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Romeo A, Cappelli G, Iacovelli F, Colizzi V, Falconi M. Computational and experimental validation of phthalocyanine and hypericin as effective SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3920-3934. [PMID: 37235773 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2216276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine and hypericin have been previously identified as possible SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein fusion inhibitors through a virtual screening procedure. In this paper, atomistic simulations of metal-free phthalocyanines and atomistic and coarse-grained simulations of hypericins, placed around a complete model of the Spike embedded in a viral membrane, allowed to further explore their multi-target inhibitory potential, uncovering their binding to key protein functional regions and their propensity to insert in the membrane. Following computational results, pre-treatment of a pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with low compounds concentrations resulted in a strong inhibition of its entry into cells, suggesting the activity of these molecules should involve the direct targeting of the viral envelope surface. The combination of computational and in vitro results hence supports the role of hypericin and phthalocyanine as promising SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors, further endorsed by literature reporting the efficacy of these compounds in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 activity and in treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Romeo
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cappelli
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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2
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Lerdsri J, Jakmunee J, Reanpang P. Development of a sensitive electrochemical method to determine amitraz based on perylene tetracarboxylic acid/mesoporous carbon/Nafion@SPCEs. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:228. [PMID: 38558104 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A cutting-edge electrochemical method is presented for precise quantification of amitraz (AMZ), a commonly used acaricide in veterinary medicine and agriculture. Leveraging a lab-made screen-printed carbon electrode modified with a synergistic blend of perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA), mesoporous carbon (MC), and Nafion, the sensor's sensitivity was significantly improved. Fine-tuning of PTCA, MC, and Nafion ratios, alongside optimization of the pH of the supporting electrolyte and accumulation time, resulted in remarkable sensitivity enhancements. The sensor exhibited a linear response within the concentration range 0.01 to 0.70 μg mL-1, boasting an exceptionally low limit of detection of 0.002 μg mL-1 and a limit of quantification of 0.10 μg mL-1, surpassing maximum residue levels permitted in honey, tomato, and longan samples. Validation with real samples demonstrated high recoveries ranging from 80.8 to 104.8%, with a relative standard deviation below 10%, affirming the method's robustness and precision. The modified PTCA/MC/Nafion@SPCE-based electrochemical sensor not only offers superior sensitivity but also simplicity and cost-effectiveness, making it a pivotal tool for accurate AMZ detection in food samples. Furthermore, beyond the scope of this study, the sensor presents promising prospects for wider application across various electrochemical analytical fields, thereby significantly contributing to food safety and advancing agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamras Lerdsri
- Department of Livestock Development, Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Northern Region), Lampang, 52190, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, and Material Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Reanpang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Lampang, 52190, Thailand.
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3
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Fang L, Huang R, Gong W, Ji Y, Sun Y, Gou S, Zhao J. A Self-Assembly-Induced Exciton Delocalization Strategy for Converting a Perylene Diimide Derivative from a Type-II to Type-I Photosensitizer. Small 2024; 20:e2307414. [PMID: 37940626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type-I photosensitizers have shown advantages in addressing the shortcomings of traditional oxygen-dependent type-II photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypoxic tumors. However, developing type-I photosensitizers is yet a huge challenge because the type-II energy transfer process is much faster than the type-I electron transfer process. Herein, from the fundamental point of view, an effective approach is proposed to improve the electron transfer efficiency of the photosensitizer by lowering the internal reorganization energy and exciton binding energy via self-assembly-induced exciton delocalization. An example proof is presented by the design of a perylene diimide (PDI)-based photosensitizer (PDIMp) that can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) via a type-II energy transfer process in the monomeric state, but induce the generation of superoxide anion (O2˙-) via a type-I electron transfer process in the aggregated state. Significantly, with the addition ofcucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), the self-assembled PDIMp can convert back to the monomeric state via host-guest complexation and consequently recover the generation of 1O2. The biological evaluations reveal that supramolecular nanoparticles (PDIMp-NPs) derived from PDIMp show superior phototherapeutic performance via synergistic type-I PDT and mild photothermal therapy (PTT) against cancer under either normoxia or hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wenqi Gong
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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4
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Kumar S, Singh I, Hsan N, Swain BS, Koh J. Synthesis of chitosan-based perylene dye material for photovoltaic solar-cell application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126964. [PMID: 37722641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Renewable energy, such as solar energy, is infinite, readily available, and has extensive applications. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been well developed; thus, they can be developed with low production costs, high efficiency, and facile manufacturing techniques. This study proposes a novel chitosan biopolymer-based perylene dye; the dye is modified by chitosan with perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic anhydride using a one-pot acylation of nitrogen nucleophiles for DSSCs. The chitosan biopolymer-based perylene dyes were characterized using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C CP-TOSS nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy of chitosan biopolymer-based perylene dye exhibited a red-shift compared with perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic anhydride and chitosan. The DSSC properties of chitosan biopolymer-based perylene dye were investigated, and it exhibited a 2.022 % power-conversion efficiency. Thus, this promising chitosan biopolymer-based perylene dye may have potential applications in solar-cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur 208002, UP, India
| | - Ira Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur 208002, UP, India
| | - Nazrul Hsan
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhabani Sankar Swain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, Jeongneung-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Koh
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Gusmão LA, Rodero CF, Pironi AM, Chorilli M, Perussi JR. Hypericin supramolecular assembles: A way to increase the skin availability and photodynamic efficiency in tumor cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103858. [PMID: 37898262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are molecules approved by the FDA and show promise in increasing the solubility of hydrophobic molecules and making them more available to the skin. These CDs have been used to form complexes with some photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), such as Hypericin (HY). HY is a lipophilic photosensitizer known for its exceptional fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yield generation of over 20 % under 590 nm irradiation. In this study, we found a six-fold increase in the release of HY in vitro after complexation with β-CD. The β-CDHY assembly also demonstrated better skin retention, which is crucial for the topical application of this photosensitizer. Furthermore, the β-CD complexation led to a significant increase in the phototoxicity of HY at three different light doses (3, 6, and 10 J cm-2) due to its improved water solubility and higher in vitro accumulation (approximately two times compared with free HY) in HeLa and Vero cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Araújo Gusmão
- University of São Paulo (USP), Chemical Insititut of São Carlos (IQSC), Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Fernanda Rodero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Maria Pironi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Pevná V, Zauška Ľ, Benziane A, Vámosi G, Girman V, Miklóšová M, Zeleňák V, Huntošová V, Almáši M. Effective transport of aggregated hypericin encapsulated in SBA-15 nanoporous silica particles for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 247:112785. [PMID: 37714000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents an interesting modality for the elimination of damaged biomaterials and cells. This treatment takes advantage of the photosensitizing properties of molecules that are active only when irradiated with light. In the present work, a dual property of hypericin, a hydrophobic molecule with high performance in photodiagnostics and photodynamic therapy, was exploited. The non-fluorescent and photodynamically inactive form of hypericin aggregates was loaded into the nanopores of SBA-15 silica particles. The synthesized particles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Hypericin aggregates were confirmed by absorption spectra typical of aggregated hypericin and by its short fluorescence lifetime. Release of hypericin from the particles was observed toward serum proteins, mimicking physiological conditions. Temperature- and time-dependent uptake of hypericin by cancer cells showed gradual release of hypericin from the particles and active cellular transport by endocytosis. A closer examination of SBA-15-hypericin uptake by fluorescence lifetime imaging showed that aggregated hypericin molecules, characterized by a short fluorescence lifetime (∼4 ns), were still present in the SBA-15 particles upon uptake by cells. However, monomerization of hypericin in cancer cells was observed by extending the hypericin fluorescence lifetime by ∼8 ns, preferentially in lipid compartments and the plasma membrane. This suggests a promising prognosis for delayed biological activity of the entire cargo, which was confirmed by effective PDT in vitro. In summary, this work presents an approach for safe, inactive delivery of hypericin that is activated at the target site in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Pevná
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Zauška
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, SK-041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anass Benziane
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vámosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vladimír Girman
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Park Angelinum, SK-041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Monika Miklóšová
