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De Silva S, Bernett C, Meaklim J, Abeywardane E, Reichman SM. Probing the effects of different lead compounds on the bioavailability of lead to plants. Chemosphere 2019; 230:24-28. [PMID: 31102868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an important pollutant and is released into the environment in many forms. Different lead compounds have a variety of solubilities and so may impact on lead bioavailability and toxicity when added to soil. In this experimental study, we investigated the bioavailability of Pb in soil spiked with 300, 900 and 1500 mg/kg of Pb-acetate, PbCl2 and PbO using lettuce and wallaby grass. The concentration of Pb in the shoots of both species from control soils (2-3 mg/kg) was similar to previously reported concentrations in plants grown on uncontaminated soils. The Pb concentrations in the plant shoots increased with Pb concentrations in soil for lettuce (R2 = 0.526, P < 0.001) and wallaby grass (R2 = 0.776, P < 0.001). This study demonstrated that Pb bioavailability in soil was not affected by the type of Pb compound added to the soil for both plant species up to 1500 mg/kg Pb concentrations. Instead, the Pb concentration in the plant was best predicted by the total concentration of lead in the soil, irrespective of the original lead compound added to the soil. This research suggests that the original Pb compounds that contaminated the soil are unlikely to be an important factor in assessing Pb bioavailability, and hence risk, in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamali De Silva
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Chloe Bernett
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Erandika Abeywardane
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Suzie M Reichman
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia.
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Abstract
This case report describes contamination of crematory equipment with lutetium Lu 177 after cremation of a patient with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor treated with the radioisotope 2 days prior to his death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Y. Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - William G. Rule
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Terence T. Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Kevin L. Nelson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
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Engel LC, Landmesser U, Goehler A, Gigengack K, Wurster TH, Manes C, Girke G, Jaguszewski M, Skurk C, Leistner DM, Lauten A, Schuster A, Noutsias M, Hamm B, Botnar RM, Bigalke B, Makowski MR. Noninvasive Imaging of Endothelial Damage in Patients With Different HbA 1c Levels: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Diabetes 2019; 68:387-394. [PMID: 30487264 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare endothelial permeability, which is considered a hallmark of coronary artery disease, between patients with different HbA1c levels using an albumin-binding magnetic resonance (MR) probe. This cross-sectional study included 26 patients with clinical indication for X-ray angiography who were classified into three groups according to HbA1c level (<5.7% [<39 mmol/mol], 5.7-6.4% [39-47 mmol/mol], and ≥6.5% [48 mmol/mol]). Subjects underwent gadofosveset-enhanced coronary magnetic resonance and X-ray angiography including optical coherence within 24 h. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were assessed to measure the probe uptake in the coronary wall by coronary segment, excluding those with culprit lesions in X-ray angiography. In the group of patients with HbA1c levels between 5.7 and 6.4%, 0.30 increased normalized CNR values were measured, compared with patients with HbA1c levels <5.7% (0.30 [95% CI 0.04, 0.57]). In patients with HbA1c levels ≥6.5%, we found 0.57 higher normalized CNR values compared with patients with normal HbA1c levels (0.57 [95% CI 0.28, 0.85]) and 0.26 higher CNR values for patients with HbA1c level ≥6.5% compared with patients with HbA1c levels between 5.7 and 6.4% (0.26 [95% CI -0.04, 0.57]). Additionally, late atherosclerotic lesions were more common in patients with high HbA1c levels (HbA1c ≥6.5%, n = 14 [74%]; HbA1c 5.7-6.4%, n = 6 [60%]; and HbA1c <5.7%, n = 10 [53%]). In conclusion, coronary MRI in combination with an albumin-binding MR probe suggests that both patients with intermediate and patients with high HbA1c levels are associated with a higher extent of endothelial damage of the coronary arteries compared with patients with HbA1c levels <5.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif-Christopher Engel
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Goehler
- Department of Radiology, Brigham's and Women Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Gigengack
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas-Heinrich Wurster
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costantina Manes
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Girke
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milosz Jaguszewski
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Skurk
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Lauten
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuster
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Georg-August-University, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, The Kolling Institute, Nothern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Mid-German Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Klinik für Radiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rene M Botnar
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Boris Bigalke
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Klinik für Radiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cheng Y, Zeng W, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Zou T, Wu K, Wang F. Selective binding of an organoruthenium complex to G-rich human telomeric sequence by tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:2152-2158. [PMID: 30252980 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human telomeric DNA is reported to be a potential target for anticancer organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes, however, the interaction sites were not clearly discriminated and identified. METHODS In the current study, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation (CID) was firstly introduced to identify the interaction sites of an organometallic ruthenium(II) complex [(η6 -biphenyl)Ru(en)Cl][PF6 ] (1; en = ethylenediamine) with 5'-T1 T2 A3 G4 G5 G6 -3' (I), the repeating unit of human telomeric DNA, in both positive- and negative-ion mode at a low reaction molar ratio (1/I = 0.2) which was applied to preserve the site selectivity. RESULTS Mass spectrometric results showed that mono-ruthenated I was the main product under the conditions. In positive-ion mode, MS/MS results indicated that ruthenium complex 1 binds to T2 or G6 in strand I. However, in negative-ion mode, no efficient information was obtained for exact identification of ruthenation sites which may be attributed to losses of fragment ions due to charge neutralization by the coordination of the positively charged ruthenium complex to the short MS/MS fragments. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of using top-down MS to characterize the interactions of organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes and human telomeric DNA. Thymine can be thermodynamically competitive with guanine for binding to ruthenium complexes even at low reaction molar ratio, which inspired us to explore in greater depth the significance of thymine binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Zeng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Jishuai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Tao Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Kui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, PR China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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Gabriel CE, Kellman L, Prest D. Examining mineral-associated soil organic matter pools through depth in harvested forest soil profiles. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206847. [PMID: 30452448 PMCID: PMC6242310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral-associated organic matter is associated with a suite of soil minerals that can confer stability, resulting in the potential for long-term storage of carbon (C). Not all interactions impart the same level of protection, however; evidence is suggesting that C in certain mineral pools is dynamic and vulnerable to disturbance in the decades following harvesting. The objective of this research was to describe and characterize organic matter-mineral interactions through depth in horizons of soils of contrasting stand age. Sequential selective dissolutions representing increasingly stable mineral-associated organic matter pools from water soluble minerals (deionized water), organo-metal complexes (Na-pyrophosphate), poorly-crystalline minerals (HCl hydroxylamine), and crystalline secondary minerals (Na-dithionite HCl)) were carried out for Ae, Bf and BC horizons sampled from a Young and Mature forest site (35 and 110 years post-harvest) in Mooseland, Nova Scotia, Canada. Sequential selective dissolution extracts were analyzed for C, δ13C, iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al). Organo-metal complexes (OMC) were the largest mineral-associated OM pool in all horizons. This pool dominated the C distribution in B horizons (~60-70% of Bf bulk C), with a minor contribution from poorly-crystalline (PCrys), crystalline (Crys) minerals and water soluble (WS) associations. C in OMC and PCrys pools explained the variation in bulk C in horizons through depth at both sites. Twice as much C in OMC pools was measured at the Mature site compared to the Young site in the Bf horizons, supported by higher C:(Fe+Al) ratios. Isotopic analysis indicated that this extraction procedure isolated distinct mineral-associated OM pools. δ13C signatures of pyrophosphate-extracted OMC pools ranged from -27‰ to -28‰, similar to δ13C of bulk C and to plant-derived humic acids and associated biomass. The water soluble phase (mean δ13C = -29 ‰) was up to 2 ‰ more depleted, whereas the δ13C of Crys pools were more enriched in 13C (-13‰ to -16 ‰) compared to bulk soil. The results from this study suggest that association with minerals does not necessarily confer stability: organo-metal pools dominate in podzol horizons through depth, and contribute most to C storage, but are potentially susceptible to destabilization following the physical changes resulting from forest harvesting disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Gabriel
- Earth Sciences Department, St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L Kellman
- Earth Sciences Department, St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - D Prest
