.092, 95% CI 1.017–1.172), and average septal-lateral E/e' ratio (OR 1.276, 95% CI 1.047–1.557, p=0.016) significantly correlated with 2-year MACE.
Conclusions
LVDD is correlated with increased MACE at 2 years. LVMI, LAVI and average septal-lateral E/e' ratio were predictors of increased risk of MACE at 2 years. Further investigation with larger sample size is warranted.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Health Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- D Foo
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - K H Lam
- Assunta Heart Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - M Igo
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | | | - M Y Ku
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - T L King
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - L S Yeo
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - J Chunggat
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - S S Ahip
- Klinik Kesihatan Kota Sentosa, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - M F Sahiran
- Klinik Kesihatan Petra Jaya, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - M Mustapha
- Klinik Kesihatan Jalan Masjid, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - J Michael
- Klinik Kesihatan Tanah Puteh, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - A Abdullah
- Klinik Kesihatan Batu Kawa, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - A Y Y Fong
- Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
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4
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Lam KH, van Oirschot P, den Teuling B, Hulst HE, de Jong BA, Uitdehaag BMJ, de Groot V, Killestein J. Reliability, construct and concurrent validity of a smartphone-based cognition test in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2021; 28:300-308. [PMID: 34037472 PMCID: PMC8795217 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211018103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Early detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) may be enabled with smartphone-adapted tests that allow frequent measurements in the everyday environment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability, construct and concurrent validity of a smartphone-adapted Symbol Digit Modalities Test (sSDMT). Methods: During a 28-day follow-up, 102 patients with MS and 24 healthy controls (HC) used the MS sherpa® app to perform the sSDMT every 3 days on their own smartphone. Patients performed the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS at baseline. Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients, ICC), construct validity (group analyses between cognitively impaired (CI), cognitively preserved (CP) and HC for differences) and concurrent validity (correlation coefficients) were assessed. Results: Patients with MS and HC completed an average of 23.2 (SD = 10.0) and 18.3 (SD = 10.2) sSDMT, respectively. sSDMT demonstrated high test–retest reliability (ICCs > 0.8) with a smallest detectable change of 7 points. sSDMT scores were different between CI patients, CP patients and HC (all ps < 0.05). sSDMT correlated modestly with the clinical SDMT (highest r = 0.690), verbal (highest r= 0.516) and visuospatial memory (highest r= 0.599). Conclusion: Self-administered smartphone-adapted SDMT scores were reliable and different between patients who were CI, CP and HC and demonstrated concurrent validity in assessing information processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- KH Lam
- KH Lam Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P van Oirschot
- Orikami Digital Health Products, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B den Teuling
- Orikami Digital Health Products, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - HE Hulst
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - BA de Jong
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - BMJ Uitdehaag
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V de Groot
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Lam KH, Meijer KA, Loonstra FC, Coerver E, Twose J, Redeman E, Moraal B, Barkhof F, de Groot V, Uitdehaag B, Killestein J. Real-world keystroke dynamics are a potentially valid biomarker for clinical disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2020; 27:1421-1431. [PMID: 33150823 PMCID: PMC8358561 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520968797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clinical measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) face limitations that may be overcome by utilising smartphone keyboard interactions acquired continuously and remotely during regular typing. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of keystroke dynamics to assess clinical aspects of MS. Methods: In total, 102 MS patients and 24 controls were included in this observational study. Keyboard interactions were obtained with the Neurokeys keyboard app. Eight timing-related keystroke features were assessed for reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); construct validity by analysing group differences (in fatigue, gadolinium-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and patients vs controls); and concurrent validity by correlating with disability measures. Results: Reliability was moderate in two (ICC = 0.601 and 0.742) and good to excellent in the remaining six features (ICC = 0.760–0.965). Patients had significantly higher keystroke latencies than controls. Latency between key presses correlated the highest with Expanded Disability Status Scale (r = 0.407) and latency between key releases with Nine-Hole Peg Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (ρ = 0.503 and r = −0.553, respectively), ps < 0.001. Conclusion: Keystroke dynamics were reliable, distinguished patients and controls, and were associated with clinical disability measures. Consequently, keystroke dynamics are a promising valid surrogate marker for clinical disability in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lam
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K A Meijer
- Neurocast B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F C Loonstra
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eme Coerver
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Twose
- Neurocast B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Redeman
- Neurocast B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Moraal
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - V de Groot
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bmj Uitdehaag
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Twose J, Licitra G, McConchie H, Lam KH, Killestein J. Early-warning signals for disease activity in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis based on keystroke dynamics. Chaos 2020; 30:113133. [PMID: 33261343 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Within data gathered through passive monitoring of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), there is a clear necessity for improved methodological approaches to match the emergence of continuous, objective, measuring technologies. As most gold standards measure infrequently and require clinician presence, fluctuations in the daily progression are not accounted for. Due to the underlying conditions of homogeneity and stationarity (the main tenets of ergodicity) not being met for the majority of the statistical methods employed in the clinical setting, alternative approaches should be investigated. A solution is to use a non-linear time series analysis approach. Here, Early-Warning Signals (EWS) in the form of critical fluctuations in Keystroke Dynamics (KD), collected using participant's smartphones, are investigated as indicators for a clinical change in three groups. These are patients with MS and changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), patients with MS but without changes in MRI, and healthy controls (HCs). Here, we report examples of EWS and changes in KD coinciding with clinically relevant changes in outcome measures in both patients with and without differences in the amount of MRI enhancing lesions. We also report no clinically relevant changes in EWS in the HC population. This study is a first promising step toward using EWS to identify periods of instability as measured by a continuous objective measure as a proxy for outcome measures in the field of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Twose
- Neurocast B.V., Amsterdam 1097DN, The Netherlands
| | - G Licitra
- Neurocast B.V., Amsterdam 1097DN, The Netherlands
| | - H McConchie
- Neurocast B.V., Amsterdam 1097DN, The Netherlands
| | - K H Lam
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - J Killestein
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
