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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Ren L, Li J, Lin W, Lou L, Wang M, Li C, Jiang Y. Proteomic analysis of DEN and CCl 4-induced hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8013. [PMID: 38580754 PMCID: PMC10997670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously threatens human health, mostly developed from liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Since diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HCC mouse model almost recapitulates the characteristic of HCC with fibrosis and inflammation, it is taken as an essential tool to investigate the pathogenesis of HCC. However, a comprehensive understanding of the protein expression profile of this model is little. In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of this model to elucidate its proteomic characteristics. Compared with normal liver tissues, 432 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in tumor tissues, among which 365 were up-regulated and 67 were down-regulated. Through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis and Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis of DEPs, we identified two distinguishing features of DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model in protein expression, the upregulation of actin cytoskeleton and branched-chain amino acids metabolic reprogramming. In addition, matching DEPs from the mouse model to homologous proteins in the human HCC cohort revealed that the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model was relatively similar to the subtype of HCC with poor prognosis. Finally, combining clinical information from the HCC cohort, we screened seven proteins with prognostic significance, SMAD2, PTPN1, PCNA, MTHFD1L, MBOAT7, FABP5, and AGRN. Overall, we provided proteomic data of the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model and highlighted the important proteins and pathways in it, contributing to the rational application of this model in HCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liangliang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Junqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lijuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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2
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Hussein S, Soliman NA, Dahmy SIE, Khamis T, Sameh R, Mostafa FM. Effectiveness of cannabidiol (CBD) on histopathological changes and gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in male rats: the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:337-343. [PMID: 38296878 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The third most prevalent malignancy to cause mortality is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is activated by binding to the transmembrane receptor Patched-1 (PTCH-1), which depresses the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). This study was performed to examine the preventative and therapeutic effects of cannabidiol in adult rats exposed to diethyl nitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC.A total of 50 male rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each. Group I was the control group. Group II received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of DENA for 14 weeks. Group III included rats that received cannabidiol (CBD) orally (3-30 mg/kg) for 2 weeks and DENA injections for 14 weeks. Group IV rats received oral CBD for 2 weeks before 14 weeks of DENA injections. Group V included rats that received CBD orally for 2 weeks after their last injection of DENA. Measurements were made for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and alpha fetoprotein (AFP). Following total RNA extraction, Smo, Hhip, Ptch-1, and Gli-1 expressions were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A histopathological analysis of liver tissues was performed.The liver enzymes, oxidant-antioxidant state, morphological, and molecular parameters of the adult male rat model of DENA-induced HCC showed a beneficial improvement after CBD administration. In conclusion, by focusing on the Hh signaling system, administration of CBD showed a beneficial improvement in the liver enzymes, oxidant-antioxidant status, morphological, and molecular parameters in the DENA-induced HCC in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Hussein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nabil A Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Samih I El Dahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Reham Sameh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Mostafa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt
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3
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Hong J, Du K, Jin H, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Chen D, Zheng S, Cao L. Evidence of promoting effects of 6:2 Cl-PFESA on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation in humans: An ideal alternative for PFOS in terms of environmental health? Environ Int 2024; 186:108582. [PMID: 38513556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals, encompassing compounds like perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which have widespread applications across various industries, including food packaging and firefighting. In recent years, China has increasingly employed 6:2 Cl-PFESA as an alternative to PFOS. Although the association between PFAS exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms that promote HCC proliferation are uncleared. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects and differences of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA on HCC proliferation through in vivo and in vitro tumor models. Our results reveal that both PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA significantly contribute to HCC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Exposure led to reduced population doubling times, enlarged cell colony sizes, enhanced DNA synthesis efficiency, and a higher proportion of cells undergoing mitosis. Furthermore, both PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFES) have been shown to activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibit necroptosis. This action consequently enhances the proliferation of HCC cells. Our phenotypic assay findings suggest that the tumorigenic potential of 6:2 Cl-PFESA surpasses that of PFOS; in a subcutaneous tumor model using nude mice, the mean tumor weight for the 6:2 Cl-PFESA-treated cohort was 2.33 times that observed in the PFOS cohort (p < 0.01). Despite 6:2 Cl-PFESA being considered a safer substitute for PFOS, the pronounced effects of this chemical on HCC cell growth warrant a thorough assessment of hepatotoxicity risks linked to its usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Keyi Du
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Innovation Research Center of Advanced Environmental Technology, Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Innovation Research Center of Advanced Environmental Technology, Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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4
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Wan G, Zhang Z, Chen J, Li M, Li J. GenX caused liver injury and potential hepatocellular carcinoma of mice via drinking water even at environmental concentration. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123574. [PMID: 38365076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) is an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), whose environmental concentration is close to its maximum allowable value established by the US Environmental Protection Agency, so its effects on human health are of great concern. The liver is one of the most crucial target organ for GenX, but whether GenX exposure induces liver cancer still unclear. In this research project, male C57 mice were disposed to GenX in drinking water at environmental concentrations (0.1 and 10 μg/L) and higher concentrations (1 and 100 mg/L) for 14 weeks to explore its effects on liver injury and potential carcinogenicity in mice. GenX was found to cause a dose-dependent increase in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). As the content of GenX in drinking water increased, so did the concentrations of Glypican-3 (GPC-3) and detachment gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), indicators of early hepatocellular cancer. GenX destroyed the boundaries and arrangements of hepatocytes, in which monocyte infiltration, balloon-like transformation, and obvious lipid vacuoles were observed between cells. Following exposure to GenX, Masson sections revealed a significant quantity of collagen deposition in the liver. Alpha-feto protein (AFP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki67, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene expression increased in a dose-dependent manner in the treatment group relative to the control group. In general, drinking water GenX exposure induced liver function impairment, elevated blood lipid level, caused liver pathological structure damage and liver fibrosis lesions, changed the liver inflammatory microenvironment, and increased the concentration of liver-related tumor indicator even in the environmental concentration, suggesting GenX is a potential carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Wan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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García-Carrillo R, Molina-Pelayo FA, Zarate-Lopez D, Cabrera-Aguilar A, Ortega-Domínguez B, Domínguez-López M, Chiquete-Félix N, Dagnino-Acosta A, Velasco-Loyden G, Chávez E, Castro-Sánchez L, de Sánchez VC. An adenosine derivative promotes mitochondrial supercomplexes reorganization and restoration of mitochondria structure and bioenergetics in a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6348. [PMID: 38491051 PMCID: PMC10943223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria and bioenergetics impairment. However, no data about the relationship between mitochondrial supercomplexes (hmwSC) formation and ATP production rates in HCC are available. Our group has developed an adenosine derivative, IFC-305, which improves mitochondrial function, and it has been proposed as a therapeutic candidate for HCC. We aimed to determine the role of IFC-305 on both mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics in a sequential cirrhosis-HCC model in rats. Our results showed that IFC-305 administration decreased the number and size of liver tumors, reduced the expression of tumoral markers, and reestablished the typical architecture of the hepatic parenchyma. The livers of treated rats showed a reduction of mitochondria number, recovery of the mtDNA/nDNA ratio, and mitochondrial length. Also, IFC-305 increased cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine levels and promoted hmwSC reorganization with changes in the expression levels of hmwSC assembly-related genes. IFC-305 in HCC modified the expression of several genes encoding elements of electron transport chain complexes and increased the ATP levels by recovering the complex I, III, and V activity. We propose that IFC-305 restores the mitochondrial bioenergetics in HCC by normalizing the quantity, morphology, and function of mitochondria, possibly as part of its hepatic restorative effect.
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Grants
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- FOP02-2022-02 project 321696 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- Ciencia de Frontera-2019 project 501204 Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- PAPIIT-UNAM project IN214419 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo García-Carrillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | | | - David Zarate-Lopez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bibiana Ortega-Domínguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Domínguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Natalia Chiquete-Félix
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adan Dagnino-Acosta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
- CONAHCYT-Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México
| | - Gabriela Velasco-Loyden
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enrique Chávez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Castro-Sánchez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México.
- CONAHCYT-Universidad de Colima, 28045, Colima, México.
