MRI-based radiomics model to preoperatively predict mesenchymal transition subtype in high-grade serous ovarian cancer

AIM

To develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model for the preoperative identification of mesenchymal transition (MT) subtype in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

One hundred and eighty-nine patients with histopathologically confirmed HGSOC were enrolled retrospectively. Among the included patients, 55 patients were determined as the MT subtype and the remaining 134 were non-MT subtype. After extracting a total of 204 features from T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and contrast-enhanced (CE)-T1WI images, the Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation test, and Boruta algorithm were adopted to select the optimal feature set. Three classifiers, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), were trained to develop radiomics models. The performance of established models was evaluated from three aspects: discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility.

RESULTS

Seven radiomics features relevant to MT subtypes were selected to build the radiomics models. The model based on the RF algorithm showed the best performance in predicting MT subtype, with areas under the curves (AUCs) of 0.866 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.797-0.936) and 0.852 (95 % CI: 0.736-0.967) in the training and testing cohorts, respectively. The calibration curves, supported with Brier scores, indicated very good consistency between observation and prediction. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that the RF-based model could provide more net benefit, which suggested favorable utility in clinical application.

CONCLUSION

The RF-based radiomics model provided accurate identification of MT from the non-MT subtype and may help facilitate personalised management of HGSOC.

Potential-Resolved Ratiometric Aptasensor for Sensitive Acetamiprid Analysis Based on Coreactant-free Electrochemiluminescence Luminophores of Gd-MOF and "Light Switch" Molecule of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2

For conventional potential-resolved ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems, the introduction of multiplex coreactants is imperative. However, the undesirable interactions between different coreactants inevitably affect analytical accuracy and sensitivity. Herein, through the coordination of aggregation-induced emission ligands with gadolinium cations, the self-luminescent metal-organic framework (Gd-MOF) is prepared and serves as a novel coreactant-free anodic ECL emitter. By the intercalation of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ with light switch effect into DNA duplex, one high-efficiency cathodic ECL probe is obtained using K2S2O8 as a coreactant. In the presence of acetamiprid, the strong affinity between the target and its aptamer induces the release of [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+, resulting in a decreasing cathode signal and an increasing anode signal owing to the ECL resonance energy transfer from Gd-MOF to [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+. In this way, an efficient dual-signal ECL aptasensor is constructed for the ratiometric analysis of acetamiprid, exhibiting a remarkably low detection limit of 0.033 pM. Strikingly, by using only one exogenous coreactant, the cross interference from multiple coreactants can be eliminated, thus improving the detection accuracy. The developed high-performance ECL sensing platform is successfully applied to monitor the residual level of acetamiprid in real samples, demonstrating its potential application in the field of food security.

Harmonizing Enzyme-like Cofactors to Boost Nanozyme Catalysis

Engineering isolated metal sites resembling the primary coordination sphere of metallocofactors enables atomically dispersed materials as promising nanozymes. However, most existing nanozymes primarily focus on replicating specific metallocofactors while neglecting other supporting cofactors within active pockets, leading to reduced electron transfer (ET) efficiency and thus inferior catalytic performances. Herein, we report a metal-organic framework UiO-67 nanozyme with atomically dispersed iron sites, which involves multiple tailored enzyme-like nanocofactors that synergistically drive the ET process for enhanced peroxidase-like catalysis. Among them, the linker-coupled atomic iron site plays a critical role in substrate activation, while bare linkers and zirconia nodes facilitate the ET efficiency of intermediates. The synergy of three nanocofactors results in a 4.29-fold enhancement compared with the single effort of isolated metal site-based nanocofactor, holding promise in immunoassay for sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos. This finding opens a new way for designing high-performance nanozymes by harmonizing various nanocofactors at the atomic and molecular scale.

A Controlled Release Aptasensor Utilizing AIE-Active MOFs as High-Efficiency ECL Nanoprobe for the Sensitive Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate

Improving the sensitivity in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection systems necessitates the integration of robust ECL luminophores and efficient signal transduction. In this study, we report a novel ECL nanoprobe (Zr-MOF) that exhibits strong and stable emission by incorporating aggregation-induced emission ligands into Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Meanwhile, we designed a high-performance signal modulator through the implementation of a well-designed controlled release system with a self-on/off function. ZnS quantum dots (QDs) encapsulated within the cavities of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-SiO2) serve as the ECL quenchers, while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) aptamers adsorbed on the surface of NH2-SiO2 through electrostatic interaction act as "gatekeepers." Based on the target-triggered ECL resonance energy transfer between Zr-MOF and ZnS QDs, we establish a coreactant-free ECL aptasensor for the sensitive detection of ATP, achieving an impressive low detection limit of 0.033 nM. This study not only demonstrates the successful combination of ECL with controlled release strategies but also opens new avenues for developing highly efficient MOFs-based ECL systems.

Search for Heavy Neutral Leptons in Electron-Positron and Neutral-Pion Final States with the MicroBooNE Detector

We present the first search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) decaying into νe^{+}e^{-} or νπ^{0} final states in a liquid-argon time projection chamber using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector. The data were recorded synchronously with the NuMI neutrino beam from Fermilab's main injector corresponding to a total exposure of 7.01×10^{20} protons on target. We set upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the mixing parameter |U_{μ4}|^{2} in the mass ranges 10≤m_{HNL}≤150  MeV for the νe^{+}e^{-} channel and 150≤m_{HNL}≤245  MeV for the νπ^{0} channel, assuming |U_{e4}|^{2}=|U_{τ4}|^{2}=0. These limits represent the most stringent constraints in the mass range 35 Collapse

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Affiliation(s)