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de Haes I, Versluis J, Lam KH, Jongen JLM, Doorduijn JK, Kuipers S. Epstein-Barr virus infection or malignant lymphoma - what you see is not what you get. Neth J Med 2019; 77:370-372. [PMID: 31880273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Infectious mononucleosis may mimic lymphoma, both clinically and histopathologically. We present a patient with neurological symptoms and lymphadenopathy, initially diagnosed as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) localisation based on lymph node pathology and a 30-fold higher EBV load in the CSF compared with serum. However, the patient fully recovered spontaneously and EBV became negative in both CSF and serum, suggestive of a dramatic presentation of EBV meningoencephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I de Haes
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Centre Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Chan D, Zhou Y, Chui CH, Lam KH, Law S, Chan ASC, Li X, Lam AKY, Tang JCO. Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-5 ( IGFBP5) Reverses Cisplatin-Resistance in Esophageal Carcinoma. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100143. [PMID: 30241323 PMCID: PMC6210716 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the front-line chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Occurrence of resistance to CDDP has become one of the main challenges in cancer therapy. In this study, the gene expression profile of CDDP-resistant ESCC cells was investigated and molecular approaches were explored in an attempt to reverse the CDDP resistance. A CDDP-resistant SLMT-1/CDDP1R cell line was established from SLMT-1 cells by subculturing in the medium containing an increasing concentration of CDDP (0.1–1μg/mL). Mitochondrial (MTS) cytotoxicity assay, cell proliferation assay and cell morphology were used to assess the acquisition of cisplatin-resistance. The most differentially expressed gene in SLMT-1/CDDP1R cells was identified by cDNA microarray analysis compared with the parental SLMT-1 cells and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Association between expression of the most differentially expressed target gene to cisplatin-resistance was verified by RNA interference. An attempt to reversecisplatin-resistance phenotypes was made by using the vector expressing the most downregulated target gene in the CDDP-resistant cells. A CDDP-resistant ESCC cell line, SLMT-1/CDDP1R, was established with 2.8-fold increase CDDP-resistance (MTS50 = 25.8 μg/mL) compared with the parental SLMT-1 cells. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that IGFBP5 showed the highest level of downregulation in SLMT-1/CDDP1R cells compared with the parental SLMT-1 cells. Suppression of IGFBP5 mediated by IGFBP5-targeting siRNA in parental SLMT-1 cells confirmed that IGFBP5 suppression in ESCC cells would induce CDDP-resistance. More importantly, upregulation of IGFBP5 using IGFBP5 expression vector reduced cisplatin-resistance in SLMT-1/CDDP1R cells by 41%. Thus, our results demonstrated that IGFBP5 suppression is one of the mechanisms for the acquisition of cisplatin-resistance in ESCC cells. Cisplatin-resistance phenotype can be reversed by increasing the expression level of IGFBP5. The overall findings of this study thus offered a new direction for reversing the CDDP resistance in ESCC and possibly in other cancer types with further investigations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessy Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung Hin Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kim Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Albert Sun-Chi Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Griffith Medical School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Johnny Cheuk On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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van 't Hart W, Jansen AJG, Lam KH, Lugtenburg PJ, Vasilic D. Swelling of the breast after cosmetic augmentation. Neth J Med 2018; 76:345. [PMID: 30220663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W van 't Hart
- Departmentsof Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Riegman PHJ, Bosch AL, Riegman PHJ, Dinjens WNM, Oomen MHA, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, van Damme B, van de Vijver M, van Boven H, Morente MM, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Bosch AL, Carbone A, Gloghini A, Teodorovic I, Isabelle M, Jaminé D, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, van Veen EB, Lam KH, Oosterhuis JW. OECI TuBaFrost Tumor Biobanking. Tumori 2018; 94:160-3. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OECI TuBaFrost harbors a complete infrastructure for the exchange of frozen tumor samples between European countries. OECI TuBaFrost consists of: • A code of conduct on how to exchange human residual samples in Europe • A central database application accessible over the Internet ( www.tubafrost.org ) where data can be uploaded and searched from samples that can be selected and ordered • Access rules with incentives for collectors • Standardization needed to enable the analysis of high quality samples derived from different centers • Virtual Microscopy to support sample selection with difficult pathology The entire infrastructure was, after completion, which was entirely financed by the European Commission, implemented in the OECI. But so far it has not been used to its capacity. A recent survey held amongst the OECI members shed light on the causes. The main conclusion is that all responders see OECI TuBaFrost as a good platform for exchange of samples, however, the biggest bottleneck found was that potential users are too unfamiliar with the communication between their own biobank tracking system and the TuBaFrost central database application. Therefore, new future plans are drawn. In addition, new infrastructure plans have been developed and the first preparatory steps have been set. For biobanks the BBMRI project has started aiming for Pan-European Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter HJ Riegman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - MHA Oomen
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Spatz
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Ratcliffe
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K Knox
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Mager
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Kerr
- National Translational Cancer Research Network, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F. Pezzella
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - H van Boven
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MM Morente
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Alonso
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Kerjaschki
- Allgemeines Krankenhaus, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - J Pammer
- Allgemeines Krankenhaus, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - A Carbone
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - A Gloghini
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | | | | | - D Jaminé
- EORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - S Lejeune
- EORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - KH Lam
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Luk CHJ, Yip J, Yuen CWM, Pang SK, Lam KH, Kan CW. Biosorption Performance of Encapsulated Candida krusei for the removal of Copper(II). Sci Rep 2017; 7:2159. [PMID: 28526881 PMCID: PMC5438343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microorganisms in biosorption is one of the most promising ways to remove trace amounts of heavy metal ions. Nevertheless, the enhancement of the successful removal of heavy metal ions by using different combinations of biosorbents is not generally guaranteed which leaves room to explore the application of the technique. In this study, the performance of free and immobilized forms of a yeast strain, Candida krusei (C. krusei), and calcium alginate (CaAlg) are evaluated for their ability to remove copper(II). Infrared spectroscopy, studies on the effects of pH and temperature, and kinetics and isotherm modelling are carried out to evaluate the biosorption. The infrared spectroscopy shows that the primary biosorption sites on the biosorbents are carboxylate groups. In addition, a higher pH and higher temperatures promote biosorption while a decline in biosorption ability is observed for C. krusei at 50 °C. The kinetics study shows that C. krusei, CaAlg and immobilized C. krusei (MCaAlg) conform with good correlation to pseudo-second order kinetics. MCaAlg and CaAlg fit well to the Langmuir isotherm while C. krusei fits well to the Temkin isotherm. From the experimental data, encapsulating C. krusei showed improved biosoprtion and address clogging in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Jim Luk
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Joanne Yip
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong.
