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Ren X, Xie Z, Wang H, Wang L, Gao Z, Ma H, Zhang N, Fan D, Wei Q, Ju H. Ternary electrochemiluminescence quenching effects of CuFe 2O 4@PDA-MB towards self-enhanced Ru(dcbpy) 32+ functionalized 2D metal-organic layer and application in carcinoembryonic antigen immunosensing. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342091. [PMID: 38182343 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a significant glycosylated protein, and the unusual expression of CEA in human serum is used as a tumor marker in the clinical diagnosis of many cancers. Although scientists have reported many ways to detect CEA in recent years, such as electrochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, and fluorescence, their operation is complex and sensitivity is average. Therefore, finding a convenient method to accurately detect CEA is significance for the prevention of malignant tumors. With high sensitivity, quick reaction, and low background, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has emerged as an essential method for the detection of tumor markers in blood. RESULTS In this work, a "signal on-off" ECL immunosensor for sensitive analysis of CEA ground on the ternary extinction effects of CuFe2O4@PDA-MB towards a self-enhanced Ru(dcbpy)32+ functionalized metal-organic layer [(Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd] was prepared. The high ECL efficiency of (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd originated from the dual intramolecular self-catalysis, including intramolecular co-reaction between polyethylenimine (PEI) and Ru(dcbpy)32+. At the same time, loading Pd NPs onto (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI could not only improve the electron transfer ability of (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI, but also provide more active sites for the reaction of Ru(dcbpy)32+ and PEI. In the presence of CEA, CuFe2O4@PDA-MB-Ab2 efficiently quenches the excited states of (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd by PDA, Cu2+, and methylene blue (MB) via energy and electron transfer, leading to an ECL signal decrease. Under optimal conditions, the proposed CEA sensing strategy showed satisfactory properties ranging from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 20 fg mL-1. SIGNIFICANCE The (Hf)MOL-Ru-PEI-Pd and CuFe2O4@PDA-MB were prepared in this work might open up innovative directions to synthesize luminescence-functionalized MOLs and effective quencher. Besides, the ECL quenching mechanism of Ru(dcbpy)32+ by MB was successfully explained by the inner filter effect (ECL-IFE). At last, the proposed immunosensor exhibits excellent repeatability, stability, and selectivity, and may provide an attractive way for CEA and other disease markers determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Zuoxun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, School of Mechanical Engineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), PR China
| | - Zhongfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Dawei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Alhetheel A, Albarrag A, Shakoor Z, Somily A, Barry M, Altalhi H, Bakhrebah M, Nassar M, Alfageeh M, Assiri A, Alfaraj S, Memish ZA. Differential expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-5 (CEACAM5) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) with detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in peripheral blood. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1315-1320. [PMID: 36279687 PMCID: PMC9576204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) utilizes CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) and CD66e or CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5) receptors for cell infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a critical role in mounting adaptive immune response against the virus. This study was performed to assess the expression of CD26 and CD66e on PBMCs and their susceptibility to MERS-CoV infection. METHODS Surface expression of CD26 and CD66e receptors on PBMCs from MERS-CoV patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) was assessed by flow cytometry and the soluble forms were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MERS-CoV UpE and Orf1a genes in PBMCs were detected by using Altona diagnostics reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit. RESULTS Mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD66e was significantly higher on CD4 + lymphocytes (462.4 ± 64.35 vs 325.1 ± 19.69; p < 0.05) and CD8 + lymphocytes (533.8 ± 55.32 vs 392.4 ± 37.73; p < 0.04) from patients with MERS-CoV infection compared to the normal controls. No difference in MFI for CD66e was observed on monocytes (381.8 ± 40.34 vs 266.8 ± 20.6; p = 0.3) between the patients and controls. Soluble form of CD66e among MERS-CoV patients was also higher than the normal controls (mean= 338.7 ± 58.75 vs 160.7 ± 29.49 ng/mL; p < 0.01). Surface expression of CD26 on PBMCs and its soluble form were no different between the groups. MERS-CoV was detected by RT-PCR in 16/20 (80%) patients from whole blood, among them 8 patients were tested in PBMCs, 4/8 (50%) patients were positive. CONCLUSION Increased expression levels of CD66e (CEACAM5) may contribute to increased susceptibility of PBMCs to MERS-CoV infection and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Alhetheel
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shakoor
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Somily
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin Barry
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifa Altalhi
- King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Majed Nassar
- King Abdulaziz city for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alfageeh
- King Abdulaziz city for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed Assiri
- Critical Care Unit, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alfaraj
- Corona Center, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Erickson TA, Shih YP, Fass J, Jang M, Tran E. T Cells Engineered to Express Immunoreceptors Targeting the Frequently Expressed Medullary Thyroid Cancer Antigens Calcitonin, CEA, and RET M918T. Thyroid 2022; 32:789-798. [PMID: 35587601 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignancy originating from the calcitonin-producing C cells of the thyroid. Despite recent therapeutic advances, metastatic MTC remains incurable. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using genetically engineered T cells targeting either tissue-restricted tumor-associated antigens or mutated neoantigens has led to durable remissions in other metastatic solid tumors. The majority of MTC express the tumor-associated antigens calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and ∼40% of MTC harbor the RET M918T oncogenic driver mutation. Methods: We developed and characterized three immunoreceptors that recognize extracellular CEA, a calcitonin epitope presented by HLA-A*24:02, or an RET M918T neoepitope restricted by HLA-DPB1*04:01/02. The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CEA was synthetically designed, while the T cell receptors (TCRs) targeting calcitonin and RET M918T were isolated from a transgenic mouse and patient with MTC, respectively. These immunoreceptors were genetically engineered into peripheral blood T cells and tested for antigen specificity and antitumor activity. Results: T cells expressing the anti-CEA CAR or the calcitonin-reactive TCR produced effector cytokines and displayed cytotoxicity against cell lines expressing their cognate antigen in vitro. In immunodeficient mice harboring a human MTC cell line, the adoptive transfer of T cells engineered to express the anti-CEA CAR or calcitonin-reactive TCR led to complete tumor regression. T cells expressing the HLA-DPB1*04:01/02-restricted TCR targeting RET M918T, which was cloned from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of a patient with MTC, demonstrated specific reactivity against cells pulsed with the mutated peptide and MTC tumor cells that expressed HLA-DPB1*04:01 and RET M918T. Conclusion: The preclinical data presented herein demonstrate the potential of using genetically engineered T cells targeting CEA, calcitonin, and/or RET M918T to treat metastatic MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Andrew Erickson
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Shih
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph Fass
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Myungkyu Jang
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric Tran
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Zhang X, Li J, Wang Y, Liu M, Liu F, Zhang X, Pei L, Wang T, Jiang D, Wang X, Zhang J, Dai L. A Diagnostic Model With IgM Autoantibodies and Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Early Detection of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 12:728853. [PMID: 35140701 PMCID: PMC8818794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies, as the early appearing antibodies in humoral immunity when stimulated by antigens, might be excellent biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer (LC). We aimed to develop a multi-analyte integrative model combining IgM autoantibodies and a traditional tumor biomarker that could be a valuable and powerful auxiliary diagnostic tool and might improve the accuracy of early detection of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A customized protein array based on cancer driver genes was constructed and applied in the discovery cohort consisting of 68 LUAD patients and 68 normal controls (NCs); 31 differentially expressed IgM autoantibodies were identified. The top 5 candidate IgM autoantibodies [based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranking], namely, TSHR, ERBB2, survivin, PIK3CA, and JAK2, were validated in the validation cohort using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which included 147 LUAD samples, 72 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples, 44 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) samples, and 147 NCs. These indicators presented diagnostic capacity for LUAD, with AUCs of 0.599, 0.613, 0.579, 0.601, and 0.633, respectively (p < 0.05). However, none of them showed a significant difference between the SCLC and NC groups, and only the IgM autoantibody against JAK2 showed a higher expression in LUSC than in NC (p = 0.046). Through logistic regression analysis, with the five IgM autoantibodies and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one diagnostic model was constructed for LUAD. The model yielded an AUC of 0.827 (sensitivity = 56.63%, specificity = 93.98%). The diagnostic efficiency was superior to that of either CEA (AUC = 0.692) or IgM autoantibodies alone (AUC = 0.698). Notably, the accuracy of this model in early-stage LUAD reached 83.02%. In conclusion, we discovered and identified five novel IgM indicators and developed a multi-analyte model combining IgM autoantibodies and CEA, which could be a valuable and powerful auxiliary diagnostic tool and might improve the accuracy of early detection of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fenghui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Dai,
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García-Maceira T, García-Maceira FI, González-Reyes JA, Torres-Sánchez LA, Aragón-Gómez AB, García-Rubiño ME, Paz-Rojas E. Covalent Immobilization of Antibodies through Tetrazine-TCO Reaction to Improve Sensitivity of ELISA Technique. Biosensors 2021; 11:bios11120524. [PMID: 34940281 PMCID: PMC8699711 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is routinely used to detect biomolecules related to several diseases facilitating diagnosis and monitoring of these, as well as the possibility of decreasing their mortality rate. Several methods have been carried out to improve the ELISA sensitivity through antibodies immobilization on the microtiter plates. Here, we have developed a strategy of antibodies immobilization to improve the ELISA sensitivity increasing the antibody density surface through the tetrazine (Tz)-trans-cyclooctene (TCO) reaction. For this, we prepared surfaces with tetrazine groups while the captured antibody was conjugated with TCO. The tetrazine surfaces were prepared in two different ways: (1) from aminated plates and (2) from Tz-BSA-coated plates. The surfaces were evaluated using two sandwich ELISA models, one of them using the low-affinity antibody anti-c-myc as a capture antibody to detect the c-myc-GST-IL8h recombinant protein, and the other one to detect the carcinoembryonic human protein (CEA). The sensitivity increased in both surfaces treated with tetrazine in comparison with the standard unmodified surface. The c-myc-GST-IL8h detection was around 10-fold more sensible on both tetrazine surfaces, while CEA ELISA detection increased 12-fold on surfaces coated with Tz-BSA. In conclusion, we show that it is possible to improve the ELISA sensitivity using this immobilization system, where capture antibodies bond covalently to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania García-Maceira
- Canvax Biotech, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Orión, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (F.I.G.-M.); (L.A.T.-S.); (A.B.A.-G.); (E.P.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fé I. García-Maceira
- Canvax Biotech, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Orión, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (F.I.G.-M.); (L.A.T.-S.); (A.B.A.-G.); (E.P.-R.)