P Abratenko Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
O Alterkait Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
D Andrade Aldana Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
L Arellano The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
J Asaadi University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
A Ashkenazi Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
S Balasubramanian Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
B Baller Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
G Barr University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
D Barrow University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
J Barrow Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
V Basque Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
O Benevides Rodrigues Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
S Berkman Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
A Bhanderi The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
A Bhat University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
M Bhattacharya Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
M Bishai Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
A Blake Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
B Bogart University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
T Bolton Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
J Y Book Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
M B Brunetti University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
L Camilleri Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
Y Cao The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
D Caratelli University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
F Cavanna Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
G Cerati Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
A Chappell University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
Y Chen SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
J M Conrad Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
M Convery SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
L Cooper-Troendle University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
J I Crespo-Anadón Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid E-28040, Spain
R Cross University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
M Del Tutto Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
S R Dennis University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
P Detje University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
A Devitt Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
R Diurba Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
Z Djurcic Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
R Dorrill Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
K Duffy University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
S Dytman University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
B Eberly University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine 04104, USA
P Englezos Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
A Ereditato University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
J J Evans The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
R Fine Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
O G Finnerud The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
W Foreman Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
B T Fleming University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
D Franco University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
A P Furmanski University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
F Gao University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
D Garcia-Gamez Universidad de Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain
S Gardiner Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
G Ge Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
S Gollapinni Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
E Gramellini The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
P Green University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
H Greenlee Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
L Gu Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
W Gu Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
R Guenette The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
P Guzowski The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
L Hagaman University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
O Hen Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
C Hilgenberg University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
G A Horton-Smith Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
Z Imani Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
B Irwin University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
M Ismail University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
C James Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
X Ji Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
J H Jo Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
R A Johnson University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
Y-J Jwa Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
D Kalra Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
N Kamp Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
G Karagiorgi Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
W Ketchum Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
M Kirby Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
T Kobilarcik Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
I Kreslo Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
M B Leibovitch University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
I Lepetic Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
J-Y Li University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
K Li Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
Y Li Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
K Lin Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
B R Littlejohn Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
H Liu Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
W C Louis Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
X Luo University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
C Mariani Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Viriginia 24061, USA
D Marsden The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
J Marshall University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
N Martinez Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
D A Martinez Caicedo South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
S Martynenko Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
A Mastbaum Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
I Mawby University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
N McConkey University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
V Meddage Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
J Micallef Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
K Miller University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
A Mogan Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
T Mohayai Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
M Mooney Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
A F Moor University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
C D Moore Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
L Mora Lepin The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
M M Moudgalya The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
S Mulleriababu Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
D Naples University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
A Navrer-Agasson The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
N Nayak Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
M Nebot-Guinot University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
J Nowak Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
N Oza Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
O Palamara Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
N Pallat University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
V Paolone University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
A Papadopoulou Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
V Papavassiliou New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
H B Parkinson University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
S F Pate New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
N Patel Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
Z Pavlovic Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
E Piasetzky Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
I Pophale Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
X Qian Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
J L Raaf Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
V Radeka Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
A Rafique Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
M Reggiani-Guzzo University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
L Ren New Mexico State University (NMSU), Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
L Rochester SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
J Rodriguez Rondon South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT), Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
M Rosenberg Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
M Ross-Lonergan Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
C Rudolf von Rohr Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
I Safa Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
G Scanavini Wright Laboratory, Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
D W Schmitz University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
A Schukraft Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
W Seligman Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
M H Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
R Sharankova Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
J Shi University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
E L Snider Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
M Soderberg Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
S Söldner-Rembold The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
J Spitz University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
M Stancari Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
J St John Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
T Strauss Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
A M Szelc University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
W Tang University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
N Taniuchi University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
K Terao SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
C Thorpe Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
D Torbunov Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
D Totani University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
M Toups Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
Y-T Tsai SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
J Tyler Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
M A Uchida University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
T Usher SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
B Viren Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
M Weber Universität Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
H Wei Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
A J White University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
S Wolbers Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
T Wongjirad Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
M Wospakrik Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
K Wresilo University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
W Wu University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
E Yandel University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
T Yang Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
L E Yates Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
H W Yu Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA
G P Zeller Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
J Zennamo Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
C Zhang Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, USA

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Atomic-level design of metalloenzyme-like active pockets in metal-organic frameworks for bioinspired catalysis

Natural metalloenzymes with astonishing reaction activity and specificity underpin essential life transformations. Nevertheless, enzymes only operate under mild conditions to keep sophisticated structures active, limiting their potential applications. Artificial metalloenzymes that recapitulate the catalytic activity of enzymes can not only circumvent the enzymatic fragility but also bring versatile functions into practice. Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring diverse and site-isolated metal sites and supramolecular structures have emerged as promising candidates for metalloenzymes to move toward unparalleled properties and behaviour of enzymes. In this review, we systematically summarize the significant advances in MOF-based metalloenzyme mimics with a special emphasis on active pocket engineering at the atomic level, including primary catalytic sites and secondary coordination spheres. Then, the deep understanding of catalytic mechanisms and their advanced applications are discussed. Finally, a perspective on this emerging frontier research is provided to advance bioinspired catalysis.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Artificial Organelle Corrects Microenvironment Interference for Accurate Intratumoral Glucose Analysis

Enzymatic catalysis with high efficiency allows them a great prospect in metabolite monitoring in living cells. However, complex tumor microenvironments, such as acidity, H2 O2 , and hypoxia, are bound to disturb catalytic reactions for misleading results. Here, we report a spatially compartmentalized artificial organelle to correct intratumoral glucose analysis, where the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 immobilized glucose oxidase-horseradish peroxidase cascade core and catalase-directed shell act as signal transduction and guarding rooms respectively. The acid-digested core and stable shell provide appropriate spaces to boost biocatalytic efficiency with good tolerability. Notably, the endogenous H2 O2 is in situ decomposed to O2 by catalase, which not only overcomes the interference in signal output but also alleviates the hypoxic states to maximize glucose oxidation. The marked protective effect and biocompatibility render artificial organelles to correct the signal transduction for dynamic monitoring glucose in vitro and in vivo, achieving our goal of accurate intratumoral metabolite analysis.

The Effect of MDSC-Derived Exosomes Played in Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells after Ionizing Radiation

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S)

Radiotherapy is the main treatment for esophageal cancer. Previous studies have shown that radiotherapy not only kills tumor cells directly, but also reshapes the immune microenvironment of the tumor. It has been reported an increase in the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) can occur in tumor tissue after ionizing radiation. Exosomes are mediators of intercellular information exchange and are also involved in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we wanted to understand whether MDSC in esophageal cancer tissue are involved in the regulation of tumor cell response to ionizing radiation via exosomes.

MATERIALS/METHODS

KYSE-150 was used to construct a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in nude mice. And then mice irradiated with 5 Gy×5fx and 0 Gy×5fx respectively. After irradiation, the spleens of the mice were used to isolate MDSC, and collect the cell supernatants to extract the exosomes. Based on the exosomes, we divided the experiment into three groups (control, exosomes, exosomes+radiation). Exosomes were injected into a nude mouse model of esophageal cancer via the tail vein or co-cultured with KYSE-150 cells. Mice were irradiated with a 5 Gy×5fx after completion of injection, and KYSE-150 cells were irradiated with a single dose 4 Gy. After radiation, KYSE-150 cells were used to detect cell cloning, apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry, cell proliferation by CCK 8. XRCC4,XRCC5,XRCC6,γH2AX,ATM expression in cells and tumor tissue were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR.

RESULTS

The tumor volume was significantly reduced after 5 Gy x 5fx radiation. When exosomes co-cultured with KYSE-150 cells, decrease in apoptosis and increase in cell cloning and cell proliferation were found in the exosomes+radiation group and exosomes group after radiation when compared with the control group, with this change being more pronounced in the exosome+radiation group. The results of the cell cycle assay showed that after ionizing radiation, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was significantly lower, and the proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases were significantly higher in the exosomes+radiation group and exosomes group when compared to the Control group. The protein and mRNA expression of XRCC4,XRCC5,XRCC6,γH2AX,ATM in cells were increased in exosomes+radiation group and exosomes group after radiation when compared with the control group, with this change being more obvious in the exosome+radiation group. After irradiation, tumor volumes were measured in nude mice and the results showed that exosomes+radiation group tumors were the largest in volume, while the control group regressed most significantly after irradiation.

CONCLUSION

MDSC-derived exosomes have a tumor growth-promoting effect in esophageal squamous carcinoma, which is enhanced by ionizing radiation, and this may be related to the accelerated repair of damage in tumor tissue after radiation.

