1
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Craciunescu L, Asbach M, Wirsing S, Hammer S, Unger F, Broch K, Schreiber F, Witte G, Dreuw A, Tegeder P, Fantuzzi F, Engels B. Cluster-Based Approach Utilizing Optimally Tuned TD-DFT to Calculate Absorption Spectra of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9369-9387. [PMID: 38073092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The photophysics of organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films or crystals has garnered significant attention in recent years since a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the various processes occurring upon photoexcitation is crucial for assessing the efficiency of OSC materials. To date, research in this area has relied on methods using Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonians, calculations of the GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation with periodic boundaries, or cluster-based approaches using quantum chemical methods, with each of the three approaches having distinct advantages and disadvantages. In this work, we introduce an optimally tuned, range-separated time-dependent density functional theory approach to accurately reproduce the total and polarization-resolved absorption spectra of pentacene, tetracene, and perylene thin films, all representative OSC materials. Our approach achieves excellent agreement with experimental data (mostly ≤0.1 eV) when combined with the utilization of clusters comprising multiple monomers and a standard polarizable continuum model to simulate the thin-film environment. Our protocol therefore addresses a major drawback of cluster-based approaches and makes them attractive tools for OSC investigations. Its key advantages include its independence from external, system-specific fitting parameters and its straightforward application with well-known quantum chemical program codes. It demonstrates how chemical intuition can help to reduce computational cost and still arrive at chemically meaningful and almost quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Craciunescu
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, U.K
| | - Maximilian Asbach
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, H3A 2K6 Québec, Canada
| | - Frederik Unger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Molekulare Festkörperphysik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, CT2 7NH Canterbury, U.K
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Gatsios C, Opitz A, Lungwitz D, Mansour AE, Schultz T, Shin D, Hammer S, Pflaum J, Zhang Y, Barlow S, Marder SR, Koch N. Surface doping of rubrene single crystals by molecular electron donors and acceptors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29718-29726. [PMID: 37882732 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The surface molecular doping of organic semiconductors can play an important role in the development of organic electronic or optoelectronic devices. Single-crystal rubrene remains a leading molecular candidate for applications in electronics due to its high hole mobility. In parallel, intensive research into the fabrication of flexible organic electronics requires the careful design of functional interfaces to enable optimal device characteristics. To this end, the present work seeks to understand the effect of surface molecular doping on the electronic band structure of rubrene single crystals. Our angle-resolved photoemission measurements reveal that the Fermi level moves in the band gap of rubrene depending on the direction of surface electron-transfer reactions with the molecular dopants, yet the valence band dispersion remains essentially unperturbed. This indicates that surface electron-transfer doping of a molecular single crystal can effectively modify the near-surface charge density, while retaining good charge-carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Gatsios
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Opitz
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dominique Lungwitz
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ahmed E Mansour
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schultz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongguen Shin
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Applied Energy Research e.V., Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Seth R Marder
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Neef A, Beaulieu S, Hammer S, Dong S, Maklar J, Pincelli T, Xian RP, Wolf M, Rettig L, Pflaum J, Ernstorfer R. Orbital-resolved observation of singlet fission. Nature 2023; 616:275-279. [PMID: 37045918 PMCID: PMC10097594 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission1-13 may boost photovoltaic efficiency14-16 by transforming a singlet exciton into two triplet excitons and thereby doubling the number of excited charge carriers. The primary step of singlet fission is the ultrafast creation of the correlated triplet pair17. Whereas several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this step, none has emerged as a consensus. The challenge lies in tracking the transient excitonic states. Here we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to observe the primary step of singlet fission in crystalline pentacene. Our results indicate a charge-transfer mediated mechanism with a hybridization of Frenkel and charge-transfer states in the lowest bright singlet exciton. We gained intimate knowledge about the localization and the orbital character of the exciton wave functions recorded in momentum maps. This allowed us to directly compare the localization of singlet and bitriplet excitons and decompose energetically overlapping states on the basis of their orbital character. Orbital- and localization-resolved many-body dynamics promise deep insights into the mechanics governing molecular systems18-20 and topological materials21-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neef
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Samuel Beaulieu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- CELIA, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shuo Dong
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Maklar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Pincelli
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Patrick Xian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Wolf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurenz Rettig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Barvarian Centre for Applied Energy Research, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Hammer S, Linderl T, Tvingstedt K, Brütting W, Pflaum J. Spectroscopic analysis of vibrational coupling in multi-molecular excited states. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:221-234. [PMID: 36367085 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multi-molecular excited states accompanied by intra- and inter-molecular geometric relaxation are commonly encountered in optical and electrooptical studies and applications of organic semiconductors as, for example, excimers or charge transfer states. Understanding the dynamics of these states is crucial to improve organic devices such as light emitting diodes and solar cells. Their full microscopic description, however, demands sophisticated tools such as ab initio quantum chemical calculations which come at the expense of high computational costs and are prone to errors by assumptions as well as iterative algorithmic procedures. Hence, the analysis of spectroscopic data is often conducted at a phenomenological level only. Here, we present a toolkit to analyze temperature dependent luminescence data and gain first insights into the relevant microscopic parameters of the molecular system at hand. By means of a Franck-Condon based approach considering a single effective inter-molecular vibrational mode and different potentials for the ground and excited state we are able to explain the luminescence spectra of such multi-molecular states. We demonstrate that by applying certain reasonable simplifications the luminescence of charge transfer states as well as excimers can be satisfactorily reproduced for temperatures ranging from cryogenics to above room temperature. We present a semi-classical and a quantum-mechanical description of our model and, for both cases, demonstrate its applicability by analyzing the temperature dependent luminescence of the amorphous donor-acceptor heterojunction tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene:C60 as well as polycrystalline zinc-phthalocyanine to reproduce the luminescence spectra and extract relevant system parameters such as the excimer binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hammer
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Theresa Linderl
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Kristofer Tvingstedt
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Brütting
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilian University Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Hammer S, Schlitt JH, Uller W, Doppler CM. Kombinierte CT-Arterioportographie-Arteriosplenographie bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit portaler Hypertension: Vergleich mit der Standardschnittbildgebung und Ösophagogastroskopie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Regensburg
| | - J H Schlitt
- Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - W Uller
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - C M Doppler
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