| | - José A. González-Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Luis A. Torres-Sánchez
- Canvax Biotech, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Orión, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (F.I.G.-M.); (L.A.T.-S.); (A.B.A.-G.); (E.P.-R.)
| | - Ana Belén Aragón-Gómez
- Canvax Biotech, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Orión, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (F.I.G.-M.); (L.A.T.-S.); (A.B.A.-G.); (E.P.-R.)
| | | | - Elier Paz-Rojas
- Canvax Biotech, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Rabanales 21, c/Astrónoma Cecilia Payne s/n, Edificio Orión, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (F.I.G.-M.); (L.A.T.-S.); (A.B.A.-G.); (E.P.-R.)
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Lwin TM, Turner MA, Amirfakhri S, Nishino H, Debie P, Cosman BC, Hoffman RM, Hernot S, Bouvet M. Rapid tumor-labeling kinetics with a site-specific near-infrared anti-CEA nanobody in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model of colon cancer. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:1121-1127. [PMID: 34309885 PMCID: PMC8556245 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nanobodies are the smallest biologic antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid-derived antibodies. Nanobodies effect a peak tumor signal within minutes of injection and present a novel opportunity for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). The present study demonstrates the efficacy of an anti-CEA nanobody conjugated to near-infrared fluorophore LICOR-IRDye800CW for rapid intraoperative tumor labeling of colon cancer. METHODS LS174T human colon cancer cells or fragments of patient-derived colon cancer were implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically in nude mice. Anti-CEA nanobodies were conjugated with IRDye800CW and 1-3 nmol were injected intravenously. Mice were serially imaged over time. Peak fluorescence signal and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) were recorded. RESULTS Colon cancer tumors were detectable using fluorescent anti-CEA nanobody within 5 min of injection at all three doses. Maximal fluorescence intensity was observed within 15 min-3 h for all three doses with TBR values ranging from 1.3 to 2.3. In the patient-derived model of colon cancer, fluorescence was detectable with a TBR of 4.6 at 3 h. CONCLUSIONS Fluorescent anti-CEA nanobodies rapidly and specifically labeled colon cancer in cell-line-based and patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models. The kinetics of nanobodies allow for same day administration and imaging. Anti-CEA-nb-800 is a promising and practical molecule for FGS of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar M. Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A. Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pieterjan Debie
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY-MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bard C. Cosman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY-MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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Huang L, Zeng Y, Liu X, Tang D. Pressure-Based Immunoassays with Versatile Electronic Sensors for Carcinoembryonic Antigen Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:46440-46450. [PMID: 34547887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-based immunoassays have been studied for point-of-care testing for which increasing the sensitivity is still a challenge. In this study, we described an enhanced pressure-based immunoassay with a versatile electronic sensor for the sensitive biological analysis. The versatile electronic sensor had multifunctional sensing capabilities with temperature and pressure recording. Magnetic bead-modified capture antibody and platinum nanoparticle-labeled detection antibody were used as the biorecognition element of the target carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (as a model analyte) and would form a sandwich-type immune complex with CEA. After simple magnetic separation, this complex was transferred into the detection chamber, which contained both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). With the catalytic ability of PtNPs, the "H2O2-TMB-PtNPs" system was catalyzed to generate a large amount of oxygen (O2) and photothermal agent of oxidizer TMB (ox-TMB). Meanwhile, in a sealed chamber, further irradiation with an 808 nm near-infrared laser led to a triple-step signal amplification strategy of pressure increase, temperature increase, and gas thermal expansion to receive a strong electrical signal through the electronic sensor in real time. Thus, the amplified electrical signal from the electronic sensor could reveal the target concentration. In addition, we also verified that the synergistic system with two physical quantities had a lower limit of detection and a wider detection range compared to the detection system with a single physical quantity. In general, this immunoassay not only helped in exploring an effective signal amplification pathway but also offered an opportunity for the development of versatile electronic sensors in point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, P. R. China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 402260, P. R. China
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Stoltzfus CR, Sivakumar R, Kunz L, Olin Pope BE, Menietti E, Speziale D, Adelfio R, Bacac M, Colombetti S, Perro M, Gerner MY. Multi-Parameter Quantitative Imaging of Tumor Microenvironments Reveals Perivascular Immune Niches Associated With Anti-Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726492. [PMID: 34421928 PMCID: PMC8375665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are populated by a multitude of immune cell types with varied phenotypic and functional properties, which can either promote or inhibit anti-tumor responses. Appropriate localization and function of these cells within tumors is critical for protective immunity, with CD8 T cell infiltration being a biomarker of disease outcome and therapeutic efficacy. Recent multiplexed imaging approaches have revealed highly complex patterns of localization for these immune cell subsets and the generation of distinct tumor microenvironments (TMEs), which can vary among cancer types, individuals, and within individual tumors. While it is recognized that TMEs play a pivotal role in disease progression, a better understanding of their composition, organization, and heterogeneity, as well as how distinct TMEs are reshaped with immunotherapy, is necessary. Here, we performed spatial analysis using multi-parameter confocal imaging, histocytometry, and CytoMAP to study the microanatomical organization of immune cells in two widely used preclinical cancer models, the MC38 colorectal and KPC pancreatic murine tumors engineered to express human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Immune responses were examined in either unperturbed tumors or after immunotherapy with a CEA T cell bispecific (CEA-TCB) surrogate antibody and anti-PD-L1 treatment. CEA-TCB mono and combination immunotherapy markedly enhanced intra-tumoral cellularity of CD8 T cells, dominantly driven by the expansion of TCF1-PD1+ effector T cells and with more minor increases in TCF1+PD1+ resource CD8 T cells. The majority of infiltrating T cells, particularly resource CD8 T cells, were colocalized with dendritic cells (DCs) or activated MHCII+ macrophages, but largely avoided the deeper tumor nest regions composed of cancer cells and non-activated macrophages. These myeloid cell - T cell aggregates were found in close proximity to tumor blood vessels, generating perivascular immune niches. This perivascular TME was present in untreated samples and markedly increased after CEA-TCB therapy, with its relative abundance positively associated with response to therapy. Together, these studies demonstrate the utility of advanced spatial analysis in cancer research by revealing that blood vessels are key organizational hubs of innate and adaptive immune cells within tumors, and suggesting the likely relevance of the perivascular immune TME in disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R. Stoltzfus
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ramya Sivakumar
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Leo Kunz
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Brandy E. Olin Pope
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elena Menietti
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dario Speziale
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Adelfio
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Colombetti
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Mario Perro
- Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael Y. Gerner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Huang J, Jiao L, Xu W, Fang Q, Wang H, Cai X, Yan H, Gu W, Zhu C. Immobilizing Enzymes on Noble Metal Hydrogel Nanozymes with Synergistically Enhanced Peroxidase Activity for Ultrasensitive Immunoassays by Cascade Signal Amplification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:33383-33391. [PMID: 34232027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization plays an essential role in solving the problems of the inherently fragile nature of enzymes. Although prominent stability and reuse of enzymes can be achieved by enzyme immobilization, their bioactivity and catalytic efficiency will be adversely affected. Herein, PdCu hydrogel nanozymes with a hierarchically porous structure were used to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to obtain PdCu@HRP. In addition to the improvement of stability and reusability, PdCu@HRP displayed synergistically enhanced activities than native HRP and PdCu hydrogels. Not only the specific interactions between PdCu hydrogel nanozymes and enzymes but also the enrichment of substrates around enzymes by electrostatic adsorption of hydrogels was proposed to expound the enhanced catalytic activity. Accordingly, by taking advantage of the excellent catalytic performance of the PdCu@HRP and the glucose oxidase encapsulated in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, colorimetric biosensing of the carcinoembryonic antigen via catalytic cascade reactions for achieving signal amplification was performed. The obtained biosensor enhanced the detection sensitivity by approximately 6.1-fold as compared to the conventional HRP-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, demonstrating the promising potential in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hengjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongye Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wenling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Cai X, Lv F, Lai G, Fu L, Lin CT, Yu A. Dually enhanced homogenous synthesis of molybdophosphate by hybridization chain reaction and enzyme nanotags for the electrochemical bioassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:361. [PMID: 32468206 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic bead (MB)-based sandwich biorecognition reactions is combined with a gold nanoprobe-induced homogenous synthesis of molybdophosphate to develop a novel bioassay method for the electrochemical detection of the tumor biomarker of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The nanoprobe is prepared through the specific loading of numerous alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) produced by the CEA aptamer-triggered hybridization chain reaction (HCR). Both the large amounts of PO43- produced by the ALP catalytic hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and the phosphate backbones of dsDNA can react with the added MoO42- to generate electroactive molybdophosphates. So, the gold nanoprobe was used for signal tracing of the sandwich bioassay of CEA at a constructed antibody-functionalized MB platform. The sensitive electrochemical measurement of molybdophosphate produced from the quantitatively captured nanoprobes at a carbon nanotube-modified electrode (measured at about 0.12 V vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl) enabled the convenient signal transduction of the method. Due to the dually enhanced synthesis of molybdophosphate by the HCR and multi-enzyme Au NP nanotags, this method shows a wide linear range from 0.05 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 along with a low detection limit of 0.027 pg mL-1. In addition, the MB-based biorecognition reaction and the homogeneous synthesis of molybdophosphate are much convenient in manipulations. These excellent performances decide the extensive application potentials of the method. Graphical abstract A magnetic bead-based bioassay method was simply developed for the electrochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. The dually enhanced homogenous synthesis of molybdophosphate by hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and enzyme nanotags and the sensitive electrochemical measurement of molybdophosphate at a carbon nanotube (CNT)-electrode enable ultrasensitive signal transduction of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Fuhui Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Guosong Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China.
