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Soh RCC, Chen BZ, Hartono S, Lee MS, Lee W, Lim SL, Gan J, Maréchal B, Chan LL, Lo YL. The hindbrain and cortico-reticular pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e759-e766. [PMID: 38388254 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To characterise the corticoreticular pathway (CRP) in a case-control cohort of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients using high-resolution slice-accelerated readout-segmented echo-planar diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to enhance the discrimination of small brainstem nuclei in comparison to automated whole-brain volumetry and tractography and their clinical correlates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four participants (16 AIS patients, 18 healthy controls) underwent clinical and orthopaedic assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3 T MRI machine. Automated whole-brain volume-based morphometry, tract-based spatial statistics analysis, and manual CRP tractography by two independent raters were performed. Intra-rater and inter-rater agreement of DTI metrics from CRP tractography were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. Normalised structural brain volumes and DTI metrics were compared between groups using Student's t-tests. Linear correlation analysis between imaging parameters and clinical scores was also performed. RESULTS AIS patients demonstrated a significantly larger pons volume compared to controls (p=0.006). Significant inter-side CRP differences in mean (p=0.02) and axial diffusivity (p=0.01) were found in patients only. Asymmetry in CRP fractional anisotropy significantly correlated with the Cobb angle (p=0.03). CONCLUSION Relative pontine hypertrophy and asymmetry in CRP DTI metrics suggest central supranuclear inter-hemispheric imbalance in AIS, and support the role of the CRP in axial muscle tone. Longitudinal evaluation of CRP DTI metrics in the prediction of AIS progression may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C C Soh
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - B Z Chen
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - S Hartono
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - M S Lee
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - W Lee
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - S L Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - J Gan
- Siemens Healthineers, Singapore
| | - B Maréchal
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS 5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L L Chan
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Y L Lo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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Li J, Tuo D, Guo G, Gao Y, Gan J. The clinical significance and oncogenic function of LRRFIP1 in pancreatic cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:123. [PMID: 38634978 PMCID: PMC11026317 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy with a grim prognosis. Previous studies have proven that Leucine Rich Repeat of Flightless-1 Interacting Protein 1 (LRRFIP1) plays a pivotal role in cell biological processes, while its clinical significance and function in pancreatic cancer remain to be elucidated. Hence, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of LRRFIP1 in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expression of LRRFIP1 in pancreatic cancer tissues and its clinical significance for pancreatic cancer were analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay and bioinformatic analysis. The influences of LRRFIP1 on the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells were assessed in vitro. The underlying mechanisms of LRRFIP1 in pancreatic cancer progression were explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and molecular experiments. RESULTS The results showed that LRRFIP1 expression was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to the normal tissues, and such upregulation was associated with poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. GSEA revealed that LRRFIP1 upregulation was significantly associated with various cancer-associated signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and Wnt pathway. Furthermore, LRRFIP1 was found to be associated with the infiltration of various immune cells. Functionally, LRRFIP1 silencing suppressed cell proliferation somewhat and inhibited migration substantially. Further molecular experiments indicated that LRRFIP1 silencing inactivated the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis. CONCLUSION Taken together, LRRFIP1 is associated with tumorigenesis, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis in pancreatic cancer, which suggests that LRRFIP1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayun Tuo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gunan Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, 526020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Patel V, Patel J, Gan J, Rahiminejad M, Preston R, Mak SM, Benedetti G. Reporting of coronary artery calcification on chest CT studies in patients with interstitial lung disease. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e532-e538. [PMID: 38242805 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) on non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the thorax in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), assess consistency of CAC reporting and assess incidence of subsequent cardiac events. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with known interstitial lung disease who underwent a CT thorax over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Presence of CAC was assessed using a visual scale for CAC reporting and graded as mild, moderate, or severe by two cardiothoracic radiologists. CT reports were reviewed to determine if presence of CAC had been described. Electronic medical records were reviewed for any subsequent cardiothoracic events from the date of the CT thorax to present. RESULTS 254 patients were included in the analysis (54.7% men; mean age 59.9 yo). 43.7% had CAC on their CT thorax; however, in 87.3% of those, reports did not comment on its presence. 8 patients had cardiac events; 7 of them had CAC on CT although only in 1 case this was reported. Global CAC and LAD CAC Patients with cardiac events had a significantly higher global CAC (p=0.016) and LAD CAC (p=0.048) when compared to patients without. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a high prevalence of CAC in ILD patients and its significant association with adverse cardiac events. Unfortunately, CAC on CT thorax is still largely unreported. As per recent BSCI/BSCCT and BSTI guidelines, reporting of CAC should become part of routine practice, as may prompt prevention and impact on patients outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Patel
- The Royal Marsden, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - J Patel
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Gan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M Rahiminejad
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - R Preston
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - S M Mak
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - G Benedetti
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Li J, Tuo D, Cheng T, Deng Z, Gan J. GCF2 mediates nicotine-induced cancer stemness and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 271:115952. [PMID: 38218109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the most impactful behavior-related risk factors for multiple cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nicotine, as the principal component of tobacco, is not only responsible for smoking addiction but also a carcinogen; nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that nicotine enhances HCC cancer stemness and malignant progression by upregulating the expression of GC-rich binding factor 2 (GCF2), a gene that was revealed to be upregulated in HCC and whose upregulation predicts poor prognosis, and subsequently activating the Wnt/ꞵ-catenin/SOX2 signaling pathway. We found that nicotine significantly increased GCF2 expression and that silencing of GCF2 reduced nicotine-induced cancer stemness and progression. Mechanistically, nicotine could stabilize the protein level of GCF2, and then GCF2 could robustly activate its downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, our results thus suggest that GCF2 is a potential target for a therapeutic strategy against nicotine-promoted HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Dayun Tuo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China; Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Tan Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guilin Hospital of the Second Xiangya Hospital CSU, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China.