- 2(nd) Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Rastislavova 43, SK-040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Zeleňák
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, SK-041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntošová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Almáši
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, SK-041 54, Košice, Slovakia
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7
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Chi KN, Liu JW, Guan Y, Li QX, Yang T, Hu R, Yang YH. Effect of perylene assembly shapes on photoelectrochemical properties and ultrasensitive biosensing behaviors toward dopamine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5845-5854. [PMID: 37528268 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on perylene diimide derivatives (PDIs) was developed for the ultrasensitive quantification of dopamine (DA). PDIs were able to form self-assembled semiconductor nanostructures by strong π-π stacking, suitable for photoactive substances. Moreover, the shape of the PDI significantly affected the PEC properties of these nanostructures. The results showed that amino PDI with two-dimensional (2D) wrinkled layered nanostructures exhibited superior PEC properties relative to one-dimensional (1D) nanorods and fiber-based nanostructures (methyl and carboxyl PDIs). Based on these results, a mechanism for PEC sensor action was then proposed. The presence of 2D amino-PDI resulted in accelerated charge separation and transport. Furthermore, dopamine acted as effective electron donor to cause an increase in photocurrent. The as-obtained sensor was then used to detect small molecules like DA. A blue light optimized sensor at an applied potential of 0.7 V showed a detection limit of 1.67 nM with a wide linear range of 5 nM to 10 μM. On the other hand, the sensor presented acceptable reliability in determining DA in real samples. A recovery rate between 97.99 and 101.0% was obtained. Overall, controlling the morphology of semiconductors can influence PEC performance, which is a useful finding for the future development of PEC sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Neng Chi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Xia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
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8
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Pevná V, Zauška Ľ, Almáši M, Hovan A, Bánó G, Máčajová M, Bilčík B, Zeleňák V, Huntošová V. Redistribution of hydrophobic hypericin from nanoporous particles of SBA-15 silica in vitro, in cells and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123288. [PMID: 37532008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous silica is nowadays used in various fields of nano- and micro-materials research. The advantage of nanoporous material is that it can be filled with various hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules, which are then delivered to the target cells and tissues. In the present study, we have studied the interaction of nanoporous silica with hydrophobic and photodynamically active molecule - hypericin. Hypericin was adsorbed on/in SBA-15 silica, which led to the disappearance of its fluorescence due to hypericin aggregate formation. However, it was observed here that hypericin can be easily redistributed from these particles towards proteins and lipids in serum and cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the charged surface character of SBA-15 pores forced the creation of protein/lipid corona on particles. Such complex enabled monomerization of hypericin on the surface of particles presented by fluorescence in the corona and singlet oxygen production suitable for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT efficacy achieved by introducing the new construct into the PDT protocol was comparable to the efficacy of hypericin PDT. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a promising approach for the delivery of hydrophobic photosensitizers to cancer cells by nanoporous silica using fluorescence techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Pevná
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Zauška
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Almáši
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mariana Máčajová
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bilčík
- Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Zeleňák
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntošová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
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Zhao Y, Zheng W, Liao M, Zhou S, He W, Liu M, Yao Z. Fluorescent detection of tartrazine based on the supramolecular self-assembly of cationic perylene diimide. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:290. [PMID: 37442817 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A cationic perylene probe was designed and synthesized for sensitive determination of tartrazine. In the presence of tartrazine, the fluorescence of the perylene probe was quenched by efficient supramolecular self-assembly of the perylene derivate. The quenching is caused by the synergistic effect of noncovalent interactions including static electricity, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interaction. Benefiting from these advantages, the probe exhibited excellent sensing performance to tartrazine within 2 min. The detection and quantification limit of tartrazine are as low as 2.42 and 8.07 nmol L-1, respectively, with a wide linear operation range from 15 to 500 nmol L-1. Most importantly, due to the high binding affinity (3.22 × 107 mol L-1) between the perylene probe and tartrazine, the sensing system shows great anti-interference capacity. Subsequently, the visualization application of the approach was evaluated by portable device, and the limits of detection for visual detection for test strip, membrane, and hydrogel were 0.5, 0.5, and 5 μmol L-1, respectively. The approach has been applied to monitor tartrazine in various food condiments with recoveries in the range 91.29-108.83%. As far as we know, this is the first report of using perylene-based probe for tartrazine determination, offering a promising strategy for the construction of perylene-based detection system in the field of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weilian Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengyu Liao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiheng He
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Technical Center for Safety of Industrial Products of Tianjin Customs District, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Port Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Risk Prevention and Control Science and Technology, Laboratory of Emergency Inspection and Testing for Toxicological Safety Assessment of Import and Export Food Safety of General Administration of Customs, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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10
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Chang CH, Lee YC, Hsiao G, Chang LK, Chi WC, Cheng YC, Huang SJ, Wang TC, Lu YS, Lee TH. Anti-Epstein-Barr Viral Agents from the Medicinal Herb-Derived Fungus Alternaria alstroemeriae Km2286. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2667-2674. [PMID: 36346918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation on the liquid-state fermented products produced by the fungal strain Alternaria alstroemeriae Km2286 isolated from the littoral medicinal herb Atriplex maximowicziana Makino resulted in the isolation of compounds 1-9. Structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis as four undescribed perylenequinones, altertromins A-D (1-4), along with altertoxin IV (5), altertoxin VIII (6), stemphyperylenol (7), tenuazonic acid (8), and allo-tenuazonic acid (9). Compounds 1-6 exhibited antiviral activities against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with EC50 values ranging from 0.17 ± 0.07 to 3.13 ± 0.31 μM and selectivity indices higher than 10. In an anti-neuroinflammatory assay, compounds 1-4, 6, and 7 showed inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial BV-2 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.33 ± 0.04 to 4.08 ± 0.53 μM without significant cytotoxicity. This is the first report to describe perylenequinone-type compounds with potent anti-EBV and anti-neuroinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kwan Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiung Chi
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen 89250, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jung Huang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chou Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Abstract
This Review provides a critical analysis of the literature covering the naturally occurring partially reduced perylenequinones (PQs) from fungi without carbon substituents (which can be named class A perylenequinones) and discusses their structures, stereochemistry, biosynthesis, and biological activities as appropriate. Perylenequinones are natural pigments with a perylene skeleton produced by certain fungi, aphids, some plants, and animal species. These compounds display several biological activities, e.g., antimicrobial, anti-HIV, photosensitizers, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic. It describes 36 fungal PQs and cites 81 references, covering from 1956 to August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Geris
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Química de Microrganismos (LBQM), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo S/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brasil
| | - Matheus A Pinho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Química de Microrganismos (LBQM), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo S/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brasil
| | - Elisangela F Boffo
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Química de Microrganismos (LBQM), Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo S/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brasil
| | - Thomas J Simpson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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12
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Gao X, Li Y, Zhang J, Cheng N, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Yao Z. Rapid detection of hydrogen sulfide in vegetables and monosodium glutamate based on perylene supramolecular aggregates using an indicator displacement assays strategy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 276:121223. [PMID: 35429859 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been clearly identified as a hazardous chemical pollutant that seriously affects food safety and human health. In order to develop a rapid, accurate and efficient H2S tracking method, this work propose a strategy based on indicator displacement assays (IDA). A water-soluble histidine-modified perylene diimide fluorescent probe was synthesized by a one-step method, and the probe can form supramolecular aggregates in the presence of Cd2+. There will be a fluorescence transformation of probe, caused by the change of the state of aggregation and adjusted by various concentration of S2-, which can achieve the fluorescence detection of S2-. The limit of detection is as low as 0.41 µmol/L. Particularly worth mentioning is that the probe in this work can be recycled for at least 5 times, which is environmentally friendly and economical. Finally, this method was applied in three kinds of vegetables and monosodium glutamate samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yining Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Agro-Product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zijuan Zhang
- Agro-Product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100076, China.
