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Ohno Y. Use of Nasopharyngoscopy Severity Classification of Chronic Epipharyngitis and Its Application for Evaluating the Treatment Outcomes of Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy. Cureus 2024; 16:e54067. [PMID: 38348201 PMCID: PMC10860666 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic epipharyngitis causes postnasal drip, pharyngeal pain, pharyngeal discomfort, headache, and shoulder stiffness. Additionally, autonomic nervous system symptoms such as dizziness, general fatigue, and sleeplessness may occur. It can also contribute to the development of focal diseases. Although epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) is effective for chronic epipharyngitis involving the abrasion of the epipharynx with a zinc chloride solution, there is a lack of clear diagnostic criteria, and treatment outcomes are rarely reported. Methodology A classification of the severity of chronic epipharyngitis was attempted in 154 cases based on nasopharyngeal endoscopic findings, with a subsequent examination of treatment outcomes using EAT. Diagnosis of chronic epipharyngitis involved identifying redness, swelling, postnasal drip, and crusting of the epipharyngeal mucosa. Severity classification relied on a four-point scale measuring the degree of redness and swelling, with additional points assigned for the presence of postnasal drip and crusting. This classification also served as a criterion for judging treatment effectiveness. The prevalence and improvement rate of black spots and granular changes were assessed through nasopharyngeal endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. Subjective symptoms were evaluated using before and after treatment questionnaires, employing a four-point scale for symptoms commonly associated with chronic epipharyngitis (headache, postnasal drip, nasal obstruction, pharyngeal discomfort, pharyngeal pain, shoulder stiffness, tinnitus, ear fullness, dizziness, cough, and sputum). A 10-point numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the physical condition. Results Following EAT, the severity of nasopharyngeal endoscopic findings notably improved, with a 76.0% (117/154) improvement rate (remarkable improvement: 19.5% (30), improvement: 56.5% (87)). The improvement rate for the chief complaint reached 85.7% (132/154), demonstrating significant enhancement in the score for each symptom. NRS scores also improved at a rate of 76.0% (117/154). A significant correlation was observed between the improvement in local findings and chief complaints. The prevalence of black spots and granular changes before EAT was 83.8% (129/154) and 64.3% (99/154), exhibiting improvement rates of 65.9% (87/132) and 54.8% (57/104), respectively. Conclusions Nasopharyngeal endoscopy proves valuable for diagnosing and assessing the severity of chronic epipharyngitis, as well as evaluating treatment effectiveness. The findings indicate that EAT is an effective treatment for chronic epipharyngitis, with improvements in local findings correlating with enhancements in the chief complaint. This underscores the importance of employing aggressive EAT in managing patients with chronic epipharyngitis.
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Batista MJPA, Marques MBF, Franca AS, Oliveira LS. Development of Films from Spent Coffee Grounds' Polysaccharides Crosslinked with Calcium Ions and 1,4-Phenylenediboronic Acid: A Comparative Analysis of Film Properties and Biodegradability. Foods 2023; 12:2520. [PMID: 37444258 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most polymeric materials are synthetic and derived from petroleum, hence they accumulate in landfills or the ocean, and recent studies have focused on alternatives to replace them with biodegradable materials from renewable sources. Biodegradable wastes from food and agroindustry, such as spent coffee grounds (SCGs), are annually discarded on a large scale and are rich in organic compounds, such as polysaccharides, that could be used as precursors to produce films. Around 6.5 million tons of SCGs are discarded every year, generating an environmental problem around the world. Therefore, it was the aim of this work to develop films from the SCGs polysaccharide fraction, which is comprised of cellulose, galactomannans and arabinogalactans. Two types of crosslinking were performed: the first forming coordination bonds of calcium ions with polysaccharides; and the second through covalent bonds with 1,4-phenylenediboronic acid (PDBA). The films with Ca2+ ions exhibited a greater barrier to water vapor with a reduction of 44% of water permeability vapor and 26% greater tensile strength than the control film (without crosslinkers). Films crosslinked with PDBA presented 55-81% higher moisture contents, 85-125% greater permeability to water vapor and 67-150% larger elongations at break than the films with Ca2+ ions. Film biodegradability was demonstrated to be affected by the crosslinking density, with the higher the crosslinking density, the longer the time for the film to fully biodegrade. The results are promising and suggest that future research should focus on enhancing the properties of these films to expand the range of possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J P A Batista
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - M Betânia F Marques
- DQ, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Franca
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Oliveira
- PPGCA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- DEMEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Doboszewska U, Socała K, Pieróg M, Nieoczym D, Sawicki J, Sajnóg A, Szewczyk B, Mlyniec K, Sowa I, Barałkiewicz D, Wlaź P. Dietary Zinc Differentially Regulates the Effects of the GPR39 Receptor Agonist, TC-G 1008, in the Maximal Electroshock Seizure Test and Pentylenetetrazole-Kindling Model of Epilepsy. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36672199 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is gaining increasing attention as a target for future drugs, yet there are gaps in the understanding of its pharmacology. Zinc is an endogenous agonist or an allosteric modulator, while TC-G 1008 is a synthetic, small molecule agonist. Zinc is also a positive allosteric modulator for the activity of TC-G 1008 at GPR39. Activation of GPR39 by TC-G 1008 facilitated the development of epileptogenesis in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model of epilepsy. Congruently, TC-G 1008 decreased the seizure threshold in the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test. Here, we investigated the effects of TC-G 1008 under the condition of zinc deficiency. Mice were fed a zinc-adequate diet (ZnA, 50 mg Zn/kg) or a zinc-deficient diet (ZnD, 3 mg Zn/kg) for 4 weeks. Following 4 weeks of dietary zinc restriction, TC-G 1008 was administered as a single dose and the MEST test was performed. Additional groups of mice began the PTZ-kindling model during which TC-G 1008 was administered repeatedly and the diet was continued. TC-G 1008 administered acutely decreased the seizure threshold in the MEST test in mice fed the ZnD diet but not in mice fed the ZnA diet. TC-G 1008 administered chronically increased the maximal seizure severity and the percentage of fully kindled mice in those fed the ZnA diet, but not in mice fed the ZnD diet. Our data showed that the amount of zinc in a diet is a factor contributing to the effects of TC-G 1008 in vivo.