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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Yuan F, Lenneman C, Krone R, Williams GR, Outlaw D, Katsnelson M, Lirette S. Cardiovascular adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. Pharmacotherapy 2024; 44:214-223. [PMID: 38009283 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-angiogenics, are first-line therapies for advanced and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Although TKIs have a greater potential for off-target adverse effects compared with bevacizumab (anti-angiogenics), a direct comparison of the risk of cardiovascular adverse events between these two types of therapies has not been performed. OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of and characterize cardiovascular adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving TKIs versus bevacizumab. METHODS This cohort study included adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received first-line TKIs (sorafenib or lenvatinib) or bevacizumab at two academic medical centers and one community cancer center from September 2018 to August 2021. The primary outcome was risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Major secondary outcomes included the incidence of individual types of cardiovascular adverse events and risk factors associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESULTS The study included 221 patients (159 TKI patients; 62 bevacizumab patients). At a median follow-up of 5 months, the probability of cardiovascular adverse events was not significantly different between the two groups (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.58-1.24; p = 0.390). The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events was highest in patients receiving lenvatinib (sub-distribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.02-2.30) compared with those receiving sorafenib (reference) or bevacizumab (SHR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.68-1.64) after adjustment for comorbidities, liver transplant status, and presence of portal vein thrombosis at baseline. Cardiovascular adverse events were observed in 151 (68%) patients, and MACE were observed in 27 (12%) patients. Risk factors associated with MACE were hypertension (SHR: 3.5; 95% CI: 0.9087-15.83; p = 0.086), prior history of MACE (SHR: 2.01; 95% CI: 0.83-4.87; p = 0.124), and tobacco use (SHR: 2.85; 95% CI: 0.90-8.97; p = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular risk was not significantly different between TKIs and bevacizumab. Lenvatinib appears to have the highest risk of cardiovascular adverse events among these first-line VEGF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Research, Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, Texas, USA
| | - Carrie Lenneman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ronald Krone
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grant R Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Darryl Outlaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Katsnelson
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen Lirette
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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7
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Abdelhady R, Mohammed OA, Doghish AS, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Alamri MMS, Alharthi MH, Alfaifi J, Adam MIE, Alhalafi AH, Mohammed NA, Isa AI, Abdel-Ghany S, Attia MA, Elmorsy EA, Al-Noshokaty TM, Nomier Y, El-Dakroury WA, Saber S. Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, activates AMPK/FOXO3a and suppresses NFκB to mitigate the debilitating effects of diethylnitrosamine exposure in rat liver: Novel mechanistic insights. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23480. [PMID: 38354025 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302461rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of FOXO3a plays a significant role in the progression of various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FOXO3a inactivation, driven by oncogenic stimuli, can lead to abnormal cell growth, suppression of apoptosis, and resistance to anticancer drugs. Therefore, FOXO3a emerges as a potential molecular target for the development of innovative treatments in the era of oncology. Linagliptin (LNGTN), a DPP-4 inhibitor known for its safe profile, has exhibited noteworthy anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in previous in vivo studies. Several potential molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain these effects. However, the capacity of LNGTN to activate FOXO3a through AMPK activation has not been investigated. In our investigation, we examined the potential repurposing of LNGTN as a hepatoprotective agent against diethylnitrosamine (DENA) intoxication. Additionally, we assessed LNGTN's impact on apoptosis and autophagy. Following a 10-week administration of DENA, the liver underwent damage marked by inflammation and early neoplastic alterations. Our study presents the first experimental evidence demonstrating that LNGTN can reinstate the aberrantly regulated FOXO3a activity by elevating the nuclear fraction of FOXO3a in comparison to the cytosolic fraction, subsequent to AMPK activation. Moreover, noteworthy inactivation of NFκB induced by LNGTN was observed. These effects culminated in the initiation of apoptosis, the activation of autophagy, and the manifestation of anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic outcomes. These effects were concomitant with improved liver function and microstructure. In conclusion, our findings open new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the AMPK/FOXO3a signaling pathway in the management of chronic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abdelhady
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohannad Mohammad S Alamri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muffarah Hamid Alharthi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoud I E Adam
- Department of Medical Education and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hassan Alhalafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid A Mohammed
- Department of Physiology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adamu Imam Isa
- Department of Physiology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameh Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Attia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed A Elmorsy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yousra Nomier
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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Chen C, Wu H, Fu X, Li R, Cheng H, Wang M, Zhou A, Zhang M, Li Q. A UPLC-QTOF/MS-based hepatic tissue metabolomics approach deciphers the mechanism of Huachansu tablets-based intervention against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115875. [PMID: 38061172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Huachansu (HCS) tablets, classified as well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation, have been proved to be effective in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanism of HCS tablets against HCC has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, a rat model of HCC was established with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) inducer. The efficacy of HCS tablets against HCC was assessed through liver histopathological examination and evaluation of biochemical indicators. A metabolomics method based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with multivariate data analysis was established to identify differential metabolites related to the inhibition effect of HCS tablets on HCC, and then the relevant metabolic pathway analysis was performed to investigate the anti-HCC mechanisms of HCS tablets. The results showed that compared to the control group, the HCC model group showed a significant increase in the values of HCC-related biochemical indicators and the number of tumor nodules, indicating the successful establishment of the HCC rat model. Upon treatment with HCS tablets, the values of HCC-related biochemical indicators decreased, liver fibrosis and nuclear deformation were also significantly alleviated. A total of 15 differential metabolites associated with the anti-tumor effect of HCS tablets on HCC were screened and annotated through hepatic tissue metabolomics studies. Analysis of metabolic pathways revealed that the therapeutic effects of HCS tablets on HCC mainly involved the pentose and glucuronate interconversions and arachidonic acid metabolism. Further western blotting corroborated that the alteration in arachidonic acid (AA) level after the intervention of HCS tablets was related to the inhibition of cPLA2α expression in rat liver tissues. In conclusion, HCS tablets exhibit a certain anti-tumor effect on HCC, and the metabolomics method based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with further verification at the biochemical level is a promising way to reveal its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - An Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
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Li J, Tuo D, Cheng T, Deng Z, Gan J. GCF2 mediates nicotine-induced cancer stemness and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 271:115952. [PMID: 38218109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the most impactful behavior-related risk factors for multiple cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nicotine, as the principal component of tobacco, is not only responsible for smoking addiction but also a carcinogen; nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that nicotine enhances HCC cancer stemness and malignant progression by upregulating the expression of GC-rich binding factor 2 (GCF2), a gene that was revealed to be upregulated in HCC and whose upregulation predicts poor prognosis, and subsequently activating the Wnt/ꞵ-catenin/SOX2 signaling pathway. We found that nicotine significantly increased GCF2 expression and that silencing of GCF2 reduced nicotine-induced cancer stemness and progression. Mechanistically, nicotine could stabilize the protein level of GCF2, and then GCF2 could robustly activate its downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, our results thus suggest that GCF2 is a potential target for a therapeutic strategy against nicotine-promoted HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Dayun Tuo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Tan Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guilin Hospital of the Second Xiangya Hospital CSU, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China.
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10
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Kim Y, Kang BE, Gariani K, Gariani J, Lee J, Kim HJ, Lee CW, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J, Ryu D. Loss of hepatic Sirt7 accelerates diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced formation of hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing DNA damage repair. BMB Rep 2024; 57:98-103. [PMID: 38303560 PMCID: PMC10910089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian sirtuin family (SIRT1-SIRT7) has shown diverse biological roles in the regulation and maintenance of genome stability under genotoxic stress. SIRT7, one of the least studied sirtuin, has been demonstrated to be a key factor for DNA damage response (DDR). However, conflicting results have proposed that Sirt7 is an oncogenic factor to promote transformation in cancer cells. To address this inconsistency, we investigated properties of SIRT7 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) regulation under DNA damage and found that loss of hepatic Sirt7 accelerated HCC progression. Specifically, the number, size, and volume of hepatic tumor colonies in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injected Sirt7-deficient liver were markedly enhanced. Further, levels of HCC progression markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in the absence of hepatic Sirt7, unlike those in the control. In chromatin, SIRT7 was stabilized and colocalized to damage site by inhibiting the induction of γH2AX under DNA damage. Together, our findings suggest that SIRT7 is a crucial factor for DNA damage repair and that hepatic loss-of-Sirt7 can promote genomic instability and accelerate HCC development, unlike early studies describing that Sirt7 is an oncogenic factor [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 98-103].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Baeki E. Kang
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Korea
| | - Joanna Gariani
- Department of Radiology, Hirslanden Grangettes Clinic, Geneva 1224, Switzerland, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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11
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Hong J, Wang X, Jin H, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Du K, Chen D, Zheng S, Cao L. Environment relevant exposure of perfluorooctanoic acid accelerates the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:122910. [PMID: 37967710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a synthetic alkyl chain fluorinated compound, has emerged as a persistent organic pollutant of grave concern, casting a shadow over both ecological integrity and humans. Its insidious presence raises alarms due to its capacity to bioaccumulate within the human liver, potentially paving the treacherous path toward liver cancer. Yet, the intricate mechanisms underpinning PFOA's role in promoting the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain shrouded in ambiguity. Here, we determined the proliferation and transcription changes of HCC after PFOA exposure through integrated experiments including cell culture, nude mice tests, and colony-forming assays. Based on our findings, PFOA effectively promotes the proliferation of HCC cells within the experimental range of concentrations, both in vivo and in vitro. The proliferation efficiency of HCC cells was observed to increase by approximately 10% due to overexposure to PFOA. Additionally, the cancer weight of tumor-bearing nude mice increased by 87.0% (p < 0.05). We systematically evaluated the effects of PFOA on HCC cells and found that PFOA's exposure can selectively activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling pathway, thereby playing a pro-cancer effect on HCC cells Confirmation echoed through western blot assays and inhibitor combination analyses. These insights summon a response to PFOA's dual nature as both an environmental threat and a promoter of liver cancer. Our work illuminates the obscured domain of PFOA-induced hepatoxicity, shedding light on its ties to hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Keyi Du
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
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12