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Wu G, Qi G, Liu Y, Gan J, Xie C, Wu Q, Cui W, Wang C, Wang Z. ER-α36 is involved in calycosin inhibition of IL-6 production in macrophages. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18037. [PMID: 37974543 PMCID: PMC10805506 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumour development and progression. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME can promote tumour progression and metastasis by releasing cytokines, such as IL-6. Calycosin, a phytoestrogen that is one of the active compounds in Radix Astragali, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism by which calycosin inhibits tumour growth remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of calycosin on IL-6 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)- and THP-1-derived macrophages and explore its potential mechanisms using co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. We found that calycosin treatment substantially upregulated the expression of ER-α36, a variant of the ER, and reduced IL-6 production in macrophages. Mechanistically, ER-α36 physically interacted with NF-κBp65 and retained p65 in the cytoplasm to attenuate NF-κB function as an IL-6 transcriptional inducer. In conclusion, our result indicated that calycosin inhibited IL-6 production by enhancing ER-α36 expression and its interaction with p65, which attenuated NF-κB function as an IL-6 inducer. Therefore, calycosin can be developed as an effective agent for cancer therapy by targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Wu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chichu Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Regulation, Department of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Li J, Tuo D, Guo G, Gan J. Aberrant expression of cuproptosis‑related gene LIPT1 is associated with metabolic dysregulation of fatty acid and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15763-15779. [PMID: 37668796 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1) has been recently identified as a cuproptosis‑related gene. As a key enzyme of lipoic acid metabolism, LIPT1 has been revealed to play important roles in hereditary diseases involved with lipoic acid biosynthesis defects, while its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be elucidated. Hence, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of LIPT1 in HCC progression. METHODS The expression of LIPT1 in HCC tissues and its clinical significance for HCC were evaluated by bioinformatic analysis and in our patient cohort. The influences of LIPT1 on the growth, migration, and lipid metabolism of HCC cells were assessed in vitro. The underlying mechanisms were explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and molecular experiments. RESULTS LIPT1 expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissues compared to the normal tissues, and such upregulation was associated with more malignant pathological features and poor prognosis of patients with HCC. LIPT1 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and lipid content. GSEA revealed that LIPT1 upregulation was significantly associated with various cancer-associated signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Further molecular experiments indicated that LIPT1 silencing repressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and inactivated the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of LIPT1 is involved in metabolic dysregulation of fatty acid and poor prognosis of HCC patients, which suggests that LIPT1 plays an important role in reprogramming lipid metabolism and could act as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayun Tuo
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gunan Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Qi C, Zhao JH, Wei YR, Gan J, Wan Y, Wu N, Song L, Zhang Y, Liu ZG. [Observation on the efficacy of different targets low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of tremor-dominant subtypes of Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:3112-3118. [PMID: 37840182 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230629-01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the efficacy of different targets low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of tremor Parkinson's disease(PD). Method: A total of 82 patients with primary PD who were admitted to the Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021 were prospectively collected. According to the clinical characteristics of major movement disorders, 82 patients with tremor type (TD) were selected to enroll.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups at a 1∶1∶1 ratio according to the randomized coding sequence of the trial: the primary motor cortex (M1) group with 26 cases, the cerebellum group with 26 cases and the dual-site (M1, cerebellum) group with 30 cases. All patients were treated with 1 Hz low-frequency stimulation of the corresponding target once a day for 5 days a week for 2 weeks, a total of 10 times; The dosage remained unchanged during the treatment for all groups. Before and after 2 weeks' treatment, the patients were assessed with the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and PD Quality of Life Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) without medication. Cortical excitability, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potential (TMS-MEP), [including resting motor threshold (rMT) and active motor threshold (aMT) examinations], timed up and go (TUG) and electromyographic tremor were conducted. Result: There were 82 patients, 39 males and 43 females, with an average age of (67±8) years. Before the treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation indicators among the three groups (all P>0.05). After the treatment, the differences of the UPDRS-Ⅲ score [(38.9±2.5) vs (29.2±3.6) ], UPDRS tremor score [(23.7±2.1) vs (14.6±3.1) ], TUG time [(44.8±3.1) s vs (33.7±4.1) s], tremor amplitude [(480±126) μV vs (276±94) μV], PDQ-39 score [(51±13) vs (45±13) ], rMT [(36±17)% vs (43±13)%], and aMT [(26±16)% vs (31±12)%] were statistically significant (all P<0.01) from those before the treatment. There was no statistical difference in the above factors between the M1 group and cerebellum group (all P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in tremor peak frequency among the three groups before and after the treatment (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Dual-site low-frequency rTMS can improve PD tremor, while M1 or cerebellar low-frequency rTMS does not significantly improve PD tremor. Its mechanism may be to improve PD tremor symptoms by regulating cortical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J H Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y R Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - L Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Z G Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Gan J, Ji CF, Mao XR, Wang JT, Lyu CY, Shi YF, Liao Y, He YL, Shu L, Li L, Li JF. [Synchronization isolation method for multiple types of cells from mouse liver]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:532-537. [PMID: 37365031 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220827-00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore a simple and feasible method for the isolation and purification of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), and lymphocytes from mice. Methods: The cell suspension was obtained from male C57bl/6 mice by hepatic perfusion through the portal vein digestion method and then isolated and purified by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. Trypan blue exclusion was used to determine cell viability. Glycogen staining, cytokeratin 18, and transmission electron microscopy were used to identify hepatic cells. Immunofluorescence was used to detect α-smooth muscle actin combined with desmin in HSCs. Flow cytometry was used to analyze lymphocyte subsets in the liver. Results: After isolation and purification, about 2.7×10(7) hepatocytes, 5.7×10(5) HSCS, and 4.6×106 hepatic mononuclear cells were obtained from the liver of mice with a body weight of about 22g. The cell survival rate in each group was > 95%. Hepatocytes were apparent in glycogen deposited purple-red granules and cytokeratin 18. Electron microscopy showed that there were abundant organelles in hepatocytes and tight junctions between cells. HSC had expressed α-smooth muscle actin and desmin. Flow cytometry showed hepatic mononuclear cells, including lymphocyte subsets such as CD4, CD8, NKs, and NKTs. Conclusion: The hepatic perfusion through the portal vein digestion method can isolate multiple primary cells from the liver of mice at once and has the features of simplicity and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - C F Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X R Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J T Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - C Y Lyu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y F Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Liao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y L He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L Shu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J F Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Boucher E, Gan J, Shepperd S, Pendlebury ST. 1332 PREVALENCE AND OUTCOMES OF FRAILTY IN OLDER PEOPLE WITH UNPLANNED HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Guidelines recommend screening for frailty in all hospitalised older adults to inform care, based mainly on studies in outpatient and speciality-specific settings. However, most hospital bed-days in older people are for acute, non-elective admissions to general medicine, for which the prevalence and prognostic value of frailty might differ. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review of frailty prevalence and outcomes in older people with unplanned hospital admissions.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL up to 30/04/2021 for observational studies using validated frailty measures in unplanned adult hospital-wide or general medicine admissions. We related frailty prevalence to measurement tool, setting and risk of bias (RoB). Relative risks (RR) for mortality, length of stay (LOS), discharge destination and readmission were pooled using random-effects models where appropriate, and area-under-the-ROC-curves calculated. Heterogeneity was explored with meta-regression. Dose-response effects were assessed with the Cochran-Armitage test.
Results
Among 38 cohorts (median/SD age=80/5 years; n=37,733,147 admissions), the median prevalence of moderate-severe frailty was 40.5% (IQR=33.2-53.2; low-moderate RoB=23/38), with considerable heterogeneity (PQ<0.001) apparently unrelated to measure, setting or RoB. Nevertheless, frailty still predicted mortality (RR range=1.08-16.06), long LOS (range=1.35-3.04) and discharge destination (range=1.97-3.45) in all studies with more severe frailty associated with worse outcomes, although associations with 30-day readmission were conflicting (range=0.52-1.64). Studies reporting lower frailty prevalence showed stronger associations between frailty and mortality (beta=-0.009, P=0.03, R=49.6%), with the most consistent (PQ=0.11) associations found in studies using prospective measures (pooled RR=2.57, 95%CI=2.30-2.88) and little attenuation after adjustment for age, sex and comorbidity. Ordinal cut-points appeared to provide superior discrimination to dichotomous thresholds.