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Pascual J, Mira Otal J, Torrent-Silla D, Porcar M, Vilanova C, Vivancos Cuadras F. A mouthwash formulated with o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride specifically targets potential pathogens without impairing the native oral microbiome in healthy individuals. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2185962. [PMID: 36891194 PMCID: PMC9987754 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2185962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many antimicrobial compounds in mouthwashes can have a negative impact on the oral microbiome. O-cymen-5-ol, a compound derived from a phytochemical, has a targeted mode of action and is being used as an alternative. However, its effect on the native oral microbiome is unknown. Aim To assess the effect of a mouthwash formulated with o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride on the oral microbiome of healthy individuals. Methods A mouthwash formulated with o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride was administered to a cohort of 51 volunteers for 14 days, while another cohort of 49 volunteers received a placebo. The evolution of the oral microbiome in both groups was analysed using a metataxonomic approach. Results Analysis of the oral microbiome showed that the mouthwash selectively targeted potential oral pathogens while maintaining the integrity of the rest of the microbiome. Specifically, the relative abundance of several potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa, namely Fusobacteriota, Prevotella, Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Abiotrophia, Lautropia, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Eubacterium (nodatum group) and Absconditabacteriales (SR1) decreased, while the growth of Rothia, a nitrate-reducing bacterium beneficial for blood pressure, was stimulated. Conclusions The use of o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride as antimicrobial agents in oral mouthwashes is a valuable alternative to classical antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manuel Porcar
- Darwin Bioprospecting Excellence S.L., Paterna, Spain.,Institute for Integrative Systems Biology I2SysBio (University of Valencia - CSIC), Paterna, Spain
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Anton IC, Mititelu-Tartau L, Popa EG, Poroch M, Poroch V, Pelin AM, Pavel LL, Drochioi IC, Botnariu GE. Zinc Chloride Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Improving the Functional and Structural Organic Disturbances in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:1620. [PMID: 36363577 PMCID: PMC9695737 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease affecting the whole metabolic balance of the body and resulting in multiple organ complications: cardiovascular, neuronal, renal, etc. Our study focuses on investigating the effect of zinc chloride (Zn) on certain blood parameters suggestive for assessing the metabolic disturbances, the liver and kidney function, the oxidative stress and the immune defense capacity in experimental-induced DM with streptozotocin (STZ) and cholesterol in rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were assigned to three groups, as follows: Group 1 (Control): buffer citrate solution 0.1 mL/100 g body; Group 2 (STZ): 20 mg/kg body STZ and fat diet (10 g cholesterol/100 g diet); Group 3 (STZ+Zn): 20 mg/kg body STZ + 5 mg/kg body Zn chloride and the same fat diet. DM was induced by administering STZ in a single take daily, for three consecutive days, Zn and citrate buffer were administered orally for a month. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University 'Grigore T Popa' Iasi, in agreement with the International Regulations about the handling of laboratory animals. Results: The use of STZ in rats fed with cholesterol was correlated with important weight gain, hyperglycemia, the intensification of the transaminases activity and the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine and in malondialdehyde. Conclusions: The treatment with Zn resulted in weight loss and a decrease in blood sugar in diabetic rats. Supplementation with Zn notably reduced oxidative stress, preserved the pancreatic architecture and restored the liver and kidney function and structure in STZ-induced DM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Claudia Anton
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eliza Gratiela Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Poroch
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vladimir Poroch
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Liliana Lacramioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Ilie Cristian Drochioi
- Surgical Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gina Eosefina Botnariu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Hill DL, Pinger C, Noland EL, Morton K, Hunt AMA, Pensler E, Cantu S, Attar PS, Siddiqi A. A novel activated-zinc antiseptic solution effective against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a pig model. J Wound Care 2022; 31:S41-S50. [PMID: 35797249 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.sup7.s41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel activated zinc solution against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa after one hour, and to evaluate any untoward effect of the solution on local wound tissue at 24 hours after solution exposure in a pig wound model. METHOD A pathogen-free, commercially raised, Yorkshire-cross female pig was acquired 12 days prior to the procedure. Within one week prior to the procedure, a small loopful of test bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pig-isolate) and MRSA (ATCC-6538), were streaked and cultured on a non-selective agar. Full-thickness wounds (n=24) were created and evenly divided into three groups: control wounds (exposed to bacteria but untreated, n=8); wounds treated with Compound 1 (n=8), and wounds treated with Compound 2 (n=8). All wounds were dressed and monitored for one hour and 24 hours. RESULTS After one hour, the wounds treated with Compound 1 and Compound 2 had a mean recoverable total bacteria of 2.8 log colony forming units (CFUs) and 3.5 logCFUs, respectively. After one hour, the wounds treated with Compound 1 and Compound 2 had a mean recoverable MRSA of 2.3 logCFUs and 1.6 logCFUs, respectively (p=0.009). After one hour, the wounds treated with Compound 1 and Compound 2 had a mean recoverable Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 0.3 logCFUs and 0.0 logCFUs, respectively (p=0.000). After 24 hours of exposure to Compound 1 and Compound 2, there was no statistically significant increased necrosis (p=0.12, p=0.31, respectively) or neutrophilic infiltrate (Compound 2, p=0.12) when compared with control wounds. CONCLUSION The novel activated-zinc compound used in this study demonstrated a 99.5-99.9% reduction in total bacteria, a 99.9-99.98% reduction in MRSA, and 100% eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa one hour after exposure. This novel solution may provide another significant tool to treat and/or prevent wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek L Hill
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine Hill Orthopedics, US
| | - Cody Pinger
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University, US
| | - Erica L Noland
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, US
| | - Kevin Morton
- Ascension Macomb-Oakland, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, US
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Siddiqi
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland, OH, US
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Mohammadi F, Oshvandi K, Kamallan SR, Khazaei S, Ranjbar H, Ahmadi‐Motamayel F, Gillespie M, Jenabi E, Vafaei SY. Effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes in the treatment of oral mucositis and quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy. Nurs Open 2022; 9:1602-1611. [PMID: 35170247 PMCID: PMC8994952 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwashes on oral mucositis and quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Design The present study was a randomized controlled trial study. Methods One hundred forty‐four patients with a cancer diagnosis were randomly assigned into three groups: sodium bicarbonate mouthwash (n = 48), zinc chloride mouthwash (n = 48) and placebo group (n = 48). The severity of mucositis and quality of life were examined blindly at the baseline and 3‐week follow‐up. Results The grade of oral mucositis decreased at the end of the third weeks in the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride groups rather than the placebo group (p < .001). The severity of oral mucositis in the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride groups decreased from end of the first week until third week (p < .001). In addition, there was significant difference in the severity of oral mucositis among the groups at the end of the second (p = .014) and the third weeks (p < .001). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in quality of life scores between the sodium bicarbonate and zinc chloride mouthwash with the placebo group (p < .001). Conclusion Zinc chloride and sodium bicarbonate mouthwashes were effective in treating and reducing the severity of oral mucositis, and subsequently improving quality of life in patients with cancer under chemotherapy. Therefore, we can recommend zinc chloride and sodium bicarbonate at the beginning of chemotherapy to improve oral health and promoting quality of life in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mohammadi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research CenterDepartment of NursingHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Khodayar Oshvandi
- Department of Medical Surgical NursingSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Care Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Seyed Ramesh Kamallan
- Department of Medical‐Surgical NursingStudent Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Department of EpidemiologyHealth Sciences Research CenterHealth Sciences & Technology Research InstituteHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Hossein Ranjbar
- Department of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi‐Motamayel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial MedicineSchool of DentistryDental Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Mark Gillespie
- School of Health Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of the West of ScotlandPaisleyScotland
| | - Ensiyeh Jenabi
- Research Assistant Professor of Reproductive Health (By Research)Autism Spectrum disorders Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Seyed Yaser Vafaei
- Department of PharmaceuticsDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Kanda T, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Masuzaki R, Matsumoto N, Okamoto H, Moriyama M. Knockdown of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 3 Negatively Regulates Hepatitis A Virus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7420. [PMID: 34299039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc chloride is known to be effective in combatting hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, and zinc ions seem to be especially involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. In the present study, we examined this involvement in human hepatoma cell lines using a human TLR signaling target RT-PCR array. We also observed that zinc chloride inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3) expression, which could downregulate HAV replication in human hepatocytes. It is possible that zinc chloride may inhibit HAV replication in association with its inhibition of MAP2K3. In that regard, this study set out to determine whether MAP2K3 could be considered a modulating factor in the development of the HAV pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and its triggering of interferon-β production. Because MAP2K3 seems to play a role in antiviral immunity against HAV infection, it is a promising target for drug development. The inhibition of MAP2K3 may also prevent HAV patients from developing a severe hepatitis A infection.