| | - Chun Wah Marcus Yuen
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Kwong Pang
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Kim Hung Lam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wai Kan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
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12
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Pun IHY, Chan D, Chan SH, Chung PY, Zhou YY, Law S, Lam AKY, Chui CH, Chan ASC, Lam KH, Tang JCO. Anti-cancer Effects of a Novel Quinoline Derivative 83b1 on Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Down-Regulation of COX-2 mRNA and PGE 2. Cancer Res Treat 2016; 49:219-229. [PMID: 27456944 PMCID: PMC5266386 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 83b1 is a novel quinoline derivative that has been shown to inhibit cancer growth in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the cytotoxic effects of 83b1 on a series of ESCC cell lines and investigate the mechanisms by which 83b1 suppresses cancer growth based on molecular docking analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of ESCC and nontumor immortalized cell lines were exposed to 83b1 and cisplatin (CDDP) in a dose-dependent manner, and the cytotoxicity was examined by a MTS assay kit. Prediction of the molecular targets of 83b1 was conducted by molecular docking analysis. Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA and COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzymelinked immuno-sorbent assay, respectively. In vivo anti-tumor effect was determined using a nude mice xenografted model transplanted with an ESCC cell line, KYSE-450. RESULTS 83b1 showed the significant anti-cancer effects on all ESCC cell lines compared to CDDP; however, 83b1 revealed much lower toxic effects on non-tumor cell lines than CDDP. The predicted molecular target of 83b1 is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), which is a widely known oncoprotein. Additionally the expression of COX-2 mRNA and COX-2-derived PGE2 were down-regulated by 83b1 in a dose-dependent manner in ESCC cell lines. Furthermore, 83b1 was shown to significantly reduce the tumor size in nude mice xenograft. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the potential anti-cancer effects of 83b1 on human esophageal cancers occur through the possible oncotarget, PPARδ, and down-regulation of the cancer related genes and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ho Yuen Pun
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dessy Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sau Hing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Yee Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Law
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alfred King Yin Lam
- Department of Pathology, Griffith Medical School and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chung Hin Chui
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kim Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johnny Cheuk On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-cancer Drug Development, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Lam P, Kok SHL, Lee KKH, Lam KH, Hau DKP, Wong WY, Bian Z, Gambari R, Chui CH. Sensitization of Candida albicans to terbinafine by berberine and berberrubine. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:449-452. [PMID: 27073630 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, particularly observed in immunocompromised patients. C. albicans accounts for 50-70% of cases of invasive candidiasis in the majority of clinical settings. Terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal drug, has been used to treat fungal infections previously. It has fungistatic activity against C. albicans. Traditional Chinese medicines can be used as complementary medicines to conventional drugs to treat a variety of ailments and diseases. Berberine is a quaternary alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb, Coptidis Rhizoma, while berberrubine is isolated from the medicinal plant Berberis vulgaris, but is also readily derived from berberine by pyrolysis. The present study demonstrates the possible complementary use of berberine and berberrubine with terbinafine against C. albicans. The experimental findings assume that the potential application of these alkaloids together with reduced dosage of the standard drug would enhance the resulting antifungal potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pikling Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Stanton Hon Lung Kok
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kim Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Desmond Kwok Po Hau
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wai Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chung Hin Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China; Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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14
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Boersema GSA, Wu Z, Kroese LF, Vennix S, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, van Neck JW, Lam KH, Kleinrensink GJ, Jeekel J, Lange JF. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves colorectal anastomotic healing. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31:1031-1038. [PMID: 27041554 PMCID: PMC4834105 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-016-2573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been found to improve the healing of poorly oxygenated tissues. This study aimed to investigate the influence of HBOT on the healing in ischemic colorectal anastomosis. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a treatment group that received HBOT for 10 consecutive days (7 days before and 3 days after surgery), or in a control group, which did not receive the therapy. Colectomy with an ischemic anastomosis was performed in all rats. In each group, the rats were followed for 3 or 7 days after surgery to determine the influence of HBOT on anastomotic healing. RESULTS Five rats from each group died during follow-up. No anastomotic dehiscence was seen in the HBOT group, compared to 37.5 % and 28.6 % dehiscence in the control group on postoperative day (POD) 3 and 7, respectively. The HBOT group had a significantly higher bursting pressure (130.9 ± 17.0 mmHg) than the control group (88.4 ± 46.7 mmHg; p = 0.03) on POD 3. On POD 3 and POD 7, the adhesion severity was significantly higher in the control groups than in the HBOT groups (p < 0.005). Kidney function (creatinine level) of the HBOT group was significantly better than of the control group on POD 7 (p = 0.001). Interestingly, a significantly higher number of CD206+ cells (marker for type 2 macrophages) was observed in the HBOT group at the anastomotic area on POD 3. CONCLUSION Hyperbaric oxygen enhanced the healing of ischemic anastomoses in rats and improved the postoperative kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S A Boersema
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Ee-173 Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Ee-173 Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - L F Kroese
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Ee-173 Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vennix
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Ee-173 Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - J W van Neck
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K H Lam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G J Kleinrensink
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Jeekel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J F Lange
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Room Ee-173 Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Chen Y, Qiu WB, Lam KH, Liu BQ, Jiang XP, Zheng HR, Luo HS, Chan HLW, Dai JY. Focused intravascular ultrasonic probe using dimpled transducer elements. Ultrasonics 2015; 56:227-231. [PMID: 25108608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency focused intravascular ultrasonic probes were fabricated in this study using dimple technique based on PMN-PT single crystal and lead-free KNN-KBT-Mn ceramic. The center frequency, bandwidth, and insertion loss of the PMN-PT transducer were 34 MHz, 75%, and 22.9 dB, respectively. For the lead-free probe, the center frequency, bandwidth, and insertion loss were found to be 40 MHz, 72%, and 28.8 dB, respectively. The ultrasonic images of wire phantom and vessels with good resolution were obtained to evaluate the transducer performance. The -6 dB axial and lateral resolutions of the PMN-PT probe were determined to be 58 μm and 131 μm, respectively. For the lead-free probe, the axial and lateral resolutions were found to be 44 μm and 125 μm, respectively. These results suggest that the mechanical dimpling technique has good potential in preparing focused transducers for intravascular ultrasound applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - W B Qiu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - K H Lam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - B Q Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - X P Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, China
| | - H R Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - H S Luo
- Information Materials and Devices Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - H L W Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Y Dai
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Chan SH, Chui CH, Chan SW, Kok SHL, Chan D, Tsoi MYT, Leung PHM, Lam AKY, Chan ASC, Lam KH, Tang JCO. Synthesis of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives as novel antitumor agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:170-4. [PMID: 24900641 DOI: 10.1021/ml300238z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This letter describes the preparation of quinoline derivatives and their cytotoxic potentials toward human carcinoma cell lines. Among the selected compounds, 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarbaldehyde (3) showed the best in vitro cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines, including MDA231, T-47D, Hs578t, SaoS2, K562, SKHep1 (with a MTS50 range of 12.5-25 μg/mL) and Hep3B (with a MTS50 range of 6.25±0.034 μg/mL). The in vivo antitumor activity of compound 3 on subcutenaous Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft in athymic nude mice was then studied. The results showed that the dose of 10 mg/kg/day of compound 3 with intraperitoneal injection for 9 days totally abolished the growth of the xenograft tumor of Hep3B with no histological damage on vital organs as compared with the control. The experimental results suggested that compound 3 has a good potential as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sau Hing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences,