- Earth Sciences Department, St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Ksionzek KB, Zhang J, Ludwichowski KU, Wilhelms-Dick D, Trimborn S, Jendrossek T, Kattner G, Koch BP. Stoichiometry, polarity, and organometallics in solid-phase extracted dissolved organic matter of the Elbe-Weser estuary. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203260. [PMID: 30183724 PMCID: PMC6124745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in natural waters and plays a central role in the biogeochemistry in riverine, estuarine and marine environments. This study quantifies and characterizes solid-phase extractable DOM and trace element complexation at different salinities in the Weser and Elbe River, northern Germany, and the North Sea. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), Co and Cu concentrations were analyzed in original water samples. Solid-phase extracted (SPE) water samples were analyzed for DOC (DOCSPE), dissolved organic nitrogen (DONSPE), sulfur (DOSSPE) and trace metal (51V, 52Cr, 59Co, 60Ni, 63Cu, 75As) concentrations. Additionally, different pre-treatment conditions (acidification vs. non-acidification prior to SPE) were tested. In agreement with previous studies, acidification led to generally higher recoveries for DOM and trace metals. Overall, higher DOM and trace metal concentrations and subsequently higher complexation of trace metals with carbon and sulfur-containing organic complexes were found in riverine compared to marine samples. With increasing salinity, the concentrations of DOM decreased due to estuarine mixing. However, the slightly lower relative decrease of both, DOCSPE and DONSPE (~77%) compared to DOSSPE (~86%) suggests slightly faster removal processes for DOSSPE. A similar distribution of trace metal and carbon and sulfur containing DOM concentrations with salinity indicates complexation of trace metals with organic ligands. This is further supported by an increase in Co and Cu concentration after oxidation of organic complexes by UV treatment. Additionally, the complexation of metals with organic ligands (analyzed by comparing metal/DOCSPE and metal/DOSSPE ratios) decreased in the order Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Co and thus followed the Irving-Williams order. Differences in riverine and marine trace metal containing DOMSPE are summarized by their average molar ratios of (C107N4P0.013S1)1000V0.05Cr0.33Co0.19Ni0.39Cu3.41As0.47 in the riverine endmember and (C163N7P0.055S1)1000V0.05Cr0.47Co0.16Ni0.07Cu4.05As0.58 in the marine endmember.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin B. Ksionzek
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Leobener Straße, Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail: (KBK); (BPK)
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Uwe Ludwichowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Dorothee Wilhelms-Dick
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Scarlett Trimborn
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Thomas Jendrossek
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gerhard Kattner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Boris P. Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Leobener Straße, Bremen, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany
- * E-mail: (KBK); (BPK)
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Wang H, Wu Z, Li S, Hu K, Tang G. Synthesis and evaluation of a radiolabeled bis-zinc(II)-cyclen complex as a potential probe for in vivo imaging of cell death. Apoptosis 2018; 22:585-595. [PMID: 28084570 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The exposition of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the cell membrane is associated with most cell death programs (apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, mitotic catastrophe, etc.), which makes PS an attractive target for overall cell death imaging. To this end, zinc(II) macrocycle coordination complexes with cyclic polyamine units as low-molecular-weight annexin mimics have a selective affinity for biomembrane surfaces enriched with PS, and are therefore useful for detection of cell death. In the present study, a 11C-labeled zinc(II)-bis(cyclen) complex (11C-CyclenZn2) was prepared and evaluated as a new positron emission tomography (PET) probe for cell death imaging. 11C-CyclenZn2 was synthesized by methylation of its precursor, 4-methoxy-2,5-di-[10-methyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tricarboxylic acid tri-tert-butyl ester] phenol (Boc-Cyclen2) with 11C-methyl triflate as a prosthetic group in acetone, deprotection by hydrolysis in aqueous HCl solution, and chelation with zinc nitrate. The cell death imaging capability of 11C-CyclenZn2 was evaluated using in vitro cell uptake assays with camptothecin-treated PC-3 cells, biodistribution studies, and in vivo PET imaging in Kunming mice bearing S-180 fibrosarcoma. Starting from 11C-methyl triflate, the total preparation time for 11C-CyclenZn2 was ~40 min, with an uncorrected radiochemical yield of 12 ± 3% (based on 11C-CH3OTf, n = 10), a radiochemical purity of greater than 95%, and the specific activity of 0.75-1.01 GBq/μmol. The cell death binding specificity of 11C-CyclenZn2 was demonstrated by significantly different uptake rates in camptothecin-treated and control PC-3 cells in vitro. Inhibition experiments for 18F-radiofluorinated Annexin V binding to apoptotic/necrotic cells illustrated the necessity of zinc ions for zinc(II)-bis(cyclen) complexation in binding cell death, and zinc(II)-bis(cyclen) complexe and Annexin V had not identical binding pattern with apoptosis/necrosis cells. Biodistribution studies of 11C-CyclenZn2 revealed a fast clearance from blood, low uptake rates in brain and muscle tissue, and high uptake rates in liver and kidney, which provide the main metabolic route. PET imaging using 11C-CyclenZn2 revealed that cyclophosphamide-treated mice (CP-treated group) exhibited a significant increase of uptake rate in the tumor at 60 min postinjection, compared with control mice (Control group). The results indicate that the ability of 11C-CyclenZn2 to detect cell death is comparable to Annexin V, and it has potential as a PET tracer for noninvasive evaluation and monitoring of anti-tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET-CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET-CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET-CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Lavtizar V, Kimura D, Asaoka S, Okamura H. The influence of seawater properties on toxicity of copper pyrithione and its degradation product to brine shrimp Artemia salina. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 147:132-138. [PMID: 28841528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper pyrithione (CuPT) is a biocide, used worldwide to prevent biofouling on submerged surfaces. In aquatic environments it rapidly degrades, however, one of the degradation products (HPT) is known to react with cupric ion back to its parent compound. Not much is known about the behavior and toxicity of CuPT and its degradation product HPT in different water systems. Hence, our aim was to investigate the ecotoxicity of CuPT, HPT as well as Cu2+ to the brine shrimp Artemia salina in natural seawater and organic matter-free artificial seawater. Moreover, in order to elucidate the influence of ionic strength of water on CuPT toxicity, tests were performed in water media with modified salinity. The results showed that CuPT was the most toxic to the exposed crustaceans in a seawater media with the highest salinity and with no organic matter content. HPT in a presence of cupric ion converted to CuPT, but the measured CuPT concentrations and the mortality of A. salina in natural water were lower than in artificial water. The toxicity of CuPT to A. salina was significantly influenced by the organic matter content, salinity, and proportions of constituent salts in water. In a combination with cupric ion, non-hazardous degradation product HPT exhibits increased toxicity due to its rapid transformation to its parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Lavtizar
- Laboratory of Maritime Environmental Management, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0022, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Maritime Environmental Management, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asaoka
- Laboratory of Maritime Environmental Management, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0022, Japan
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Laboratory of Maritime Environmental Management, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0022, Japan.
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9
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Martins SE, Fillmann G, Lillicrap A, Thomas KV. Review: ecotoxicity of organic and organo-metallic antifouling co-biocides and implications for environmental hazard and risk assessments in aquatic ecosystems. Biofouling 2018; 34:34-52. [PMID: 29250978 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1404036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hazard assessments of Irgarol 1051, diuron, 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), dichloro-octylisothiazolin (DCOIT), chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, thiram, zinc pyrithione, copper pyrithione, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), capsaicin, nonivamide, tralopyril and medetomidine were performed to establish robust environmental quality standards (EQS), based on predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). Microalgae, zooplankton, fish and amphibians were the most sensitive ecological groups to all the antifoulants evaluated, especially in the early life stages. No differences were identified between freshwater and seawater species. The use of toxicity tests with non-standard species is encouraged because they increase the datasets, allowing EQS to be derived from probabilistic-based PNECs whilst reducing uncertainties. The global ban of tributyltin (TBT) has been heralded as a major environmental success; however, substitute antifoulants may also pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Environmental risk assessments (ERAs) have driven decision-makings for regulating antifouling products, but in many countries there is still a lack of regulation of antifouling biocides which should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Eslava Martins
- a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande/RS , Brazil
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG , Rio Grande/RS , Brazil
| | - Adam Lillicrap
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- b Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) , Oslo , Norway
- c Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS) , The University of Queensland , Coopers Plains , Australia
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10
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Omouri Z, Hawari J, Fournier M, Robidoux PY. Bioavailability and chronic toxicity of bismuth citrate to earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to natural sandy soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 147:1-8. [PMID: 28822260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes bioavailability and chronic effects of bismuth to earthworms Eisenia andrei using OECD reproduction test. Adult earthworms were exposed to natural sandy soil contaminated artificially by bismuth citrate. Average total concentrations of bismuth in soil recovered by HNO3 digestion ranged from 75 to 289mg/kg. Results indicate that bismuth decreased significantly all reproduction parameters of Eisenia andrei at concentrations ≥ 116mg/kg. However, number of hatched cocoons and number of juveniles seem to be more sensitive than total number of cocoons, as determined by IC50; i.e., 182, 123 and > 289mg/kg, respectively. Bismuth did not affect Eisenia andrei growth and survival, and had little effect on phagocytic efficiency of coelomocytes. The low immunotoxicity effect might be explained by the involvement of other mechanisms i.e. bismuth sequestered by metal-binding compounds. After 28 days of exposure bismuth concentrations in earthworms tissue increased with increasing bismuth concentrations in soil reaching a stationary state of 21.37mg/kg dry tissue for 243mg Bi/kg dry soil total content. Data indicate also that after 56 days of incubation the average fractions of bismuth available extracted by KNO3 aqueous solution in soil without earthworms varied from 0.0051 to 0.0229mg/kg, while in soil with earthworms bismuth concentration ranged between 0.310-1.347mg/kg dry soil. We presume that mucus and chelating agents produced by earthworms and by soil or/and earthworm gut microorganisms could explain this enhancement, as well as the role of dermal and ingestion routes of earthworms uptake to soil contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Omouri
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7; National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2.