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Aimin Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, Department of Chemistry, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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Jekarl DW, Lee S, Park HI, Chae HJ, Kim M, Kim Y. Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of Chemiluminescent Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) by HISCL-5000 Immunoanalyzer. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:417-422. [PMID: 32581038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is coupled with a diagnosis and prognosis for cancers METHODS: The analytical performance of CEA by chemiluminescent immunoassay (HISCL-5000, Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) was evaluated on the basis of precision, linearity, trueness, and method comparison. Clinical evaluation was performed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) curve analysis for lung, stomach and colorectal cancers. RESULTS Total coefficient of variation (CV) (5.039% to 5.632%), linearity (0.5 to 982 ng/mL) and the percentage bias by trueness verification were less than desirable specifications for imprecision (6.4%) and bias (14.3%). The regression equation was y=0.354+0.957x(r=0.968) from method comparison. AUROC for lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers compared with normal healthy control ranged from 0.908 to 0.967 (cut-off 4.50 to 4.71 ng/mL), and compared with non-malignant benign disease, ranged from 0.578 to 0.721 (cut-off 8 to 20.70 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS CEA by HISCL-5000 immunoassay provided reliable performance. Comorbidities should be considered for interpretation of CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Jekarl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Seungok Lee
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Hae-Il Park
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital
- Laboratory for Development and Evaluation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
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Mastroianni A, Tagliabue E, Centis F, Pellegrini R, Martignone S, Ménard S, Colnaghi MI. Study of a soluble tumor-associated marker composed of CEA related molecules recognized by three monoclonal antibodies. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 7:21-6. [PMID: 1374783 DOI: 10.1177/172460089200700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three MAbs, MLuC2, MLuC8 and MLuC9, directed against a molecule that is produced and secreted by carcinoma cells were studied with the aim of developing a double-determinant immunoradiometric assay (DDIRMA). We demonstrated by means of immunoblotting, immunodepletion and DDIRMA techniques, that MLuC9 reacted against the CEA molecule, whereas MLuC2 and MLuC8 reacted against a 90 Kd molecule related to CEA. The DDIRMA performed with the anti-CEA as a catcher MAb and the anti-90 Kd as a tracer MAb was found to be positive with the HT29 soluble extract, which suggests the existence of CEA/90 Kd dimeric molecules. The same reactivity was found when sera from patients with lung carcinomas were tested, which excludes that this molecule could be an artefact due to the cell solubilization procedures. The association between CEA and the 90 Kd molecule was further confirmed by immunodepletion experiments in which the immunoprecipitation with one MAb not only removed the recognized molecule, but also partially immunodepleted the material from the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mastroianni
- Division of Experimental Oncology E, National Tumor Institute, Milano, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Synthetic peptides representing different areas of the CEA molecule were used as immunogens for the development of anti-CEA antibodies. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were generated using peptides composed of CEA amino acid positions 99–128 and 585–613, respectively. One MAb, designated CP4, generated using the CEA peptide 99–128, was chosen for a more detailed analysis of reactivity. MAb CP4 reacts in solid phase RIAs with CEA peptide 99–128 immunogen and purified native CEA. CP4 did not react with purified non- specific cross reacting antigen (NCA), even though there were two single amino acid differences between NCA and CEA in the 29 amino acid peptide. The affinity constants of CP4 for the CEA peptide 99–128 and native CEA are 4.07 × 109M−1and 5.75 × 108M−1, respectively. When CP4 was reacted with purified CEA in Western blotting experiments, the Mr 180,000 glycoprotein characteristic of CEA was detected, but CP4 reacted to various size entities in tumor cell extracts. The results of liquid competition RIAs showed that the epitope that MAb CP4 recognized on native CEA is not available for binding when CEA is in solution. Physical (adsorption to a solid matrix) or chemical (deglycosylation or formalin-fixation) alteration of CEA is required for binding of CP4 to CEA. MAb CP4 reacted approximately 1,000-fold greater to deglycosylated CEA than native CEA. Immunohistochemical studies using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections demonstrated that, among carcinomas, CP4 reacts selectively with colorectal carcinomas, while normal colon is negative. Although stomach carcinoma is negative, dysplastic lesions and areas of intestinal metaplasia are reactive. Two of 7 normal stomach tissues showed focal cytoplasmic reactivity of the surface epithelium. CP4, therefore, appears to react with an epitope with highly restricted expression in colorectal carcinoma. These studies demonstrate the complexities in dealing with an anti-peptide MAb with reactivity to an epitope which is accessible only under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Horan Hand
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Zhang W, Song Y, He S, Shang L, Ma R, Jia L, Wang H. Perylene diimide as a cathodic electrochemiluminescence luminophore for immunoassays at low potentials. Nanoscale 2019; 11:20910-20916. [PMID: 31660563 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field, most reported luminophores produced ECL emission at high potentials (more than -1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl), which was adverse for both fundamental studies and practical application. It was important to screen novel ECL luminophores and coreactants for the development of ECL. In this work, N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PDI-CH3) is reported to produce ECL at -0.47 V using K2S2O8 as a coreactant in an aqueous system. In addition, the ECL wavelength was 689 nm, which was interpreted with the emission of excited PDI-CH3 dimers. Finally, this low-triggering-potential ECL system was used to construct sandwiched immunosensors to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with the potential range from 0 to -0.8 V. In this immunosensor, PDI-CH3 and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) reduced by citrate were grafted onto graphite oxide (GO) to label secondary antibodies (Ab2). This immunosensor could sensitively detect CEA with the linear response range between 1 fg mL-1 and 1 μg mL-1 and detection limit 0.29 fg mL-1. In addition, this immunosensor showed good feasibility in various cancer serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Yue Song
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Rongna Ma
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
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Chi X, Yang P, Zhang E, Gu J, Xu H, Li M, Gao X, Li X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Hu J. Significantly increased anti-tumor activity of carcinoembryonic antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells in combination with recombinant human IL-12. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4753-4765. [PMID: 31237116 PMCID: PMC6712469 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background aims Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T cells) have been successfully used in treatments of hematological tumors, however, their anti‐tumor activity in solid tumor treatments was limited. As IL‐12 increases T‐cell immune functions, we designed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) specific CAR‐T (CEA‐CAR‐T) cells and, for the first time, used them in combination with recombinant human IL‐12 (rhIL‐12) to treat several types of solid tumors. Methods In vitro anti‐tumor activity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 was confirmed by evaluation of CEA‐CAR‐T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity after co‐incubation with CEA‐positive or CEA‐negative human tumor cells. In vivo anti‐tumor activity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 was confirmed in a xenograft model in nude mice for treatments of several types of solid tumors. Results In vitro experiments confirmed that rhIL‐12 significantly increased the activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of CEA‐CAR‐T cells. Similarly, in vivo experiments found that CEA‐CAR‐T cells in combination with rhIL‐12 had significantly enhanced anti‐tumor activity than CEA‐CAR‐T cells in growth inhibition of newly colonized colorectal cancer cell HT‐29, pancreatic cancer cell AsPC‐1, and gastric cancer cell MGC803. Conclusions These works confirmed that simultaneous use of cytokines, for example, rhIL‐12, can increase the anti‐tumor activity of CAR‐T cells, especially for treatments of several types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chi
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- Development Center for Medicine Science and TechnologyNational Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingP. R. China
| | - Peiwei Yang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Erhao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Jieyi Gu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Xinmei Gao
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Jialiang Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingP. R. China
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Ganganboina AB, Doong RA. Graphene Quantum Dots Decorated Gold-Polyaniline Nanowire for Impedimetric Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7214. [PMID: 31076624 PMCID: PMC6510894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on N, S-graphene quantum dots@Au-polyaniline (N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI) nanowires was fabricated for the quantitative detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The N, S-GQDs and Au-PANI were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal pyrolysis and interfacial polymerization, respectively. Subsequently, 2-9 nm N, S-GQDs are successfully decorated onto 30-50 nm Au-PANI nanowires by Au-thiol linkage to serve as the bifunctional probe for amplifying the electrochemical activity as well as anchoring anti-CEA. The N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI nanowires are excellent conducting materials to accelerate the electron transfer, while the formation of CEA antibody-antigen bioconjugates after the addition of CEA significantly increase the charge transfer resistance, and subsequently provides a highly stable and label-free immunoassay platform for the impedimetric detection of CEA. The label-free immunosensor exhibits a wide linear range from 0.5 to 1000 ng mL-1 with a low detection limit of 0.01 ng mL-1. The N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI based immunosensor also shows high selectivity and stability over other cancer makers and amino acids. Moreover, this promising platform is successfully applied to the detection of CEA in human serum samples with excellent recovery of (96.0 ± 2.6)-(103 ± 3.8)%. These results clearly demonstrate a newly developed highly efficient and label-free impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of CEA using N, S-GQDs@Au-PANI nanowires as the biosensing probe, which can pave the gateway for the fabrication of high performance and robust impedimetric immunosensor to detect cancer makers in early stage of cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Babu Ganganboina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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Idris AO, Mabuba N, Arotiba OA. An Exfoliated Graphite-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor on a Dendrimer/Carbon Nanodot Platform for the Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cancer Biomarker. Biosensors (Basel) 2019; 9:E39. [PMID: 30857164 PMCID: PMC6468524 DOI: 10.3390/bios9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical immunosensor for the quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using a nanocomposite of polypropylene imine dendrimer (PPI) and carbon nanodots (CNDTs) on an exfoliated graphite electrode (EG) is reported. The carbon nanodots were prepared by pyrolysis of oats. The nanocomposites (PPI and CNDTs) were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proposed immunosensor was prepared on an exfoliated graphite electrode sequentially by drop coating CNDTs, the electrodeposition of G2-PPI (generation 2 poly (propylene imine) dendrimer), the immobilization of anti-CEA on the modified electrode for 80 min at 35 °C, and dropping of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to minimize non-specific binding sites. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize each stage of the fabrication of the immunosensor. The proposed immunosensor detected CEA within a concentration range of 0.005 to 300 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.00145 ng/mL by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The immunosensor displayed good stability and was also selective in the presence of some interference species such as ascorbic acid, glucose, alpha-fetoprotein, prostate-specific antigen and human immunoglobulin. Furthermore, the fabricated immunosensor was applied in the quantification of CEA in a human serum sample, indicating its potential for real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez O Idris
