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Singh D, Khan MA, Mishra D, Goel A, Ansari MA, Akhtar K, Siddique HR. Apigenin enhances sorafenib anti-tumour efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 43:101920. [PMID: 38394865 PMCID: PMC10899070 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "one drug-one target" paradigm has various limitations affecting drug efficacy, such as resistance profiles and adverse effects. Combinational therapies help reduce unexpected off-target effects and accelerate therapeutic efficacy. Sorafenib- an FDA-approved drug for liver cancer, has multiple limitations. Therefore, it is recommended to identify an agent that increases its effectiveness and reduces toxicity. In this regard, Apigenin, a plant flavone, would be an excellent option to explore. METHODS We used in silico, in vitro, and animal models to explore our hypothesis. For the in vitro study, HepG2 and Huh7 cells were exposed to Apigenin (12-96 μM) and Sorafenib (1-10 μM). For the in vivo study, Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (25 mg/kg) induced tumor-bearing animals were given Apigenin (50 mg/kg) or Sorafenib (10 mg/kg) alone and combined. Apigenin's bioavailability was checked by UPLC. Tumor nodules were studied macroscopically and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biochemical analysis, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR were done. RESULTS The results revealed Apigenin's good bioavailability. In silico study showed binding affinity of both chemicals with p53, NANOG, ß-Catenin, c-MYC, and TLR4. We consistently observed a better therapeutic efficacy in combination than alone treatment. Combination treatment showed i) better cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest of tumor cells, ii) tumor growth reduction, iii) increased expression of p53 and decreased Cd10, Nanog, ß-Catenin, c-Myc, Afp, and Tlr4. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Apigenin could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Sorafenib against liver cancer and may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating HCC. However, further research is imperative to gain more in-depth mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Afsar Khan
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Dhruv Mishra
- Department of Zoology, DAV College (PG), Maa Shakumbhari University, Muzaffarnagar-251001, India
| | - Aditya Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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2
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Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Idelfonso-García OG, Guerrero-Escalera D, Piña-Vázquez C, de Anda-Jáuregui G, Pérez-Hernández JL, de la Garza M, García-Sierra F, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Muriel P, Pérez-Carreón JI, Villa-Treviño S, Arellanes-Robledo J. A model of alcoholic liver disease based on different hepatotoxics leading to liver cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116209. [PMID: 38621424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The worst-case scenario related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) arises after a long period of exposure to the harmful effect of alcohol consumption along with other hepatotoxics. ALD encompasses a broad spectrum of liver-associated disorders, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on the chronic administration of different hepatotoxics, including ethanol, sucrose, lipopolysaccharide, and low doses of diethylnitrosamine over a short period, here we aimed to develop a multiple hepatotoxic (MHT)-ALD model in the mouse that recapitulates the human ALD-associated disorders. We demonstrated that the MHT-ALD model induces ADH1A and NXN, an ethanol metabolizer and a redox-sensor enzyme, respectively; promotes steatosis associated with the induction of the lipid droplet forming FSP27, inflammation identified by the infiltration of hepatic neutrophils-positive to LY-6G marker, and the increase of MYD88 level, a protein involved in inflammatory response; and stimulates the early appearance of cellular senescence identified by the senescence markers SA-β-gal activity and p-H2A.XSer139. It also induces fibrosis associated with increased desmin, a marker of hepatic stellate cells whose activation leads to the deposition of collagen fibers, accompanied by cell death and compensatory proliferation revealed by increased CASP3-mediated apoptosis, and KI67- and PCNA-proliferation markers, respectively. It also induces histopathological traits of malignancy and the level of the HCC marker, GSTP1. In conclusion, we provide a useful model for exploring the chronological ALD-associated alterations and stages, and addressing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Dafne Guerrero-Escalera
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Piña-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico; Deputy Directorate of Humanistic and Scientific Research, National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies - CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco García-Sierra
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - INCan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Deputy Directorate of Humanistic and Scientific Research, National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies - CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 'Benito Juárez' Autonomous University of Oaxaca - UABJO, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Deputy Directorate of Humanistic and Scientific Research, National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies - CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratory of Fibrosis and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 'Benito Juárez' Autonomous University of Oaxaca - UABJO, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, Mexico City, Mexico; Deputy Directorate of Humanistic and Scientific Research, National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies - CONAHCYT, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Ren L, Li J, Lin W, Lou L, Wang M, Li C, Jiang Y. Proteomic analysis of DEN and CCl 4-induced hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8013. [PMID: 38580754 PMCID: PMC10997670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously threatens human health, mostly developed from liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Since diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HCC mouse model almost recapitulates the characteristic of HCC with fibrosis and inflammation, it is taken as an essential tool to investigate the pathogenesis of HCC. However, a comprehensive understanding of the protein expression profile of this model is little. In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of this model to elucidate its proteomic characteristics. Compared with normal liver tissues, 432 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in tumor tissues, among which 365 were up-regulated and 67 were down-regulated. Through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis and Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis of DEPs, we identified two distinguishing features of DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model in protein expression, the upregulation of actin cytoskeleton and branched-chain amino acids metabolic reprogramming. In addition, matching DEPs from the mouse model to homologous proteins in the human HCC cohort revealed that the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model was relatively similar to the subtype of HCC with poor prognosis. Finally, combining clinical information from the HCC cohort, we screened seven proteins with prognostic significance, SMAD2, PTPN1, PCNA, MTHFD1L, MBOAT7, FABP5, and AGRN. Overall, we provided proteomic data of the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model and highlighted the important proteins and pathways in it, contributing to the rational application of this model in HCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liangliang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Junqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lijuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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4
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Hargett S, Lahiri S, Kowalski GM, Corley S, Nelson ME, Lackner C, Olzomer EM, Aleksovska I, Hearn BA, Shrestha R, Janitz M, Gorrell MD, Bruce CR, Wilkins M, Hoehn KL, Byrne FL. Bile acids mediate fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167029. [PMID: 38325224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
High fructose diets are associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Previous studies in mice suggest increased lipogenesis is a key mechanism linking high fructose diets to liver tumour growth. However, these studies administered fructose to mice at supraphysiological levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether liver tumour growth and lipogenesis were altered in mice fed fructose at physiological levels. To test this, we injected male C57BL/6 mice with the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine and then fed them diets without fructose or fructose ranging from 10 to 20 % total calories. Results showed mice fed diets with ≥15 % fructose had significantly increased liver tumour numbers (2-4-fold) and total tumour burden (∼7-fold) vs mice fed no-fructose diets. However, fructose-associated tumour burden was not associated with lipogenesis. Conversely, unbiased metabolomic analyses revealed bile acids were elevated in the sera of mice fed a 15 % fructose diet vs mice fed a no-fructose diet. Using a syngeneic ectopic liver tumour model, we show that ursodeoxycholic acid, which decreases systemic bile acids, significantly reduced liver tumour growth in mice fed the 15 % fructose diet but not mice fed a no-fructose diet. These results point to a novel role for systemic bile acids in mediating liver tumour growth associated with a high fructose diet. Overall, our study shows fructose intake at or above normal human consumption (≥15 %) is associated with increased liver tumour numbers and growth and that modulating systemic bile acids inhibits fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Sujoy Lahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brandon A Hearn
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Riya Shrestha
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Marc Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA; School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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5
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Mou JY, Ma ZW, Zhang MY, Yuan Q, Wang ZY, Liu QH, Li F, Liu Z, Wang L. Structural abnormality of hepatic glycogen in rat liver with diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenic injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129432. [PMID: 38228208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence confirms associations between glycogen metabolic re-wiring and the development of liver cancer. Previous studies showed that glycogen structure changes abnormally in liver diseases such as cystic fibrosis, diabetes, etc. However, few studies focus on glycogen molecular structural characteristics during liver cancer development, which is worthy of further exploration. In this study, a rat model with carcinogenic liver injury induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was successfully constructed, and hepatic glycogen structure was characterized. Compared with glycogen structure in the healthy rat liver, glycogen chain length distribution (CLD) shifts towards a short region. In contrast, glycogen particles were mainly present in small-sized β particles in DEN-damaged carcinogenic rat liver. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed significant expression changes of genes and pathways involved in carcinogenic liver injury. A combination of transcriptomic analysis, RT-qPCR, and western blot showed that the two genes, Gsy1 encoding glycogen synthase and Gbe1 encoding glycogen branching enzyme, were significantly altered and might be responsible for the structural abnormality of hepatic glycogen in carcinogenic liver injury. Taken together, this study confirmed that carcinogenic liver injury led to structural abnormality of hepatic glycogen, which provided clues to the future development of novel drug targets for potential therapeutics of carcinogenic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Mou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of 1(st) Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhang-Wen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Fen Li
- Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of 1(st) Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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6
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Lin R, Xie S, Xu F, Chen Z, Liu J, Liu X. Improvement of rat hepatocellular carcinoma model induced by diethylnitrosamine. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102261. [PMID: 37951061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a new diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model with short induction time, high incidence, and survival rate. METHODS 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the model A (MA) group, the model B (MB) group, and the model C (MC) group. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% saline for 6 weeks. The MA group was injected with the DEN solution at 30 mg/kg three times a week for 6 weeks. The MB group was injected with the DEN solution at 30 mg/kg three times a week for 6 weeks, and discontinued the induction for 2 weeks. The MC group was injected with the DEN solution at 30 mg/kg three times a week for 8 weeks. The levels of albumin (ALB), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were assayed. Meanwhile, the pathological conditions, apoptosis of hepatocytes, expression of NF-κBp65, and the reactive oxygen species level were detected. RESULTS All rats in the control group and the MA group survived, and none of the rats occurred HCC. HCC occurred in rats of the MB group and the MC group. The serum ALB level in the MB group was higher than that in the MC group. The serum ALT and AST levels and the number of proliferating and apoptotic hepatocyte cells in the MB group were lower than those in the MC group. The expression of ROS- and NF-κBp6- positive cells in the MA group, MB group, and MC group were significantly higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION This study developed a new DEN-induced rat HCC model with short induction time, high incidence, and survival rate. NF-κB pathway may be one of the main pathways involved in the development of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhui Lin
- Hepatobiliary, pancreatic and splenic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Sitian Xie
- Burn and plastic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fengjie Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zeming Chen
- Hepatobiliary, pancreatic and splenic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jianrui Liu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xingmu Liu
- Hepatobiliary, pancreatic and splenic surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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7
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Velázquez-Enríquez JM, Cerna R, Beltrán-Ramírez O, Piña-Vázquez C, Villa-Treviño S, Vásquez-Garzón VR. DCLK1 is Overexpressed and Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10667-y. [PMID: 38294590 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is overexpressed in different types of cancer. It has recently been described as a cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker, is associated with carcinogenesis, and positively correlates with infiltration of multiple immune cell types in some cancers. However, studies focused on assessing DCLK1 expression in HCC are limited, and the role of DCLK1 in HCC tumor immunity remains to be determined. In this study, we used a modified model of the resistant hepatocyte (MRHM) to evaluate DCLK1 expression in HCC. Furthermore, DCLK1 expression in HCC was analyzed using TIMER 2.0, UALCAN, GEPIA, GEO, and HPA web-based tools. Correlations between DCLK1 expression and clinicopathological factors in patients were analyzed using the UALCAN web-based tool. Finally, correlations between DCLK1 and immune infiltrates were investigated using the TIMER 2.0 and TISIDB web-based tools. The results showed that DCLK1 is significantly overexpressed during progression of the HCC carcinogenic process in the MRHM. DCLK1 is overexpressed in HCC according to multiple publics web-based tools, and its overexpression is associated with cancer stage. Furthermore, DCLK1 expression was correlated with infiltration levels of multiple immune cells, immunomodulatory factors, immunoinhibitors, MHC molecules, chemokines, receptors, and immune cell-specific markers. These results suggest that DCLK1 is a potential prognostic biomarker that determines cancer progression and correlates with immune cell infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, C.P. 68020, Oaxaca, México
| | - Renata Cerna
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Olga Beltrán-Ramírez
- Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Unidad Académica Navojoa, Boulevard Manlio Fabio Beltrones 810, Colonia Bugambilias, C.P. 85875, Navojoa, Sonora, México
| | - Carolina Piña-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, C.P. 68020, Oaxaca, México.