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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13
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Walia R, Yang J. Exploring optimal multimode vibronic pathways in singlet fission of azaborine analogues of perylene. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1689-1700. [PMID: 35716333 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of new singlet fission chromophores is a vibrant area of research to explore the possibility of efficient photovoltaic devices. Using high-level ab-initio density matrix renormalization group calculations, we present a systematic analysis of BN-doped perylenes for their potential application as singlet fission candidates. Four singlet fission chromophores are identified considering the monomer-based properties and their excitonic characters are further analyzed in a dimer configuration optimized in a six-dimensional space for local maxima of fission rates. Furthermore, a multistate multimode vibronic Hamiltonian is employed to identify intra- and interstate vibrational pathways for excitation energy modulation. Several photophysical properties such as Davydov splitting, activation energy and vibronic admixture of multiexcitonic and charge-transfer states are calculated for physically accessible dimers. The optimal dimer packing results in appropriate vibrational relaxation of singlet fission states and promotes significant population transfer which would be more attenuated without such couplings. This work not only identifies potential singlet fission systems with favorable electronic properties but also highlights the sensitivity of dimer packings with respect to the substitution patterns in singlet fission chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Walia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Sun Y, Liang C, Zheng L, Liu L, Li Z, Yang G, Li Y. Anti-fatigue effect of hypericin in a chronic forced exercise mouse model. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114767. [PMID: 34710555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypericum perforatum L. is a traditional Chinese medicine used to sooth the liver, relieve depression, reduce body temperature, reduce sweating, and stimulate lactation. HP was extracted from Hypericum perforatum L. AIM OF STUDY The antifatigue effects of hypericin were assessed in a series of experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-to eight-week-old male ICR mice were raised in our lab. Mice were subjected to swimming training for 2 h, 6 days/week for 6 weeks. One hour prior to each swimming session, intraperitoneal injection of saline or HP (2 or 4 mg/kg) was performed. RESULTS Compared with the fatigue model control group, HP was found to significantly increase the swimming time in forced swimming tests. The molecular mechanisms underlying the antifatigue effects were further revealed by analysing energy metabolism, the oxidant-antioxidant system and the inflammatory response. HP normalized changes in BLA, LDH, BUN, and CK, LG in the liver. In addition, multiple assays have confirmed that HP improved the MDA, T-AOC, GSH-PX and SOD activity, and the relevant signalling pathways involved in the antifatigue effects were clarified. Furthermore, HP improves the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the anti-chronic fatigue effects of HP are likely achieved by normalizing energy metabolism and attenuating oxidative and inflammatory responses. Consequently, this study supports HP use in the clinic to alleviate chronic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Chen Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
| | - Zhijin Li
- Xiamen Health and Medical Big Data Center (Xiamen Medicine Research Institute), Xiamen Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
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15
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Li J, Luo M, Jin C, Zhang P, Yang H, Cai R, Tan W. Plasmon-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of PTP-Decorated Eu MOF-Based Pt-Tipped Au Bimetallic Nanorods for the Lincomycin Assay. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:383-389. [PMID: 34978181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic bimetal nanostructures can be employed to amplify electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals. In this work, a high-performance ECL platform was constructed using a europium metal-organic framework (MOF) as a luminophore and Au-Pt bimetallic nanorods (NRs) as a plasma source. Due to the SPR effect of Au-Pt NRs, the aptasensor exhibits 2.6-fold ECL intensity compared to that of pure polyaniline (PANI)-decorated perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCA)/Eu MOF. Moreover, decoration with PTP greatly enhances the conductivity and stability of Eu MOF, resulting in sizeable plasmon-enhanced electrochemical luminescence. The as-designed plasmon-enhanced ECL aptasensor displayed highly sensitive detection for lincomycin (Lin). The as-proposed aptasensor could quantify Lin from 0.1 mg/mL to 0.1 ng/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.026 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mengyu Luo
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Can Jin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfen Yang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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16
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Yin P, Zhang W, Shang L, Ma R, Jia L, Wang H. Graphene oxide/perylene-aniline electrochemiluminescence platform for protein detection based on molecule recognition. Anal Methods 2021; 13:5293-5298. [PMID: 34730131 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most biosensors for folate receptor (FR) detection based on folic acid (FA) recognition usually contain FA-linked single-strand DNA (FA-ssDNA) and nuclease to promote sensitivity, which increases expenses and involves complicated assay processes. A few electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors that do not use FA-ssDNA and nuclease directly graft FA onto an ECL nanomaterial through covalent bonding for FR detection. In this study, we used FA-ssDNA to non-covalently graft FA onto π-conjugated ECL nanomaterial graphene oxide (GO)/perylene-aniline for fabricating ultrasensitive FR sensors without nuclease. 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and aniline (An) self-assembled into π-conjugated nanorods, which were then loaded onto GO. This material was reported to produce 673 nm-dominated ECL with the co-reactant K2S2O8, and was used as an ECL platform. FA-modified Poly-dA-ssDNA (FA-Poly-dA-ssDNA) molecules, consisting of 20 bases, were attached to the surface of GO/PTCDA-An to capture FR. A significant decrease of ECL intensity was observed due to the steric hindrance of FR. The proposed sensors exhibited high detection sensitivity with a linear range from 1 fg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.636 fg mL-1. The sensors also showed good potential in real sample detection. Without introducing nuclease and complicated chemical reactions, this work provides a new sensing strategy for protein detection based on molecular recognition, which is extremely important in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China.
| | - Lei Shang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China.
| | - Rongna Ma
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China.
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252059, China.
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17
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Gao X, Zhang H, Shen Y, Li Y, Xiao K, Xu H, Zhang L, Yao Z. Visual detection of fluoride based on supramolecular aggregates of perylene diimide in 100% aqueous media. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:331. [PMID: 34498134 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble perylene imide derivative (PDI-Glu) was synthesized and their supramolecular aggregates composed of PDI-Glu and Al3+ were prepared as a "turn on" fluorometric probe to monitor F- in a purely aqueous system. Based on an "indicator displacement assay" (IDA) approach, the sensing performance and mechanism of PDI-Glu/Al3+ complex toward F- were investigated by absorption and emission spectra. It was suggested that disassembly of PDI-Glu/Al3+ aggregates was promoted by addition of F- through the competitive binding between Al3+ and F-. The detection limit is 240 nmol/L. This method featured simple preparation, excellent water solubility, adjustable self-assembly performance, ease of observation and operation, and high selectivity and sensitivity. It was used for monitoring F- in toothpaste and tap water samples with excellent accuracy and recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first water-soluble perylene diimide-based probe for F- detection in 100% aqueous media. We believe this work could not only extend the sensing scope of water-soluble perylene diimide, but also bring some useful information for the rapid detection of anionic analytes in aqueous media. The disassembly of supramolecular aggregates of PDI-Glu/Al3+ along with significant fluorescence recovery enable a rapid and visual detection of F- based on an "indicator displacement assay" strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yao Shen
- Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yining Li
- Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Keren Xiao
- Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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18
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Vemulapalli SPB, Fuentes-Monteverde JC, Karschin N, Oji T, Griesinger C, Wolkenstein K. Structure and Absolute Configuration of Phenanthro-perylene Quinone Pigments from the Deep-Sea Crinoid Hypalocrinus naresianus. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080445. [PMID: 34436285 PMCID: PMC8400451 DOI: 10.3390/md19080445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new water-soluble phenanthroperylene quinones, gymnochrome H (2) and monosulfated gymnochrome A (3), as well as the known compounds gymnochrome A (4) and monosulfated gymnochrome D (5) were isolated from the deep-sea crinoid Hypalocrinus naresianus, which had been collected in the deep sea of Japan. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including HRMS, 1D 1H and 13C NMR, and 2D NMR. The absolute configuration was determined by ECD spectroscopy, analysis of J-couplings and ROE contacts, and DFT calculations. The configuration of the axial chirality of all isolated phenanthroperylene quinones (2–5) was determined to be (P). For gymnochrome H (2) and monosulfated gymnochrome A (3), a (2′S,2″R) configuration was determined, whereas for monosulfated gymnochrome D (5) a (2′R,2″R), configuration was determined. Acetylated quinones are unusual among natural products from an echinoderm and gymnochrome H (2) together with the recently reported gymnochrome G (1) represent the first isolated acetylated phenanthroperylene quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithya Phani Babu Vemulapalli
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.P.B.V.); (J.C.F.-M.); (N.K.)
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Fuentes-Monteverde
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.P.B.V.); (J.C.F.-M.); (N.K.)
| | - Niels Karschin
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.P.B.V.); (J.C.F.-M.); (N.K.)
| | - Tatsuo Oji
- Nagoya University Museum, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.P.B.V.); (J.C.F.-M.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Klaus Wolkenstein
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (S.P.B.V.); (J.C.F.-M.); (N.K.)
- Department of Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (K.W.)
