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Leng L, Li AT, Lokken RP, Kohn M, Wu X, Sohn JH. Effect of Rapid Rollover on Pneumothorax Rate after Percutaneous CT-Guided Lung Biopsy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2024; 35:618-620. [PMID: 38184169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.12.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Leng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew Tong Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael Kohn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Jae Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
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2
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Khela M, Kasir R, Lokken RP, Clark AJ, Theologis AA. Bilateral dual iliac screw pelvic fixation for adult spinal deformity: a case report of a superior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to aberrant iliac screw trajectory. Spine Deform 2024; 12:501-505. [PMID: 37882967 PMCID: PMC10867056 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-023-00774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a case of a pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the left superior gluteal artery (SGA) secondary to lateral wall perforation from an iliac screw and its subsequent evaluation and management. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 67-year-old female with a history of degenerative flatback and scoliosis and pathological fractures of T12 and L1 secondary to osteodisciitis underwent a single0stage L5-S1 ALIF and T9-pelvis posterior instrumented fusion with bilateral dual iliac screw fixation, revision T11-S1 decompression, and T12 and L1 irrigation and debridement and partial corpectomies. During the operation, non-pulsatile bleeding was encountered after creating an initial trajectory for the more proximal of the two left iliac screws. While the initial post-operative course was benign, the patient was readmitted for hypotension and anemia. Computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis demonstrated a pseudoaneurysm (2.3 cm × 2.1 cm × 2.3 cm) of a branch of the left SGA. Diagnostic angiogram confirmed a pseudoaneurysm off of one of the branches of the left SGA. Endovascular embolization using multiple coils resulted in a complete cessation of blood flow in the pseudoaneurysm. At 2 years follow-up, no symptoms suggestive of recurrence of the pseudoaneurysm were reported. CONCLUSIONS A pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the left superior gluteal artery as a result of lateral wall perforation from an aberrantly placed iliac screw during an adult spinal deformity operation involving dual screw pelvic fixation is reported. Prompt recognition, multidisciplinary collaboration, and appropriate intervention were key in achieving a successful outcome and preventing further morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty Khela
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rafid Kasir
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), 500 Parnassus Ave, MUW 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron J Clark
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alekos A Theologis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Francisco (UCSF), 500 Parnassus Ave, MUW 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Vijayakumar V, Gaba RC, Huang YH, Davis I, Roman R, Guzman G, Lokken RP, Schachtschneider KM. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Epigenetic Patterns Correspond to Differences in Ethnoracial Status and Treatment Response in a Single-Center Retrospective Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2024:S1051-0443(24)00121-0. [PMID: 38320622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate epigenetic patterns with ethnoracial status and locoregional therapy (LRT) response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA and RNA were extracted from 47 distinct formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 42 patients with HCC (n = 14 Black, n = 19 White, n = 9 Hispanic). LRT response was determined using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging 3 months posttreatment of 35 tumors (n = 22 complete response, n = 13 retreatment candidates). RNA expression and DNA methylation were used to stratify patients by ethnoracial status and treatment response using partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Results were validated using hierarchical clustering. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to identify upstream regulators and pathways. RESULTS PLS-DA identified 100 genes and 12 methylated regions that differentiated tumors from Black from White/Hispanic patients. Hierarchical clustering clustered samples with the top 16 genes or the top 5 methylation regions. Dysregulated pathways included adrenomedullin pathway (P = .0302), EIF2 signaling (P = .00724), and several metabolic pathways. AGTR1 (log2fold = 1.59) and GSTM3 (log2fold = 2.53) represented potential differentially expressed therapeutic targets. PLS-DA identified 100 genes and 150 methylation regions that differentiated between complete responders and retreatment candidates. Hierarchical clustering clustered samples with the top 30 genes or the top 13 methylation regions. Dysregulated pathways included metabolic and DNA repair-related pathways. ASAP2 (log2fold = 0.29) and RAD50 (log2fold = 0.22) represented potential differentially expressed therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Variation in gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in patients with HCC corresponded to ethnoracial status and LRT response. These initial results suggest tumor profiling has the potential to close ethnoracial disparities and improve treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwaarth Vijayakumar
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Isaiah Davis
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ricardo Roman
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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4
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Wu X, Kwong A, Heller M, Lokken RP, Fidelman N, Mehta N. Cost-effectiveness analysis of interventional liver-directed therapies for downstaging of HCC before liver transplant. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:151-159. [PMID: 37639286 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are the 2 most used modalities for patients with HCC while awaiting liver transplant. The purpose of this study is to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing TACE and TARE for downstaging (DS) patients with HCC. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed comparing TACE and TARE in DS HCC over a 5-year time horizon from a payer's perspective. The clinical course, including those who achieved successful DS leading to liver transplant and those who failed DS with possible disease progression, was obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing. Costs and effectiveness were measured in US dollars and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed. TARE achieved a higher effectiveness of 2.51 QALY (TACE: 2.29 QALY) at a higher cost of $172,162 (TACE: $159,706), with the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $55,964/QALY, making TARE the more cost-effective strategy. The difference in outcome was equivalent to 104 days (nearly 3.5 months) in compensated cirrhosis state. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that TARE was more cost-effective in 91.69% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations. TARE was more effective if greater than 48.2% of patients who received TACE or TARE were successfully downstaged (base case: 74.6% from the pooled analysis of multiple published cohorts). TARE became more cost-effective when the cost of TACE exceeded $4,831 (base case: $12,722) or when the cost of TARE was lower than $43,542 (base case: $30,609). Subgroup analyses identified TARE to be the more cost-effective strategy if the TARE cohort required 1 fewer locoregional therapy than the TACE cohort. TARE is the more cost-effective DS strategy for patients with HCC exceeding Milan criteria compared to TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allison Kwong
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Heller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Fidelman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Neil Mehta