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Ji L, Riese S, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Fest M, Nitsch J, Curchod BFE, Friedrich A, Wu L, Al Mamari HH, Hammer S, Pflaum J, Fox MA, Tozer DJ, Finze M, Lambert C, Marder TB. Thermodynamic equilibrium between locally excited and charge-transfer states through thermally activated charge transfer in 1-(pyren-2'-yl)- o-carborane. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5205-5219. [PMID: 35655553 PMCID: PMC9093154 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible conversion between excited-states plays an important role in many photophysical phenomena. Using 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-o-carborane as a model, we studied the photoinduced reversible charge-transfer (CT) process and the thermodynamic equilibrium between the locally-excited (LE) state and CT state, by combining steady state, time-resolved, and temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy, fs- and ns-transient absorption, and DFT and LR-TDDFT calculations. Our results show that the energy gaps and energy barriers between the LE, CT, and a non-emissive 'mixed' state of 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-o-carborane are very small, and all three excited states are accessible at room temperature. The internal-conversion and reverse internal-conversion between LE and CT states are significantly faster than the radiative decay, and the two states have the same lifetimes and are in thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi China .,Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Riese
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maximillian Fest
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hamad H Al Mamari
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University PO Box 36, Al Khoudh 123 Muscat Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mark A Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - David J Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Craciunescu L, Wirsing S, Hammer S, Broch K, Dreuw A, Fantuzzi F, Sivanesan V, Tegeder P, Engels B. Accurate Polarization-Resolved Absorption Spectra of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films Using First-Principles Quantum-Chemical Methods: Pentacene as a Case Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3726-3731. [PMID: 35442698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies using clusters as model systems have been extremely successful in explaining various photophysical phenomena in organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films. But they have not been able to satisfactorily simulate total and polarization-resolved absorption spectra of OSCs so far. In this work, we demonstrate that accurate spectra are predicted by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) when the employed cluster reflects the symmetry of the crystal structure and all monomers feel the same environment. Additionally, long-range corrected optimal tuned functionals are mandatory. For pentacene thin films, the computed electronic spectra for thin films then reach an impressive accuracy compared with experimental data with a deviation of less than 0.1 eV. This allows for accurate peak assignments and mechanistic studies, which paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of OSCs using an affordable and easy-to-use cluster approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Craciunescu
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Park Wood Road, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K
| | - Vipilan Sivanesan
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Mayer S, Munz E, Hammer S, Wagner S, Guendel A, Rolletschek H, Jakob PM, Borisjuk L, Neuberger T. Quantitative monitoring of paramagnetic contrast agents and their allocation in plant tissues via DCE-MRI. Plant Methods 2022; 18:47. [PMID: 35410361 PMCID: PMC8996644 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying dynamic processes in living organisms with MRI is one of the most promising research areas. The use of paramagnetic compounds as contrast agents (CA), has proven key to such studies, but so far, the lack of appropriate techniques limits the application of CA-technologies in experimental plant biology. The presented proof-of-principle aims to support method and knowledge transfer from medical research to plant science. RESULTS In this study, we designed and tested a new approach for plant Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (pDCE-MRI). The new approach has been applied in situ to a cereal crop (Hordeum vulgare). The pDCE-MRI allows non-invasive investigation of CA allocation within plant tissues. In our experiments, gadolinium-DTPA, the most commonly used contrast agent in medical MRI, was employed. By acquiring dynamic T1-maps, a new approach visualizes an alteration of a tissue-specific MRI parameter T1 (longitudinal relaxation time) in response to the CA. Both, the measurement of local CA concentration and the monitoring of translocation in low velocity ranges (cm/h) was possible using this CA-enhanced method. CONCLUSIONS A novel pDCE-MRI method is presented for non-invasive investigation of paramagnetic CA allocation in living plants. The temporal resolution of the T1-mapping has been significantly improved to enable the dynamic in vivo analysis of transport processes at low-velocity ranges, which are common in plants. The newly developed procedure allows to identify vascular regions and to estimate their involvement in CA allocation. Therefore, the presented technique opens a perspective for further development of CA-aided MRI experiments in plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mayer
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Munz
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Institute of Experimental Physics 6, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andre Guendel
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Peter M Jakob
- Institute of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Seeland-Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 113 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 113 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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9
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Grimm P, Zeißner S, Rödel M, Wiegand S, Hammer S, Emmerling M, Schatz E, Kullock R, Pflaum J, Hecht B. Color-Switchable Subwavelength Organic Light-Emitting Antennas. Nano Lett 2022; 22:1032-1038. [PMID: 35001635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Future photonic devices require efficient, multifunctional, electrically driven light sources with directional emission properties and subwavelength dimensions. Electrically driven plasmonic nanoantennas have been demonstrated as enabling technology. Here, we present the concept of a nanoscale organic light-emitting antenna (OLEA) as a color- and directionality-switchable point source. The device consists of laterally arranged electrically contacted gold nanoantennas with their gap filled by the organic semiconductor zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). Since ZnPc shows preferred hole conduction in combination with gold, the recombination zone relocates depending on the polarity of the applied voltage and couples selectively to either of the two antennas. Thereby, the emission characteristics of the device also depend on polarity. Contrary to large-area OLEDs where recombination at metal contacts significantly contributes to losses, our ultracompact OLEA structures facilitate efficient radiation into the far-field rendering transparent electrodes obsolete. We envision OLEA structures to serve as wavelength-scale pixels with tunable color and directionality for advanced display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grimm
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeißner
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rödel
- Experimentelle Physik 6, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Wiegand
- Experimentelle Physik 6, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik 6, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Emmerling
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Enno Schatz
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - René Kullock
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimentelle Physik 6, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimentelle Physik 5, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Hu X, Lucas E, Hammer S, Gopal P, Bhalla A, Panarelli N, Westerhoff M, Cheng J, Nalbantoglu I. H. pylori Pattern Gastritis with Negative Helicobacter Immunohistochemical Stain: Does A Specific Comment in Pathology Report Impact Clinical Management? Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
The clinical significance of H. pylori (HP) pattern of gastritis with a negative Helicobacter IHC stain on gastric biopsy is unclear. Some pathologists report this pattern in cases that are highly suggestive of HP infection with a comment raising the possibility of HP infection; however, the subsequent clinical management of these patients has not been well described.
Methods/Case Report
We conducted a retrospective comparison study of patients with gastric biopsy between 2016 and 2019. Group 1 included patients with chronic active or chronic inactive gastritis and negative HP IHC with a comment stating the gastritis pattern is suggestive of HP. Group 2 included patients with chronic active or chronic inactive gastritis and negative HP IHC with no comment about HP pattern.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
We identified 60 patients in Group 1 which were compared to 63 patients in Group 2. Group 1 more frequently had history of HP (48.3% vs. 29.1%, p<0.05). After diagnosis, Group 1 more frequently received treatment (51.7% vs. 20.6%, p<0.001). Of those who received treatment, Group 1 more frequently received HP treatment (triple or quadruple therapy; 21.7% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). History of HP did not affect whether a patient was treated (p>0.05). Following post-biopsy HP treatment, more patients in Group 1 received fecal antigen test (23.7% vs. 5.5%, p<0.01). Age, gender, NSAID and PPI use did not differ between groups.