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19
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Yang N, Song S, Ren J, Liu C, Li Z, Qi H, Yu C. Controlled Aggregation of a Perylene-Derived Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Phototherapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:5008-5015. [PMID: 35007049 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of water-soluble phototherapeutic agents with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission is highly desirable for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report the construction of an amphiphilic perylene-derived photosensitizer, AP. AP shows NIR emission with large Stokes shift (130 nm) and high 1O2 quantum yield (22%). It can self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution with quenched fluorescence emission due to aggregation-induced quenching. Upon membrane anchoring, AP is able to disassemble into free monomer molecules and specifically "light up" the cell membrane without the usually required washing procedures. Furthermore, AP is subsequently used for the efficient photodynamic therapy against cancer cells and solid tumors. The in vitro and in vivo experiments clearly indicate that AP is suitable for biological imaging and can serve as a promising photosensitizer for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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20
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Keum C, Hong J, Kim D, Lee SY, Kim H. Lysosome-Instructed Self-Assembly of Amino-Acid-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:14866-14874. [PMID: 33759486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells reduces chemotherapeutic efficacy by preventing drug accumulation in the cells through a drug efflux pump and lysosomal sequestration/exocytosis. Herein, to overcome such anticancer resistance, lysosome-targeted self-assembly of perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives is presented as a powerful strategy for effective and selective anticancer therapy. Stimulated by the lysosomal low pH, the amphiphilic PDI derivatives functionalized with amino acids (PDI-AAs) construct fibrous self-assembled structures inside the lysosomes, causing cancer cell apoptosis by lysosomal rupture. In contrast, negligible apoptosis was observed from normal cells by PDI-AA. The agglomerated fibrous assemblies were not removed by lysosomal exocytosis, thereby displaying a 10.7-fold higher anticancer efficacy on MDR cancer cells compared to a doxorubicin chemotherapeutic agent. The MDR-circumventing capability, along with high selectivity toward cancer cells, supports PDI-AAs as potential candidates for the treatment of MDR cancer cells by lysosome-targeted self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjoon Keum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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21
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Li YT, Yang C, Wu Y, Lv JJ, Feng X, Tian X, Zhou Z, Pan X, Liu S, Tian LW. Axial Chiral Binaphthoquinone and Perylenequinones from the Stromata of Hypocrella bambusae Are SARS-CoV-2 Entry Inhibitors. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:436-443. [PMID: 33560122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new axial chiral binaphtoquinone, hypocrellone (1), and a new perylenequinone, hypomycin F (2), were isolated from the stromata of Hypocrella bambusae, together with five known compounds, 3-7. The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned by spectroscopic and HRESIMS data analyses. The axial chirality of 1 was determined by electronic circular dichroism data analysis, and the absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The axial chirality of 7 was determined by UV-induced photooxidation from 4. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 showed inhibitory activity against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infection in 293T-ACE2 cells with IC50 values of 0.17, 0.038, and 0.12 μM. Compounds 4 and 5 were also active against live SARS-CoV-2 infection with EC50 values of 0.22 and 0.21 μM, respectively. Further cell-cell fusion assays, surface plasmon resonance assays, and molecular docking studies revealed that 4 and 5 could bind with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 S protein to prevent its interaction with human angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor. Our results revealed that 4 and 5 are potential SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jiang Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaofei Tian
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Makarova K, Sajkowska-Kozielewicz JJ, Zawada K, Olchowik-Grabarek E, Ciach MA, Gogolewski K, Dobros N, Ciechowicz P, Freichels H, Gambin A. Harvest time affects antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol and flavonoid content of Polish St John's wort's (Hypericum perforatum L.) flowers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3989. [PMID: 33597594 PMCID: PMC7889936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of hyperforin and hypericin-standardized H. perforatum L. extracts may vary due to the harvest time. In this work, ethanol and ethanol-water extracts of air-dried and lyophilized flowers of H. perforatum L., collected throughout a vegetation season in central Poland, were studied. Air-dried flowers extracts had higher polyphenol (371 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (160 mg CAE/g) content, DPPH radical scavenging (1672 mg DPPH/g), ORAC (5214 µmol TE/g) and FRAP (2.54 mmol Fe2+/g) than lyophilized flowers extracts (238 mg GAE/g, 107 mg CAE/g, 1287 mg DPPH/g, 3313 µmol TE/g and 0.31 mmol Fe2+/g, respectively). Principal component analysis showed that the collection date influenced the flavonoid and polyphenol contents and FRAP of ethanol extracts, and DPPH and ORAC values of ethanol-water extracts. The ethanol extracts with the highest polyphenol and flavonoid content protected human erythrocytes against bisphenol A-induced damage. Both high field and benchtop NMR spectra of selected extracts, revealed differences in composition caused by extraction solvent and raw material collection date. Moreover, we have shown that benchtop NMR can be used to detect the compositional variation of extracts if the assignment of signals is done previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Makarova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna J Sajkowska-Kozielewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zawada
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Aleksander Ciach
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
- Centre for Statistics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Limburg, Belgium
| | - Krzysztof Gogolewski
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Natalia Dobros
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Ciechowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy With Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Gambin
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
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23
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Galinari CB, Conrado PCV, Arita GS, Mosca VAB, Melo RC, Bianchi TDP, Faria DR, Sakita KM, Malacarne LC, Gonçalves RS, Pereira PCDS, Cesar GB, Caetano W, de Souza M, da Silva Palácios R, Baesso ML, Svidzinski TIE, Cotica ÉSK, Bonfim-Mendonça PDS. Nanoencapsulated hypericin in P-123 associated with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of dermatophytosis. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 215:112103. [PMID: 33383558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely explored. According to superficial nature of tinea capitis and the facility of application of light sources, the use of nanoencapsulated hypericin in P-123 associated with PDT (P123-Hy-PDT) has been a poweful tool to treat this pathology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of P123-Hy-PDT against planktonic cells and in a murine model of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis. In vitro antifungal susceptibility and in vivo efficiency tests were performed, including a skin toxicity assay, analysis of clinical signs by evaluating score, and photoacoustic spectroscopy. In addition, tissue analyses by histopathology and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as quantitative and qualitative antifungal assays, were employed. The in vitro assays demonstrated antifungal susceptibility with 6.25 and 12.5 μmol/L P123-Hy-PDI; these experiments are the first that have used this treatment of animals. P123-Hyp-mediated PDT showed neither skin nor biochemical alteration in vivo; it was safe for dermatophytosis treatment. Additionally, the treatment revealed rapid improvement in clinical signs at the site of infection after only three treatment sessions, with a clinical score confirmed by photoacoustic spectroscopy. The mycological reduction occurred after six treatment sessions, with a statistically significant decrease compared with untreated infected animals. These findings showed that P123-Hy-PDT restored tissue damage caused by infection, a phenomenon confirmed by histopathological analysis and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Our results reveal for the first time that P123-Hy-PDT is a promising treatment for tinea capitis and tinea corporis caused by M. canis, because it showed rapid clinical improvement and mycological reduction without causing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Barros Galinari
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Sayuri Arita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Cabral Melo
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago de Paula Bianchi
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniella Renata Faria
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karina Mayumi Sakita
- Department of Analysis Clinics & Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Monique de Souza
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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24
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Verebová V, Beneš J, Staničová J. Biophysical Characterization and Anticancer Activities of Photosensitive Phytoanthraquinones Represented by Hypericin and Its Model Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E5666. [PMID: 33271809 PMCID: PMC7731333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitive compounds found in herbs have been reported in recent years as having a variety of interesting medicinal and biological activities. In this review, we focus on photosensitizers such as hypericin and its model compounds emodin, quinizarin, and danthron, which have antiviral, antifungal, antineoplastic, and antitumor effects. They can be utilized as potential agents in photodynamic therapy, especially in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. We aimed to give a comprehensive summary of the physical and chemical properties of these interesting molecules, emphasizing their mechanism of action in relation to their different interactions with biomacromolecules, specifically with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Verebová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Jiří Beneš
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Staničová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic;
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25
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Kundelev EV, Tepliakov NV, Leonov MY, Maslov VG, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Rukhlenko ID, Rogach AL. Toward Bright Red-Emissive Carbon Dots through Controlling Interaction among Surface Emission Centers. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8121-8127. [PMID: 32893642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Relatively weak red photoluminescence of carbon dots (CDots) is a major challenge on the way to their successful implementation in biological and optoelectronic devices. We present a theoretical analysis of the interaction among the surface emission centers of CDots, showing that it may determine efficiency of the red photoluminescence of CDots. Based on the previous experimental studies, it is assumed that the optical response of the CDots is determined by the molecule-like subunits of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) attached to the CDots' surface. Three characteristic types of coupling of these PAH subunits are considered: non-interacting monomers, noncovalently bound dimers, and covalently bound dimers with two, three, or four carbon linkers. We demonstrate that the CDots' photoluminescence broadens, redshifts, and weakens by 2 orders of magnitude when the free monomers are substituted by the covalently bridged centers. These and other results of our study show that the realization of CDots with many weakly interacting surface emission centers may constitute an efficient way to achieve their efficient red photoluminescence, which is highly desirable for biological and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Kundelev
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Nikita V Tepliakov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Chair of Computational Condensed Matter Physics (C3MP), Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Yu Leonov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Maslov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander V Baranov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Fedorov
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan D Rukhlenko
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Information Optical Technologies Center, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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26