Conclusions
Frailty is common in older patients with acute, non-elective hospital admissions and remains an independent predictor of mortality, LOS and discharge home in the acute setting, justifying more widespread implementation of screening using prospective tools and consideration of the degree of frailty in guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boucher
- University of Oxford Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , UK
| | | | - S Shepperd
- University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Population Health, , UK
| | - S T Pendlebury
- University of Oxford Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Departments of General (Internal) Medicine and Geratology, , UK
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Zhao R, Xie C, Gong Y, Wei S, Yuan M, Gan J, Chen W. A Novel Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signature Predicts Immune Status and Prognosis of Breast Cancer. J Oncol 2022; 2022:5468858. [PMID: 36467500 PMCID: PMC9711960 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5468858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. In this study, we aimed to construct an inflammatory response-related gene model for predicting the immune status and prognosis of breast cancer patients. METHODS We obtained the inflammatory response-related genes from the Molecular Signatures Database. Furthermore, we used univariate Cox regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression to construct an inflammatory response-related gene signature (IRGS) model based on dataset obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients were consequently categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the overall survival (OS) of high-risk and low-risk groups. Following that, we validated the model using a dataset (GSE96058) acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to determine the independent prognostic value of the IRGS in the TCGA and GSE96058 cohorts. A nomogram was constructed to predict the OS in the TCGA cohort. Further, we used Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), CIBERSORT, and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) to evaluate the associations of IRGS with immune-associated pathways and immune infiltration. Finally, the relationship between the expression of the signature genes and drug sensitivity was conducted using Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS We established an IRGS to stratify breast cancer patients into the low-risk and high-risk groups. In both the training and validation sets, patients in the high-risk group had significantly shorter OS than those in the low-risk group. The risk score was significantly correlated with the clinical characteristics and could be used as a tool to predict the prognosis of breast cancer. Moreover, we found that the IRGS risk score was an independent predictor of OS in breast cancer patients, and a nomogram model based on IRGS risk score and other clinical factors could effectively predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the IRGS risk score was correlated with immune characteristics and was inversely associated with the abundance of immune cell infiltration. Patients with a low IRGS risk score had higher expression levels of immune checkpoint genes, suggesting that IRGS can be used as a potential indicator for immunotherapy. Finally, we found that the expression levels of prognostic genes were significantly correlated with tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that the IRGS can be used to predict the prognosis and immune status of breast cancer patients and provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaoyu Xie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Songzhi Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinfeng People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
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11
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Zhou Z, Wei B, Liu Y, Liu T, Zeng S, Gan J, Qi G. Depletion of PARP10 inhibits the growth and metastatic potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1035638. [PMID: 36313419 PMCID: PMC9608182 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1035638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 10 (PARP10) has been implicated in the progression of multiple cancer types, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the function of PARP10 in OSCC and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The expression of PARP10 in OSCC was investigated in OSCC patient cohorts. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was performed to assess the association between PARP10 and prognosis in OSCC. Correlation between PARP10 expression and the related variables was analyzed by χ2 test. CKK-8, transwell assay, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and bioinformatic analysis, were applied to clarify the role of PARP10 in OSCC. Results: PARP10 was found to be markedly elevated in OSCC tissues. The upregulation of PARP10 predicted shorter overall survival and disease-specific survival and was significantly correlated with several malignant features. Moreover, depletion of PARP10 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, and promoted OSCC cell apoptosis, and resulted in alterations of relevant proteins. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the expression of PARP10 and Ki67, PARP1, MMP2, and VEGF. In addition, depletion of PARP10 impaired the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: PARP10 is involved in the progression of OSCC via regulation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Sien Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfeng Gan, ; Guangying Qi,
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Jinfeng Gan, ; Guangying Qi,
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12
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Spira A, Mehra R, Mantia C, Babiker H, Borad M, Cervantes A, Garralda E, Mahipal A, Paz-Ares L, Hatzis C, Liu A, Raue A, Gan J, Adrian F, Manenti L, El-Khoueiry A. 783TiP Phase I study of HFB301001, a novel OX40 agonist monoclonal antibody, in patients with solid tumors selected via Drug Intelligence Science (DIS). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Lin Z, Liu Y, Lin P, Li J, Gan J. Clinical significance of STING expression and methylation in lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13951. [PMID: 35978045 PMCID: PMC9385651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of stimulator of interferon genes [STING, also known as transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173)] in various human cancers has begun to emerge. However, the clinical value of STING in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the clinical significance of STING expression and methylation in LUAD. Here, through analyzing data from public resources, we found that both the mRNA and protein expression of STING were reduced in lung cancer. Moreover, lower expression of STING was associated with a worse prognosis in LUAD, but not lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Of note, higher methylation of STING was found in LUAD and had the potential to distinguish LUAD tissues from adjacent non-tumor lung tissues and correlated with unfavorable outcomes. Furthermore, the methylation of STING could serve as an independent prognostic indicator for both the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of LUAD patients. Additionally, the constructed nomogram exhibited a favorable predictive accuracy in predicting the probability of 1- and 2-year OS. Our findings suggest that the mRNA expression, and especially the DNA methylation of STING, have the potential to be prognostic indicators for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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14
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Thompson S, Gan J, Oppenheimer M. An unusual cause of urinary incontinence in a nonagenarian. BMJ 2022; 377:e067650. [PMID: 35738579 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Thompson
- Department of clinical geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - J Gan
- Department of clinical geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - M Oppenheimer
- Department of clinical geratology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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15
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Abstract
As the largest salivary gland in oral cavity, the parotid gland plays an important role in initial digesting and lubricating food. The abnormal secretory function of the parotid gland can lead to dental caries and oral mucosal inflammation. In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been used to explore the heterogeneity and diversity of cells in various organs and tissues. However, the transcription profile of the human parotid gland at single-cell resolution has not been reported yet. In this study, we constructed the cell atlas of human parotid gland using the 10× Genomics platform. Characteristic gene analysis identified the biological functions of serous acinar cell populations in secreting digestive enzymes and antibacterial proteins. We revealed the specificity and similarity of the parotid gland compared to other digestive glands through comparative analyses of other published scRNA-seq data sets. We also identified the cell-specific expression of hub genes for Sjögren syndrome in the human parotid gland by integrating the results of genome-wide association studies and bulk RNA-seq, which highlighted the importance of immune cell dysfunction in parotid Sjögren syndrome pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W. Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J. Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W. Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J. Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Wan Y, Xiao RQ, Zhao JH, Zhang Y, Gan J, Wu N, Song L, Li L, Qi C, Chen W, Wang XJ, Liu ZG. [The clinical efficacy of the stratification medical treatment based on the risk estimation of motor complications in Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:491-498. [PMID: 35184502 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210930-02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the stratification medical treatment based on the motor complications risk estimation in improving the quality of life, motor symptoms and delaying the motor complications in Parkinson's patients. Methods: Outpatients and inpatients from Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, were recruited between November 2019 and June 2020. The participants were all clinically diagnosed with PD and treated with anti-PD medications, but had no history of motor complications, with the 8-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire summary index (PDQ-8 SI)>18.59. At baseline, the demographic characteristics, PD medical history, levodopa dosage (LD) and levodopa equivalent dosage (LED) were collected, and the evaluation of PDQ-8, Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ and Ⅲ, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) grade, Hamilton anxiety scale-14 (HAMA-14), Hamilton depression scale-24 (HAMD-24), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) tools was accomplished in all participants. Meanwhile, a Parkinson's disease risk estimation scale for motor complications was used to assess patients' risk of motor complications, and thus the medication was stratified in PD patients accordingly. During the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups, the evaluation of the above-mentioned parameters was repeated in all participants. At the 3-month and 9-month follow-ups, the information of anti-PD medications, the occurrence of motor complications (motor fluctuations and dyskinesia) and adverse drug reactions were recorded, and PDQ-8 was also evaluated. Results: Two hundred and fifty-one patients completed the 1-year follow-up, with 135 males and 116 females. At baseline, the median age of the patients was 66 (60, 71) years and the median PDQ-8 SI was 31.2 (21.9, 40.6). Additionally, 15.9% (40/251) of the patients were at high risk of motor fluctuation, and 7.2% (18/251) were at high risk of dyskinesia. There were significant differences in the age of onset, disease duration, PD treatment duration, the scores of UPDRS-Ⅱ and Ⅲ, H&Y Grade, and PDQ-8 SI among PD patients of different risk groups (all P<0.05). In the 12th month, the median of PDQ-8 SI, Δ PDQ-8 SI and Δ UPDRS-Ⅲ was 12.5 (9.4, 18.8), -15.6 (-21.9, -9.4) and -9(-16, -4), respectively, which was statistically different from that of baseline (all P<0.05). The change of UPDRS-Ⅱ scores in the group with high risk of motor fluctuation was statistically different from that in the groups with low and moderate risk (P<0.05). The changes of PSQI score, LD and LED in the group with high risk of dyskinesia was statistically different from those in the groups with low and moderate risk (all P<0.05). During the follow-up, the incidence of motor fluctuation and dyskinesia was 9.56% (24/251) and 5.97% (15/251), respectively. Conclusion: The stratification medical treatment might have a positive intervention effect on promoting a better quality of life, improving motor symptoms and delaying motor complications in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - R Q Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J H Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - L Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - C Qi