| | - Jalal Hawari
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Michel Fournier
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7
| | - Pierre Yves Robidoux
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7; National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
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11
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Ruiz-de-Cenzano M, Rochina-Marco A, Cervera ML, de la Guardia M. Evaluation of the Content of Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Selenium, Tellurium and Their Inorganic Forms in Commercially Baby Foods. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:355-365. [PMID: 28401398 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Baby foods, from the Spanish market and prepared from meat, fish, vegetables, cereals, legumes, and fruits, were analyzed to obtain the concentration of antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), and tellurium (Te) as toxic elements and selenium (Se) as essential element. An analytical procedure was employed based on atomic fluorescence spectroscopy which allowed to obtain accurate data at low levels of concentration. Values of 14 commercial samples, expressed in nanograms per gram fresh weight, ranged for Sb 0.66-6.9, As 4.5-242, Te 1.35-2.94, Bi 2.18-4.79, and Se 5.4-109. Additionally, speciation studies were performed based on data from a non-chromatographic screening method. It was concluded that tellurium and bismuth were mainly present as inorganic forms and selenium as organic form, and antimony and arsenic species depend on the ingredients of each baby food. Risk assessment considerations were made by comparing dietary intake of the aforementioned elements through the consumption of one baby food portion a day and recommended or tolerable guideline values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-de-Cenzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Rochina-Marco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M L Cervera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 50 th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Ferreira MCDF, Zucki F, Duarte JL, Iano FG, Ximenes VF, Buzalaf MAR, Oliveira RCD. Influence of iron on modulation of the antioxidant system in rat brains exposed to lead. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:813-822. [PMID: 27170105 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate markers of oxidative stress in the brains of rats exposed to lead acetate (Pb(C2 H3 O2 )2 ), either associated or not associated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 ). A total of 36 weaning rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 6 groups of six animals and exposed to lead acetate for six weeks. In the control group (control), the animals received deionized water. The Pb260 and Pb260 + Fe received 260 µM lead acetate, and the Pb1050 and Pb1050 + Fe received 1050 µM lead acetate. The Pb260 + Fe and Pb1050 + Fe were supplemented with 20 mg of ferrous sulfate/Kg body weight every 2 days. Group Fe received deionized water and ferrous sulfate. The rat brains were collected to analyze the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and total antioxidant substance (TAS) (DPPH• technique). The activity of SOD and GPx in the experimental groups decreased compared to the control, together with the concentration of GSH (p < 0.05). For CAT analysis, SOD tended to increase in concentration in the experimental groups without a concomitant exposure to FeSO4 , whereas GPx showed a slight tendency to increase in activity compared to the control. For TAS-DPPH• , there was a decrease in the experimental groups (p < 0.05). According to the results, SOD, GPx, and GSH were affected by lead acetate and exposure to ferrous sulfate changed this dynamic. However, further studies are needed to verify whether ferrous sulfate acts as a protectant against the toxic effects of lead. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 813-822, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília de Freitas Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Zucki
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Josilene Luciene Duarte
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia Godoy Iano
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 1401 Bauru-SP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
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13
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Viditha V, Srilatha K, Himabindu V. Hydrogen storage studies on palladium-doped carbon materials (AC, CB, CNMs) @ metal-organic framework-5. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:9355-9363. [PMID: 26298339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a rapidly growing class of porous materials and are considered as best adsorbents for their high surface area and extraordinary porosity. The MOFs are synthesized by using various chemicals like triethylamine, terepthalic acid, zinc acetate dihydrate, chloroform, and dimethylformamide (DMF). Synthesized MOFs are intercalated with palladium/activated carbon, carbon black, and carbon nanomaterials by chemical reduction method for the purpose of enhancing the hydrogen adsorption capacities. We have observed that the palladium doped activated carbon on MOF-5 showed high hydrogen storage capacity. This may be due to the affinity of the palladium toward hydrogen molecule. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. We have observed a clear decrease in the BET surface area and pore volume. The obtained results show a better performance for the synthesized sample. To our best knowledge, no one has reported the work on palladium-doped carbon materials (activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanomaterials) impregnated to the metal-organic framework-5. We have attempted to synthesize carbon nanomaterials using indigenously fabricated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) unit as a support. We have observed an increase in the hydrogen storage capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Viditha
- Centre for Environment, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 3rd Floor, IST campus, Kukatpally, 500085, India
| | - K Srilatha
- Centre for Environment, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 3rd Floor, IST campus, Kukatpally, 500085, India
| | - V Himabindu
- Centre for Environment, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 3rd Floor, IST campus, Kukatpally, 500085, India.
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Abstract
Over the last several years, organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as a new photovoltaic contender. Although energy conversion efficiency above 20% has now been certified, improved understanding of the material properties contributing to these high performance levels may allow the progression to even higher efficiency, stable cells. The optical properties of these new materials are important not only to device design but also because of the insight they provide into less directly accessible properties, including energy-band structures, binding energies, and likely impact of excitons, as well as into absorption and inverse radiative recombination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Green
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yajie Jiang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Arman Mahboubi Soufiani
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Anita Ho-Baillie
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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15
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Delli Castelli D, Ferrauto G, Di Gregorio E, Terreno E, Aime S. Sensitive MRI detection of internalized T1 contrast agents using magnetization transfer contrast. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:1663-1670. [PMID: 26474109 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the possibility of using Magnetization Transfer Contrast (MTC) for an improved MRI detection of T1 relaxation agents. The need to improve the detection threshold of MRI agents is particularly stringent when the contrast agents failed to accumulate to the proper extent in targeting procedures. The herein reported approach is based on the T1 dependence of MT contrast. It has been assessed that MT contrast can allow the detection of a Gd-containing agent at a lower detection threshold than the one accessible by acquiring T1W images. Measurements have been carried out either in TS/A cells or in vivo in a syngeneic murine breast cancer model. The reported data showed that in cellular experiments the MTC method displays a better sensitivity with respect to the common T1W experiments. In particular, the reached detection threshold allowed the visualization of samples containing only 2% of Gd-labeled cells diluted in unlabeled cells. In vivo experiments displayed a more diversified scheme. In particular, the tumor region showed two distinct behaviors accordingly with the localization of the imaging probe. The probe located in the tumor core could be detected to the same extent either by T1w or MTC contrast. Conversely, the agent located in the tumor rim was detected with a larger sensitivity by the MTC method herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Delli Castelli
- Molecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Molecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enza Di Gregorio
- Molecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Molecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- IBB-CNR- UOS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- IBB-CNR- UOS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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16
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Tahir MS, Mahmood R, Shamsi WR. Estimation of sulfolax and antimicrobial preservatives in laxative drops. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:2101-2107. [PMID: 26639504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast, precise, economic, selective and accurate HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl parabensodium in laxative drops has been developed and subsequently validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved using gradient elution with mix phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and acetonitrile. The column used was purospherstar C18, 5 μm, 25 cm × 4.6mm kept at 25°C with 1 ml/min flow rate using detection (PDA) at 263 nm. The retention times of sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl paraben sodium were found to be 4.6, 7.4 and 11.4 minutes respectively. The proposed method was found to be linear over a concentration range of 8-12 μg/ml for sorbic acid, 60-90 μg/ml for sodium picosulphate and 16-24 μg/ml formethyl paraben sodium respectively. The recovery was found to be 99.13-101.68% for sorbic acid, 99.81-100.21% for sodium picosulphate and 99.84-100.09% for methyl paraben sodium respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) for sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl parabensodium were found to be 0.032 μg/ml, 0.337 μg/ml and 0.131 μg/ml respectively and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl parabensodium were found to be 0.097 μg/ml, 1.023 μg/ml and 0.399 μg/ml respectively. The method was validated with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness according to guidelines of ICH.