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Mititelu-Tartau L, Bogdan M, Pricop DA, Buca BR, Pauna AM, Dijmarescu LA, Pelin AM, Pavel LL, Popa GE. Assessment of the In Vivo Release and Biocompatibility of Novel Vesicles Containing Zinc in Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134101. [PMID: 34279441 PMCID: PMC8271654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is focused on the in vivo release and biocompatibility evaluation in rats of some novel systems entrapping zinc chloride in lipid vesicles. The particles were prepared by zinc chloride immobilization inside lipid vesicles made using phosphatidylcholine, stabilized with 0.5% chitosan solution, and dialyzed for 10 h to achieve a neutral pH. The submicrometric systems were physico-chemically characterized. White Wistar rats, assigned into four groups of six animals each, were treated orally with a single dose, as follows: Group I (control): deionized water 0.3 mL/100 g body weight; Group II (Zn): 2 mg/kg body weight (kbw) zinc chloride; Group III (LV-Zn): 2 mg/kbw zinc chloride in vesicles; Group IV (LVC-Zn): 2 mg/kbw zinc chloride in vesicles stabilized with chitosan. Haematological, biochemical, and immune parameters were assessed after 24 h and 7 days, and then liver fragments were collected for histopathological examination. The use of zinc submicrometric particles-especially those stabilized with chitosan-showed a delayed zinc release in rats. No substantial changes to blood parameters, plasma biochemical tests, serum complement activity, or peripheral neutrophils phagocytic capacity were noted; moreover, the tested substances did not induce liver architectural disturbances. The obtained systems provided a delayed release of zinc, and showed good biocompatibility in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.-T.); (B.R.B.); (A.-M.P.)
| | - Maria Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Daniela Angelica Pricop
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics, “Al. I. Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (D.A.P.)
| | - Beatrice Rozalina Buca
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.-T.); (B.R.B.); (A.-M.P.)
| | - Ana-Maria Pauna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.-T.); (B.R.B.); (A.-M.P.)
| | - Lorena Anda Dijmarescu
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Liliana Lacramioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania;
| | - Gratiela Eliza Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Hashemzaei M, Fanoudi S, Najari M, Fotouhi M, Belaran M, Alipour NS, Dadrezaei Z, Miri F, Tabrizian K. Effects of Quercetin and Resveratrol on Zinc Chloride- and Sodium Metavanadate-Induced Passive Avoidance Memory Retention Deficits in Male Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:67-74. [PMID: 33859961 PMCID: PMC8027046 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin and resveratrol are found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and have several biological and pharmacological properties. In this study, the effects of quercetin [50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)] and resveratrol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) on zinc chloride (ZnCl2; 75 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks oral gavage) and sodium metavanadate (SMV; 22.5 mg/kg/d, 2 weeks oral gavage) induced passive avoidance memory retention were investigated in step-through passive avoidance tasks. ZnCl2 was dissolved in saline and SMV was dissolved in drinking water. Mice received ZnCl2 or SMV orally for two weeks and were administered quercetin or resveratrol by i.p. injection on day 14, days 12 and 14, or days 10, 12, and 14. At the end of treatment, animals were trained for one day in a step-through passive avoidance task, then alterations in avoidance memory retention were evaluated after 24, 48, 96, and 168 h. Oral consumption of ZnCl2 and SMV decreased latency time compared with control groups. Both quercetin and resveratrol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented ZnCl2- and SMV-induced avoidance memory retention impairments and did not significantly alter muscle strength, as demonstrated in rotarod tasks. No significant differences were observed between mice who received single, double, or triple doses of quercetin or resveratrol. The results suggest that quercetin and resveratrol may have preventive effects on ZnCl2- and SMV-induced memory impairment in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran.,Toxicology and Addiction Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Najari
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Fotouhi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Maryam Belaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Najmeh Sadat Alipour
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Zahra Dadrezaei
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Miri
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
| | - Kaveh Tabrizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran.,Toxicology and Addiction Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 98616-15881, Iran
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11
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Sakakibara H, Yamasaki K, Ono S, Yatera K. A Case of Smoke Bomb-induced Acute Lung Injury. Intern Med 2021; 60:965-966. [PMID: 33055482 PMCID: PMC8024971 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5708-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sakakibara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kei Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Shiro Ono
- Department of Cardiology, Saiseikai Yamaguchi Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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12
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Mohd Pisal MH, Osman AF, Jin TS, Rahman RA, Alrashdi AA, Masa A. The Role of Zinc Chloride in Enhancing Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Performance of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Carbonized Wood Fiber Conductive Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:600. [PMID: 33671304 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonized natural filler can offer the production of low cost composites with an eco-friendliness value. The evolving field of electronics encourages the exploration of more functions and potential for carbonized natural filler, such as by modifying its surface chemistry. In this work, we have performed surface modification on carbonized wood fiber (CWF) prior to it being used as filler in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composite system. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) with various contents (2 to 8 wt%) was used to surface modify the CWF and the effects of ZnCl2 composition on the surface morphology and chemistry of the CWF filler were investigated. Furthermore, the absorptive, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the EVA composites containing CWF-ZnCl2 were also analyzed. SEM images indicated changes in the morphology of the CWF while FTIR analysis proved the presence of ZnCl2 functional groups in the CWF. EVA composites incorporating the CWF-ZnCl2 showed superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties compared to the ones containing the CWF. The optimum content of ZnCl2 was found to be 6 wt%. Surface modification raised the electrical conductivity of the EVA/CWF composite through the development of conductive deposits in the porous structure of the CWF as a channel for ionic and electronic transfer between the CWF and EVA matrix.