Cu Aerogels with Sustainable Cu(I)/Cu(II) Redox Cycles for Sensitive Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

Developing functional nanomaterials for nonenzymatic glucose electrochemical sensing platforms is vital and challenging from the perspective of pathology and physiology. Accurate identification of active sites and thorough investigation of catalytic mechanisms are critical prerequisites for the design of advanced catalysts for electrochemical sensing. Herein, Cu aerogels are synthesized as a model system for sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensing. The resultant Cu aerogels exhibit good catalytic activity for glucose electrooxidation with high sensitivity and a low detection limit. Significantly, in situ electrochemical investigations and Raman characterizations reveal the catalytic mechanism of Cu-based nonenzymatic glucose sensing. During the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose, Cu(I) is electrochemically oxidized to generate Cu(II), and the resultant Cu(II) is spontaneously reduced back to Cu(I) by glucose, achieving the sustained Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox cycles. This study provides profound insights into the catalytic mechanism for nonenzymatic glucose sensing, which provides great potential guidance for a rational design of advanced catalysts in the future.

Photothermal-Switched Single-Atom Nanozyme Specificity for Pretreatment and Sensing

Various applications lead to the requirement of nanozymes with either specific activity or multiple enzyme-like activities. To this end, intelligent nanozymes with freely switching specificity abilities hold great promise to adapt to complicated and changeable practical conditions. Herein, a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported copper single-atom nanozyme (named Cu SA/NC) with switchable specificity is reported. Atomically dispersed active sites endow Cu SA/NC with specific peroxidase-like activity at room temperature. Furthermore, the intrinsic photothermal conversion ability of Cu SA/NC enables the specificity switch by additional laser irradiation, where photothermal-induced temperature elevation triggers the expression of oxidase-like and catalase-like activity of Cu SA/NC. For further applications in practice, a pretreatment-and-sensing integration kit (PSIK) is constructed, where Cu SA/NC can successively achieve sample pretreatment and sensitive detection by switching from multi-activity mode to specific-activity mode. This study sets the foundation for nanozymes with switchable specificity and broadens the application scope in point-of-care testing.

Biomimetic single Al-OH site with high acetylcholinesterase-like activity and self-defense ability for neuroprotection

Neurotoxicity of organophosphate compounds (OPs) can catastrophically cause nervous system injury by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression. Although artificial systems have been developed for indirect neuroprotection, they are limited to dissociating P-O bonds for eliminating OPs. However, these systems have failed to overcome the deactivation of AChE. Herein, we report our finding that Al3+ is engineered onto the nodes of metal-organic framework to synthesize MOF-808-Al with enhanced Lewis acidity. The resultant MOF-808-Al efficiently mimics the catalytic behavior of AChE and has a self-defense ability to break the activity inhibition by OPs. Mechanism investigations elucidate that Al3+ Lewis acid sites with a strong polarization effect unite the highly electronegative -OH groups to form the enzyme-like catalytic center, resulting in superior substrate activation and nucleophilic attack ability with a 2.7-fold activity improvement. The multifunctional MOF-808-Al, which has satisfactory biosafety, is efficient in reducing neurotoxic effects and preventing neuronal tissue damage.

First Double-Differential Measurement of Kinematic Imbalance in Neutrino Interactions with the MicroBooNE Detector

We report the first measurement of flux-integrated double-differential quasielasticlike neutrino-argon cross sections, which have been made using the Booster Neutrino Beam and the MicroBooNE detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data are presented as a function of kinematic imbalance variables which are sensitive to nuclear ground-state distributions and hadronic reinteraction processes. We find that the measured cross sections in different phase-space regions are sensitive to different nuclear effects. Therefore, they enable the impact of specific nuclear effects on the neutrino-nucleus interaction to be isolated more completely than was possible using previous single-differential cross section measurements. Our results provide precision data to help test and improve neutrino-nucleus interaction models. They further support ongoing neutrino-oscillation studies by establishing phase-space regions where precise reaction modeling has already been achieved.

[Safety evaluation of simultaneous administration of quadrivalent influenza split virion vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults aged 60 years and older]

Objective: To evaluate the safety of simultaneous administration of quadrivalent influenza split virion vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults aged 60 years and older. Methods: From November 2021 to May 2022, eligible participants aged 60 years and older were recruited in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, and a total of 2 461 participants were ultimately enrolled in this study. Each participant simultaneously received one dose of quadrivalent influenza split virion vaccine and one dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The safety was observed within 28 days after vaccination. Safety information was collected through voluntary reporting and regular follow-ups. Results: All 2 461 participants completed the simultaneous administration of both vaccines and the safety follow-ups for 28 days after vaccination. The mean age of the participants was (70.66±6.18) years, with 54.61% (1 344) being male, and all participants were Han Chinese residents. About 22.51% (554) of the participants had underlying medical conditions. The overall incidence of adverse reactions within 0-28 days after simultaneous vaccination was 2.07% (51/2 461), mainly consisting of Grade 1 adverse reactions [1.83% (45/2 461)], with no reports of Grade 4 or higher adverse reactions or vaccine-related serious adverse events. The incidence of local adverse reactions was 0.98% (24/2 461), primarily presenting as pain at the injection site [0.93% (23/2 461)]. The incidence of systemic adverse reactions was 1.42% (35/2 461), with fever [0.85% (21/2 461)] being the main symptom. In the group with underlying medical conditions and the healthy group, their overall incidence of adverse reactions was 2.53% (14/554) and 1.94% (37/1 907), respectively. The incidence of local adverse reactions in the two groups was 1.62% (9/554) and 0.79% (15/1 907), respectively, and the incidence of systemic adverse reactions was 1.44% (8/554) and 1.42% (27/1 907), respectively, with no statistically significant differences between them (all P>0.05). Conclusion: It is safe for adults aged 60 years and older to receive quadrivalent influenza split virion vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at the same time.

Small-Molecule Probe-Induced In Situ-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Biosensor for Monitoring α-Glucosidase Activity

Semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors have garnered significant attention in the field of disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the recognition units of these biosensors are mainly limited to bioactive macromolecules, which hinder the photoelectric response due to their insulating characteristics. In this study, we develop an in situ-sensitized strategy that utilizes a small-molecule probe at the interface of the photoelectrode to accurately detect α-glucosidase (α-Glu) activity. Silane, a prototype small-molecule probe, was surface-modified on graphitic carbon nitride to generate Si nanoparticles upon reacting with hydroquinone, the enzymatic product of α-Glu. The in situ formed heterojunction enhances the light-harvesting property and photoexcited carrier separation efficiency. As a result, the in situ-sensitized PEC biosensor demonstrates excellent accuracy, a low detection limit, and outstanding anti-interference ability, showing good applicability in evaluating α-Glu activity and its inhibitors in human serum samples. This novel in situ sensitization approach using small-molecule probes opens up new avenues for developing simple and efficient PEC biosensing platforms by replacing conventional biorecognition elements.