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17
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Hetrick LD, Kraft SL, Johnson TE. Occupational Exposure to Veterinary Workers from the Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent 64Cu-ATSM. Health Phys 2015; 109:S219-S223. [PMID: 26425985 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu-ATSM is an emerging radiopharmaceutical for diagnostic use in positron emission tomography (PET), but to date there are no studies that assess the potential occupational doses to workers in either human or veterinary medicine. This study was aimed at determining the external radiation dose to veterinary workers from clinical PET/CT (PET combined with computed tomography) procedures using Cu-ATSM. To determine the dose to the workers, each worker was assigned two Electronic Personal Dosimeters (EPDs) to be worn on the chest and waist during the entirety of each procedure. The workers monitored during this study included a radiobiologist, a nuclear medicine technologist, an anesthesiologist, and a veterinary surgeon. Seven canine patients were imaged with an average mass of 33.7 kg (a range of 20.0-55.1 kg) with an average injected activity of 5 MBq kg. The dose range for the radiobiologist was 2-17 μSv (mean of 7.1 μSv), for the nuclear medicine technologist 0-14 μSv (mean of 5.6 μSv), for the anesthesiologist 0-12 μSv (mean of 4.0 μSv), and for the surgeon 0-10 μSv (mean of 3.6 μSv). In a comparison between the results of this study and published literature on occupational exposures from veterinary FDG PET/CT procedures, Cu-ATSM veterinary PET/CT procedures, on a per patient bias, exposed workers to less radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Hetrick
- *Colorado State University, Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences, Fort Collins, Co
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18
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Tsai KP. Effects of two copper compounds on Microcystis aeruginosa cell density, membrane integrity, and microcystin release. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 120:428-435. [PMID: 26141781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin release following Microcystis aeruginosa cell lysis after copper-based algaecide treatment is often cited as a concern leading to restricted use of algaecide in restoration of natural water resources. To examine this concern, bench-scale experiments were conducted to study responses of M. aeruginosa to 8-day copper exposures as copper sulfate and copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA). M. aeruginosa UTEX 2385 was cultured in BG11 medium to cell density of 10(6)cells/mL with total and extracellular microcystin of 93 and 53μg/L, respectively. Exposures of copper concentration ranged from 40 to 1000μgCu/L. Cell membrane integrity was indicated by erythrosine B. In the end of experiment, total microcystin and cell density in untreated control (313μg/L and 10(7)cells/mL) was 3.3 and 10 times greater than pretreatment value, respectively. Minimum amount of copper required to reduce M. aeruginosa population within 8 days was 160μgCu/L as copper sulfate and 80μgCu/L as Cu-EA, where total and extracellular microcystin concentrations (47 and 44μg/L for copper sulfate; 56 and 44μg/L for Cu-EA) were degraded with degradation rate coefficient 0.1 day(-1) and were less than pretreatment values. Given a copper concentration at 80µgCu/L as Cu-EA, M. aeruginosa cells were intact and less microcystin were released compared to treatments at 160-1000µgCu/L, where lysed cells and relatively greater microcystin release were observed. Based on the laboratory results, a minimum amount of copper required for reducing M. aeruginosa population could decrease total microcystin concentration and not compromise cells and minimize microcystin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Pei Tsai
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, 177 Hobcaw Road, Georgetown, South Carolina 29440, United States.
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Coman D, Sanganahalli BG, Jiang L, Hyder F, Behar KL. Distribution of temperature changes and neurovascular coupling in rat brain following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") exposure. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:1257-66. [PMID: 26286889 PMCID: PMC4573923 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
(+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is an abused psychostimulant that produces strong monoaminergic stimulation and whole-body hyperthermia. MDMA-induced thermogenesis involves activation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), primarily a type specific to skeletal muscle (UCP-3) and absent from the brain, although other UCP types are expressed in the brain (e.g. thalamus) and might contribute to thermogenesis. Since neuroimaging of brain temperature could provide insights into MDMA action, we measured spatial distributions of systemically administered MDMA-induced temperature changes and dynamics in rat cortex and subcortex using a novel magnetic resonance method, Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS), with an exogenous temperature-sensitive probe (thulium ion and macrocyclic chelate 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (DOTMA(4-))). The MDMA-induced temperature rise was greater in the cortex than in the subcortex (1.6 ± 0.4 °C versus 1.3 ± 0.4 °C) and occurred more rapidly (2.0 ± 0.2 °C/h versus 1.5 ± 0.2 °C/h). MDMA-induced temperature changes and dynamics in the cortex and body were correlated, although the body temperature exceeded the cortex temperature before and after MDMA. Temperature, neuronal activity, and blood flow (CBF) were measured simultaneously in the cortex and subcortex (i.e. thalamus) to investigate possible differences of MDMA-induced warming across brain regions. MDMA-induced warming correlated with increases in neuronal activity and blood flow in the cortex, suggesting that the normal neurovascular response to increased neural activity was maintained. In contrast to the cortex, a biphasic relationship was seen in the subcortex (i.e. thalamus), with a decline in CBF as temperature and neural activity rose, transitioning to a rise in CBF for temperature above 37 °C, suggesting that MDMA affected CBF and neurovascular coupling differently in subcortical regions. Considering that MDMA effects on CBF and heat dissipation (as well as potential heat generation) may vary regionally, neuroprotection may require different cooling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Coman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kevin L. Behar
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Fabini
- Materials Department & Materials Research Laboratory University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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21
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Abstract
Multicolour fluorescence detection is often necessary in droplet microfluidics, but typical detection systems are complex, bulky, and expensive. We present a compact and modular detection system capable of sub-nanomolar sensitivity utilizing an optical fibre array to encode spectral information recorded by a single photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H. Cole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Niek de Lange
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zev J. Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam R. Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Corresponding author,
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Chubar N, Avramut C, Visser T. Formation of manganese phosphate and manganese carbonate during long-term sorption of Mn(2+) by viable Shewanella putrefaciens: effects of contact time and temperature. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2015; 17:780-790. [PMID: 25707532 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of temperature (5, 10, 22 and 30 °C) on the long-term (30 days) sorption of Mn(2+) by viable Shewanella putrefaciens was studied by FTIR and EXAFS. The additional Mn-removal capacity of these bacteria was found to result from the surface precipitation of Mn-containing inorganic phases. The chemical composition of the Mn-containing precipitates is temperature and contact-time dependent. Mn(ii) phosphate and Mn(ii) carbonate were the two major precipitates formed in 1000 mL batches at 10, 22 and 30 °C. The ratio of Mn(ii) phosphate to Mn(ii) carbonate was a function of the contact time. After 30 days, MnCO3 was the dominant phase in the precipitates at 10, 22 and 30 °C; however, MnCO3 did not form at 5 °C. Mn(ii) phosphate was the only precipitate formed at 5 °C over 30 days. The biosynthesis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) was much greater at the lowest temperature (5 °C); however, these polymeric sugars did not contribute to the additional removal of Mn(ii) under the experimental conditions. This work is one of the first reports demonstrating the ability of microbes to bioprecipitate manganese phosphate and manganese carbonate. Because of the focus on interfacial processes, this is the first report showing a molecular-level mechanism for manganese carbonate formation (in contrast to the traditionally studied aged minerals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chubar
- Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Zhang D, Chen Z, Omar H, Deng L, Khashab NM. Colorimetric peroxidase mimetic assay for uranyl detection in sea water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:4589-4594. [PMID: 25658750 DOI: 10.1021/am507361x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Uranyl (UO2(2+)) is a form of uranium in aqueous solution that represents the greatest risk to human health because of its bioavailability. Different sensing techniques have been used with very sensitive detection limits especially the recently reported uranyl-specific DNAzymes systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, few efficient detection methods have been reported for uranyl sensing in seawater. Herein, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are employed in an efficient spectroscopic method to detect uranyl ion (UO2(2+)) with a detection limit of 1.86 μM. In the absence of UO2(2+), the BSA-stabilized AuNCs (BSA-AuNCs) showed an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. In the presence of UO2(2+), this activity can be efficiently restrained. The preliminary quenching mechanism and selectivity of UO2(2+) was also investigated and compared with other ions. This design strategy could be useful in understanding the binding affinity of protein-stabilized AuNCs to UO2(2+) and consequently prompt the recycling of UO2(2+) from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Zhang
- Controlled Release and Delivery Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Edwards NP, Manning PL, Bergmann U, Larson PL, van Dongen BE, Sellers WI, Webb SM, Sokaras D, Alonso-Mori R, Ignatyev K, Barden HE, van Veelen A, Anné J, Egerton VM, Wogelius RA. Leaf metallome preserved over 50 million years. Metallomics 2014; 6:774-82. [PMID: 24804302 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale Synchrotron Rapid Scanning X-ray Fluorescence (SRS-XRF) elemental mapping and X-ray absorption spectroscopy are applied here to fossil leaf material from the 50 Mya Green River Formation (USA) in order to improve our understanding of the chemistry of fossilized plant remains. SRS-XRF of fossilized animals has previously shown that bioaccumulated trace metals and sulfur compounds may be preserved in their original distributions and these elements can also act as biomarkers for specific biosynthetic pathways. Similar spatially resolved chemical data for fossilized plants is sparsely represented in the literature despite the multitude of other chemical studies performed. Here, synchrotron data from multiple specimens consistently show that fossil leaves possess chemical inventories consisting of organometallic and organosulfur compounds that: (1) map discretely within the fossils, (2) resolve fine scale biological structures, and (3) are distinct from embedding sedimentary matrices. Additionally, the chemical distributions in fossil leaves are directly comparable to those of extant leaves. This evidence strongly suggests that a significant fraction of the chemical inventory of the examined fossil leaf material is derived from the living organisms and that original bioaccumulated elements have been preserved in situ for 50 million years. Chemical information of this kind has so far been unknown for fossilized plants and could for the first time allow the metallome of extinct flora to be studied.
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Lorenzato C, Oerlemans C, Cernicanu A, Ries M, Denis de Senneville B, Moonen C, Bos C. Rapid dynamic R1 /R2 */temperature assessment: a method with potential for monitoring drug delivery. NMR Biomed 2014; 27:1267-1274. [PMID: 25208052 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Local drug delivery by hyperthermia-induced drug release from thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) may reduce the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy, whilst maintaining or increasing its efficacy. Relaxivity contrast agents can be co-encapsulated with the drug to allow the visualization of the presence of liposomes, by means of R2 *, as well as the co-release of the contrast agent and the drug, by means of R1, on heating. Here, the mathematical method used to extract both R2 * and R1 from a fast dynamic multi-echo spoiled gradient echo (ME-SPGR) is presented and analyzed. Finally, this method is used to monitor such release events. R2 * was obtained from a fit to the ME-SPGR data. Absolute R1 was calculated from the signal magnitude changes corrected for the apparent proton density changes and a baseline Look-Locker R1 map. The method was used to monitor nearly homogeneous water bath heating and local focused ultrasound heating of muscle tissue, and to visualize the release of a gadolinium chelate from TSLs in vitro. R2 *, R1 and temperature maps were measured with a 5-s temporal resolution. Both R2 *and R1 measured were found to change with temperature. The dynamic R1 measurements after heating agreed with the Look-Locker R1 values if changes in equilibrium magnetization with temperature were considered. Release of gadolinium from TSLs was detected by an R1 increase near the phase transition temperature, as well as a shallow R2 * increase. Simultaneous temperature, R2 * and R1 mapping is feasible in real time and has the potential for use in image-guided drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Lorenzato
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Imaging Division, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Nakagawa K, Epel B. Locations of radical species in black pepper seeds investigated by CW EPR and 9GHz EPR imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 131:342-346. [PMID: 24835937 PMCID: PMC4363116 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, noninvasive 9GHz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-imaging and continuous wave (CW) EPR were used to investigate the locations of paramagnetic species in black pepper seeds without further irradiation. First, lithium phthalocyanine (LiPC) phantom was used to examine 9GHz EPR imaging capabilities. The 9GHz EPR-imager easily resolved the LiPC samples at a distance of ∼2mm. Then, commercially available black pepper seeds were measured. We observed signatures from three different radical species, which were assigned to stable organic radicals, Fe(3+), and Mn(2+) complexes. In addition, no EPR spectral change in the seed was observed after it was submerged in distilled H2O for 1h. The EPR and spectral-spatial EPR imaging results suggested that the three paramagnetic species were mostly located at the seed surface. Fewer radicals were found inside the seed. We demonstrated that the CW EPR and 9GHz EPR imaging were useful for the determination of the spatial distribution of paramagnetic species in various seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Nakagawa
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cyo, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Boris Epel
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, MC1105, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637-1463, USA
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Zhu J, Qin M, Liu S, Liu Z, Yang J, Hu X. Incorporation of flow injection analysis with dual-wavelength overlapping resonance Rayleigh scattering for rapid determination of malachite green and its metabolite in fish. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 130:90-95. [PMID: 24769380 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A flow injection analysis (FIA) system combined with dual-wavelength overlapping resonance Rayleigh scattering (DWO-RRS) has been established and validated for rapid determination of malachite green (MG) and its metabolite in fish samples. Under experimental condition, MG would react with Erythrosin (Ery) to form ion-association complexes, resulting in the occurrence of two RRS peaks and a dramatic enhancement of RRS intensity. The maximum RRS peaks were located at 286 nm and 337 nm. It is noted that the increments of both of these two peaks were proportional to the concentration of MG. The detection limit of DWO-RRS was 1.5 ng/mL, which was comparable to several reported methods. Moreover, the results of real sample analysis exhibited an acceptable recovery between 97.5% and 103.6%, indicating that the method had good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingyou Qin
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shaopu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jidong Yang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Gu YX, Wang QH, Zhou ZL, Lv Q, Mai CH. Determination of zinc pyrithione in shampoos by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS. J Cosmet Sci 2014; 65:265-276. [PMID: 25682618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methods have been developed for the determination of zinc pyrithione (ZPT) in shampoos using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Samples were washed by water first to remove surfactant and water-soluble impurities, then ultrasonic-extracted by acetonitrile-methanol for 30 min, and finally analyzed by MG C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) or RP-18e (100 mm x 3 mm, 2 μm) plus APCI-MS/MS. Limits of detection were determined as 0.015% (HPLC) and 0.003% (HPLC-MS/MS), with a limit of quantization of 0.05% and 0.01%, respectively. The recoveries were 85.8-104% (HPLC) and 87.6-107% (HPLC-MS/MS). A good linear relationship was obtained from 3.20 μg·ml(-1) to 200 μg·ml(-1) (HPLC) and 1.00 μg·ml(-1) to 200 μg·ml(-1) (HPLC-MS/MS). The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of ZPT in many shampoos. The established two methods were rapid and reproducible with low interference.