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - X J Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Z G Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Gan J, Zhang H. PTPRO predicts patient prognosis and correlates with immune infiltrates in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4800-4810. [PMID: 35117843 PMCID: PMC8798001 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-19-2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor-suppressive role of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) has been described in a variety of human cancers; however, the clinical significance of PTPRO in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. METHODS PTPRO expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was analyzed via the Oncomine database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the relationship of PTPRO with overall survival in ccRCC. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to explore the signaling pathways in which PTPRO may be involved. The correlation between PTPRO and immune infiltrates in ccRCC was investigated via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. The association between PTPRO mRNA expression and its methylation in RCC was analyzed using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) dataset, GEO dataset, and cBioPortal database. The impact of PTPRO methylation on overall survival was estimated by the MethSurv database. RESULTS We showed that the expression of PTPRO was significantly lower in human RCC. Moreover, the lower expression of PTPRO was associated with worse overall survival in ccRCC, particularly in the advanced stage patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the expression of PTPRO as an independent prognostic predictor for overall survival of ccRCC. Of note, PTPRO was found to be associated with the activation of immune signaling and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, methylation of PTPRO was prevalently observed in ccRCC, and methylation of PTPRO predicted the poor outcome of ccRCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that PTPRO at both RNA and DNA methylation levels had the potential as a prognostic biomarker for predicting prognosis, and PTPRO expression was closely associated with immune infiltration in ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Gan
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Research Centre of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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18
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Liu ZG, Gan J. [Strengthening the standardized management of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:2081-2083. [PMID: 32689749 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200529-01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z G Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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19
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Khoury R, Carlan C, Gan J. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated shooting range soil using integrated approaches. Sci Total Environ 2020; 726:138440. [PMID: 32315846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serious contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs at outdoor shooting ranges due to the accumulation of clay target fragments containing coal tar or petroleum pitch. These contaminated sites are characterized with high-molecular-weight PAHs that are low in bioavailability and recalcitrant to bioremediation. We evaluated the effectiveness of different remediation strategies, used individually or in combinations, to decontaminate PAHs in a shooting range soil. The treatments included vegetation with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] or switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]), bioaugmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and addition of surfactants (Brij-35, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, or Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture). The initial total PAH concentration in the shooting range soil was 373 mg/kg and consisted of primarily high-molecular-weight PAHs (84%). Planting of bermudagrass and switchgrass resulted in 36% and 27% ∑16PAH reduction compared to the non-vegetated control, respectively. Bermudagrass enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity and both vegetation treatments also increased polyphenol oxidase activity. Bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 had a significant effect only on the dissipation of high-molecular-weight PAHs, leading to a 15% decrease (∑10PAH) compared to the control. In the non-vegetated soil, Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture increased PAH degradation compared to the no surfactant control. The increased PAH biodegradation in the vegetated and bioaugmented treatments improved lettuce [Lactuca sativa] seed germination, suggesting reduced toxicity in the treated soils. Phytoremediation using bermudagrass or switchgrass with bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was an effective in situ remediation option for shooting range soils with heavy PAH contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - R Khoury
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - C Carlan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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Gan J, Omar A, Jaeb MM. RESPIRATORY COMPLICATION AND OUTCOMES IN MEASLES OUTBREAK AMONG BATEK TRIBE OF NORTH EAST MALAYSIA 2019. Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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21
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Du L, Wang L, Gan J, Yao Z, Lin W, Li J, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhou F, Jim Yeung SC, Coppes RP, Zhang D, Zhang H. MTA3 Represses Cancer Stemness by Targeting the SOX2OT/SOX2 Axis. iScience 2019; 22:353-368. [PMID: 31810000 PMCID: PMC6909183 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell stemness (CCS) plays critical roles in both malignancy maintenance and metastasis, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are far from complete. Although the importance of SOX2 in cancer development and CCS are well recognized, the role of MTA3 in these processes is unknown. In this study, we used esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model system to demonstrate that MTA3 can repress both CCS and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, by forming a repressive complex with GATA3, MTA3 downregulates SOX2OT, subsequently suppresses the SOX2OT/SOX2 axis, and ultimately represses CCS and metastasis. More importantly, MTA3low/SOX2high is associated with poor prognosis and could serve as an independent prognostic factor. These findings altogether indicate that MTA3/SOX2OT/SOX2 axis plays an indispensable role in CCS. Therefore, this axis could be potentially used in cancer stratification and serves as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, the Netherlands
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Junkuo Li
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan 455001, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455001, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan 455001, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455001, China.
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, the Netherlands
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA; Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Research Centre of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Gan J. Soil bacterial community dynamics following surfactant addition and bioaugmentation in pyrene-contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2019; 231:93-102. [PMID: 31128356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of their toxic properties, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are designated as priority pollutants. The low solubility and strong sorption of PAHs in soil often limits bioremediation. To increase PAH bioavailability and enhance microbial degradation, surfactants are often added to contaminated soils. However, the effects of surfactants on the PAH degradation capacities of soil microbes are generally neglected. In this study, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate changes in the soil microbial community after the application of rhamnolipid biosurfactant or Brij-35 surfactant and Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 bioaugmentation over a 50-d mineralization study in two soils contaminated with pyrene at 10 mg kg-1. The introduction of pyrene in both soils resulted in an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in microbial richness and Shannon diversity index. Amendment of rhamnolipid at 1,400 μg g-1 to the native clay soil resulted in a decrease in Bacillus from 48% to 2%, which was accompanied with an increase in Mycoplana that accounted for 67% of the total genera relative abundance. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states was used to predict the activity of functional genes involved in the PAH degradation KEGG pathway and determined that M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 bioaugmentation resulted in an increased number of functional genes utilized in PAH biodegradation. Results of this study provide a better understanding of the soil microbial dynamics in response to surfactant amendments in addition to bioaugmentation of a PAH-degrading microbe. This knowledge contributes to successful and efficient surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Sprouster DJ, Sun C, Zhang Y, Chodankar SN, Gan J, Ecker LE. Irradiation-Dependent Helium Gas Bubble Superlattice in Tungsten. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2277. [PMID: 30783166 PMCID: PMC6381115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The implantation of noble gas atoms into metals at high gas concentrations can lead to the self-organization of nanobubbles into superlattices with symmetry similar to the metal host matrix. Here, we examine the influence of implantation parameters on the formation and structure of helium gas bubble superlattices within a tungsten host matrix to uncover mechanistic insight into the formation process. The determination of the size and symmetry of the gas bubbles was performed using a combination of small angle x-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The former was demonstrated to be particularly useful in determining size and structure of the gas bubble superlattice as a function of irradiation conditions. Prior to the formation of a superlattice, we observe a persistent substructure characterized by inter-bubble spacings similar to those observable when the gas bubble superlattice has formed with very large ordering parameters. As the implantation fluence increases, the inter-bubble ordering parameter decreases, indicating improved ordering, until a superlattice is formed. Multiple implantation-specific differences were observed, including a temperature-dependent superlattice parameter that increases with increasing temperature and a flux-dependent superlattice parameter that decreases with increasing flux. The trends quantified here are in excellent agreement with our recent theoretical predictions for gas bubble superlattice formation and highlight that superlattice formation is strongly dependent on the diffusion of vacancy and implanted He atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Sprouster
- Nuclear Science and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States.
