1
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Hassan E, Motwani J. Single centre experience of the use of emicizumab in previously untreated and minimally treated patients under 18 months of age. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30941. [PMID: 38462765 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Emicizumab has revolutionised haemophilia A treatment landscape and significantly reduced treatment burden, particularly in the paediatric population. We conducted a retrospective study, focused on infants aged ≤18 months with severe haemophilia A. The study included 16 patients, with a median age of 8.2 months and median treatment duration of 61.6 weeks. Before commencing emicizumab, six patients were minimally treated with ≤5 exposure days while 10 were previously untreated patients. Notably, all patients had no inhibitors at baseline, and none developed new inhibitors during the study period. Emicizumab was well tolerated, with no observed side effects or major bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jayashree Motwani
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Sarkar S, Rav E, Stitzlein L, Gibson A, McCall D, Nunez C, Roth M, Ragoonanan D, Connors J, Herzog CE, Cuglievan B, Garcia MB. Palbociclib and chemotherapy followed by blinatumomab consolidation to CAR-T cell therapy in KMT2A-rearranged, therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30964. [PMID: 38514796 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanila Sarkar
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Rav
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lea Stitzlein
- Department of Pediatrics Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amber Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David McCall
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cesar Nunez
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dristhi Ragoonanan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia E Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miriam B Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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3
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Frebel K, Albring JC, Wohlgemuth A, Schwöppe C, Hailfinger S, Lenz G, Stelljes M. Comparison of antibody-based immunotherapeutics for malignant hematological disease in an experimental murine model. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1934-1945. [PMID: 38197968 PMCID: PMC11021910 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antibody-based immunotherapies have revolutionized leukemia and lymphoma treatment, with animal studies being crucial in evaluating effectiveness and side effects. By targeting the evolutionary conserved Slamf7 immune receptor, which is naturally expressed by the murine multiple myeloma cell line MPC-11, we have developed a syngeneic mouse model for direct comparison of 3 immunotherapies: monoclonal antibodies (mAb), bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTE), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CART), all targeting Slamf7. Slamf7-BiTE is a bispecific single-chain antibody consisting of α-Slamf7 and α-CD3 Fv fragments joined through a Gly-Ser linker, and Slamf7-CART comprises the α-Slamf7 Fv fragment fused to the msCD8α transmembrane and msCD28, 4-1BB, and CD3ζ intracellular signaling domains. Slamf7-BiTE and Slamf7-CART effectively killed MPC-11 cells in vitro, independently of Slamf7-mediated inhibitory signaling by self-ligation. After chimerizing the constant region of the rat-anti-mouse Slamf7 antibody to mouse Fc-immunoglobulin G2a for enhanced effector functions, Slamf7-mAb triggered antigen-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by binding to Fcγ receptor IV. In vivo, all 3 immunotherapies showed antitumor effects against Slamf7-expressing targets. Unlike Slamf7-mAb, Slamf7-BiTE led to considerable side effects in test animals, including weight loss and general malaise, which were also observed to a lesser extent after Slamf7-CART infusion. In allogeneic transplant, Slamf7-BiTE and Slamf7-CART maintained activity compared with the nontransplant setting, whereas Slamf7-mAb displayed enhanced antimyeloma activity. In summary, our model faithfully replicates treatment efficacy and side effects detected after human immunotherapy. It aids in developing and improving immunotherapies and may help devise novel approaches to mitigate undesired effects in steady state and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Frebel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörn C. Albring
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anika Wohlgemuth
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Schwöppe
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Stelljes
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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4
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Zhang Y, Yang Z, Saimi D, Shen X, Ye J, Yu B, Pefaur N, Scheer JM, Nixon AE, Chen Z. Geometric Antibody Engineering Reveals the Spatial Factor on the Efficacy of Bispecific T Cell Engagers. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:916-925. [PMID: 38491942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent an emerging class of biologics that can recognize two different antigens or epitopes. T-cell engagers (TcEs) bind two targets in trans on the cell surface of the effector and target cell to induce proximal immune effects, opening exciting windows for immunotherapies. To date, the engineering of BsAbs has been mainly focused on tuning the molecular weight and valency. However, the effects of spatial factors on the biological functions of BsAbs have been less explored due to the lack of biochemical methods to precisely manipulate protein geometry. Here, we studied the geometric effects of the TcEs. First, by genetically inserting rigidly designed ankyrin repeat proteins into TcEs, we revealed that the efficacy progressively decreased as the spacer distance of the two binding domains increased. Then, we constructed 26 pairs of TcEs with the same size but varying orientations using click chemistry-mediated conjugation at different mutation sites. We found that linear ligation sites play a minor role in modulating cell-killing efficacy. Next, we rendered the TcEs' advanced topology by cyclization chemistry using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher pair or sortase ligation approaches. Cyclized TcEs were generally more potent than their linear counterparts. Particularly, sortase A cyclized TcEs, bearing a minimal tagging motif, exhibited better cell-killing efficacy in vitro and improved stability both in vitro and in vivo compared to the linear TcE. This work combines modern bioconjugation chemistry and protein engineering tools for antibody engineering, shedding light on the elusive spatial factors of BsAbs functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dilizhatai Saimi
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowen Shen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junqing Ye
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim, Investment Co., Ltd., Beijing 100027, China
| | - Bingke Yu
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim, Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Noah Pefaur
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Justin M Scheer
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Andrew E Nixon
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Zhixing Chen
- College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Crombie JL, Graff T, Falchi L, Karimi YH, Bannerji R, Nastoupil L, Thieblemont C, Ursu R, Bartlett N, Nachar V, Weiss J, Osterson J, Patel K, Brody J, Abramson JS, Lunning M, Shah NN, Ayed A, Kamdar M, Parsons B, Caimi P, Flinn I, Herrera A, Sharman J, McKenna M, Armand P, Kahl B, Smith S, Zelenetz A, Budde LE, Hutchings M, Phillips T, Dickinson M. Consensus recommendations on the management of toxicity associated with CD3×CD20 bispecific antibody therapy. Blood 2024; 143:1565-1575. [PMID: 38252906 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) that target CD3 and CD20 represent a new milestone in the treatment of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These drugs have demonstrated remarkable single-agent activity in patients with heavily pretreated disease, and 3 drugs have so far received regulatory approvals in various countries. However, BsAbs can potentially lead to severe toxicity associated with T-cell activation, particularly cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The anticipated widespread use of these off-the-shelf products poses challenges for implementation and highlights the need for guidance in anticipating, mitigating, and managing adverse events. In clinical trials, guidance for the evaluation and treatment of CRS and neurotoxicity associated with BsAb therapy has been modeled after algorithms originally created for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and other immune effector therapies, yet notable differences in timing, quality, and severity exist between the toxicities of BsAbs and CAR T-cell therapies. We therefore convened an international panel of academic and community practice physicians, advanced practitioners, registered nurses, and pharmacists with experience using CD3×CD20 BsAbs in clinical trial and off-trial settings to provide comprehensive, consensus-based recommendations specific to the assessment and management of CD3×CD20 BsAb-related toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Graff
- Mission Cancer and Blood, Des Moines, IA
| | - Lorenzo Falchi
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yasmin H Karimi
- Hematology Clinic, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rajat Bannerji
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U1153, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Renata Ursu
- Department of Neurology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Victoria Nachar
- Hematology Clinic, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathan Weiss
- Hematology Clinic, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Krish Patel
- Center for Blood Disorders and Cellular Therapy, Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Joshua Brody
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy S Abramson
- Center for Lymphoma, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Lunning
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Ayed Ayed
- Cancer Specialists of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Manali Kamdar
- Division of Hematology, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Benjamin Parsons
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Gundersen Lutheran Health System, La Crosse, WI
| | - Paolo Caimi
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ian Flinn
- Tennessee Oncology and OneOncology, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Jeffrey Sharman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Willamette Valley Cancer Institute and Research Center/US Oncology Research, Eugene, OR
| | | | | | - Brad Kahl
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sonali Smith
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew Zelenetz
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Martin Hutchings
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tycel Phillips