- Department of General Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Blackburn AF, Landinez GP, Kerlan RK, Lokken RP. Malposition of a Femoral Tunneled Dialysis Catheter through a Patent Foramen Ovale. Semin Intervent Radiol 2023; 40:304-307. [PMID: 37484443 PMCID: PMC10359127 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital abnormality of high prevalence in adults. Its clinical significance is magnified in a right-to-left shunt, where paradoxical embolism can have catastrophic outcomes involving the brain, heart, mesenteric circulation, or extremities. Right-to-left shunting through a PFO is caused by increased right atrial pressure, as seen in the setting of pulmonary artery hypertension or pulmonary embolism. This case highlights the relevance of central venous catheter placement in the setting of a PFO. While the patient did not experience clinical sequelae from line placement, she was at high risk for paradoxical embolus. Recognizing the possibility of a PFO during central venous catheter placement, especially in the setting of increased right pressures, should be a consideration of all interventional radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Finnay Blackburn
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Gina P. Landinez
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert K. Kerlan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - R. Peter Lokken
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Qureshy Z, Lokken RP, Kakar S, Grab J, Mehta N, Sarkar M. Influence of progestin-only hormonal use on hepatocellular adenomas: A retrospective cohort study. Contraception 2023; 119:109915. [PMID: 36476331 PMCID: PMC10266542 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exogenous estrogen is associated with growth of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), although the influence of progestin-only agents is unknown. We therefore evaluated the association of progestin-only agents on HCA progression compared to no hormone exposure and compared to estrogen exposure in female patients. STUDY DESIGN In this single-center, retrospective cohort study of reproductive-aged female patients (ages 16-45) with diagnosed HCAs between 2003 and 2021, we evaluated radiographic HCA growth during discrete periods of well-defined exogenous hormone exposures. RESULTS A total of 34 patients were included. Nineteen (55.9%) had follow-up scans during periods without hormone exposure, 7 (20.6%) during estrogen exposure, and 8 (23.5%) during progestin-only exposure. Over a median follow-up of 11 months, percent change in sum of adenoma diameters from baseline to last available scan was -15.0% with progestin-only agents versus 29.4% with estrogen exposure (p = 0.04), and -7.4% with no hormonal exposure (p = 0.52 compared to progestin-only). Greater than 10% growth was observed in two individuals (25.0%) with progestin-only agent use (one patient on high-dose progestin for menorrhagia) versus five individuals (71.4%) with estrogen use (p = 0.13), and 7 (36.8%) with no exogenous hormone use (p = 0.68 vs progestin-only). CONCLUSIONS During discrete periods of progestin-only use, HCA growth overall declined, similar to declining growth during periods without exogenous hormonal exposure. This differed from discrete periods of exogenous estrogen exposure, during which time HCAs demonstrated overall increased growth. Though larger studies are needed, these findings support recent guidance supporting progestin-only agents for female patients with HCAs seeking non-estrogen alternatives for contraception. IMPLICATIONS In this small retrospective study, we observed overall decrease in HCA size during discrete periods of progestin-only contraception use, similar to that observed during periods without exogenous hormone exposure, supporting their use as a safe alternative to estrogen-containing contraceptives in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Qureshy
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sanjay Kakar
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Grab
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Neil Mehta
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Monika Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, UCSF Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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7
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Wu X, Heller M, Lokken RP, Fidelman N, Lam A. Socioeconomic and Survival Analysis of Radioembolization in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-Adjusted Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:815-823.e1. [PMID: 36693521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is associated with longer survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and whether access to TARE is influenced by socioeconomic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of patients with ICC in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2018 was performed with Cox regression analysis to identify predictors of survival. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Socioeconomic factors were compared between 2 groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and χ2 test. Propensity score-matched cohorts were created between patients with ICC who did and did not undergo TARE. RESULTS The number of patients receiving TARE for ICC increased over time from 1 in 2004 to 210 in 2018. Patients in the TARE group were more likely to be White (87.9% vs 84.3%; P = .012) and less likely to be Hispanic/Latino (7.7% vs 11.0%; P = .009). Fewer patients who underwent TARE were uninsured (0.9% vs 2.8%; P = .012). Older age, male sex, non-White race, higher tumor grade size, and stage, earlier year of diagnosis, lack of treatment with surgery or systemic therapy, and presence of lymphatic or vascular invasion exhibited significant associations with decreased survival (P < .05 for all). Patients who underwent TARE had longer survival in both unadjusted and adjusted cohorts, with an OS of 17.5 months (vs 7.2 months in the non-TARE group) after propensity matching. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ICC who had undergone TARE experienced significantly longer survival than that experienced by those who had not after adjusting for measurable confounders. Significant socioeconomic disparities in access to TARE remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael Heller
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - R Peter Lokken
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nicholas Fidelman
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander Lam
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Elkhadragy L, Khabbaz RC, Muchiri RN, Totura WM, Samuelson JP, Whiteley HE, van Breemen RB, Lokken RP, Gaba RC. Pharmacokinetics and Early Tumor Response to Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization with Sorafenib and Doxorubicin in a VX2 Rabbit Tumor Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:1213-1221.e5. [PMID: 35850455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and early effects of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (c-TACE) using sorafenib and doxorubicin on tumor necrosis, hypoxia markers, and angiogenesis in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS VX2 tumor-laden New Zealand White rabbits (n=16) were divided into two groups; one group was treated with hepatic arterial administration of ethiodized oil-doxorubicin emulsion (DOX-TACE), and the other group was treated with ethiodized oil, sorafenib, and doxorubicin emulsion (SORA-DOX-TACE). Animals were sacrificed within 3 days post-procedure. Levels of sorafenib and doxorubicin were measured in blood, tumor, and adjacent liver using mass spectrometry. Tumor necrosis was determined by histopathological examination. Intra-tumoral hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel density (MVD) were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The median intra-tumoral concentration of sorafenib in the SORA-DOX-TACE group was 17.7 μg/mL [Interquartile range (IQR), 7.42-33.5] and its maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) was 0.164 μg/mL (IQR, 0.0798-0.528). The intra-tumoral concentration and Cmax of doxorubicin were similar between the groups; 4.08 μg/mL (IQR, 3.18-4.79) and 0.677 μg/mL (IQR, 0.315-1.23) in DOX-TACE, and 1.68 (IQR, 0.795-4.08) and 0.298 μg/mL (IQR, 0.241-0.64) in SORA-DOX-TACE, respectively. HIF-1α expression was increased in SORA-DOX-TACE group compared to DOX-TACE group. Tumor volume, tumor necrosis, VEGF expression, and MVD were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Addition of sorafenib to DOX-TACE emulsion delivered to VX2 liver tumors resulted in high intra-tumoral and low systemic concentrations of sorafenib without altering the PK of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth N Muchiri
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University
| | | | | | - Herbert E Whiteley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago.