State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
(Shenzhen), Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development,
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
| | - Chung Hin Chui
- Clinical Division, School of
Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Wan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences,
State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
(Shenzhen), Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development,
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
| | - Stanton Hon Lun Kok
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences,
State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
(Shenzhen), Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development,
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
| | - Dessy Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences,
State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
(Shenzhen), Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development,
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
| | - Miriam Yuen Tung Tsoi
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences,
State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
(Shenzhen), Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development,
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
| | - Polly Hang Mei Leung
- Department of Health Technology & Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred King Yin Lam
- Department of Pathology, Griffith
Medical School and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Sun Chi Chan
- The President Office, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, People's
Republic of China
| | - Kim Hung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences,
State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
(Shenzhen), Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development,
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
| | - Johnny Cheuk On Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences,
State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology
(Shenzhen), Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development,
Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR,
People's Republic of China
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17
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Chen Y, Lam KH, Zhou D, Cheng WF, Dai JY, Luo HS, Chan HLW. High frequency PMN-PT single crystal focusing transducer fabricated by a mechanical dimpling technique. Ultrasonics 2013; 53:345-349. [PMID: 22944074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High frequency (∼30MHz and ∼80MHz) focusing ultrasound transducers were fabricated using a PMN-0.28PT single crystal by a mechanical dimpling technique. The dimpled single crystal was used as an active element for the focusing transducer. Compared with a plane transducer, the focusing transducer fabricated with a dimpled active element exhibits much broader bandwidth and higher sensitivity. Besides, a high quality image can be obtained by the 30MHz focusing transducer, in which the -6dB axial and lateral resolution is 27μm and 139μm, respectively. These results prove that the dimpling technique is capable to fabricate the high frequency focusing transducers with excellent performance for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Lam KH, Chen Y, Cheung KF, Dai JY. PMN-PT single crystal focusing transducer fabricated using a mechanical dimpling technique. Ultrasonics 2012; 52:20-4. [PMID: 21705037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A ∼5MHz focusing PMN-PT single crystal ultrasound transducer has been fabricated utilizing a mechanical dimpling technique, where the dimpled crystal wafer was used as an active element of the focusing transducer. For the dimpled focusing transducer, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient was enhanced significantly from 0.42 to 0.56. The dimpled transducer also yields a -6dB bandwidth of 63.5% which is almost double the bandwidth of the plane transducer. An insertion loss of the dimpled transducer (-18.1dB) is much lower than that of the plane transducer. Finite element simulation also reveals specific focused beam from concave crystal surface. These promising results show that the dimpling technique can be used to develop high-resolution focusing single crystal transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, PR China.
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19
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Lam PL, Yuen MCW, Kan CW, Wong RSM, Cheng GYM, Lam KH, Gambari R, Kok SHL, Chui CH. Development of Calendula Oil/Chitosan Microcapsules and their Biological Safety Evaluation. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan microcapsules containing calendula oil are prepared by a simple coacervation method. The results show that the performance of the microcapsules, including encapsulation efficiency and particle size, is affected by the change of various processing parameters of microcapsule manufacture. Under the optimal parameter combinations: the chitosan concentration is 1.5 % w/v; the core/wall ratio is 0.1 g mL–1; the stirring speed is 1200 rpm; and the pH value is 10. The compositions and surface morphology of the microcapsules are examined using scanning electron microscope and FTIR spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrates that the microcapsules exhibit no significant cytotoxic effects on human keratinocytes. The in vivo toxicology analysis on mice proves that the microcapsules do not exert any significant necrosis to the liver. It is suggested that our microcapsules could be used as a safe drug carrier both topically and orally.
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20
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Lee STF, Lam KH, Zhang XM, Chan HLW. High-frequency ultrasonic transducer based on lead-free BSZT piezoceramics. Ultrasonics 2011; 51:811-814. [PMID: 21477833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication and evaluation of a high-frequency (40MHz) transducer based on lead-free piezoceramics for ultrasonic imaging. The transducer with an aperture size of 0.9mm has been fabricated using barium strontium zirconate titanate ((Ba(0.95)Sr(0.05))(Zr(0.05)Ti(0.95))O(3), abbreviated as BSZT) ceramics. The lead-free BSZT has a piezoelectric d(33) coefficient of 300 pC/N and an electromechanical coupling factor k(t) of 0.45. High-frequency ultrasound transducers were fabricated and a bandwidth of 76.4% has been achieved with an insertion loss of -26dB. Applications in high resolution biological and medical imaging could be possible with this lead-free material.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T F Lee
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Zhang XC, Wu FF, Li S, Zhou JN, Wu J, Li N, Fang W, Lam KH, Chan ASC. Copper-Dipyridylphosphine-Polymethylhydrosiloxane: A Practical and Effective System for the Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lai TM, To WM, Lo WC, Choy YS, Lam KH. The causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in a Gaming and Tourism Center: The case of Macao SAR, the People's Republic of China. Energy (Oxf) 2011; 36:1134-1142. [PMID: 32288043 PMCID: PMC7125689 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of Asian cities decided to establish gaming and resort facilities in order to capitalize on the growing number of gamblers and their family members in Asia. In doing so, they expect to sustain economic growth but, on the other hand, will consume a considerable amount of energy. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption in this type of service-oriented territories has never been investigated. Using the historical data obtained from the Government of Macao SAR, we found that electricity consumption and economic growth in terms of gross domestic product are co-integrated for the period of 1999 Quarter 1-2008 Quarter 4. Moreover, vector error correction (VEC) models indicated a lack of short-run relationships but showed that there was a long-run equilibrium relationship between electricity consumption and gross domestic product. The accuracy of VEC models was assessed by using the mean squared error and the mean absolute error. The error analysis shows that VEC models reproduced time series of gross domestic product and electricity consumption in difference form accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Lai
- School of Business, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Rue de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, Macao SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - W M To
- School of Business, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Rue de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, Macao SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - W C Lo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Y S Choy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - K H Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Lee STF, Lam KH, Lei L, Zhang XM, Chan HLW. An integrated microfluidic chip with 40 MHz lead-free transducer for fluid analysis. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:024903. [PMID: 21361626 DOI: 10.1063/1.3553575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and evaluation of a high-frequency transducer made from lead-free piezoceramic for the application of microfluidic analysis is described. Barium strontium zirconate titanate [(Ba(0.95)Sr(0.05))(Zr(0.05)Ti(0.95))O(3), abbreviated as BSZT] ceramic has been chosen to be the active element of the transducer. The center frequency and bandwidth of this high-frequency ultrasound transducer have been measured to be 43 MHz and 56.1%, respectively. The transducer was integrated into a microfluidic channel and used to measure the sound velocity and attenuation of the liquid flowing in the channel. Results suggest that lead-free high-frequency transducers could be used for in situ analysis of property of the fluid flowing through the microfluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T F Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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van de Langerijt B, Doorduijn JK, Lam KH, van den Bent MJ. EBV related cerebral lymphoma in a leukemia patient treated with alemtuzumab. J Neurol 2010; 258:944-5. [PMID: 21136270 PMCID: PMC3090574 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