Conclusion
Adding the diagnostic comment raising the possibility of HP for patients with HP pattern gastritis with negative HP IHC changes clinical management and it is independent of patients’ prior HP history.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - E Lucas
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - S Hammer
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - P Gopal
- Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Plano, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - A Bhalla
- Pathology, Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - N Panarelli
- Pathology, Albert Einstein/Montefiore Medical Center, The Bronx, New York, UNITED STATES
| | - M Westerhoff
- Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - J Cheng
- Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, UNITED STATES
| | - I Nalbantoglu
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, UNITED STATES
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11
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Helm M, Goldann C, Hammer S, Platz Batista da Silva N, Wildgruber M, Deistung A, Gussew A, Wohlgemuth WA, Uller W, Brill R. Vascular malformations of the female and male genitalia: type and distribution patterns revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:43-49. [PMID: 34236712 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular malformations of the genitalia often go undetected in clinical examination. These vascular malformations can cause a variety of clinical symptoms such as swelling, pain and bleeding. AIM To characterize the distribution patterns of genital vascular malformations using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate these patterns with clinical findings in order to guide diagnostic decisions. METHODS A retrospective analysis of MRIs of the pelvis and legs in 370 patients with vascular malformation was performed to determine the involvement of the internal and external genitalia. RESULTS In 71 patients (19%), genital involvement could be identified by MRI. Of these, 11.3% (8 of 71) presented with internal involvement, 36.6% (26 of 71) with external involvement and 52.1% (37 of 71) with both internal and external involvement. Over half (57.1%) of the 49 patients with visible external genital signs detected during a clinical examination had additional internal genital involvement. CONCLUSIONS Genital involvement is a common finding in patients with vascular malformation of the legs and/or pelvis. Based on our data, we recommend MRI of the legs and pelvic region in patients with externally visible signs of a vascular malformation of the external genitalia in order to exclude additional internal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helm
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - C Goldann
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Hammer
- Department of Radiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - M Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - A Deistung
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - A Gussew
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W A Wohlgemuth
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - W Uller
- Department of Radiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Brill
- Department of Radiology and Polyclinic of Radiology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
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12
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Seiler H, Krynski M, Zahn D, Hammer S, Windsor YW, Vasileiadis T, Pflaum J, Ernstorfer R, Rossi M, Schwoerer H. Nuclear dynamics of singlet exciton fission in pentacene single crystals. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/26/eabg0869. [PMID: 34172443 PMCID: PMC8232917 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission (SEF) is a key process for developing efficient optoelectronic devices. An aspect rarely probed directly, yet with tremendous impact on SEF properties, is the nuclear structure and dynamics involved in this process. Here, we directly observe the nuclear dynamics accompanying the SEF process in single crystal pentacene using femtosecond electron diffraction. The data reveal coherent atomic motions at 1 THz, incoherent motions, and an anisotropic lattice distortion representing the polaronic character of the triplet excitons. Combining molecular dynamics simulations, time-dependent density-functional theory, and experimental structure factor analysis, the coherent motions are identified as collective sliding motions of the pentacene molecules along their long axis. Such motions modify the excitonic coupling between adjacent molecules. Our findings reveal that long-range motions play a decisive part in the electronic decoupling of the electronically correlated triplet pairs and shed light on why SEF occurs on ultrafast time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Seiler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Marcin Krynski
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Experimentelle Physik VI, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Jens Pflaum
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Experimentelle Physik VI, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung, Magdalene-Schoch-Straße 3, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Mariana Rossi
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Schwoerer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Hammer S, Zeiser C, Deutsch M, Engels B, Broch K, Pflaum J. Spatial Anisotropy of Charge Transfer at Perfluoropentacene-Pentacene (001) Single-Crystal Interfaces and its Relevance for Thin Film Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:53547-53556. [PMID: 33167608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Archetypal donor-acceptor (D-A) interfaces composed of perfluoropentacene (PFP) and pentacene (PEN) are examined for charge transfer (CT) state formation and energetics as a function of their respective molecular configuration. To exclude morphological interference, our structural as well as highly sensitive differential reflectance spectroscopy studies were carried out on PFP thin films epitaxially grown on PEN(001) single-crystal facets. Whereas the experimental data supported by complementary theoretical calculations confirm the formation of a strong CT state in the case of a cofacial PFP-PEN stacking, CT formation is energetically less favorable and thus absent for the corresponding head-to-tail configuration as disclosed for the first time. In view of technological implementations, the knowledge gained on the single-crystal references is transferred to thin-film diodes composed of either stacked PFP/PEN bilayers or mixed PFP:PEN heterojunction interfaces. As demonstrated, their electronic and electroluminescent behavior can be consistently described by the absence or presence of interfacial CT states. Thus, our results hint at the thorough design of D-A interfaces to achieve the highest device performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hammer
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marian Deutsch
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Straße 3, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Ramonet M, Ciais P, Apadula F, Bartyzel J, Bastos A, Bergamaschi P, Blanc PE, Brunner D, Caracciolo di Torchiarolo L, Calzolari F, Chen H, Chmura L, Colomb A, Conil S, Cristofanelli P, Cuevas E, Curcoll R, Delmotte M, di Sarra A, Emmenegger L, Forster G, Frumau A, Gerbig C, Gheusi F, Hammer S, Haszpra L, Hatakka J, Hazan L, Heliasz M, Henne S, Hensen A, Hermansen O, Keronen P, Kivi R, Komínková K, Kubistin D, Laurent O, Laurila T, Lavric JV, Lehner I, Lehtinen KEJ, Leskinen A, Leuenberger M, Levin I, Lindauer M, Lopez M, Myhre CL, Mammarella I, Manca G, Manning A, Marek MV, Marklund P, Martin D, Meinhardt F, Mihalopoulos N, Mölder M, Morgui JA, Necki J, O'Doherty S, O'Dowd C, Ottosson M, Philippon C, Piacentino S, Pichon JM, Plass-Duelmer C, Resovsky A, Rivier L, Rodó X, Sha MK, Scheeren HA, Sferlazzo D, Spain TG, Stanley KM, Steinbacher M, Trisolino P, Vermeulen A, Vítková G, Weyrauch D, Xueref-Remy I, Yala K, Yver Kwok C. The fingerprint of the summer 2018 drought in Europe on ground-based atmospheric CO 2 measurements. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190513. [PMID: 32892733 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the summer of 2018, a widespread drought developed over Northern and Central Europe. The increase in temperature and the reduction of soil moisture have influenced carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways, such as a reduction of photosynthesis, changes in ecosystem respiration, or allowing more frequent fires. In this study, we characterize the resulting perturbation of the atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycles. 2018 has a good coverage of European regions affected by drought, allowing the investigation of how ecosystem flux anomalies impacted spatial CO2 gradients between stations. This density of stations is unprecedented compared to previous drought events in 2003 and 2015, particularly thanks to the deployment of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network of atmospheric greenhouse gas monitoring stations in recent years. Seasonal CO2 cycles from 48 European stations were available for 2017 and 2018. Earlier data were retrieved for comparison from international databases or national networks. Here, we show that the usual summer minimum in CO2 due to the surface carbon uptake was reduced by 1.4 ppm in 2018 for the 10 stations located in the area most affected by the temperature anomaly, mostly in Northern Europe. Notwithstanding, the CO2 transition phases before and after July were slower in 2018 compared to 2017, suggesting an extension of the growing season, with either continued CO2 uptake by photosynthesis and/or a reduction in respiration driven by the depletion of substrate for respiration inherited from the previous months due to the drought. For stations with sufficiently long time series, the CO2 anomaly observed in 2018 was compared to previous European droughts in 2003 and 2015. Considering the areas most affected by the temperature anomalies, we found a higher CO2 anomaly in 2003 (+3 ppm averaged over 4 sites), and a smaller anomaly in 2015 (+1 ppm averaged over 11 sites) compared to 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramonet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Ciais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Apadula
- Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico, Milan, Italy
| | - J Bartyzel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - P Bergamaschi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - P E Blanc
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Marseille, France
| | - D Brunner
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - F Calzolari
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
| | - H Chen
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Chmura
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Colomb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Conil
- DRD/OPE, Andra, Bure, France
| | - P Cristofanelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Cuevas