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8
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Sotty J, Bablon P, Weiss PH, Soussan P. Diethylnitrosamine Induction of Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2769:15-25. [PMID: 38315386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3694-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a chemical hepatocarcinogenic agent that triggers a large array of oncogenic mutations after a single injection. Initiated hepatocytes subsequently undergo clonal expansion within a proliferative environment, rendering the DEN model a comprehensive carcinogen. In rodent studies, DEN finds extensive utility in experimental liver cancer research, mimicking several aspects of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, immune exhaustion, and the ability to metastasize. Beyond the wealth of scientific insights gleaned from this model, the objective of this chapter is to review morphological, genomic, and immunological characteristics associated to DEN-induced HCC. Furthermore, this chapter provides a detailed procedural guide to effectively induce hepatocarcinogenesis in mice through a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Sotty
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bablon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Paul-Henry Weiss
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche de Saint Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
- Département de Virologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, GHU Paris-Est, Paris, France.
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Sugiyama Y, Yamamoto K, Honda T, Kato A, Muto H, Yokoyama S, Ito T, Imai N, Ishizu Y, Nakamura M, Asano T, Enomoto A, Zaitsu K, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M, Kawashima H. Impact of elobixibat on liver tumors, microbiome, and bile acid levels in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1378-1392. [PMID: 37666952 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated bile acid levels have been associated with liver tumors in fatty liver. Ileal bile acid transporter inhibitors may inhibit bile acid absorption in the distal ileum and increase bile acid levels in the colon, potentially decreasing the serum and hepatic bile acid levels. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these factors on liver tumor. METHODS C57BL/6J mice received a one-time intraperitoneal injection of 25-mg/kg diethylnitrosamine. They were fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet for 20 weeks starting from 8 weeks of age, with or without elobixibat (EA Pharma, Tokyo, Japan). RESULTS Both groups showed liver fat accumulation and fibrosis, with no significant differences between the two groups. However, mice with elobixibat showed fewer liver tumors. The total serum bile acid levels, including free, tauro-conjugated, glyco-conjugated, and tauro-α/β-muricholic acids in the liver, were noticeably reduced following elobixibat treatment. The proportion of gram-positive bacteria in feces was significantly lower in the group treated with elobixibat (5.4%) than in the group without elobixibat (33.7%). CONCLUSION Elobixibat suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting bile acid reabsorption, and decreasing total bile acid and primary bile acid levels in the serum and liver. Additionally, the presence of bile acids in the colon may have led to a significant reduction in the proportion of gram-positive bacteria, potentially resulting in decreased secondary bile acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hisanori Muto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norihiro Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masanao Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomomi Asano
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-Ku, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Multimodal Informatics and Wide-Data Analytics Laboratory (MiWA-Lab.), Department of Computational Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishi Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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10
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Farag FSAA, Anwar HM, Aboushousha T, Mohammed HS, Ismail LDM. Ameliorative Effects of Thunbergia erecta L. Leaves Against the Initiation of Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Diethylnitrosamine in the Rat Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5881-5902. [PMID: 36708488 PMCID: PMC10511368 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Thunbergia erecta L. contains cytotoxic and liver-protective compounds. Thunbergia erecta L. leaves were macerated in 70% aqueous ethanol, then fractionated with ethyl acetate (9.3 g) and butanol (12.7 g), and attenuated Den-induced liver cancer in a Wistar rat experimental model. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were chromatographed using column chromatography and solid-phase extraction (SPE); Vicenin-II (1), kaempferol (2), biochanin A, sissotrin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), gentianose (4), acacetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (5), apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (6), and rosmarinic acid (7) were extracted, and their structures were determined using NMR spectroscopy and ESI-mass spectrometry. Sixty rats were divided into six groups (ten each): control group, Den group, doxorubicin/Den-treated group, butanol fraction/Den-treated group, and isolated acacetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside/Den-treated group. The liver enzymes and proinflammatory biomarkers were used to estimate the liver function. In addition, liver tissues were collected for analysis of oxidative stress markers, gene expression, and histopathology. There is a significant increase in the levels of liver enzymes, AFP, and TNF-ἁ. This was conveyed by a significant increase of IL-1 and caspase-3, elevation of MDA and reduction of GSH, and suppression of Bcl2 and elevation of Bax expression. All parameters in butanol, ethyl acetate fractions, and isolated acacetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (major constituents) of T. erecta L. were significantly improved to values close to those of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sayed Abdel-Aal Farag
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Hend Mohamed Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control & Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, P.O. 30 Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Hala Sh Mohammed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Diab Mousa Ismail
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
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11
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Ishteyaque S, Yadav KS, Verma S, Washimkar KR, Mugale MN. CYP2E1 triggered GRP78/ATF6/CHOP signaling axis inhibit apoptosis and promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109701. [PMID: 37499993 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an enzyme, primarily involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and procarcinogens. The present study was designed to investigate the potential role of CYP2E1 triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress in the progression of HCC through inhibition of apoptosis. In vitro CYP2E1 promotes HepG2 cell migration, reduced chromatin condensation, enhanced intracellular ROS accumulation and induce cell cycle progression. Conversely this effect was averted by CYP2E1 siRNA, selective inhibitor Diallyl sulphide (DAS) and antioxidants (vitamin C and E). In vivo Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced HCC rats showed decreased body weight and increased relative liver weight. Moreover, macro trabecular-massive HCC (MTM-HCC) histological subtyping showed pathological features like well-differentiated tumors, micro-trabecular and pseudo glandular patterns, megakaryocytes and cholestasis. Masson's trichrome staining revealed an intensive accumulation of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Increased CYP2E1, VEGF and PCNA enhance the carcinogenicity as revealed in immunohistochemistry results. Immunoblot analysis showed reduced expression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in cytosolic as well as mitochondrial fraction of rat liver tissue respectively. Also, increased level of CYP2E1 stimulated the upregulation of unfolded proteins response (UPR) and ER stress-related proteins such as Glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP). Meanwhile, CYP2E1 stimulated ER-stress reduces BCL2 and downregulates the cleaved caspase 3 thus suppresses apoptosis. in. Furthermore, immunofluorescence revealed increased expression level of α-SMA in the HCC rat liver tissue. The level of CYP2E1 mRNA was significantly increased. Altogether, these findings indicate that CYP2E1 has a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of HCC and might be a budding agent in liver carcinogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmeen Ishteyaque
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Karan Singh Yadav
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Smriti Verma
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Cancer Biology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Satomoto K, Aoki M, Wakita A, Yamagata H, Mitsumoto T, Okamoto T, Harada R, Hamada S. Hepatocyte proliferation activity in untreated rats, measured by immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67: The effect of age on the repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2023; 890:503658. [PMID: 37567645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The repeated-dose liver micronucleus (RDLMN) assay is a widely accepted method for detecting genotoxic substances. We investigated the effect of animal age on this assay. Proliferation activity in the liver tissue of untreated rats at age = 3.5, 6, 8, 10, or 12 weeks was measured via immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 protein. The percentage of Ki-67-positive hepatocytes decreased markedly with age, reaching very low levels after 10 weeks, indicating decline with age of proliferative capacities in the liver. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) of the approximate curve generated from the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells, to estimate the hepatocyte proliferation activity over the dosing period in the two regimens of the 4-week RDLMN assay: dosing initiated at age = 6 or 8 weeks. Hepatocyte proliferation activity of the former regimen was approximately double that of the latter. We also calculated the AUC for the juvenile-rat method, in which rats are treated for two days at age = 3.5 weeks. The AUC calculated for that method was approximately half of that for the 4-week repeated-dosing regimen initiated at 6 weeks of age. These findings suggest that the 4-week RDLMN assay with dosing initiated at age = 6 weeks could be approximately twice as sensitive as the other two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Satomoto
- BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan.