Nanozymatic Biofuel Cell-Enabled Self-Powered Sensing System for a Sensitive Immunoassay

Self-powered sensing system (SPSS) integrating the enzymatic biofuel cell and biosensing platform has attracted tremendous interest. However, natural enzymes suffer from the intrinsic drawbacks of enzymes and enzymatic proteins. Nanozymes with enzyme-like activities are the ideal alternatives to enzymes, and it is greatly challenging to explore high-performance nanozymatic biofuel cell for SPSS. Herein, the advanced nanozymatic biofuel cell-enabled SPSS is developed for the sensitive detection of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), where Ir single atoms supported by nitrogen-doped carbon and Au nanozymes serve as the cathode and anode, respectively. Based on the excellent electrochemical activity and stability, the resultant nanozymatic biofuel cell exhibits a higher power output and open-circuit potential than the Pt/C-based counterpart, which is beneficial for the application of SPSS. As a proof of concept, the nanozymatic biofuel cell-enabled SPSS shows a wide detection range of 0.2-500 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 62 pg mL-1 for PSA, which provides new insight into broadening the application scenarios of nanozymes.

Iron Single-Atom Catalyst-Enabled Peroxydisulfate Activation Enhances Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence of Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)

The tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)₃²⁺)-tripropylamine anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system has been widely applied in commercial bioanalysis. However, the presence of amine compounds in the biological environment results in unavoidable anodic interference signals, which hinder further extensive use of the system. In contrast, the cathodic Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ ECL system can overcome these limitations. The Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/peroxydisulfate (S₂O₈^2-, PDS) ECL system has been extensively employed due to its ability to produce a sulfate radical anion (SO₄^•-) with strong oxidation ability, which enhances the ECL signal. However, the symmetrical molecular structure of PDS makes it challenging to be activated and causes low luminescence efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an efficient Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-based ternary ECL system that uses the iron-nitrogen-carbon single-atom catalyst (Fe-N-C SAC) as an advanced accelerator. Fe-N-C SAC can efficiently activate PDS into reactive oxygen species at a lower voltage, which significantly boosts the cathodic ECL emission of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. Benefiting from the outstanding catalytic activity of Fe-N-C SAC, we successfully established an ECL biosensor that detects alkaline phosphatase activity with high sensitivity, demonstrating the feasibility of practical application.

Engineering the microenvironment of electron transport layers with nickle single-atom sites for boosting photoelectrochemical performance

Advances in the rational design of semiconductor-electrocatalyst photoelectrodes provide robust driving forces for improving energy conversion and quantitative analysis, while a deep understanding of elementary processes remains underwhelming due to the multistage interfaces involved in semiconductor/electrocatalyst/electrolyte. To address this bottleneck, we have constructed carbon-supported nickel single atoms (Ni SA@C) as an original electron transport layer with catalytic sites of Ni-N4 and Ni-N2O2. This approach illustrates the combined effect of photogenerated electron extraction and the surface electron escape ability of the electrocatalyst layer in the photocathode system. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that Ni-N4@C, with excellent oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity, is more beneficial for alleviating surface charge accumulation and facilitating electrode-electrolyte interfacial electron-injection efficiency under a similar built-in electric field. This instructive method enables us to engineer the microenvironment of the charge transport layer for steering the interfacial charge extract and reaction kinetics, providing a great prospect for atomic scale materials to enhance photoelectrochemical performance.

Dual-Site Activation Coupling with Schottky Junction Boosts Electrochemiluminescence of Carbon Nitride

Robust electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of carbon nitride (CN) requires efficient electron-hole recombination and suppression of electrode passivation. In this work, Au nanoparticles and single atoms (AuSA+NP) loaded on CN serve as dual active sites that significantly accelerate charge transfer and activate peroxydisulfate. Meanwhile, the well-established Schottky junctions between Au NPs and CN act as electron sinks, effectively trapping over-injected electrons to prevent electrode passivation. As a result, the porous CN modified with AuSA+NP exhibits enhanced and stable ECL emission, with a minimal relative standard deviation of 0.24%. Furthermore, the designed ECL biosensor based on AuSA+NP-CN shows remarkable performance in detecting organophosphorus pesticides. This innovative strategy has the potential to offer new insights into strong and stable ECL emission for practical applications.

Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized in Metal Aerogels Boosts Electron Transfer and an Interfacial Reaction for Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) enzymatic biosensors have attracted widespread attention for their specificity and sensitivity, but the charge migration between an enzyme and a semiconductor remains uncertain. In this work, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was successfully immobilized on ionic liquid-functioned Cu@Cu₂O (IL-Cu@Cu₂O) aerogels to boost charge transfer and an interfacial redox reaction. The photogenerated electrons flow from the conduction band of Cu₂O to HRP under the assistance of Cu and are subsequently captured by [Fe(CN)₆]^3- in the electrolyte, which boosts the PEC response. The improved interfacial catalytic ability after the immobilization of HRP is proved by the enhanced redox ability under light irradiation. Benefiting from the excellent PEC activity and catalysis reaction of IL-Cu@Cu₂O@HRP, an immunoassay platform was constructed for sensing prostate-specific antigens, which presents a wide detection range and a low limit of detection. An in-depth understanding of the direct electronic communication between a photoactive material and an enzyme for boosted charge transfer and interfacial catalysis provides a new view for the design of advanced PEC sensing platforms.

First Measurement of Quasielastic Λ Baryon Production in Muon Antineutrino Interactions in the MicroBooNE Detector

We present the first measurement of the cross section of Cabibbo-suppressed Λ baryon production, using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector when exposed to the neutrinos from the main injector beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The data analyzed correspond to 2.2×10^{20} protons on target running in neutrino mode, and 4.9×10^{20} protons on target running in anti-neutrino mode. An automated selection is combined with hand scanning, with the former identifying five candidate Λ production events when the signal was unblinded, consistent with the GENIE prediction of 5.3±1.1 events. Several scanners were employed, selecting between three and five events, compared with a prediction from a blinded Monte Carlo simulation study of 3.7±1.0 events. Restricting the phase space to only include Λ baryons that decay above MicroBooNE's detection thresholds, we obtain a flux averaged cross section of 2.0_{-1.7}^{+2.2}×10^{-40}  cm^{2}/Ar, where statistical and systematic uncertainties are combined.

ICARUS at the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program: initial operation

The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful 3-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous ν e appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV2 . After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operations collecting the first neutrino events from the booster neutrino beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022. The first goal of the ICARUS data taking will be a study to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment. ICARUS will also perform measurement of neutrino cross sections with the NuMI beam and several Beyond Standard Model searches. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will search for evidence of sterile neutrinos jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector, within the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. In this paper, the main activities carried out during the overhauling and installation phases are highlighted. Preliminary technical results from the ICARUS commissioning data with the BNB and NuMI beams are presented both in terms of performance of all ICARUS subsystems and of capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.

Improving Interface Matching in MOF-on-MOF S-Scheme Heterojunction through π-π Conjugation for Boosting Photoelectric Response

Accelerating the migration of interfacial carriers in a heterojunction is of paramount importance for driving high-performance photoelectric responses. However, the inferior contact area and large resistance at the interface limit the eventual photoelectric performance. Herein, we fabricated an S-scheme heterojunction involving a 2D/2D dual-metalloporphyrin metal-organic framework with metal-center-regulated CuTCPP(Cu)/CuTCPP(Fe) through electrostatic self-assembly. The ultrathin nanosheet-like architectures reduce the carrier migration distance, while the similar porphyrin backbones promote reasonable interface matching through π-π conjugation, thereby inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the metal-center-regulated S-scheme band alignments create a giant built-in electric field, which provides a huge driving force for efficient carrier separation and migration. Coupling with the biomimetic catalytic activity of CuTCPP(Fe), the resultant heterojunction was utilized to construct photoelectrochemical uric acid biosensors. This work provides a general strategy to enhance photoelectric responses by engineering the interfacial structure of heterojunctions.

