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Mangino JE, Firstenberg MS, Milewski RK, Rhys-Williams W, Lees JP, Dane A, Love WG, Gonzalez Moreno J. Exeporfinium chloride (XF-73) nasal gel dosed over 24 hours prior to surgery significantly reduced Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in cardiac surgery patients: Safety and efficacy results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:1171-1173. [PMID: 36951472 PMCID: PMC10369221 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
We studied 83 cardiac-surgery patients with nasal S. aureus carriage who received 4 intranasal administrations of XF-73 nasal gel or placebo <24 hours before surgery. One hour before surgery, patients exhibited a S. aureus nasal carriage reduction of 2.5 log10 with XF-73 compared to 0.4 log10 CFU/mL for those who received placebo (95% CI, -2.7 to -1.5; P < .0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Mangino
- Division of Infection Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Rita K.C. Milewski
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | | | | | - Aaron Dane
- Danestat Consulting Ltd, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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2
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Chambrier I, Russell DA, Brundish DE, Love WG, Jori G, Magaraggia M, Cook MJ. Porphyrin self-assembled monolayers and photodynamic oxidation of tryptophan. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The zinc and magnesium metalated derivatives of 5,5′-[12,12′-di(thiododecyloxy)-4,4′-phenyl)]-10,10′,15,15′,20,20′-hexakis(3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexakisdecyloxyphenyl)diporphyrin, 1b and 1c, have been synthesised and deposited to form self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films on the surface of gold-coated glass substrates. The SAM films have been characterized by RAIR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The potential for the porphyrin films to catalyze the oxidation of tryptophan within human serum albumin upon irradiation with white light has been demonstrated and attributed to the porphyrins acting as photosensitizers of oxygen to form oxidizing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Chambrier
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David A. Russell
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Derek E. Brundish
- Destiny Pharma Ltd., Sussex Innovation Center, Science Park Square, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9SB, UK
| | - William G. Love
- Destiny Pharma Ltd., Sussex Innovation Center, Science Park Square, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9SB, UK
| | - Giulio Jori
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Trieste 75, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Magaraggia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Trieste 75, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Michael J. Cook
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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3
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Vaudaux P, Huggler E, Rhys-Williams W, Love WG, Lew DP. Extracellular and intracellular bactericidal activities of XF-70 against small-colony variant hemB mutants of meticillin-susceptible and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 37:576-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Love WG, Farr S, Kellaway IW, Williams BD. Gamma Scintigraphic Study of Accumulation of 99M Technetium Radio Labelled Liposomes Within Inflammatory Tissue. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W G Love
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.C.C., Cardiff
| | - S Farr
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.C.C., Cardiff
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Seale L, Love WG, Williams BD, Kellaway IW. The Effect of Molecular Mass of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on its Accumulation in Inflammatory Tissue in the Rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Seale
- Pharmaceutics Department, Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.C.C., Cardiff
| | - W G Love
- Pharmaceutics Department, Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.C.C., Cardiff
| | - B D Williams
- Rheumatology Research Department, U.W.C.M., Cardiff
| | - I W Kellaway
- Pharmaceutics Department, Welsh School of Pharmacy, U.W.C.C., Cardiff
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Abstract
Abstract
125I-Labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone ([125I]PVP) of a range of molecular weights (mol. wt 10, 40 and 360 kDa) was injected i.v. into adjuvant-induced arthritic and normal rats and the blood clearance and tissue distribution of the polymers determined. The half-life of PVP in the circulation increased with increasing mol. wt; 10, 40 and 360 kDa polymers had mean terminal half-lives of 2·2, 6·9 and 16·4 h, respectively. Tissue uptake was also found to be mol. wt dependent, the largest PVP molecule accumulating to a greater extent in the spleen, liver, lungs and paws in both normal and arthritic rats (P < 0·01) than the two lower mol. wt polymers. Accumulation of the polymer in inflamed paws (g tissue)−1 greatly exceeded that of normal paws (P < 0·01). This difference was particularly noticeable with 360 kDa PVP, where arthritic paws amassed 7 times more PVP than normal paws.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Seale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK
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7
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Farrell DJ, Robbins M, Rhys-Williams W, Love WG. In vitro activity of XF-73, a novel antibacterial agent, against antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 35:531-6. [PMID: 20346634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of XF-73, a dicationic porphyrin drug, was investigated against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with known antibiotic resistance profiles, including resistance to cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitors as well as cell membrane-active antibiotics. Antibiotic-sensitive strains for each of the bacterial species tested were also included for comparison purposes. XF-73 was active [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.25-4 mg/L] against all of the Gram-positive bacteria tested, irrespective of the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates, suggesting that the mechanism of action of XF-73 is unique compared with the major antibiotic classes. Gram-negative activity was lower (MIC 1 mg/L to > 64 mg/L). Minimum bactericidal concentration data confirmed that the activity of XF-73 was bactericidal. Time-kill kinetics against healthcare-associated and community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates demonstrated that XF-73 was rapidly bactericidal, with > 5 log(10) kill obtained after 15 min at 2 x MIC, the earliest time point sampled. The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) for XF-73 under conditions where the PAE for vancomycin was < 0.4h was found to be > 5.4 h. XF-73 represents a novel broad-spectrum Gram-positive antibacterial drug with potentially beneficial characteristics for the treatment and prevention of Gram-positive bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Farrell