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13
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Fukuyama Y, Maruo T, Nishiyama Y, Nemoto Y, Murayama K, Kayanuma H, Kawarai S. Application of a novel carboxymethyl cellulose-based Mohs sol-gel on malignant wounds in three dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:385-389. [PMID: 33441500 PMCID: PMC8025422 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of modified Mohs paste, commonly used for malignant wounds, requires time and effort. Moreover, metal-containing liquid waste is generated when
malignant wounds are scrubbed. Therefore, we previously changed the base material of the modified Mohs paste from zinc oxide starch powder to carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC). The novel modified Mohs paste based on CMC (moM-CMC sol) may reduce these disadvantages. In the present study, the moM-CMC sol was applied to
malignant tumors in three dogs to manage bleeding and malodor. The moM-CMC sol transitioned into a gel on the tumors within an hour of application and could be
easily removed. The symptoms resolved in all cases. The moM-CMC sol could be beneficial for dogs with malignant wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Fukuyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takuya Maruo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuta Nishiyama
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuki Nemoto
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kaho Murayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hideki Kayanuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawarai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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14
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Brooks NA. Treatment of Melanoma Excision Wound With 50% Zinc Chloride Solution Astringent-Mohs Melanoma Surgery Without the Paste. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2020; 13:15-16. [PMID: 32308790 PMCID: PMC7159305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dr. Frederic Mohs believed that surgery can spread a melanoma; to prevent this, he applied an inactive black paste vehicle containing the active ingredient 50% zinc chloride solution to melanomas to kill and fix (i.e., preserve) tissue; this is termed fixed-tissue surgery. A statistically significant, 53-percent, five-year melanoma survival improvement in 103 consecutive cases was reported for fixed-tissue surgery compared to five-year survival for cases treated with conventional surgery (p=0.003). Nine physicians, including the author, contributed to a melanoma registry of 179 cases between 1981 and 1991, and in 64 five-year determinate cases of thin melanomas (<0.85mm), survival was improved by 60 percent with zinc chloride paste simply applied after excision to the open fresh-tissue wound compared to conventional surgery (95.7% five-year survival with zinc chloride applied to the excision wound vs. 88.9% five-year survival with conventional fresh-tissue excision only, hazard ratio 0.37). When applied to an open fresh excision wound in either a solution or paste form, zinc chloride penetrates instantly; the author has found both forms to be equally effective. In solution form, the application technique is simple and similar to the astringent 20% aluminum chloride solution applied with sterile gauze or Q-tip, but the inactive paste vehicle requires special dressings. Additionally, the inactive paste used by Mohs contains stibnite antimony; therefore, it cannot be formulated to USP standards and is not recognized by the FDA as a generally safe substance. However, zinc chloride is recognized by the FDA as a generally safe substance, and the 50% solution can be formulated by a compounding pharmacist to USP standards. 50% zinc chloride solution penetrates deeply and kills tissue and should not be used without previous biopsy confirmation of melanoma or melanoma in situ. The killing of tissue on the melanoma excision wound by the zinc chloride causes the wound to become deeper and wider, and therefore a smaller and thinner excision margin can be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Brooks
- Dr. Brooks is with the Skin Cancer Medical Center in Encino, California
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15
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Parveen M, Aslam A, Nami SAA, Ahmad M. Z-Acrylonitrile Derivatives: Improved Synthesis, X-ray Structure, and Interaction with Human Serum Albumin. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:1149-1160. [PMID: 31984921 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666191008085806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE In the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, acrylonitrile derivatives are the most important and appropriate precursors. These compounds are the most important intermediates and subunits for the enhancement of molecules having pharmaceutical or biological interests. Nitrogen-containing compounds have received extensive consideration in the literature over the years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A facile, economic and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of acrylonitrile derivatives using p-nitrophenylacetonitrile and aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes in the presence of zinc chloride at room temperature. Spectroscopic data were obtained using the following instruments: Fourier transform infrared spectra (KBr discs, 4000-400 cm-1) by Shimadzu IR-408 Perkin-Elmer 1800 instrument; 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra by Bruker Avance-II 400 MHz using DMSO-d6 as a solvent containing TMS as the internal standard. RESULTS To continue our ongoing studies to synthesize heterocyclic and pharmaceutical compounds by mild, facile and efficient protocols, herein we wish to report our experimental results on the synthesis of acrylonitrile derivatives, using various aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes and p-nitrophenylacetonitrile in the presence of zinc chloride in ethanolic media at room temperature. Some of the new compounds were tested for their human serum albumin activity (HSA) while a study of interaction with HSA protein was performed for compounds 3a and 3b. The results show that compound 3b binds tightly to HSA as compared to compound 3a. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that acrylonitrile derivatives can be synthesized by an efficient method via the reaction of p-nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes by the use of zinc chloride as an effective solid catalyst. The remarkable features of this procedure include excellent yields (90-95%), short reaction period (30 min.), moderate reaction environment, easy workup procedure and managing of the catalyst. This method may find a wide significance in organic synthesis for the synthesis of the Z-acrylonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Parveen
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Afroz Aslam
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Shahab A A Nami
- Department of Kulliyat, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Musheer Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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16
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Pavel IZ, Csuk R, Danciu C, Avram S, Baderca F, Cioca A, Moacă EA, Mihali CV, Pinzaru I, Muntean DM, Dehelean CA. Assessment of the Antiangiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Maslinic Acid Derivative and its Potentiation using Zinc Chloride. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112828. [PMID: 31185643 PMCID: PMC6600266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene with a plethora of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and antitumor effects. New derivatives with improved properties and broad-spectrum activity can be obtained following structural changes of the compound. The present study was aimed to characterize a benzylamide derivative of maslinic acid—benzyl (2α, 3β) 2,3-diacetoxy-olean−12-en-28-amide (EM2)—with respect to the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in two in vivo experimental models. Consequently, the compound showed good tolerability and lack of irritation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay with no impairment of the normal angiogenic process during the tested stages of development. In the acute ear inflammation murine model, application of EM2 induced a mild anti-inflammatory effect that was potentiated by the association with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). A decrease in dermal thickness of mice ears was observed when EM2 and ZnCl2 were applied separately or in combination. Moreover, hyalinization of the dermis appeared only when EM2 was associated with ZnCl2, strongly suggesting the role of their combination in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Zinuca Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Rene Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Flavia Baderca
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Andreea Cioca
- Department of Pathology, CFR Clinical Hospital, 13-15, Tudor Vladimirescu, Timişoara 300173, Romania.