Photoexcited Ru single-atomic sites for efficient biomimetic redox catalysis

The unsatisfactory catalytic activity of nanozymes owing to their inefficient electron transfer (ET) is the major challenge in biomimetic catalysis-related biomedical applications. Inspired by the photoelectron transfers in natural photoenzymes, we herein report a photonanozyme of single-atom Ru anchored on metal-organic frameworks (UiO-67-Ru) for achieving photoenhanced peroxidase (POD)-like activity. We demonstrate that the atomically dispersed Ru sites can realize high photoelectric conversion efficiency, superior POD-like activity (7.0-fold photoactivity enhancement relative to that of UiO-67), and good catalytic specificity. Both in situ experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that photoelectrons follow the cofactor-mediated ET process of enzymes to promote the production of active intermediates and the release of products, demonstrating more favorable thermodynamics and kinetics in H2O2 reduction. Taking advantage of the unique interaction of the Zr-O-P bond, we establish a UiO-67-Ru-based immunoassay platform for the photoenhanced detection of organophosphorus pesticides.

[Efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in diabetic macular edema patients with and without prior vitrectomy: a retrospective cohort study]

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients with and without prior vitrectomy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on DME patients who received IDI treatment at the Aier Eye Hospital, Beijing from March 2018 to August 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had undergone vitrectomy or not. Clinical and follow-up data, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), occurrence of ocular and systemic complications, and time to DME recurrence and retreatment, were collected before and after IDI injection at 15 days, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, χ² test or Fisher's exact test, and generalized estimating equations. Results: Thirty-six patients (41 eyes) were included, with 19 patients (21 eyes) in the vitrectomy group and 17 patients (20 eyes) in the non-vitrectomy group. Compared with baseline, BCVA of eyes in the vitrectomy group was significantly improved at 15 days after IDI injection, with values of 1.00 (0.52, 1.31) and 0.61 (0.30, 1.00), respectively (Z=-2.10, P=0.036); BCVA of eyes in the non-vitrectomy group was significantly improved at 1 month after IDI injection, with values of 0.76 (0.60, 1.35) and 0.52 (0.10, 0.70), respectively (Z=-2.24, P=0.025). Compared with baseline, CMT of eyes in both groups was significantly reduced at all follow-up time points after 15 days of IDI injection (all P<0.05). In the vitrectomy group, CMT before and 15 days after injection were 487 (438, 661) μm and 389 (340, 553) μm, respectively (Z=-3.45, P<0.001); in the non-vitrectomy group, CMT before and 15 days after injection were 486 (410, 641) μm and 323 (290, 396) μm, respectively (Z=-4.07, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in BCVA and CMT between the two groups at all follow-up time points (all P>0.05). The time to DME recurrence was 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) months in the vitrectomy group and 5.0 (4.0, 5.0) months in the non-vitrectomy group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.675). Four eyes (19.0%) in the vitrectomy group and three eyes (15.0%) in the non-vitrectomy group had high IOP, with no significant difference (P=0.529). No severe ocular or systemic complications were observed in any patients. Conclusions: IDI treatment is safe and effective in DME patients with and without prior vitrectomy, with similar efficacy, but with faster onset of action in patients with prior vitrectomy. There was no significant difference in DME recurrence within 6 months after IDI injection between the two groups.

[Developmental effects of TCIPP and TnBP on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos]

Objective: To investigate the toxicity of tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tributyl phosphate (TnBP) on the growth and development of zebrafish embryos, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms at the transcriptional level. Methods: With zebrafish as a model, two hpf zebrafish embryos were exposed to TCIPP and TnBP (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1 000 μmol/L) using the semi-static method, and their rates of lethality and hatchability were determined. The transcriptome changes of 120 hpf juvenile zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μmol/L were measured. Results: The 50% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of TCIPP and TnBP for zebrafish embryos were 155.30 and 27.62 μmol/L (96 hpf), 156.5 and 26.05 μmol/L (120 hpf), respectively. The 72 hpf hatching rates of TCIPP (100 μmol/L) and TnBP (10 μmol/L) were (23.33±7.72)% and (91.67±2.97)%, which were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that TnBP had more differential genes (DEGs) than TCIPP, with a dose-response relationship. These DEGs were enriched in 32 pathways in total, including those involved in oxidative stress, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nuclear receptor-related pathways, using the IPA pathway analysis. Among them, three enriched pathways overlapped between TCIPP and TnBP, including TR/RXR activation and CAR/RXR activation. Additionally, DEGs were also mapped onto pathways of LXR/RXR activation and oxidative stress for TnBP exposure only. Conclusion: Both TCIPP and TnBP have growth and developmental toxicities in zebrafish embryos, with distinct biomolecular mechanisms, and TnBP has a stronger effect than TCIPP.

Bioinspired Single-Atom Sites Enable Efficient Oxygen Activation for Switching Anodic/Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence

Exploring advanced co-reaction accelerators with superior oxygen reduction activity that generate rich reactive oxygen species (ROS) has attracted great attention in boosting luminol-O2 electrochemiluminescence (ECL). However, tuning accelerators for efficient and selective catalytic O2 activation to switch anodic/cathodic ECL is very challenging. Herein, we report that enzyme-inspired Fe-based single-atom catalysts with axial N/C coordination structures (FeN5, FeN4(C) SACs) can generate specific ROS for cathodic/anodic ECL conversion. Mechanistic studies reveal that FeN5 sites prefer to produce highly active hydroxyl radicals and afford direct cathodic luminescence by promoting the cleavage of O-O bonds through N-induced electron redistribution. In contrast, FeN4(C) sites tend to produce superoxide radicals, resulting in inefficient anodic ECL. Benefiting from the enhanced cathodic ECL, FeN5 SAC-based immunosensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers.

[Peripheral blood KCNMA1 methylation level is associated with the occurrence and progression of lung cancer]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the association of KCNMA1 gene methylation levels in peripheral blood with lung cancer.

METHODS

The methylation levels of 4 CpG sites in KCNMA1 gene were quantitatively detected in 285 patients with lung cancer, 186 age- and sex-matched patients with benign pulmonary nodules and 278 matched healthy control subjects using mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The association of KCNMA1 methylation levels with lung cancer was analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for covariates. The KCNMA1 methylation levels in different subgroups of lung cancer patients were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.