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Nonhlangabezo Mabuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Omotayo A Arotiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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18
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Adrian J, Bonsignore P, Hammer S, Frickey T, Hauck CR. Adaptation to Host-Specific Bacterial Pathogens Drives Rapid Evolution of a Human Innate Immune Receptor. Curr Biol 2019; 29:616-630.e5. [PMID: 30744974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The selective pressure by infectious agents is a major driving force in the evolution of humans and other mammals. Members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family serve as receptors for bacterial pathogens of the genera Haemophilus, Helicobacter, Neisseria, and Moraxella, which engage CEACAMs via distinct surface adhesins. While microbial attachment to epithelial CEACAMs facilitates host colonization, recognition by CEACAM3, a phagocytic receptor expressed by granulocytes, eliminates CEACAM-binding bacteria. Sequence analysis of primate CEACAM3 orthologs reveals that this innate immune receptor is one of the most rapidly evolving human proteins. In particular, the pathogen-binding extracellular domain of CEACAM3 shows a high degree of non-synonymous versus synonymous nucleotide exchanges, indicating an exceptionally strong positive selection. Using CEACAM3 domains derived from different primates, we find that the amino acid alterations found in CEACAM3 translate into characteristic binding patterns for bacterial adhesins. One such amino acid residue is F62 in human and chimp CEACAM3, which is not present in other primates and which is critical for binding the OMP P1 adhesin of Haemophilus aegyptius. Incorporation of the F62-containing motif into gorilla CEACAM3 results in a gain-of-function phenotype with regard to phagocytosis of H. aegyptius. Moreover, CEACAM3 polymorphisms found in human subpopulations widen the spectrum of recognized bacterial adhesins, suggesting an ongoing multivariate selection acting on this innate immune receptor. The species-specific detection of diverse bacterial adhesins helps to explain the exceptionally fast evolution of CEACAM3 within the primate lineage and provides an example of Red Queen dynamics in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Adrian
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrizia Bonsignore
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tancred Frickey
- Forest Industry Informatics, Scion, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, 3015 Rotorua, New Zealand; Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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19
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Zhang H, Ke H, Wang Y, Li P, Huang C, Jia N. 3D carbon nanosphere and gold nanoparticle-based voltammetric cytosensor for cell line A549 and for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 186:39. [PMID: 30569315 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical cytosensor for the detection of the non-small-cell lung cancer cell line A549 (NSCLC) had been developed. A microwave-hydrothermal method was employed to prepare monodisperse colloidal carbon nanospheres (CNSs). Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were placed on the surface of the colloidal CNSs by self-assembly to obtain 3D-structured microspheres of the type CNS@AuNP. The results of an MTT assay show the microspheres to possess good biocompatibility. The CNS@AuNP nanocomposite was then placed, in a chitosan film, on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The voltammetric signals and detection sensitivity are significantly enhanced owing to the synergistic effect of CNSs and AuNPs. A cytosensor was then obtained by immobilization of antibody against the carcinoembryonic antigen (which is a biomarker for NSCLC) on the GCE via crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Hexacyanoferrate is used as an electrochemical probe, and the typical working voltage is 0.2 V (vs. SCE). If exposed to A549 cells, the differential pulse voltammetric signal decreases in the 4.2 × 10-1 to 4.2 × 10-6 cells mL-1 concentration range, and the detection limit is 14 cells mL-1 (at S/N = 3). Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of design strategy and fabrication process of the electrochemical cytosensor for A549 cells. (CNS: carbon nanospheres; GA: glutaraldehyde; PEI: polyethyleneimine; AuNPs: gold nanoparticles; BSA: Bovine serum albumin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Hong Ke
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yinfang Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chusen Huang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Nengqin Jia
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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20
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Guan T, Wang X, Li D, Zhang Y, He Y, Shi L, Liu Y, Yang Y, Xu Y, Cui R. Determination of Tumor Marker Carcinoembryonic Antigen with Biosensor Based on Optical Quantum Weak Measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18051550. [PMID: 29757961 PMCID: PMC5982534 DOI: 10.3390/s18051550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A phase-sensitive weak measurement biosensor was proposed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one common category of tumor markers. The total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface of the prism without precious metal coating was exploited to introduce the phase delay between horizontal and vertical polarizations, which can be determined through the central wavelength shift of output spectra for the sensing of the refractive index of the sample. In the weak measurement analysis, the specific binding reaction of tumor markers with a refractive index change on the surface of the prism can be monitored in real time through the central wavelength shift. With the specific absorption measurement, the feasibility of this weak measurement-based biosensor was experimentally demonstrated. We provide a low cost and convenient approach for tumor marker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiangnan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yonghong He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lixuan Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rui Cui
- Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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21
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Abstract
The delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was tested in 84 patients with different diseases including large bowel adenocarcinoma and breast carcinoma, with or without metastasis, liver cirrhosis and inflammatory or degenerative diseases. Positive skin test to CEA was observed in a small proportion (11 %) of the patients tested. No difference in positive skin test reactions was observed in the 6 different groups of patients. Similar delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions were found to various amount of CEA ranging from 0.5 to 25 μg. No correlation was seen between the results of skin test and blood CEA levels.
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22
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Barone C, Ricevuto E, Garufi C, Cassano A, Astone A, Grieco A, Albanese C, Giordano A, Troncone L. Role of Immunoscintigraphy in Clinical Assessment of Gastrointestinal Tumors. Tumori 2018; 76:270-3. [PMID: 2368172 DOI: 10.1177/030089169007600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From June 1986 until April 1989 31 patients with gastrointestinal tumors were studied at follow-up for recurrences by Immunoscintigraphy (IS) using F(ab)2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies anti CEA and anti CA 19-9. IS was employed to confirm the presence of metastases already found (group A) and to verify metastases suspected following physical and Instrumental examinations and/or increases in CEA and/or CA 19-9 (group B). Thirty-four IS findings have been evaluated to date: 19 in group A, with 18 true positive and 1 false negative results; 15 in group B. In these patients there were 12 cases of pathologic high fixation: 6 were confirmed using standard examinations after a median follow-up of 1 month (range 1-12); 6 cases had no metastatic evolution at the suspected site after a follow-up of 5-28 months. In 3 cases IS was negative, these patients are disease free at 13, 14 and 24 months. In group B, 5 of 8 abdominal intense fixations were early diagnoses of local or peritoneal recurrences. The overall accuracy was 79.4% and it was not affected by circulating CEA levels; sensitivity was 96%. IS can be considered useful as a primary diagnostic examination in the follow-up of patients with suspected abdominal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barone
- Istituto di Clinica Medica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
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23
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Abstract
In medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) the detection of occult metastases is difficult and the prognosis of widespread disease is poor. In recent years several radiopharmaceuticals have become available for the diagnosis of this tumor. None of these tracers, however, has satisfactory diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, only few radiopharmaceutical compounds proved to have clinical value in therapeutic applications. Radionuclide therapy utilizes unsealed radioactive sources in order to deliver selective irradiation to the target organs or cancer lesions. This approach is only clinically indicated when there is a scintigraphic evidence of sufficient tumor uptake and a favorable biodistribution. When these conditions are present, radionuclide therapy can be adopted in MTC patients. Due to the low incidence of this tumor, the poor sensitivity of the available radiopharmaceuticals and their limited indications, the clinical experience in radionuclide therapy of MTC is still limited and there is general agreement among experts that it has only a palliative role. Here we briefly report the main experiences in radionuclide therapy in the past and in recent years. In addition, we summarize the results obtained with 131I-MIBG therapy at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, as well as the most important ongoing preclinical and phase I/II trials.