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Ciprian-Valentin Mihali
- "George Emil Palade" Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, "Vasile Goldiș" Western University of Arad, 86, Liviu Rebreanu St., Arad 310414, Romania.
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Danina Mirela Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq.,Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2, Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timişoara 300041, Romania.
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17
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Shi YY, Shan R, Yuan HR. [Effects and Mechanisms of Methyl Orange Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Modified Rice Shell Biochar]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:2783-2792. [PMID: 31854671 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201811227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Waste rice shell (RS) was used for modified biochar preparation via different activation methods. The types of modifiers, impregnation ratio, and pyrolysis temperature have significant effects on the characteristics of biochar and the adsorption capacity of methyl orange (MO). The physical and chemical properties of modified biochar and MO adsorption mechanisms were analyzed by N2-adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The results showed that the modified biochar (named Z2RT400) prepared at 400℃ with a mass ratio of 2:1 (ZnCl2:rice shell) had the highest adsorption capacity for MO. Under the following conditions with a solution pH value of 4, adsorbent dosage of 10 mg, initial MO concentration of 2000 mg·L-1, and reaction time of 420 min, the maximum adsorption capacity of Z2RT400 was 1967.72 mg·g-1. When the adsorbent dosage was 80 mg, the maximum removal rate reached 99.52%. The adsorption data fitted well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, which indicates that chemical adsorption is the main adsorption mechanism and physical adsorption is the auxiliary adsorption mechanism. Therefore, the waste rice shell derived biochar can be used as a highly efficient dye adsorbent in applications such as sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Riu Shan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao-Ran Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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18
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Sarasamma S, Audira G, Juniardi S, Sampurna BP, Liang ST, Hao E, Lai YH, Hsiao CD. Zinc Chloride Exposure Inhibits Brain Acetylcholine Levels, Produces Neurotoxic Signatures, and Diminishes Memory and Motor Activities in Adult Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103195. [PMID: 30332818 PMCID: PMC6213992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the acute (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and chronic (21 days) adverse effects induced by low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) exposure in adult zebrafish by using behavioral endpoints like three-dimensional (3D) locomotion, passive avoidance, aggression, circadian rhythm, and predator avoidance tests. Also, brain tissues were dissected and subjected to analysis of multiple parameters related to oxidative stress, antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), neurotoxicity, and neurotransmitters. The results showed that ZnCl2-exposed fishes displayed decreased locomotor behavior and impaired short-term memory, which caused an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-like syndrome. In addition, low concentrations of ZnCl2 induced amyloid beta (amyloid β) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) protein levels in brains. In addition, significant induction in oxidative stress indices (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), reduction in antioxidant defense system (glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) and SOD) and changes in neurotransmitters were observed at low concentrations of ZnCl2. Neurotoxic effects of ZnCl2 were observed with significant inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) activity when the exposure dose was higher than 1 ppm. Furthermore, we found that zinc, metallothionein (MT), and cortisol levels in brain were elevated compared to the control group. A significantly negative correlation was observed between memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In summary, these findings revealed that exposure to ZnCl2 affected the behavior profile of zebrafish, and induced neurotoxicity which may be associated with damaged brain areas related to memory. Moreover, our ZnCl2-induced zebrafish model may have potential for AD-associated research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sarasamma
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Stevhen Juniardi
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Bonifasius Putera Sampurna
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, No. 55 Hwa-Kang Rd, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Chung-Pei Rd., Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Hexachloroethane (HC)/zinc chloride (ZnCl, smoke bomb) exposure in the military setting results in lung injury which is uncommon and has been rarely described in previous studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the serum zinc in patients with HC/ZnCl smoke inhalation lung injury and disease severity. A total of 15 patients with HC/ZnCl-related conditions were recruited in this study. The serum zinc level and the pulmonary function tests and liver function tests including total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory pressure in 1 second (FEV1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were analyzed. Eleven cases had mild clinical manifestations. Four cases rapidly developed features typical of severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. The level of serum zinc was increased, but FVC, FEV1, and TLC was decreased significantly in the moderate and severe cases. In addition, the serum zinc level correlated well with the TLC, FVC, and FEV1 (r = -0.587, -0.626, -0.617, respectively; P = .027, .017, .019, respectively). The 4 cases in moderate and severe group had delayed impairment of liver functions after the accident. This study suggested that the serum zinc level may be associated with the severity of lung and liver injuries after HC/ZnCl smoke inhalation.
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Trivedi MK, Sethi KK, Panda P, Jana S. A comprehensive physicochemical, thermal, and spectroscopic characterization of zinc (II) chloride using X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet-visible, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Int J Pharm Investig 2017; 7:33-40. [PMID: 28405577 PMCID: PMC5370347 DOI: 10.4103/jphi.jphi_2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc chloride is an important inorganic compound used as a source of zinc and has other numerous industrial applications. Unfortunately, it lacks reliable and accurate physicochemical, thermal, and spectral characterization information altogether. Hence, the authors tried to explore in-depth characterization of zinc chloride using the modern analytical technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analysis of zinc chloride was performed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), particle size distribution, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analytical techniques. RESULTS The PXRD patterns showed well-defined, narrow, sharp, and the significant peaks. The crystallite size was found in the range of 14.70-55.40 nm and showed average crystallite size of 41.34 nm. The average particle size was found to be of 1.123 (d10), 3.025 (d50), and 6.712 (d90) μm and average surface area of 2.71 m2/g. The span and relative span values were 5.849 μm and 1.93, respectively. The DSC thermogram showed a small endothermic inflation at 308.10°C with the latent heat (ΔH) of fusion 28.52 J/g. An exothermic reaction was observed at 449.32°C with the ΔH of decomposition 66.10 J/g. The TGA revealed two steps of the thermal degradation and lost 8.207 and 89.72% of weight in the first and second step of degradation, respectively. Similarly, the DTG analysis disclosed Tmax at 508.21°C. The UV-vis spectrum showed absorbance maxima at 197.60 nm (λmax), and FT-IR spectrum showed a peak at 511/cm might be due to the Zn-Cl stretching. CONCLUSIONS These in-depth, comprehensive data would be very much useful in all stages of nutraceuticals/pharmaceuticals formulation research and development and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sethi
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parthasarathi Panda
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Snehasis Jana
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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21