| | - Moeko Aoki
- BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakita
- BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagata
- BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mitsumoto
- BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Takezo Okamoto
- BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
| | - Ryoko Harada
- ITR Laboratories Canada Inc., 19601 Clark Graham Ave, Baie-D'Urfé, Quebec H9X 3T1, Canada
| | - Shuichi Hamada
- BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-0039, Japan
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Morsy HM, Ahmed OM, Zoheir KMA, Abdel-Moneim A. The anticarcinogenic effect of eugenol on lung cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine/2-acetylaminofluorene in Wistar rats: insight on the mechanisms of action. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01852-2. [PMID: 37179285 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the ameliorative effects of eugenol and to propose the possible mechanisms of action of eugenol in diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-caused lung cancer in Wistar rats. To induce lung cancer, DENA at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) for 2 weeks were intraperitoneally injected once each week and AAF was administered orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt. four times each week for the next 3 weeks. DENA/AAF-administered rats were orally supplemented with eugenol at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt administered once a day until 17 weeks starting from the 1st week of DENA administration. Lung histological lesions, including sheets of tumor cells, micropapillary adenocarcinoma, and apoptotic cells, resulting from the DENA/AAF dosage, were ameliorated by eugenol treatment. However, a significant drop in the levels of LPO in the lungs and a remarkable rise in GSH content and GPx and SOD activities were observed in DENA/AAF-administered rats treated with eugenol compared with those in DENA/AAF-administered controls. Moreover, in DENA/AAF-administered rats, eugenol supplementation significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, NF-κB p65, and MCP-1 but significantly elevated the level of Nrf2. Furthermore, the DENA/AAF-administered rats treated with eugenol exhibited a significant downregulation of Bcl-2 expression levels in addition to a significant upregulation in P53 and Bax expression levels. Otherwise, the administration of DENA/AAF elevated the protein expression level of Ki-67, and this elevation was reversed by eugenol treatment. In conclusion, eugenol has effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer M Morsy
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Khairy M A Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Didamoony MA, Atwa AM, Ahmed LA. A novel mechanistic approach for the anti-fibrotic potential of rupatadine in rat liver via amendment of PAF/NF-ĸB p65/TGF-β1 and hedgehog/HIF-1α/VEGF trajectories. Inflammopharmacology 2023. [PMID: 36811777 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is one of the major worldwide health concerns which requires tremendous research due to the limited outcomes of the current therapies. The present study was designed to assess, for the first time, the potential therapeutic effect of rupatadine (RUP) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver fibrosis and to explore its possible mechanistic actions. For the induction of hepatic fibrosis, rats were treated with DEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks, and on the 6th week, RUP (4 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered for 4 weeks. Treatment with RUP ameliorated changes in body weights, liver indices, liver function enzymes, and histopathological alterations induced by DEN. Besides, RUP amended oxidative stress, which led to the inhibition of PAF/NF-κB p65-induced inflammation, and, subsequently, prevention of TGF-β1 elevation and HSCs activation as indicated by reduced α-SMA expression and collagen deposition. Moreover, RUP exerted significant anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects by suppressing Hh and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways. Our results highlight, for the first time, a promising anti-fibrotic potential of RUP in rat liver. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect involve the attenuation of PAF/NF-κB p65/TGF-β1 and Hh pathways and, subsequently, the pathological angiogenesis (HIF-1α/VEGF).
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15
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Nota T, Kageyama K, Yamamoto A, Kakehashi A, Yonezawa H, Jogo A, Sohgawa E, Murai K, Ogawa S, Miki Y. Safety and Feasibility of Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography with a Nanoparticle Contrast Agent for Evaluation of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Tumors in a Rat Model. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:30-39. [PMID: 35680546 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Safety and feasibility of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with a nanoparticulate contrast agent, ExiTron nano 12000, was evaluated in a rat liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study employed eighteen 8-week-old male F344 rats. Six rats given tap water for 8 weeks further divided into two: Control group and Normal Liver with CECT group. Six rats each were given tap water containing diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at 100 ppm for 8 or 14 weeks; Adenoma group and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group, respectively. Biochemical marker values and adverse events were evaluated after CT imaging. ExiTron nano 12000 was evaluated for the hepatic contrast enhancement, and the detection and measurement of liver nodules by CECT after 8- and 14-weeks administration of DEN. Post-mortem liver specimens were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the number and size of liver nodules were measured. The HCC group was evaluated for diagnostic concordance between HE-stained and CECT-detected nodules. RESULTS The contrast agent enhanced liver and was tolerated after CECT in 15 rats. Biochemical parameter values did not differ significantly between the Control and Normal Liver groups. The numbers of CECT-detected nodules in the Adenoma and HCC groups were 14.8 ± 5.1, and 32.4 ± 8.1, respectively. The HCC group had 3.6 ± 2.7 of pathological HCCs, which were identified by CECT. The size of CECT-detected HCCs correlated significantly with that of pathological HCCs (r = 0.966, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION CECT with ExiTron nano 12000 is a safe and feasible method to measure tumors in a rat liver tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Nota
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ken Kageyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Anna Kakehashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology (A.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), Abenoku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yonezawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Jogo
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Etsuji Sohgawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuki Murai
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Satoyuki Ogawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukio Miki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine (T.N., K.K., A.Y., H.Y., A.J., E.S., K.M., S.O., Y.M.), Osaka City University (currently Osaka Metropolitan University), 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Eitah HE, Attia HN, Soliman AAF, Gamal El Din AA, Mahmoud K, Sayed RH, Maklad YA, El-Sahar AE. Vitamin D ameliorates diethylnitrosamine-induced liver preneoplasia: A pivotal role of CYP3A4/CYP2E1 via DPP-4 enzyme inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 458:116324. [PMID: 36442531 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that vitamin D (Vit D) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in cancer cells. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effects of Vit D on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver preneoplasia. The effect of Vit D on HepG2 cells was investigated using MTT assay. Additionally, liver preneoplasia was induced in Swiss male albino mice by giving overnight fasted animals 5 consecutive doses of DEN (75 mg/kg/week). Oral treatment with Vit D (200 IU/kg/day) was initiated either 2 weeks before DEN (first protocol) or 1 week after the first dose of DEN injection (second protocol). At the end of the experiment, tissue levels of GGT, DPP-4, TNF-α, IL-6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 were also estimated. Moreover, the histopathological study of liver tissue and immunohistochemical detection of GST-P, PCNA, and NF-κB were performed. Vit D exerted a significant cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells via significantly increasing BAX, p53, and BAX/Bcl2 ratio, and significantly decreasing Bcl2 mRNA expression. In both in vivo protocols, Vit D was capable of normalizing relative liver weight, PCNA, altered hepatocellular foci, and ductular proliferation. Moreover, Vit D significantly reduced the DEN-induced elevation of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, DDP-4, TNF-α, IL-6, CYP2E1, liver DNA damage, GST-P, NF-κB, nuclear hyperchromasia/pleomorphism, cholestasis, and inflammatory cell aggregates, but significantly increased CYP3A4 content. In conculsion, current results reflect the potential impact of Vit D in the management of early stages of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatollah E Eitah
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A F Soliman
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yousreya A Maklad
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
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Qi Y, Hu J, Liang J, Hu X, Ma N, Xiang B. Clonorchis sinensis infection contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression in rat. Parasitol Res 2022. [PMID: 36266591 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection is a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. Whether it also contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. This study explored the potential relationship between C. sinensis infection and HCC. A total of 110 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four treatment groups, the negative control group (NC) received intragastric (i.g.) administration of saline, while the clonorchiasis group (CS) received i.g. administration of 150 C. sinensis metacercariae. The diethylnitrosamine-induced group (DEN) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of DEN. The clonorchiasis DEN-induced group (CSDEN) received i.g. administration of 150 C. sinensis metacercariae followed by i.p. administration of DEN. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed for histopathological analysis of the isolated tissues. RNA-seq technology and RT-PCR were employed for gene expression. In the DEN group, 15 rats survived, of which 9 developed liver cirrhosis and 7 developed HCC. In the CSDEN group, all of the 17 surviving rats developed cirrhosis, and 15 showed development of HCC. The incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC was significantly higher in the CSDEN group than in the DEN group. KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes suggested significant upregulation in inflammation-associated pathways. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results showed significant upregulation of hepatic progenitor cell markers (CK19, SOX9, EpCAM) in the CS group compared to the NC group, as well as in the CSDEN group compared to the DEN group. Our study suggests that C. sinensis infection increases risk of HCC in a rat model by stimulating proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells.
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Altındağ F, Boğokşayan S, Bayram S. Eumelanin protects the liver against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury. Toxicology 2022; 480:153311. [PMID: 36113623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate in vivo protective effects of eumelanin (EU) on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver injury. Wistar albino male rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6), Control, DMSO, DEN, DEN + EU10, DEN + EU15, and DEN + EU20. Animals in the DEN group were injected i.p a single dose of 200 mg/kg DEN, DEN + EU10 group was given 10 mg/kg EU, DEN + EU15 group was given 15 mg/kg, DEN + EU20 group was given 20 mg/kg EU for a week. The results showed that there was no significant difference in vessel volume density between the groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration, hydropic degeneration, and necrotic cells were observed in the DEN group, and these histopathological changes were significantly reduced in all treatment groups. Although there was a low intensity of PAS-positive staining in the DEN groups, moderate staining was observed in the treatment groups. While Caspase-3, PCNA, TNF-α, and IL-6 expressions increased in the DEN group, their expressions decreased in the EU-treated groups. DEN increased AST, ALT, and MDA levels and decreased CAT levels. In particular, the EU10 dose significantly improved these parameters. The present study revealed that eumelanin has protective effects against DEN-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Altındağ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
| | - Seda Boğokşayan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Sinan Bayram
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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Satomoto K, Suzuki I, Mita K, Wakita A, Yamagata H, Mitsumoto T, Hamada S. The effect of aging on the repeated-dose liver micronucleus assay using diethylnitrosamine. Genes Environ 2022; 44:21. [PMID: 35982479 PMCID: PMC9387043 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-022-00250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The repeated-dose liver micronucleus (RDLMN) assay has been well-developed and applied because of its simplicity and the ease of integration into general toxicity studies which is the preferred method from the 3R’s point of view. In this assay, we observed micronucleated hepatocytes which accumulated during a rather long-term dosing period. When considering integration into general toxicity studies, the effects of age of the animals used in the micronucleus assay becomes a major issue. The effect of age on the micronucleus induction rate has been reported in bone marrow micronucleus assays, and it is considered that the decrease in cell proliferation rate due to aging is the cause of the decrease in sensitivity. A decrease in sensitivity due to aging was also reported in a liver micronucleus assay using clofibrate and the cause is considered to be a decrease in hepatocyte proliferation activity due to aging. However, no actual decrease in hepatocyte proliferation rate due to aging has been reported. In addition, there are no reports, so far, on whether similar effects of aging appear when other substances were administered. To investigate the effects of aging in the RDLMN assay, this study focused on the effects of 14-day repeated administration of DEN, a well-known genotoxic hepatocarcinogen with the hepatocyte toxicity which should cause an elevation of cell proliferation rate as a reflective regeneration. Results The liver micronuclei induced by DEN were equivalent between the two age groups (i.e., six and eight weeks of age at the start of dosing). In the histopathological examination for the liver, single cell necrosis, karyomegaly, and increased mitosis were observed in the hepatocytes, and the frequency and severity were increased dose-dependently. Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis which can detect all cells in the cell cycle other than those in the G0 phase revealed dose-dependent increase of cell proliferation activity, and the difference between ages was not observed. Conclusion The effect of aging on the RDLMN assay could not be recognized when DEN was administered for 14 days in rats. Meanwhile, it was supported by the histopathological examination and Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis that such an effect of aging was masked by the compensatory hepatocyte proliferation which was induced by the hepatocyte toxicity of DEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Satomoto
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc, 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan.