RESULTS

In subjects over 55 years and in female subjects, the highest quartile (Q4) vs the lowest quartile (Q1) of KCNMA1_CpG_5 methylation levels were significantly correlated with lung cancer (for subjects over 55 years: OR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.25-5.41, P=0.011; for female subjects: OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.03?4.26, P=0.042). From Q2 to Q4 of KCNMA1_CpG_5 methylation levels, their correlation with lung cancer became gradually stronger (P=0.003 and 0.038, respectively). In male subjects, the OR of Q4 of KCNMA1_CpG_5 methylation levels was 0.35 in patients with lung cancer as compared with patients with benign nodules (95% CI: 0.16-0.79, P=0.012). KCNMA1_CpG_3 methylation level was significantly lower in invasive adenocarcinoma than in noninvasive adenocarcinoma (P=0.028), and that of KCNMA1_CpG_1 was significantly higher in patients with larger tumors (T2-4) than in those with smaller tumors (T1) (P=0.021).

CONCLUSION

The change of peripheral blood KCNMA1 methylation level is correlated with the occurrence and development of lung cancer.

Water Activation for Boosting Electrochemiluminescence

In conventional luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems, hydrogen peroxide and dissolved oxygen are employed as typical co-reactants to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for efficient ECL emission. However, the self-decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and limited solubility of oxygen in water inevitably restrict the detection accuracy and luminous efficiency of luminol ECL system. Inspired by ROS-mediated ECL mechanism, for the first time, we used cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide as co-reaction accelerator to efficiently activate water to generate ROS for enhancing luminol emission. Experimental investigations verify the formation of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in the process of electrochemical water oxidation, which subsequently react with luminol anion radicals to trigger strong ECL signals. Finally, the detection of alkaline phosphatase has been successfully achieved with impressive sensitivity and reproducibility for practical sample analysis.

Nickel Single-Atom Catalyst-Mediated Efficient Redox Cycle Enables Self-Checking Photoelectrochemical Biosensing with Dual Photocurrent Readouts

Developing a self-checking photoelectrochemical biosensor with dual photocurrent signals could efficiently eliminate false-positive or false-negative signals. Herein, a novel biosensor with dual photocurrent responses was established for the detection of acetylcholinesterase activity. To achieve photocurrent polarity-switchable behavior, the iodide/tri-iodide redox couple was innovatively introduced to simultaneously consume the photoexcited electrons and holes, which circumvents the inconvenience caused by the addition of different hole- and electron-trapping agents in the electrolyte. Importantly, benefiting from the high catalytic activity, the enhanced photoelectric responsivity can be realized after decorating the counter electrode with nickel single-atom catalysts, which promotes a more efficient iodide/tri-iodide redox reaction under low applied voltages. It is envisioned that the proposed photocurrent polarity switching system offers new routes to sensitive and reliable biosensing.

Amino-Ligand-Coordinated Dicopper Active Sites Enable Catechol Oxidase-Like Activity for Chiral Recognition and Catalysis

Developing highly active and selective advanced nanozymes for enzyme-mimicking catalysis remains a long-standing challenge for basic research and practical applications. Herein, we grafted a chiral histidine- (His-) coordinated copper core onto Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) basic backbones to structurally mirror the bimetal active site of natural catechol oxidase. Such a biomimetic fabricated process affords MOF-His-Cu with catechol oxidase-like activity, which can catalyze dehydrogenation and oxidation of o-diphenols and then transfer electrons to O₂ to generate H₂O₂ by the cyclic conversion of Cu(II) and Cu(I). Specifically, the elaborate incorporation of chiral His arms results in higher catalytic selectivity over the chiral catechol substrates than natural enzyme. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the binding energy and potential steric effect in active site-substrate interactions account for the high stereoselectivity. This work demonstrates efficient and selective enzyme-mimicking catalytic processes and deepens the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes.

High-Indexed Intermetallic Pt3Sn Nanozymes with High Activity and Specificity for Sensitive Immunoassay

Great efforts have been made to expand the application fields of nanozymes, which puts forward requirements for nanozymes with both superior catalytic activity and specificity. Herein, we reported the high-indexed intermetallic Pt₃Sn (H-Pt₃Sn) with high peroxidase-like activity and specificity. The resultant H-Pt₃Sn exhibits a specific activity of 345.3 U/mg, which is 1.82 times higher than Pt. Moreover, H-Pt₃Sn possesses negligible oxidase-like and catalase-like activities, achieving superior catalytic specificity toward H₂O₂ activation. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal both the splitting energy for adsorbed H₂O₂ and the energy barrier for the rate-determining step of H-Pt₃Sn are significantly decreased compared with Pt₃Sn and Pt. Finally, a nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay is successfully developed, achieving the sensitive and accurate colorimetric detection for carcinoembryonic antigen with a low detection limit of 0.49 pg/mL and showing practical feasibility in serum sample detection.

First Constraints on Light Sterile Neutrino Oscillations from Combined Appearance and Disappearance Searches with the MicroBooNE Detector

We present a search for eV-scale sterile neutrino oscillations in the MicroBooNE liquid argon detector, simultaneously considering all possible appearance and disappearance effects within the 3+1 active-to-sterile neutrino oscillation framework. We analyze the neutrino candidate events for the recent measurements of charged-current ν_{e} and ν_{μ} interactions in the MicroBooNE detector, using data corresponding to an exposure of 6.37×10^{20} protons on target from the Fermilab booster neutrino beam. We observe no evidence of light sterile neutrino oscillations and derive exclusion contours at the 95% confidence level in the plane of the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2} and the sterile neutrino mixing angles θ_{μe} and θ_{ee}, excluding part of the parameter space allowed by experimental anomalies. Cancellation of ν_{e} appearance and ν_{e} disappearance effects due to the full 3+1 treatment of the analysis leads to a degeneracy when determining the oscillation parameters, which is discussed in this Letter and will be addressed by future analyses.

Dehydrocostus Lactone Reduced Malignancy of HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Down-Regulation of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

We studied the effect of dehydrocostus lactone (DHL) on the biological characteristics of HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The inhibition of cell viability by different concentrations of DHL (10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μmol/liter) was measured using MTT test. As the determined half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was 20.33 μmol/liter, DHL in a concentration of 20 μmol/liter was used in further experiments. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion ability, and apoptosis were assessed by Ki-67 immunofluorescence, Transwell assay, and TUNEL analysis. The level of p-AKT protein was determined by Western blotting. DHL significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells in comparison with the control group, and induced cells apoptosis. DHL down-regulated the expression of p-AKT protein in the HepG2 cells in comparison with the control group. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activator 740Y-P could block the above-mentioned effects of DHL. Thus, DHL inhibits the malignancy of HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via down-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Pd Metallene Aerogels with Single-Atom W Doping for Selective Ethanol Oxidation

The development of advanced electrocatalysts with satisfactory C1 pathway selectivity for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is critical. Herein, a bubbling CO-induced gelation method is developed in acetic acid at 50 °C to construct single-atom W-doped Pd metallene aerogels (denoted as SA W-Pd MAs) within 1 h. In light of the metallene structural advantages of noble metal aerogels and single-atom W decoration, the resultant SA W-Pd MAs exhibit an outstanding EOR performance with high C1 pathway selectivity. Density functional theory calculations validate that the SA W-Pd MAs greatly improve the formation of the CH₃O intermediate and the transformation of poisonous CO species to CO₂, thus resulting in high C1 pathway selectivity. Therefore, this work not only offers an effective gelation method to fabricate noble metal aerogels with atomic-scale building blocks but also presents guidance to develop high-efficiency EOR electrocatalysts.