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Bhowmick S, Halder D, Nriagu J, Guha Mazumder DN, Roman-Ross G, Chatterjee D, Iglesias M. Speciation of arsenic in saliva samples from a population of West Bengal, India. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:6973-80. [PMID: 24857783 DOI: 10.1021/es4056142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Saliva, an easily accessible biofluid, is validated as biomarker of arsenic (As) exposure in several villages of West Bengal, India. Pentavalent arsenic [As(V)] was found to be the predominant species in saliva, with the amount of inorganic As [As(V) and trivalent form, As(III)] being more than half of the total As in the samples. Significant association was found between total daily ingestion of As and As(V) (r = 0.59; p = 0.000), As(III) (r = 0.60; p = 0.000), dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(V)) (r = 0.40; p = 0.000), and monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(V)) (r = 0.44; p = 0.000), implying that these species have mainly been derived from the methylation of the inorganic As in the water that study participants drank and the food they ate. Analysis of confounding effects of age, sex, smoking, body mass index and the prevalence of skin lesion suggests that women and controls with no skin lesion had a higher capacity to methylate the ingested As compared to the rest of the population. Thus, our study demonstrates that As species in saliva can be an useful tool to predict the individual susceptibility where higher As exposure and a lower methylation capacity are implicated in the development of As-induced health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani , Nadia 741 235, West Bengal, India
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Jiang X, Jiang Y, Wu F, Wu F. Quantitative interpretation of mineral hyperspectral images based on principal component analysis and independent component analysis methods. Appl Spectrosc 2014; 68:502-509. [PMID: 24694708 DOI: 10.1366/13-07192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of mineral hyperspectral images provides large amounts of high-dimensional data, which is often complicated by mixed pixels. The quantitative interpretation of hyperspectral images is known to be extremely difficult when three types of information are unknown, namely, the number of pure pixels, the spectrum of pure pixels, and the mixing matrix. The problem is made even more complex by the disturbance of noise. The key to interpreting abstract mineral component information, i.e., pixel unmixing and abundance inversion, is how to effectively reduce noise, dimension, and redundancy. A three-step procedure is developed in this study for quantitative interpretation of hyperspectral images. First, the principal component analysis (PCA) method can be used to process the pixel spectrum matrix and keep characteristic vectors with larger eigenvalues. This can effectively reduce the noise and redundancy, which facilitates the abstraction of major component information. Second, the independent component analysis (ICA) method can be used to identify and unmix the pixels based on the linear mixed model. Third, the pure-pixel spectrums can be normalized for abundance inversion, which gives the abundance of each pure pixel. In numerical experiments, both simulation data and actual data were used to demonstrate the performance of our three-step procedure. Under simulation data, the results of our procedure were compared with theoretical values. Under the actual data measured from core hyperspectral images, the results obtained through our algorithm are compared with those of similar software (Mineral Spectral Analysis 1.0, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources). The comparisons show that our method is effective and can provide reference for quantitative interpretation of hyperspectral images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Jiang
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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31
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Defeyt C, Van Pevenage J, Moens L, Strivay D, Vandenabeele P. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and chemometrical analysis for the distinction of copper phthalocyanine polymorphs in paint layers. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:636-640. [PMID: 23876927 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In art analysis, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) is often identified as an important pigment (PB15) in 20th century artworks. Raman spectroscopy is a very valuable technique for the detection of this pigment in paint systems. However, PB15 is used in different polymorphic forms and identification of the polymorph could retrieve information on the production process of the pigment at the moment. Raman spectroscopy, being a molecular spectroscopic method of analysis, is able to discriminate between polymorphs of crystals. However, in the case of PB15, spectral interpretation is not straightforward, and Raman data treatment requires some improvements concerning the PB15 polymorphic discrimination in paints. Here, Raman spectroscopy is combined with chemometrical analysis in order to develop a procedure allowing us to identify the PB15 crystalline structure in painted layers and in artworks. The results obtained by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), using intensity ratios as variables, demonstrate the ability of this procedure to predict the crystalline structure of a PB15 pigment in unknown paint samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Defeyt
- Centre Européen d'Archéometrie and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Atomique et de Spectroscopie, Universié de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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32
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Farjon J, Giros A, Deloisy S, Blanco L, Hannedouche J, Schulz E, Merlet D. 29Si-1H IMPACT HMBC: a suitable tool for analyzing silylated derivatives. Magn Reson Chem 2013; 51:230-233. [PMID: 23408543 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A modified version of the IMPACT heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) has allowed the characterization of an organosilane and a tetrasilylated yttrium complex. With the help of this sequence, an average gain in sensitivity close to 2 has been obtained compared with the standard HMBC experiment for disilanes as well as for yttrium complexes containing silylated ligands. This modified version of this long-range correlation experiment opens the way for following kinetics in the range of a fraction of a minute and to study by NMR low concentrated samples and low abundant nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Farjon
- Equipe de RMN en milieu orienté, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Orsay, F-91405, France.
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Yılmaz Ü, Deniz S, Küçükbay H, Şireci N. Microwave assisted Suzuki-Miyaura and Ullmann type homocoupling reactions of 2- and 3-halopyridines using a Pd(OAc)2/benzimidazolium salt and base catalyst system. Molecules 2013; 18:3712-24. [PMID: 23529031 PMCID: PMC6269664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18043712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel benzimidazole derivatives 1-4 were synthesized and the catalytic activity of these compounds in a catalytic system consisting of a benzimidazolium salt/Pd(OAc)2/K2CO3 were investigated in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Ullmann type homocoupling reactions under microwave irradiation. We obtained both cross coupling and homocoupling products of pyridine and some side products such as dimethylaminopyridine and unsubstituted pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü Yılmaz
- Battalgazi Vocational School, İnönü University, Battalgazi, Malatya 44210, Turkey; E-Mail:
| | - Selma Deniz
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, Turkey; E-Mail:
| | - Hasan Küçükbay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, İnönü University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - Nihat Şireci
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey; E-Mail:
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Carbonell C, Stylianou KC, Hernando J, Evangelio E, Barnett SA, Nettikadan S, Imaz I, Maspoch D. Femtolitre chemistry assisted by microfluidic pen lithography. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2173. [PMID: 23863998 PMCID: PMC3759056 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reactions at ultrasmall volumes are becoming increasingly necessary to study biological processes, to synthesize homogenous nanostructures and to perform high-throughput assays and combinatorial screening. Here we show that a femtolitre reaction can be realized on a surface by handling and mixing femtolitre volumes of reagents using a microfluidic stylus. This method, named microfluidic pen lithography, allows mixing reagents in isolated femtolitre droplets that can be used as reactors to conduct independent reactions and crystallization processes. This strategy overcomes the high-throughput limitations of vesicles and micelles and obviates the usually costly step of fabricating microdevices and wells. We anticipate that this process enables performing distinct reactions (acid-base, enzymatic recognition and metal-organic framework synthesis), creating multiplexed nanoscale metal-organic framework arrays, and screening combinatorial reactions to evaluate the crystallization of novel peptide-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carbonell
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Kyriakos C. Stylianou
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emi Evangelio
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sarah A. Barnett
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OXII ODE, UK
| | - Saju Nettikadan
- NanoInk Inc., Illinois Science and Technology Park, Skokie, IL 60077 USA
| | - Inhar Imaz
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08100 Barcelona, Spain
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Alenkina IV, Oshtrakh MI, Klepova YV, Dubiel SM, Sadovnikov NV, Semionkin VA. Comparative study of the iron cores in human liver ferritin, its pharmaceutical models and ferritin in chicken liver and spleen tissues using Mössbauer spectroscopy with a high velocity resolution. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 100:88-93. [PMID: 22465305 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Application of Mössbauer spectroscopy with a high velocity resolution (4096 channels) for comparative analysis of iron cores in a human liver ferritin and its pharmaceutically important models Imferon, Maltofer(®) and Ferrum Lek as well as in iron storage proteins in chicken liver and spleen tissues allowed to reveal small variations in the (57)Fe hyperfine parameters related to differences in the iron core structure. Moreover, it was shown that the best fit of Mössbauer spectra of these samples required different number of components. The latter may indicate that the real iron core structure is more complex than that following from a simple core-shell model. The effect of different living conditions and age on the iron core in chicken liver was also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Alenkina