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Liang S, Wang Y, Mu L, She G, Shi W. Robust liquid-core nanocapsules as biocompatible and precise ratiometric fluorescent thermometers for living cells. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:365502. [PMID: 32442993 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab95b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular thermometry with favorable biocompatibility and precision is essential for insight into temperature-related cellular events. Here, liquid-core nanocapsule ratiometric fluorescent thermometers (LCN-RFTs) were prepared by encapsulating thermosensitive organic fluorophores (N,N'-di(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide, DEH-PDI) with hydrophobic solvent (2,2,4-trimethylpentane, TMP) into polystyrene/silica hybrid nanoshells. As the fluorescent thermosensitive unit of the LCN-RFT, the TMP solution of DEH-PDI was responsible for the fluorescence response to temperature. Benefitting from the hydrophilic nanoshells, the LCN-RFTs exhibited favorable anti-interference and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the LCN-RFTs showed an excellent precision of 0.02 °C-0.10 °C in a simulated physiological environment from 10.00 °C to 90.00 °C, and were employed to realize intracellular thermometry with an outstanding precision of 0.06 °C-0.14 °C. This work provides a feasible method of using hydrophobic organic fluorophores for intracellular thermometry by encapsulating them into nanocapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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27
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Abdelhamid S, Sharaf A, Youssef T, Kassab K, Salaheldin TA, Zedan AF. Spectroscopic and photostability study of water-soluble hypericin encapsulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone. Biophys Chem 2020; 266:106454. [PMID: 32795732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin has gained great attention as a powerful photosensitizing and fluorescent agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence diagnosis (FD) of cancer. However, native hypericin is hydrophobic and nearly insoluble in aqueous media which hinders its photobiological activity. Herein, we demonstrate the encapsulation of hypericin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (hypericin@PVP) as an attractive class of water-soluble formula of hypericin with improved absorption and emission characteristics in water. The absorption and fluorescence properties of the water-soluble hypericin@PVP were studied at room temperature. Also, the photostability of the prepared hypericin@PVP was studied under visible light irradiation. The absorbance and emission measurements confirm the association and binding of hypericin and PVP with a binding constant (Kb) of 1.2 × 105 M-1. The interaction between hypericin and PVP in water could lead to the dissociation of aggregated hypericin into their monomeric state which is crucial for effective photobiological implementation in PDT and FD. Upon encapsulation with PVP, hypericin showed a significant increase in the fluorescence properties with an enhanced emission intensity of 300% at a PVP concentration of 1 × 10-4 M. Moreover, water-soluble hypericin@PVP demonstrated high photostability under visible light irradiation with an irradiance of 15 mW/cm2 and exposure time up to 150 min. This enhancement in the absorption, emission, and photostability of hypericin in water is related to the effects of encapsulation with PVP and the unique spectroscopic properties of the formulated hypericin@PVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Abdelhamid
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ali Sharaf
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; National Food Safety Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tareq Youssef
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Kawser Kassab
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Taher A Salaheldin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, NY, USA
| | - Abdallah F Zedan
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Egypt Nanotechnology Center (EGNC), Cairo University, El-Sheikh Zayed, 12588, Egypt.
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28
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Ji Q, Xu Z, Xiang W, Wu Y, Cheng X, Xu C, Qi C, He H, Hu J, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L. Enhancing the performance of pollution degradation through secondary self-assembled composite supramolecular heterojunction photocatalyst BiOCl/PDI under visible light irradiation. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126751. [PMID: 32302913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel n-n type inorganic/organic heterojunction of flaky-like BiOCl/PDI photocatalyst was constructed by water bath heating method. Meanwhile, a simple method - secondary self-assembly was used to prepare the BiOCl/PDI with a special band structure. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by degrading aqueous organic pollutants under visible light (λ > 420 nm). The removal rates of 5 mg L-1 phenol (non-ionic type), methyl orange (MO, anionic type), rhodamine B (RhB, cationic type) and 10 mg L-1 RhB by secondary self-assembly BiOCl/PDI (BiOCl/PDI-2) were 8.0%, 3.4%, 27.8% and 78.9% higher than self-assembly BiOCl/PDI (BiOCl/PDI-1) under visible light (λ > 420 nm). The better photocatalytic activity for BiOCl/PDI-2 was attributed to the optimization of energy-band structures, which arose from different exposed surfaces, narrower interplanar spacing and stronger visible light absorption performance. Under acidic condition, BiOCl/PDI-2 showed a good photocatalytic activity, which was not affected by neutral ionic intensity and had good recycling properties. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism was explored by free radical capture test and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and contribution of active species was calculated. The main active species of BiOCl/PDI-2 were ·O2-, 1O2 and h+. Our work may provide a route to design efficient inorganic/organic heterojunctions for organic pollutants degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyi Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Weiming Xiang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yijie Wu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Chenmin Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Chengdu Qi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian 354300, PR China.
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian 354300, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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29
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Yang Y, Fryer C, Sharkey J, Thomas A, Wais U, Jackson AW, Wilm B, Murray P, Zhang H. Perylene Diimide Nanoprobes for In Vivo Tracking of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using Photoacoustic Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:27930-27939. [PMID: 32463217 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive bioimaging techniques are critical for assessing the biodistribution of cellular therapies longitudinally. Among them, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) can generate high-resolution images with a tissue penetration depth of ∼4 cm. However, it is essential and still highly challenging to develop stable and efficient near-infrared (NIR) probes with low toxicity for PAI. We report here the preparation and use of perylene diimide derivative (PDI) with NIR absorbance (around 700 nm) as nanoprobes for tracking mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in mice. Employing an in-house synthesized star hyperbranched polymer as a stabilizer is the key to the formation of stable PDI nanoparticles with low toxicity and high uptake by the MSCs. The PDI nanoparticles remain within the MSCs as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo assessments. The PDI-labeled MSCs injected subcutaneously on the flanks of the mice are clearly visualized with PAI up to 11 days postadministration. Furthermore, bioluminescence imaging of PDI-labeled luciferase-expressing MSCs confirms that the administered cells remain viable for the duration of the experiment. These PDI nanoprobes thus have good potential for tracking administered cells in vivo using PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Claudia Fryer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Aidan Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Ulrike Wais
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Alexander W Jackson
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
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Ahmed T, van den Driesche S, Bafna JA, Oellers M, Hemmler R, Gall K, Wagner R, Winterhalter M, Vellekoop MJ. Rapid lipid bilayer membrane formation on Parylene coated apertures to perform ion channel analyses. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:32. [PMID: 32355998 PMCID: PMC7192868 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a chip design allowing rapid and robust lipid bilayer (LBL) membrane formation using a Parylene coated thin silicon nitride aperture. After bilayer formation, single membrane channels can be reconstituted and characterized by electrophysiology. The ability for robust reconstitution will allow parallelization and enhanced screening of small molecule drugs acting on or permeating across the membrane channel. The aperture was realized on a microfabricated silicon nitride membrane by using standard clean-room fabrication processes. To ensure the lipid bilayer formation, the nitride membrane was coated with a hydrophobic and biocompatible Parylene layer. We tested both Parylene-C and Parylene-AF4. The contact angle measurements on both Parylene types showed very good hydrophobic properties and affinity to lipids. No precoating of the Parylene with an organic solvent is needed to make the aperture lipophilic, in contradiction to Teflon membranes. The chips can be easily placed in an array utilizing a 3D printed platform. Experiments show repetitive LBL formation and destruction (more than 6 times) within a very short time (few seconds). Through measurements we have established that the LBL layers are very thin. This allows the investigation of the fusion process of membrane proteins i.e. outer membrane protein (OmpF) in the LBL within a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzir Ahmed
- Institute for Microsensors, -actuators and -systems (IMSAS), University of Bremen, Microsystems Center Bremen (MCB), Bremen, Germany
| | - Sander van den Driesche
- Institute for Microsensors, -actuators and -systems (IMSAS), University of Bremen, Microsystems Center Bremen (MCB), Bremen, Germany
| | - Jayesh Arun Bafna
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Oellers
- Institute for Microsensors, -actuators and -systems (IMSAS), University of Bremen, Microsystems Center Bremen (MCB), Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Richard Wagner
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael J. Vellekoop
- Institute for Microsensors, -actuators and -systems (IMSAS), University of Bremen, Microsystems Center Bremen (MCB), Bremen, Germany
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31
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Müller S, Fritz Y, Wagenknecht H. Control of Energy Transfer Between Pyrene- and Perylene-Nucleosides by the Sequence of DNA-Templated Supramolecular Assemblies. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:389-392. [PMID: 32257746 PMCID: PMC7110160 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA was used as supramolecular scaffold to order chromophores and control their optical properties. Ethynylpyrene as energy donor was attached to 2'-desoxy-2-aminoadenosine that binds selectively to thymidines (T) in the template. Ethynylperylene as acceptor was attached to 2'-desoxyuridine that is complementary to 2'-desoxyadenosine (A). This donor-acceptor pair was assembled along single-stranded DNA templates of different A-T sequences to investigate the sequence control of the energy transfer between the chromophores. The fluorescence intensities increase in the mixed assemblies along the DNA templates from A10T10 over (AATT)5 to (AT)10, although these templates provide equal numbers of potential binding sites for the two different nucleoside chromophore conjugates and exhibit similar absorbances. This shows that the sequence selective assembly of the two building blocks along DNA templates is programmable and alters the fluorescence readout. Such sequence-controlled supramolecular chemistry represents the key element for future functional π-systems in materials for light harvesting of solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Müller
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Yannic Fritz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Hans‐Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
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Rocard L, Goujon A, Hudhomme P. Nitro-Perylenediimide: An Emerging Building Block for the Synthesis of Functional Organic Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:E1402. [PMID: 32204413 PMCID: PMC7144398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perylenediimide (PDI) is one of the most important classes of dyes and is intensively explored in the field of functional organic materials. The functionalization of this electron-deficient aromatic core is well-known to tune the outstanding optoelectronic properties of PDI derivatives. In this respect, the functionalization has been mostly addressed in bay-positions to halogenated derivatives through nucleophilic substitutions or metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. Being aware of the synthetic difficulties of obtaining the key intermediate 1-bromoPDI, we will present as an alternative in this review the potential of 1-nitroPDI: a powerful building block to access a large variety of PDI-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piétrick Hudhomme
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 Bd Lavoisier, Angers CEDEX 49045, France; (L.R.); (A.G.)