Tuning iron spin states in single-atom nanozymes enables efficient peroxidase mimicking

The large-scale application of nanozymes remains a significant challenge owing to their unsatisfactory catalytic performances. Featuring a unique electronic structure and coordination environment, single-atom nanozymes provide great opportunities to vividly mimic the specific metal catalytic center of natural enzymes and achieve superior enzyme-like activity. In this study, the spin state engineering of Fe single-atom nanozymes (FeNC) is employed to enhance their peroxidase-like activity. Pd nanoclusters (PdNC) are introduced into FeNC, whose electron-withdrawing properties rearrange the spin electron occupation in Fe(ii) of FeNC-PdNC from low spin to medium spin, facilitating the heterolysis of H2O2 and timely desorption of H2O. The spin-rearranged FeNC-PdNC exhibits greater H2O2 activation activity and rapid reaction kinetics compared to those of FeNC. As a proof of concept, FeNC-PdNC is used in the immunosorbent assay for the colorimetric detection of prostate-specific antigen and achieves an ultralow detection limit of 0.38 pg mL-1. Our spin-state engineering strategy provides a fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes and facilitates the design of advanced enzyme mimics.

Influence of alveolar mixing and multiple breaths of aerosol intake on particle deposition in the human lungs

Predictive dosimetry models play an important role in assessing health effect of inhaled particulate matter and in optimizing delivery of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. In this study, the commonly used 1D Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model (MPPD) was improved by including a mechanistically based model component for alveolar mixing of particles and by extending the model capabilities to account for multiple breaths of aerosol intake. These modifications increased the retained fraction of particles and consequently particle deposition predictions in the deep lung during tidal breathing. Comparison with an existing dataset (J. Aerosol Sci., 99:27-39, 2016) obtained under two breathing conditions referred to as slow and fast breathing showed significant differences in 1 μm particle deposition between predictions based on subject-specific breathing patterns and lung volume (slow: 30 ± 1%, fast: 21 ± 1%, (average ± standard deviation), N = 7) and measurements (slow: 43 ± 9%, fast: 30 ± 5%) when the prior version of MPPD (single breath and no mixing, J. Aerosol Sci., 151:105647, 2021) was used. Adding a mixing model and multiple breaths moved the predictions (slow: 34 ± 2%, fast:25 ± 2%) closer to the range of deposition measurements. For 2.9 μm particles, predictions from both the original (slow: 70 ± 2%, fast: 57 ± 2%) and the revised MPPD model (slow: 71 ± 2%, fast: 59 ± 3%) compared well with experiments (slow: 67 ± 8%, fast: 58 ± 10%). This was expected as suspended fraction of 2.9 μm particles was small and thus the addition of alveolar mixing and multi breath capability only slightly increased the retained fraction for particles of this size and greater. The revised 1D model improves dose predictions in the deep lung and support human risk assessment from exposure to airborne particles.

Nanobiocatalysis: a materials science road to biocatalysis

With high activity and specificity to conduct catalysis under mild conditions, enzymes show great promise in many fields. However, they are not acclimatized to environments in practice after leaving the familiar biological conditions. Aiming at this issue, nanobiocatalysis, a fresh area integrating nanotechnology and enzymatic catalysis, is expected to design biocatalysis based on materials science. Specifically, nano-integrated biocatalysis and bio-inspired nanocatalysis are considered as two effective nanobiocatalytic systems to meet different design needs. Notably, both systems are not entirely separated, and the combination of both further sparks more possibilities. This review summarizes the type, construction, and function of nanobiocatalytic systems, analyzing the pros and cons of different strategies. Moreover, the corresponding applications in bioassay, biotherapy, and environmental remediation are highlighted. We hope that the advent of nanobiocatalysis will help in grasping the inherence of biocatalysis and propel biocatalytic applications.

Ultra-Low Content Bismuth-Anchored Gold Aerogels with Plasmon Property for Enhanced Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing

Effective glucose surveillance provides a strong guarantee for the high-quality development of human health. Au nanomaterials possess compelling applications in nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensors owing to superior catalytic performances and intriguing biocompatibility properties. However, it has been a grand challenge to accurately control the architecture and composition of Au nanomaterials to optimize their optical, electronic, and magnetic properties for further improving the performance of electrocatalytic sensing. Herein, ultra-low content Bi-anchored Au aerogels are synthesized via a one-step reduction strategy. Benefiting from the unique structure of aerogels as well as the synergistic effect between Au and Bi, the optimized Au₂₀₀Bi aerogels greatly boost the activity of glucose oxidation compared with Au aerogels. Under plasmon resonance excitation, bimetallic Au₂₀₀Bi aerogels with wider photics-dependent properties further show plasmon-promoted glucose electro-oxidation activity, which is derived from the photothermal and photoelectric effects caused by the local surface plasmon resonance. Thanks to the enhanced performance, a nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensor is constructed to detect glucose with high sensitivity. This plasmon-promoted electrocatalytic activity through the synergetic strategy of bimetallic aerogels has potential applications in various research fields.

Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6  ×  6  ×  6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.

Single-Atom Iron Enables Strong Low-Triggering-Potential Luminol Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence

The conventional cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) always requires a more negative potential to trigger strong emission, which inevitably damages the bioactivity of targets and decreases the sensitivity and specificity. In this work, iron single-atom catalysts (Fe-N-C SACs) were employed as an efficient co-reaction accelerator for the first time to achieve the impressively cathodic emission of a luminol-H₂O₂ ECL system at an ultralow potential. Benefiting from the distinct electronic structure, Fe-N-C SACs exhibit remarkable properties for the activation of H₂O₂ to produce massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) under a negative scanning potential from 0 to -0.2 V. The ROS can oxidize the luminol anions into luminol anion radicals, avoiding the tedious electrochemical oxidation process of luminol. Then, the in situ-formed luminol anion radicals will directly react with ROS for the strong ECL emission. As a proof of concept, sensitive detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen was realized by glucose oxidase-mediated ECL immunoassay, shedding light on the superiority of SACs to construct efficient cathodic ECL systems with low triggering potential.

Search for an Excess of Electron Neutrino Interactions in MicroBooNE Using Multiple Final-State Topologies

We present a measurement of ν_{e} interactions from the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber to address the nature of the excess of low energy interactions observed by the MiniBooNE Collaboration. Three independent ν_{e} searches are performed across multiple single electron final states, including an exclusive search for two-body scattering events with a single proton, a semi-inclusive search for pionless events, and a fully inclusive search for events containing all hadronic final states. With differing signal topologies, statistics, backgrounds, reconstruction algorithms, and analysis approaches, the results are found to be either consistent with or modestly lower than the nominal ν_{e} rate expectations from the Booster Neutrino Beam and no excess of ν_{e} events is observed.