| | - Isamu Suzuki
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc, 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Koji Mita
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc, 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakita
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc, 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagata
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc, 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mitsumoto
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc, 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hamada
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc, 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
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Zhou W, Zheng Y, Shang J, Wang H, Wang Y, Lu H, Wang X, Sui M. Intestinal microecology in mice bearing diethylnitrosamine-induced primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:438-453. [PMID: 37202098 PMCID: PMC10265007 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of intestinal microecology in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model mice. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice aged 2 weeks were divided into normal control group and HCC model group. Mice in HCC model group were exposed to a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 2 weeks after birth; the surviving mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), once every 2 weeks for 8 times starting from the 4 th week after birth. Mice in each group were randomly selected and sacrificed at 10 th, 18 th and 32 nd weeks after birth, respectively, the liver tissue samples were obtained for histopathological examination. At the 32 nd week, all mice in both groups were sacrificed and the feces samples were collected under sterile conditions right before the sacrifice. The feces samples were sequenced for the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and the species abundance, flora diversity and phenotype, as well as flora correlation and functional prediction were analyzed. RESULTS Alpha diversity analysis showed that all Good's coverage reached the maximum value of 1.00, and the differences in the Observed features, Chao1 index, Shannon index and Simpson index of the intestinal flora of mice between normal control group and HCC model group were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed that PCoA based on weighted or unweighted Unifrac distances all yielded R>0, confirming that the intra-group differences of the samples were less than the inter-group differences; the trend of separation between the two groups was significant ( P<0.05). Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria were the dominant taxa at the phylum level in both normal control group and HCC model group. However, compared with normal control group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes in HCC model group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01), while the abundance of Patescibacteria was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Moreover, the dominant taxa at the genus level in normal control group mainly included Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Paramuribaculum, Muribaculum, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A 136 group, Olsenella. The dominant taxa at the genus level in HCC model group mainly included Akkermansia, Dubosiella, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A 136 group, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002. There were 30 genera with statistically significant differences in relative abundance at the genus level between the two groups (all P<0.05). LEfSe analysis of the intestinal flora of mice in the two groups revealed a total of 14 multi-level differential taxa (all P<0.05, LDA score>4.0), which were mainly enriched in Bacteroidetes. The enrichment of 10 differential taxa including Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Muribaculaceae, etc. were found in normal control group, and the enrichment of 4 differential taxa including Dubosiella, Peptostreptococus, etc. were found in HCC model group. There were both positive and negative correlations between the dominant intestinal genera in normal control group (|rho|>0.5, P<0.05), while the correlations of the dominant intestinal genera in HCC model group, being less complex than that in normal control group, were all positive. The relative abundance of gram positive and mobile element containing in the intestinal flora of mice in HCC model group was significantly up-regulated compared with normal control group (both P<0.05), while that of gram negative ( P<0.05) and pathogenic potential ( P<0.05) was significantly down-regulated. The metabolic pathways of the intestinal flora in the two groups were significantly different. For instance, 18 metabolic pathways were enriched in normal control group (all P<0.005), including those related to energy metabolism, cell division, nucleotide metabolism, etc., while 12 metabolic pathways were enriched in HCC model group (all P<0.005), including those related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, etc. Conclusions: The amount of intestinal flora in DEN-induced primary HCC model mice decreased, and the composition, correlation, phenotype and function of the intestinal flora in mice were significantly altered. Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, as well as several microbial taxa at the genus level such as Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Muribaculum, Peptostreptococus and Dubosiella could be closely associated with DEN-induced primary HCC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhou
- 1. Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Shang
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yisha Wang
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Lu
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wang
- 5. Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Meihua Sui
- 2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- 3. Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
- 4. Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ahmed OM, Fahim HI, Mohamed EE, Abdel-Moneim A. Protective effects of Persea americana fruit and seed extracts against chemically induced liver cancer in rats by enhancing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic activities. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:43858-43873. [PMID: 35122196 PMCID: PMC9200872 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18902-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the chemopreventive mechanisms of hydroethanolic extracts from avocado (Persea Americana) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Chemical induction of hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DEN at 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) twice a week for a fortnight, followed by oral administration of 2AAF at 20 mg/kg b.w. four times a week for 3 weeks. Rats administered DEN/2AAF were orally treated with hydroethanolic extracts of avocado fruits and seeds at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. every other day for 20 weeks. Moreover, rats administered DEN/2AAF and treated with avocado extracts revealed a marked decrease in liver enzyme activities, total bilirubin levels, and elevated liver tumor markers, but revealed an increase in total protein and albumin levels. The hepatocytes with hyperchromatic and bile duct cystadenoma observed in the liver of rats administered DEN/2AAF were reduced due to treatment with avocado extracts. Furthermore, the treatments prevented the elevation of lipid peroxidation levels and ameliorated the lowered glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase activities, and glutathione content in the liver tissues. Also, antigen Ki-67, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor kappa-B expression levels were decreased, but of the suppressor proteins p53 and BAX levels were increased in the liver of rats administered DEN/2AAF and treated with avocado extracts. In conclusion, the current results demonstrated that avocado extracts could abate hepatocarcinogenesis in rats administered DEN/2AAF through activation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I Fahim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman E Mohamed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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22
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Ogar GO, Minari JB, Bello AJ, Chiwetalu J, Omogunwa OE, Oshikoya OS, Otaru MT, Anyanele CA. Influence of ethanolic extract of Allium sativum on TP53 gene and its anticancer potential in N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male albino rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2022; 25:497-505. [PMID: 35656070 PMCID: PMC9150801 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.62295.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Cancer is a group of genetic disorders in which the behavior of the cell is disturbed by mutation and other abnormalities thereby posing as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, highly aggressive with high mortality and incidence rate; and has limited therapeutic options. Most of the conventional cancer chemotherapeutics are associated with undesirable side effects, toxicity, chemoresistance, and high treatment cost, driving the need for a safer and more effective treatment alternative. Medicinal plants and herbs have shown very promising anti-cancer properties which are important for cancer treatment due to their multiple chemical compounds. Materials and Methods Qualitative screening of the ethanolic extractof Allium sativum was conducted showing the different phytochemicalspresent. The levels of liver function and hematological parameters wasdetermined via spectrophotometric analysis. Polymerase Chain Reaction techniquewas used to assess the gene patterns of Tumorsuppressor p53 (TP53). Results Phytochemical analysis revealed that Allium sativum has properties that antagonize the proliferating process of carcinogenesis in the liver. The NDEA-group showed significant distortion in the liver architecture characterized by vascular congestion of blood sinusoids, cirrhosis, and congestive hepatopathy while the treated groups showed a reduction in the abnormalities and malignant formation. The treated group showed a significant (P<0.05) increase and restored activities of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Bilirubin and hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets). TP53 gene amplification was significantly (P<0.05) visible after treatment. Conclusion Ethanolic plant extract of A. sativum demonstrates its anticancer properties by improving the liver architecture, increasing the antioxidant defense systems, and activation of the tumor suppressor (TP53) gene. Garlic extract has anti-proliferating properties and can be used as an alternative mode of treatment and prevention for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Offumobi Ogar
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
| | - Joseph Bamidele Minari
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos,Corresponding author: Joseph Bamidele Minari. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, PMB 1, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos
| | - Adebayo Joseph Bello
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
| | - Janet Chiwetalu
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
| | - Oluwafunto Eunice Omogunwa
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
| | - Oluwadamilola Suzan Oshikoya
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
| | - Micheal Tobiloba Otaru
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
| | - Chioma Anastacia Anyanele
- Cancer Research and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
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Amudha P, Jayalakshmi M, Vidya R, Poojitha BN. Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Enhalus acoroides against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Albino Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 35106713 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most cause of death among the various cancers worldwide. Recent research searching an alternative therapy for cancer treatment without or less side effects. Many studies indicated the beneficial effects of Enhalus acoroides. There has been no scientific validation on antioxidant and chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract E. acoroides against hepatoma. To assess the hepatoprotective activity of E. acoroides (EEEA) against DEN-induced hepatoma using Wistar albino rats. Animals were distributed into five groups, each containing six rats. To Group I - control rats - normal saline given. Groups II, III, IV and V rats were injection of DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight i.p. to induce liver cancer. At the commencement of 6th week, Group III rats supplemented with EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight/day upto 16 weeks. Group IV rats supplemented with EEEA for 1 week before the administration of DEN and continued till the sixteenth week. Group V supplementation of silymarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight at the beginning of 6th week after the injection of DEN and continued upto 16 weeks and considered as positive control rats. The efficiency of E. acoroides for its antioxidant hepatoprotective and activity evaluated in rats against DEN-induced liver damage. The hepatoprotective ability of EEEA at a dose of 200 mg/kg was examined against DEN at a dose of 100 mg/kg/b.w. induced hepatotoxicity and analysed by evaluating serum liver and kidney marker levels, lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol) and serum tumour markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). Supplementation of EEEA to DEN treated rats was determined by evaluating various antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, Vit E and Vit C). Histopathological studies and morphometric gross analysis were also support the consequences of this study. A significant improvement of antioxidant defence and declined MDA levels within the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN-induced hepatoma. The supplementation of EEEA declined the serum liver, kidney and serum tumour marker levels and lipid profile as comparatively to Group I rats. The histopathological changes were changed on supplementation of EEEA demonstrating its protecting effects on hepatocytes as comparatively to Group I rats. Our significances recognized that crude extract (ethanol) of E. acoroides revealed a potential impact against DEN-induced hepatoma and assists as a superior choice for chemopreventive treatments.
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Goto RL, Tablas MB, Prata GB, Espírito Santo SG, Fernandes AAH, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. Vitamin D 3 supplementation alleviates chemically-induced cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 215:106022. [PMID: 34774723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency has been associated with increased risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, a highly incident malignant neoplasia worldwide. On the other hand, VD3 supplementation has shown some beneficial effects in clinical studies and rodent models of chronic liver disease. However, preventive effects of dietary VD3 supplementation in cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis is still unknow. To investigate this purpose, male Wistar rats submitted to a combined diethylnitrosamine- and thioacetamide-induced model were concomitantly supplemented with VD3 (5,000 and 10,000 IU/kg diet) for 25 weeks. Liver samples were collected for histological, biochemical and molecular analysis. Serum samples were used to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and alanine aminotransferase levels. Both VD3 interventions decreased hepatic collagen deposition and pro-inflammatory p65 protein levels, while increased hepatic antioxidant catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and serum 25(OH)D, without a clear dose-response effect. Nonetheless, only the highest concentration of VD3 increased hepatic protein levels of VD receptor, while decreased the number of large preneoplastic glutathione-S-transferase- (>0.5 mm²) and keratin 8/18-positive lesions, as well the multiplicity of hepatocellular adenomas. Moreover, this intervention increased hepatic antioxidant Nrf2 protein levels and glutathione-S-transferase activity. In summary, dietary VD3 supplementation - in special the highest intervention - showed antifibrotic and antineoplastic properties in chemically-induced cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. The positive modulation of Nrf2 antioxidant axis may be mechanistically involved with these beneficial effects, and may guide future clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/chemically induced
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/metabolism
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/pathology
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/prevention & control
- Alanine Transaminase/blood
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- Catalase/blood
- Catalase/genetics
- Chemoprevention/methods
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Dietary Supplements
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glutathione Peroxidase/blood
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Male
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Thioacetamide/toxicity
- Vitamin D/administration & dosage
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
- Vitamin D/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata L Goto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Tablas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B Prata
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara G Espírito Santo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Angélica H Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Zepeda-Bastida A, Ocampo-López J, Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Idelfonso-García OG, Rosas-Madrigal S, Aparicio-Bautista DI, Pérez-Carreón JI, Villa-Treviño S, Arellanes-Robledo J. Aqueous extracts from Tenebrio molitor larval and pupal stages inhibit early hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:1045-1052. [PMID: 34904416 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most frequent primary liver malignancy, is ranked as the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with its incidence expected to continue rising. One of the reasons is that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic options are ineffective. The development of HCC is attributed to a chronic exposition to either one or a combination of low amounts of different hepatotoxins, such as in hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin from contaminated foods, metabolic factors, and exposure to chemical carcinogens from tobacco smoke (Forner et al., 2018). Integrative studies combining exome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and the genomic characterization of HCC have shown that these etiological factors may raise the frequency of particular genetic alterations, resulting in intra-tumor heterogeneity that presents a huge challenge for treatment. For example, mutations in the catenin β-1 (CTNNB1) gene (a proto-oncogene in the WNT signaling pathway that encodes the β-catenin transcription factor) are strongly associated with alcohol-related HCC, whereas mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes are the most commonly observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC (Calderaro et al., 2017; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, 2017). The above findings emphasize the molecular diversity of HCC and the associations of different etiologies with distinct mechanisms in HCC progression. Consequently, prevention strategies are still attractive for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Zepeda-Bastida
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State-ICAP-UAEH, Hidalgo 43600, Mexico.