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Rabei R, Vakil P, King B, Lokken RP, Heller M, Fidelman N, Kohi M. Frailty as a Predictor of Complications and Transplant-Free Survival after Transarterial Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Interventional Radiology ISVIR 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose To determine the association between frailty, 30-day complications, rehospitalization, and transplant-free survival (TFS) following conventional and drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization.
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 125 patients with treatment-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent conventional or drug-eluting beads chemoembolization at our institution between 2014 and 2015. Liver function parameters, Barcelona clinic liver cancer tumor stage, and all components of the five-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) were used to determine the patient's frailty status. Key end points included severe (grade 3 or above) adverse events of chemoembolization, 30-day rehospitalization rates, and TFS. Logistic regression analysis was performed on conventional predictors of postoperative complications after chemoembolization. Median survival was estimated and compared using the Kaplan–Meier's estimator and log-rank test.
Results Among 125 patients who underwent first-time chemoembolization, higher frailty score was an independent predictor of both 30-day hospital readmission and severe liver toxicity (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Each point increase in mFI-5 conferred a threefold or twofold increase in the risk of experiencing 30-day rehospitalization or postoperative severe adverse events, respectively. At the data censor date, patients with mFI-5 score ≥ 2 had decreased overall TFS (28.1 vs. 39.8 months, p = 0.03).
Conclusion Increasing frailty as determined by mFI-5 is an independent predictor of 30-day complications and lower TFS following chemoembolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Rabei
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Parmede Vakil
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Bradley King
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Michael Heller
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Nicholas Fidelman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Maureen Kohi
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Kohlbrenner R, Schwertner AB, Vogel AR, Conrad M, Lokken RP. Large thrombosed portomesenteric venous aneurysm treated with pharmacomechanical thrombolysis combined with TIPS placement. CVIR Endovasc 2022; 5:11. [PMID: 35133515 PMCID: PMC8825927 DOI: 10.1186/s42155-022-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aneurysms are rare anomalies of the portomesenteric venous system. Thrombotic complications of these lesions can lead to mesenteric venous ischemia and bowel infarction, potentially requiring surgical intervention. Herein we describe a case of mesenteric ischemia due to a large thrombosed portomesenteric aneurysm treated with endovascular techniques. Case presentation A 37-year-old previously healthy male who presented with abdominal pain to his local emergency department was found to have a thrombosed 12.0 × 5.1 cm portomesenteric venous aneurysm with evidence of mesenteric ischemia on CT. When conservative management with anticoagulation failed, transhepatic pharmacomechanical thrombolysis was initially performed. This was followed by TIPS placement with additional trans-TIPS thrombectomy to improve sluggish portal outflow and prevent re-thrombosis. The patient’s symptoms and imaging findings of ischemia resolved after endovascular therapy. No surgical intervention was required, and the patient was discharged on enoxaparin before being transitioned to apixaban. The TIPS remained patent at 2-year follow-up, with no change in the size of the aneurysm or re-thrombosis noted. The patient’s synthetic liver function was preserved with no evidence of hepatic encephalopathy during the follow-up period. Conclusions Endovascular therapies may be used to manage thrombotic complications of portomesenteric venous aneurysms, obviating the need for surgical intervention in selected patients.
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Lokken RP, Conrad MB. Nonoperative Management of Unstable Patients with Solid Organ Injury: An Incompletely Mapped Frontier. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 32:1156-1157. [PMID: 34332716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Miles B Conrad
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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12
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Speir EJ, Hills NK, Lokken RP. Accuracy of Disclosed Financial Relationships between Radiologists and Industry at the 2018 RSNA Annual Meeting. Radiology 2021; 300:433-435. [PMID: 34100685 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021210273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Grant in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Speir
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology (E.J.S., R.P.L.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.K.H.), and Department of Neurology (N.K.H.), University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Nancy K Hills
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology (E.J.S., R.P.L.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.K.H.), and Department of Neurology (N.K.H.), University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - R Peter Lokken
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology (E.J.S., R.P.L.), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.K.H.), and Department of Neurology (N.K.H.), University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Gaba RC, Khabbaz RC, Muchiri RN, Morrison JD, Elkhadragy L, Totura WM, Samuelson JP, Whiteley HE, Deaton RL, Nguyen PL, Sverdlov M, Johnson JJ, van Breemen RB, Lokken RP. Conventional versus drug-eluting embolic transarterial chemoembolization with doxorubicin: comparative drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and treatment response in a rabbit VX2 tumor model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1105-1117. [PMID: 33861419 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare intra-tumoral drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and treatment response after doxorubicin (DOX) conventional (c-) versus drug-eluting embolic (DEE-) transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Twenty-four rabbits with solitary liver tumors underwent c-TACE (n = 12) (1:2 water-in-oil emulsion, 0.6 mL volume, 2 mg DOX) or DEE-TACE (n = 12) (130,000 70-150 µm 2 mg DOX-loaded