- Izana Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R Curcoll
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Delmotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A di Sarra
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - L Emmenegger
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - G Forster
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A Frumau
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - C Gerbig
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - F Gheusi
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UPS Université Toulouse 3, CNRS (UMR5560), Toulouse, France
| | - S Hammer
- University of Heidelberg, Institut fuer Umweltphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Haszpra
- Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Sopron, Hungary
| | - J Hatakka
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Hazan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Heliasz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Henne
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Hensen
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Petten, The Netherlands
| | - O Hermansen
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Keronen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kivi
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Komínková
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Kubistin
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - O Laurent
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Laurila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J V Lavric
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - I Lehner
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K E J Lehtinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Leuenberger
- University of Bern, Physics Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics Division and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Levin
- University of Heidelberg, Institut fuer Umweltphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Lindauer
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - M Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Lund Myhre
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - A Manning
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M V Marek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Marklund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, 92291 Vindeln, Sweden
| | - D Martin
- Environmental Protection Agency, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - N Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, University of Crete, Greece
| | - M Mölder
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science (INES), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J A Morgui
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Necki
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland
| | - S O'Doherty
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C O'Dowd
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Ottosson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Unit for Field-based Forest Research, 92291 Vindeln, Sweden
| | - C Philippon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Piacentino
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - J M Pichon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR 6016, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Plass-Duelmer
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - A Resovsky
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Rivier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - X Rodó
- Climate and Health Programme (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGLOBAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M K Sha
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - H A Scheeren
- Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Sferlazzo
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - T G Spain
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - K M Stanley
- Atmospheric Chemistry Research Group School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Steinbacher
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Trisolino
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - G Vítková
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Weyrauch
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
| | - I Xueref-Remy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Marseille, France
| | - K Yala
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Yver Kwok
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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15
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Provencher JF, Liboiron M, Borrelle SB, Bond AL, Rochman C, Lavers JL, Avery-Gomm S, Yamashita R, Ryan PG, Lusher AL, Hammer S, Bradshaw H, Khan J, Mallory ML. A Horizon Scan of research priorities to inform policies aimed at reducing the harm of plastic pollution to biota. Sci Total Environ 2020; 733:139381. [PMID: 32446089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the oceans is a priority environmental issue. The recent increase in research on the topic, coupled with growing public awareness, has catalyzed policymakers around the world to identify and implement solutions that minimize the harm caused by plastic pollution. To aid and coordinate these efforts, we surveyed experts with scientific experience identified through their peer-reviewed publications. We asked experts about the most pressing research questions relating to how biota interact with plastic pollution that in turn can inform policy decisions and research agendas to best contribute to understanding and reducing the harm of plastic pollution to biota. We used a modified Horizon Scan method that first used a subgroup of experts to generate 46 research questions on aquatic biota and plastics, and then conducted an online survey of researchers globally to prioritize questions in terms of their importance to inform policy development. One hundred and fifteen experts from 29 countries ranked research questions in six themes. The questions were ranked by urgency, indicating which research should be addressed immediately, which can be addressed later, and which are of limited relevance to inform action on plastics as an environmental pollutant. We found that questions relating to the following four themes were the most commonly top-ranked research priorities: (i) sources, circulation and distribution of plastics, (ii) type of harm from plastics, (iii) detection of ingested plastics and the associated problems, and (iv) related economies and policy to ingested plastics. While there are many research questions on the topic of impacts of plastic pollution on biota that could be funded and investigated, our results focus collective priorities in terms of research that experts believe will inform effective policy and on-the-ground conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Provencher
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 Boulevard Saint-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec J8Y 3Z5, Canada.
| | - M Liboiron
- Department of Geography, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - S B Borrelle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada; David H. Smith Conservation Research Program, Society for Conservation Biology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A L Bond
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Hertfordshire HP23 6AP, United Kingdom; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia.
| | - C Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - J L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia.
| | - S Avery-Gomm
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - R Yamashita
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
| | - P G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - A L Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - S Hammer
- Environment Agency, Traðagøta 38, FO-165 Argir, Faroe Islands.
| | - H Bradshaw
- Program in Environmental Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - J Khan
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 Boulevard Saint-Joseph, Gatineau, Quebec J8Y 3Z5, Canada
| | - M L Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Ave, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.
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16
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van Steekelenburg JM, van Weijnen A, de Pont LMH, Vijlbrief OD, Bommeljé CC, Koopman JP, Verbist BM, Blom HM, Hammer S. Value of Endolymphatic Hydrops and Perilymph Signal Intensity in Suspected Ménière Disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:529-534. [PMID: 32029469 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ménière disease is characterized by endolymphatic hydrops, whereas perilymphatic enhancement on MR imaging has been suggested to be of additional value in diagnosing Ménière disease. This study evaluates the presence of endolymphatic hydrops and perilymphatic enhancement in patients with Ménière disease and with other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D-FLAIR sequence 4 hours after intravenous gadolinium injection was performed to visualize the endolymph and perilymph in 220 patients suspected of having Ménière disease. Patients' ears were retrospectively categorized as having Ménière disease (probable or definite) or other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology not attributable to Ménière disease. Endolymphatic hydrops was evaluated using a visual classification system, and perilymphatic enhancement was scored both visually and quantitatively. RESULTS Endolymphatic hydrops was present in 137 (91.9%) of the definite Ménière disease ears and in 9 (7.0%) of the ears with other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology (P < .001). The combination of endolymphatic hydrops and visually increased perilymphatic enhancement was present in 122 (81.9%) definite Ménière disease ears compared with 4 (3.1%) ears with other vertigo-associated inner ear pathology (P < .001). This combination increases the positive predictive value from 0.94 for endolymphatic hydrops and 0.91 for perilymphatic enhancement to 0.97. The addition of measured perilymphatic enhancement leads to a moderate decrease in sensitivity from 0.92 for endolymphatic hydrops to 0.86. CONCLUSIONS The combination of perilymphatic enhancement and endolymphatic hydrops in patients suspected of having Ménière disease increases the positive predictive value in the diagnosis of definite Ménière disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A van Weijnen
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - L M H de Pont
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.v.S., L.M.H.d.P., S.H.)
| | - O D Vijlbrief
- Department of Radiology (O.D.V.), Ziekenhuis Groep Twente, Almelo, the Netherlands
| | - C C Bommeljé
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - J P Koopman
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - B M Verbist
- Department of Radiology (B.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H M Blom
- Otorhinolaryngology (A.v.W., C.C.B., J.P.K., H.M.B.), Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - S Hammer
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.v.S., L.M.H.d.P., S.H.)