- Quotient Bioresearch Ltd., Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire CB75WW, UK
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Love WG, van der Zanden BCH, Taylor PW. Formulation of a Zinc(II)-Phthalocyanine-Containing Topical Gel for Photodynamic Therapy of Hyperproliferative Skin Conditions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049709150772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Merolli A, Bosetti M, Giannotta L, Lloyd AW, Denyer SP, Rhys-Williams W, Love WG, Gabbi C, Cacchioli A, Leali PT, Cannas M, Santin M. In vivo assessment of the osteointegrative potential of phosphatidylserine-based coatings. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2006; 17:789-94. [PMID: 16932859 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-9836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The successful implantation of titanium-based implants for orthopaedic and dental applications is often hindered because of their mobility, which arises because of a lack of direct binding of the metal surface to the mineral phase of the surrounding bone. Ceramic coatings, although ensuring the integration of the implant within the tissue, are unstable and carry risks of delamination and of failure. Recently, a novel biomimetic approach has been developed where porous titanium implants are coated with calcium-binding phospholipids able to catalyse the nucleation of discrete apatite crystals after only 30 min incubation in simulated body fluids. The present work assesses the osteointegrative potential of this new class of coatings in an in vivo rabbit model and compares its performance with those of bare porous titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium. The data obtained show that phosphatidylserine-based coatings, whilst resorbing, drive the growing bone into apposition with the metal surface. This is in contrast to the case of bare titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merolli
- Universita' Cattolica, Clinica Ortopedica, Rome, Italy.
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Santin M, Rhys-Williams W, O'Reilly J, Davies MC, Shakesheff K, Love WG, Lloyd AW, Denyer SP. Calcium-binding phospholipids as a coating material for implant osteointegration. J R Soc Interface 2006; 3:277-81. [PMID: 16849237 PMCID: PMC1578739 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2005.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many biomolecules involved in the bone mineralization processes, anionic phospholipids play an important role because of their ability to bind calcium. In particular, phosphatidylserine is a natural component of the plasmalemma and of the matrix vesicles generated from the osteoblast membrane to create nucleation centres for calcium phosphate crystal precipitation. In the present work, we demonstrate that calcium-binding phospholipids can be used as biomimetic coating materials for improving the osteointegration of metal implants. Relatively thick phosphatidylserine-based coatings were deposited on titanium coupons by dip-coating. Upon dehydration in a simulated body fluid phospholipids were quickly crosslinked by calcium and re-arranged into a three-dimensional matrix able to induce rapid formation of a calcium phosphate mineral phase. The rate of mineralization was shown to be dependent on the adopted coating formulation. In the attempt to closely mimic the cell membrane composition, heterogeneous formulations based on the mixing of anionic phospholipids (either phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol) with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol were synthesized. However, surface plasmon resonance studies as well as scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis demonstrated that the homogeneous phosphatidylserine coating was a more effective calcification environment than the heterogeneous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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11
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Brundish DE, Love WG. Photodynamic therapy comes of age. IDrugs 2000; 3:1487-508. [PMID: 16037859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The concept underlying photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the use of light-absorbing molecules which, when delivered to target cells, and activated by irradiation with light of the appropriate wavelength, produce reactive oxygen species that cause cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. Classically, photodynamic agents have been macrocycles and, as such, application is limited to topical and intravenous administration. In the latter case, reliance has been placed on the characteristic behavior of the photodynamic agents in showing some degree of selectivity for concentrating in the target to minimize non-specific damage to the host tissue. The parameters open to development of improved drugs are: (i) the design of the photodynamic agent molecule as a means of determining the wavelength of light for activation, and for influencing physicochemical characteristics and the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug; (ii) the delay between administration and activation; (iii) the nature of the activating light source; and, (iv) the duration and intensity of the activating light. Obviously, PDT is attractive for treating disease states in which natural apoptotic mechanisms are compromised, specifically for cancerous states and in cases of uncontrolled cell proliferation. PDT also has immunomodulatory sequelae, including triggering of T-cell mediated activity against residual cancerous cells. The use of PDT is being extended to diverse, related immune and proliferative disease states, and to the inactivation of bacteria and viruses. Increasingly, attention is being given to improving treatment by targeting conjugates and local delivery strategies, as well as by the design of photodynamic agents with closely defined photophysical and physicochemical properties. Progress is being made in challenging indications, such as the treatment of solid and pigmented tumors. Alternative technologies not involving light activation are available for some molecules which may also be used with light activation. Some ex vivo techniques and medical devices have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Brundish
- Destiny Pharma Ltd, The Sussex Innovation Centre, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9SB, England.