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Zick PL, Geiger DK. Structural characterization of two benzene-1,2-di-amine complexes of zinc chloride: a mol-ecular compound and a co-crystal salt. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:1037-42. [PMID: 27555958 PMCID: PMC4992933 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structures of two zinc complexes containing bidentate benzene-1,2-diamine ligands are reported. (Benzene-1,2-diamine-κ2N,N′)dichloroidozinc displays a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The 1:1 co-crystal salt trans-diaquabis(4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diamine- κ2N,N′)zinc chloride 4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diamine exhibits a tetragonally distorted octahedral zinc coordination sphere. The structures of two zinc complexes containing bidentate benzene-1,2-diamine ligands are reported. (Benzene-1,2-diamine-κ2N,N′)dichloroidozinc, [ZnCl2(C6H8N2)], (I), displays a distorted tetrahedral coordination sphere for the metal cation. The diamine ligand and the Zn atom reside on a crystallographic mirror plane. In the 1:1 co-crystal salt trans-diaquabis(4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diamine-κ2N,N′)zinc chloride–4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diamine (1/1), [Zn(C8H12N2)2(H2O)2]Cl2·2C8H12N2, (II), the zinc(II) complex cation exhibits a tetragonally distorted octahedral coordination sphere. The Zn atom sits on a crystallographically imposed inversion center and the diamine ligands are tilted 30.63 (6)° with respect to the ZnN4 plane. Both complexes exhibit extensive hydrogen bonding. In (I), a stacked-sheet extended structure parallel to (101) is observed. In (II), the co-crystallized diamine is hydrogen-bonded to the complex cation via O—H⋯N and N—H⋯N linkages. These units are in turn linked into planes along (200) by O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Zick
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY-College at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, USA
| | - David K Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY-College at Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454, USA
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Salvaggio A, Marino F, Albano M, Pecoraro R, Camiolo G, Tibullo D, Bramanti V, Lombardo BM, Saccone S, Mazzei V, Brundo MV. Toxic Effects of Zinc Chloride on the Bone Development in Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). Front Physiol 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27199768 PMCID: PMC4850361 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of heavy metals in the environment involves a high exposure of aquatic organisms to these pollutants. The present study is planned to investigate the effects of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) on the bone embryonic development of Danio rerio and confirm the use of zebrafish as a model organism to study the teratogenic potential of this pollutant. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different ZnCl2 concentrations and analyzed by ICP-MS. The skeletal anomalies were evaluated to confocal microscope after staining with calcein solution and RhodZinTM-3,AM. The data show a delay in hatching compared with the controls, malformations in the process of calcification and significant defects in growth. In conclusion, the current work demonstrates for the first time the Zn toxic effects on calcification process and confirm zebrafish (Danio rerio) as suitable alternative vertebrate model to study the causes and the mechanisms of the skeletal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Camiolo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Bianca M Lombardo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Mazzei
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Maria V Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Science, University of Catania Catania, Italy
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Finke AD, Gray DL, Moore JS. Crystal structures of three complexes of zinc chloride with tri-tert-butyl-phosphane. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:35-9. [PMID: 26870580 PMCID: PMC4704762 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015023373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of three complexes of zinc chloride with tri-tert-butylphosphane are reported. Under anhydrous conditions and in the absence of a Lewis-base solvent, a zinc chloride complex with tri-tert-butylphosphane as the μ-bridged dimer is formed, viz. di-μ-chlorido-bis[chloridobis(tri-tert-butylphosphane)zinc], [ZnCl4(C12H27P)2], (1), which features a nearly square-shaped (ZnCl)2 cyclic core and whose Cl atoms interact weakly with C—H groups on the phosphane ligand. In the presence of THF, monomeric dichlorido(tetrahydrofuran-κO)(tri-tert-butylphosphane-κP)zinc, [ZnCl2(C4H8O)(C12H27P)] or [P(tBu3)(THF)ZnCl2], (2), is formed. This slightly distorted tetrahedral Zn complex has weak C—H⋯Cl interactions between the Cl atoms and phosphane and THF C—H groups. Under ambient conditions, the hydrolysed complex tri-tert-butylphosphonium aquatrichloridozincate 1,2-dichloroethane monosolvate, (C12H28P)[ZnCl3(H2O)]·C2H4Cl2 or [HPtBu3]+ [(H2O)ZnCl3]−·C2H4Cl2, (3), is formed. This complex forms chains of [(H2O)ZnCl3]− anions from hydrogen-bonding interactions between the water H atoms and Cl atoms that propagate along the b axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Finke
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Danielle L Gray
- University of Illinois, School of Chemical Sciences, Box 59-1, 505 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- University of Illinois, School of Chemical Sciences, Box 55-5, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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24
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Watson CY, Damiani F, Ram-Mohan S, Rodrigues S, de Moura Queiroz P, Donaghey TC, Rosenblum Lichtenstein JH, Brain JD, Krishnan R, Molina RM. Screening for Chemical Toxicity Using Cryopreserved Precision Cut Lung Slices. Toxicol Sci 2015; 150:225-33. [PMID: 26719368 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess chemical toxicity, current high throughput screening (HTS) assays rely primarily on in vitro measurements using cultured cells. Responses frequently differ from in vivo results due to the lack of physical and humoral interactions provided by the extracellular matrix, cell-cell interactions, and other molecular components of the native organ. To more accurately reproduce organ complexity in HTS, we developed an organotypic assay using the cryopreserved precision cut lung slice (PCLS) from rats and mice. Compared to the never-frozen PCLS, their frozen-thawed counterpart slices showed viability or metabolic activity that is decreased to an extent comparable to that observed in other cryopreserved cells and tissues, but shows no differences in further changes in cell viability, mitochondrial integrity, and glutathione activity in response to the model toxin zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Notably, these measurements were successfully miniaturized so as to establish HTS capacity in a 96-well plate format. Finally, PCLS responses correlated with common markers of lung injury measured in lavage fluid from rats intratracheally instilled with ZnCl2. In summary, we establish that the cryopreserved PCLS is a feasible approach for HTS investigations in predictive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Y Watson
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Flavia Damiani
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Sumati Ram-Mohan
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sylvia Rodrigues
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Priscila de Moura Queiroz
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Thomas C Donaghey
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Jamie H Rosenblum Lichtenstein
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Joseph D Brain
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ramon M Molina
- *Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
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25
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Liao W, Lu Y, Fu J, Ning Z, Yang J, Ren J. Preparation and Characterization of Dictyophora indusiata Polysaccharide-Zinc Complex and Its Augmented Antiproliferative Activity on Human Cancer Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:6525-6534. [PMID: 26155804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide (DP1) was successfully chelated with zinc chloride to achieve its enhanced antiproliferative activity. The obtained DP1-Zn complex showed significant antiproliferative activity (18.1 ± 2.84% viability of MCF-7 cells at 250 μg/mL) on a group of human cancer cell lines through induction of apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic action of DP1-Zn was confirmed by morphological changes including chromatin condensation, DNA breakage, and S phase cell cycle arrest in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). The DP1-Zn-induced apoptotic pathways were characterized by the activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction (305 ± 7.06% production of control at 250 μg/mL). This study suggested that DP1-Zn can be developed as a candidate for cancer treatment and prevention, especially human breast adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Liao
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yunjun Lu
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junning Fu
- §Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengxiang Ning
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiguo Yang
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- †College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China
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26