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17
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Urlass S, Beyer R, Hammer S, Hartmann A, Junghans AR, Kögler T, Lutz B, Mingrone F, Müller S, Römer K, Scheibler D, Stach D, Szücs T, Tassan LG, Turkat S, Wagner A, Weinberger D. Measurement of the 16O(n, α) 13C cross-section using a Double Frisch Grid Ionization Chamber. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023901030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16O(n, α)13C reaction was proposed to be measured at the neutron time-of-flight (n_TOF) facility of CERN. To this purpose, a Double Frisch Grid Ionization Chamber (DFGIC) containing the oxygen atoms as a component in the counting gas coupled with a switch device in order to prevent the charge collection from the so-called γ-flash has been developed at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), in Germany. The first 16O(n, α)13C measurement without seeing the charge of the γ-flash at n_TOF has been performed in November 2018. After the electronics did not suffer from the y-flash any more, another huge charge collection was discovered. Due to the high instantaneous flux at the n_TOF facility [1] the amount of that induced charge from neutron induced background reactions was piling up so much that the recognition of 16O(n, α)13C reactions from that background was very difficult. For that reason another 16O(n, α)13C measurement at the time-of-flight facility nELBE at HZDR which has a low instantaneous flux [2], has been performed in April 2019. Both measurements from n_TOF and nELBE will be presented here.
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18
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Chamseddin B, Hosler G, Hammer S, Wang R. 1026 Assessment of novel biomarkers in anal squamous cell carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Hagen K, Hammer S, Frei S, Ortmann S, Głogowski R, Kreuzer M, Clauss M. Digestive physiology, resting metabolism and methane production of captive Indian crested porcupine ( Hystrix indica). J Anim Feed Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/102741/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Adrian J, Bonsignore P, Hammer S, Frickey T, Hauck CR. Adaptation to Host-Specific Bacterial Pathogens Drives Rapid Evolution of a Human Innate Immune Receptor. Curr Biol 2019; 29:616-630.e5. [PMID: 30744974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The selective pressure by infectious agents is a major driving force in the evolution of humans and other mammals. Members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family serve as receptors for bacterial pathogens of the genera Haemophilus, Helicobacter, Neisseria, and Moraxella, which engage CEACAMs via distinct surface adhesins. While microbial attachment to epithelial CEACAMs facilitates host colonization, recognition by CEACAM3, a phagocytic receptor expressed by granulocytes, eliminates CEACAM-binding bacteria. Sequence analysis of primate CEACAM3 orthologs reveals that this innate immune receptor is one of the most rapidly evolving human proteins. In particular, the pathogen-binding extracellular domain of CEACAM3 shows a high degree of non-synonymous versus synonymous nucleotide exchanges, indicating an exceptionally strong positive selection. Using CEACAM3 domains derived from different primates, we find that the amino acid alterations found in CEACAM3 translate into characteristic binding patterns for bacterial adhesins. One such amino acid residue is F62 in human and chimp CEACAM3, which is not present in other primates and which is critical for binding the OMP P1 adhesin of Haemophilus aegyptius. Incorporation of the F62-containing motif into gorilla CEACAM3 results in a gain-of-function phenotype with regard to phagocytosis of H. aegyptius. Moreover, CEACAM3 polymorphisms found in human subpopulations widen the spectrum of recognized bacterial adhesins, suggesting an ongoing multivariate selection acting on this innate immune receptor. The species-specific detection of diverse bacterial adhesins helps to explain the exceptionally fast evolution of CEACAM3 within the primate lineage and provides an example of Red Queen dynamics in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Adrian
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrizia Bonsignore
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tancred Frickey
- Forest Industry Informatics, Scion, Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 49 Sala Street, 3015 Rotorua, New Zealand; Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School-Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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21
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Morris J, Hammer S. Consortia Taking Responsibility for their Technology Ecosystem: Cultivating Agency with Emerging Community Owned Solutions. Journal of Library Administration 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01930826.2018.1549411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Morris
- Associate Director, Pennsylvania Academic Library Consortium, Inc. Drexel Hill, PA, USA
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22
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Wang S, Zhu M, Hammer S, Shen J, Nassour I, Mansour J, Agarwal D, Zhu H, Porembka M. Patient derived xenografts from American minority gastric cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Bemmerer D, Cowan TE, Grieger M, Hammer S, Hensel T, Junghans AR, Koppitz M, Ludwig F, Müller SE, Rimarzig B, Reinicke S, Schwengner R, Stöckel K, Szücs T, Takács MP, Turkat S, Wagner A, Wagner L, Zuber K. Felsenkeller 5 MV underground accelerator: Towards the Holy Grail of Nuclear Astrophysics 12C( α, γ) 16O. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817801008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-background experiments with stable ion beams are an important tool for putting the model of stellar hydrogen, helium, and carbon burning on a solid experimental foundation. The pioneering work in this regard has been done by the LUNA collaboration at Gran Sasso, using a 0.4 MV accelerator. The present contribution reviews the status of the project for a higher-energy underground accelerator in Felsenkeller, Germany. Results from γ-ray, neutron, and muon background measurements in the Felsenkeller underground site in Dresden, Germany, show that the background conditions are satisfactory.
Two tunnels of the Felsenkeller site have recently been refurbished for the installation of a 5MV high-current Pelletron accelerator. Civil construction work has completed in March 2018. The accelerator will provide intense, 50 μA, beams of 1H+, 4He+, and 12C+ ions, enabling research on astrophysically relevant nuclear reactions with unprecedented sensitivity.