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Song X, Shao X, Dai L, Fan D, Ren X, Sun X, Luo C, Wei Q. Triple Amplification of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Acid by Co 2+-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks and Silver-Cysteine and Its Potential Application for Ultrasensitive Assay of Procalcitonin. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:9098-9106. [PMID: 31990177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a triple-amplified biosensor with a bioactivity-maintained peculiarity was constructed for quantitative procalcitonin (PCT) detection. As everyone knows, a strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal is the premise to ensure high sensitivity for trace target detection. Hence, a valid tactic was developed to achieve signal amplification of luminophor by using Co2+-based metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-67) and silver-cysteine (AgCys). The ZIF-67 particles, which have more atomically dispersed Co2+, could play the role of a co-reaction accelerator to catalyze S2O82- to generate abundant Co3+ and sulfate radical anions (SO4•-). Afterward, a mass of Co3+ was reduced to more hydroxyl radicals (OH•) by H2O, thus ulteriorly reducing S2O82- to generate more SO4•-. Remarkably, S2O82- was reduced to SO4•- continuously with the recycling of Co2+ and Co3+, which realized an effective signal amplification. Meanwhile, the AgCys complex with superior catalysis and biocompatibility was prepared to further improve the ECL signal and maintain the bioactivity of the biomolecule. Furthermore, HWRGWVC, a heptapeptide that was used for combining the Fc fragments of an antibody by Au-S bonding to achieve the fixed point fixation, could not only maintain bioactivity of an antibody but also improved its incubation efficiency, thus further enhancing biosensor sensitivity. Under optimum conditions, the proposed biosensor realized highly sensitive assay for PCT with a wide dynamic range from 10 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL and a detection limit as low as 3.67 fg/mL. With superior stability, selectivity, and repeatability, the prepared biosensor revealed immense potential application of ultrasensitive assay for PCT in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhen Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering , Shandong University of Technology , Zibo 255049 , P.R. China
| | - Li Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Dawei Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , P. R. China
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Zhang F, Zhou L, Kong F, Ma Q, Xie Q, Li J, Dai H, Guo L, Zhao Y. Altertoxins with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Activities from The Marine-Derived Fungus Cladosporium sp. KFD33. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010067. [PMID: 31963874 PMCID: PMC7024320 DOI: 10.3390/md18010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new perylenequinone derivatives, altertoxins VIII–XII (1–5), as well as one known compound cladosporol I (6), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. KFD33 from a blood cockle from Haikou Bay, China. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods and ECD spectra analysis along with quantum ECD calculations. Compounds 1–6 exhibited quorum sensing inhibitory activities against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with MIC values of 30, 30, 20, 30, 20 and 30 μg/well, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Liman Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Fandong Kong
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Qingyun Ma
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Qingyi Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Jiuhui Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Haofu Dai
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-159-5072-6013 (L.G.); +86-898-6698-9095 (Y.Z.)
| | - Youxing Zhao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (F.Z.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Q.M.); (Q.X.); (J.L.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-159-5072-6013 (L.G.); +86-898-6698-9095 (Y.Z.)
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Zhang C, Wu J, Liu W, Zheng X, Wang P. Natural-Origin Hypocrellin-HSA Assembly for Highly Efficient NIR Light-Responsive Phototheranostics against Hypoxic Tumors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:44989-44998. [PMID: 31755268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia severely limits the therapeutic efficacy of solid tumors in photodynamic therapy. One strategy is to develop photosensitizers with simultaneously high efficiency in photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapies (PTT) in a single natural-origin phototheranostic agent to overcome this problem. However, less attention has been paid to the natural-origin phototheranostic agent with high PDT and PTT efficiencies even though they have negligible side effects and are environmentally sustainable in comparison with many reported phototheranostic agents. In addition, almost all clinical applied photosensitizers are of natural origin so far. Herein, we synthesized a natural product-based hypocrellin derivative (AETHB), with a high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.64 as an efficient photosensitizer different from commercially available porphyrin-based photosensitizers. AETHB is further assembled with human serum albumin to construct nanoparticles (HSA-AETHB NPs) with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (more than 50%). As-prepared HSA-AETHB NPs have shown good water solubility and biocompatibility, pH and light stability, wide absorption (400-750 nm), and NIR emission centered at 710 nm. More importantly, HSA-AETHB NPs can be applied for fluorescent/photoacoustic dual-mode imaging and simultaneously highly efficient PDT/PTT in hypoxic solid tumors. Therefore, this natural-origin multifunctional phototheranostic agent is showing very promising for effective, precise, and safe cancer therapy in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- School of Future Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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Aivali S, Tsimpouki L, Anastasopoulos C, Kallitsis JK. Synthesis and Optoelectronic Characterization of Perylene Diimide-Quinoline Based Small Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234406. [PMID: 31810324 PMCID: PMC6930630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perylene diimide (PDI) is one of the most studied functional dyes due to their structural versatility and fine tuning of the materials properties. Core substituted PDIs are prominent n-type semiconductor materials that could be used as non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics. Herein, we develop versatile organic building blocks based on PDI by decorating the PDI core with quinoline groups. Styryl and hydroxy phenyl mono and difunctionalized molecules were prepared using mono-nitro and dibromo bay substituted PDIs by Suzuki coupling with the respective boronic acid derivatives. A novel methodology using nitro-PDI under Suzuki coupling conditions as an electrophile partner was successfully tested. Furthermore, the PDI derivatives were used for the synthesis of soluble, electron accepting small molecules combining PDI with weak electron withdrawing quinoline derivatives. The new molecules presented wide absorbance in the visible spectrum from 450 to almost 700 nm while their LUMO levels and their energy levels are in the range of −3.8 to −4.2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Loukia Tsimpouki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
| | - Charalampos Anastasopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio-Patras GR26504, Greece; (S.A.); (L.T.); (C.A.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Zhao DL, Cao F, Wang CY, Yang LJ, Shi T, Wang KL, Shao CL, Wang CY. Alternatone A, an Unusual Perylenequinone-Related Compound from a Soft-Coral-Derived Strain of the Fungus Alternaria alternata. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:3201-3204. [PMID: 31659905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel perylenequinone-related compound, alternatone A (1), with an unprecedented tricyclo[6.3.1.02,7] dodecane skeleton, together with three known perylenequinones, altertoxin I (2), stemphyperylenol (3), and alterperylenol (4), was isolated from the soft-coral-derived fungus Alternaria alternata L3111'. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and X-ray diffraction data. Compound 4 showed cytotoxicity against A-549, HCT-116, and HeLa cell lines with IC50 values of 2.6, 2.4, and 3.1 μM, respectively. A possible biosynthetic pathway of 1 was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Marine Agricultural Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
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Zhang W, Song Y, He S, Shang L, Ma R, Jia L, Wang H. Perylene diimide as a cathodic electrochemiluminescence luminophore for immunoassays at low potentials. Nanoscale 2019; 11:20910-20916. [PMID: 31660563 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field, most reported luminophores produced ECL emission at high potentials (more than -1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl), which was adverse for both fundamental studies and practical application. It was important to screen novel ECL luminophores and coreactants for the development of ECL. In this work, N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PDI-CH3) is reported to produce ECL at -0.47 V using K2S2O8 as a coreactant in an aqueous system. In addition, the ECL wavelength was 689 nm, which was interpreted with the emission of excited PDI-CH3 dimers. Finally, this low-triggering-potential ECL system was used to construct sandwiched immunosensors to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with the potential range from 0 to -0.8 V. In this immunosensor, PDI-CH3 and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) reduced by citrate were grafted onto graphite oxide (GO) to label secondary antibodies (Ab2). This immunosensor could sensitively detect CEA with the linear response range between 1 fg mL-1 and 1 μg mL-1 and detection limit 0.29 fg mL-1. In addition, this immunosensor showed good feasibility in various cancer serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Yue Song
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Rongna Ma
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