Amorphous metal-organic frameworks on PtCu hydrogels: Enzyme immobilization platform with boosted activity and stability for sensitive biosensing

Cell-free enzymatic catalysis (CFEC) is emerging biotechnology that simulates biological transformations without living cells. However, the high cost of separation and preparation of the enzyme has hindered the practical application of the CFEC. Enzyme immobilization technologies using solid supports to stabilize enzymes have been regarded as an efficient strategy to address this issue. Nevertheless, the activity and stability of the immobilized enzymes are still crucial challenges for working in vitro. Herein, an enzyme immobilization platform is developed by using PtCu hydrogels coated with amorphous metallic-organic frameworks (MOFs) as multifunctional carriers to encapsulate horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Specifically, PtCu hydrogels acting as a "reservoir of metal ions" can interact with the immobilized enzyme and facilitate electron transfer, leading to the boosted enzyme catalytic performances. Furthermore, amorphous MOFs on the surface of PtCu hydrogels serve as an "armor" to protect the internal enzymes from various perturbation environments. The resultant enzyme immobilization platform (PtCu@HRP@ZIF-8) not only shows an approximately 2.4-fold enhanced activity compared with free enzyme but also exhibits improved stability against harsh conditions. The PtCu@HRP@ZIF-8-based biosensor is constructed for sensitive sensing of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). The proposed biosensor exhibits a favorable linear relationship with the concentration of paraoxon-ethyl from 6 to 800 ng/mL, with a low detection limit of 1.8 ng/mL. This work reveals the promising potential of our proposed enzyme immobilization platform in practical applications.

Peroxymonosulfate Activation on Synergistically Enhanced Single-Atom Co/Co@C for Boosted Chemiluminescence of Tris(bipyridine) Ruthenium(II) Derivative

Tris(bipyridine) ruthenium(II)-based luminophores have been well developed in the area of electrochemiluminescence, while their applications in chemiluminescence (CL) are rarely studied due to the poor luminous efficiency and complicated CL reaction. Herein, a novel tris(bipyridine) ruthenium(II)-based ternary CL system is proposed by introducing cobalt single atoms integrated with graphene-encapsulated cobalt nanoparticles (Co SAs/Co@C) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as advanced coreaction accelerator and promising coreactant, respectively. On the basis of the experimental results and density functional theory calculations, it is concluded that Co@C can synergistically modulate the adsorption behavior of PMS on Co SAs and then efficiently activate PMS to produce massive singlet oxygen for remarkable CL emission. Under the optimum conditions, the as-prepared CL biosensor exhibits a good linear range, excellent sensitivity, and selectivity, holding great potential for the practical detection of prostate-specific antigen in human serum.

First Measurement of Energy-Dependent Inclusive Muon Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on Argon with the MicroBooNE Detector

We report a measurement of the energy-dependent total charged-current cross section σ(E_{ν}) for inclusive muon neutrinos scattering on argon, as well as measurements of flux-averaged differential cross sections as a function of muon energy and hadronic energy transfer (ν). Data corresponding to 5.3×10^{19} protons on target of exposure were collected using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber located in the Fermilab booster neutrino beam with a mean neutrino energy of approximately 0.8 GeV. The mapping between the true neutrino energy E_{ν} and reconstructed neutrino energy E_{ν}^{rec} and between the energy transfer ν and reconstructed hadronic energy E_{had}^{rec} are validated by comparing the data and Monte Carlo (MC) predictions. In particular, the modeling of the missing hadronic energy and its associated uncertainties are verified by a new method that compares the E_{had}^{rec} distributions between data and a MC prediction after constraining the reconstructed muon kinematic distributions, energy, and polar angle to those of data. The success of this validation gives confidence that the missing energy in the MicroBooNE detector is well modeled and underpins first-time measurements of both the total cross section σ(E_{ν}) and the differential cross section dσ/dν on argon.

[Safety and efficacy of left atrial appendage closure combined with patent foramen ovale closure for atrial fibrillation patients with patent foramen ovale]

Objective: To analyze the safety and efficacy of combined left atrial appendage (LAA) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in adult atrial fibrillation (AF) patients complicating with PFO. Methods: This study is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Seven patients with AF complicated with PFO diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences from June 2017 to October 2020 were selected. Basic data such as age, gender and medical history were collected. The atrial septal defect or PFO occluder and LAA occluder were selected according to the size of PFO, the ostia width and depth of LAA. Four patients underwent left atrial appendage closure(LAAC) and PFO closure at the same time. PFO closure was performed during a one-stop procedure of cryoablation combined with LAAC in 2 patients. One patient underwent PFO closure at 10 weeks after one-stop procedure because of recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA). All patients continued to take oral anticoagulants. TEE was repeated 8-12 weeks after intervention. In case of device related thrombus(DRT), TEE shall be rechecked 6 months after adjusting anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug treatment. Patients were follow-up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months by telephone call, and the occurrence of cardio-cerebrovascular events was recorded. Results: Among the 7 patients with AF, 2 were male, aged (68.0±9.4) years, and 3 had a history of recurrent cerebral infarction and TIA. Average PFO diameter was (3.5±0.8)mm. Three patients were implanted with Watchman LAA occluder (30, 30, 33 mm) and atrial septal defect occluder (8, 9, 16 mm). 2 patients were implanted with LAmbre LAA occluder (34/38, 18/32 mm) and PFO occluder (PF1825, PF2525). 2 patients were implanted with LACbes LAA occluder (24, 28 mm) and PFO occluder (PF2525, PF1825) respectively. The patients were followed up for 12 (11, 24) months after operation. TEE reexamination showed that the position of LAA occluder and atrial septal defect occluder or PFO occluder was normal in all patients. DRT was detected in 1 patient, and anticoagulant therapy was adjusted in this patient. 6 months later, TEE showed that DRT disappeared. No cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events occurred in all patients with AF during follow-up. Conclusions: In AF patients complicated with PFO, LAAC combined with PFO closure may have good safety and effectiveness.

Search for Neutrino-Induced Neutral-Current Δ Radiative Decay in MicroBooNE and a First Test of the MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess under a Single-Photon Hypothesis

We report results from a search for neutrino-induced neutral current (NC) resonant Δ(1232) baryon production followed by Δ radiative decay, with a ⟨0.8⟩  GeV neutrino beam. Data corresponding to MicroBooNE's first three years of operations (6.80×10^{20} protons on target) are used to select single-photon events with one or zero protons and without charged leptons in the final state (1γ1p and 1γ0p, respectively). The background is constrained via an in situ high-purity measurement of NC π^{0} events, made possible via dedicated 2γ1p and 2γ0p selections. A total of 16 and 153 events are observed for the 1γ1p and 1γ0p selections, respectively, compared to a constrained background prediction of 20.5±3.65(syst) and 145.1±13.8(syst) events. The data lead to a bound on an anomalous enhancement of the normalization of NC Δ radiative decay of less than 2.3 times the predicted nominal rate for this process at the 90% confidence level (C.L.). The measurement disfavors a candidate photon interpretation of the MiniBooNE low-energy excess as a factor of 3.18 times the nominal NC Δ radiative decay rate at the 94.8% C.L., in favor of the nominal prediction, and represents a greater than 50-fold improvement over the world's best limit on single-photon production in NC interactions in the sub-GeV neutrino energy range.