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12
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Love WG, Duk S, Biolo R, Jori G, Taylor PW. Liposome-mediated delivery of photosensitizers: localization of zinc (II)-phthalocyanine within implanted tumors after intravenous administration. Photochem Photobiol 1996; 63:656-61. [PMID: 8628757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb05670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CGP55847, liposomal zinc(II)-phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc), was administered by the intravenous route to Swiss mice bearing intramuscularly implanted Ehrlich carcinomas or to C57/BL6 mice bearing subcutaneously implanted B16 melanomas. Tumors were removed 3 h or 24 h after dosing the intratumoral distribution determined by fluorescence microscopy. Localization of the photosensitizer occurred more rapidly in the Ehrlich carcinoma than in the B16 melanoma; this difference in photosensitizer uptake may be related to a higher degree of vascularization of the carcinoma. The photosensitizer was found in association with blood vessels at 3 h but not 24 h after dosing and appeared to have a greater affinity for areas of tissue necrosis within the tumor compared to viable tumor tissue. Little or no Zn-Pc was detected in the muscle tissue invaded by the Ehrlich carcinoma and was associated with the membranes and the cytosol, but not the nucleus, of cells in both tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Love
- Ciba Pharmaceuticals, Horsham, West Sussex, UK
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13
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Arellano HF, Brieva FA, Love WG. In-medium full-folding optical model for nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:301-315. [PMID: 9970509 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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14
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Camilleri JP, Williams AS, Amos N, Douglas-Jones AG, Love WG, Williams BD. Methods for assessing splenic macrophage depletion by liposome encapsulated clodronate. Inflamm Res 1995; 44:152-7. [PMID: 7670932 DOI: 10.1007/bf01782812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Small unilamellar vesicles containing clodronate (SUVc) injected intravenously will deplete splenic macrophages and the degree of histological depletion can be assessed by determining the clearance and uptake of monoclonal antibody coated erythrocytes. Splenic Fc dependent clearance, assessed in decomplemented animals, provides a more sensitive index of the effects of large multilamellar liposome encapsulated clodronate (MLVc) and SUVc than does the clearance of complement coated erythrocytes on macrophage depletion in the spleen. MLVc were more efficient than SUVc in inducing a reduction in the number of red pulp macrophages within the spleen. Receptor specific red cell uptake in the spleen could be used as an alternative to histology when assessing splenic macrophage depletion. Encapsulation of clodronate is crucial to its depleting effect since the free drug in saline does not change splenic macrophage number or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Camilleri
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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Camilleri JP, Williams AS, Amos N, Douglas-Jones AG, Love WG, Williams BD. The effect of free and liposome-encapsulated clodronate on the hepatic mononuclear phagocyte system in the rat. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 99:269-75. [PMID: 7851021 PMCID: PMC1534290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb05544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clodronate, encapsulated within small unilamellar vesicles (SUVc) will deplete hepatic macrophages after intravenous injection. Functional studies, using probes to evaluate hepatic Fc and C3b uptake, showed a close correlation between the inhibition of receptor-mediated uptake and the depletion of hepatic macrophages. Twenty milligrams of clodronate encapsulated within SUVc produced > or = 90% inhibition of uptake and clearance of Fc- and C3b-coated erythrocytes and a comparable reduction of hepatic macrophage numbers. Inhibition of macrophage receptor-mediated uptake of these erythrocytes was closely related to the reduction in macrophage numbers. Repopulation of macrophages within the liver took place over 2 weeks. At 1 week after depletion, although repopulation was taking place, receptor-mediated function remained suppressed. In a preliminary experiment, treatment of rats with adjuvant arthritis with 20 mg clodronate encapsulated in SUV suppressed the inflammation and reversed the course of the disease, while treatment with 20 mg free clodronate in saline or 20 mg clodronate in multilamellar vesicles (MLVc) did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Camilleri
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Arellano HF, Brieva FA, Love WG. Deuteron effects in nucleon-nucleus scattering at intermediate energies. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 50:2480-2489. [PMID: 9969937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
We have studied the interaction of small unilamellar liposomes containing zinc(II)-phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc) with human plasma lipoproteins. High-, low- and very low-density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL and VLDL), were purified from plasma and combined in amounts reflecting their natural abundance in plasma. After short periods of incubation at 37 degrees C, the bulk of Zn-Pc was incorporated into HDL and LDL; very little 14C-labelled palmitoyl oleoyl phosphocholine, the most abundant phospholipid in the formulation, was associated with lipoproteins. When liposomes were incubated in pooled plasma, 73%-85% of Zn-Pc and 27%-34% of radiolabelled phospholipid were recovered with HDL and LDL, indicating a possible role for plasma lipid transfer proteins in the incorporation of phospholipid into lipoproteins. Some Zn-Pc was also found in association with VLDL. The buoyant density of Zn-Pc liposomes increased in a dose-dependent fashion when the particles were incubated with plasma, and it is suggested that this was due, at least in part, to opsonization of liposomes by plasma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Rensen