microspheres). Systemic, intra-tumoral, and liver DOX levels were measured using mass spectrometry up to 7-day post-procedure. Intra-tumoral DOX distribution was quantified using fluorescence imaging. Percent tumor necrosis was quantified by a pathologist blinded to treatment group. Lobar TACE was successfully performed in all cases. Peak concentration (CMAX, µg/mL) for plasma, tumor tissue, and liver were 0.666, 4.232, and 0.270 for c-TACE versus 0.103, 8.988, and 0.610 for DEE-TACE. Area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC, µg/mL ∗ min) for plasma, tumor tissue, and liver were 18.3, 27,078.8, and 1339.1 for c-TACE versus 16.4, 26,204.8, and 1969.6 for DEE-TACE. A single dose of intra-tumoral DOX maintained cytotoxic levels through 7-day post-procedure for both TACE varieties, with a half-life of 1.8 (c-TACE) and 0.8 (DEE-TACE) days. Tumor-to-normal liver DOX ratio was high (c-TACE, 20.2; DEE-TACE, 13.3). c-TACE achieved significantly higher DOX coverage of tumor vs. DEE-TACE (10.8% vs. 2.3%; P = 0.003). Percent tumor necrosis was similar (39% vs. 37%; P = 0.806). In conclusion, in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model, both c-TACE and DEE-TACE achieved tumoricidal intra-tumoral DOX levels and high tumor-to-normal liver drug ratios, though c-TACE resulted in significantly greater tumor coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | - Ramzy C Khabbaz
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ruth N Muchiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | | | - Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - William M Totura
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jonathan P Samuelson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Herbert E Whiteley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Ryan L Deaton
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Peter L Nguyen
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Maria Sverdlov
- Research Histology and Tissue Imaging Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jeremy J Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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Schwertner A, Kohlbrenner RM, Seeley EJ, Lokken RP. Nonfibered Packing Coil Embolization of Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm Resulting in a Delayed Endobronchial Coil Migration. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021; 32:626-628. [PMID: 33526345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schwertner
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Denver Health Medical Center, 777 Bannock Street, MC 0024, Denver, CO 80204
| | - Ryan M Kohlbrenner
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Eric J Seeley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Losey AD, Lokken RP, Kolli KP, Kerlan RK, Taylor AG, Kohi MP. Embolization of Arterial-Portal Fistula to Treat Associated Hemobilia after Transjugular Liver Biopsy. Semin Intervent Radiol 2020; 37:430-433. [PMID: 33041491 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Losey
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - K Pallav Kolli
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert K Kerlan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew G Taylor
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maureen P Kohi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
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16
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Compadre AJ, Kohi M, Lokken RP, Blissett S, Harris IS, Lucero J, Rosenstein MG, Sobhani NC. Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Submassive Pulmonary Embolism in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:1899-1904. [PMID: 34317077 PMCID: PMC8299248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 37-year-old woman presented with chest pain and shortness of breath in the third trimester of pregnancy. Diagnostic imaging demonstrated a saddle pulmonary embolism, severe impairment of right ventricular function, and an extensive deep venous thrombus. She underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator and delivered a healthy infant at term. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Compadre
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Maureen Kohi
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - R. Peter Lokken
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah Blissett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Ian S. Harris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer Lucero
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Melissa G. Rosenstein
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Nasim C. Sobhani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
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Kord A, James E, Herren J, Gaba RC, Lokken RP. Esophagopulmonary fistula causing pulmonary arterial pseudoaneurysms and massive hemoptysis. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:914-920. [PMID: 32382378 PMCID: PMC7201158 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An esophagopulmonary fistula (EPF) may occur in patients with esophageal carcinoma and result in pulmonary abscess formation. Lung abscesses may in turn cause pulmonary artery (PA) pseudoaneurysms and life-threatening hemoptysis. We report a 59-year-old man with past medical history of metastatic distal esophageal adenocarcinoma who presented with fever, cough, and massive hemoptysis. Imaging evaluation demonstrated an EPF, associated lung abscess, and PA pseudoaneurysms. The presented case illustrates that embolization of PA pseudoaneurysms to prevent bleeding, and endoscopic esophageal covered stent graft placement to divert esophageal contents from the abscess, may facilitate a favorable outcome.
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Koethe Y, Lokken RP, Lehrman ED, Kerlan RK, Roberts JP, Rhee SJ, Kohi MP, Kolli KP. Overdilation of a 6-mm Self-Expanding Stent with a 10-mm Balloon-Expandable Stent Graft Preserves Failing Meso-Rex Bypass. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 31:521-523. [PMID: 32007411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Koethe
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Evan D Lehrman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Robert K Kerlan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - John P Roberts
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - Sue J Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Maureen P Kohi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
| | - K Pallav Kolli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143