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States.
| | - C Sun
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, United States
| | - Y Zhang
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, United States
| | - S N Chodankar
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States
| | - J Gan
- Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, United States
| | - L E Ecker
- Nuclear Science and Technology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, United States
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Tang W, Deng X, Ou Z, Gan J, Dong Q, Tan B, Lu L, Chen B, Bao C, Li S, Thomas B, Yu JC. Abstract P6-17-39: BAT8001, a potent anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with a novel stable linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-17-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Overexpression of HER2 occurs in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is associated with shortened survival. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an anti-HER2 ADC, has shown efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients and was approved by the FDA and EMA for advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. However T-DM1 causes grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in up to 14.5% of patients as its major toxicity. The thrombocytopenia is likely caused by one of T-DM1's catabolites and payload, DM1, indicating T-DM1's linker can be cleaved. Here we adopted a novel noncleavable linker and created an anti-HER2 ADC, BAT8001, which is expected be efficacious in HER2-positive breast cancer and have a better side effect profile relative to T-DM1 due to the stability of BAT8001's noncleavable linker. BAT8001 is internalized in HER2-positive cancer cells. It inhibits proliferation of HER2-positive tumor cells with IC50s of ˜0.1 nM, similar to the potency of T-DM1. BAT8001 also induces apoptosis in HER2-positive cancer cells. In both cell-line and patient-derived mouse xenograft (PDX) models, BAT8001 demonstrates strong inhibition activity on tumor growth. For example, in a cell-line model of breast cancer (BT474), BAT8001 demonstrates potent activity with complete responses in all animals tested at the 15mg/kg dose level. Pharmacokinetics studies in monkey reveals BAT8001 has similar Cmax, AUC, and t1/2 as T-DM1. The major catabolite of BAT8001 is the Cys-linker-payload containing product. No free payload is observed. This compares favorably with T-DM1 where free DM1, T-DM1's payload, is one of the major catabolites. In a multiple dose toxicity study, BAT8001 had a NOAEL of 15 mg/kg versus 10 mg/kg for T-DM1. BAT8001 exhibits similar potency to T-DM1 on inhibiting HER2-positive cell proliferation and tumor growth, yet demonstrates better multiple dose toxicity than T-DM1. The improved toxicity profile of BAT8001 suggests that the novel noncleavable linker utilized in BAT8001 is more stable than the linker utilized in T-DM1. BAT8001 is very efficacious in cell-line xenograft models of breast cancer. The preclinical profile of BAT8001 warrants further development for the treatment of breast cancer and other HER2-positive cancers.
Citation Format: Tang W, Deng X, Ou Z, Gan J, Dong Q, Tan B, Lu L, Chen B, Bao C, Li S, Thomas B, Yu J-C. BAT8001, a potent anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with a novel stable linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-17-39.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tang
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Deng
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Ou
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Gan
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Dong
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Tan
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Lu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Chen
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Bao
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Li
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Thomas
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-C Yu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wolf DC, Gan J. Influence of rhamnolipid biosurfactant and Brij-35 synthetic surfactant on 14C-Pyrene mineralization in soil. Environ Pollut 2018; 243:1846-1853. [PMID: 30408872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in soil and are considered priority pollutants due to their carcinogenicity. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils is often limited by the low solubility and strong sorption of PAHs in soil. Synthetic surfactants and biosurfactants have been used to enhance the bioavailability of PAHs and to accelerate microbial degradation. However, few studies have compared synthetic and biosurfactants in their efficiency in promoting PAH biodegradation in either native or bioaugmented soils. In this study, we evaluated mineralization of 14C-pyrene in soils with or without the augmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and characterized the effect of Brij-35 (synthetic) and rhamnolipid biosurfactant at different amendment rates. Treatment of rhamnolipid biosurfactant at 140 or 1400 μg surfactant g-dry soil-1 rates resulted in a significantly longer lag period in 14C-pyrene mineralization in both native and bioaugmented soils. In contrast, amendment of Brij-35 generally increased 14C-pyrene degradation, and the greatest enhancement occurred at 21.6 or 216 μg surfactant g-dry soil-1 rates, which may be attributed to increased bioavailability. Brij-35 and rhamnolipid biosurfactant were found to be non-toxic to M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 at 10X CMC, thus indicating rhamnolipid biosurfactant likely served as a preferential carbon source to the degrading bacteria in place of 14C-pyrene, leading to delayed and inhibited 14C-pyrene degradation. Mineralization of 14C-pyrene by M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was rapid in the unamended soils, and up to 60% of pyrene was mineralized to 14CO2 after 10 d in the unamended or Brij-35 surfactant-amended soils. Findings of this study suggest that application of surfactants may not always lead to enhanced PAH biodegradation or removal. If the surfactant is preferentially used as an easier carbon substrate than PAHs for soil microorganisms, it may actually inhibit PAH biodegradation. Selection of surfactant types is therefore crucial for the effectiveness of surfactant-aided bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Gan J, Liu S, Zhou L, Wang Y, Guo J, Huang C. Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation Pretreatment on the Long-Term Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesive to Dentin. Oper Dent 2018; 42:62-72. [PMID: 27689772 DOI: 10.2341/15-268-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation pretreatment on the long-term bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. METHODS Fifty molars were sectioned parallel to the occlusal plane and randomly divided into two groups (n=25 per group): control group (no treatment) and laser group (dentin surfaces were treated with Nd:YAG laser at a setting of 100 mJ/10 Hz). Afterward, resin was bonded to the dentin surface using a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper SingleBond 2), and then 150 beams of each group were produced. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=50 each group): 24 hours of water storage, thermocycling, and NaOCl storage. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS), failure modes, nanoleakage expression, and Masson's trichrome staining were evaluated. An additional 20 molars were sectioned to obtain 2-mm-thick flat dentin slices. These slices were randomly divided into control and laser-treated groups as mentioned previously. Then slices of each group were examined by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Knoop hardness test. RESULTS The results of ATR-FTIR and Masson's trichrome verified that laser irradiation partly removed collagen fibers from the dentin surface; however, no significant difference was found in the Knoop hardness (p>0.05). The XRD result showed similar crystalline structure regardless of laser pretreatment. There is no significant difference in short-term MTBS between control and laser-treated groups (p>0.05); however, long-term MTBS differed between the groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, the laser-treated group showed less silver deposition than the control group after aging (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pretreatment by Nd:YAG laser irradiation appeared to have a positive effect on the adhesive-dentin bonding in vitro test, and the bonding effectiveness could be preserved after aging.