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Song W, Li Y, Liu X, Xu Z, Wu J, Ding L. Functional Block Copolymers Carrying One Double-Stranded Ladderphane and One Single-Stranded Block in a Facile Metathesis Cyclopolymerization Procedure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5166. [PMID: 31635234 PMCID: PMC6829535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the poor film-forming ability of polymeric ladderphane, di-block copolymers containing perylene diimide (PDI)-linked double-stranded poly(1,6-heptadiyne) ladderphane and branched alkyl side chains modified single-stranded poly(1,6-heptadiyne) were synthesized by metathesis cyclopolymerization (MCP) using Grubbs third-generation catalyst (Ru-III) in tetrahydrofuran solvent. The first block containing the ladderphane structure leads to higher thermal-stability, wider UV-vis absorption, lower LUMO level and ladderphane-induced rigidity and poor film-forming ability. The second block containing long alkyl chains is crucial for the guarantee of excellent film-forming ability. By comparing the effect of ladderphane structure on the resulted copolymers, single-stranded poly(1,6-heptadiyne) derivatives with PDI pedant were also processed. The structures of copolymers were proved by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography, electrochemical, photophysical, and thermal-stability performance were achieved by cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-visible spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements. According to the experiment results, both copolymers possessed outstanding film-forming ability, which cannot be realized by small PDI molecules and oligomers. And they can serve as a superior candidate as for n-type materials, especially for their relatively wide range of light absorption (λ = 200~800 nm), and lower LUMO level (-4.3 and -4.0 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Yadi Li
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Xunhu Liu
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Zongyi Xu
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Materials, College of Physics, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Polymer and Composite Material, School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
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Song Y, Zhang W, He S, Shang L, Ma R, Jia L, Wang H. Perylene Diimide and Luminol as Potential-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence Nanoprobes for Dual Targets Immunoassay at Low Potential. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:33676-33683. [PMID: 31433148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the field of clinical diagnosis, it is important to construct a potential-resolved multiplex electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for decreasing the false-positive rate and improving the diagnostic accuracy. However, the shortage of low-potential cathodic luminophores between -1 and 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) severely limited the development of the biosensor. Herein, we synthesized a novel luminophore N,N-bis-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDI), which gave dual emissions at -0.25/-0.26 V with K2S2O8 as a co-reactant in aqueous solution. The ECL was assigned to excited J-type PDI dimers. Then, PDI and luminol were used as luminophores to respectively combine with graphite oxide and gold nanoparticles and form potential-resolved ECL nanoprobes. Also, this potential-resolved ECL nanoprobes were respectively functionalized by secondary antibodies (Ab2) to construct a low-potential sandwiched ECL immunosensor for tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) simultaneous determination during linear scanning potential range from -0.6 to 0.6 V. The prepared multiplex immunosensor exhibited sensitive ECL response for CEA at -0.6 V due to PDI and that for AFP at 0.6 V due to luminol, and both linear semilogarithmical ranges were from 0.1 pg to 1 ng mL-1. In addition, PDI with dual ECL peaks showed enticing prospect of built-in self-calibration for a precise quantitative and bioimaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Department of Chemistry , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , China
| | - Shuijian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Chemistry , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , China
| | - Rongna Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , China
| | - Liping Jia
- Department of Chemistry , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , China
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , China
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Wei D, Ge L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Guo R. Self-Assembled Dual Helical Nanofibers of Amphiphilic Perylene Diimides with Oligopeptide Substitution. Langmuir 2019; 35:11745-11754. [PMID: 31424227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We designed an asymmetric amphiphilic perylene diimide (PDI) with the oligopeptide substituting one of the imides. The self-assembly mechanism of this PDI in different solvents was investigated. Right-handed "dual" helical nanofibers/nanowires with a uniform lateral dimension of ∼8 nm are constructively self-assembled. The long-term ordered degree within the nanofibers stems from the delicate balance between π-π stacking of the PDI rings and β-sheet-like hydrogen bond formed by the oligopeptide. The synergistic interplay between the hydrogen bond and π-π stacking rather than competition endows the nanofibers with the controllable longitudinal dimensions by different factors such as the concentration and solvents. The transition from the nanofibers to the small aggregates is also achieved by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid because of breakup of the hydrogen bonds, which is reversed by further addition of trimethylamine. The acid-base stimulation can be extended to different solvents as long as the existence of the unique hydrogen bonds.
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Naidoo C, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Simultaneous Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173153. [PMID: 31470637 PMCID: PMC6749501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma (MM) has a poor prognosis and is attributed to late diagnoses only when metastases has already occurred. Thus, early diagnosis is crucial to improve its overall treatment efficacy. The standard diagnostic tools for MM are incisional biopsies and/or fine needle aspiration biopsies, while standard treatments involve surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation therapy. The combination of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitizer (PS) that, when excited by light of a low wavelength, can be used for fluorescent non-destructive diagnosis. However, when the same PS is activated at a higher wavelength of light, it can be cytotoxic and induce tumor destruction. This paper focuses on PS drugs that have been used for PDD as well as PDT treatment of MM. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for continued investigation into enhanced PS delivery via active biomarkers and passive nanoparticle systems. This should improve PS drug absorption in MM cells and increase effectiveness of combinative photodynamic methods for the enhanced diagnosis and treatment of MM can become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channay Naidoo
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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Abstract
The influence of the substituents on the geometry of the central ring system of hypericin has been analyzed. Substitution that causes flattening of the hypericin central rings is connected with introducing the aromatic character of the empty rings. All the hypericin rings have an aromatic character illustrated by the Harmonic Oscillator Measure of Aromaticity (HOMA), Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS), Fluctuation Index (FLU), and Ellipticity Index (EL) indices. Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses performed on 7,14-dihydrophenanthro[1,10,9,8-opqra]perylene, its substituted analogues, and hypericin show an influence of this substitution on electron density of the central rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Szymanski
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Borowska 211a , 50-556 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Irena Majerz
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Borowska 211a , 50-556 Wroclaw , Poland
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Camargo VG, Zanuto VS, Astrath NGC, Caetano W, Hioka N, Pereira PCS, Gonçalves RS, Lukasievicz GVB, Herculano LS, Malacarne LC. From Protohypericin to Hypericin: Photoconversion Analysis Using a Time-Resolved Thermal Lens Technique. Appl Spectrosc 2019; 73:936-944. [PMID: 31149836 DOI: 10.1177/0003702819846921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is a natural compound with interesting photophysical and pharmacological properties, which has been used in photodynamic therapy and photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. Its synthesis is based on a series of chemical processes that ends with a light-drug interaction by the photoconversion of protohypericin (pHyp) to Hyp. Although this photosensitizer is used in a variety of medical applications, the photophysical and photochemical mechanisms involved in the final step related to the photo production of Hyp are not completely understood at the molecular level. Protohypericin concentration, solvents, light irradiation under different wavelengths, and a sort of variables could play an important role in predicting the yielding of this photoconversion process. Here, we used the high-sensitive and remote measurement characteristics of the time-resolved thermal lens technique to investigate the relation between the light-induced photoconversion rate of pHyp to Hyp and the initial concentration pHyp. The results show a linear dependence of the photoreaction rate with the concentration of pHyp, indicating that the overall reaction process includes steps comprising the formation of distinct intermediate species. We demonstrate the applicability of the thermal lens technique for the photochemical characterization of photosensitive drugs at low concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius G Camargo
- 1 Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
| | - Vitor S Zanuto
- 1 Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
| | - Nelson G C Astrath
- 1 Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- 2 Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- 2 Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo C S Pereira
- 2 Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
| | - Renato S Gonçalves
- 2 Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo V B Lukasievicz
- 3 Departamento de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Medianeira - PR, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Herculano
- 3 Departamento de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Medianeira - PR, Brazil
| | - Luis C Malacarne
- 1 Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá - PR, Brazil
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45