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Boye A, Asiamah EA, Martey O, Ayertey F. Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Fruit Peel Extract Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Biomed Res Int 2024; 2024:6673550. [PMID: 38204757 PMCID: PMC10776197 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6673550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Traditional herbal medicine practitioners in the Ashanti region of Ghana use the fruit peels of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (C. limon) in preventive and curative treatment of many cancers including liver cancer. This ethnobotanical claim remains to be verified scientifically. Aim of the Study. This study investigated prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-HCC effects of C. limon peel extract (LPE) in CCl4/olive oil-induced HCC-like rats. Materials and Methods After preparation of LPE, it was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard phytochemical methods. A total of 30 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-200 g) were randomly assigned into six groups of 5 rats each. Rats in the control group received olive oil (5 mL/kg ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in the model group received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in capecitabine (10 mg/kg po) and LPE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg po) groups received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, i.p) in the morning and their respective treatments in the afternoon twice a week for 16 weeks. Rats in all groups had free access to food and water ad libitum. Body weight and survival rates were monitored. Rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, blood was collected, and liver and other organs were isolated. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), prothrombin time, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha- (α-) fetoprotein (AFP), and liver histology were assessed. Results Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were detected in LPE. Model rats demonstrated increased serum levels of AFP, CRP, ALP, GGT, ALT, and AST, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, but decreased serum albumin and total protein compared to control rats. Unlike the control, model rats demonstrated fat accumulation in periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes and neoplastic transformation. Semiquantitation of periodic acid Schiff- (PAS-) stained liver sections showed decreased glycogen storage in hepatocytes of model rats compared to control rats. Compared to the model, LPE treatment protected against CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which was evidenced by decreased AFP, CRP, liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, prothrombin time, and blood lymphocyte and monocyte counts; attenuation of fat accumulation; and increased glycogen storage, albumin, and total protein. Conclusion LPE abates CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by attenuating liver inflammation and improving metabolic, biosynthetic, and detoxification functions of the liver. The prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of LPE are attributable to its phytochemical composition raising hopes of finding potential anticancer bioactive compounds from C. limon fruit peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Orleans Martey
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Eastern Region, Ghana
| | - Frederick Ayertey
- Department of Phytochemistry, Center for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Eastern Region, Ghana
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13
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Oluyomi AO, Thrift AP, Olayode A, Symanski E, Roy H, El-Serag HB. Race/ethnicity and sex differences in the association between area-level arsenic exposure concentration and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates in Texas. An ecological study. Environ Res 2024; 240:117538. [PMID: 37926230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Texas has the highest rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the United States. Exposure to toxicants may play a role in liver disease. Several mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis have been proposed, however, the evidence in human populations is limited to associations between HCC and ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Through an ecological study, we examined associations between ambient arsenic and HCC incidence rates. METHODS Primary outcome was HCC incidence rates based on Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) data. Primary exposure of interest was the simulated census-tract level estimate of arsenic exposure concentration (EC) from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2011 National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). We analyzed the association between the arsenic EC and HCC using the negative binomial Poisson regression model separately for six study groups that were based on race/ethnicity and sex. We adjusted the main analyses for selected characteristics. RESULTS Texas has 5265 census tracts and TCR reported 18,235 new ≥20 years old HCC diagnoses between 2007 and 2015. We observed significant differences along racial-ethnic and sex groups while accounting for socioeconomic deprivation, urban/rural residency, and senior residents' health insurance status. Census tracts with the highest arsenic EC had elevated rates of HCC among NH black men (Quintile 5 vs. Quintile 1: IRR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.66-2.86), NH black women (Quintile 5 vs. Quintile 1: IRR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.33-2.22) and NH white men (Quintile 5 vs. Quintile 1: IRR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.24-1.54). The associations in the remaining study groups were either inconsistent or attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests a potential inhalation pathway for the Arsenic-HCC association; however, the ecological nature of our study precludes the interpretation of a causal link between exposure to aerial arsenic and HCC. This finding needs to be further examined in cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Oluyomi
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Aaron P Thrift
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Adegboyega Olayode
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hemant Roy
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Clinical Epidemiology and Comparative Effectiveness Program in the Health Services Research, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Clinical Epidemiology and Comparative Effectiveness Program in the Health Services Research, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Clinical Epidemiology and Comparative Effectiveness Program, Section of Health Services Research (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Medical Center Digestive Disease Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Sotty J, Bablon P, Weiss PH, Soussan P. Diethylnitrosamine Induction of Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2769:15-25. [PMID: 38315386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3694-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a chemical hepatocarcinogenic agent that triggers a large array of oncogenic mutations after a single injection. Initiated hepatocytes subsequently undergo clonal expansion within a proliferative environment, rendering the DEN model a comprehensive carcinogen. In rodent studies, DEN finds extensive utility in experimental liver cancer research, mimicking several aspects of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune exhaustion, and the ability to metastasize. Beyond the wealth of scientific insights gleaned from this model, the objective of this chapter is to review morphological, genomic, and immunological characteristics associated to DEN-induced HCC. Furthermore, this chapter provides a detailed procedural guide to effectively induce hepatocarcinogenesis in mice through a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Sotty
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bablon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Paul-Henry Weiss
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
- Département de Virologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France.
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15
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Chun HS, Papatheodoridis GV, Lee M, Lee HA, Kim YH, Kim SH, Oh YS, Park SJ, Kim J, Lee HA, Kim HY, Kim TH, Yoon EL, Jun DW, Ahn SH, Sypsa V, Yurdaydin C, Lampertico P, Calleja JL, Janssen HLA, Dalekos GN, Goulis J, Berg T, Buti M, Kim SU, Kim YJ. PAGE-B incorporating moderate HBV DNA levels predicts risk of HCC among patients entering into HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2024; 80:20-30. [PMID: 37734683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent studies reported that moderate HBV DNA levels are significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive, non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to develop and validate a new risk score to predict HCC development using baseline moderate HBV DNA levels in patients entering into HBeAg-positive CHB from chronic infection. METHODS This multicenter cohort study recruited 3,585 HBeAg-positive, non-cirrhotic patients who started antiviral treatment with entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at phase change into CHB from chronic infection in 23 tertiary university-affiliated hospitals of South Korea (2012-2020). A new HCC risk score (PAGED-B) was developed (training cohort, n = 2,367) based on multivariable Cox models. Internal validation using bootstrap sampling and external validation (validation cohort, n = 1,218) were performed. RESULTS Sixty (1.7%) patients developed HCC (median follow-up, 5.4 years). In the training cohort, age, gender, platelets, diabetes and moderate HBV DNA levels (5.00-7.99 log10 IU/ml) were independently associated with HCC development; the PAGED-B score (based on these five predictors) showed a time-dependent AUROC of 0.81 for the prediction of HCC development at 5 years. In the validation cohort, the AUROC of PAGED-B was 0.85, significantly higher than for other risk scores (PAGE-B, mPAGE-B, CAMD, and REAL-B). When stratified by the PAGED-B score, the HCC risk was significantly higher in high-risk patients than in low-risk patients (sub-distribution hazard ratio = 8.43 in the training and 11.59 in the validation cohorts, all p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The newly established PAGED-B score may enable risk stratification for HCC at the time of transition into HBeAg-positive CHB. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS In this study, we developed and validated a new risk score to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients entering into hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) from chronic infection. The newly established PAGED-B score, which included baseline moderate HBV DNA levels (5-8 log10 IU/ml), improved on the predictive performance of prior risk scores. Based on a patient's age, gender, diabetic status, platelet count, and moderate DNA levels (5-8 log10 IU/ml) at the phase change into CHB from chronic infection, the PAGED-B score represents a reliable and easily available risk score to predict HCC development during the first 5 years of antiviral treatment in HBeAg-positive patients entering into CHB. With a scoring range from 0 to 12 points, the PAGED-B score significantly differentiated the 5-year HCC risk: low <7 points and high ≥7 points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Soo Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Minjong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Hwa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Seo Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vana Sypsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Cihan Yurdaydin
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Koc University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Harry LA Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - John Goulis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Αristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Buti
- Hospital General Universitario Vall Hebron and Ciberehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang M, Liu C, Hao M, Wang W, Li Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Dang S. Hepatoprotective effects of aspirin on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats by reducing inflammation levels and PD-L1 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21362. [PMID: 38049630 PMCID: PMC10695938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin, as a widely used anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects in a variety of cancers. PD-L1 is widely expressed in tumor cells and inhibits anti-tumor immunity. This study aims to clarify whether aspirin exerts its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effect by inhibiting PD-L1 expression. The rat model of HCC was established by drinking 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and aspirin was given by gavage. The gross and blood biochemical indexes of rats were analyzed. CD4 and CD8 expression in liver tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry. CCK8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of aspirin on the proliferation of HCC cells. The regulatory effect of aspirin on PD-L1 expression was analyzed by western blot. As a result, the tumor number and liver weight ratio in the DEN + ASA group were lower than those in the DEN group (P = 0.006, P = 0.046). Compared with the DEN group, the expression of CD4 in the DEN + ASA group was significantly increased, while CD8 was decreased (all P < 0.01). Biochemical indexes showed that there were differences in all indexes between the DEN and control group (P < 0.05). The levels of DBIL, ALP, and TT in the DEN + ASA group were lower than those in the DEN group (P = 0.038, P = 0.042, P = 0.031). In the DEN group, there was an obvious fibrous capsule around the tumor, and the portal vein was dilated. The pathological changes were mild in the DEN + ASA group. Compared with the DEN group, the expression of PD-L1 in liver tissue of the DEN + ASA group was decreased (P = 0.0495). Cytological experiments further showed that aspirin could inhibit the proliferation and PD-L1 expression in Hep G2 and Hep 3B cells. In conclusion, aspirin can inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells and reduce tumor burden by reducing inflammation and targeting PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muqi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenrui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miao Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangsuo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Dai Z, Wang S, Guo X, Wang Y, Yin H, Tan J, Mu C, Sun S, Liu H, Yang F. Gender dimorphism in hepatocarcinogenesis-DNA methylation modification regulated X-chromosome inactivation escape molecule XIST. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1518. [PMID: 38148658 PMCID: PMC10751514 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex disparities constitute a significant issue in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of gender dimorphism in HCC is still not completely understood. METHODS 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)-Seal technology was utilised to detect the global 5hmC levels from four female and four male HCC samples. Methylation of XIST was detected by Sequenom MassARRAY methylation profiling between HCC tissues (T) and adjacent normal liver tissues (L). The role of Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) was investigated using diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-administered Tet2-/- female mice, which regulated XIST in hepatocarcinogenesis. All statistical analyses were carried out by GraphPad Prism 9.0 and SPSS version 19.0 software. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the numbers of 5hmC reads in the first exon of XIST from female HCC tissues (T) were remarkably lower than that in female adjacent normal liver tissues (L). Correspondingly, DNA methylation level of XIST first exon region was significantly increased in female T than in L. By contrast, no significant change was observed in male HCC patients. Compared to L, the expression of XIST in T was also significantly downregulated. Female patients with higher XIST in HCC had a higher overall survival (OS) and more extended recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, TET2 can interact with YY1 binding to the promoter region of XIST and maintain the hypomethylation state of XIST. In addition, DEN-administered Tet2-/- mice developed more tumours than controls in female mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided that YY1 and TET2 could interact to form protein complexes binding to the promoter region of XIST, regulating the methylation level of XIST and then affecting the expression of XIST. This research will provide a new clue for studying sex disparities in hepatocarcinogenesis. HIGHLIGHTS XIST was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and had gender disparity. Methylation levels in the XIST first exon were higher in female HCC tissues, but no significant change in male HCC patients. The TET2-YY1 complex regulate XIST expression in female hepatocytes. Other ways regulate XIST expression in male hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Dai