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Zhao Q, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Lin W, Li C, Guan X, Tan T, Yang C, Cheng H, Gan J, Feng Z, Peng M, Yang Z, Xu S. Stable actively Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser at 1.5 μm based on self-injecting polarization modulation. Opt Express 2018; 26:17000-17008. [PMID: 30119516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for the realization of a stable Q-switched operation in a single-frequency fiber laser based on self-injecting polarization modulation is demonstrated, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. A piezoelectric fiber stretcher was utilized to introduce periodic stress-induced polarization changes. Then the modulation of polarization state transformed into Q switching by virtue of a designed distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) resonant cavity with polarizations loss anisotropy. Finally, a stable actively Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser at 1.5 μm with Gaussian-shape pulse output was achieved. We experimentally found that, the repetition frequency (several hundred kHz) coincided with the working frequency of the polarization modulation, and the pulse width (several hundred ns) reduced with the increasing of the modulating frequency, the modulating amplitude, as well as the pump power. This stable Q-switched single-frequency fiber laser is promising for applications in optical time-domain reflectometry, coherent Doppler wind radar, and optical coherent detection. More importantly, this novel Q-switched technology may be applicable to other DBR single-frequency fiber lasers.
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Vale C, Gan J, McKenzie S, Wong Y, Rheault H, Laher S, Dashwood A. Early Real-World Experience of Tolerability and Titration Rates of Angiotensin-Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rheault H, Gan J, McKenzie S, Wong Y. Combining Forces: Nurse Practitioner and Clinical Pharmacist Led Heart Failure Clinic and its Impact on Titration Rates and Hospital Readmission. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gardner SD, Kim J, Baptiste-Brown S, Lopez V, Hamatake R, Gan J, Edwards S, Elko-Simms L, Dumont EF, Leivers M, Hong Z, Paff MT. GSK2878175, a pan-genotypic non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor, in healthy and treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C subjects. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:19-27. [PMID: 28692182 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
GSK2878175 is a potent, pan-genotypic, non-nucleoside, nonstructural protein 5B palm polymerase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose escalation study, evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of GSK2878175 administered as single and repeat oral doses (once daily for 14 days) to healthy volunteers. A separate proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled, repeat dose (once daily for 2 days) study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of GSK2878175 monotherapy in treatment-naïve, noncirrhotic, subjects with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 [1a and 1b], 2, or 3. No deaths or SAEs were reported in either study, and treatment was well-tolerated. Across all the HCV genotypes, GSK2878175 monotherapy at doses of 10, 30 or 60 mg once daily for 2 days produced a statistically significant multilog reduction (P<.001) in plasma HCV RNA log10 IU/mL from Baseline to 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first dose of GSK2878175 compared to placebo. The reduction in HCV RNA was sustained for a prolonged period across all of the active treatment groups, consistent with the long apparent half-life of GSK2878175 that was observed (mean t1/2 range: 60-63 hours in the CHC subjects). In summary, GSK2878175, when administered to healthy subjects and subjects with CHC, did not reveal any safety concerns that would limit or preclude further clinical development. GSK2878175 monotherapy across a wide dose range produced substantial reduction in HCV RNA, irrespective of HCV genotype. The results from these studies support further evaluation of GSK2878175-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gardner
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Kim
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Baptiste-Brown
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - V Lopez
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R Hamatake
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Gan
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Edwards
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L Elko-Simms
- Pharmaceutical Product Development, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - E F Dumont
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - M Leivers
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M T Paff
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Jensen IJT, Gorantla S, Løvvik OM, Gan J, Nguyen PD, Monakhov E, Svensson BG, Gunnæs AE, Diplas S. Interface phenomena in magnetron sputtered Cu 2O/ZnO heterostructures. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:435002. [PMID: 28829336 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interface between ZnO and Cu2O has been predicted to be a good candidate for use in thin film solar cells. However, the high predicted conversion efficiency has yet to be fully realized experimentally. To explore the underlying causes of this we investigate the interface between ZnO and Cu2O in magnetron sputtered samples. Two different sample geometries were made: In the first set thin layers of ZnO were deposited on Cu2O (type A), while in the second set the order was reversed (type B). Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an intermediate CuO layer was identified regardless of the order in which the Cu2O and ZnO layers were deposited. The presence of a CuO layer was supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. Changes in the electron hole screening conditions were observed in CuO near the interface with ZnO, manifested as changes in the relative peak-to-satellite ratio and the degree of asymmetric broadness in the Cu 2p peak. The suppression of the Cu 2p satellite characteristic of CuO may cause the CuO presence to be overlooked and cause errors in determinations of valence band offsets (VBOs). For the type A samples, we compare four different approaches to XPS-based determination of VBO and find that the most reliable results are obtained when the thin CuO layer and the altered screening conditions at the interface were taken into account. The VBOs were found to range between 2.5 eV and 2.8 eV. For the B type samples a reduction of the Cu 2p-LMM Auger parameter was found as compared to bulk Cu2O, indicative of quantum confinement in the Cu2O overlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J T Jensen
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, P/O box 124 Blindern, 0314 Oslo, Norway
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Pei DD, Liu SY, Yang HY, Gan J, Huang C. [Effect of a nano hydroxyapatite desensitizing paste application on dentin bond strength of three self-etch adhesive systems]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 52:278-282. [PMID: 28482442 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate a nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) desensitizing paste application on the bond strength of three self-etch adhesives. Methods: Three dentin specimens of about 1 mm thick were cut from two teeth. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the dentin surfaces without treatment, after citric acid treatment and after nano-HA treatment. Thirty-six intact third molars extracted for surgical reasons were cut to remove the occlusal enamel with isomet, and then were etched with 1% citric acid for 20 s to simulate the sensitive dentin and divided into two groups randomly using a table of random numbers (n=18): the control group (no treatment) and the HA treated group (with nano-HA paste treatment). Each group was divided into three subgroups randomly using a table of random numbers (n=6). Subgroup A, B and C was bonded with G-Bond, Clearfil S(3) Bond and FL-Bond Ⅱ according to the manufacture's instruction separately. At 24 h after bonding procedure, and after water storage for 6 months, microtensile bond strength of the specimens was tested and the failure mode was analyzed. Results: SEM obeservation showed that citric acid could open the dentin tubules to set up the sensitive dentin model, and the nano-HA could occlude the dentin tubules effectively. For subgroup A, bonding strength of specimens treated with nano-HA ([41.14±8.91] MPa) was significantly high than that of the control group ([34.27±6.16] MPa) at 24 h after bonding procedure (P<0.05). However, after 6 month water ageing, the bonding strength of the control group and the HA treated group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). For subgroup B, specimens with nano-HA application showed lower bonding strength ([30.87±6.41] MPa) than that of the control group ([36.73±5.82] MPa) at 24 h after bonding procedure (P<0.05), and after 6 month water ageing, the bond strength of nano-HA application ([25.73±6.99] MPa) was also lower than that of the control group ([32.33±5.08] MPa) (P<0.05). For subgroup C, the bond strength of the control group and the HA treated group have no significant difference either before or after 6 month water ageing (P>0.05). Failure mode analysis showed that more than half of the samples in all groups were adhesive failure. Conclusions: Nano-HA treatment decreased the bond strength of subgroup B, while had no adverse effect on subgroup A and subgroup C.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - S Y Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - H Y Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - J Gan
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - C Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Luo R, Wang J, Zhong H, Gan J, Hu P, Shen L, Hu W, Zhang Z. OC-0160: Radiomics Features Harmonization for CT and CBCT in Rectal Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Allen
- University of Wisconsin 1500 Engineering Drive Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. Gan
- Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois
| | - J. I. Cole
- Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Illinois
| | - S. Ukai
- Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - S. Thevuthasan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington