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Choynowski J, Kim J, Capaldi V, Agnew J, Hammer S, Brager A. 0204 Advantage Of Single-effort Ultra-marathons To Examine Homeostatic Loads And Circadian Properties Of Human Endurance Under Total Sleep Deprivation. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Choynowski
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - J Kim
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - V Capaldi
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - J Agnew
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL
| | - S Hammer
- Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, FL
| | - A Brager
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
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25
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Tahas SA, Hetzel U, Altenbrunner-Martinek B, Martin Jurado O, Hammer S, Arif A, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Microanatomy of the digestive tract, hooves and some visceral organs of addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) following a concentrate or forage feeding regime. Anat Histol Embryol 2018. [PMID: 29520834 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis is a common disease in captive non-domesticated ruminants and is mainly diagnosed by rumen fluid pH and rumen histology. Furthermore, differences in ruminant gastrointestinal histology have been hypothesized to correlate with the browser-grazer continuum. Twelve surplus addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) were divided into two groups, fed either their usual diet, consisting of a concentrate feed with a limited amount of hay, or a diet of unlimited hay only, for 3 months. After culling, descriptive and morphometric histology and pH measurements were compared between groups. Significant variations in cellular subpopulations were noted between groups, with roughage-fed individuals presenting primarily with balloon cells of the Stratum corneum and living layer cell vacuolization, whereas parakeratosis and intermediate-type cells were more frequent in the concentrate-fed group. Lesions typical of subacute ruminal acidosis were significantly more pronounced in concentrate-fed individuals. Ruminal pH measurements did not differ significantly, but were more consistent in forage-fed individuals, indicating a more stable reticuloruminal environment. The results indicate that ruminal histology may be more appropriate in assessing ruminal health compared to a single post-mortem pH measurement. It is proposed that Stratum corneum balloon cells may indicate cell maturation and not, as previously assumed, hyperfunction. Concentrate-fed individuals scored higher on the presence of inflammatory cells on hoof corium histology. The study further emphasizes the adaptability of ruminant digestive tract microanatomy in adult animals even after a short period of time and the positive effects an increased roughage diet may have in populations of captive grazing ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Tahas
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - O Martin Jurado
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Arif
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, Doha, Qatar
| | - J-M Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Kerkhof M, Ganeff I, Wiggenraad RGJ, Lycklama À Nijeholt GJ, Hammer S, Taphoorn MJB, Dirven L, Vos MJ. Clinical applicability of and changes in perfusion MR imaging in brain metastases after stereotactic radiotherapy. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:133-139. [PMID: 29392588 PMCID: PMC5928168 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
To assess the applicability of perfusion-weighted (PWI) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in clinical practice, as well as to evaluate the changes in PWI in brain metastases before and after stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), and to correlate these changes to tumor status on conventional MR imaging. Serial MR images at baseline and at least 3 and 6 months after SRT were retrospectively evaluated. Size of metastases and the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), assessed with subjective visual inspection in the contrast enhanced area, were evaluated at each time point. Tumor behavior of metastases was categorized into four groups based on predefined changes on MRI during follow-up, or on histologically confirmed diagnosis; progressive disease (PD), pseudoprogression (PsPD), non-progressive disease (non-PD) and progression unspecified (PU). Twenty-six patients with 42 metastases were included. Fifteen percent (26/168) of all PW images could not be evaluated due to localization near large vessels or the scalp, presence of hemorrhage artefacts, and in 31% (52/168) due to unmeasurable residual metastases. The most common pattern (52%, 13/25 metastases) showed a high rCBV at baseline and low rCBV during follow-up, occurring in metastases with non-PD (23%, 3/13), PsPD (38%, 5/13) and PU (38%, 5/13). Including only metastases with a definite outcome generally showed low rCBV in PsPD or non-PD, and high rCBV in PD. Although non-PD and PsPD may be distinguished from PD after SRT using the PW images, the large proportion of images that could not be assessed due to artefacts and size severely hampers value of PWI in predicting tumor response after SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerkhof
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - I Ganeff
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - R G J Wiggenraad
- Department of Radiotherapy, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - S Hammer
- Department of Radiology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - M J B Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Dirven
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J Vos
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, PO Box 432, 2501 CK, The Hague, The Netherlands
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27
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Oda A, Messenger K, Carbajal L, Gardner B, Hammer S, Cerreta A, Lewbart G, Posner L, Bailey K. Plasma propofol concentrations and pharmacodynamic effects in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) following exposure via immersion. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Tahas SA, Martin Jurado O, Hammer S, Arif A, Reese S, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Gross Measurements of the Digestive Tract and Visceral Organs of Addax Antelope (Addax nasomaculatus
) Following a Concentrate or Forage Feeding Regime. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:282-293. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Tahas
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - O. Martin Jurado
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Hammer
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation; P.O. Box 44069 Doha Qatar
| | - A. Arif
- Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation; P.O. Box 44069 Doha Qatar
| | - S. Reese
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Veterinary Faculty; LMU Munich; Veterinärstr. 13 80539 Munich Germany
| | - J.-M. Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Zurich; 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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29
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Kerkhof M, Ganeff I, Wiggenraad RG, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Hammer S, Taphoorn MJ, Dirven L, Vos MJ. P13.16 Changes in perfusion MR imaging in brain metastases after stereotactic radiotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now188.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Hammer S, McDonald M, Ginader T, Stockman S, Bender D, Bosquet J, Stephan J, Goodheart M. Factors that influence gynecologic cancer patient participation in clinical trials. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Hammer S, Nager RG, Johnson PCD, Furness RW, Provencher JF. Plastic debris in great skua (Stercorarius skua) pellets corresponds to seabird prey species. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 103:206-210. [PMID: 26763326 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is a common item in marine environments. Studies assessing seabird ingestion of plastics have focused on species that ingest plastics mistaken for prey items. Few studies have examined a scavenger and predatory species that are likely to ingest plastics indirectly through their prey items, such as the great skua (Stercorarius skua). We examined 1034 regurgitated pellets from a great skua colony in the Faroe Islands for plastics and found approximately 6% contained plastics. Pellets containing remains of Northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) had the highest prevalence of plastic. Our findings support previous work showing that Northern fulmars have higher loads of plastics than other sympatric species. This study demonstrates that marine plastic debris is transferred from surface feeding seabird species to predatory great skuas. Examination of plastic ingestion in species that do not ingest plastics directly can provide insights into how plastic particles transfer vertically within the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - R G Nager
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - P C D Johnson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - R W Furness
- MacArthur Green, 95 South Woodside Road, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J F Provencher
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Hoffstetter P, Hammer S, Dornia C, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer A. Wie die Zeit vergeht – lohnt sich eine Intensivierung der Wartezeitbetreuung in der Radiologie? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1550832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Liao L(H, Trama A, Williams W, Moody M, Vandergrift N, Tomaras G, Marshall D, Gurley T, Whitesides J, Eudailey J, Foulger A, Parks R, Stolarchuk C, Lloyd K, Soderberg K, Mascola J, Koup R, Corey L, Nabel G, Gilber P, Morgan C, Maenza J, Keefer M, Hammer S, Churchyard G, Montefior D, Graham B, Baden L, Kepler T, Haynes B. Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Shaping the B Cell Repertoire in HIV Infection and Env Vaccination. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5023a.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Larry (Huaxin) Liao
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - A.M. Trama
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - W.B. Williams
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - M.A. Moody
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nathan Vandergrift
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - G.D. Tomaras
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - D.J. Marshall
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - T. Gurley