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Park BV, Gaba RC, Huang YH, Chen YF, Guzman G, Lokken RP. Histology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association with Clinical Features, Radiological Findings, and Locoregional Therapy Outcomes. J Clin Imaging Sci 2019; 9:52. [PMID: 31819829 PMCID: PMC6884980 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_111_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) histology is associated with clinical and computed tomographic/magnetic resonance imaging features and locoregional therapy (LRT) outcomes. Subjects and Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 124 consecutive patients (92 men, median age 59 years) with 132 HCC diagnosed by biopsy between 2008 and 2017 before LRT. Patients underwent chemoembolization (n = 51, 41%), ablation (n = 41, 33%), yttrium-90 radioembolization (n = 17, 13%), and chemoembolization/ablation (n = 15, 12%). Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage was 0/A (n = 48, 38%), B (n = 33, 26%), C (n = 27, 22%), and D (n = 16, 13%). Edmondson-Steiner (ES) grade and cytology were correlated with baseline features and radiologic response using logistic regression. Time to progression (TTP) and transplant-free survival (TFS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: High ES grade was associated with α-fetoprotein (AFP) >50 ng/ml (odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–13.9; P < 0.01), tumor diameter >5 cm (OR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–9.0; P < 0.05), infiltrative appearance (OR 5.0, 95% CI: 1.5–16.2; P < 0.01), and BCLC Stage C (OR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3–16.4; P = 0.02). Clear-cell subtype was associated with non-viral cirrhosis (OR 5.3, 95% CI: 1.6–17.2; P < 0.01) and atypical enhancement (OR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.0–9.3; P < 0.05). AFP, BCLC Stage B, and diameter were associated with reduced TTP and TFS (P < 0.05). Neither ES grade nor clear-cell subtype was associated with objective response (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 0.7– 7.4; P = 0.15 and OR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.4–3.4; P = 0.87, respectively), TTP (P > 0.20), or TFS (P > 0.90) on univariate or stratified analysis. Conclusion: Histologic grade is associated with aggressive tumor features, while clear-cell HCC is associated with non-viral cirrhosis and atypical enhancement. Unlike AFP, BCLC stage, and tumor size, histologic features were not associated with LRT outcomes, supporting biopsy deferral for imaging diagnosed HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V Park
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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20
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Bremer WA, Lokken RP, Gaba RC, Bui JT. Arterial-portal fistula treated with hepatic arterial embolization and portal venous aneurysm stent-graft exclusion complicated by type 2 endoleak. Radiol Case Rep 2019; 14:1301-1305. [PMID: 31467626 PMCID: PMC6710638 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic arterioportal fistulas may be complicated by portal hypertension. An associated portal venous aneurysm (PVA) may impinge upon adjacent structures or rupture. We present a 65-year-old man with an intrahepatic Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula and 6.4 × 5.8 cm right portal vein aneurysm extending within 0.4 cm of the hepatic margin, associated with pain concerning for impending rupture. The PVA was refractory to transarterial embolization due to recruitment of arterial collaterals. Therefore, it was additionally excluded from the portal vein with a 12 mm × 9.5 cm venous stent graft. Although endovascular therapy thrombosed the aneurysm and improved symptoms, it was complicated by a type 2 endoleak into the PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Bremer
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Health. 1740 W. Taylor St. MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - R. Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco. 505 Parnassus Avenue M-361 San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ron C. Gaba
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Health. 1740 W. Taylor St. MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - James T. Bui
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Health. 1740 W. Taylor St. MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Huang YH, Park BV, Chen YF, Gaba RC, Guzman G, Lokken RP. Locoregional Therapy of Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma versus Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30:1317-1324. [PMID: 31375450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare outcomes of unresectable hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after locoregional therapy (LRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with histologically confirmed HCC-CC or HCC treated with LRT between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Ten patients (8 men; median age, 60 y) with 12 HCC-CCs (mean diameter, 4.2 cm ± 1.9; mean number, 3.7 ± 3.3) treated with chemoembolization (n = 6), yttrium-90 radioembolization (n = 2), RF ablation (n = 1), or chemoembolization/RF ablation (n = 1) were compared with 124 patients (92 men; median age, 59 y) with 134 HCCs (mean diameter, 4.8 cm ± 4.0; mean number, 2.6 ± 2.2) treated with chemoembolization (n = 51), yttrium-90 radioembolization (n = 17), RF ablation (n = 41), or chemoembolization/RF ablation (n = 15). Propensity score-matched analysis with conditional logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, LRT modality, tumor-specific features, and Child-Pugh class. Tumor-volume doubling time (TVDT) before LRT and objective response rates were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact test; progression-free survival (PFS) and transplant-free survival (TFS) were compared by Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS On univariate analysis, HCC-CC was associated with lower median TVDT (2.4 months vs 5.2 months, P = .03), objective response (30% vs 71%, P = .01), and median PFS (2.4 months vs 7.4 months, HR 4.3, 95% CI 2.2-8.4, P < .0001). Propensity score-matched analysis demonstrated greater distant progression (60% vs 30%, P = .003) and significantly shorter median PFS (2.4 months vs 6.0 months, HR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3-8.9, P = .017) for HCC-CC. No significant difference was observed in TFS (7.5 months vs 13.8 months, HR 1.5, 95% CI 0.4-6.1). CONCLUSIONS HCC-CC was associated with reduced PFS and greater distant progression after LRT compared with HCC, indicating a need for adjunctive treatment strategies to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Huang
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin V Park
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M-361, San Francisco, CA 94143.