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Health Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xinggang Guo
- Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haozan Yin
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chenyang Mu
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Health Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shu‐Han Sun
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Liu
- Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fu Yang
- Department of Medical GeneticsNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical BioprotectionShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
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18
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Benhammou JN, Leng M, Shah SC, Cholankeril G, Dong TS, Patel AA, Tong MJ. Exposure to Agent Orange and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among US Military Personnel. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2346380. [PMID: 38048128 PMCID: PMC10696483 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.46380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its mortality are on the rise. Viral hepatitis and alcohol are leading risk factors; however, other risk factors among veterans are less defined, including Agent Orange (AO), an herbicide linked to several cancers. Objective To assess the association of AO exposure and HCC in a national cohort of Vietnam veterans. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included Vietnam veterans who served between 1966 and 1975, were male, were older than 18 years at the time of deployment, and had established follow-up in the Veterans Affairs (VA) between 2000 and 2019. Veterans with AO exposure were identified in the disability data via validated clinical surveys. Relevant clinical risk factors for cirrhosis and HCC were collected. Patients were stratified based on cirrhosis status, as defined by consecutive diagnosis found by documented International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision scores or calculated Fibrosis-4 scores. Data were collected from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, and analyzed from December 2020 to October 2023. Main Outcome and Measures Incident HCC was the primary outcome. AO and HCC association was estimated using a multivariable Cox regression analysis, with death and liver transplant as competing events. Results Of the 296 505 eligible veterans (222 545 [75.1%] White individuals and 44 342 [15.0%] Black individuals), 170 090 (57%) had AO exposure (mean [SD] age, 21.62 [3.49] years; 131 552 White individuals [83.2%] and 22 767 Black individuals [14.4%]) and 35 877 (12.1%) had cirrhosis. Veterans who were not exposed to AO were more likely to smoke (109 689 of 126 413 [86.8%] vs 146 061 of 170 090 [85.9%]); use alcohol (54 147 of 126 413 [42.8%] vs 71 951 of 170 090 [42.3%]) and have viral hepatitis (47 722 of 126 413 [37.8%] vs 58 942 of 170 090 [34.7%]). In a multivariable competing risk model, AO exposure was not associated with HCC. Among veterans with cirrhosis, self-identification as Hispanic individuals (aHR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.30-1.75; P <.001) or Black individuals (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05-1.32; P = .004), and having a diagnosis of viral hepatitis (aHR, 3.71; 95% CI, 3.26-4.24; P <.001), alcohol-associated liver disease (aHR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.19-1.46; P <.001), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (aHR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.72-2.15; P <.001) were associated with HCC. Among veterans without cirrhosis, hypertension (aHR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.23-2.15; P <.001) and diabetes (aHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.13-2.05; P = .005) were also associated with HCC. Early smoking and alcohol use were significant risk factors for HCC. Conclusions and Relevance In this large nationwide cohort study of Vietnam veterans, AO exposure was not associated with HCC. Smoking, alcohol, viral hepatitis, and NAFLD were the most important clinical risk factors for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane N. Benhammou
- Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Mei Leng
- Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Biomathematics Department, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Shailja C. Shah
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | - Tien S. Dong
- Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Arpan A. Patel
- Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Myron J. Tong
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California
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Gutmann M, Stimpfl E, Langmann G, Koudelka H, Mir-Karner B, Grasl-Kraupp B. Differentiated and non-differentiated HepaRG™ cells: A possible in-vitro model system for early hepatocarcinogenesis and non-genotoxic carcinogens. Toxicol Lett 2023; 390:15-24. [PMID: 37890683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Many xenobiotics are non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGC) in rodent liver. Their mode of action (MoA) and health risks for humans are unclear and no in-vitro tests are available to predict NGC. Human HepaRG™ cells in the differentiated (d-HepaRG) and non-differentiated state (nd-HepaRG) were studied as new approach methodology (NAM) for NGC. Cell-biological assays were performed with d-/nd-HepaRG and human hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cell lines to characterize the benign/malignant phenotype. Reaction of d-/nd-HepaRG to several liver growth factors and NGC (phenobarbital, PB; cyproterone acetate, CPA; WY-14643) was compared to unaltered and premalignant rat hepatocytes in ex-vivo culture. Enzyme induction by NGC was checked by RT-qPCR/oligo-arrays. Growth, anchorage-independency, migration, clonogenicity, and in-vivo tumorigenicity of nd-HepaRG ranged between benign d-HepaRG and malignant hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells. All growth factors elevated DNA replication of d-/nd-HepaRG cells, similarly to unaltered/premalignant rat hepatocytes. NGC induced their prototypical enzymes in the rat and human cells, but elicited a growth response only in the unaltered/premalignant rat hepatocytes and not in human d-/nd-HepaRG cells. To conclude, a benign/premalignant phenotype of d-/nd-HepaRG cells and a reactivity towards several hepatic growth factors and NGC, as known from human hepatocytes, are essential components for an in-vitro model for early stage human hepatocarcinogenesis.The potential value as new approach methodology (NAM) for NGC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gutmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emily Stimpfl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Langmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Koudelka
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Mir-Karner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Wu Y, Song L, Kong J, Wen Q, Jiao J, Wang X, Li G, Xu X, Zhan L. Scribble promotes fibrosis-dependent mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis by p53/PUMA-mediated glycolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166823. [PMID: 37632981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Liver cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Scribble has been shown to function as a neoplastic tumor suppressor gene in most tumors. Our previous studies reported that down-regulation or mislocalization of Scribble was sufficient to initiate mammary tumorigenesis and NSCLC. Recently, it was reported that Scribble was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to study how it was up-regulated and the contradictory role of Scribble in HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis system, we showed that Scribble was over-expressed and which may protect the mice against hepatic fibrosis. Unexpectedly, we found out the potential for Scribble to act as a tumor driver at the advanced stage of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) plus CCl4 induced HCC mice model in vivo. In addition, we observed even higher expression of Scribble in HCC tumors harboring elevated levels of wild-type p53. Most importantly, nuclear translocated Scribble could interact with p53, which lead to enhanced stability and transcriptional activity of p53. Mechanistically, our data suggested that Scribble might drive HCC progression by promoting metabolic regulation of p53 through p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA)-mediated Warburg effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified the molecular basis of hepatic fibrosis-specific gene expression of polarity gene, such as Scribble. Interestingly, with the progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis to HCC, its nuclear translocation promoted a wild-type p53-mediated cancer metabolic switch and tumor progression in HCC. Taken together, we demonstrated that Scribble was up-regulated and served a protective role in liver fibrosis, while also apparently acting as a tumor driver in fibrosis-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lele Song
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingwen Kong
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiazheng Jiao
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Lixing Zhan
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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21
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Yang Z, Li J, Song H, Mei Z, Jia X, Tian X, Yan C, Han Y. Unraveling the molecular links between benzopyrene exposure, NASH, and HCC: an integrated bioinformatics and experimental study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20520. [PMID: 37993485 PMCID: PMC10665343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzopyrene (B[a]P) is a well-known carcinogen that can induce chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the liver, leading to liver disease upon chronic exposure. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver condition characterized by fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis, often resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the intricate connections between B[a]P exposure, NASH, and HCC. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of publicly available gene expression profiles, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with B[a]P exposure, NASH, and liver cancer. Furthermore, network analysis revealed hub genes and protein-protein interactions, highlighting cellular metabolic dysfunction and disruption of DNA damage repair in the B[a]P-NASH-HCC process. Notably, HSPA1A and PPARGC1A emerged as significant genes in this pathway. To validate their involvement, we conducted qPCR analysis on cell lines and NASH mouse liver tissues and performed immunohistochemistry labeling in mouse and human HCC liver sections. These findings provide crucial insights into the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying benzopyrene-induced hepatotoxicity, shedding light on the pathogenesis of B[a]P-associated NASH and HCC. Moreover, our study suggests that HSPA1A and PPARGC1A could serve as promising therapeutic targets. Enhancing our understanding of their regulatory roles may facilitate the development of targeted therapies, leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Haixu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Chenghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yaling Han
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110167, Liaoning, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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22
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Ikeda Y, Sato S, Omu R, Nishimura A, Arii S, Uchida R, Nomura K, Sato S, Murata A, Shimada Y, Genda T. Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency Associated with Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Administration for Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Series. Intern Med 2023; 62:3341-3346. [PMID: 37032085 PMCID: PMC10713368 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Atezolizumab and bevacizumab are currently available as first-line treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, but immune-related adverse events are a major concern. We herein report two cases of isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Both patients presented with general fatigue, appetite loss, eosinophilia, and hyponatremia after nine cycles in case 1 and three months after stopping treatment for inflammatory arthritis in case 2. Endocrinological investigations revealed unsatisfactory ACTH and cortisol responses despite the preservation of other anterior pituitary hormones, suggesting isolated ACTH deficiency. As it is rapidly improved by steroid replacement therapy, an early diagnosis and treatment make it possible to resume immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Rifa Omu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Arisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Shin Arii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Kei Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayato Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Takuya Genda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