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24
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Baum RP, Lorenz M, Hottenrott C, Albrecht M, Senekowitsch R, Happ J, Hertel A, Spitz J, Hör G. Radioimmunoscintigraphy Using Monoclonal Antibodies to CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 3:177-84. [PMID: 3230337 DOI: 10.1177/172460088800300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
131I labelled F (ab’)2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies against CA 19-9 and CEA (“radioimmunococktail” IMACIS 1) were used in a prospective study (n = 60 patients) and in a retrospective study (n = 32 patients) for the detection of colorectal carcinomas (n = 67) and other gastrointestinal CEA/CA 19-9-producing tumors (n = 32). Sensitivity was 82% and specificity 90%. Immunoscintigraphy proved useful and complementary to CT scan and sonography, especially in the diagnosis of pelvic recurrences and intra-abdominal metastases. In addition, monoclonal antibody OC 125 (IMACIS 2) was used for the detection of ovarian carcinomas (n = 10) and other CA 125 producing tumors. Immunoscintigraphy was positive in all patients (n = 18) suggesting that this radioimmunological approach could be of use in the staging, therapeutic control and earlier diagnosis of recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Baum
- Department of Radiology, University of Frankfurt/Main, Fed. Rep. of Germany
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25
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Ripamonti M, Canevari S, Buraggi G, Gadina M, Turrin A, Gasparini M, Scassellati G, Colnaghi MI. Monoclonal anti-CEA Antibody: Factors Affecting Localization in a Preclinical Study. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 3:249-58. [PMID: 3235853 DOI: 10.1177/172460088800300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
131I-labelled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody was tested in an animal model to evaluate: influence of antibody type (whole versus F(ab’)2 fragments), administration route (i.v. versus i.p.), dose of tracer (100 μCi versus 1000 μCi), growth site (s.c. versus i.p.) and size of tumor. Athymic mice bearing CEA-producing human colon carcinoma (HT-29) or human melanoma as an irrelevant tumor (MeWo) received tracer and immunoscintigraphy and the localization ratios (LR) were compared. In HT-29 bearing animals F(ab’)2 fragments localized better than the whole antibody. The LR were higher after i.p. administration of the tracer, independently of the tumor characteristics or the injected dose. The highest values were achieved when the radioactivity remaining in the whole body was below 2% of the injected dose. The images were negative when the i.p. injected dose was low or tumor growth was i.p. but positive in the other conditions (i.v. administration, high tracer dose, s.c. tumor growth). In the animals bearing melanoma, images scored positive or negative when the tumor weight was respectively above or below 400 mg, but the LR were always low.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ripamonti
- Division of Experimental Oncology E, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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26
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Abstract
In this paper we summarize the investigations performed by our group utilizing an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (F023C5) labelled with different radionuclides in humans. Since 1983 radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) was performed on 51 patients with 64 localizations of colorectal carcinoma (pilot study). A multicenter clinical trial in a large number of patients (509 pts of which 284 with gastrointestinal cancer) was subsequently carried out in collaboration with ten nuclear medicine centres. High sensitivity and specificity values were obtained by these studies and many unsuspected lesions were recorded. In order to better define the clinical role of RIS, a prospective study was performed on 59 patients with suspected local relapses of colorectal cancer. A comparative evaluation of RIS, CT scan, US and MRI was done. RIS and MRI had the highest accuracy (86%) followed by CT scan (68%) and US (54%).
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Buraggi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Various preparations of anti-CEA antibodies have shown to detect very sensitively CEA producing tumors. The development of human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA) prevents from the widespread use of immunoscintigraphy (IS) in the follow-up of patients with colorectal carcinoma. It is, however, not yet clear if genetically reshaped antibodies will solve this problem and it is even less clear if this will change prognosis of these patients. There is certainly room for new therapeutic approaches in colorectal carcinoma. Radioimmunotherapy in combination with other techniques might advantageously complete surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but needs to be further developed.
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28
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Abstract
Localization of gastrointestinal tumors by means of labeled monoclonal antibodies is a new, sensitive and suitable technique currently used in several centers. Encouraging results have been documented with several monoclonal antibodies by different authors. This article reviews our experience with radioimmunoscintigraphy in 59 patients with colorectal cancer in follow-up, using 131I and 111In labeled B72.3, and in 16 patients with primary gastrointestinal tumors using 99mTc anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (type F023C5). The sensitivity of both B72.3 and anti-CEA was greater than 70% either for primary tumors and abdominal recurrences or distant metastases except hepatic ones. A significant gradient in antibody uptake was measured on surgical biopsies between tumors and normal tissues allowing a good in vivo contrast for gamma detection. We have defined the impact of some factors affecting in vivo tumor targeting. In fact, pharmacodynamics of MAbs, percentage of injected dose bound to tissues were measured, and in particular antigenic content in tumor nodules was quantified. Furthermore, the results of RIS were compared to those obtained by CT and other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lastoria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Instituto Nazionale Tumori, Napoli, Italy
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29
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Hardman N, Murray B, Zwickl M, Kolbinger F, Pluschke G. Application of Genetically-Engineered Anti-CEA Antibodies for Potential Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 7:203-9. [PMID: 1431347 DOI: 10.1177/172460089200700315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hitherto anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), normally of mouse origin, have been used primarily for clinical diagnosis of colorectal cancer, either as a tumor marker in serum to monitor tumor recurrence, or latterly as a means to localize in vivo CEA-bearing tumors and metastases in patients. In vivo diagnosis using mouse anti-CEA MAbs has so far had limited clinical utility because the antibodies elicit a strong anti-mouse immunoglobulin immune response on repeated administration in man. This problem has been addressed by the development of various strategies for “humanization” of mouse anti-CEA MAbs by genetic manipulation of immunoglobulin genes. Such humanized, engineered antibodies markedly attenuate the antigenic response directed against the MAb, such that safe, repeated administration to patients has become feasible. Such humanized anti-CEA antibodies can thus be radioactively-labelled and applied for in vivo monitoring and detection of recurrent malignant disease, or used for therapeutic strategies which similarly take advantage of the ability of the antibodies to target cytotoxic agents selectively to tumor cells. The application of these novel procedures for manipulating MAb structure presents entirely new opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hardman
- Department of Molecular Biology, CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle-Switzerland
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30
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Nap M, Wilhelm WW. Immunohistology of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). Specificity of Reagents, Choice of Control Tissues and Practical Application in Surgical Pathology. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 7:148-53. [PMID: 1431337 DOI: 10.1177/172460089200700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistology of CEA has been used now for many years in research and in diagnostic applications. In this congress paper, the need for specificity checks, correct preservation and quality control of antibodies as well as the choice and preservation of control tissues will be discussed and, in addition, some aspects of the interpretation of CEA immunohistology in surgical pathology are illustrated, based upon prospectively collected data from a routine surgical pathology unit. An approach for collection and analysis is demonstrated and the diagnostic importance of CEA expression together with other antigens in the same tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nap
- Institute of Public Health, Province of Friesland, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Murgas P, Bustamante N, Araya N, Cruz-Gómez S, Durán E, Gaete D, Oyarce C, López E, Herrada AA, Ferreira N, Pieringer H, Lladser A. A filamentous bacteriophage targeted to carcinoembryonic antigen induces tumor regression in mouse models of colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:183-193. [PMID: 29026949 PMCID: PMC11028317 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a deadly disease, which is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, where conventional treatments are no longer effective. Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new form to treat different malignancies by turning-on the immune system against tumors. However, tumors are able to evade antitumor immune responses by promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Single-stranded DNA containing M13 bacteriophages are highly immunogenic and can be specifically targeted to the surface of tumor cells to trigger inflammation and infiltration of activated innate immune cells, overcoming tumor-associated immunosuppression and promoting antitumor immunity. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is highly expressed in colorectal cancers and has been shown to promote several malignant features of colorectal cancer cells. In this work, we targeted M13 bacteriophage to CEA, a tumor-associated antigen over-expressed in a high proportion of colorectal cancers but largely absent in normal cells. The CEA-targeted M13 bacteriophage was shown to specifically bind to purified CEA and CEA-expressing tumor cells in vitro. Both intratumoral and systemic administration of CEA-specific bacteriophages significantly reduced tumor growth of mouse models of colorectal cancer, as compared to PBS and control bacteriophage administration. CEA-specific bacteriophages promoted tumor infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, as well as maturation dendritic cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes, suggesting that antitumor T-cell responses were elicited. Finally, we demonstrated that tumor protection provided by CEA-specific bacteriophage particles is mediated by CD8+ T cells, as depletion of circulating CD8+ T cells completely abrogated antitumor protection. In summary, we demonstrated that CEA-specific M13 bacteriophages represent a potential immunotherapy against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Murgas
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Bustamante
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Araya
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Cruz-Gómez
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Durán
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Gaete
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Oyarce
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernesto López
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Alonso Herrada
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Ferreira
- Phage Technologies, Parque Tecnológico Zañartu, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hans Pieringer
- Phage Technologies, Parque Tecnológico Zañartu, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Lladser
- Laboratory of Gene Immunotherapy, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.