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He H, Gan J, Qi H. Assessing extensive cardiac echography examination for detecting foetal congenital heart defects during early and late gestation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Cardiol 2017; 71:699-708. [PMID: 27920458 DOI: 10.2143/ac.71.6.3178189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dong H, Xu J, Li W, Gan J, Lin W, Ke J, Jiang J, Du L, Chen Y, Zhong X, Zhang D, Yeung SCJ, Li X, Zhang H. Reciprocal androgen receptor/interleukin-6 crosstalk drives oesophageal carcinoma progression and contributes to patient prognosis. J Pathol 2017; 241:448-462. [PMID: 27801498 DOI: 10.1002/path.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a leading lethal malignancy of the digestive tract, is characterized by marked gender disparity. Clarifying the roles of the function and regulatory pathway of the androgen receptor (AR) will improve our understanding of oesophageal cancer progression, thereby facilitating the personalized management of ESCC. Here we report evidence to show that AR is a key mediator of inflammatory signals in ESCC cancer progression. High AR expression was associated with poor overall survival in tobacco-using ESCC patients but not in ESCC patients not using tobacco. A gain and loss of AR function enhanced and repressed ESCC cell growth, respectively, by altering cell cycle progression. In mice bearing human ESCC xenografts, silencing AR expression attenuated tumour growth, whereas AR overexpression promoted tumour growth in mice of different androgen statuses (male, female, and castrated male). Array assays revealed that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) is a prominent AR target gene in ESCC. By directly binding to the IL6 promoter, AR enhances IL6 transcription, and IL6 can in turn activate AR expression, thus forming a reciprocal regulatory circuit to sustain STAT3 oncogenic signalling in ESCC. Moreover, high expression levels of both AR and IL6 in human ESCC predict poor clinical outcome in tobacco users. Together, these data establish that AR promotes ESCC growth and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The discovery of a positive feedback loop between IL6 and AR bridges the knowledge gaps among lifestyle factor-associated inflammation, gender disparity, and oesophageal carcinoma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cohort Studies
- Disease Progression
- Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Nicotiana/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jierong Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liang Du
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
| | - Xueyun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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Wu H, Wei JJ, Ma BT, Chai WZ, Ma WB, Li YN, Liu XH, Han B, Zhu HD, Gan J, Liu JJ, Wang RZ. [Perioperative management and surgical treatment of neurosurgical critical patients with thrombocytopenia]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 96:1652-5. [PMID: 27290703 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.21.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the perioperative management and surgical treatment of patients with neurosurgical critical diseases and thrombocytopenia. METHODS Eleven patients with the diagnosis of neurosurgical critical diseases and thrombocytopenia who received surgical treatment in Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2010 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. All eleven patients received platelet transfusions preoperatively. The safety and efficacy of surgical treatment were analyzed by GOS score at 6 months after operations. RESULTS Platelet counts of six patients who received minimally invasive surgery reached 80×10(9) /L by platelet transfusions preoperatively. Platelet counts of five patients who received Craniotomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt reached 100×10(9) /L by platelet transfusions preoperatively. Eight patients received platelet transfusions postoperatively according to a low platelet count 24 hours after operations. Two patients died after surgery and one died after discharge. All other eight survival patients got well recovery with an average GOS score of 4.5 at six months after operations. CONCLUSIONS Patients with neurosurgical critical diseases and thrombocytopenia could receive surgical treatment in collaboration with relative departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Dong H, Ma L, Gan J, Lin W, Chen C, Yao Z, Du L, Zheng L, Ke C, Huang X, Song H, Kumar R, Yeung SC, Zhang H. PTPRO represses ERBB2-driven breast oncogenesis by dephosphorylation and endosomal internalization of ERBB2. Oncogene 2017; 36:410-422. [PMID: 27345410 PMCID: PMC5269534 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatase PTPRO is frequently transcriptionally repressed in cancers and signifies poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. In this study, deletion of Ptpro in MMTV-Erbb2 transgenic mice dramatically shortened the mammary tumor latency and accelerated tumor growth due to loss of Ptpro within the breast cancer cells but not in surrounding tissue as confirmed by hetero-transplantation studies. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the phosphatase activity was required for the inactivation of ERBB2 and its downstream signaling. PTPRO regulated the phosphorylation status of ERBB2 at Y1248. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay (Duolink) indicated that PTPRO directly physically interacted with ERBB2. Moreover, PTPRO phosphatase activity shortened the half-life of ERBB2 by increasing endocytotic degradation. PTPRO reexpression by demethylation treatment using 5-azacytidine reduced the proliferation and colony formation potential in ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells. Taken together, PTPRO inhibited ERBB2-driven breast cancer through dephosphorylation leading to dual effects of ERBB2 signaling suppression and endosomal internalization of ERBB2, Therefore, reexpression of PTPRO may be a potential therapy for ERBB2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - W Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - C Chen
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Z Yao
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Du
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - L Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - C Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - X Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou, China
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - S C Yeung
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail:
| | - H Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road No. 22, Shantou 515041, ChinaE-mail:
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40
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Gan J, Ke X, Jiang J, Dong H, Yao Z, Lin Y, Lin W, Wu X, Yan S, Zhuang Y, Chu WK, Cai R, Zhang X, Cheung HS, Block NL, Pang CP, Schally AV, Zhang H. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor antagonists inhibit human gastric cancer through downregulation of PAK1-STAT3/NF-κB signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14745-14750. [PMID: 27930339 PMCID: PMC5187693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618582114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the fourth most frequent in incidence and second in mortality among all cancers worldwide. The development of effective treatment approaches is an urgent requirement. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) have been found to be present in a variety of tumoral tissues and cell lines. Therefore the inhibition of GHRH-R was proposed as a promising approach for the treatment of these cancers. However, little is known about GHRH-R and the relevant therapy in human GC. By survival analyses of multiple cohorts of GC patients, we identified that increased GHRH-R in tumor specimens correlates with poor survival and is an independent predictor of patient prognosis. We next showed that MIA-602, a highly potent GHRH-R antagonist, effectively inhibited GC growth in cultured cells. Further, this inhibitory effect was verified in multiple models of human GC cell lines xenografted into nude mice. Mechanistically, GHRH-R antagonists target GHRH-R and down-regulate the p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway. Overall, our studies establish GHRH-R as a potential molecular target in human GC and suggest treatment with GHRH-R antagonist as a promising therapeutic intervention for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Gan
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shumei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yixuan Zhuang
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Xianyang Zhang
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Herman S Cheung
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146
| | - Norman L Block
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125;
- South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education, Miami, FL 33125
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Gan J, Yi J, Zhong M, Cao X, Jin X, Liu W, Zhu X. Abnormal white matter structural connectivity in treatment-naïve young adults with borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:494-503. [PMID: 27611589 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is not well understood. We examined the microstructure of white matter in patients with BPD. METHOD Treatment-naïve young adult with BPD (N = 30) and young-adult healthy controls (HCs; N = 31) were subjected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Microstructural parameters were analyzed via tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and post hoc tractography. RESULTS TBSS analysis revealed that, relative to the HC group, the BPD group had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the genu and body of the corpus callosum (CC), right superior corona radiate, right anterior corona radiate, as well as higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the left anterior thalamic radiation. Tractography showed that FA values of fiber bundles passing through the fornix were significantly reduced in BPD group relative to HCs. No significant correlations were observed between clinical symptom and DTI indices in BPD group (FDR corrected). CONCLUSION Focal microstructural alterations were found in BPD group, mainly in the limbic system and CC. The present findings support the fronto-limbic disconnectivity hypothesis and suggest that abnormal maturation of white matter structures may play an important role in mechanism of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - J Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - M Zhong