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Yoo SH, Nahm JH, Lee WK, Lee HW, Chang HY, Lee JI. Loss of Krüppel-like factor-10 facilitates the development of chemical-induced liver cancer in mice. Mol Med 2023; 29:156. [PMID: 37946098 PMCID: PMC10636809 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is involved in a positive feedback loop that regulates transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, and TGFβ plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Here, we investigated whether KLF10 deletion affects the development of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We induced KLF10 deletion in C57BL/6 mice. Liver fibrosis was induced by feeding a diet high in fat and sucrose (high-fat diet [HFD]), whereas HCC was produced by intraperitoneal administration of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN). An in vitro experiment was performed to evaluate the role of KLF10 in the cancer microenvironment using Hep3B and LX2 cells. An immunohistochemical study of KLF10 expression was performed using human HCC samples from 60 patients who had undergone liver resection. RESULTS KLF10 deletion resulted in an increased DEN-induced HCC burden with significant upregulation of SMAD2, although loss of KLF10 did not alter HFD-induced liver fibrosis. DEN-treated mice with KLF10 deletion exhibited increased levels of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and SNAI2) and tumor metastasis markers (matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9). KLF10 depletion in Hep3B and LX2 cells using siRNA was associated with increased invasiveness. Compared with co-culture of KLF10-preserved Hep3B cells and KLF10-intact LX2 cells, co-culture of KLF10-preserved Hep3B cells and KLF10-depleted LX2 cells resulted in significantly enhanced invasion. Low KLF10 expression in resected human HCC specimens was associated with poor survival. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that loss of KLF10 facilitates liver cancer development with alteration in TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Nahm
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Chang
- Medical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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Joerg V, Scheiner B, D´Alessio A, Fulgenzi CA, Schönlein M, Kocheise L, Lohse AW, Huber S, Wege H, Kaseb A, Wang Y, Mathew A, Kuang A, Muzaffar M, Abugabal YI, Chamseddine S, Phen S, Cheon J, Lee PC, Balcar L, Krall A, Ang C, Wu L, Saeed A, Huang YH, Bengsch B, Rimassa L, Weinmann A, Stauber R, Korolewicz J, Pinter M, Singal AG, Chon HJ, Pinato DJ, Schulze K, von Felden J. Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab/bevacizumab in patients with HCC after prior systemic therapy: A global, observational study. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0302. [PMID: 37889520 PMCID: PMC10615429 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the introduction of the combination treatment of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody atezolizumab and anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab (AB), median overall survival in HCC has drastically improved. However, evidence on the efficacy and safety of the novel treatment standard in patients with prior exposure to systemic treatment is scarce. The aim of this global, multicenter, observational study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AB in patients after previous systemic therapy. METHODS We screened our global, multicenter, prospectively maintained registry database for patients who received any systemic therapy before AB. The primary end point was overall survival; secondary end points were time-to-progression, progression-free survival, objective response rate, and safety (rate and severity of adverse events). RESULTS Among 493 patients who received AB for unresectable HCC, 61 patients received prior systemic therapy and were included in this analysis. The median age of the study population was 66 years, with 91.8% males. Predominant risk factors for HCC were viral hepatitis (59%) and alcohol (23%). Overall survival for AB was 16.2 (95% CI, 14.5-17.9) months, time-to-progression and progression-free survival were 4.1 (95% CI, 1.5-6.6) and 3.1 (95% CI, 1.1-5.1) months, respectively. The objective response rate was 38.2% (7.3% with complete and 30.9% with partial response). Overall survival was not influenced by treatment line (2nd vs. >2nd) or previous systemic treatment modality (tyrosine kinase inhibitors vs. immune checkpoint inhibitors). Treatment-related adverse events of all grades according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were documented in 42.6% of patients, with only 13.1% of grade ≥3, including one death. CONCLUSION In this observational study, AB emerges as a safe and efficacious treatment option in patients with HCC previously treated with other systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Joerg
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Scheiner
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia A.M. Fulgenzi
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
- Division of Medical Oncology, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Schönlein
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kocheise
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Wege
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antony Mathew
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Kuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mahvish Muzaffar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yehia I. Abugabal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shadi Chamseddine
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel Phen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, USA
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Pei-Chang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Lorenz Balcar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Krall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Celina Ang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Pinter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, USA
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - David J. Pinato
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Kornelius Schulze
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johann von Felden
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Huang R, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang S, Wu C. Letter: Association between aspirin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:965-966. [PMID: 37831536 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lee et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17643 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17711
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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26
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Li X, Liu C, Zhang Z, Li X, Yao Z, Dong Y, Wang X, Chen Z. Hepatocyte-specific Wtap deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by activating GRB2-ERK depending on downregulation of proteasome-related genes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105301. [PMID: 37777158 PMCID: PMC10630636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilm's tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP), a regulatory protein of the m6A methyltransferase complex, has been found to play a role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. However, the in vivo role of WTAP in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, we have elucidated the crucial role of WTAP in HCC progression and shown that hepatic deletion of Wtap promotes HCC pathogenesis through activation of multiple signaling pathways. A single dose of diethylnitrosamine injection causes more and larger HCCs in hepatocyte-specific Wtap knockout (Wtap-HKO) mice than Wtapflox/flox mice fed with either normal chow diet or a high-fat diet. Elevated CD36, IGFBP1 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) expression leads to steatosis and inflammation in the Wtap-HKO livers. The hepatocyte proliferation is dramatically increased in Wtap-HKO mice, which is due to higher activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling pathways. Hepatic deletion of Wtap activates the ERK signaling pathway by increasing the protein stability of GRB2 and ERK1/2, which is due to the decreased expression of proteasome-related genes. Restoring PSMB4 or PSMB6 (two key components of the proteasome) leads to the downregulation of GRB2 and ERK1/2 in Wtap-HKO hepatocytes. Mechanistically, WTAP interacts with RNA polymerase II and H3K9ac to maintain expression of proteasome-related genes. These results demonstrate that hepatic deletion of Wtap promotes HCC progression through activating GRB2-ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathway depending on the downregulation of proteasome-related genes especially Psmb4 and Psmb6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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27
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Zhao J. Letter: Association between aspirin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:964. [PMID: 37831535 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lee et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17643 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17712
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Wu JL, Luo JY, Deng XY, Jiang ZB. Letter: Causal relationship between aspirin and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma remains unproven. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:735-736. [PMID: 37702031 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Lee et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17643
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yang Luo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Deng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Bo Jiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Jeong S, Park SJ, Kim M, Park YJ, Choi S, Chang J, Kim JS, Oh YH, Ko A, Park SM. Long-term antibiotic use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma later in life: a nationwide cohort study of 9.8 million participants. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023; 43:1174-1177. [PMID: 37702491 PMCID: PMC10565376 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsCHA University School of MedicineSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuSouth Korea
| | - Young Jun Park
- Medical Research CenterGenomic Medicine InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jooyoung Chang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- International Healthcare CenterSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family MedicineChung‐Ang University Gwangmyeong HospitalChung‐Ang University College of MedicineGwangmyeongSouth Korea
| | - Ahryoung Ko
- Department of Family MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Family MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulSouth Korea
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30
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Zhang L, Dong Y, Zhang L, Wang M, Zhou Y, Jia K, Wang S, Wang M, Li Y, Luo S, Lu S, Fan Y, Zhang D, Yang Y, Li N, Yu Y, Cao X, Hou J. Mitochondrial IRG1 traps MCL-1 to induce hepatocyte apoptosis and promote carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:625. [PMID: 37737207 PMCID: PMC10517141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is initiated by repeated hepatocyte death and liver damage, and the underlying mechanisms mediating cell death and the subsequent carcinogenesis remain to be fully investigated. Immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) and its enzymatic metabolite itaconate are known to suppress inflammation in myeloid cells, and its expression in liver parenchymal hepatocytes is currently determined. However, the potential roles of IRG1 in hepatocarcinogenesis are still unknown. Here, using the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis mouse model, we found that IRG1 expression in hepatocytes was markedly induced upon DEN administration. The DEN-induced IRG1 was then determined to promote the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis of hepatocytes and liver damage, thus enhancing the subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, the mitochondrial IRG1 could associate and trap anti-apoptotic MCL-1 to inhibit the interaction between MCL-1 and pro-apoptotic Bim, thus promoting Bim activation and downstream Bax mitochondrial translocation, and then releasing cytochrome c and initiating apoptosis. Thus, the inducible mitochondrial IRG1 promotes hepatocyte apoptosis and the following hepatocarcinogenesis, which provides mechanistic insight and a potential target for preventing liver injury and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yue Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Luxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kaiwei Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Suyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shudan Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yiwen Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dingji Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingyun Yang
- Center for Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Center for Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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31
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Ye Z, Liu M, He P, Wu Q, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Gan X, Sun J, Qin X. Various ambient air pollutants, residential green spaces, fibrosis 4 scores, genetic susceptibility, and risk of severe liver disease. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115246. [PMID: 37453269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of air pollutants and residential exposure to greenspace with severe liver disease remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the relationship of joint exposure to air pollutants, residential exposure to greenspaces with new-onset severe liver disease. METHODS We included 427,697 participants without prior liver diseases from UK Biobank. A weighted air pollution score was calculated based on PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5-10, NO2, and NOX. The percentage of land coverage by residential greenspaces was estimated using land use data. The primary outcome was new-onset severe liver disease, defined as a composite outcome including hospitalization or death due to compensated or decompensated liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 4572 participants developed severe liver disease. A higher air pollution score was significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset severe liver disease (per SD increment; adjusted hazard ratio [HR],1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.04-1.10). Moreover, residential greenspace coverage was inversely associated with new-onset severe liver disease (per SD increment; adjusted HR, 0.95; 95% CI,0.92-0.98). Genetic risks of liver cirrhosis did not significantly modify the associations (both P-interactions >0.05). However, we observed a stronger positive association between air pollution scores and new-onset severe liver disease in individuals with higher fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores, lower residential greenspaces, hypertension, and smokers (all P-interactions <0.05). Similarly, a more pronounced inverse association between residential exposure to greenspaces and new-onset severe liver disease was found in smokers and individuals with higher FIB-4 scores (both P-interactions<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a positive association between air pollution scores and the risk of new-onset severe liver disease, while residential greenspaces show an inverse association. These results underscore the importance of maintaining high exposure to green space and reducing air pollution to prevent serious liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qimeng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gan