| | - Juan Ocampo-López
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State-ICAP-UAEH, Hidalgo 43600, Mexico
| | - Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine-INMEGEN, CDMX 14610, Mexico.,Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute-CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | | | - Sandra Rosas-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine-INMEGEN, CDMX 14610, Mexico
| | | | | | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute-CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine-INMEGEN, CDMX 14610, Mexico. .,Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology-CONACYT, CDMX 03940, Mexico.
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Huang H, Liu Z, Qi X, Gao N, Chang J, Yang M, Na S, Liu Y, Song R, Li L, Chen G, Zhou H. Rhubarb granule promotes diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumorigenesis by activating the oxidative branch of pentose phosphate pathway via G6PD in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114479. [PMID: 34343647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb is a natural herbal medicine widely used clinically with numerous pharmacological activities including anti-cancer. Specifically, several studies reported that free anthraquinones from Rhubarb suppressed the proliferation of hepatoma cells. Nonetheless, recent studies revealed that Rhubarb caused hepatotoxicity in vivo, confirming its "two-way" effect on the liver. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of Rhubarb in the in vivo treatment of liver cancer should be further elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the presence of hepatoprotection or hepatotoxicity of Rhubarb in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 112 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190-250 g were enrolled. The rats were induced hepatocarcinogenesis using diethylnitrosamine (0.002 g/rat) until 17 weeks. Starting at week 11, Rhubarb granules (4 g/kg and 8 g/kg) were intragastrically administered daily for 7 weeks. All rats were euthanized at week 20 and the livers were analyzed via non-targeted metabolomics analysis. We established hepatic glucose 6 phosphate (6PG) levels and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities to assess the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). And the liver injuries of rats were analyzed via histological changes, hepatic function, as well as hepatic protein levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Furthermore, polydatin (0.1 g/kg/d) as a specific inhibitor of G6PD was used to treat rats. Notably, their histological changes, hepatic function, hepatic 6PG levels, hepatic G6PD activities, PCNA levels, and PKM2 levels were recorded. RESULTS Non-targeted metabolomics revealed that Rhubarb regulated the PPP in the liver of Rhubarb-DEN-treated rats. Besides, Rhubarb activated the oxidative branch of the PPP by activating G6PD (a rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative PPP) in the liver of Rhubarb-DEN-treated rats. Meanwhile, Rhubarb promoted DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, polydatin attenuated the promoting effect of Rhubarb on DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Rhubarb promoted DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by activating the PPP, indicating that the efficacy and safety of Rhubarb in the treatment of liver cancer deserve to be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Nailong Gao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jianguo Chang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China; Clinical Pathology Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Sha Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Guangliang Chen
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
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Márquez-Quiroga LV, Arellanes-Robledo J, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Villa-Treviño S, Muriel P. Models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis potentiated by chemical inducers leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 195:114845. [PMID: 34801522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, arises after a long period of exposure to etiological factors. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is ranked as the main risk factor for developing HCC; hence, experimental models of NASH leading to HCC have become key tools both to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology and to evaluate new putative drugs for treating chronic liver diseases in humans. Animal models of NASH induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) plus chemical inducers, such as the NASH-HCC (STAM), high-fat diet/diethylnitrosamine (HFD/DEN), choline-deficient high-fat diet/DEN (CDHFD/DEN), and Western diet/carbon tetrachloride (WD/CCl4) models, are promising because they exacerbate liver damage and significantly shorten the experimental time. In this review, we critically summarize and discuss the ability of these models to recapitulate the liver alterations that precede and lead to HCC progression, as well as the impact of the diet in promoting liver injury progression. We also emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of the models' ability to closely mimic the stages of liver injury development that occur in humans. Based on the molecular mechanisms induced by the currently available NASH models leading to HCC, we argue that although several NASH models have importantly contributed to describing the disease chronology, the progress in emulating the progression from NASH to HCC has been partial. Thus, the development of novel NASH/HCC models remains an unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vanessa Márquez-Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Hepatología Experimental, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Hepáticas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica - INMEGEN, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - CONACYT, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico; Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - CONACYT, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Saul Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratorio de Hepatología Experimental, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Alarcón-Sánchez BR, Pérez-Carreón JI, Villa-Treviño S, Arellanes-Robledo J. Molecular alterations that precede the establishment of the hallmarks of cancer: An approach on the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114818. [PMID: 34757033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury promotes the molecular alterations that precede the establishment of cancer. Usually, several decades of chronic insults are needed to develop the most common primary liver tumor known as hepatocellular carcinoma. As other cancer types, liver cancer cells are governed by a common set of rules collectively called the hallmarks of cancer. Although those rules have provided a conceptual framework for understanding the complex pathophysiology of established tumors, therapeutic options are still ineffective in advanced stages. Thus, the molecular alterations that precede the establishment of cancer remain an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first summarize the chemopreventive interventions targeting the early liver carcinogenesis stages. After an integrative analysis on the plethora of molecular alterations regulated by anticancer agents, we then underline and discuss that two critical processes namely oxidative stress and genetic alterations, play the role of 'dirty work laborer' in the initial cell damage and drive the transformation of preneoplastic into neoplastic cells, respectively; besides, the activation of cellular senescence works as a key mechanism in attempting to prevent the onset and establishment of liver cancer. Whereas the detrimental effects of the binomial made up of oxidative stress and genetic alterations are either eliminated or reduced, senescence activation is promoted by anticancer agents. We argue that collectively, oxidative stress, genetic alterations, and senescence are key events that influence the fate of initiated cells and the establishment of the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Rodope Alarcón-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Departament of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departament of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute - CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology - CONACYT, CDMX, Mexico.
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Ghufran H, Azam M, Mehmood A, Butt H, Riazuddin S. Standardization of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model with time based molecular assessment. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 123:104715. [PMID: 34699901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was intended (1) to develop a robust animal model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research, in which HCC tumors develop in a background of fibrosis or cirrhosis; and (2) to explore time-dependent regulatory changes in key molecular markers during disease advancement and HCC development. With the aim of establishing such HCC model, male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at a dose of 30 mg/kg twice a week for 10 weeks then once a week from 12th to 16th weeks. The rats were kept under observation until 18th week. At defined time intervals (2nd, 4th, 12th, and 18th week), serum biomarkers and microscopic components of tissue samples were used to investigate the chronic progression of liver disease, while gene and protein analysis was used to monitor expression patterns during HCC development. DEN-intoxicated rats manifested inflammation at week 4, fibrosis at week 12 and cirrhosis with early HCC tumors at week 18. Molecular analysis revealed that key markers of inflammation (Il-1β, Il-6, and Tnf-α), fibrosis (Tgf-β1, Col1α1, Col3α1, and Timp-1), and angiogenesis (Hif1-α and Vegf) were promptly (P ≤ 0.001) up-regulated at week 4, week 12 and week 18, respectively. Oxidative stress (iNos, Cyp2e1, and Sod1) and pro-apoptotic (Bax) markers showed significant upregulation from week 4 to week 12. However, Sod1 and Bax expressions dropped after week 12 and reached a minimum at 18th week. Strikingly, expressions of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and cell proliferation (Pcna, Hgf, and Afp) markers were abruptly increased at week 18. Collectively, we describe an 18-week HCC model in DEN-intoxicated rats that exhibit chronic inflammation, oxidative imbalance, advance fibrosis/cirrhosis, halted apoptosis, and angiogenic sprouting, progressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ghufran
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Azam
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azra Mehmood
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Butt
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Allama Iqbal Medical Research Centre, Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Abdel-Moneim A, Ahmed OM, Abd El-Twab SM, Zaky MY, Bakry LN. Prophylactic effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf and flower hydroethanolic extracts against diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminoflourene-induced lung cancer in Wistar rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:43515-43527. [PMID: 33834342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The study examines the prophylactic action of artichoke leaf hydroethanolic extract (ALE) and artichoke flower head hydroethanolic extract (AFE) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-induced lung cancer in Wistar rats. To chemically induce lung cancer, DEN was injected intraperitoneally twice a week for a fortnight at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), followed by oral supplementation of AAF four times a week for 3 weeks at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. The DEN/AAF-administered rats were orally supplemented with ALE or AFE at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. for 17 weeks starting from the 1st week of DEN injection to the 17th week of the experiment. The lung cancerous injuries resulting from DEN/AAF-administration were significantly improved by the treatment with ALE and AFE as observed in histological examination. In addition, there was a significant reduction in lung lipid peroxidation, with resultant elevation in antioxidant enzymatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase as well as glutathione content in DEN/AAF-supplemented rats treated with ALE and AFE as compared to DEN/AAF-administered control. The lung tumor suppressor protein (p53) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression significantly increased in the rats treated with ALE and AFE. In conclusion, the finding showed that ALE and AFE produced anti-cancer prophylactic effects against DEN/AAF-induced lung cancer in rats via suppression of oxidative stress and improved apoptotic signal induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa N Bakry
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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You Y, Zhu F, Li Z, Zhang L, Xie Y, Chinnathambi A, Alahmadi TA, Lu B. Phyllanthin prevents diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver carcinogenesis in rats and induces apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111335. [PMID: 33581648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is a critical clinical condition with augmented malignancy, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Liver cancer often initiates as fibrosis, develops as cirrhosis, and results in cancer. For centuries, medicinal plants have been incorporated in various liver-associated complications, and recently, research has recognized that many bioactive compounds from medicinal plants may interact with targets related to liver disorders. Phyllanthin from the Phyllanthus species is one such compound extensively used by folklore practitioners for various health benefits. However, most practices continue to be unrecognized scientifically. Hence, in this work, we investigated the protective role of phyllanthin on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver carcinoma in Wistar Albino rats and the anti-tumor potential on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells. The DEN-challenged liver cancer in experimental rats caused increased liver weight, 8-OHD, hepatic tissue injury marker, lipid peroxidation, and tumor markers levels. Remarkably, phyllanthin counteracted the DEN effect by ameliorating all the liver function enzymes, oxidative DNA damage, and tumor-specific markers by enhanced anti-oxidant capacity and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through the mTOR/ PI3K signaling pathway. MTT assay demonstrated that phyllanthin inhibited the HepG2 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Fascinatingly, phyllanthin did not demonstrate any substantial effect on the normal cell line, HL7702. In addition, HepG2 cells were found in the late apoptotic stage upon treatment with phyllanthin as depicted by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Overall, this work offers scientific justification that phyllanthin can be claimed to be a safe candidate with potential chemotherapeutic activity against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulai You
- Department of Liver and Gallbladder Surgery, Jiangjin District Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhenhuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xi'an NO.5 Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710082, China
| | - LingFeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Liver and Gallbladder Surgery, the PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bei Lu
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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Vilfranc CL, Che LX, Patra KC, Niu L, Olowokure O, Wang J, Shah SA, Du CY. BIR repeat-containing ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (BRUCE) regulation of β-catenin signaling in the progression of drug-induced hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenesis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:343-361. [PMID: 33815677 PMCID: PMC8006081 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BIR repeat-containing ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (BRUCE) is a liver tumor suppressor, which is downregulated in a large number of patients with liver diseases. BRUCE facilitates DNA damage repair to protect the mouse liver against the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-dependent acute liver injury and carcinogenesis. While there exists an established pathologic connection between fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), DEN exposure alone does not induce robust hepatic fibrosis. Further studies are warranted to identify new suppressive mechanisms contributing to DEN-induced fibrosis and HCC.