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22
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Patel DC, Gaba RC, Liu L, Lokken RP. Tissue plasminogen activator dose and pulmonary artery pressure reduction in catheter directed thrombolysis of submassive pulmonary embolism. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211701. [PMID: 30726288 PMCID: PMC6364916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the incremental effect of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) dose on pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and bleeding during catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) of submassive pulmonary embolism (PE). Materials and methods Records of 46 consecutive patients (25 men, 21 women, mean age 55±14 y) who underwent CDT for submassive PE between September 2009 and February 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean t-PA rate was 0.7±0.3 mg/h. PAP was measured at baseline and daily until CDT termination. Mixed-effects regression modeling was performed of repeated PAP measures in individual patients. Bleeding events were classified by Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) and t-PA dose at onset. Results Mean t-PA dose was 43.0±30.0 mg over 61.9± 28.8 h. Mean systolic PAP decreased from 51.7±15.5 mmHg at baseline to 35.6±12.7 mmHg at CDT termination (p<0.001). Mixed-effects regression revealed a linear decrease in systolic PAP over time (β = -0.37 (SE = 0.05), p<0.001) with reduction in mean systolic PAP to 44.8±1.9 mmHg at 12 mg t-PA/20 h, 39.5±2.0 mmHg at 24 mg t-PA/40 h, and 34.9±2.1 mmHg at 36 mg/60 h. No severe, one moderate, and 8 mild bleeding events occurred; bleeding onset was more frequent at ≤24 mg t-PA (p <0.001). One patient expired from cardiopulmonary arrest after 16 h of CDT (15.4 mg t-PA); no additional intra-procedural fatalities occurred. Conclusion Increased total t-PA dose and CDT duration were associated with greater PAP reduction without increased bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan C. Patel
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ron C. Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - R. Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Darrow AW, Gaba RC, Lokken RP. Transhepatic Revision of Occluded Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Complicated by Endotipsitis. Semin Intervent Radiol 2019; 35:492-496. [PMID: 30728666 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Williams Darrow
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
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24
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Khabbaz RC, Huang YH, Smith AA, Garcia KD, Lokken RP, Gaba RC. Development and Angiographic Use of the Rabbit VX2 Model for Liver Cancer. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30663668 DOI: 10.3791/58600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit VX2 tumor is an animal model commonly utilized for translational research regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the field of Interventional Radiology. This model employs an anaplastic squamous cell carcinoma that is easily and reliably propagated in the skeletal muscle of donor rabbits for eventual harvest and allograft implantation into the liver of naïve recipients. This tumor graft rapidly grows within the liver of recipient rabbits into an angiographically identifiable tumor characterized by a necrotic core surrounded by a viable hypervascular capsule. The physical size of the rabbit anatomy is sufficient to facilitate vascular instrumentation allowing for the application and testing of various interventional techniques. Despite these benefits, there exists a paucity of technical resources to act as a concrete reference for researchers working with the model. Herein, we present a comprehensive visual outline for the technical aspects of development, growth, propagation, and angiographic utilization of the rabbit VX2 tumor model for use by novice and experienced researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzy C Khabbaz
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois; College of Medicine, University of Illinois
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois; College of Medicine, University of Illinois
| | - Alexandra A Smith
- Department of Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois
| | | | | | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois;
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25
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Gaba RC, Lokken RP, Zwanziger J, Girotti JA, Ray CE, Kashima K. Eight Years' Experience With a Radiology-Sponsored Medical Student Research Fellowship Program. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 16:224-227. [PMID: 30420238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jack Zwanziger
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jorge A Girotti
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charles E Ray
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, Chicago, Illinois; University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen Kashima
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Devulapalli KK, Fidelman N, Soulen MC, Miller M, Johnson MS, Addo E, El-Haddad G, Nutting C, Morrison J, Farsad K, Lokken RP, Gaba RC, Fleming J, Brown DB, Kwan SW, Rose SC, Pennycooke KA, Liu DM, White SB, Gandhi R, Lazar AA, Kerlan RK. 90Y Radioembolization for Hepatic Malignancy in Patients with Previous Biliary Intervention: Multicenter Analysis of Hepatobiliary Infections. Radiology 2018; 288:774-781. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018170962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gaba RC, Mendoza-Elias N, Regan DP, Garcia KD, Lokken RP, Schwind RM, Eichner M, Thomas FM, Rund LA, Schook LB, Schachtschneider KM. Characterization of an Inducible Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Investigation in a Transgenic Porcine Tumorigenic Platform. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:1194-1202.e1. [PMID: 29887183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study used the Oncopig Cancer Model (OCM) to develop alcohol-induced fibrosis in a porcine model capable of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liver injury was induced in 8-week-old Oncopigs (n = 10) via hepatic transarterial infusion of 0.75 mL/kg ethanol-ethiodized oil (1:3 v/v). Feasibility was assessed in an initial Oncopig cohort (n = 5) by histologic analysis at 8 weeks after induction, and METAVIR results were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 5). Liver injury was then induced in a second OCM cohort (n = 5) for a time-course study, with post-induction disease surveillance via biweekly physical exam, lab analysis, and liver biopsies until 20 weeks after induction. RESULTS In Cohort 1, 8-week post-induction liver histologic analysis revealed median METAVIR F3 (range, F3-F4) fibrosis, A2 (range, A2-A3) inflammation, and 15.3% (range, 5.0%-22.9%) fibrosis. METAVIR and inflammation scores were generally elevated compared to healthy controls (F0-F1, P = 0.0013; A0-A1, P = .0013; median percent fibrosis 8.7%, range, 5.8%-12.1%, P = .064). In Cohort 2, histologic analysis revealed peak fibrosis severity of median METAVIR F3 (range, F2-F3). However, lack of persistent alcohol exposure resulted in liver recovery, with median METAVIR F2 (range, F1-F2) fibrosis at 20 weeks after induction. No behavioral or biochemical abnormalities were observed to indicate liver decompensation. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully validated a protocol to develop METAVIR F3-F4 fibrosis within 8 weeks in the OCM, supporting its potential to serve as a model for hepatocellular carcinoma in a fibrotic liver background. Further investigation is required to determine if repeated alcohol liver injury is required to develop an irreversible METAVIR grade F4 porcine cirrhosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | | | - Daniel P Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kelly D Garcia
- Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Regina M Schwind
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Michael Eichner
- Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Faith M Thomas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana and Champaign, Illinois
| | - Lauretta A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana and Champaign, Illinois
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, Illinois, 60612; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana and Champaign, Illinois
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Health, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, Illinois, 60612.
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Sheybani A, Gaba RC, Lokken RP, Berggruen SM, Mar WA. Liver Masses: What Physicians Need to Know About Ordering and Interpreting Liver Imaging. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2017; 19:58. [PMID: 29044439 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-017-0596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews diagnostic imaging techniques used to characterize liver masses and the imaging characteristics of the most common liver masses. RECENT FINDINGS The role of recently adopted ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents will be emphasized. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is an inexpensive exam which can confirm benignity of certain liver masses without ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging using hepatocyte-specific gadolinium-based contrast agents can help confirm or narrow the differential diagnosis of liver masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Sheybani
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1740 W Taylor St Rm 2483, MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1740 W Taylor St Rm 2483, MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1740 W Taylor St Rm 2483, MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Senta M Berggruen
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, NMH/Arkes Family Pavilion Suite 800, 676 N Saint Clair, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Winnie A Mar
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1740 W Taylor St Rm 2483, MC 931, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Gaba RC, Lokken RP, Hickey RM, Lipnik AJ, Lewandowski RJ, Salem R, Brown DB, Walker TG, Silberzweig JE, Baerlocher MO, Echenique AM, Midia M, Mitchell JW, Padia SA, Ganguli S, Ward TJ, Weinstein JL, Nikolic B, Dariushnia SR. Quality Improvement Guidelines for Transarterial Chemoembolization and Embolization of Hepatic Malignancy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:1210-1223.e3. [PMID: 28669744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Gaba
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612.