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Nasr M, Kira AY, Saber S, Essa EA, El-Gizawy SA. Lactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiate the Anticancer Effects of Telmisartan In Vitro and in a N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Mice Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4758-4769. [PMID: 37585079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Telmisartan (TLM), a BSC class II drug, has been reported to have antiproliferative activity in HCC. However, its therapeutic activity is limited by poor bioavailability and unpredictable distribution. This work aimed to enhance TLM's liver uptake for HCC management through passive and active targeting pathways utilizing chitosan nanoparticles decorated with lactose (LCH NPs) as a delivery system. In vitro cell cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies indicated that TLM-LCH NPs significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the antiproliferative activity and cellular uptake percentage of TLM. In vivo bioavailability and liver biodistribution studies indicated that TLM-LCH NPs significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced TLM concentrations in plasma and the liver. The relative liver uptake of TLM from TLM-LCH NPs was 2-fold higher than that of unmodified NPs and 5-fold higher than that of plain TLM suspension. In vivo studies of a N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced HCC model revealed that administration of TLM through LCH NPs improved liver histology and resulted in lower serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and liver weight index compared to plain TLM and TLM-loaded unmodified NPs. These results reflected the high potentiality of LCH NPs as a liver-targeted delivery system for TLM in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Kira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ebtessam A Essa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
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Stanic B, Milošević N, Sukur N, Samardzija Nenadov D, Fa Nedeljkovic S, Škrbić S, Andric N. An in silico toxicogenomic approach in constructing the aflatoxin B1-mediated regulatory network of hub genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:552-562. [PMID: 36978281 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2196686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through a mutagenic mode of action but can also lead to global changes in gene expression; however, the AFB1 network of molecular pathways involved in HCC is not known. Here, we used toxicogenomic data from human liver cells exposed to AFB1 to infer the network of AFB1-responsive molecular pathways involved in HCC. The following computational tools: STRING, MCODE, cytoHubba, iRegulon, kinase enrichment tool KEA3, and DAVID were used to identify protein-protein interaction network, hub genes, transcription factors (TFs), upstream kinases, and biological processes (BPs). Predicted molecular events were validated with an external dataset, whereas the hub genes in HCC were validated using the UALCAN database. The results revealed an association between AFB1 and the hub genes involved in the cell cycle. We identified TFs that regulate the hub genes and linked them with upstream kinases including cyclin-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, and AKT. This approach enabled the construction of the AFB1-mediated regulatory network consisting of upstream kinases, TFs, hub genes, and BPs, thus revealing the signaling hierarchy and information flow that may contribute to AFB1-induced HCC. This could be a useful tool in predicting the molecular mechanisms involved in chemical-induced diseases when available toxicogenomic data exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stanic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Milošević
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Sukur
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Srđan Škrbić
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Sun J, Wu L, Wu M, Liu Q, Cao H. Non-coding RNA therapeutics: Towards a new candidate for arsenic-induced liver disease. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110626. [PMID: 37442288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, a metalloid toxicant, has caused serious environmental pollution and is presently a global health issue. Long-term exposure to arsenic causes diverse organ and system dysfunctions, including liver disease. Arsenic-induced liver disease comprises a spectrum of liver pathologies, ranging from hepatocyte damage, steatosis, fibrosis, to hepatocellular carcinoma. Various mechanisms, including an imbalance in redox reactions, mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic changes, participate in the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced liver disease. Altered epigenetic processes involved in its initiation and progression. Dysregulated modulations of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, exert regulating effects on these processes. Here, we have reviewed the underlying pathogenic mechanisms that lead to progressive arsenic-induced liver disease, and we provide a discussion focusing on the effects of ncRNAs on dysfunctions in intercellular communication and on the activation of hepatic stellate cells and malignant transformation of hepatocytes. Further, we have discussed the roles of ncRNAs in intercellular communication via extracellular vesicles and cytokines, and have provided a perspective for the application of ncRNAs as biomarkers in the early diagnosis and evaluation of the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced liver disease. Further investigations of ncRNAs will help us to understand the nature of arsenic-induced liver disease and to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Eom S, Peak J, Park J, Ahn SH, Cho YK, Jeong Y, Lee HS, Lee J, Ignatova E, Lee SE, Hong Y, Gu D, Kim GWD, Lee DC, Hahm JY, Jeong J, Choi D, Jang ES, Chi SW. Widespread 8-oxoguanine modifications of miRNA seeds differentially regulate redox-dependent cancer development. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1369-1383. [PMID: 37696949 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to tumourigenesis by altering gene expression. One accompanying modification, 8-oxoguanine (o8G) can change RNA-RNA interactions via o8G•A base pairing, but its regulatory roles remain elusive. Here, on the basis of o8G-induced guanine-to-thymine (o8G > T) variations featured in sequencing, we discovered widespread position-specific o8Gs in tumour microRNAs, preferentially oxidized towards 5' end seed regions (positions 2-8) with clustered sequence patterns and clinically associated with patients in lower-grade gliomas and liver hepatocellular carcinoma. We validated that o8G at position 4 of miR-124 (4o8G-miR-124) and 4o8G-let-7 suppress lower-grade gliomas, whereas 3o8G-miR-122 and 4o8G-let-7 promote malignancy of liver hepatocellular carcinoma by redirecting the target transcriptome to oncogenic regulatory pathways. Stepwise oxidation from tumour-promoting 3o8G-miR-122 to tumour-suppressing 2,3o8G-miR-122 occurs and its specific modulation in mouse liver effectively attenuates diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings provide resources and insights into epitranscriptional o8G regulation of microRNA functions, reprogrammed by redox changes, implicating its control for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyeong Eom
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongjin Peak
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongyeun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Kyung Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeahji Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung Eun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunji Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dowoon Gu
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun-Woo D Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Chan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Young Hahm
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.
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Mosbeh A, Abdelmaguid W, Ezzat S, Kohla M, Sultan MM, Abdel-Rahman MH. Low Frequency of Aflatoxin Induced TP53 Gene Codon 249 Mutation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Egyptian Patients Living in the Nile Delta Region. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3165-3168. [PMID: 37774068 PMCID: PMC10762730 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study the frequency of codon 7 (c.747 G>T, p. R249S) mutation associated with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We utilized restriction fragment polymorphism and direct sequencing to assess codon 7 mutations in 104 hepatocellular carcinomas. The expression of TP53 protein in the tumors were assessed in 44 tumors by a monoclonal rabbit antibody. RESULTS We identified a single 1/104 (1%) with c.747 G>T, p. R249S variant. 28/44 (63.6%) tumors showed no or occasional (less than < 5%) nuclear staining; 9/44 (20.4%) showed mild to moderate (5-49%) and 7/44 (15.9%) showed strong ≥ 50% staining. CONCLUSION We observed much lower frequency of TP53 gene than previously published results suggesting geographical alterations in AFB1 exposure in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Mosbeh
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
- National Liver Institute Sustainable Sciences Institute Collaborative Research Center, Egypt.
| | - Waleed Abdelmaguid
- National Liver Institute Sustainable Sciences Institute Collaborative Research Center, Egypt.
| | - Sameera Ezzat
- Department of Public Health, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Kohla
- Department of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Mervat M Sultan
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
- National Liver Institute Sustainable Sciences Institute Collaborative Research Center, Egypt.
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Human Genetics and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, (OH), USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, (OH), USA.
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Khedr SM, Ghareeb DA, Fathy SA, Hamdy GM. Berberine-loaded albumin nanoparticles reverse aflatoxin B1-induced liver hyperplasia. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:42. [PMID: 37559065 PMCID: PMC10413506 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be produced from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) administration. Although berberine (BER) acts as an anticancer agent and can counteract the AFB1 effect, it has low bioavailability. Nanotechnology can overcome this problem. This research aimed to synthesize berberine nanoparticles (NPs) and then estimate their therapeutic effect compared to that of berberine against aflatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. The desolvation method was used to prepare BER-NPs. Aflatoxicosis was induced by 5 consecutive intraperitoneal injections (IP) of 200 µg/kg/day AFB dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). After the induction period, two treatments were performed: the first with 100 mg/kg BER and the second with 10 mg/kg BER-NPs. Liver, kidney, and diabetic profiles were estimated by using standardized methods. Hepatic oxidative stress, inflammatory, cancer cell proliferation, and invasion markers were used by ELISA and qPCR techniques. The TEM image shows that both BSA NPs and BER-BSA NPs had spherical, regular, and uniform shapes. The BER encapsulation efficiency % was 78.5. The formed-BER-BSA NPs showed a loading capacity % of 7.71 and the synthesis yield % of 92.6. AFB1 increases pro-oxidant markers, decreases antioxidant systems, stimulates inflammatory enzymes, inhibits anti-inflammatory markers, decreases tumor suppressor enzymes, increases oncogenes, increases glycolytic activity, prevents cell death, and promotes cell growth. Most of the biochemical markers and hepatic architecture were normalized in the BER-BSA NP-treated group but not in the BER-treated group. Altogether, the obtained data proved that treatment with BER-NPs was more efficient than treatment with berberine against aflatoxicoses induced in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Shadia A Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Germine M Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Uojima H, Chuma M, Hidaka H, Tsuda T, Kobayashi S, Hattori N, Ogushi K, Arase Y, Take A, Sakaguchi Y, Tomoko A, Nishigori S, Wanatanbe T, Numata K, Morimoto M, Kagawa T, Kako M, Kusano C. Impact of body composition for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:865-873. [PMID: 37395239 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between body composition and prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. METHODS This cohort study analysed 119 patients who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated the association between body composition and progression-free survival and overall survival. Body composition was quantified by the visceral fat index, subcutaneous fat index, and skeletal muscle index. A high or low index score was defined as that above or below the median of these indices. RESULTS Poor prognosis was observed in the low visceral fat index and low subcutaneous fat index groups. The mean progression-free survival in the low visceral fat index and low subcutaneous fat index groups vs. the other groups were 194 and 270 days, respectively [95% confidence interval (CI), 153-236 and 230-311 days, respectively; P = 0.015], while the mean overall survival was 349 vs. 422 days, respectively (95% CI, 302-396 and 387-458 days, respectively; P = 0.027). In the multivariate analysis, both a low subcutaneous fat index and low visceral fat index were statistically associated with lower progression-free and overall survival rates [hazard ratio (HR) 1.721; 95% CI, 1.101-2.688; P = 0.017; and HR 2.214; 95% CI, 1.207-4.184; P = 0.011, respectively]. CONCLUSION Low visceral fat index and subcutaneous fat index scores were independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Uojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura