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32
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Sintsova A, Guo CX, Sarantis H, Mak TW, Glogauer M, Gray-Owen SD. Bcl10 synergistically links CEACAM3 and TLR-dependent inflammatory signalling. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12788. [PMID: 28886618 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil-specific innate immune receptor CEACAM3 functions as a decoy to capture Gram-negative pathogens, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, that exploit CEACAM family members to adhere to the epithelium. Bacterial binding to CEACAM3 results in their efficient engulfment and triggers activation of an nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-dependent inflammatory response by human neutrophils. Herein, we report that CEACAM3 cross-linking is not sufficient for induction of cytokine production and show that the inflammatory response induced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is elicited by an integration of signals from CEACAM3 and toll-like receptors. Using neutrophils from a human CEACAM-expressing mouse line (CEABAC), we use a genetic approach to reveal a molecular bifurcation of the CEACAM3-mediated antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. Ex vivo experiments with CEABAC-Rac2-/- , CEABAC-Bcl10-/- , and CEABAC-Malt1-/- neutrophils indicate that these effectors are not necessary for gonococcal engulfment, yet all 3 effectors contribute to CEACAM3-mediated cytokine production. Interestingly, although Bcl10 and Malt1 are often inextricably linked, Bcl10 enabled synergy between toll-like receptor 4 and CEACAM3, whereas Malt1 did not. Together, these findings reveal an integration of the specific innate immune receptor CEACAM3 into the network of more conventional pattern recognition receptors, providing a mechanism by which the innate immune system can unleash its response to a relentless pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sintsova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia X Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Sarantis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mach JP. [Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies, from Tumor Targeting to Cancer Immunotherapy: A Critical Overview]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2017; 51:1024-1038. [PMID: 29271965 DOI: 10.7868/s0026898417060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In view of the explosion of the present clinical use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), not only in the treatment of cancer, but also of autoimmune diseases, I was asked to review the development of mAbs in tumor diagnosis and therapy, with some illustrations of our own contribution in the field. The initial use of radiolabeled mAbs for tumor targeting and radioimmunotherapy led to the extensive clinical application of unlabeled, "humanized" mAbs for cancer therapy, which I describe with a critical perspective. The introduction of recombinant bispecific antibodies, capable of bridging T lymphocytes with tumor cells and inducing killing of the cancer cells, was found to be mostly active in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Most interestingly, the use of mAbs not directed to the tumor cells, but to inhibitory receptors expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which trigger them to kill the cancer cells, represents a new form of active cancer immunotherapy. My motivation in writing this review was related to my long-term interactions with several Russian scientists, mentioned at the end of this article.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/chemistry
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/immunology
- Cell Engineering
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Gene Expression
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Staining and Labeling/methods
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, Lausanne University, 155 Chemin des Boveresses CH 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Holzinger A, Abken H. CAR T cells targeting solid tumors: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) proves to be a safe target. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1505-1507. [PMID: 28755091 PMCID: PMC11029415 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Holzinger
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Clinic I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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35
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Zer C, Avery KN, Meyer K, Goodstein L, Bzymek KP, Singh G, Williams JC. Engineering a high-affinity peptide binding site into the anti-CEA mAb M5A. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:409-417. [PMID: 28431161 PMCID: PMC5914451 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a cyclic peptide called meditope which binds to the central cavity of the Fab portion of cetuximab and shown that this peptide binding site can be grafted, or 'meditope-enabled', onto trastuzumab. This peptide has been shown to act as a hitch for the non-covalent attachment of imaging agents to meditope-enabled antibodies. Herein, we explore the process of grafting this peptide binding site onto M5A, an anti-CEA antibody in clinical trials for cancer diagnostics. In order to explore the contributions of the amino acids, we sequentially introduced pairs of amino acid substitutions into the Fab and then we reverse-substituted key residues in the presence of the other substitutions. We demonstrate that Pro40Thr, Gly41Asn, Phe83Ile and Thr85Asp in the light chain are sufficient to recreate the meditope binding site in M5A with single-digit micromolar affinity. We show that Pro40 abrogates peptide binding in the presence of the other 12 residue substitutions, and that the presence of all 13 substitutions does not interfere with antibody:antigen recognition. Collectively, these studies provide detailed insight for defining and fine-tuning the binding affinity of the meditope binding site within an antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Zer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope
| | - Kendra N. Avery
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope
| | - Kassondra Meyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope
| | - Leah Goodstein
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope
| | - Krzysztof P. Bzymek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John C. Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope
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Denapoli PMA, Zanetti BF, Dos Santos AA, de Moraes JZ, Han SW. Preventive DNA vaccination against CEA-expressing tumors with anti-idiotypic scFv6.C4 DNA in CEA-expressing transgenic mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:333-342. [PMID: 27913835 PMCID: PMC11028832 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is expressed during embryonic life and in low level during adult life. Consequently, the CEA is recognized by the immune system as a self-antigen and thus CEA-expressing tumors are tolerated. Previously, we constructed a single chain variable fragment using the 6.C4 (scFv6.C4) hybridoma cell line, which gave rise to antibodies able to recognize CEA when C57/Bl6 mice were immunized. Here, the scFv6.C4 ability to prevent the CEA-expressing tumor growth was assessed in CEA-expressing transgenic mice CEA2682. CEA2682 mice immunized with the scFv6.C4 expressing plasmid vector (uP/PS-scFv6.C4) by electroporation gave rise to the CEA-specific AB3 antibody after the third immunization. Sera from immunized mice reacted with CEA-expressing human colorectal cell lines CO112, HCT-8, and LISP-1, as well as with murine melanoma B16F10 cells expressing CEA (B16F10-CEA). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from uP/PS-scFv6.C4 immunized mice lysed B16F10-CEA (56.7%) and B16F10 expressing scFv6.C4 (B16F10-scFv6.C4) (46.7%) cells, against CTL from uP-immunized mice (10%). After the last immunization, 5 × 105 B16F10-CEA cells were injected into the left flank. All mice immunized with the uP empty vector died within 40 days, but uP/PS-scFv6.C4 vaccinated mice (40%) remained free of tumor for more than 100 days. Splenocytes obtained from uP/PS-scFv6.C4 vaccinated mice showed higher T-cell proliferative activity than those from uP vaccinated mice. Collectively, DNA vaccination with the uP-PS/scFv6.C4 plasmid vector was able to give rise to specific humoral and cellular responses, which were sufficient to retard growth and/or eliminate the injected B16F10-CEA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M A Denapoli
- Research Center for Gene Therapy, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Zanetti
- Research Center for Gene Therapy, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adara A Dos Santos
- Research Center for Gene Therapy, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jane Z de Moraes
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Mirassol, 207, São Paulo, SP, 04044-010, Brazil
| | - Sang W Han
- Research Center for Gene Therapy, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Mirassol, 207, São Paulo, SP, 04044-010, Brazil.
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McCann KJ, Mander A, Cazaly A, Chudley L, Stasakova J, Thirdborough S, King A, Lloyd-Evans P, Buxton E, Edwards C, Halford S, Bateman A, O'Callaghan A, Clive S, Anthoney A, Jodrell DI, Weinschenk T, Simon P, Sahin U, Thomas GJ, Stevenson FK, Ottensmeier CH. Targeting Carcinoembryonic Antigen with DNA Vaccination: On-Target Adverse Events Link with Immunologic and Clinical Outcomes. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4827-4836. [PMID: 27091407 PMCID: PMC5330406 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have clinically evaluated a DNA fusion vaccine to target the HLA-A*0201-binding peptide CAP-1 from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA605-613) linked to an immunostimulatory domain (DOM) from fragment C of tetanus toxin. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-seven patients with CEA-expressing carcinomas were recruited: 15 patients with measurable disease (arm-I) and 12 patients without radiological evidence of disease (arm-II). Six intramuscular vaccinations of naked DNA (1 mg/dose) were administered up to week 12. Clinical and immunologic follow-up was up to week 64 or clinical/radiological disease. RESULTS DOM-specific immune responses demonstrated successful vaccine delivery. All patients without measurable disease compared with 60% with advanced disease responded immunologically, while 58% and 20% expanded anti-CAP-1 CD8+ T cells, respectively. CAP-1-specific T cells were only detectable in the blood postvaccination but could also be identified in previously resected cancer tissue. The gastrointestinal adverse event diarrhea was reported by 48% of patients and linked to more frequent decreases in CEA (P < 0.001) and improved global immunologic responses [anti-DOM responses of greater magnitude (P < 0.001), frequency (P = 0.004), and duration] compared with patients without diarrhea. In advanced disease patients, decreases in CEA were associated with better overall survival (HR = 0.14, P = 0.017). CAP-1 peptide was detectable on MHC class I of normal bowel mucosa and primary colorectal cancer tissue by mass spectrometry, offering a mechanistic explanation for diarrhea through CD8+ T-cell attack. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DNA vaccination is able to overcome peripheral tolerance in normal and tumor tissue and warrants testing in combination studies, for example, by vaccinating in parallel to treatment with an anti-PD1 antibody. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4827-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy J McCann
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ann Mander
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Angelica Cazaly
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lindsey Chudley
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jana Stasakova
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen Thirdborough
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew King
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Lloyd-Evans