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ryan M Hickey
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew J Lipnik
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robert J Lewandowski
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Riad Salem
- Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel B Brown
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - T Gregory Walker
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Echenique
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Mehran Midia
- Interventional Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason W Mitchell
- Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Siddharth A Padia
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Suvranu Ganguli
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Image Guided Cancer Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas J Ward
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jeffrey L Weinstein
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Boris Nikolic
- Department of Radiology, Stratton Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Sean R Dariushnia
- Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lakhoo J, Gunasekaran SS, Lokken RP, Lipnik AJ, Ray CE, Bui JT, Gaba RC. Does advanced chronic kidney disease impact transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt efficacy and safety? Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2017; 80:243-248. [PMID: 29560689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS There are currently limited data available summarizing the clinical outcomes and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) in cases of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study aimed to assess efficacy and safety of TIPS in patients with advanced CKD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients (M :F 8 :9, age 55 years, MELD 24) with grade 4-5 CKD who underwent TIPS for ascites (n = 7) or varices (n = 10) were analyzed. The primary outcome was TIPS efficacy - assessed by comparing paracentesis frequency and diuretic regimen pre- and post-TIPS among ascites patients - and through bleeding cessation in variceal bleeding patients. Other outcomes included hepatic encephalopathy (HE), GFR increase, and mortality. RESULTS Median baseline GFR was 19.9 mL/min. No patients were hemodialysis dependent. Median post-TIPS pressure gradient was 8 mm Hg. Among ascites patients, 5/6 (83%) were TIPS responsive, with reduced or stable diuretics in 4/5 (80%). Among variceal hemorrhage cases, bleeding cessation rate was 90% (9/10). New or worsening HE incidence was 47% (8/17), and one patient required shunt reduction. Of 8 patients with lab follow-up, 6 (75%) demonstrated significant GFR increase (42.2 versus 20.0 mL/min, P = 0.028). The 90-day mortality incidence was 29% (5/17). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TIPS can potentially address ascites and variceal bleeding in advanced CKD patients, though HE incidence may be increased. Further investigation in larger cohorts may corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Senthil S Gunasekaran
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Andrew J Lipnik
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Charles E Ray
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612
| | - James T Bui
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 West Taylor Street, MC 931 Chicago, IL 60612
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Lokken RP, Fidelman N, Kolli KP, Kerlan RK. Safety and Efficacy of Doxorubicin Drug-Eluting Embolic Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Supplied by Extrahepatic Collateral Arteries. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:1698-1704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Park BV, Gaba RC, Lokken RP. Liver Infarction after Drug-Eluting Embolic Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Setting of a Large Portosystemic Shunt. Semin Intervent Radiol 2016; 33:337-341. [PMID: 27904254 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin V Park
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
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Lee ACC, Mullany LC, Ladhani K, Uddin J, Mitra D, Ahmed P, Christian P, Labrique A, DasGupta SK, Lokken RP, Quaiyum M, Baqui AH. Validity of Newborn Clinical Assessment to Determine Gestational Age in Bangladesh. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2015-3303. [PMID: 27313070 PMCID: PMC4925072 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational age (GA) is frequently unknown or inaccurate in pregnancies in low-income countries. Early identification of preterm infants may help link them to potentially life-saving interventions. METHODS We conducted a validation study in a community-based birth cohort in rural Bangladesh. GA was determined by pregnancy ultrasound (<20 weeks). Community health workers conducted home visits (<72 hours) to assess physical/neuromuscular signs and measure anthropometrics. The distribution, agreement, and diagnostic accuracy of different clinical methods of GA assessment were determined compared with early ultrasound dating. RESULTS In the live-born cohort (n = 1066), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.1 weeks (SD 2.0) and prevalence of preterm birth (<37 weeks) was 11.4%. Among assessed newborns (n = 710), the mean ultrasound GA was 39.3 weeks (SD 1.6) (8.3% preterm) and by Ballard scoring the mean GA was 38.9 weeks (SD 1.7) (12.9% preterm). The average bias of the Ballard was -0.4 weeks; however, 95% limits of agreement were wide (-4.7 to 4.0 weeks) and the accuracy for identifying preterm infants was low (sensitivity 16%, specificity 87%). Simplified methods for GA assessment had poor diagnostic accuracy for identifying preterm births (community health worker prematurity scorecard [sensitivity/specificity: 70%/27%]; Capurro [5%/96%]; Eregie [75%/58%]; Bhagwat [18%/87%], foot length <75 mm [64%/35%]; birth weight <2500 g [54%/82%]). Neonatal anthropometrics had poor to fair performance for classifying preterm infants (areas under the receiver operating curve 0.52-0.80). CONCLUSIONS Newborn clinical assessment of GA is challenging at the community level in low-resource settings. Anthropometrics are also inaccurate surrogate markers for GA in settings with high rates of fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne CC Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luke C. Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karima Ladhani
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;,Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jamal Uddin
- Child Health Research Foundation, Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak Mitra
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Parvez Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; and
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alain Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sushil K. DasGupta
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; and
| | - R. Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohammed Quaiyum
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; and