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Wang L, Zhang X, Yu X, Gao F, Shen Z, Zhang X, Ge S, Liu J, Gu Z, Chen C. An All-Organic Semiconductor C 3 N 4 /PDINH Heterostructure with Advanced Antibacterial Photocatalytic Therapy Activity. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1901965. [PMID: 31237375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial photocatalytic therapy has been reported as a promising alternative water disinfection technology for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Numerous inorganic nanosystems have been developed as antibiotic replacements for bacterial infection treatment, but these are limited due to the toxicity risk of heavy metal species. Organic semiconductor photocatalytic materials have attracted great attention due to their good biocompatibility, chemically tunable electronic structure, diverse structural flexibility, suitable band gap, low cost, and the abundance of the resources they require. An all-organic composite photocatalytic nanomaterial C3 N4 /perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINH) heterostructure is created through recrystallization of PDINH on the surface of C3 N4 in situ, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic efficiency due to the formation of a basal heterostructure. The absorption spectrum of this composite structure can be extended from ultraviolet to near-infrared light (750 nm), enhancing the photocatalytic effect to produce more reactive oxygen species, which have an excellent inactivation effect on both Gram-negative and positive bacteria, while demonstrating negligible toxicity to normal tissue cells. An efficient promotion of infectious wound regeneration in mice with Staphylococcus aureus infected dermal wounds is demonstrated. This all-organic heterostructure shows great promise for use in wound disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Fene Gao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Shen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100090, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100090, P. R. China
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46
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Lee MH, Lin HY, Yang CN. A DNA-based two-way thermometer to report high and low temperatures. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1081:176-183. [PMID: 31446955 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Precise description of temperature at the microscale level is essential in many biological applications. In this study, we prepared a DNA-based thermometer that reports low and high temperatures by providing two distinct optical signals. The system is a molecular beacon that carries a loop and a stem, whose conformation is subject to change from a hairpin to a random coil when the temperature changes from low to high. A fluorophore, Cy5, and a quencher, BHQ3, are terminally labeled at the stem ends. Moreover, perylene is included in the middle of the 3'-end stem. The signaling state of Cy5 relies on the relative distance to BHQ3. However, the perylene emission is regulated by its microenvironment (i.e., the oligonucleotide or duplex state). With a temperature variation, the designed thermometer undergoes a change in conformation that leads to two signal patterns with Cy5/off and perylene/on at low temperature and Cy5/on and perylene/off at high temperature. The reversibility and biocompatibility of the thermometer design were examined for potential applications in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 840, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan.
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47
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Chen JP, Duan YM, Zheng WJ, Zhang Q, Zong Q, Chen S, Wang KP, Hu ZQ. Perylenequinone-based "turn on" fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide with high sensitivity in living cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 218:206-212. [PMID: 30995578 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a kind of gaseous signal molecule in many physiological processes. In order to detect H2S, a novel "turn on" fluorescent probe 6,12-dihydroxyperylene-1,7-dione (DPD) was designed and synthesized. The probe DPD is fluorescence silence, while the addition of H2S induces an obvious green fluorescence with an obvious color change from dark blue to yellow-green. The probe shows excellent selectivity, fast response (2.5min) and linear curve (0-90μM) in wide effective pH range (4-10). Competition experiments are also revealed in corresponding studies and the detection limit is 3.6μM. The response mechanism is proved to be the reduction of the probe by H2S, which is confirmed by 1H NMR. Furthermore, through the fluorescence turn-on signal toward H2S in Hela cells, probe DPD was successfully applied to monitor H2S in living Hela cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Yi-Meng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Qianshou Zong
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Shaojin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Kun-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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48
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Gao C, Jian J, Lin Z, Yu YX, Jiang BP, Chen H, Shen XC. Hypericin-Loaded Carbon Nanohorn Hybrid for Combined Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy in Vivo. Langmuir 2019; 35:8228-8237. [PMID: 31140812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypericin (Hyp) is hampered by poor water solubility and photostability. Incorporation of photosensitizers into nanocarriers has been designed to solve these issues. Herein, SWNH-Hyps nanohybrids were first fabricated by loading hypericin on the surface of single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) through ??? interaction and exhibited high solubility and stability in aqueous water. SWNH-Hyps could be utilized for a single platform for cancer therapy because it could simultaneously generate enough reactive oxygen species and hyperthermia using light irradiation. Moreover, the SWNHs not only improved water solubility, photostability, and therapy effects of Hyp but also protected it from light degradation. SWNH-Hyps could effectively ablate 4T1 cells by photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy upon 590 and 808 nm light irradiations compared with PDT. Furthermore, remarkable tumor cell death as well as tumor growth inhibition was proved via photothermal therapy and PDT of SWNH-Hyps under 590 and 808 nm light irradiations, which demonstrated that synergistic anticancer ability of SWNH-Hyps was better than that of free Hyp in vivo. Such a simple and facile adsorption method improved water solubility of Hyp and then enhanced its therapy effect, which displays that SWNHs can be hopefully used in medicines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunji Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China
| | - Bang-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , P. R. China
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49
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Majerník M, Jendželovský R, Babinčák M, Košuth J, Ševc J, Tonelli Gombalová Z, Jendželovská Z, Buríková M, Fedoročko P. Novel Insights into the Effect of Hyperforin and Photodynamic Therapy with Hypericin on Chosen Angiogenic Factors in Colorectal Micro-Tumors Created on Chorioallantoic Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3004. [PMID: 31248208 PMCID: PMC6627608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy with hypericin (HY-PDT) and hyperforin (HP) could be treatment modalities for colorectal cancer (CRC), but evidence of their effect on angiogenic factors in CRC is missing. Convenient experimental model utilization is essential for angiogenesis research. Therefore, not only 2D cell models, but also 3D cell models and micro-tumors were used and compared. The micro-tumor extent and interconnection with the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was determined by histological analyses. The presence of proliferating cells and HY penetration into the tumor mass were detected by fluorescence microscopy. The metabolic activity status was assessed by an colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity (MTT assay) and HY accumulation was determined by flow cytometry. Pro-angiogenic factor expression was determined by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We confirmed the cytotoxic effect of HY-PDT and HP and showed that their effect is influenced by structural characteristics of the experimental model. We have pioneered a method for analyzing the effect of HP and cellular targeted HY-PDT on pro-angiogenic factor expression in CRC micro-tumors. Despite the inhibitory effect of HY-PDT and HP on CRC, the increased expression of some pro-angiogenic factors was observed. We also showed that CRC experimental micro-tumors created on quail CAM could be utilized for analyses of gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Majerník
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Babinčák
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ján Košuth
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Juraj Ševc
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Tonelli Gombalová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Jendželovská
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Monika Buríková
- Cancer Research Institute BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
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50
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Shao Y, Chen J, Ren XK, Zhang X, Yin GZ, Li X, Wang J, Wesdemiotis C, Zhang WB, Yang S, Sun B, Zhu M. Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Characterization of Tandem Triblock BPOSS-PDI-X Shape Amphiphiles. Molecules 2019; 24:E2114. [PMID: 31167411 PMCID: PMC6600600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the facile synthesis, self-assembly, and characterization of shape amphiphiles (BPOSS-PDI-X) based on isobutyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (BPOSS), perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI), and (60)fullerene (C60) moieties. Firstly, an asymmetrically functionalized diblock shape amphiphile precursor (BPOSS-PDI-OH) was obtained through the one-pot reaction between perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and two different amines, namely BPOSS-NH2 and 3-amino-1-propanol. It was further conjugated with C60-COOH to give a tri-block shape amphiphile (BPOSS-PDI-C60). Their chemical structures were thoroughly characterized by NMR, IR and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry. In order to gain insights on the structure-property relationship, their self-assembly in gas phase, in solution, and in solid state were characterized using traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS), UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence emission spectrophotometer, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. It was found that BPOSS-PDI-OH formed more complicated dimers than BPOSS-PDI-C60. Both samples showed unique aggregation behaviors in solution with increasing concentration, which could be attributed neither to H- nor to J-type and might be related to the discrete dimers. While BPOSS-PDI-C60 could hardly crystalize into ordered structures, BPOSS-PDI-OH could form nanobelt-shaped single crystals, which may hold potential applications in microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Material Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Material Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xinlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Material Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Guang-Zhong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- South China Advanced Institute of Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Material Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Material Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Material Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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