AIM To investigate the suppressive mechanisms of BRUCE in hepatic fibrosis and HCC development.
METHODS Male C57/BL6/J control mice [loxp/Loxp; albumin-cre (Alb-cre)-] and BRUCE Alb-Cre KO mice (loxp/Loxp; Alb-Cre+) were injected with a single dose of DEN at postnatal day 15 and sacrificed at different time points to examine liver disease progression.
RESULTS By using a liver-specific BRUCE knockout (LKO) mouse model, we found that BRUCE deficiency, in conjunction with DEN exposure, induced hepatic fibrosis in both premalignant as well as malignant stages, thus recapitulating the chronic fibrosis background often observed in HCC patients. Activated in fibrosis and HCC, β-catenin activity depends on its stabilization and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Interestingly, we observed that livers from BRUCE KO mice demonstrated an increased nuclear accumulation and elevated activity of β-catenin in the three stages of carcinogenesis: Pre-malignancy, tumor initiation, and HCC. This suggests that BRUCE negatively regulates β-catenin activity during liver disease progression. β-catenin can be activated by phosphorylation by protein kinases, such as protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates it at Ser-675 (pSer-675-β-catenin). Mechanistically, BRUCE and PKA were colocalized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes where PKA activity is maintained at the basal level. However, in BRUCE deficient mouse livers or a human liver cancer cell line, both PKA activity and pSer-675-β-catenin levels were observed to be elevated.
CONCLUSION Our data support a “BRUCE-PKA-β-catenin” signaling axis in the mouse liver. The BRUCE interaction with PKA in hepatocytes suppresses PKA-dependent phosphorylation and activation of β-catenin. This study implicates BRUCE as a novel negative regulator of both PKA and β-catenin in chronic liver disease progression. Furthermore, BRUCE-liver specific KO mice serve as a promising model for understanding hepatic fibrosis and HCC in patients with aberrant activation of PKA and β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystelle L Vilfranc
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Li-Xiao Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Krushna C Patra
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Olugbenga Olowokure
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Shimul A Shah
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Chun-Ying Du
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
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Hasanin AH, Habib EK, El Gayar N, Matboli M. Promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene on hepatic precancerous lesions initiated by diethylnitrosamine in rats: Molecular study. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:328-342. [PMID: 33815676 PMCID: PMC8006078 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i3.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induces hepatic neoplastic lesions over a prolonged period. AIM To investigate the promotive action of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) when combined with DEN in order to develop a rat model for induction of precancerous lesion and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the activity of 2-AAF. METHODS The pre-precancerous lesions were initiated by intraperitoneal injection of DEN for three weeks consecutively, followed by one intraperitoneal injection of 2-AAF at three different doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg). Rats were separated into naïve, DEN, DEN + 100 mg 2-AAF, DEN + 200 mg 2-AAF, and DEN + 300 mg 2-AAF groups. Rats were sacrificed after 10 wk and 16 wk. Liver functions, level of alpha-fetoprotein, glutathione S-transferase-P and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining of liver tissues were performed. The mRNA level of RAB11A, BAX, p53, and Cyclin E and epigenetic regulation by long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-513I15.6, miR-1262 (microRNA), and miR-1298 were assessed in the sera and liver tissues of the rats. RESULTS 2-AAF administration significantly increased the percent area of the precancerous foci and cell proliferation along with a significant decrease in RAB11A, BAX, and p53 mRNA, and the increase in Cyclin E mRNA was associated with a marked decrease in lncRNA RP11-513I15.6 expression with a significant increase in both miR-1262 and miR-1298. CONCLUSION 2-AFF promoted hepatic precancerous lesions initiated through DEN by decreasing autophagy, apoptosis, and tumor suppression genes, along with increased cell proliferation, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These actions were mediated under the epigenetic regulation of lncRNA RP11-513I15.6/miR-1262/miR-1298.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Eman K Habib
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Nesreen El Gayar
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11381, Egypt.
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Hayaza S, Wahyuningsih SPA, Susilo RJK, Husen SA, Winarni D, Doong RA, Darmanto W. Dual role of immunomodulation by crude polysaccharide from okra against carcinogenic liver injury in mice. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06183. [PMID: 33659734 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides have long been recognized as the anticancer agent with low toxicity and slight side effects. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), a flowering plant from the Malvaceae family that is found in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world. Hence, no in vivo studies have addressed the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of polysaccharides from okra pods grown in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the effect of okra raw polysaccharide extract (ORPE) to immune cells and cytokines of mice with hepatocarcinogenic conditions induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Thirty-six male mice (BALB/C, 3–4 months old) were divided into six groups: the normal control group (CN), negative control (C-), positive control giving doxorubicin (C+), and three groups of ORPE treatment given the dose of 50 (P1), 100 (P2) and 200 (P3) mg/kg body weight. The administration of ORPE directly suppressed the regulatory T cells accumulations, suppressed macrophages activations, and balanced the number of effector T cells. However, it promoted CD8+ T cell activation at a low dose and increased interleukin-2 levels at all doses. These results suggest that ORPE has unique dual-functions as immunosuppressant and immunostimulant which can be a foundation for the application of the ORPE in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Subramaniam N, Kannan P, Sundaram J, Mari A, Velli SK, Salam S, Krishnan P, Balaraman G, Thiruvengadam D. Potential Chemopreventive role of Boldine against Hepatocellular Carcinoma via modulation of Cell Cycle Proteins in Rat Model. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:2546-2552. [PMID: 33535961 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210203102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the chemopreventive potential of boldine against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in wistar albino rats. OBJECTIVE Boldine is an alkaloid isolated from Peumus boldus. The primary active constituents of boldine exhibited several potential medicinal properties. The present study was evaluated to explore the chemopreventive agent of boldine on anti-proliferative efficacy against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in wistar albino rats. METHODS The effect of boldine on cellular proliferative markers, i.e., PCNA and Ki67 on hepatocellular carcinoma rats was determined by immuno expression study. Liver marker enzymes, tumor biomarker, oxidative stress markers, anti-oxidant status and xenobiotic phase I and II enzymes in HCC rats were analyzed. Moreover, cell cycle proteins, i.e., p21Cip1/Kip1, p27 Cip1/Kip1, Cyclin D1, CDK 4, Cyclin E1, and CDK 2 were investigated using immuno expression analysis. RESULTS Treatment of boldine protected the liver against reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, protein carbonyl and lipid peroxide during hepatocarcinogenesis by boosted antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). Boldine caused substantial enhanced detoxification process by moderating phase I and II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. In addition, the study was found that boldine significantly inhibited the cellular proliferative markers like PCNA and Ki67 and regulated the specific cell cycle associated proteins by up-regulated expression of p21Cip1/Kip1 and p27 Cip1/Kip1 and down-regulated expression of Cyclin D1, CDK 4, Cyclin E1, and CDK 2. CONCLUSION Our data manifests the anti-proliferative effect of boldine, which negatively modulates cellular proliferation and regulates cell cycle by protecting the cell from reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that boldine establish it as a chemopreventive agent in diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
| | - Pugazhendhi Kannan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
| | - Jagan Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
| | - Ashok Mari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
| | - Sathesh K Velli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
| | - Sharmila Salam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
| | - Palanisamy Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
| | | | - Devaki Thiruvengadam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu. India
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Shen J, Yang B, Dai W, Yan J, Maimouni S, Daguplo HQ, Coppola S, Gao Y, Wang Y, Du Z, Peng K, Liu H, Zhang Q, Tang F, Wang P, Gao S, Wang Y, Ding WX, Guo G, Wang F, Zong WX. The Ubiquitin E3 Ligase TRIM21 Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis by Suppressing the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1369-85. [PMID: 33482392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TRIM21 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that is implicated in numerous biological processes including immune response, cell metabolism, redox homeostasis, and cancer development. We recently reported that TRIM21 can negatively regulate the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway by ubiquitylating p62 and prevents its oligomerization and protein sequestration function. As redox homeostasis plays a pivotal role in many cancers including liver cancer, we sought to determine the role of TRIM21 in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS We examined the correlation between TRIM21 expression and the disease using publicly available data sets and 49 cases of HCC clinical samples. We used TRIM21 genetic knockout mice to determine how TRIM21 ablation impact HCC induced by the carcinogen DEN plus phenobarbital (PB). We explored the mechanism that loss of TRIM21 protects cells from DEN-induced oxidative damage and cell death. RESULTS There is a positive correlation between TRIM21 expression and HCC. Consistently, TRIM21-knockout mice are resistant to DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. This is accompanied by decreased cell death and tissue damage upon DEN treatment, hence reduced hepatic tissue repair response and compensatory proliferation. Cells deficient in TRIM21 display enhanced p62 sequestration of Keap1 and are protected from DEN-induced ROS induction and cell death. Reconstitution of wild-type but not the E3 ligase-dead and the p62 binding-deficient mutant TRIM21 impedes the protection from DEN-induced oxidative damage and cell death in TRIM21-deficient cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased TRIM21 expression is associated with human HCC. Genetic ablation of TRIM21 leads to protection against oxidative hepatic damage and decreased hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting TRIM21 as a preventive and therapeutic target.