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lakhoo J, Bui JT, Lokken RP, Ray CE, Gaba RC. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation and Variceal Coil or Plug Embolization Ineffectively Attain Gastric Variceal Decompression or Occlusion: Results of a 26-Patient Retrospective Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:1001-11. [PMID: 27106732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation with or without variceal coil and/or plug embolization in decompressing or occluding gastric varices (GVs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 78 patients with GV bleeding who underwent TIPS creation with or without embolotherapy with metallic coils and/or plugs from 1999 to 2014 were identified. Individuals who had a bare-metal TIPS and/or lacked post-TIPS imaging or endoscopic follow-up were excluded. The final cohort included 26 patients (16 men; median age, 54 y; median Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, 16). Variceal types, supplying vessels, and postprocedure GV patency on cross-sectional imaging or endoscopy were assessed. The primary study outcome measure was GV patency rate as a surrogate for efficacy of TIPS creation with or without embolization. RESULTS GVs included gastroesophageal varix types 1 (n = 10) and 2 (n = 2), isolated GV types 1 (n = 4) and 2 (n = 2), and unspecified (n = 8). TIPS creation resulted in a median final portosystemic pressure gradient of 7 mm Hg. Multiple GV-supplying vessels (left/posterior/short gastric veins) were present in 65% of patients (n = 17). Embolization was performed in 69% (n = 18). Thirteen, four, and nine patients had imaging, endoscopic, or both imaging/endoscopic follow-up. GV patency rate was 65% (n = 17; 61%/75% with/without embolization) at a median of 128.5 days (range, 1-1,295 d) after TIPS creation. Incidence of recurrent bleeding was 27% (n = 7), and the 90-day mortality rate was 15% (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS In this study, most GVs showed persistent patency despite TIPS decompression and variceal embolization, and the incidence of recurrent bleeding was high. The findings suggest suboptimal efficacy for GVs, and indicate a need for study of alternative or adjunctive approaches to GV treatment, such as chemical obliteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janesh Lakhoo
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 W. Taylor St., MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - James T Bui
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 W. Taylor St., MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 W. Taylor St., MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Charles E Ray
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 W. Taylor St., MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 W. Taylor St., MC 931, Chicago, IL 60612.
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Patel D, Ray CE, Lokken RP, Bui JT, Lipnik AJ, Gaba RC. Advanced Stent Graft Treatment of Venous Stenosis Affecting Hemodialysis Vascular Access: Case Illustrations. Semin Intervent Radiol 2016; 33:39-45. [PMID: 27011426 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Surgically placed dialysis access is an important component of dialysis replacement therapy. The vast majority of patients undergoing dialysis will have surgically placed accesses at some point in the course of their disease, and for many patients these accesses may represent their definitive renal replacement option. Most, if not all, arteriovenous fistulae and grafts will require interventions at some point in time. Percutaneous angioplasty is the typical first treatment performed for venous stenoses, with stents and stent grafts being reserved for patients in whom angioplasty and surgical options are exhausted. In some salvage situations, stent graft placement may be the only or best option for patients. This article describes, using case illustrations, placement of stent grafts in such patients; a focus will also be made on the techniques utilized in such salvage situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Patel
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charles E Ray
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James T Bui
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew J Lipnik
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Lokken RP, Gervais DA, Arellano RS, Tuncali K, Morrison PR, Tatli S, Mueller PR, Silverman SG. Inflammatory Nodules Mimic Applicator Track Seeding After Percutaneous Ablation of Renal Tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 189:845-8. [PMID: 17885054 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.07.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to report the occurrence of benign inflammatory nodules that develop in or near applicator tracks after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation of renal tumors. CONCLUSION Benign inflammatory nodules occur rarely after percutaneous ablation of renal tumors and may mimic tumor seeding of the applicator track.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Peter Lokken
- Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the evidence for an association between physical activity of moderate intensity and risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We searched EMBASE and Medline through March 2006 and examined reference lists of retrieved articles. We excluded studies that did not assess physical activity of moderate intensity independent of activities of vigorous intensity (more than six times the resting metabolic rate). Information on study design, participant characteristics, assessment of physical activity, and outcomes and estimates of associations were extracted independently by two investigators. We calculated summary relative risks (RRs) using a random-effects model for the highest versus the lowest reported duration of activities. RESULTS We identified 10 prospective cohort studies of physical activity of moderate intensity and type 2 diabetes, including a total of 301,221 participants and 9,367 incident cases. Five of these studies specifically investigated the role of walking. The summary RR of type 2 diabetes was 0.69 (95% CI 0.58-0.83) for regular participation in physical activity of moderate intensity as compared with being sedentary. Similarly, the RR was 0.70 (0.58-0.84) for regular walking (typically > or = 2.5 h/week brisk walking) as compared with almost no walking. The associations remained significant after adjustment for BMI. Similar associations were observed in men and women and in the U.S. and Europe. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that adherence to recommendations to participate in physical activities of moderate intensity such as brisk walking can substantially reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Y Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Nucleotide analog interference mapping (NAIM) is a powerful method for identifying RNA functional groups involved in protein-RNA interactions. We examined particles assembled on modified U1 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in vitro and detected two categories of interferences. The first class affects the stability of two higher-order complexes and comprises changes in two adenosines, A65 and A70, in the loop region previously identified as the binding site for the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-specific U1A protein. Addition of an exocyclic amine to position 2 of A65 interferes strongly with protein binding, whereas removal or modification of the exocyclic amine at position 6 makes little difference. Modifications of A70 exhibit the opposite effects: Additions at position 2 are permitted, but modification of the exocyclic amine at position 6 significantly inhibits protein binding. These interactions, critical for U1A-U1 snRNA recognition in the context of in vitro snRNP assembly, are consistent with previous structural studies of the isolated protein with the RNA hairpin containing the U1A binding site. The second category of interferences affects all partially assembled U1-protein complexes by decreasing the stability of Sm core protein associations. Interestingly, most strong interferences occur at phosphates in the terminal stem-loop region of U1, rather than in the Sm binding site. These data argue that interactions with the phosphate backbone of the terminal stem loop are essential for the stable association of Sm core proteins with the U1 snRNA. We suggest that the stem loop of all Sm snRNAs may act as a clamp to hold the ring of Sm proteins in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S McConnell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
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