| | - Makoto Chuma
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama
| | - Hisashi Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
| | - Takashi Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, Fujisawa
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama
| | - Nobuhiro Hattori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | - Katsuaki Ogushi
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama
| | - Yoshitaka Arase
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara
| | - Akira Take
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
| | - Yoshihiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
| | - Ando Tomoko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujisawa City Hospital Fujisawa
| | - Shuhei Nishigori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsunamasa Wanatanbe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | - Kazushi Numata
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama
| | - Manabu Morimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama
| | - Tatehiro Kagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
| | - Makoto Kako
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura
| | - Chika Kusano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara
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Zhou C, Li Y, Li J, Song B, Li H, Liang B, Gu S, Li H, Chen C, Li S, Peng C, Liu F, Xiao J, Long X, Li P, Xiong Z, Yi X, Liao W, Shi L. A Phase 1/2 Multicenter Randomized Trial of Local Ablation plus Toripalimab versus Toripalimab Alone for Previously Treated Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2816-2825. [PMID: 37223896 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the safety and efficacy of local ablation plus PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab in previously treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS In the multicenter, two-stage, and randomized phase 1/2 trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive toripalimab alone (240 mg, every 3 weeks), subtotal local ablation followed by toripalimab starting on post-ablation day 3 (Schedule D3), or on post-ablation day 14 (Schedule D14). The first endpoint of stage 1 was to determine which combination schedule could continue and progression-free survival (PFS) as the primary endpoint for stage 1/2. RESULTS A total of 146 patients were recruited. During stage 1, Schedule D3 achieved numerically higher objective response rate (ORR) than Schedule D14 for non-ablation lesions (37.5% vs. 31.3%), and was chosen for stage 2 evaluation. For the entire cohort of both stages, patients with Schedule D3 had a significantly higher ORR than with toripalimab alone (33.8% vs. 16.9%; P = 0.027). Moreover, patients with Schedule D3 had improved median PFS (7.1 vs. 3.8 months; P < 0.001) and median overall survival (18.4 vs. 13.2 months; P = 0.005), as compared with toripalimab alone. In addition, six (9%) patients with toripalimab, eight (12%) with Schedule D3, and 4 (25%) with Schedule D14 developed grade 3 or 4 adverse events, and one patient (2%) with Schedule D3 manifested grade 5 treatment-related pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with previously treated unresectable HCC, subtotal ablation plus toripalimab improved the clinical efficacy as compared with toripalimab alone, with an acceptable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Vascular and Tumor Intervention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaping Li
- Department of Interventional Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Botian Song
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Hanfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Radiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiping Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Changyong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Changli Peng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Juxiong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Xueying Long
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Vascular and Tumor Intervention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengping Xiong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Liangrong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
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Alden SL, Lim M, Kao C, Shu D, Singal AG, Noonan A, Griffith P, Baretti M, Ho WJ, Kamel I, Yarchoan M, Hsiehchen D. Salvage Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab after Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:1312-1317. [PMID: 37484200 PMCID: PMC10356567 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Combination anti-PD-(L)1/CTLA-4 blockade is approved in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the first-line setting or after sorafenib, but whether this treatment has efficacy after prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy is unknown. We performed a multicenter retrospective review of patients with advanced HCC treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab after prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, excluding patients with prior anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Of the 32 patients who met our inclusion criteria, prior anti-PD-(L)1 regimens included atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (50%, n = 16), other anti-VEGF plus anti-PD-(L)1 combinations (31%, n = 10), and anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy (19%, n = 6). The median number of prior systemic therapies was 2 (range, 1-8). The objective response rate with ipilimumab plus nivolumab by RECIST 1.1 was 22% [1 complete response (3%), 6 partial response (19%), 8 stable disease (25%), 16 progressive disease (50%), and 1 not evaluable (NE) (3%)], and objective response was associated with improved progression-free survival and overall survival. Immune-related adverse events were reported in 13 patients (41%), with no new safety signals. This study demonstrates that ipilimumab plus nivolumab has efficacy in patients with HCC who have received prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, suggesting that failure to respond to prior PD-(L)1 blockade should not preclude treatment with salvage ipilimumab plus nivolumab. Prospective studies are needed to define the optimal sequence of therapies. Significance Anti-PD-(L)1 containing regimens are the preferred first-line treatment for advanced HCC, but whether salvage with PD-(L)1/CTLA-4 blockade is effective in patients who have failed prior anti-PD-(L)1 therapy is unknown. Our study demonstrates that ipilimumab plus nivolumab has clinical activity in patients with advanced HCC previously treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, supporting the continued use of this regimen in the late-line setting after prior anti-PD-(L)1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Alden
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mir Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chester Kao
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Shu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anne Noonan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paige Griffith
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marina Baretti
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Won Jin Ho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ihab Kamel
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Hsiehchen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Wang H, Lin F, Xu Z, Yu S, Li G, Liao S, Zhao W, Zhang F, Wang J, Wang S, Ouyang C, Zhang C, Xia H, Wu Y, Jiang B, Li Q. ZEB1 Transcriptionally Activates PHGDH to Facilitate Carcinogenesis and Progression of HCC. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:541-556. [PMID: 37331567 PMCID: PMC10469392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of its excessive expression and promotion of SSP. In previous experiments we found that SSP flux was diminished by knockdown of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), a stimulator of HCC metastasis, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to determine how SSP flux is regulated by ZEB1 and the contribution of such regulation to carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. METHODS We used genetic mice with Zeb1 knockout in liver specifically to determine whether Zeb1 deficiency impacts HCC induced by the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine plus CCl4. We explored the regulatory mechanism of ZEB1 in SSP flux using uniformly-labeled [13C]-glucose tracing analyses, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, luciferase report assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We determined the contribution of the ZEB1-PHGDH regulatory axis to carcinogenesis and metastasis of HCC by cell counting assay, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, scratch wound assay, Transwell assay, and soft agar assay in vitro, orthotopic xenograft, bioluminescence, and H&E assays in vivo. We investigated the clinical relevance of ZEB1 and PHGDH by analyzing publicly available data sets and 48 pairs of HCC clinical specimens. RESULTS We identified that ZEB1 activates PHGDH transcription by binding to a nonclassic binding site within its promoter region. Up-regulated PHGDH augments SSP flux to enable HCC cells to be more invasive, proliferative, and resistant to reactive oxygen species and sorafenib. Orthotopic xenograft and bioluminescence assays have shown that ZEB1 deficiency significantly impairs the tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC, and such impairments can be rescued to a large extent by exogenous expression of PHGDH. These results were confirmed by the observation that conditional knockout of ZEB1 in mouse liver dramatically impedes carcinogenesis and progression of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine/CCl4, as well as PHGDH expression. In addition, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database and clinical HCC samples showed that the ZEB1-PHGDH regulatory axis predicts poor prognosis of HCC. CONCLUSIONS ZEB1 plays a crucial role in stimulating carcinogenesis and progression of HCC by activating PHGDH transcription and subsequent SSP flux, deepening our knowledge of ZEB1 as a transcriptional factor in fostering the development of HCC via reprogramming the metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Furong Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guannan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shan Liao
- First Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fengqiong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Ouyang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hailong Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qinxi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Davwar P, David P, Imoh L, Duguru M, Zawaya K, Tsok Y, Sagay A, Okeke E. Aflatoxin exposure in a population of HIV patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma North-Central, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:81-87. [PMID: 38223595 PMCID: PMC10782315 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aflatoxin B1causes damage to the DNA by the alkylation of bases and P53 mutation. Exposure to this mycotoxin is associated with the development of liver cancer. Measures to reduce grain and cereal contamination have been a focus however, the effects of these measures are still lagging behind and exposure continues to occur even in populations at risk of developing liver cancer. Objective To quantify aflatoxin B1 exposure in a population of HIV infected patients with and without HCC. Method This was a cross-sectional study among 196 patients with HIV and or HCC. We evaluated the exposure to aflatoxin B1 using the Aflatoxin M1 metabolite by ELISA on urine samples. Results A total of 196 participants consisting of 163 (83.2%) HIV positive and 28 (14.3%) HCC. Mean age is 46.64±10.8 years. The median aflatoxin (IQR) aflatoxin M1level is 177.3(112.5-272) pg/ml. Only 8(4.1%) of the participant had no exposure to aflatoxin B1. The median (IQR) aflatoxin for fibrosis score ≥ 13kpa (178.7(112.9-286.8) pg/ml) VS < 13kpa (173.5(107.9-250.4)), p = 0.046. Conclusion There is high prevalence of aflatoxin B1 exposure in this population. Concerted efforts must be put in place to mitigate exposure because of the potential effects of short- and long-term exposure to aflatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yop Tsok
- Jos University Teaching Hospital
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Zhang J, Lin XT, Fang L, Xie CM. In vivo analysis of FBXO45-mediated fibrosis and liver tumorigenesis in a chemically induced mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102124. [PMID: 36853700 PMCID: PMC9958395 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXO45, an E3 ubiquitin ligase highly expressed in liver tumors, is positively correlated with poor survival of hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC) patients, but whether FBXO45 drives HCC tumorigenesis remains largely unclear. Here, we describe a protocol that shortens the observation period for HCC tumorigenesis to assess the effects of FBXO45 in a DEN/CCl4-induced HCC mouse model. We describe steps for chemical induction of HCC in FBXO45-overexpressing mice, followed by tissue collection and pathology assessment via quantitative real-time PCR, histology, and immunohistochemistry. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lin et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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44
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Hernandez BY, Zhu X, Nagata M, Loo L, Chan O, Wong LL. Cyanotoxin exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicology 2023; 487:153470. [PMID: 36863303 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments worldwide and include a number of species producing tumor-promoting hepatotoxins. Human exposure to cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins primarily occurs though ingestion of contaminated drinking water and food sources. In a Northeast U.S. population, we recently reported an independent association of oral cyanobacteria with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In a cross-sectional study of 55 HCC patients in Hawaii, U.S.A., serum microcystin/nodularin (MC/NOD), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and anabaenopeptin (AB) were measured by ELISA. In a subset of 16 patients, cyanotoxin levels were compared by tumor expression of over 700 genes analyzed via the Nanostring nCounter Fibrosis panel. MC/NOD, CYN, and AB were detected in all HCC patients. MC/NOD and CYN levels significantly varied by etiology with the highest levels in cases attributed to metabolic risk factors, specifically, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Cyanotoxin levels were significantly positively correlated with tumor expression of genes functioning in PPAR signaling and lipid metabolism. Our study provides novel albeit limited evidence that cyanotoxins may a role in the pathogenesis of HCC through the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and progression of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Y Hernandez
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States.