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Lam KH, Sun CL, Kwok KW, Chan HLW. Piezoelectric dispenser based on a piezoelectric-metal-cavity actuator. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:075110. [PMID: 19655984 DOI: 10.1063/1.3187220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A piezoelectric dispenser has been fabricated based on the idea of a piezoelectric-metal-cavity (PMC) actuator. The PMC actuator consists of a metal ring sandwiched between two identical piezoelectric unimorphs. The radial contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic is converted into a flextensional motion of the unimorph, causing a large flexural displacement in the center part of the actuator. With the PMC actuator as a fluid chamber, the large flexural actuation can be used to produce the displacement needed to eject fluid. By applying an appropriate voltage to the piezoelectric unimorphs, a drop-on-demand ejection of ink or water can be achieved. The efficiency of fluid ejection can be enhanced after installing a valve in the fluid chamber. With the simple PMC structure, the dispenser can be operated with a low driving voltage of 12-15 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lam
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Chan KW, Ngai HY, Ip KK, Lam KH, Lai WW. Co-morbidities of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:168-172. [PMID: 19494370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the co-morbidities of general practice patients with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Two private general practice clinics in Hong Kong. PATIENTS All patients presenting at the two clinics were screened for osteoarthritis of the knee based on American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria. Patients with osteoarthritis then completed a semi-instructed questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 455 patients were recruited into the study. Over half (56%) had knee pain plus more than three other diagnostic criteria. Almost all (95%) of the patients with osteoarthritis had no signs of inflammation at the time of screening. Their mean age was 54 years. Overall, 78% of them had at least one musculoskeletal co-morbidity and 82% had at least one non-musculoskeletal co-morbidity. On average they had 3.2 co-morbidities, of which 1.7 were musculoskeletal and 1.5 were non-musculoskeletal. Problems related to the back, upper limbs, neck, and lower limbs were the four most common musculoskeletal co-morbidities, of which neck problems were significantly more common among younger patients (55 years or below) [odds ratio for older to younger patients was 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.4-0.9]. The four commonest non-musculoskeletal co-morbidities were cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, respiratory, and endocrine, of which cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio=8.76; 95% confidence interval, 5.6-13.7), endocrine problems (4.56; 2.8-7.4), and central nervous system diseases (12.74; 1.6-102.8) were significantly likely among older patients (more than 55 years). CONCLUSION General practitioners should be alert to the presence of co-morbidities when managing patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
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Lam KH, Gambari R, Yuen MCW, Kan CW, Chan P, Xu L, Tang W, Chui CH, Cheng GYM, Wong RSM, Lau FY, Tong CSW, Chan AKW, Lai PBS, Kok SHL, Cheng CH, Chan ASC, Tang JCO. The preparation of 2,6-disubstituted pyridinyl phosphine oxides as novel anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2266-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kok SHL, Wong RSM, Gambari R, Cheung F, Lam WS, Lau FY, Cheng GYM, Cheng CH, Lam KH, Chan SH, Tang JCO, Chui CH, Ho KP. In vitro cytotoxicity of (-)-EGCG octaacetate on MDAMB-231 and SKHep-1 human carcinoma cells: a pharmacological consideration on prodrug design. Int J Mol Med 2008; 22:841-845. [PMID: 19020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Esterification of acetate with generic pharmaceutical compound has been commonly employed to produce ester prodrug for improving its potency when compared with the mother compound. Acetate, on the other hand, has been recognized to have inhibitory effect on the respiratory biochemistry. Here we demonstrate that acetate at a concentration of 400 microM exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity on two human cancer cell lines, the MDAMB-231 breast cancer and the SKHep-1 hepatoma cell lines. To establish the ester prodrug with multi-acetate ester conjugates as our experimental model, one molecule of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate was required to conjugate with eight molecules of acetate forming the corresponding (-)-epigallocatechin gallate octaacetate prodrug. Chemical structure of this epigallocatechin gallate octaacetate ester prodrug was confirmed by both 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and mass spectrometry. Further cytotoxic assay using both MDAMB-231 and SKHep-1 human carcinoma cell lines showed that acetate at a concentration of 400 microM exhibits an additional cytotoxic effect with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate at a concentration of 50 microM, although the additional effect was not as high as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate octaacetate ester prodrug alone at a concentration of 50 microM. Our results thus raise a pharmacological consideration of using multi-acetate conjugate as the ester prodrug where the release of free acetate by esterase could be part of the explanation for the improved in vitro cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanton Hon Lung Kok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China
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van Bilsen K, Driessen GJ, de Paus RA, van de Vosse E, van Lom K, van Zelm MC, Lam KH, Hartwig NG, Baarsma GS, van de Burg M, van Hagen PM. Low level IGF-1 and common variable immune deficiency: an unusual combination. Neth J Med 2008; 66:368-372. [PMID: 18931397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A relation between growth hormone (GH) deficiency and immunoglobulin deficiency has been suggested previously in a few cases. We describe a patient with an insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) deficiency and common variable immune deficiency and briefly review earlier publications on the possible interaction between IGF-1 and the immune system. IGF-1 is the downstream mediator of GH. In this patient, GH and IGF-1 levels were both low. The GH response to a GH-releasing hormone test was normal whereas no subsequent IGF-1 response was seen. In our cohort of 14 patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia, two turned out to have slightly decreased IGF-1 serum levels and one patient with a thymoma had an increased IGF-1 level. Even though IGF-1 may be connected to B lymphocyte differentiation, in this patient we hypothesise there is a common impairment in the IGF-1 and IgG pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van Bilsen
- Erasmus Medical School, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Guo M, Lam KH, Wang S, Kwok KW, Chan HLW, Zhao XZ. A study on the disk-shaped piezoelectric transformer with multiple outputs. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:125103. [PMID: 18163745 DOI: 10.1063/1.2818809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a modified disk-shaped multiple-output piezoelectric transformer operated at the fundamental radial vibration mode has been presented. A derived equivalent circuit for the multioutput piezoelectric transformer was used to analyze the performance. Two piezoelectric transformers, a symmetrically electroded piezoelectric transformer with dual outputs and an asymmetrically electroded piezoelectric transformer with triple outputs, were fabricated with lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics. The characteristics of the two piezoelectric transformers were investigated experimentally. The piezoelectric transformer with multiple outputs has potential to be used in power supply units and other electronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Guo
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Chan SH, Lam KH, Li YM, Xu L, Tang W, Lam FL, Lo WH, Yu WY, Fan Q, Chan AS. Asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines with recyclable and air-stable iridium catalyst systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Acoustic emission (AE) sensors have been fabricated using both soft- and hard-type lead-free (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-based ceramics. The acoustic and electromechanical properties of the ceramics have been determined using the resonance technique. The lead-free AE sensors were calibrated using a laser source and compared to a commercial sensor. A lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 5H ceramics AE sensor has also been fabricated and calibrated for comparison. It was found that the sensitivity of lead-free AE sensors is comparable to that of the lead-based PZT sensor. To evaluate the sensors for potential application, they have been used in the detection of AE in an impact test. The lead-free sensors can reproduce AE signals accurately without giving artifacts and have potential use in commercial AE systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, China.