- Hematology Clinic, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael Dickinson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Tapia-Galisteo A, Sánchez-Rodríguez I, Narbona J, Iglesias-Hernández P, Aragón-García S, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Compte M, Khan S, Tsuda T, Chames P, Lacadena J, Álvarez-Vallina L, Sanz L. Combination of T cell-redirecting strategies with a bispecific antibody blocking TGF-β and PD-L1 enhances antitumor responses. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2338558. [PMID: 38623463 PMCID: PMC11018002 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2338558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-based immunotherapies for solid tumors have not achieved the clinical success observed in hematological malignancies, partially due to the immunosuppressive effect promoted by the tumor microenvironment, where PD-L1 and TGF-β play a pivotal role. However, durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors remain limited to a minority of patients, while TGF-β inhibitors have not reached the market yet. Here, we describe a bispecific antibody for dual blockade of PD-L1 and TFG-β, termed AxF (scFv)2, under the premise that combination with T cell redirecting strategies would improve clinical benefit. The AxF (scFv)2 antibody was well expressed in mammalian and yeast cells, bound both targets and inhibited dose-dependently the corresponding signaling pathways in luminescence-based cellular reporter systems. Moreover, combined treatment with trispecific T-cell engagers (TriTE) or CAR-T cells significantly boosted T cell activation status and cytotoxic response in breast, lung and colorectal (CRC) cancer models. Importantly, the combination of an EpCAMxCD3×EGFR TriTE with the AxF (scFv)2 delayed CRC tumor growth in vivo and significantly enhanced survival compared to monotherapy with the trispecific antibody. In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of concomitant blockade of PD-L1 and TGF-β by a single molecule, as well as its therapeutic potential in combination with different T cell redirecting agents to overcome tumor microenvironment-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tapia-Galisteo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Narbona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Iglesias-Hernández
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saray Aragón-García
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Nemours Children’s Health Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Takeshi Tsuda
- Nemours Children’s Health Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Javier Lacadena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- H12O-CNIO Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Shirouchi Y, Maruyama D. Recent advances and future perspectives of T-cell engagers in lymphoid malignancies. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024; 54:376-385. [PMID: 38183209 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are monoclonal antibodies that simultaneously bind to a specific antigen on tumors and CD3 on T cells, leading to T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis. Several CD20 × CD3 BsAbs are being developed for B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, multiple clinical trials to evaluate BsAbs for the treatment of multiple myeloma, with targets including BCMA, GPRC5D and FcRH5, are ongoing. Emerging evidence suggests promising efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies, showing an overall response rate of 50-60%, with complete response rates of 30-40% for relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma and 60-70% for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Their toxicity profiles are generally consistent with other T-cell redirecting therapies, including cytokine release syndrome, which may be mitigated with several strategies, such as step-up dosing, pre-mediation with glucocorticoids and a subcutaneous route of administration, and very rare neurotoxicity. Several clinical trials evaluated BsAbs in combination with other agents or in earlier lines of treatment, including in front-line settings. BsAbs have the potential to change the treatment paradigm of lymphoid malignancies in the coming years; however, longer follow-ups are required to assess the durability of responses to these agents. We herein provide an overview of the findings of recent clinical trials on BsAbs, including mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and efficacy, and discuss the role of BsAbs in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shirouchi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Dabkowska A, Domka K, Firczuk M. Advancements in cancer immunotherapies targeting CD20: from pioneering monoclonal antibodies to chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363102. [PMID: 38638442 PMCID: PMC11024268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CD20 located predominantly on the B cells plays a crucial role in their development, differentiation, and activation, and serves as a key therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. The breakthrough of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD20, notably exemplified by rituximab, revolutionized the prognosis of B-cell malignancies. Rituximab, approved across various hematological malignancies, marked a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. In the current landscape, immunotherapies targeting CD20 continue to evolve rapidly. Beyond traditional mAbs, advancements include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), and chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells. ADCs combine the precision of antibodies with the cytotoxic potential of drugs, presenting a promising avenue for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. BsAbs, particularly CD20xCD3 constructs, redirect cytotoxic T cells to eliminate cancer cells, thereby enhancing both precision and potency in their therapeutic action. CAR-T cells stand as a promising strategy for combatting hematological malignancies, representing one of the truly personalized therapeutic interventions. Many new therapies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This review serves as a comprehensive summary of CD20-targeted therapies, highlighting the progress and challenges that persist. Despite significant advancements, adverse events associated with these therapies and the development of resistance remain critical issues. Understanding and mitigating these challenges is paramount for the continued success of CD20-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dabkowska