- Exploratory Liposome Technology, CIBA-Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Horsham, West Sussex, UK
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18
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Austin SM, Anantaraman N, Love WG. Charge exchange reactions and the efficiency of solar neutrino detectors. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 73:30-33. [PMID: 10056712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Versluis AJ, Rensen PC, Kuipers ME, Love WG, Taylor PW. Interaction between zinc(II)-phthalocyanine-containing liposomes and human low density lipoprotein. J Photochem Photobiol B 1994; 23:141-8. [PMID: 8040754 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(94)06998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) and small unilamellar liposomes containing the photosensitiser zinc(II)-phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc) was studied in vitro to determine if Zn-Pc could be directly incorporated into the lipoprotein in the absence of other serum components. Incubation of LDL with increasing concentrations of liposomes resulted in a progressive increase in the net negative charge of LDL as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and both Zn-Pc and liposomal phospholipid were incorporated into the modified LDL particles. Gel chromatography experiments indicated an increase in the molecular mass of modified LDL and immunoaffinity chromatography provided evidence that apoprotein B epitopes on modified LDL were unable to bind to antibody. The study indicated that the liposomal components could be selectively incorporated into LDL by a process that did not appear to involve either aggregation or fusion of particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Versluis
- Exploratory Liposome Technology, CIBA-Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Horsham, West Sussex, UK
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Satchler GR, Love WG. Comment on "Elastic scattering of 318 MeV 6Li from 12C and 28Si: Unique phenomenological and folding-model potentials" and the validity of the M3Y effective interaction. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:2254-2257. [PMID: 9969463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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21
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Alvarez C, Brieva FA, Love WG, Nakayama K. Validity of the quasiparticle approximation in nuclear matter. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 46:565-570. [PMID: 9968151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.46.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
Clodronate (dichloromethylene bisphosphonate) encapsulated within liposomes and administered intravenously eliminates resident macrophages within the liver and spleen. Macrophage depletion in the rat requires 20 mg of the encapsulated drug, and so far this has only been achieved using large multilamellar vesicles (MLV). Recent studies have shown that small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) when injected intravenously accumulate at inflamed joint sites in both animal models of arthritis and patients with rheumatoid arthritis; multilamellar vesicles were not able to do so. If phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, are responsible for SUV sequestration, then SUV containing clodronate may be targeted to the inflamed joint and may eliminate the macrophage population leading to reduction in the state of inflammation. We have adapted an existing technique to radiolabel clodronate with 99mTechnetium to use as a tracer to determine its encapsulation within liposomes, a technique that has advantages over other current methods. We have achieved a high-encapsulation efficiency of the drug within MLV and produced SUV containing sufficient clodronate to deplete macrophages in rats in a small enough volume to administer it intravenously as a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Love
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, Great Britain
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23
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Arellano HF, Love WG. Coulomb-exchange contribution to proton-nucleus scattering. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 45:759-763. [PMID: 9967811 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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24
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Arellano HF, Love WG, Brieva FA. Starting energy dependence of elastic scattering observables in a full-folding model. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 43:2734-2741. [PMID: 9967337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.43.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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25
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Arellano HF, Brieva FA, Love WG, Nakayama K. Comparison of nucleon-nucleon potential models in a full-folding description of elastic scattering. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 43:1875-1880. [PMID: 9967238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.43.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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26
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Brieva FA, Love WG. Nonlocal couplings, off-shell effects, and the nuclear response. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:2573-2583. [PMID: 9967008 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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27