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Wu RSS, Lam KH, Lee JMN, Lau TC. Removal of phosphate from water by a highly selective La(III)-chelex resin. Chemosphere 2007; 69:289-94. [PMID: 17531289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new polymer ligand exchanger (PLE) has been developed for the removal of phosphate in wastewater. This PLE, consisting of lanthanum(III) bound to chelex-100 resin, was prepared by passing LaCl3 solution through a column of chelex-100. Uptake of phosphate from water by this La-chelex resin was investigated in the column mode. The La-chelex resin was able to remove phosphate efficiently from water, and the uptake of phosphate was not affected by the presence of large amounts of anions (0.1M) such as chloride and sulfate. The La-chelex resin was also able to efficiently remove phosphate from seawater to <0.1mg-Pl(-1), and regenerated for reuse by removing the sorbed phosphate by eluting with 6M HCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf S S Wu
- Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Yin P, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Lam KH, Miller MR, Zhang WS, Thomas GN, Adab P. Passive smoking exposure and risk of COPD among adults in China: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Lancet 2007; 370:751-7. [PMID: 17765524 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality in China, where the population is also exposed to high levels of passive smoking, yet little information exists on the effects of such exposure on COPD. We examined the relation between passive smoking and COPD and respiratory symptoms in an adult Chinese population. METHODS We used baseline data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Of 20 430 men and women over the age of 50 recruited in 2003-06, 15,379 never smokers (6497 with valid spirometry) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. We measured passive smoking exposure at home and work by two self-reported measures (density and duration of exposure). Diagnosis of COPD was based on spirometry and defined according to the GOLD guidelines. FINDINGS There was an association between risk of COPD and self-reported exposure to passive smoking at home and work (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.18-1.85 for high level exposure; equivalent to 40 h a week for more than 5 years). There were significant associations between reported respiratory symptoms and increasing passive smoking exposure (1.16, 1.07-1.25 for any symptom). INTERPRETATION Exposure to passive smoking is associated with an increased prevalence of COPD and respiratory symptoms. If this association is causal, we estimate that 1.9 million excess deaths from COPD among never smokers could be attributable to passive smoking in the current population in China. Our findings provide strong evidence for urgent measures against passive smoking in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yin
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, UK
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Lam KH, Parkin TDH, Riggs CM, Morgan KL. Descriptive analysis of retirement of Thoroughbred racehorses due to tendon injuries at the Hong Kong Jockey Club (1992-2004). Equine Vet J 2007; 39:143-8. [PMID: 17378443 DOI: 10.2746/042516407x159132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY This study was part of a programme to optimise the longevity and maximise the health and welfare of the Thoroughbred racehorses in Hong Kong. Injuries to the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon are the most common veterinary reason for premature retirement in this population. OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and pattern of retirements associated with SDF tendon injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses and to compare the characteristics of these horses with those that retired for other reasons. METHODS A retrospective analysis of retirement records documented in the Hong Kong Jockey Club clinical database between 1992 and 2004 was conducted. As this is complete census data, no statistical inference to the population is necessary. RESULTS The mean annual cumulative incidence of retirements due to tendon injury was 3.2% accounting for 14% of all retirements. The risk of tendon injury increased over the 12 year period from 23-4.2%. The racing career, number of starts and earnings of horses retired with tendon injuries were reduced by 25.6, 41.2 and 53.3%, respectively. Thirteen percent of these horses never raced in Hong Kong. A greater proportion of 3- and 4-year-olds and entire males were retired because of tendon injuries. Ninety-seven percent of injuries affected the forelimb, the right more frequently than the left. Only 19.7% of retired horses that had received ultrasound examination for SDF tendon injury retired for this reason. CONCLUSIONS This study provides population based data on the frequency, career and economic losses associated with tendon injury induced retirement. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE This descriptive study has provided a useful resource for further case-control studies to investigate risk factors for retirement from racing due to tendon injury. This is the first step toward the development of management tools to reduce the incidence of tendon injury related retirement in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lam
- Department of Veterinary Regulation and International Liaison, Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Guo M, Lin DM, Lam KH, Wang S, Chan HLW, Zhao XZ. A lead-free piezoelectric transformer in radial vibration modes. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:035102. [PMID: 17411212 DOI: 10.1063/1.2712795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a disk-shaped piezoelectric transformer was fabricated using lead-free (K,Na)NbO(3)-based ceramics with high mechanical quality factor. The transformer can operate in the fundamental or the third radial vibration mode. The transformer is poled along the thickness direction. The top surface is covered by ring/dot silver electrodes separated by an annular gap which serve as the input and output parts of the transformer, respectively. The bottom surface, fully covered with a silver electrode, is grounded as a common electrode. The dimensions of the top ring/dot electrodes are designed such that the third radial vibration mode can be strongly excited. The electrical properties of the transformer with diameter of 34.2 mm and thickness of 1.9 mm were measured. For a temperature rise of 35 degrees C, the transformer has a maximum output power of 12 W. With the matching load, its maximum efficiency is >95%, and maximum voltage gains are 6.5 and 3.9 for the fundamental and the third radial vibration modes, respectively. It has potential to be used in power supply units and other electronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Riegman PHJ, Oomen MHA, Dinjens WNM, Oosterhuis JW, Lam KH, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, Van Damme B, Van De Vijver M, Van Boven H, Morente MM, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, López-Guerrero JA, Llombart-Bosch A, Carbone A, Gloghini A, Teodorovic I, Isabelle M, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, Van Veen EB. TuBaFrost: European virtual tumor tissue banking. Adv Exp Med Biol 2007; 587:65-74. [PMID: 17163156 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5133-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
TuBaFrost is a consortium responsible for the task to create a virtual European human frozen tumor tissue bank, composed of high quality frozen tumor tissue collections with corresponding accurate diagnosis stored in European cancer centers and universities, searchable on the Internet, providing rules for access and use and a code of conduct to comply with the various legal and ethical regulations in European countries. Such infrastructure would enlarge tissue availability and accessibility in large amounts of specified or even rare tumor samples. Design of an infrastructure for European residual tissue banking with the described characteristics, clear focus points emerge that can be broken down in dedicated subjects: (1) standardization and quality assurance (QA) to avoid inter-institute quality variation; (2) law and ethics enabling exchange of tissue samples possible between institutes in the different European countries, where law and ethics are characterized by a strong variability; (3) rules for access, with sufficient incentives for collectors; (4) central database application containing innovations on search and selection procedures; (5) support when needed with histology images; and (6) Internet access to search and upload, with in addition a solid website giving proper information on the procedures, intentions and activities not only to the scientific community, but also to the general public. One consortium decision, part of the incentives for collectors, had major impact on the infrastructure; custodianship over the tissues as well as the tissues stay with the collector institute. Resulting in specimens that are not given to an organization, taking decisions on participation of requests, but instead the local collected tissues stay very easy to access by the collector and allows autonomous negotiation between collector and requestor on cooperation, coauthorship in publication or compensation in costs. Thereby, improving availability of large amounts of high quality samples of a highly specified or rare tumor types and contact opportunities for cooperation with other institutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H J Riegman