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Clinical Biotechnology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Buxton
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, London, UK
| | - Ceri Edwards
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, London, UK
| | - Sarah Halford
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, London, UK
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Duncan I Jodrell
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Petra Simon
- TRON gGmbH, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON gGmbH, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
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38
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Kitadani J, Ojima T, Iwamoto H, Tabata H, Nakamori M, Nakamura M, Katsuda M, Miyazawa M, Hayata K, Yamaue H. [Cancer Immunotherapy Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells(iPSDCs)Expressing Carcinoembryonic Antigen]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2016; 43:1071-1073. [PMID: 27628546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty in obtaining a sufficient number of functional dendritic cells(DCs)is a well-known serious problem in DCbased immunotherapy. Therefore, we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived DCs(iPSDCs). We have reported that mouse iPSDCs are equivalent to BMDCs, in terms of maturation and antigen presentation. In this study, the antitumor immune response of human iPSDCs expressing the carcinoembryonic antigen was examined, to determine its clinical application in gastrointestinal cancer. Human iPS cells were established from healthy human fibroblasts using a Sendai virus vector, and human iPSDCs were differentiated under a feeder-free culture. Additionally, the surface marker expression, cytokine production, and migratory capacity of human iPSDCs were equivalent to those of monocyte-derived DCs(MoDCs). After 3 cycles of stimulation of autologous PBMCs by genetically modified DCs, the 51Cr-release assay was performed. The lymphocytes stimulated by iPSDCs-CEA showed cytotoxic activity against LCL-CEA and CEA652-pulsed LCL, but showed no cytotoxicity against LCL-LacZ. In addition, they showed cytotoxic activity against CEA-positive human cancer cell lines, MKN45 and HT29, but showed no cytotoxicity against CEA-negative human cancer cell line MKN1. In conclusion, CEA-specific CTLs responses could be induced by iPSDCs-CEA. This vaccination strategy may be useful in future clinical applications of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kitadani
- Second Dept. of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine
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Zhang S, Tu YT, Cai HH, Ding HH, Li Q, He YX, Liu XX, Wang X, Hu F, Chen T, Chen HX. Opacity proteins of neisseria gonorrhoeae in lipooligosaccharide mutants lost ability to interact with neutrophil-restricted CEACAM3 (CD66d). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:344-349. [PMID: 27376801 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipooligosacharide (LOS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci, GC) is involved in the interaction of GC with host cells. Deletion of the alpha-oligosaccharide (alpha-OS) moiety of LOS (lgtF mutant) significantly impairs invasion of GC into epithelial cell lines. GC opacity (Opa) proteins, such as OpaI, mediate phagocytosis and stimulate chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils in part through interaction with members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, which includes CEACAM3 (CD66d), a human neutrophil specific receptor for phagocytosis of bacteria. In the present work, we examined the effects of OpaI-expressing lgtF mutant on phagocytosis by HeLa-CEACAM3 cells and chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. The results showed that lgtF mutant even expressing OpaI completely lost the ability to promote either phagocytosis mediated by CEACAM3 interaction in HeLa cells or chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. These data indicated that Opa proteins in the lgtF mutant, which might result from the conformational change, cannot be functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua-Hua Cai
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Hui Ding
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying-Xia He
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tie Chen
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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40
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Knutson S, Raja E, Bomgarden R, Nlend M, Chen A, Kalyanasundaram R, Desai S. Development and Evaluation of a Fluorescent Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157762. [PMID: 27336622 PMCID: PMC4918962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are widely available and cost-effective research tools in life science, and antibody conjugates are now extensively used for targeted therapy, immunohistochemical staining, or in vivo diagnostic imaging of cancer. Significant advances in site-specific antibody labeling technologies have enabled the production of highly characterized and homogenous conjugates for biomedical purposes, and some recent studies have utilized site-specific labeling to synthesize bifunctional antibody conjugates with both imaging and drug delivery properties. While these advances are important for the clinical safety and efficacy of such biologics, these techniques can also be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming. Furthermore, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) used for tumor treatment generally remain distinct from conjugates used for diagnosis. Thus, there exists a need to develop simple dual-labeling methods for efficient therapeutic and diagnostic evaluation of antibody conjugates in pre-clinical model systems. Here, we present a rapid and simple method utilizing commercially available reagents for synthesizing a dual-labeled fluorescent ADC. Further, we demonstrate the fluorescent ADC’s utility for simultaneous targeted therapy and molecular imaging of cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Employing non-site-specific, amine-reactive chemistry, our novel biopharmaceutical theranostic is a monoclonal antibody specific for a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) biomarker conjugated to both paclitaxel and a near-infrared (NIR), polyethylene glycol modified (PEGylated) fluorophore (DyLight™ 680-4xPEG). Using in vitro systems, we demonstrate that this fluorescent ADC selectively binds a CEA-positive pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC-3) in immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry, exhibits efficient internalization kinetics, and is cytotoxic. Model studies using a xenograft of BxPC-3 cells in athymic mice also show the fluorescent ADC’s efficacy in detecting tumors in vivo and inhibiting tumor growth more effectively than equimolar amounts of unconjugated drug. Overall, our results demonstrate that non-selective, amine-targeting chemistry is an effective dual-labeling method for synthesizing and evaluating a bifunctional fluorescent antibody-drug conjugate, allowing concurrent detection, monitoring and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Knutson
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (SD)
| | - Erum Raja
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan Bomgarden
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marie Nlend
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aoshuang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Surbhi Desai
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (SD)
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Abstract
Biodistribution of technetium (99m Tc) labeled hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD, Photosan-3) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) was compared following intravenous ( i.v.) and intratumoral ( i.t.) administration in solid Ehrlich ascites tumor bearing mice. Images of mice at different time intervals were acquired after injection of radiolabeled PS-3 in either conjugated or unconjugated forms. Quantitative estimation of the radiolabel in different tissues was performed by selecting the different region of interests (ROIs). Maximum accumulation of both free and antibody conjugated PS-3 following i.v. administration was observed in liver followed by tumor. Tumor/muscle (T/N) ratio was more with free PS-3 compared to conjugated PS-3. Pharmacokinetics of free and conjugated PS-3 was also different with faster accumulation of conjugated PS-3 in the tumor. With intratumoral administration of anti-CEA-PS-3-99m Tc, specific accumulation and retention of the sensitizer was observed in the tumor tissue. Since, direct injection of antibody conjugated photosensitizer into the tumor resulted in longer retention of the dye in the tumor with no accumulation in the normal tissues, the present results imply that the toxicity to normal tissues could be reduced significantly with selective destruction of the tumor following photodynamic treatment with the use of i.t. administration of specific antibodies conjugated to photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gupta
- Division of Biocybernetics and Radiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054, India.
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Lopes MA, da Cruz Perez DE, de Abreu Alves F, de Almeida OP, Kowalski LP. Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of Intraoral Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 134:622-6. [PMID: 16564385 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinomas and its relationship with the prognosis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: From 1953 to 1993, 27 patients with intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinomas surgically treated were selected for this study. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records, the microscopic slides were reviewed, the tumors were graded, and immunohistochemical analysis for p53, PCNA, cerbB-2, and CEA were carried out. RESULTS: The tumors were more frequent in patients between 40 and 60 years of age (40.7%), without gender predilection. Hard palate was the most common site with 13 cases (48%). T2 was the more frequent stage (48%) and 2 patients (7.4%) were staged as N + . Most tumors (48%) were classified as low grade of malignancy. The expression of PCNA was associated to high-grade tumors ( P = .00610) and c-erbB-2 to low grade tumors ( P = .03958). No recurrence was noted in most of the cases (22 cases, 81.5%). Three cases (11.1%), however, showed local recurrence and 2 patients (7.4%) died because of the disease. The analysis of the overall survival rate showed that male patients ( P = .04249), stage N ( P = .05948), high grade of malignancy ( P = .0009), strong expression of PCNA ( P = .09128), and weak expression of c-erbB-2 ( P = .03334) had the lowest survival rates. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that patients with intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinoma had a reduced survival expectation if they were of the male gender, with regional metastasis, high grade of malignancy, strong expression of PCNA and weak expression of c-erbB-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Semiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba/UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kajihara M, Takakura K, Kanai T, Ito Z, Saito K, Takami S, Shimodaira S, Okamoto M, Ohkusa T, Koido S. Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4275-4286. [PMID: 27158196 PMCID: PMC4853685 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i17.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although systemic therapy is the standard care for patients with recurrent or metastatic CRC, the prognosis is extremely poor. The optimal sequence of therapy remains unknown. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as immunotherapy, are needed for patients with advanced CRC. This review summarizes evidence from dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy strategies that are currently in clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the possibility of antitumor immune responses through immunoinhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade in CRC patients.