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Arellano HF, Brieva FA, Love WG. Erratum: Nonrelativistic full-folding model of nucleon elastic scattering at intermediate energies. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:1782. [PMID: 9966915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Arellano HF, Brieva FA, Love WG. Role of nuclear densities in nucleon elastic scattering. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:652-658. [PMID: 9966752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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29
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Love WG, Amos N, Kellaway IW, Williams BD. Specific accumulation of cholesterol-rich liposomes in the inflammatory tissue of rats with adjuvant arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49:611-4. [PMID: 2396866 PMCID: PMC1004175 DOI: 10.1136/ard.49.8.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography has shown that after intravenous injection cholesterol-poor liposomes (100 nm) are unstable and their phospholipid is redistributed. Under identical conditions cholesterol-rich liposomes remain structurally intact within the circulation. When injected intravenously cholesterol-rich liposomes accumulate within the inflamed paws of rats with adjuvant induced arthritis to the same extent as cholesterol-poor liposomes. Uptake in inflamed tissue of three cholesterol-rich liposome preparations was always significantly greater than the uptake noted in normal tissue. The degree of accumulation in inflamed tissue was found to depend on the size of the liposome, with the greatest uptake, 7% of the injected dose, achieved by the smallest vesicle (100 nm). These results indicate that intact liposomes accumulate at inflamed joint tissue sites. Therefore the passive targeting of anti-inflammatory drugs encapsulated within these liposomes could be contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Love
- Pharmacy Department, University of Wales College Cardiff
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30
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Arellano HF, Brieva FA, Love WG. Nonrelativistic full-folding model of nucleon elastic scattering at intermediate energies. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 41:2188-2201. [PMID: 9966582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.41.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Abstract
Two techniques have been studied for their suitability for the analysis of the stability of liposomes: (1) High Performance Gel Permeation Liquid Chromatography (HPGPLC), a TSK G5000PW Ultrogel column; (2) Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), a Sepharose 4B column. The stability of dual radio-labelled, cholesterol-poor and cholesterol-rich, negatively charged liposomes in vitro (in saline and in serum), and in vivo, have been investigated using these two techniques. The HPGPLC TSK G5000PW column proved to be the superior technique for the analysis of liposome stability with the advantages of rapid run times, increased sample recovery, and smaller sample volumes were required. The results obtained confirm that inclusion of a high ratio of cholesterol into the liposome structure prevents phospholipid loss when exposed to serum, and that the cholesterol-poor liposome structure is dramatically altered under the same conditions. In conclusion, the TSK G5000PW column is ideal for monitoring movement of phospholipid between liposomes and serum proteins and for detecting changes in liposome size.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Love
- Pharmacy Department, University of Wales College Cardiff (UWCC)
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32
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Baker FT, Bimbot L, Fergerson RW, Glashausser C, Green A, Jones K, Love WG, Nanda S. Spin dipole and quadrupole resonances in 40Ca. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1989; 40:1877-1886. [PMID: 9966184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.40.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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33
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Arellano HF, Brieva FA, Love WG. Full-folding-model description of elastic scattering at intermediate energies. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 63:605-608. [PMID: 10041125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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34
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Brady FP, Ford TD, Romero JL, Castaneda CM, Drummond JR, Hjort EL, King NS, McEachern B, Sorenson DS, Aung Z, Klein A, Love WG, Wambach JK. Gamow-Teller and spin-dipole strength in 90Zr(n,p) at 65 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1989; 40:475-478. [PMID: 9966003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.40.r475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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35
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Rapaport J, Lisowski PW, Ullmann JL, Byrd RC, Carey TA, McClelland JB, Rybarcyk LJ, Taddeucci TN, Haight RC, King NS, Morgan GL, Clark DA, Ciskowski DE, Lind DA, Smythe R, Zafiratos CD, Prout D, Sugarbaker ER, Marchlenski D, Alford WP, Love WG. Fermi and Gamow-Teller strength in p-shell nuclei from (p,n) reactions at 492 and 590 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1989; 39:1929-1934. [PMID: 9955417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.39.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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36
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Kelly JJ, Bertozzi W, Buti TN, Finn JM, Hersman FW, Hyde-Wright C, Hynes MV, Kovash MA, Murdock B, Norum BE, Pugh B, Rad FN, Bacher AD, Emery GT, Foster CC, Jones WP, Miller DW, Berman BL, Love WG, Carr JA, Petrovich F. Density dependence in the two-nucleon effective interaction at 135 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1989; 39:1222-1241. [PMID: 9955328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.39.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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37