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Baiomy AA, Attia HF, Soliman MM, Makrum O. Protective effect of ginger and zinc chloride mixture on the liver and kidney alterations induced by malathion toxicity. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:122-8. [PMID: 25816415 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015572083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out on four groups of male Wistar rats, 10 rats per group. Group I got open access to food intake and water with normal balanced diet. Group II was administered 400 mg ginger per kg body weight (BW) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (300 mg/L) diluted in tap water for 4 months. Group III was administered malathion at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW/day in 0.2 mL corn oil via gavages for 4 months. This dose equal to 1/50 of the LD50. Group IV was given a mixture of 400 mg ginger per kg BW and ZnCl2 (300 mg/L) diluted in tap water in addition to 100 mg malathion/kg BW for 4 months. The liver showed histopathological changes include congestion, edema, and leucocytic infiltrations which were ameliorated by the addition of ginger and ZnCl2 mixture. The kidney showed cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration of the renal tubules. These changes were ameliorated by the addition of ginger and ZnCl2 mixture. Ki67 immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm and nuclear membrane. Its expression was estimated as the percentage of cells positively stained by the antibody in the different groups. In conclusion, malathion was toxic to the liver and kidney and must be avoided and protected by the addition of ginger and zinc mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Baiomy
- Medical Laboratories, Department Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Tarabah branch, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam F Attia
- Medical Laboratories, Department Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Tarabah branch, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Soliman
- Medical Laboratories, Department Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Tarabah branch, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Omar Makrum
- Medical Laboratories, Department Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Tarabah branch, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Al-Minufya, Egypt
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27
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Nam G, Park Y, Ji I, Kim B, Lee SH, Kim DY, Kim S, Kim SO, Leem JY. Facile synthesis and enhanced ultraviolet emission of ZnO nanorods prepared by vapor-confined face-to-face annealing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:873-879. [PMID: 25517470 DOI: 10.1021/am507439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel regrowth method of sol-gel-prepared ZnO films using a vapor-confined face-to-face annealing (VC-FTFA) technique in which mica was inserted between two films, followed by annealing with the FTFA method. The ZnO nanorods are regrown when zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) are used as the solvent, because these generate ZnCl2 vapor. The near-band-edge emission intensity of the ZnO nanorods was enhanced through the VC-FTFA method, increasing significantly by a factor of 56 compared to that of ZnO films annealed in open air at 700 °C. Our method may provide a route toward the facile fabrication of ZnO nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giwoong Nam
- Department of Nanoscience & Engineering, Inje University , 197, Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 621-749, Republic of Korea
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28
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Wey A, Cunningham C, Hreha J, Breitbart E, Cottrell J, Ippolito J, Clark D, Lin HN, Benevenia J, O'Connor JP, Lin SS, Paglia DN. Local ZnCl2 accelerates fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:834-41. [PMID: 24574139 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of local zinc chloride (ZnCl2 ), an insulin mimetic agent, upon the early and late parameters of fracture healing in rats using a standard femur fracture model. Mechanical testing, radiographic scoring, histomorphometry, qualitative histological scoring, PCNA immunohistochemistry, and local growth factor analysis were performed. Fractures treated with local ZnCl2 possessed significantly increased mechanical properties compared to controls at 4 weeks post fracture. The radiographic scoring analysis showed increased cortical bridging at 4 weeks in the 1.0 (p=0.0015) and 3.0 (p<0.0001) mg/kg ZnCl2 treated groups. Histomorphometry of the fracture callus at day 7 showed 177% increase (p=0.036) in percent cartilage and 133% increase (p=0.002) in percent mineralized tissue with local ZnCl2 treatment compared to controls. Qualitative histological scoring showed a 2.1× higher value at day 7 in the ZnCl2 treated group compared to control (p = 0.004). Cell proliferation and growth factors, VEGF and IGF-I, within fracture calluses treated with local ZnCl2 were increased at day 7. The results suggest local administration of ZnCl2 increases cell proliferation, causing increased growth factor production which yields improved chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification. Ultimately, these events lead to accelerated fracture healing as early as 4 weeks post fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Wey
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Orthopaedics, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 7300, Newark, New Jersey, 07103
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29
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Tlais SF, Dudley GB. On the proposed structures and stereocontrolled synthesis of the cephalosporolides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1287-92. [PMID: 23019461 PMCID: PMC3458751 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four candidate stereoisomers of cephalosporolide H is described, made possible by a zinc-chelation strategy for controlling the stereochemistry of oxygenated 5,5-spiroketals. The same strategy likewise enables the first stereocontrolled synthesis of cephalosporolide E, which is typically isolated and prepared admixed with its spiroketal epimer, cephalosporolide F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami F Tlais
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390 USA
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30
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Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate zinc toxicity to aminergic system in different areas of the brain of male albino rat, Rattus norvegicus. Zinc toxicity, evaluated as per Probit method was found to be 500 mg/kg body weight. For acute-dose studies, rats were given a single lethal dose of zinc chloride for one day only and for chronic-dose studies, the rats were administered with sub-lethal doses (1/10th of lethal dose) of zinc chloride every day for 90 days continuously. Various constituents of the aminergic system viz. dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine and the catabolizing enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO) were determined in different regions of rat brain such as olfactory lobe, hippocampus, cerebellum, and pons-medulla on selected time intervals/days under acute and chronic treatment with zinc. The results revealed that while the levels of all aminergic neurotransmitters were elevated differentially in the above mentioned areas of brain, MAO activity registered nonsignificant inhibition in all brain regions under zinc toxicity. All these changes in the aminergic system were subsequently manifested in the behavior of rat exhibiting the symptoms of mild tremors, reduced locomotor activity and emotions, restlessness followed by lacrymation, salivation, etc. From these observations, it was obvious that zinc treatment caused severe perturbations in the functions of the nervous system. Restoration of the aminergic system along with behavior to the near normal levels under chronic treatment indicates the onset of detoxification mechanisms or development of tolerance to zinc toxicity in the animal which was not probably so efficient under acute treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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31
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Amarasekara AS, Ebede CC. Zinc chloride mediated degradation of cellulose at 200 degrees C and identification of the products. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:5301-4. [PMID: 19540751 PMCID: PMC2821469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ZnCl(2) on the degradation of cellulose was studied to develop conditions to produce useful feedstock chemicals directly from cellulosic biomass. Cellulose containing 0.5 mol of ZnCl(2)/mol of glucose unit of cellulose was found to degrade at 200 degrees C when heated for more than 60 s in air. The major non-gaseous products of the degradation were identified as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid. The maximum yields for furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are 8% and 9%, respectively, based on glucose unit of cellulose. These yields are reached after 150 s of heating at 200 degrees C. A cellulose sample containing 0.5 mol of ZnCl(2)/mol of glucose unit of cellulose and 5.6 equivalents of water when heated for 150 s at 200 degrees C produced levulinic acid as the only product in 6% yield. The ZnCl(2) mediated controlled degradation of cellulose at 200 degrees C is shown to produce useful feedstock chemicals in low yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA.