- Department of Physical Techniques and Devices for Quality Control, Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
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Lu M, Wu XJ, Zeng DC, Liao Y. Distribution of PCDD/Fs and organometallic compounds in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China. Environ Pollut 2012; 171:78-84. [PMID: 22885220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), organotin and organolead compounds were measured in sewage sludge samples collected from 24 wastewater treatment plants from 18 cities of 13 provinces in China. Total international toxicity equivalent (I-TEQ) values were evaluated for PCDD/Fs. The total concentration of PCDD/Fs ranged from 104.0 to 1661 pg/g dry weight (d.w.) and 2.51-75.21 pg I-TEQ/g d.w., indicating that all I-TEQs were below Chinese legislation limit value regulated for land application. The concentrations ranged from 258 to 3886, 126 to 1129, and 84-2133 ng/g as Sn d.w., for tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and diphenyltin (DPhT), respectively. On the other side, organolead concentrations ranged from 85 to 668 with an average of 279 ng/g as lead. High concentrations of organolead compounds in sewage sludge indicated that the environmental impact of organolead compounds remains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Sysalová J, Sýkorová I, Havelcová M, Száková J, Trejtnarová H, Kotlík B. Toxicologically important trace elements and organic compounds investigated in size-fractionated urban particulate matter collected near the Prague highway. Sci Total Environ 2012; 437:127-136. [PMID: 22940040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Urban particulate matter was collected in the most exposed area of Prague, near a busy highway, in order to provide petrographic and chemical characterization useful for health impact assessment in that locality or other applications. Samples were collected from filters of the air conditioning system in two years, 2009 and 2010, and sieved into four grain-size fractions: 0.507-0.119 mm, 0.119-0.063 mm, <0.063 mm and sub-fraction <0.025 mm. Methods of destructive and non-destructive analyses were used for the determination of total analyte (As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) contents. Labile forms of some toxicologically important analytes were tested in 2 M HNO(3) extracted solutions. A composition of inorganic and carbonaceous particles of natural and anthropogenic origin and their morphology were studied by optical and electron microscopy. Organic solvent extracts of the samples were analyzed using gas chromatography to compare the organic compound distribution in fractions. Only slight differences between 2009 and 2010 years are visible. The relatively high extractable part of most investigated elements confirms mobility and potential availability to organisms. The changes can be recognized in the petrographic and organic composition in samples from both years, which were likely the result of various inputs of source materials. Specific organic marker compounds indicate contribution from fossil fuels, plant materials and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Sysalová
- Institute of Chemical Technology, AAS Laboratory, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Pröfrock D, Prange A. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for quantitative analysis in environmental and life sciences: a review of challenges, solutions, and trends. Appl Spectrosc 2012; 66:843-68. [PMID: 22800465 DOI: 10.1366/12-06681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This focal point review provides an overview of recent developments and capabilities of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled with different separation techniques for applications in the fields of quantitative environmental and bio-analysis. Over the past years numerous technical improvements, which are highlighted in this review, have helped to promote the evolution of ICP-MS to one of the most versatile tools for elemental quantification. In particular, the benefits and possibilities of using state-of-the-art hyphenated ICP-MS approaches for quantitative analysis are demonstrated with a focus on environmental and bio-analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pröfrock
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht-Zentrum für Material und Küstenforschung, Department Marine Bioanalytical Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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Okamura H, Togosmaa L, Sawamoto T, Fukushi K, Nishida T, Beppu T. Effects of metal pyrithione antifoulants on freshwater macrophyte Lemna gibba G3 determined by image analysis. Ecotoxicology 2012; 21:1102-1111. [PMID: 22350106 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Copper pyrithione (CuPT(2)) and zinc pyrithione (ZnPT(2)) are two popular antifouling agents that prevent biofouling. Research into the environmental effects of metal pyrithiones has mainly focused on aquatic animal species such as fish and crustaceans, and little attention has been paid to primary producers. There have been few reports on residues in environmental matrices because of the high photolabile characteristics of the agents. Residue analyses and ecological effects of the metabolites and metal pyrithiones are not yet fully understood. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of CuPT(2), ZnPT(2), and six metabolites (PT(2): 2,2'-dithio-bispyridine N-oxide, PS(2): 2,2'-dithio-bispyridine, PSA: pyridine-2-sulfonic acid, HPT: 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide, HPS: 2-mercaptopyridine, and PO: pyridine N-oxide) on a freshwater macrophyte. A 7-day static bioassay using axenic duckweed Lemna gibba G3 was performed under laboratory conditions. Toxic effects of test compounds were assessed by biomass reduction and morphological changes were determined in image analysis. Concentrations of ZnPT(2) and CuPT(2) and those of PT(2) and HPT in the medium were determined by derivatizing 2,2'-dithio-bispyridine mono-N-oxide with pyridine disulfide/ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid reagent that was equimolar with pyrithione. The toxic intensity of the compounds was calculated from the measured concentrations after 7-day exposure. ZnPT(2), CuPT(2), PT(2), and HPT inhibited the growth of L. gibba with EC(50) ranging from 77 to 140 μg/l as calculated from the total frond number as the conventional index, whereas the other four metabolites had less effect even at 10 mg/l. The presence of the former four toxic derivatives resulted in abnormally shaped and unhealthily colored fronds, whose size was about 20% of the control fronds. EC(50), calculated from the healthy frond area determined in image analysis, ranged from 10 to 53 μg/l. Thus, image analysis as part of a duckweed bioassay can detect the toxic effects of pyrithione derivatives with 3-10 times higher sensitivity than the traditional index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami 5-1-1, Kobe, Japan.
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Higgins KA, Chivers PT, Maroney MJ. Role of the N-terminus in determining metal-specific responses in the E. coli Ni- and Co-responsive metalloregulator, RcnR. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7081-93. [PMID: 22471551 PMCID: PMC3375346 DOI: 10.1021/ja300834b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RcnR (resistance to cobalt and nickel regulator) is a 40-kDa homotetrameric protein and metalloregulator that controls the transcription of the Co(II) and Ni(II) exporter, RcnAB, by binding to DNA as an apoprotein and releasing DNA in response to specifically binding Co(II) and Ni(II) ions. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to examine the structure of metals bound and lacZ reporter assays of the transcription of RcnA in response to metal binding, in WT and mutant proteins, the roles of coordination number, ligand selection, and residues in the N-terminus of the protein were examined as determinants in metal ion recognition. The studies show that the cognate metal ions, Co(II) and Ni(II), which bind in (N/O)(5)S six-coordinate sites, are distinguished from non-cognate metal ions (Cu(I) and Zn(II)), which bind only three protein ligands and one anion from the buffer, by coordination number and ligand selection. Using mutations of residues near the N-terminus, the N-terminal amine is shown to be a ligand of the cognate metal ions that is missing in the complexes with non-cognate metal ions. The side chain of His3 is also shown to play an important role in distinguishing metal ions. The imidazole group is shown to be a ligand in the Co(II) RcnR complex, but not in the Zn(II) complex. Further, His3 does not appear to bind to Ni(II), providing a structural basis for the differential regulation of RcnAB by the two cognate ions. The Zn(II) complexes change coordination number in response to the residue in position three. In H3C-RcnR, the Zn(II) complex is five-coordinate, and in H3E-RcnR the Zn(II) ion is bound to six protein ligands. The metric parameters of this unusual Zn(II) structure resemble those of the WT-Ni(II) complex, and the mutant protein is able to regulate expression of RcnAB in response to binding the non-cognate ion. The results are discussed within a protein allosteric model for gene regulation by metalloregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadine A. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Peter T. Chivers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO 63110
| | - Michael J. Maroney
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Nakakoshi M, Nishioka H, Katayama E. New versatile staining reagents for biological transmission electron microscopy that substitute for uranyl acetate. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2011; 60:401-7. [PMID: 22146677 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfr084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous uranyl acetate has been extensively used as a superb staining reagent for transmission electron microscopy of biological materials. However, recent regulation of nuclear fuel material severely restricts its use even for purely scientific purposes. Since uranyl salts are hazardous due to biological toxicity and remaining radioactivity, development of safe and non-radioactive substitutes is greatly anticipated. We examined two lanthanide salts, samarium triacetate and gadolinium triacetate, and found that 1-10% solution of these reagents was safe but still possess excellent capability for staining thin sections of plastic-embedded materials of animal and plant origin. Although post-fixation with osmium tetroxide was essential for high-contrast staining, post-staining with lead citrate could be eliminated if a slow-scan CCD camera is available for observation. These lanthanide salts can also be utilized as good negative-staining reagents to study supramolecular architecture of biological macromolecules. They were not as effective as a fixative of protein assembly, reflecting the non-hazardous nature of the reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nakakoshi