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Chariyakornkul A, Inboot N, Taya S, Wongpoomchai R. Low-polar extract from seed of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala modulates initiation and promotion stages of chemically-induced carcinogenesis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110963. [PMID: 33190034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala is a local fruit mainly cultivated in the north of Thailand. Our previous study has reported that the methanol extract of C. nervosum seed presented antimutagenicity in a Salmonella mutation assay. The present study focused on the effect of a low-polar extract of C. nervosum seed on the early stages of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)- and dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced carcinogenesis in rats. METHODS Dried C. nervosum seed powder was extracted using dichloromethane. To study its effect on the initiation stage of carcinogenesis of rats, they were fed with various doses of C. nervosum seed extract (CSE) for 21 days. DEN injection was used to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis and partial hepatectomy was performed to amplify mutated hepatocytes resulting in micronucleated hepatocyte formation. To study the role of CSE on the promotion stage, rats were injected with DEN and DMH to induce preneoplastic lesions and the numbers of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the liver and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon were measured. This was followed by CSE administration for 10 weeks. The inhibitory mechanisms of CSE on initiation and promotion stages, including xenobiotic metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis, were investigated. RESULTS The total phenolic content in CSE was 80.34 ± 2.29 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of extract and 2,4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone was found to be a major flavonoid. The main terpenoids in CSE were β-selinene, α-selinene, γ-selinene and o-cymene while 24(Z)-methyl-25-homocholesterol was a major phytosterol. CSE significantly decreased the number of micronucleated hepatocytes in DEN-initiated rats and enhanced the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Furthermore, the formation of preneoplastic lesions in the liver and colon was statistically reduced by CSE. CSE also diminished cell proliferation in the liver and colon indicated by the number of PCNA positive cells. However, CSE did not alter the numbers of apoptotic hepatocytes and colonocytes in DEN- and DMH-initiated rats. CONCLUSIONS The dichloromethane extract of C. nervosum seed demonstrated chemopreventive effects on chemically-induced carcinogenesis in both initiation and promotion stages in rats. The inhibitory mechanism might be involved in the modulation of hepatic detoxifying enzymes and suppression of hepatocyte and colonocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpamas Chariyakornkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Functional Food Research Unit, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Nichanan Inboot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sirinya Taya
- Functional Food Research Unit, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Haberl EM, Pohl R, Rein-Fischboeck L, Höring M, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Buechler C. Hepatic lipid profile in mice fed a choline-deficient, low-methionine diet resembles human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:250. [PMID: 33298075 PMCID: PMC7727224 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data support a role for lipids in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. With experimental models such data can be challenged or validated. Mice fed a low-methionine, choline-deficient (LMCD) diet develop NASH and, when injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), HCC. Here, lipidomic analysis was used to elucidate whether the NASH and HCC associated lipid derangements resemble the lipid profile of the human disease. METHODS Lipids were measured in the liver of mice fed a control or a LMCD diet for 16 weeks. DEN was injected at young age to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. DEN treatment associated changes of the lipid composition and the tumor lipidome were evaluated. RESULTS LMCD diet fed mice accumulated ceramides and triacylglycerols in the liver. Phospholipids enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids were also increased, whereas hepatic cholesterol levels remained unchanged in the LMCD model. Phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations declined in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice. The changes of most lipids associated with LMCD diet feeding were similar between water and DEN injected mice. Several polyunsaturated (PU) diacylglycerol species were already low in the liver of DEN injected mice fed the control diet. Tumors developed in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice injected with DEN. The tumor specific lipid profile, however, did not resemble the decrease of ceramides and PU phospholipids, which was consistently described in human HCC. Triacylglycerols declined in the cancer tissues, which is in accordance with a low expression of lipogenic enzymes in the tumors. CONCLUSIONS The LMCD model is suitable to study NASH associated lipid reprogramming. Hepatic lipid profile was modestly modified in the DEN injected mice suggesting a function of these derangements in carcinogenesis. Lipid composition of liver tumors did not resemble the human HCC lipidome, and most notably, lipogenesis and triacylglycerol levels were suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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Mahmoud YI, Shehata AMM, Fares NH, Mahmoud AA. Spirulina inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through activating p53 and apoptosis and suppressing oxidative stress and angiogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 265:118827. [PMID: 33253720 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most hepatocellular carcinoma cases are diagnosed at late stages of the disease, which makes it the second cause of cancer mortality worldwide. For advanced-stage patients, chemotherapeutic drugs are the best treatment option; however, their adverse effects and high cost are still major obstacles for effective treatment. Spirulina microalga is a rich source of nutritional and bioactive elements and potential pharmaceuticals, which has an -proliferative effect against several cancer cell lines. It also has a prophylactic effect against the early stages of some cancer models, including hepatocellular carcinoma. AIMS The present study was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic anticarcinogenic effect of spirulina against advanced murine hepatocellular carcinoma. MAIN METHODS Hepatocarcinoma was induced by a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) followed by 22 weekly injections of carbon-tetrachloride (0.5 mg/kg, i.p). Spirulina (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) was given orally, from week 25 to 28, after the establishment of hepatocellular carcinoma. KEY FINDINGS Spirulina inhibited HCC structural and functional alterations, manifested by improving the survival rate, significantly decreasing the tumor marker AFP, and the count and size of the hepatic nodules, as well as downstaging HCC. This was accompanied with the augmentation of the endogenous antioxidant capacity, apoptosis (Bax) and the tumor suppressor protein (p53), as well as the suppression of tissue levels of the lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) and neoangiogenesis marker (VEGF). SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, spirulina has an anticarcinogenic effect against advanced hepatocellular carcinoma exerted through activating the tumor suppressor protein p53 and apoptosis, and suppressing oxidative stress and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna I Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aya M M Shehata
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagui H Fares
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel-Monem NM, El-Saadani MA, Daba AS, Saleh SR, Aleem E. Exopolysaccharide-peptide complex from oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus) protects against hepatotoxicity in rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100852. [PMID: 33241128 PMCID: PMC7672269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver damage involves oxidative stress and a progression from chronic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The increased incidence of liver disease in Egypt and other countries in the last decade, coupled with poor prognosis, justify the critical need to introduce alternative chemopreventive agents that may protect against liver damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of exopolysaccharide-peptide (PSP) complex extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus as a hepatoprotective agent against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced hepatocellular damage in rats. The levels of liver injury markers (ALT, AST and ALP) were substantially increased following DEN/CCl4 treatment. DEN/CCl4 - induced oxidative stress was confirmed by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione. PSP reversed these alterations in the liver and serum, and provided protection evidenced by reversal of histopathological changes in the liver. The present study demonstrated that PSP extract from P. ostreatus exhibited hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects against DEN/CCl4-induced hepatocellular damage in rats. Given the high prevalence of HCV-related liver damage in Egypt, our results suggest further clinical evaluation of P. ostreatus extracts and their potential hepatoprotective effects in patients with liver disease. Polysaccharo-peptide complex from Pleurotus ostreatus in Egypt is cytotoxic in the liver cancer cell line HepG2 Polysaccharo-peptide complex protects against chemically induced liver damage in rats Polysaccharo-peptide complex activates the antioxidant system in the liver Polysaccharo-peptide complex reverses the chemically induced hematotoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad M Abdel-Monem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A El-Saadani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Samar R Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eiman Aleem
- Division of Human Sciences, Cancer Biology and Therapy Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Cheng Y, Chen T, Chen J. Erzhu Jiedu decoction ameliorates liver precancerous lesions in a rat model of liver cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:7302-7311. [PMID: 33193894 PMCID: PMC7646158 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Precancerous lesions are the intermediate stage in the development of liver cancer from cirrhosis. Early intervention measures can effectively prevent the occurrence of liver cancer and prolong the lives of patients, resulting in greater economic effects. Erzhu Jiedu decoction (EJD) is a semiempirical formula that is used in the treatment of cirrhosis and liver cancer according to the academic philosophy of "Preventive treatment of disease" and has achieved good curative effects in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EJD on liver precancerous lesions induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. The results showed that EJD improved the general conditions (body weight, ALT, AST, and GGT) and reduced the number of precancerous lesions in the rat model. Notably, the medium dose of EJD (1.05 g/kg) had better treatment effects than the low dose of EJD, and the high dose of EJD did not further improve the liver lesions compared to the medium dose of EJD. Moreover, EJD effectively reduced the DEN-induced GST-Pi, AFP, CK19, c-Myc, and Ki67 protein expression in liver precancerous tissues. Interestingly, EJD significantly reduced YAP and TAZ mRNA expression in the liver precancerous lesions. Collectively, EJD protects against in the initiation of liver cancer and the regulation of c-Myc and Hippo signaling pathways may be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of liver disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China.,Institute of liver disease, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Institute of liver disease, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- Department of liver disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China.,Institute of liver disease, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer related mortality with a 10 year survival rate of merely 22-35%. Tumorigenesis frequently occurs in patients with chronic liver disease where continued liver cell damage, compensatory proliferation and inflammation provide the basis for tumor initiation, promotion and progression. Animal models of HCC are particularly useful to better understand molecular events underlying liver tumorigenesis. To this end, chemical carcinogenesis protocols based on the injection of genotoxic compounds such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN) are widely used to model liver tumorigenesis in rodents. DEN injection into 2 week old mice is sufficient to cause liver tumorigenesis after 8-10 months. When injected into older mice, DEN has to be combined with administration of tumor promoting agents such as phenobarbital or feeding high fat diet. Such protocols allow to dissect the different steps of tumor formation (i.e., tumor initiation and promotion) experimentally and to model liver pathologies in mice which frequently lead to HCC in human patients such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we review several established chemical carcinogenesis protocols based on DEN injection into mice and discuss their advantages as well as potential limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schulien
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Liu XN, Kou BX, Chai MY, Chen DX. [Construction of apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 gene knockout mice and its effect on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2020; 28:784-789. [PMID: 33053979 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20190728-00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To construct apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) gene knockout mice using diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer model to study the biological functions of ASPP2. Methods: The sgRNA oligonucleotides were constructed, and ASPP2 knockout mice were prepared with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. PCR and sequencing methods were used to identify the genotypes of F0 and F1 generations and their progeny. DEN was used to induce ASPP2+/- mice to establish liver cancer model. Results: PCR and sequencing results showed that ASPP2 gene was successfully knocked out in F0 generation mice. The genotype of F1 generation mice was accorded with ASPP2+/- and had obtained stable heredity. The success rate of DEN-induced liver cancer model (7/8 and 3 / 8) of ASPP2 + /-mice obtained by self-hybridization of F1 generation was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice. Conclusion: ASPP2 knockout mice were successfully constructed based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The success rate of DEN-induced liver cancer model of ASPP2 knockout mice was significantly higher than that of the wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- X N Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - B X Kou