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Domka
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Bulaon CJI, Khorattanakulchai N, Rattanapisit K, Sun H, Pisuttinusart N, Phoolcharoen W. Development of Plant-Derived Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody Targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 against Mouse Colorectal Cancer. Planta Med 2024; 90:305-315. [PMID: 38373705 DOI: 10.1055/a-2240-7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, with monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, yielding promising clinical benefits. However, with the advent of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in clinical trials, developing next-generation antibodies with potentially increased efficacy is critical. Here, we aimed to generate a recombinant bispecific monoclonal antibody for dual inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 axes. The plant system was used as an alternative platform for bispecific monoclonal antibody production. Dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 is a plant-derived bispecific monoclonal antibody that combines both programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 blockade into a single molecule. Dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and the expression level was determined to be the highest after 4 days of infiltration. The size and assembly of the purified bispecific monoclonal antibody were determined, and its function was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The molecular structures of plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 are as expected, and it was mostly present as a monomer. The plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 showed in vitro binding to programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 proteins. The antitumor activity of plant-produced bispecific monoclonal antibody was tested in vivo by treating humanized Balb/c mice bearing a CT26 colorectal tumor. Plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 significantly inhibited tumor growth by reducing tumor volume and weight. Body weight changes indicated that the plant-produced bispecific monoclonal antibody was safe and tolerable. Overall, this proof of concept study demonstrated the viability of plants to produce functional plant-based bispecific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Joy I Bulaon
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Nuttapat Pisuttinusart
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Levy-Mendelovich S, Greenberg-Kushnir N, Budnik I, Barg AA, Cohen O, Avishai E, Barazani-Brutman T, Livnat T, Kenet G. Emicizumab prophylaxis in infants: Single-centre experience. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1375-1382. [PMID: 38266507 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The hallmark of haemophilia A (HA) therapy is prophylaxis, aimed at spontaneous bleeding prevention. Emicizumab provides a viable alternative to intravenous factor replacement therapy. However, data on its use in infants are limited. This single-centre open arm prospective study reports on emicizumab prophylaxis in infants. We included severe HA patients under 1 year who started emicizumab prophylaxis since 2018, with longitudinal follow-up. The study collected data on demographics, clinical and laboratory variables, the occurrence of bleeding events, surgeries and treatment outcomes. Of the 27 enrolled infants, whose median age at prophylaxis initiation was 7 months, 24 primarily choose to start emicizumab therapy (3/27 switched from FVIII prophylaxis due to development of FVIII inhibitors). The median age for prophylaxis initiation decreased to 3 months in 2023. Following emicizumab initiation, the median calculated ABR decreased, and no intracranial haemorrhages were observed. Thrombin generation showed a significant improvement in peak height and endogenous thrombin potential at steady state after a loading period. Our study highlights a shift towards early prophylaxis in the era of non-replacement therapies. It underscores the need for continuous evaluation and refinement of treatment approaches, emphasizing personalized care and diligent monitoring in the evolving field of paediatric haemophilia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Levy-Mendelovich
- National Haemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noa Greenberg-Kushnir
- Department of Paediatric Hematology-Oncology, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ivan Budnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Assaf Arie Barg
- National Haemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omri Cohen
- National Haemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Einat Avishai
- National Haemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tami Barazani-Brutman
- National Haemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tami Livnat
- National Haemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gili Kenet