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32
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Dedova T, Volobujeva O, Klauson J, Mere A, Krunks M. ZnO Nanorods via Spray Deposition of Solutions Containing Zinc Chloride and Thiocarbamide. Nanoscale Res Lett 2007; 2:391-6. [PMID: 21794191 PMCID: PMC3246384 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-007-9072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present the results on formation of ZnO nanorods prepared by spray of aqueous solutions containing ZnCl2and thiocarbamide (tu) at different molar ratios. It has been observed that addition of thiocarbamide into the spray solution has great impact on the size, shape and phase composition of the ZnO crystals. Obtained layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy selected backscattered electron detection system (ESB), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Small addition of thiocarbamide into ZnCl2solution (ZnCl2:tu = 1:0.25) supports development of significantly thinner ZnO nanorods with higher aspect ratio compared to those obtained from ZnCl2solution. Diameter of ZnO rods decreases from 270 to 100 nm and aspect ratio increases from ∼2.5 to 12 spraying ZnCl2and ZnCl2:tu solutions, respectively. According to XRD, well crystallized (002) orientated pure wurtzite ZnO crystals have been formed. However, tiny 'spot'-like formations of ZnS were detected on the side planes of hexagonal rods prepared from the thiocarbamide containing solutions. Being adsorbed on the side facets of the crystals ZnS inhibits width growth and promotes longitudinalc-axis growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Dedova
- Department of Materials Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia.
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33
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Hashmi S, Krusberg LR. Factors Influencing Emergence of Juveniles from Cysts of Heterodera zeae. J Nematol 1995; 27:362-369. [PMID: 19277300 PMCID: PMC2619630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors were studied to determine their effects on hatch and emergence of second-stage juveniles (J2) from cysts of Heterodera zeae. The optimum temperature for emergence of J2 from cysts of H. zeae was 30 C. No juveniles emerged from cysts at 10 or 40 C. Immersion of cysts in 4 mM zinc chloride solution stimulated 10% greater emergence of J2 than occurred in tap water controls during 28 days. Fresh corn rhizosphere leachates from 25-day and older plants growing in sand or sandy field soil stimulated 22-24% greater emergence of J2 from cysts than occurred in tap water after 28 days. Rhizosphere leachates stored for 30 days at 4 C and leachates of sand, sandy field soil, and silty field soil inhibited emergence of J2 from cysts by 7-12% compared to tap water. Rhizosphere leachates from corn plants aged 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 days growing in sandy field soil stimulated emergence of J2 from cysts. Similar numbers of J2 emerged from cysts regardless of whether the source of cysts was field microplot cultures, greenhouse cultures, or growth chamber cultures. Fertilizing growth chamber cultures of H. zeae on corn plants resulted in a doubling of the numbers of cysts produced in the cultures, and those cysts yielded 2-3 times as many emerged J2 in hatching tests compared to cysts from similar unfertilized cultures.
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34
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Menzel ER. Pretreatment of Latent Prints for Laser Development. Forensic Sci Rev 1989; 1:43-66. [PMID: 26266524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The pretreatment procedures for laser detection of latent fingerprints is reviewed. The general features of laser detection and the operational aspects of the examination of physical evidence for laser fingerprint detection are enumerated in the initial sections. The literature review is divided into various pretreatment approaches. Cited studies prior to 1981 are primarily concerned with the demonstration of the viability of laser fingerprint detection, whereas work post-1981 addresses issues of compatibility with the traditional methods of fingerprint development, examination of difficult surfaces, and the routine implementation of laser detection by law enforcement agencies. Related topics of research, review articles, conference reports, case examinations, the research support climate, and future trends are also briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Menzel
- Center for Forensic Studies, Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, TX, USA
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35
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Tefft PM, Bone LW. Plant-Induced Hatching of Eggs of the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines. J Nematol 1985; 17:275-279. [PMID: 19294094 PMCID: PMC2618472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Root diffusate from soybean plants caused greater hatching of Heterodera glycines eggs during vegetative growth of the host, but the activity declined with plant senescence. Chelation of the root diffusate with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) significantly increased hatching activity for H. glycines eggs. Diffusate from leafless plants caused little hatching, whereas treatment of intact plants with the growth regulators gibberellin and kinetin had no effect on the hatching activity of root diffusate. Treating H. glycines eggs with zinc chloride and root diffusate reduced egg hatching from zinc chloride alone. Levels of zinc in the root diffusate were insufficient to induce egg hatch, based on analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The enzymatic activity of leucine aminopeptidase in H. glycines eggs was not altered by treatment with chelated or nonchelated root diffusate.
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36
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Steele AE. Effects of Selected Nematicides on Hatching of Heterodera schachtii. J Nematol 1983; 15:467-473. [PMID: 19295835 PMCID: PMC2618304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldicarb, carbofuran, fensulfothion, and phenamiphos were tested in concentrations of 1-100 mug/ml for their effects on hatching of Heterodera schachtii. Exposure of cysts to 1 mug aldicarb or carbofuran/ml stimulated hatch whereas phenamiphos and, to a lesser degree, fensulfothion inhibited hatch. Addition of aldicarb to sugarbeet root diffusate or 4 mM zinc chloride suppressed activities of these hatching agents. Transfer of cysts previously treated with aldicarb or carbofuran to zinc chloride or water rapidly initiated hatch which finally exceeded the hatch from cysts not treated with the nematicides.
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37
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Steele AE, Toxopeus H, Heijbroek W. A Comparison of the Hatching of Juveniles from Cysts of Heterodera schachtii and H. trifolii. J Nematol 1982; 14:588-592. [PMID: 19295758 PMCID: PMC2618232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of root diffusates of selected plants within the families Chenopodiaceae and Cruciferae and the hatching agent zinc chloride were tested for their effects on hatching and emergence of juveniles from cysts of Heterodera schachtii and a race of H. trifolii parasitic on Chenopodaceae and Cruciferae in The Netherlands. Although all diffusates strongly stimulated hatching of juveniles of H. schachtii, their effects on H. trifolii were less evident.
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