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - M Y Chai
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - D X Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Adelani I, Ogadi E, Onuzulu C, Rotimi O, Maduagwu E, Rotimi S. Dietary vitamin D ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory effects of diethylnitrosamine in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04842. [PMID: 32984584 PMCID: PMC7495049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Its implication in inflammation has suggested a possible link between oxidative stress and activation/release of cytokines in precancerous states. Recent observational studies have suggested an association between inflammation and vitamin D deficiency; hence, suggesting that vitamin D could play a role in the pathogenesis of diseases. This study examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of vitamin D in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Rats were divided into four experimental groups. While groups one and two were administered twice weekly with 30 mg/kg body weight DEN for six weeks, groups three and four were given normal saline. Groups one and three were fed with vitamin D deficient diet, while groups two and four were fed vitamin D diet during the experiment. After that, biomarkers of oxidative stress status were assayed spectrophotometrically. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DEN-induced vitamin D deficient diet group had increased antioxidant enzymes' activities. Also, there were elevated concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and inflammatory cytokines in the same group. Vitamin D diet, however, reduced oxidative stress effects through the reduction in the activities of TBARS and caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in nitric oxide concentration. Vitamin D diet significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the level of interleukin 1β and TNF-α produced in the deficiency state. These findings show that vitamin D may play an essential role in the regulation of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.B. Adelani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - E.O. Ogadi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - C. Onuzulu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O.A. Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - E.N. Maduagwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chrisland University, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - S.O. Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Hanna D, Sugamori KS, Bott D, Grant DM. The impact of sex on hepatotoxic, inflammatory and proliferative responses in mouse models of liver carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2020; 442:152546. [PMID: 32763287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death but is almost 4-fold more prevalent in men than in women. Increased risk in men may be due in part to elevated chronic inflammation, which is a crucial driving force for many cancers. Male mice also have a greater incidence of liver cancer than females after postnatal exposure to procarcinogens such as 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP) or diethylnitrosamine (DEN), or in mice that transgenically express hepatitis B virus (HBV) proteins. Liver damage, inflammation and proliferation are central to liver cancer development, and previous studies have shown that hepatocellular damage, inflammation and proliferation are acutely elevated to a greater extent in adult male mice than in females after high-dose exposure to DEN. In contrast, postnatal exposure of mice to tumor-inducing doses of either DEN or ABP produces no such acute responses. However, it is not known whether sex differences in responses to postnatal carcinogen exposure or to HBV protein expression may develop over time following sexual maturation. We conducted an extended time course study to compare markers of liver damage, inflammation and proliferation between male and female mice exposed postnatally to 600 nmol ABP or 10 mg/kg DEN, and also in HBV transgenic (HBVTg) mice, over the duration of time that mice are normally maintained for standard liver tumor development protocols. Postnatal exposure to either ABP or DEN produced no evidence of either acute or chronic hepatocyte damage, liver inflammation or proliferation in either male or female mice. In contrast, HBVTg mice showed increased liver damage, inflammation and proliferation with age, but with no observed sex difference. These findings suggest that although chronic liver damage, inflammation and proliferation may be drivers for liver cancer development, they are unlikely to contribute directly to observed sex differences in liver tumor risk.
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Abstract
β-Carotene exhibits antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities via a multitude of biochemical mechanisms. However, the action mechanism involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this carotene in chronic liver diseases is not fully understood. In the present investigation, we have attempted to outline a plausible mechanism of β-carotene action against liver fibrosis in albino Wistar rats. To induce hepatic fibrosis, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was administered in experimental rats for two weeks. DEN treated rats were divided into four groups, wherein each group comprised of five rats. β-Carotene supplement attenuated DEN-induced elevation in LFT markers (P < 0.05); averted depletion of glycogen (24%, P < 0.05) and, increased nitrite (P < 0.05), hydroxyproline (~67%, P < 0.05) and collagen levels (~65%, P < 0.05). Confocal microscopy of tissue sections stained with picrosirius red revealed accrued collagen in DEN-administered group, which was found to be reduced by β-carotene supplementation. Furthermore, β-carotene decreased the expression of iNOS/NOS-2 and NF-κB, as revealed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. Collectively, these results demonstrate that β-carotene mitigates experimental liver fibrosis via inhibition of iNOS and NF-κB in-vivo. Thus, β-carotene may be suggested as a possible nutraceutical to curb experimental liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Latief
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Hassanen NHM, Fahmi A, Shams-Eldin E, Abdur-Rahman M. Protective effect of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) against diethylnitrosamine-induced renal injury in rats. Biomarkers 2020; 25:281-289. [PMID: 32118487 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1737734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Context: The kidney plays a central role in detoxification and excretion of toxic metabolites, and therefore, is susceptible to toxicity by xenobiotics.Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) powder and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced renal injury in rats.Materials and methods: Phenolic and flavonoid components were characterised in rosemary powder using HPLC-UV instrument while rosemary essential oil (E.O) was investigated via GC-MS technique. In rat model, rosemary was administrated orally (in diet) for two months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, kidney functions and histopathological examinations were assessed.Results: Hesperidin (4878.88 ppm) and ellagic acid (403.57 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in rosemary powder. Camphor (18.36%) and α-pinene (12.74%) represent the main E.O active ingredients. Rats treated with rosemary E.O showed a significant elevation in serum HDL (28.28%) accompanied by a decrease in LDL (115.47%). A significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea was also reported (69.72 and 109.89%, respectively). Moreover, serum glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) activity has been significantly increased. Kidney histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against DEN-induced abnormalities.Conclusion: Rosemary (powder/E.O) was able to reduce or even prevent the severity of diethylnitrosamine-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa H M Hassanen
- Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelgawad Fahmi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy Shams-Eldin
- Special Food and Nutrition Department, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Zhang X, Cao L, Ji B, Li L, Qi Z, Ding S. Endurance training but not high-intensity interval training reduces liver carcinogenesis in mice with hepatocellular carcinogen diethylnitrosamine. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110853. [PMID: 31987916 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity may reduce cancer initiation. High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been reported to be superior to moderate continuous endurance training (ET) for maximizing health outcomes in cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the role of HIT vs. ET in the prevention of liver cancer is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine how HIT vs. ET affects cancer initiation in mice with the hepatocellular carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). C57BL/6 mice were treated with DEN at 3-12 weeks of age and, from 8 to 26 weeks of age, treated with either of exercise modes on treadmill: HIT (85-90% VO2max with intervals) and ET (65-75% VO2max without intervals). We found that mice treated with ET had lower cancer initiation but higher fat mass compared to control DEN-injected mice. In contrast, HIT could not significantly reduce cancer initiation and tumor volumes. Metabolomic analysis in the liver indicated marked differences in cholesterol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, uracil, hydroxypyridine and maltose between HIT- and ET-treated mice, and demonstrated good and obvious separation between ET and DEN control group. Furthermore, mice treated with ET had lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-proliferation genes in liver compared to DEN control group. ET protocol reduced the accumulation of toxic metabolite carbamate, increased the protein level of caspase-1, and reduced JNK phosphorylation in liver. These data indicates that moderate-intensity endurance training may be superior to high-intensity interval training for reducing liver cancer initiation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Xuhui Campus, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lu Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Benlong Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Hegazy RR, Mansour DF, Salama AA, Abdel-Rahman RF, Hassan AM. Regulation of PKB/Akt-pathway in the chemopreventive effect of lactoferrin against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:879-891. [PMID: 31442665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of protein kinase B (PKB) is associated with many cancers. This makes inhibition of PKB signaling pathway a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Lactoferrin (Lf) has been reported for its inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, however, the mechanism is not completely understood. Its anti-hepatocarcinogenic activity has not taken the deserved recognition despite the additional advantages of Lf as an antiviral against hepatitis C virus, the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and as a targeting ligand for delivering chemotherapeutics to hepatoma cells. METHODS This study evaluated the anti-hepatocarcinogenic effect of Lf, and the role of PKB in this effect using diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC rat model, and a primary cell culture prepared from the induced hepatic lesions (DENA-HCC cell culture). RESULTS Up-regulation of activated PKB in the hepatocytes of rats with DENA-induced HCC was observed, as measured biochemically in the liver homogenate, and localized immunohistochemically. This was accompanied by increment of hepatocytes proliferation, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Involvement of PKB in DENA-induced HCC was confirmed by the observed decrease in cell proliferation in DENA-HCC cell culture that was treated with PKB inhibitor. In Lf-treated rats, a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect was observed, with decreased expression and activation of PKB, amelioration of the other DENA-induced alterations, and stimulation of apoptosis. In vitro, Lf blocked PKB activator-induced cell proliferation. CONCLUSION These findings support the chemopreventive activity of Lf against HCC, and suggest regulation of PKB-pathway as a potential mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab R Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dina F Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Mukherjee D, Ahmad R. COX-2/iNOS regulation during experimental hepatic injury and its mitigation by cloudy apple juice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:1006-1017. [PMID: 31445146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of enzymes and transcription factors have been correlated with disease etiology. In this study, involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible-nitric oxide synthase is examined during diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic injury and cloudy apple juice (CAJ) supplementation. Liver injury was administered in rats by single dose of DEN (10 ml/kg bwt of 1% DEN), while 10 ml/kg bwt CAJ daily was given after 2 h of latency in DEN-treated animals for two weeks. CAJ was characterized by HPLC and subsequently examined for antioxidant power. During the course of treatment liver function, collagen (hydroxyproline), malondialdehyde, protein oxidation, antioxidant enzymes, ATPases, nitrite levels were investigated along with liver histopathology and electron microscopy. COX-2 and iNOS proteins were also localized in liver specimens. The results demonstrated rich polyphenols and antioxidant activity in CAJ. CAJ supplementation significantly restored liver biochemistry and anatomy as revealed by the refurbished investigated parameters. CAJ treatment also declined COX-2 and iNOS activities in injured animals. Electron microscopy demonstrated rejuvenated hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, RER, mitochondria and nucleus in CAJ supplemented animals. The novel outcomes of this study suggest that CAJ potentiates hepatoprotection by stimulating antioxidant power and regulating the COX-2 and iNOS proteins in the liver during experimental liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devoshree Mukherjee
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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