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Cao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Jin
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - X Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Luo R, Wang J, Zhong H, Gan J, Zhou Z, Hu P, Shen L, Xia F, Zhou M, Hu W, Zhang Z. A Feasibility Study of Using Computed Tomography (CT) and Cone Beam CT Simultaneously for Radiomics Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Rosenblatt E, Fidarova E, Zubizarreta E, Barton M, MacKillop W, Jones G, Cordero L, Yarney J, Lim G, Gan J, Cernea V, Stojanovic-Rundic S, Strojan P, Kochbati L, Quarneti A. Radiation Therapy Utilization in Middle-Income Countries. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Gan J, Wang J, Zhong H, Luo R, Zhou Z, Hu P, Shen L, Xia F, Zhou M, Zhang Z. A Consistent Test of Multisoftware in Radiomics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Pitton BJL, Dodge LL, Gan J, Greco SE, Haver DL, Lee E, Majcherek TJ, Oki LR. Comparison of pollutant concentrations from weekly discrete versus composite samples for residential dry-weather runoff. J Environ Manage 2016; 180:10-16. [PMID: 27192386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As urbanization has increased, so has degradation of urban streams. Urban water quality monitoring has focused on storm runoff sampling, but in arid climates, dry-weather runoff is a significant contributor of pollutants to aquatic systems. The majority of dry-weather runoff studies sample a small window of the entire dry-season. For this study constituent concentrations were compared using two sampling protocols. The first protocol repeatedly collected samples on the same day of the week at the same time of day. The second protocol collected samples during two week-long intensive sampling events consisting of sample collection every hour for 24 h for seven consecutive days. The two protocols were compared to determine if sampling at the same time of the week was representative of the entire week. For nitrate, total phosphorous, fipronil, permethrin, total organic carbon, and total suspended solids, sampling at the same time was not representative of the weekly mean; however, variability was observed between sites and constituents. For those constituent concentrations with significant differences seen between the two protocols, load adjustment factors (LAF) were determined, using a ratio of treatment means, and employed to adjust dry-season load estimates. Future work should include determining if LAF values can be used at similar sites excluded from the study or for similar constituents from the current sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J L Pitton
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - L L Dodge
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - S E Greco
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - D L Haver
- University of California Cooperative Extension-Orange County, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - E Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - T J Majcherek
- University of California Cooperative Extension-Orange County, Irvine, CA 92618, United States
| | - L R Oki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Luo R, Wang J, Zhong H, Gan J, Hu P, Shen L, Hu W, Zhang Z. SU-F-R-33: Can CT and CBCT Be Used Simultaneously for Radiomics Analysis. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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47
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48
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Deng DL, Yang HY, Guo JM, Huang C, Gan J, Song FF. [Effects of exogenous enzymes on the degradation of adhesive-dentin interfaces]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 51:230-234. [PMID: 27117216 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of exogenous enzymes on the degradation of adhesive-dentin interface. METHODS Forty molars were sectioned to expose the middle-coronal dentin surface and randomly divided into two adhesive systems: an etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 and a self-etching adhesive G-Bond. After composite building up, the specimens were then randomly assigned to four groups(n=5 for each group)as follows: group 1, 24 h of water storage(the control group); group 2, six months of water storage; group 3, twelve weeks storage in artificial saliva containing clostridium histolyticum collagenase; group 4, twelve weeks storage in artificial saliva containing cholesterolesterase. The microtensile bond strengths(MTBS)were then tested. The failure modes and nanoleakage were analyzed. RESULTS After aging treatments, the three aging groups showed significantly lower MTBS compared with the control group in both adhesive systems(P<0.05). For etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond 2, the MTBS of group 3([19.6±3.5]MPa)was lower than that of group 2([23.4±4.2]MPa)and group 4([24.2±4.2]MPa)(P<0.05). For self-etching adhesive G-Bond, there was no difference on MTBS among different aging groups(P>0.05). SEM observation showed that, compared with the control group, water storage(group 2)and the exogenous enzymes(group 3 and 4)increased the nanoleakage expression(silver deposition)of both adhesive systems. Adhesive failure was the predominant fracture modes in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Storage in artificial saliva containing clostridium histolyticum collagenase or cholesterol esterase could be used to accelerate the degradation process of adhesive-dentine interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Deng
- Central Clinic, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - H Y Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - J M Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - C Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - J Gan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - F F Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Zhou L, Gan J, Yoshitsugu H, Gu X, Lutz JD, Masson E, Humphreys WG. Integration of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling into Early Clinical Development: An Investigation of the Pharmacokinetic Nonlinearity. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26225254 PMCID: PMC4452934 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BMS-911543, a promising anticancer agent, exhibited time-dependent and dose-dependent nonlinear pharmacokinetics (PKs) in its first-in-human (FIH) study. Initial physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling efforts using CYP1A2-mediated clearance kinetics were unsuccessful; however, further model analysis revealed that CYP1A2 time-dependent inhibition (TDI) and perhaps other factors could be keys to the nonlinearity. Subsequent experiments in human liver microsomes showed that the compound was a time-dependent inhibitor of CYP1A2 and were used to determine the enzyme inactivation parameter values. In addition, a rat tissue distribution study was conducted and human plasma samples were profiled to support the refinement of the PBPK model. It was concluded that the interplay between four BMS-911543 properties, namely, low solubility, saturation of the metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2, CYP1A2 TDI, and CYP1A2 induction likely resulted in the time-dependent and dose-dependent nonlinear PKs. The methodology of PBPK model-guided unmasking of compound properties can serve as a general practice for mechanistic understanding of a new compound's disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - J Gan
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - H Yoshitsugu
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA ; Clinical Pharmacology & PPDM, Japan Development, MSD K.K. Tokyo, Japan
| | - X Gu
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - J D Lutz
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - E Masson
- Exploratory Clinical and Translational Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA ; Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W G Humphreys
- Department of Biotransformation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Gan J, Zhang Y, Ke X, Tan C, Ren H, Dong H, Jiang J, Chen S, Zhuang Y, Zhang H. Dysregulation of PAK1 Is Associated with DNA Damage and Is of Prognostic Importance in Primary Esophageal Small Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12035-50. [PMID: 26023713 PMCID: PMC4490427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary esophageal small cell carcinoma (PESCC) is a rare, but fatal subtype of esophageal carcinoma. No effective therapeutic regimen for it. P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is known to function as an integrator and an indispensable node of major growth factor signaling and the molecular therapy targeting PAK1 has been clinical in pipeline. We thus set to examine the expression and clinical impact of PAK1 in PESCC. The expression of PAK1 was detected in a semi-quantitative manner by performing immunohistochemistry. PAK1 was overexpressed in 22 of 34 PESCC tumors, but in only 2 of 18 adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Overexpression of PAK1 was significantly associated with tumor location (p = 0.011), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.026) and patient survival (p = 0.032). We also investigated the association of PAK1 with DNA damage, a driven cause for malignancy progression. γH2AX, a DNA damage marker, was detectable in 18 of 24 (75.0%) cases, and PAK1 expression was associated with γH2AX (p = 0.027). Together, PAK1 is important in metastasis and progression of PESCC. The contribution of PAK1 to clinical outcomes may be involved in its regulating DNA damage pathway. Further studies are worth determining the potentials of PAK1 as prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for PESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Gan
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Information, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China.
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China.
| | - Chong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Hongzheng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Kaifeng, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China.
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China.
| | - Yixuan Zhuang
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515063, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China.
- Tumor Tissue Bank, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China.
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