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Love WG, Amos N, Kellaway IW, Williams BD. Specific accumulation of technetium-99m radiolabelled, negative liposomes in the inflamed paws of rats with adjuvant induced arthritis: effect of liposome size. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48:143-8. [PMID: 2930265 PMCID: PMC1003702 DOI: 10.1136/ard.48.2.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Technetium-99m labelled, negatively charged liposomes accumulate in the inflamed tissue of rats with adjuvant induced arthritis. Up to 10 times more liposome accumulation was seen in inflamed paws than in paws of control rats, and this represented 5.3% of the injected liposome dose. The accumulation of liposomes in inflamed tissue was directly related to the liposome size, the maximal accumulation occurring with liposomes less than 100 nm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Love
- Pharmacy Department, University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology, Cardiff
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Abstract
Using liposomes radiolabelled by the 99mTechnetium-stannous chloride technique we have investigated the effect of surface charge on the stability of the isotope in vitro and in vivo. Dialysis of 99mTc-labelled positive, negative and neutral liposomes, which had been incubated in either saline or normal rat serum showed no significant loss of the isotope from the liposome surface with only 2 per cent of the isotope dialysed. A comparison of gel chromatography with dialysis confirmed that most of the isotope remained attached to the liposome surface, but it did reveal greater loss of the isotope, between 15 and 23 per cent. The liposome clearance rates obtained from 125I-egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and 99mTc dual-labelled positive or neutral liposomes were significantly different. The 99mTc marker was cleared five times faster from the positive liposomes and twice as fast from the neutral liposomes as the 125I-EPC integral membrane marker. The 99mTc attached to liposomes with a negative surface charge was stable in vivo and had the same clearance rate from the circulation as the 125I-EPC marker. These results indicate that the commonly used in vitro techniques for assessing liposome radiolabel stability are unsuitable for predicting the stability of the 99mTc in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Love
- Rheumatology Department, University of Wales College of Medicine (UWCM), Cardiff
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39
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Nakayama K, Love WG. Effective interaction for nucleon-nucleus scattering based on a one-boson-exchange model. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1988; 38:51-73. [PMID: 9954781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.38.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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40
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Love WG, Nakayama K, Franey MA. Isovector couplings for nucleon charge-exchange reactions at intermediate energies. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:1401-1404. [PMID: 10035225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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41
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Klein A, Love WG. Polarization transfer and the spin-parity composition of the charge-exchange continuum. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1986; 33:1920-1930. [PMID: 9953372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.33.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Klein A, Love WG, Franey MA. Antinucleon charge-exchange reaction as a probe of longitudinal spin excitations. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:700-703. [PMID: 10033262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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43
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Nakayama K, Krewald S, Speth J, Love WG. Energy and density dependence of the isovector tensor interaction. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1985; 31:2307-2309. [PMID: 9952794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.31.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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44
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Klein A, Love WG, Auerbach N. Continuum charge-exchange spectra and the quenching of Gamow-Teller strength. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1985; 31:710-712. [PMID: 9952581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.31.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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45
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Franey MA, Love WG. Nucleon-nucleon t-matrix interaction for scattering at intermediate energies. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1985; 31:488-498. [PMID: 9952545 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.31.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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46
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Thompson RE, Love WG. Persistent cervical thymus, apparent only with crying. Am J Dis Child 1972; 124:762-3. [PMID: 5085488 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110170140024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Love WG, Pemberton LB. A normal abdominal cavity in gastroschisis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1972; 135:61-4. [PMID: 4260691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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