- The TuBaFrost Consortium, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
In this article, a multilayer piezoelectric transformer based on lead-free Mn-doped 0.94(Bi(12)Na(12))TiO(3)-0.06BaTiO(3) ceramics is presented. This piezoelectric transformer, with a multilayered construction in the thickness direction, is 8.3 mm long, 8.3 mm wide, and 2.3 mm thick. It operates in the second thickness extensional vibration mode. For a temperature rise of 20 degrees C, the transformer has an output power of >0.3 W. With a matching load resistance of 10 Omega, its maximum efficiency approaches 81.5%, and the maximum voltage gain is 0.14. It has potential to be used in low voltage power supply units such as low power adapter and other electronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsen Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Teodorovic I, Isabelle M, Carbone A, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Jaminé D, Therasse P, Gloghini A, Dinjens WNM, Lam KH, Oomen MHA, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, van Damme B, van de Vijver M, van Boven H, Morente MM, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Llombart Bosch A, van Veen EB, Oosterhuis JW, Riegman PHJ. TuBaFrost 6: Virtual microscopy in virtual tumour banking. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:3110-6. [PMID: 17027253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many systems have already been designed and successfully used for sharing histology images over large distances, without transfer of the original glass slides. Rapid evolution was seen when digital images could be transferred over the Internet. Nowadays, sophisticated Virtual Microscope systems can be acquired, with the capability to quickly scan large batches of glass slides at high magnification and compress and store the large images on disc, which subsequently can be consulted through the Internet. The images are stored on an image server, which can give simple, easy to transfer pictures to the user specifying a certain magnification on any position in the scan. This offers new opportunities in histology review, overcoming the necessity of the dynamic telepathology systems to have compatible software systems and microscopes and in addition, an adequate connection of sufficient bandwidth. Consulting the images now only requires an Internet connection and a computer with a high quality monitor. A system of complete pathology review supporting bio-repositories is described, based on the implementation of this technique in the European Human Frozen Tumor Tissue Bank (TuBaFrost).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Teodorovic
- EORTC Data Center, Avenue E. Mounier 83, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Isabelle M, Teodorovic I, Morente MM, Jaminé D, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, Dinjens WNM, Oosterhuis JW, Lam KH, Oomen MHA, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, van de Vijver M, van Boven H, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Llombart Bosch A, Carbone A, Gloghini A, van Veen EB, van Damme B, Riegman PHJ. TuBaFrost 5: multifunctional central database application for a European tumor bank. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:3103-9. [PMID: 17029787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing a tissue bank database has become more than just logically arranging data in tables combined with a search engine. Current demand for high quality samples and data, and the ever-changing legal and ethical regulations mean that the application must reflect TuBaFrost rules and protocols for the collection, exchange and use of tissue. To ensure continuation and extension of the TuBaFrost European tissue bank, the custodianship of the samples, and hence the decision over whether to issue samples to requestors, remains with the local collecting centre. The database application described in this article has been developed to facilitate this open structure virtual tissue bank model serving a large group. It encompasses many key tasks, without the requirement for personnel, hence minimising operational costs. The Internet-accessible database application enables search, selection and request submission for requestors, whereas collectors can upload and edit their collection. Communication between requestor and involved collectors is started with automatically generated e-mails.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabelle
- EORTC Data Center, Avenue E. Mounier 83, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Riegman PHJ, Dinjens WNM, Oomen MHA, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, van Damme B, van de Vijver M, van Boven H, Morente MM, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Llombart Bosch A, Carbone A, Gloghini A, Teodorovic I, Isabelle M, Jaminé D, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, van Veen EB, Lam KH, Oosterhuis JW. TuBaFrost 1: Uniting local frozen tumour banks into a European network: an overview. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:2678-83. [PMID: 17027254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
TuBaFrost is the consortium responsible for the creation of a virtual European human frozen tumour tissue bank: a collection of high quality frozen residual, accurately classified tumour tissue samples, which are stored in European cancer centres and universities. This virtual tissue bank, searchable on the internet, has rules for access and use, and a code of conduct to comply with the various legal and ethical regulations in European countries. The easy accessibility and the European scale of the bank will result in the availability of a large number of samples even of rarer tumour types. Standardisation of collection, storage and quality control throughout the network is achieved minimising inter-institutional variability. A website providing access to upload, search and request samples is a key tool of the tissue bank. The search engine makes use of virtual microscopy. An overview of the development of the European virtual frozen tissue bank infrastructure is described in this paper. The various key aspects are described in more detail in a series of articles to appear in this Journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H J Riegman
- Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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42
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Lopez-Guerrero JA, Riegman PHJ, Oosterhuis JW, Lam KH, Oomen MHA, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, van Damme B, van de Vijver M, van Boven H, Morente MM, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, Carbone A, Gloghini A, Teodorovic I, Isabelle M, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, van Veen EB, Dinjens WNM, Llombart-Bosch A. TuBaFrost 4: access rules and incentives for a European tumour bank. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:2924-9. [PMID: 17027256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
When designing infrastructure for a networked virtual tumour bank (samples remain at the collector institutes and sample data are collected in a searchable central database), it is apparent that this can only function properly after developing an adequate set of rules for use and access. These rules must include sufficient incentives for the tissue sample collectors to remain active within the network and maintain sufficient sample levels in the local bank. These requirements resulted in a key TuBaFrost rule, stating that the custodianship of the samples remains under the authority of the local collector. As a consequence, the samples and the decision to issue the samples to a requestor are not transferred to a large organisation but instead remain with the collector, thus allowing autonomous negotiation between collector and requestor, potential co-authorship in publications or compensation for collection and processing costs. Furthermore, it realises a streamlined cost effective network, ensuring tissue visibility and accessibility thereby improving the availability of large amounts of samples of highly specific or rare tumour types as well as providing contact opportunities for collaboration between scientists with cutting edge technology and tissue collectors. With this general purpose in mind, the rules and responsibilities for collectors, requestors and central office were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lopez-Guerrero
- Unit of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, C/Profesor Beltran Baguena, 8+11, Valencia, Spain.