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Sta Maria NS, Barnes SR, Weist MR, Colcher D, Raubitschek AA, Jacobs RE. Low Dose Focused Ultrasound Induces Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of Natural Killer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142767. [PMID: 26556731 PMCID: PMC4640510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital antitumor role as part of the innate immune system. Efficacy of adoptive transfer of NK cells depends on their ability to recognize and target tumors. We investigated whether low dose focused ultrasound with microbubbles (ldbFUS) could facilitate the targeting and accumulation of NK cells in a mouse xenograft of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing LS-174T implanted in NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice) in the presence of an anti-CEA immunocytokine (ICK), hT84.66/M5A-IL-2 (M5A-IL-2). Human NK cells were labeled with an FDA-approved ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide particle, ferumoxytol. Simultaneous with the intravenous injection of microbubbles, focused ultrasound was applied to the tumor. In vivo longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified enhanced accumulation of NK cells in the ensonified tumor, which was validated by endpoint histology. Significant accumulation of NK cells was observed up to 24 hrs at the tumor site when ensonified with 0.50 MPa peak acoustic pressure ldbFUS, whereas tumors treated with at 0.25 MPa showed no detectable NK cell accumulation. These clinically translatable results show that ldbFUS of the tumor mass can potentiate tumor homing of NK cells that can be evaluated non-invasively using MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Sta Maria
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Samuel R. Barnes
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Weist
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - David Colcher
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Raubitschek
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Russell E. Jacobs
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rajkumar V, Goh V, Siddique M, Robson M, Boxer G, Pedley RB, Cook GJR. Texture analysis of (125)I-A5B7 anti-CEA antibody SPECT differentiates metastatic colorectal cancer model phenotypes and anti-vascular therapy response. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1882-7. [PMID: 25989271 PMCID: PMC4580400 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to test the ability of texture analysis to differentiate the spatial heterogeneity of (125)I-A5B7 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody distribution by nano-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in well-differentiated (SW1222) and poorly differentiated (LS174T) hepatic metastatic colorectal cancer models before and after combretastatin A1 di-phosphate anti-vascular therapy. METHODS Nano-SPECT imaging was performed following tail vein injection of 20 MBq (125)I-A5B7 in control CD1 nude mice (LS174T, n=3 and SW1222, n=4), and CA1P-treated mice (LS174T, n=3; SW1222, n=4) with liver metastases. Grey-level co-occurrence matrix textural features (uniformity, homogeneity, entropy and contrast) were calculated in up to three liver metastases in 14 mice from control and treatment groups. RESULTS Before treatment, the LS174T metastases (n=7) were more heterogeneous than SW1222 metastases (n=12) (uniformity, P=0.028; homogeneity, P=0.01; contrast, P=0.045). Following CA1P, LS174T metastases (n=8) showed less heterogeneity than untreated LS174T controls (uniformity, P=0.021; entropy, P=0.006). Combretastatin A1 di-phosphate-treated SW1222 metastases (n=11) showed no difference in texture features compared with controls (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supporting the potential for novel imaging biomarkers, texture analysis of (125)I-A5B7 SPECT shows differences in spatial heterogeneity of antibody distribution between well-differentiated (SW1222) and poorly differentiated (LS174T) liver metastases before treatment. Following anti-vascular treatment, LS174T metastases, but not SW1222 metastases, were less heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rajkumar
- UCL Cancer Institute, University
College London, 72 Huntley St, London
WC1E 6BT
UK
| | - V Goh
- Division of Imaging Sciences and
Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, St Thomas'
Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M Siddique
- Division of Imaging Sciences and
Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, St Thomas'
Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M Robson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University
College London, 72 Huntley St, London
WC1E 6BT
UK
| | - G Boxer
- UCL Cancer Institute, University
College London, 72 Huntley St, London
WC1E 6BT
UK
| | - R B Pedley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University
College London, 72 Huntley St, London
WC1E 6BT
UK
| | - G J R Cook
- Division of Imaging Sciences and
Biomedical Engineering, Kings College London, St Thomas'
Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London
SE1 7EH, UK
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Osada T, Patel SP, Hammond SA, Osada K, Morse MA, Lyerly HK. CEA/CD3-bispecific T cell-engaging (BiTE) antibody-mediated T lymphocyte cytotoxicity maximized by inhibition of both PD1 and PD-L1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:677-88. [PMID: 25742933 PMCID: PMC11029757 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific T cell-engaging (BiTE) antibodies recruit polyclonal cytotoxic T cells (CTL) to tumors. One such antibody is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) BiTE that mediates T cell/tumor interaction by simultaneously binding CD3 expressed by T cells and CEA expressed by tumor cells. A widely operative mechanism for mitigating cytotoxic T cell-mediated killing is the interaction of tumor-expressed PD-L1 with T cell-expressed PD-1, which may be partly reversed by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We hypothesized that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade during BiTE-mediated T cell killing would enhance CTL function. Here, we determined the effects of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade during initial T cell-mediated killing of CEA-expressing human tumor cell lines in vitro, as well as subsequent T cell-mediated killing by T lymphocytes that had participated in tumor cell killing. We observed a rapid upregulation of PD-1 expression and diminished cytolytic function of T cells after they had engaged in CEA BiTE-mediated killing of tumors. T cell cytolytic activity in vitro could be maximized by administration of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies alone or in combination if applied prior to a round of T cell killing, but T cell inhibition could not be fully reversed by this blockade once the T cells had killed tumor. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that dual blockade of PD-1 and PD-L1 maximizes T cell killing of tumor directed by CEA BiTE in vitro, is more effective if applied early, and provides a rationale for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Osada
- Section of Applied Therapeutics, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 403 MSRB, Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,
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Bouvet M, Hoffman RM. Toward Curative Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Pancreatic Cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2015; 62:715-722. [PMID: 26897960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Negative surgical margins are critical to prevent recurrence in cancer surgery. We review the use of fluorophore-labeled monoclonal antibodies to aid in cancer visualization in orthotopic nude mouse models of human pancreatic cancer in order to achieve negative margins in fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). METHODOLOGY Anti-CEA or anti-CA 19-9 antibodies were conjugated with fluorophores of visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Orthotopic primary and metastatic human pancreatic tumors in nude mouse models were readily visualized with fluorescence imaging after administration of fluorophore conjugated anti-CEA or anti-CA 19-9. RESULTS The fluorescence signal was detectable 30 minutes after systemic antibody delivery and remained present for two weeks, with minimal in vivo photobleaching after exposure to standard operating room lighting. There was greatly improved ability to resect labeled tumor tissue using FGS. CONCLUSIONS Fluorophore-labeled anti-CEA or anti-CA 19-9 antibodies enable enhanced visualization of tumors for FGS of pancreatic cancer when CEA or CA 19-9 expression is present. The choice of fluorophore significantly affects the signal intensity in the labeled tumor. The technologies described herein have the potential to change the paradigm of surgical oncology to engender significantly improved outcomes.
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Maawy AA, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Garcia-Guzman M, Luiken GA, Kobayashi H, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Photoimmunotherapy lowers recurrence after pancreatic cancer surgery in orthotopic nude mouse models. J Surg Res 2015; 197:5-11. [PMID: 25799527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is based on the use of a monoclonal antibody specific to cancer epitopes conjugated to a photosensitizer near-infrared phthalocyanine dye (IR700). In this study, PIT with IR700 conjugated to anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was used as an adjunct to surgery in orthotopically-implanted human pancreatic cancer in a nude mouse model to eliminate microscopic disease in the post-surgical tumor bed and prevent local as well as metastatic recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Athymic nude mice were orthotopically implanted with the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 expressing green fluorescent protein. After tumor engraftment, the mice were divided into two groups as follows: bright light surgery (BLS) + anti-CEA-IR700 + 690 nm laser (PIT); and BLS only. Anti-CEA-IR700 (100 μg) was administered to the treatment group via tail-vein injection 24 h before therapy. Tumors were resected, and the surgical bed was treated with intraoperative phototherapy at an intensity of 150 mW/cm(2) for 30 min. Mice were imaged noninvasively for 8 wk using an OV-100 small animal fluorescence imager. RESULTS BLS + PIT reduced local recurrence to 1/7 mice from 7/7 mice with BLS-only (P = 0.001) and metastatic recurrence to 2/7 mice compared with 6/7 mice with BLS-only (P = 0.03). Local tumor growth continued at a rapid rate after BLS-only compared with BLS + PIT where almost no local growth occurred. There was a significant difference in tumor size between mice in the BLS + PIT (2.14 mm(2), 95% confidence interval [CI] [-2.06 to 6.34] and BLS-only groups (115.2 mm(2), 95% CI [88.8-141.6]) at 6 wk after surgery (P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in tumor weight between the BLS + PIT group (6.65 mg, 95% CI [-6.35 to 19.65] and BLS-only group (1100 mg, 95% CI [794-1406] at 8 wk after surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PIT holds promise in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and may serve as a useful adjunct to surgery in the eradication of microscopic residual disease that can lead to both local and metastatic recurrence. Further studies are warranted to investigate the potential toxicities of PIT, especially with regard to anastomoses, such as those involved in pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Maawy
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, California; Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Surgery, VA Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
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Nittka S, Krueger MA, Shively JE, Boll H, Brockmann MA, Doyon F, Pichler BJ, Neumaier M. Radioimmunoimaging of liver metastases with PET using a 64Cu-labeled CEA antibody in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106921. [PMID: 25226518 PMCID: PMC4165898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer, and the development of novel tools for detection and efficient treatment of metastases is needed. One promising approach is the use of radiolabeled antibodies for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and radioimmunotherapy. Since carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important target in colorectal cancer, the CEA-specific M5A antibody has been extensively studied in subcutaneous xenograft models; however, the M5A antibody has not yet been tested in advanced models of liver metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the 64Cu-DOTA-labeled M5A antibody using PET in mice bearing CEA-positive liver metastases. Procedures Mice were injected intrasplenically with CEA-positive C15A.3 or CEA-negative MC38 cells and underwent micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to monitor the development of liver metastases. After metastases were detected, PET/MRI scans were performed with 64Cu-DOTA-labeled M5A antibodies. H&E staining, immunohistology, and autoradiography were performed to confirm the micro-CT and PET/MRI findings. Results PET/MRI showed that M5A uptake was highest in CEA-positive metastases. The %ID/cm3 (16.5%±6.3%) was significantly increased compared to healthy liver tissue (8.6%±0.9%) and to CEA-negative metastases (5.5%±0.6%). The tumor-to-liver ratio of C15A.3 metastases and healthy liver tissue was 1.9±0.7. Autoradiography and immunostaining confirmed the micro-CT and PET/MRI findings. Conclusion We show here that the 64Cu-DOTA-labeled M5A antibody imaged by PET can detect CEA positive liver metastases and is therefore a potential tool for staging cancer, stratifying the patients or radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Nittka
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Krueger
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Hanne Boll
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc A. Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of the Rheinisch-Westfaehlische Technical University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Doyon
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Liu Y, Hu W, Lu Z, Li CM. ZnO nanomulberry and its significant nonenzymatic signal enhancement for protein microarray. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:7728-7734. [PMID: 24766196 DOI: 10.1021/am501015p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is very challenging to make a highly sensitive protein microarray because of its lack of a universal signal amplification method like PCR used in DNA microarray. The current strategies to improve the sensitivity mainly rely on a unique nanostructured substrate or enzymatically catalyzed signal amplification, of which the former requires a complicated and time-consuming fabrication process while the latter suffers from high cost and poor stability of enzymes as well as downstream biochemical reactions. In this work, an inexpensive ZnO nanomulberry (NMB) decorated glass slide is investigated as a superior substrate to nonenzymatically amplify the signal of protein microarray for sensitive detection, accomplishing a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg mL(-1) and a broad dynamic range of 1 pg mL(-1) to 1 μg mL(-1) to detect an important cancer biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 10% human serum. The excellent performance is attributed to ZnO NMB possessing high-density loading of capture antibody and intrinsic enhancement of fluorescence emission. The substrate preparation is simple without using any expensive equipment and complicated technique while offering advantages of low autofluorescence, versatility for various fluorophores, and excellent compatibility with existing microarray fabrication techniques. Thus, a ZnO NMB based protein microarray holds great promise for developing a low cost, sensitive, and high throughput protein assay platform for broad applications in both fundamental research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Liu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University , No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
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