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J. Whitesides
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J. Eudailey
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - A. Foulger
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Parks
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C. Stolarchuk
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K.E. Lloyd
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K. Soderberg
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - J.R. Mascola
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R. Koup
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L. Corey
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - G.B. Nabel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - P. Gilber
- University of Washington, SCHARP, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - C. Morgan
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - J. Maenza
- University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M. Keefer
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Division of Infectious Disease, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - S. Hammer
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - D.C. Montefior
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - B.S Graham
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L.R. Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - T.B. Kepler
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - B.F. Haynes
- Duke University Medical Center, Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
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Uller W, Wohlgemuth W, Hammer S, Knoppke B, Goessmann H, Loss M, Schlitt H, Stroszczynski C, Zorger N, Heiss P. Percutaneous Treatment of Biliary Complications in Pediatric Patients After Liver Transplantation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 186:1127-33. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - S. Hammer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - B. Knoppke
- KUNO University Children’s Hospital Regensburg, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - H. Goessmann
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - M. Loss
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - H. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | | | - N. Zorger
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - P. Heiss
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of fluoroscopic imaging during closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of intra-articular thumb metacarpal fractures. Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation was assessed in eight simulated intra-articular thumb metacarpal fractures, using fluoroscopy and digital radiographs. Displacement and fracture step-off were measured during fluoroscopy, on plain radiographs, and by direct visualization after careful dissection. Displacement on fluoroscopy was 0.8 (SD 1.0) mm and 1.2 (SD 1.4) with radiographic imaging. Direct visualization showed displacement of 0.9 (SD 1.2) mm. Intra-articular step-off on fluoroscopy was 0.8 (SD 1.0) mm and 0.8 (SD 0.8) with radiographic imaging. Direct visualization showed an intra-articular step-off of 0.8 (SD 1.2) mm. Statistical analysis showed excellent compatibility between fluoroscopy and direct visualization. Fluoroscopic visualization during surgery provides an adequate assessment of articular step-off and displacement in comparison with radiographs and direct visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P A Greeven
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Uller W, Müller-Wille R, Loss M, Hammer S, Schleder S, Goessmann H, Wiggermann P, Stroszczynski C, Wohlgemuth W. Percutaneous Management of Postoperative Bile Leaks with an Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:1182-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Uller
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - R. Müller-Wille
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - M. Loss
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - S. Hammer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - S. Schleder
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - H. Goessmann
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | - P. Wiggermann
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
| | | | - W. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Regensburg
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38
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Jordan MR, Bennett DE, Wainberg MA, Havlir D, Hammer S, Yang C, Morris L, Peeters M, Wensing AM, Parkin N, Nachega JB, Phillips A, De Luca A, Geng E, Calmy A, Raizes E, Sandstrom P, Archibald CP, Perriëns J, McClure CM, Hong SY, McMahon JH, Dedes N, Sutherland D, Bertagnolio S. Update on World Health Organization HIV drug resistance prevention and assessment strategy: 2004-2011. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54 Suppl 4:S245-9. [PMID: 22544182 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) prevention and assessment strategy, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in partnership with HIVResNet, includes monitoring of HIVDR early warning indicators, surveys to assess acquired and transmitted HIVDR, and development of an accredited HIVDR genotyping laboratory network to support survey implementation in resource-limited settings. As of June 2011, 52 countries had implemented at least 1 element of the strategy, and 27 laboratories had been accredited. As access to antiretrovirals expands under the WHO/Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS Treatment 2.0 initiative, it is essential to strengthen HIVDR surveillance efforts in the face of increasing concern about HIVDR emergence and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Jordan
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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39
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Williams WB, Jones K, Krambrink A, Grove D, Liu P, Yates NL, Moody MA, Ferrari G, Pollara J, Moodie Z, Morgan CA, Liao H, Montefiori DC, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes J, Hammer S, Mascola J, Koup R, Corey L, Nabel G, Gilbert P, Churchyard G, Keefer M, Graham BS, Haynes BF, Tomaras GD. Multiple antibody specificities (gp41, V1V2, and V3) elicited in the phase II multiclade (A, B, C) HIV-1 DNA prime, rAd5 boost vaccine trial. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441791 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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40
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Snel M, Jonker JT, Hammer S, Kerpershoek G, Lamb HJ, Meinders AE, Pijl H, de Roos A, Romijn JA, Smit JWA, Jazet IM. Long-term beneficial effect of a 16-week very low calorie diet on pericardial fat in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1572-6. [PMID: 22282049 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pericardial fat accumulation has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. A very low calorie diet (VLCD) improves the cardiovascular risk profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by improving the metabolic profile, heart function, and triglyceride (TG) stores in (non)adipose tissues. However, long-term effects of a VLCD on pericardial fat volume and tissue-specific TG accumulation have not been documented. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the effects of a 16-week VLCD and of subsequent 14 months follow-up on a regular diet on pericardial fat in relation to other TG stores in obese T2DM patients. We included 14 obese patients with insulin-treated T2DM (mean ± s.e.m.: age 53 ± 2 years; BMI 35 ± 1 kg/m(2)). Pericardial fat and other (non)adipose TG stores were measured using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proton spectroscopy before and after a 16-week VLCD and after a 14-month follow-up without dietary interventions. A 16-week VLCD reduced body weight, pericardial fat, hepatic TG content, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat volumes to 78, 83, 16, 40, and 53% of baseline values respectively, (all P < 0.05). After an additional 14 months of follow-up on a regular diet, the reduction in pericardial fat volume sustained, despite a substantial regain in body weight, visceral abdominal fat, and hepatic TG content (respectively 90, 83 and 73% of baseline values). In conclusion, VLCD-induced weight loss in obese T2DM patients is accompanied by a substantial decrease in pericardial fat volume, which is sustained even after subsequent weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Snel
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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41
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Hoffstetter P, Hammer S, Röhrl S, Dendl LM, Dornia C, Rennert J, Müller-Wille R, Wiggermann P, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. [As time goes by--is it worth intensifying patient care during the waiting period for radiological examinations?]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012; 184:1043-8. [PMID: 22851298 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Service characteristics in hospital care in general have a high influence on patients' contentment. One of the key features of good service is waiting time. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of ambience and individual care while waiting for a radiological examination on patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted prospectively and included and total of 100 patients at a tertiary care center. All patients waiting for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and were randomly divided into two groups. 50 patients waited under regular circumstances, i.e. the normal waiting ara of our radiological department, whilst the remaining 50 patients spent their waiting time in a separate small waiting area with intensified care and service. Both subjective and objective waiting time and the patients' contentment were raised with a standardized questionnaire. Quality criteria mentioned by the patients were then ranked according to their importance. RESULTS Of all included patients 76 % were ambulant with an average age of 60 years (range 22 - 83 years) and 69 % female. These characteristics were identical in both groups. With a mean waiting time of 90 minutes (Group intensified care 100 minutes, group regular care 81 minutes) most patients evaluated the overall service during waiting time as "good" to "ideal", only 2 % as of "low quality". No significant differences between the two study arms concerning the patient satisfaction could be detected. Patients with intensified care estimated their delay time significantly shorter by an average of 24 minutes (p < 0.02). For 40 % a detailed consent discussion was the main quality criterion, while a short waiting time only for 24 %. CONCLUSION An optimized, i.e. intensified care during the waiting time for a radiological examination results in a significant reduction of the subjective waiting time, but does not lead to a significantly higher patient contentment. The subjective judgement of examination quality seems to influence the acceptance of prolonged latency to a high degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hoffstetter