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Morente MM, Mager R, Alonso S, Pezzella F, Spatz A, Knox K, Kerr D, Dinjens WNM, Oosterhuis JW, Lam KH, Oomen MHA, van Damme B, van de Vijver M, van Boven H, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Llombart Bosch A, Carbone A, Gloghini A, Teodorovic I, Isabelle M, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, van Veen EB, Ratcliffe C, Riegman PHJ. TuBaFrost 2: Standardising tissue collection and quality control procedures for a European virtual frozen tissue bank network. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:2684-91. [PMID: 17027255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumour Bank Networking presents a great challenge for oncological research as in order to carry out large-scale, multi-centre studies with minimal intrinsic bias, each tumour bank in the network must have some fundamental similarities and be using the same standardised and validated procedures. The European Human Frozen Tumour Tissue Bank (TuBaFrost) has responded to this need by the promotion of an integrated platform of tumour banks in Europe. The operational framework for TuBaFrost has drawn upon the best practice of standard workflows and operating procedures employed by members of the TuBaFrost project and key initiatives worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Morente
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Isabelle M, Teodorovic I, Oosterhuis JW, Riegman PHJ, Passioukov A, Lejeune S, Therasse P, Dinjens WNM, Lam KH, Oomen MHA, Spatz A, Ratcliffe C, Knox K, Mager R, Kerr D, Pezzella F, Van Damme B, Van de Vijver M, Van Boven H, Morente MM, Alonso S, Kerjaschki D, Pammer J, López-Guerrero JA, Llombart-Bosch A, Carbone A, Gloghini A, Van Veen EB. Virtual Microscopy in Virtual Tumor Banking. New trends in cancer for the 21st century 2006; 587:75-86. [PMID: 17163157 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5133-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many systems have already been designed and successfully used for sharing histology images over large distances, without transfer of the original glass slides. Rapid evolution was seen when digital images could be transferred over the Internet. Nowadays, sophisticated virtual microscope systems can be acquired, with the capability to quickly scan large batches of glass slides at high magnification and compress and store the large images on disc, which subsequently can be consulted through the Internet. The images are stored on an image server, which can give simple, easy to transfer pictures to the user specifying a certain magnification on any position in the scan. This offers new opportunities in histology review, overcoming the necessity of the dynamic telepathology systems to have compatible software systems and microscopes and in addition, an adequate connection of sufficient bandwidth. Consulting the images now only requires an Internet connection and a computer with a high quality monitor. A system of complete pathology review supporting biorepositories is described, based on the implementation of this technique in the European Human Frozen Tumor Tissue Bank (TuBaFrost).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabelle
- EORTC Data Center, Avenue E. Mounier 83, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Ji JX, Wu J, Xu L, Yip CW, Lam KH, Chan ASC. Catalytic asymmetric addition reactions leading to carbon-carbon bond formation: Phenyl and alkenyl transfer to aldehydes and alkynylation of α-imino esters. PURE APPL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200678020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optically active tertiary aminonaphthol ligands were obtained by a new, convenient procedure and were found to catalyze the enantioselective alkenyl and phenyl transfer to aldehydes in high yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses (ee's). The catalytic asymmetric introduction of alkynyl functionality to α-amino acid derivatives was realized by the direct addition of terminal alkynes to α-imino ester in the presence of chiral copper(I) complex under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Ji
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijin Xu
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chiu-Wing Yip
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kim Hung Lam
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Lam KH, Xu L, Feng L, Ruan J, Fan Q, Chan ASC. Ruthenium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α- and β-keto esters in ionic liquids using chiral P-Phos ligand. CAN J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/v05-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral dipyridylphosphine ligand P-Phos was used in the Ru catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α- and β-keto esters in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with high conversions and good to excellent enantioselectivities. The catalyst was recycled by simple extraction and reused five times without loss of activity and enantioselectivity.Key words: ruthenium, asymmetric hydrogenation, keto ester, ionic liquids, P-Phos.
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Xu L, Lam KH, Ji J, Wu J, Fan QH, Lo WH, Chan ASC. Air-stable Ir-(P-Phos) complex for highly enantioselective hydrogenation of quinolines and their immobilization in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (DMPEG). Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:1390-2. [PMID: 15756313 DOI: 10.1039/b416397d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An air-stable catalyst system Ir-(P-Phos) catalyst was found to be highly effective in the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoline derivatives. The catalyst immobilized in DMPEG was efficiently recovered and reused eight times, retaining reactivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Xu
- Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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Qi JY, Qiu LQ, Lam KH, Yip CW, Zhou ZY, Chan ASC. Highly efficient epoxidation of cyclic alkenes catalyzed by ruthenium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:1058-9. [PMID: 12772901 DOI: 10.1039/b212899c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The epoxidation of cyclic alkenes with molecular oxygen was efficiently completed in excellent epoxide yield using a novel ruthenium complex as catalyst under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ying Qi
- Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology, Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Tsui KL, Chan KK, Leung TC, Lam KH, Li SK. Isolated ventricular non-compaction presenting with ventricular tachycardia. Hong Kong Med J 2003; 9:137-40. [PMID: 12668828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated ventricular non-compaction is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy, manifested morphologically as prominent myocardial trabeculations and deep inter-trabecular recesses that communicate with the ventricular cavity. Heart failure is the most common presenting condition. Other manifestations include arrhythmia and cardioembolic events. This report is illustrative of isolated ventricular non-compaction in a 78-year-old woman. The diagnosis was made when she presented with ventricular tachycardia many years after a stroke. She subsequently underwent implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator. This report documents an uncommon presentation of this disease entity in the oldest patient at presentation as yet reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Tsui
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Aerts JGJV, de Jongh F, van Iperen CE, Lam KH, Hoogsteden HC, van Meerbeeck JPAM. [Pulmonary problems associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenström's macroglobulinemia)]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146:999-1002. [PMID: 12058634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A 62-year-old man, known for some years due to lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, was admitted with progressive dyspnoea. Multiple lung infiltrates were found upon X-ray examination. Because of the suspicion of an infection, a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. No infectious cause could be established. Upon cytological examination, a highly increased level of kappa-positive B-lymphoid cells was found, as is seen in cases of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia). Following chemotherapy, the dyspnoea lessened and the pulmonary infiltrates disappeared. In patients with a lymphoproliferative disorder, pulmonary infiltrates due to infection are found relatively frequently. This case report highlights a rare complication of the disease, namely pulmonary infiltrates caused by infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells, emphasising the importance of cytological examination of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G J V Aerts
- Afd. Longziekten, Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam-Daniel den Hoed Kliniek, Rotterdam
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