- Division of Biomolecular Imaging, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Zhou P, Zheng Z, Lu W, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Pang D, Hu B, He Z, Wang H. Multicolor Labeling of Living-Virus Particles in Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:670-4. [PMID: 22135093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao B, Du X, Ma J, Li J. Development of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop for the determination of trace nickel. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1381-93. [PMID: 21598026 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A liquid-phase microextraction technique was developed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry, for the extraction and determination of trace amounts of nickel in water samples. Microextraction efficiency factors, such as the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, pH, extraction time, the chelating agent amount, and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 4.23-250 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 1.27 μg L(-1). The relative standard deviation for ten replicate measurements of 10 and 100 μg L(-1) of nickel were 3.21% and 2.55%, respectively. The proposed method was assessed through the analysis of certified reference water or recovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
An extensive series of heterometal-iron-sulfur single cubane-type clusters with core oxidation levels [MFe(3)S(3)Q](3+,2+) (M = Mo, W; Q = S, Se) has been prepared by means of a new method of cluster self-assembly. The procedure utilizes the assembly system [((t)Bu(3)tach)M(VI)S(3)]/FeCl(2)/Na(2)Q/NaSR in acetonitrile/THF and affords product clusters in 30-50% yield. The trisulfido precursor acts as a template, binding Fe(II) under reducing conditions and supplying the MS(3) unit of the product. The system leads to specific incorporation of a μ(3)-chalcogenide from an external source (Na(2)Q) and affords the products [((t)Bu(3)tach)MFe(3)S(3)QL(3)](0/1-) (L = Cl(-), RS(-)), among which are the first MFe(3)S(3)Se clusters prepared. Some 16 clusters have been prepared, 13 of which have been characterized by X-ray structure determinations including the incomplete cubane [((t)Bu(3)tach)MoFe(2)S(3)Cl(2)(μ(2)-SPh)], a possible trapped intermediate in the assembly process. Comparisons of structural and electronic features of clusters differing only in atom Q at one cubane vertex are provided. In comparative pairs of complexes differing only in Q, placement of one selenide atom in the core increases core volumes by about 2% over the Q = S case, sets the order Q = Se > S in Fe-Q bond lengths and Q = S > Se in Fe-Q-Fe bond angles, causes small positive shifts in redox potentials, and has an essentially nil effect on (57)Fe isomer shifts. Iron mean oxidation states and charge distributions are assigned to most clusters from isomer shifts. ((t)Bu(3)tach = 1,3,5-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - R. H. Holm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Lo W, Huang S, Zheng SL, Holm RH. Cubane-type Fe4S4 clusters with chiral thiolate ligation: formation by ligand substitution, detection of intermediates by 1H NMR, and solid state structures including spontaneous resolution upon crystallization. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11082-90. [PMID: 21942299 PMCID: PMC3215100 DOI: 10.1021/ic2016269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cubane-type clusters [Fe(4)S(4)(SR*)(4)](2-) containing chiral thiolate ligands with R* = CH(Me)Ph (1), CH(2)CH(Me)Et (2), and CH(2)CH(OH)CH(2)OH (3) have been prepared by ligand substitution in the reaction systems [Fe(4)S(4)(SEt)(4)]/R*SH (1-3, acetonitrile) and [Fe(4)S(4)Cl(4)](2-)/NaSR*(3, Me(2)SO). Reactions with successive equivalents of thiol or thiolate generate the species [Fe(4)S(4)L(4-n)(SR*)(n)](2-) (L = SEt, Cl) with n = 1-4. Clusters 1 and 2 were prepared with racemic thiols leading to the possible formation of one enantiomeric pair (n = 1) and seven diastereomers and their enantiomers (n = 2-4). Reactions were monitored by isotropically shifted (1)H NMR spectra in acetonitrile or Me(2)SO. In systems affording 1 and 2 as final products, individual mixed-ligand species could not be detected. However, crystallization of (Et(4)N)(2)[1] afforded 1-[SS(RS)(RS)] in which two sites are disordered because of occupancy of R and S ligands. Similarly, (Et(4)N)(2)[2] led to 2-[SSSS], a consequence of spontaneous resolution upon crystallization. The clusters 3-[RRRR] and 3-[SSSS] were obtained from enantiomerically pure thiols. Successive reactions lead to detection of species with n = 1-4 by appearance of four pairs of diastereotopic SCH(2) signals in both acetonitrile and Me(2)SO reaction systems. Identical spectra were obtained with racemic, R-(-), and S-(+) thiols, indicating that ligand-ligand interactions are too weak to allow detection of diastereomers (e.g., [SSSS] vs [SSRR]). The stability of 3 in Me(2)SO/H(2)O media is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Shaw Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - R. H. Holm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Gall' NR, Fomina NS, Bazhenov AN, Masiukevich SV, Kretinina AV, Gall' LN. [ERIAD mass spectrometry (electrospray with controlled fragmentation) is the common method for metallomics and biochemistry of elementoorganic molecules]. Biofizika 2011; 56:928-938. [PMID: 22117448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The physical aspects of the ERIAD method (electrospray with controlled fragmentation) in terms of the problems of metallomics and biochemistry of elementoorganic compounds have been considered. It was shown that the method is well suited to study the objects of this class since it enables one to change from the molecular to the elemental analysis merely by changing the voltage between the nozzle and the skimmer. In the regime of molecular analysis, it is possible to determine the mass of the molecule as a whole and decipher its structure by controlled fragmentation, and in the regime of elemental analysis the number of atoms of heteroelements incorporated in the molecule can be quantified.
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Abstract
A mini-review of the characterisation of metal-containing compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) is presented. Organometallic and coordination compounds have many varied applications, most notably in industrial catalytic processes and also in the electronics and healthcare sectors. In general, the compounds discussed, be they small or large molecules, have a high percentage metal content, rather than simply containing 'a metal atom'. A brief history of the field is given, but the main scope over the last 5 years is covered in some detail. How MALDI-TOFMS compliments electrospray for metal-containing compounds is highlighted. Perspectives on recent advances, such as solvent-free and air/moisture-sensitive sample preparation, and potential future challenges and developments, such as nanomaterials and metallodrug/metallometabolite imaging, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Wyatt
- EPSRC National Mass Spectrometry Service Centre (NMSSC), Institute of Mass Spectrometry (IMS), College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Kaczynska K, Walski M, Szereda-Przestaszewska M. Ultrastructural changes in lung tissue after acute lead intoxication in the rat. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2011; 60:289-294. [PMID: 21606044 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfr035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity of lead was studied in rats after an intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Three consecutive days of treatment increased lead content in the whole blood to 2.1 µg/dl and in lung homogenate it attained 9.62 µg/g w.w. versus control values of 0.17 µg/dl and 0.78 µg/g w.w., respectively. At the ultrastructural level, the effects of lead toxicity were observed in lung capillaries, interstitium, epithelial cells and alveolar lining layer. Accumulation of aggregated platelets, leucocytic elements and monocytes was found within capillaries. Interstitium comprised a substantial number of collagen, elastin filaments and lipofibroblasts. Lamellar bodies of type II pneumocytes contained phospolipid lamellae, which stratified into an irregular arrangement. Pulmonary alveoli were filled with macrophages. The extracellular lining layer of lung alveoli was partially destroyed. This study provided evidence that acute lead intoxication affects the whole lung parenchyma and by impairing production of the surfactant might disturb the regular respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczynska
- Laboratory of Respiratory Reflexes, PAS Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Pawinskiego Str. 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Monasterio RP, Londonio JA, Farias SS, Smichowski P, Wuilloud RG. Organic solvent-free reversed-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry for organoarsenic species determination in several matrices. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:3566-3574. [PMID: 21388170 DOI: 10.1021/jf104654y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed to determine As-containing animal feed additives including roxarsone (ROX), p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) and nitarsone (NIT), as well as other organic As species (dimethylarsonic acid (DMAA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA)) by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (IP-HPLC-HG-AFS). A simple isocratic reversed-phase (RP) HPLC method with a mobile phase containing citric acid and sodium hexanesulfonate (pH 2.0) was developed using a C(18) column. The use of an organic solvent free mobile phase turns this methodology into an environmentally friendly alternative. Several ion pair forming agents, such as sodium hexanesulfonate, tetrabutylammonium bisulfate and perfluoroheptanoic acid, were studied. The limits of detection for As species were calculated in standard solution and resulted to be 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 1.6, and 1.6 μg As L(-1) for MMAA, DMAA, p-ASA, ROX and NIT, respectively. This method exhibited convenient operation, high sensitivity and good repeatability. It was applied to As speciation in different samples including arugula, dog food, dog urine and chicken liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina P Monasterio
- Analytical Chemistry Research and Development Group (QUIANID), LISAMEN-CCT-CONICET-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
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