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michelle Nagata
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Lenora Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - O Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Linda L Wong
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Tsai SS, Hsu CT, Yang C. Risk of death from liver cancer in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution in Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023; 86:135-143. [PMID: 36752360 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2168225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is categorized as a Group I carcinogen, was found to lead to predominantly lung as well as other cancer types in humans. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is endemic in Taiwan where it is the second and fourth foremost cause of cancer deaths in men and women, respectively. Taiwan's mortality rates for liver cancer vary considerably from one region to another, suggesting that the environment may exert some influence on deaths attributed to liver cancer. The aim of this investigation was to perform an ecologic study to examine the possible link between ambient PM2.5 levels and risk of liver cancer in 66 in Taiwan municipalities. To undertake this investigation, annual PM2.5 levels and age-standardized liver cancer mortality rates were calculated for male and female residents of these areas from 2010 to 2019. Data were tested using weighted-multiple regression analyses to compute adjusted risk ratio (RR) controlling for urbanization level and physician density. Annual PM2.5 levels of each municipality were divided into tertiles. The adjusted RRs for males residing in those areas with intermediate tertile levels (21.85 to 28.21 ug/m3) and the highest tertiles levels (28.22-31.23 ug/m3) of PM2.5 were 1.29 (95% CI = 1.25-1.46) and 1.41 (95% CI = 1.36-1.46), respectively. Women in these locations shared a similar risk, 1.32 (1.25-1.4) and 1.41 (1.34-1.49), respectively. Evidence indicated that PM2.5 increased risk of mortality rates attributed to liver cancer in both men and women in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shyue Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ta Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - ChunYuh Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Qureshy Z, Lokken RP, Kakar S, Grab J, Mehta N, Sarkar M. Influence of progestin-only hormonal use on hepatocellular adenomas: A retrospective cohort study. Contraception 2023; 119:109915. [PMID: 36476331 PMCID: PMC10266542 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exogenous estrogen is associated with growth of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), although the influence of progestin-only agents is unknown. We therefore evaluated the association of progestin-only agents on HCA progression compared to no hormone exposure and compared to estrogen exposure in female patients. STUDY DESIGN In this single-center, retrospective cohort study of reproductive-aged female patients (ages 16-45) with diagnosed HCAs between 2003 and 2021, we evaluated radiographic HCA growth during discrete periods of well-defined exogenous hormone exposures. RESULTS A total of 34 patients were included. Nineteen (55.9%) had follow-up scans during periods without hormone exposure, 7 (20.6%) during estrogen exposure, and 8 (23.5%) during progestin-only exposure. Over a median follow-up of 11 months, percent change in sum of adenoma diameters from baseline to last available scan was -15.0% with progestin-only agents versus 29.4% with estrogen exposure (p = 0.04), and -7.4% with no hormonal exposure (p = 0.52 compared to progestin-only). Greater than 10% growth was observed in two individuals (25.0%) with progestin-only agent use (one patient on high-dose progestin for menorrhagia) versus five individuals (71.4%) with estrogen use (p = 0.13), and 7 (36.8%) with no exogenous hormone use (p = 0.68 vs progestin-only). CONCLUSIONS During discrete periods of progestin-only use, HCA growth overall declined, similar to declining growth during periods without exogenous hormonal exposure. This differed from discrete periods of exogenous estrogen exposure, during which time HCAs demonstrated overall increased growth. Though larger studies are needed, these findings support recent guidance supporting progestin-only agents for female patients with HCAs seeking non-estrogen alternatives for contraception. IMPLICATIONS In this small retrospective study, we observed overall decrease in HCA size during discrete periods of progestin-only contraception use, similar to that observed during periods without exogenous hormone exposure, supporting their use as a safe alternative to estrogen-containing contraceptives in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Qureshy
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sanjay Kakar
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Grab
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Neil Mehta
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Monika Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Badawy MMM, Abdel-Hamid GR, Mohamed HE. Antitumor Activity of Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Animal Models. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1274-1285. [PMID: 35867269 PMCID: PMC9898336 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide. Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanocomposite (Fe3O4/Cs) is a promising bio-nanomaterial for many biological applications. The objective of this research was to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of Fe3O4/Cs against HCC in animal models. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared and added to chitosan solution; then, the mixture was exposed to gamma radiation at a dose of 20 kGy. Rats have received diethylnitrosamine (DEN) orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight 5 times per week during a period of 10 weeks to induce HCC and then have received Fe3O4/Cs intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight 3 times per week during a period of 4 weeks. After the last dose of Fe3O4/Cs administration, animals were sacrificed. DEN induced upregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK (ERK, JNK, P38) signaling pathways and inflammatory markers (TLR4, iNOS, and TNF-α). DEN also decreases cleaved caspase-3 and increases liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT) activities. Administration of Fe3O4/Cs significantly ameliorated the above-mentioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monda M. M. Badawy
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan R. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah E. Mohamed
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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Kraglund F, Christensen DH, Eiset AH, Villadsen GE, West J, Jepsen P. Effects of statins and aspirin on HCC risk in alcohol-related cirrhosis: nationwide emulated trials. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0013. [PMID: 36633465 PMCID: PMC9827970 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have shown an association between statin or aspirin use and a decreased risk of HCC, but the effects of a well-defined treatment strategy remain unknown. We emulated trials of the effects of continuous statin or aspirin use on HCC risk in patients with cirrhosis due to alcohol-related liver disease (ALD cirrhosis). APPROACH AND RESULTS We specified target trials for statins and, separately, aspirin and emulated them using Danish health care registries. All eligible patients with ALD cirrhosis diagnosed in 2000-2018 were included in either an exposed or an unexposed arm. Patients were followed until HCC or death without HCC. The 5-year risk of HCC was estimated using marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting. Using statins continuously for 5 years compared with not using statins resulted in a relative risk (RR) of HCC of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.45-0.91). The RR of death without HCC was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.65-0.77). For aspirin, the RR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.60-1.42) for HCC and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95-1.09) for death without HCC. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ALD cirrhosis, 5 years of continuous statin use resulted in a 33% RR reduction of HCC (number needed to treat = 94) and a 31% RR reduction of death without HCC (number needed to treat = 7). Such strong causal effects are implausible and best explained by uncontrollable confounding, highlighting the need for randomized trials. Aspirin use likely does not affect the risk of HCC or death without HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Kraglund
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diana H. Christensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas H. Eiset
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gerda E. Villadsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joe West
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Jepsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zheng J, Kim SJ, Saeidi S, Kim SH, Fang X, Lee YH, Guillen-Quispe YN, Ngo HKC, Kim DH, Kim D, Surh YJ. Overactivated NRF2 induces pseudohypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing HIF-1α. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:347-356. [PMID: 36460215 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is highly expressed/activated in most hypoxic tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Another key transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), is also constitutively overactivated in HCC. In an attempt to determine whether HIF-1α and NRF2 could play complementary roles in HCC growth and progression, we investigated the crosstalk between these two transcription factors and underlying molecular mechanisms in cultured HCC cells and experimentally induced hepatocarcinogenesis as well as clinical settings. While silencing of HIF-1α in HepG2 human hepatoma cells did not alter the protein expression of NRF2, NRF2 knockdown markedly reduced the nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α without influencing its mRNA expression. In diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in wild type mice, there was elevated NRF2 expression with concomitant upregulation of HIF-1α. However, this was abolished in Nrf2 knockout mice. NRF2 and HIF-1α co-localized and physically interacted with each other as assessed by in situ proximity ligation and immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, the interaction between NRF2 and HIF-1α as well as their overexpression was found in tumor specimens obtained from HCC patients. In normoxia, HIF-1α undergoes hydroxylation by a specific HIF-prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD), which facilitates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α. NRF2 contributes to pseudohypoxia, by directly binding to the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of HIF-1α, which hampers the PHD2-mediated hydroxylation, concomitant recruitment of von-Hippel-Lindau and ubiquitination of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Soma Saeidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Xizhu Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Hwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yanymee N Guillen-Quispe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hoang Kieu Chi Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16627, South Korea
| | - Doojin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21565, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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Wei Y, Yi JK, Chen J, Huang H, Wu L, Yin X, Wang J. Boron attenuated diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in C3H/HeN mice via alteration of oxidative stress and apoptotic pathway. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 74:127052. [PMID: 35952449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate various cellular signaling pathways and play an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Excessive accumulation of ROS can promote HCC. Trace element boron has a wide range of biological effects, including anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, immune regulation and so on. METHODS In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of Sodium tetraborate decahydrate (NaB) in improving oxidative stress and regulating apoptosis in mouse HCC. HCC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 25 mg/kg once at the age of 2 weeks and 100 mg/kg again at the age of 6 weeks in healthy C3H/HeN male mice. At 8 weeks of age, different concentrations of NaB were given intragastric treatment once a day for 20 weeks. Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status and liver enzyme analysis were detected to evaluate the effectiveness of NaB in inhibiting cancer induction. The anticancer properties of NaB were confirmed by observing the liver index and morphology, and analyzing the expression of apoptotic genes and proteins. Our results showed that boron significantly reduced the production of ROS, and down-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and up-regulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins P53, Bax, and caspase 3. CONCLUSION Boron has great potential to reduce the effects of oxidative stress, which may help it inhibit the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Jin-Ke Yi
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Rehabilitation department, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Lun Wu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Xufeng Yin
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Children's Medical Center, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China.
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China.
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