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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42
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Uller W, Huber T, Hammer S, Wohlgemuth W, Stroszczynski C, Schreyer AG. Stent-PTA der Vena Cava Inferior nach Lebertransplantation und -resektion. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Spitzer C, Hammer S, Löwe B, Grabe H, Barnow S, Rose M, Wingenfeld K, Freyberger H, Franke G. Die Kurzform des Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI -18): erste Befunde zu den psychometrischen Kennwerten der deutschen Version. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2011; 79:517-23. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Merk J, Hammer S, Rolff J, Becker M, Politz O, Sommer A, Klemm W, Hoffmann J, Fichtner I, Leschber G. Analyse von Stoffwechselwegen im primären Xenograftmodell unter Chemotherapie - Option zur Erforschung neuer antitumorigener Wirksubstanzen beim Lungenkarzinom? Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Dubey JP, Pas A, Rajendran C, Kwok OCH, Ferreira LR, Martins J, Hebel C, Hammer S, Su C. Toxoplasmosis in Sand cats (Felis margarita) and other animals in the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife in the United Arab Emirates and Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, the State of Qatar. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:195-203. [PMID: 20570441 PMCID: PMC7116901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Sand cat (Felis margarita) is a small-sized felid found in sand and stone deserts ranging from the north of Africa to Asia, with the Arabian Peninsula as its centre of distribution. The Sand cat captive breeding program at the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife (BCEAW), Sharjah, UAE, has experienced high newborn mortality rates, and congenital toxoplasmosis was recently recognized as one of the causes of this mortality. In the present study, one 18-month-old Sand cat (FM019) died of acute toxoplasmosis-associated hepatitis and pneumonitis acquired after birth; Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrated in histological sections which reacted with T. gondii polyclonal antibodies by immunohistochemistry (IHC). T. gondii DNA was found by PCR of extracted DNA from liver and lung tissues of this cat. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in serum examined in 1:1600 dilution in the modified agglutination test (MAT); its 2-year-old cage mate seroconverted (MAT titer 1:3200) at the same time. Another Sand cat (FM017) was euthanized because of ill health when 3 years old; its MAT titer was >1:3200, and T. gondii tissue cysts were found in brain, heart, ocular muscles and skeletal muscle, confirmed by IHC. Viable T. gondii was isolated by bioassays in mice inoculated with tissues of another chronically infected Sand cat (FM002); T. gondii was not found in histological sections of this cat. T. gondii antibodies were found in several species of animals tested, notably in 49 of 57 wild felids at BCEAW. A 7-year-old Sand cat (3657) from Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP), Doha, State of Qatar died of acute visceral toxoplasmosis with demonstrable T. gondii tachyzoites by IHC, and T. gondii DNA by PCR, and a MAT titer of >3200. T. gondii antibodies were found in 21 of 27 of wild felids at AWWP. PCR-RFLP genotyping at 10 genetic loci revealed that these T. gondii isolates from Sand cat (FM002 and FM019) at BCEAW have an atypical genotype, which was previously reported in T. gondii isolates of dogs from Sri Lanka. The genotype from the cat from AWWP (3657) is a genetic Type II strain with a Type I allele at locus Apico. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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46
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Luján L, Crespo T, Deb A, Arif A, Borjal R, Salazar E, Álvarez N, Pérez M, Dorrestein G, Hammer S. Aa Amyloidosis in Captive Beira Antelopes (Dorcatragus Megalotis) Linked to Mycoplasmal Pleuropneumonia. J Comp Pathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Hammer S, Meisner F, Dirschedl P, Fraunberger P, Meiser B, Reichart B, Hammer C. Procalcitonin for differential diagnosis of graft rejection and infection in patients with heart and/or lung grafts. Intensive Care Med 2009. [PMID: 18470717 PMCID: PMC7095472 DOI: 10.1007/s001340051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of the reliability of Procalcitonin (PCT) for differential diagnosis of acute rejections and non-viral infections in heart and lung transplanted patients. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Transplant intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. PATIENTS 57 heart, 18 lung and 3 heart-lung transplant patients. MEASUREMENTS PCT was measured in plasma samples of heart and lung transplanted patients using a commercial immuno-luminescence assay and was compared with values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes (WBC). RESULTS PCT was elevated in patients suffering from bacterial and fungal infections. The magnitude of values was clearly associated with the severity of the infection. Rejections and viral infections did not interfere with the PCT release. CONCLUSION PCT is a reliable predictor with discriminating power for non-viral systemic infections in patients after heart and/or lung transplantation. PCT allows an early differential diagnosis between rejection (AR) and bacterial/fungal infection (IF) and thus a rapid and focused therapeutic intervention. It avoids unnecessary antibiotic treatment which could be toxic for the graft itself in patients with rejection only. PCT provides vital information early to clinicians and allows them to improve the management of bacterial/fungal infections in immunocompromized transplant patients. PCT thus facilitates and improves the outcome of survival rate and the quality of life in the postoperative period of patients with heart and/or lung grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Inst.Surg.Res., Inst.Clin.Chem., Dept.Cardio-Thoracic Surg., IBE, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81366 Munich, Germany
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48
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Hammer S, Meisner F, Dirschedl P, Fraunberger P, Meiser B, Reichart B, Hammer C. Procalcitonin for differential diagnosis of graft rejection and infection in patients with heart and/or lung grafts. Intensive Care Med 2009; 26 Suppl 2:S182-6. [PMID: 18470717 DOI: 10.1007/bf02900735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of the reliability of Procalcitonin (PCT) for differential diagnosis of acute rejections and non-viral infections in heart and lung transplanted patients. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Transplant intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital. PATIENTS 57 heart, 18 lung and 3 heart-lung transplant patients. MEASUREMENTS PCT was measured in plasma samples of heart and lung transplanted patients using a commercial immuno-luminescence assay and was compared with values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes (WBC). RESULTS PCT was elevated in patients suffering from bacterial and fungal infections. The magnitude of values was clearly associated with the severity of the infection. Rejections and viral infections did not interfere with the PCT release. CONCLUSION PCT is a reliable predictor with discriminating power for non-viral systemic infections in patients after heart and/or lung transplantation. PCT allows an early differential diagnosis between rejection (AR) and bacterial/fungal infection (IF) and thus a rapid and focused therapeutic intervention. It avoids unnecessary antibiotic treatment which could be toxic for the graft itself in patients with rejection only. PCT provides vital information early to clinicians and allows them to improve the management of bacterial/fungal infections in immunocompromized transplant patients. PCT thus facilitates and improves the outcome of survival rate and the quality of life in the postoperative period of patients with heart and/or lung grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hammer
- Inst.Surg.Res., Inst.Clin.Chem., Dept.Cardio-Thoracic Surg., IBE, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81366 Munich, Germany
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49
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, bicycle helmet wearing rates are very low and perceived social barriers to helmet use are important. We aimed to determine why Dutch paediatricians do or do not wear helmets while bicycling and whether their personal behaviour is influencing their position about the promotion of helmet use. METHODS Attendants to the annual meeting of the Dutch Paediatric Society (7-9 November 2006) were surveyed about bicycle riding frequency, helmet use, reasons for not wearing a helmet, helmet use among their own children and personal position about the promotion and legislation of bicycle helmet use. RESULTS Of the 1110 paediatricians who are active in the Netherlands, 258 answered the survey. Ninety-six per cent of the respondents ride a bicycle (68% more than once a week). Bicycle was used as a mean of transport (32%), as a recreation/sport (11%) or with both purposes (57%). When cycling for transportation, 94% never wear a helmet and 2% always wear it. When cycling for recreation, 70% never wear a helmet and 18% always wear it. The most common reasons given for not wearing a helmet were: 'I never thought about that' (43%), 'Poor appearance' (31%), 'Nobody uses it in the Netherlands' (27%) and 'Uncomfortable' (25%). A majority (91%) of the respondents agreed that bicycle helmets are effective in reducing the rate of head injury to bicyclists and that they should be advised to children (82%) and adolescents (54%). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that among Dutch paediatricians, cycling rate is high and helmet wearing rate is very low and that they experience numerous personal barriers to bicycle helmet use. This might explain why bicycle helmet promotion campaigns are scarcely supported by Dutch paediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute Growth and Development, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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50
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Hammer S, Tchoudakov R, Mechrez G, Cohen Y, Narkis M. Modification of porous PVC particles with PS and P(St-co
-MMA) using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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