- National Haemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Döring M, Brux M, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Guillem-Gloria PM, Buchholz F, Pisabarro MT, Theis M. Nucleolar protein TAAP1/ C22orf46 confers pro-survival signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302257. [PMID: 38228372 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells subvert immune surveillance or lytic stress by harnessing inhibitory signals. Hence, bispecific antibodies have been developed to direct CTLs to the tumor site and foster immune-dependent cytotoxicity. Although applied with success, T cell-based immunotherapies are not universally effective partially because of the expression of pro-survival factors by tumor cells protecting them from apoptosis. Here, we report a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in human non-small cell lung cancer cells designed to identify genes that confer tumors with the ability to evade the cytotoxic effects of CD8+ T lymphocytes engaged by bispecific antibodies. We show that the gene C22orf46 facilitates pro-survival signals and that tumor cells devoid of C22orf46 expression exhibit increased susceptibility to T cell-induced apoptosis and stress by genotoxic agents. Although annotated as a non-coding gene, we demonstrate that C22orf46 encodes a nucleolar protein, hereafter referred to as "Tumor Apoptosis Associated Protein 1," up-regulated in lung cancer, which displays remote homologies to the BH domain containing Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators. Collectively, the findings establish TAAP1/C22orf46 as a pro-survival oncogene with implications to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Döring
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro M Guillem-Gloria
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Teresa Pisabarro
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Theis
- https://ror.org/042aqky30 National Center for Tumor Diseases/University Cancer Center (NCT/UCC): German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- https://ror.org/00e7dfm13 Medical Systems Biologyhttps://ror.org/042aqky30 , Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Crilly E, Harrison C, Maahs J, Beijlevelt M, Ramsay B, Githinji C, Sisdelli M, Dsouza A. Riding the wave of change: Providing solid ground to support nursing with patient transitions to novel haemophilia therapies. Haemophilia 2024; 30 Suppl 3:135-139. [PMID: 38549492 DOI: 10.1111/hae.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemophilia nursing practice has experienced a shift in the past decade, as the historic chief focus on factor infusions shifted to extended half-life products, bispecific antibody therapies and other non-replacement therapies. This evolution has driven a need for changes in nursing practice in many haemophilia treatment centres. AIM This article intends to provide insights to the haemophilia nurse to champion practice changes at their haemophilia treatment centres. METHODS Two popular change theories, Lewin's three-step change model and Kotter's eight-step change model are discussed as a framework for haemophilia nurses to think, structure and be leaders in change. CONCLUSION Examples of these models in practice could give guidance and examples to reflect on for haemophilia nurses needing to make changes in their practice settings. These models of change, alongside existing haemophilia nurse competencies and tools such as the shared decision-making tool from the World Federation of Hemophilia, can assist the nurse to be a capable change agent to usher in these new innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Crilly
- Division of Paediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cathy Harrison
- Sheffield Haemophilia & Thrombosis Centre, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jennifer Maahs
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marlene Beijlevelt
- Hemophilia Treatment Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brian Ramsay
- Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cyrus Githinji
- Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, AMPATH Programs, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Marcela Sisdelli
- Fundação Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Anjalin Dsouza
- Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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13
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Costa BA, Ortiz RJ, Lesokhin AM, Richter J. Soluble B-cell maturation antigen in multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:727-738. [PMID: 38270277 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma (MM) management, with the successive approval of antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies directed to this membrane receptor. Soluble BCMA (sBCMA), a truncated version produced through gamma-secretase cleavage, can be quantified in serum/plasma samples from patients with MM via electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as well as through mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Besides its short serum half-life and independence from kidney function, sBCMA represents a reliable and convenient tool for MM monitoring in patients with nonsecretory or oligosecretory disease. Numerous studies have suggested a potential utility of this bioanalyte in the risk stratification of premalignant plasma cell disorders, diagnosis and prognostication of MM, and response evaluation following anti-myeloma therapies. In short, sBCMA might be the "Swiss army knife" of MM laboratory testing, but is it ready for prime time?
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Almeida Costa
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ricardo J Ortiz
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander M Lesokhin
- Department of Medicine, Cellular Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Mancuso ME, Croteau SE, Klamroth R. Benefits and risks of non-factor therapies: Redefining haemophilia treatment goals in the era of new technologies. Haemophilia 2024; 30 Suppl 3:39-44. [PMID: 38481077 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last decades progress in haemophilia treatment has been remarkable and prophylaxis with clotting factor concentrates in haemophilia A and B has been established as the standard of care in individuals with haemophilia and a severe bleeding phenotype. Besides clotting factor products with prolonged half-life non-factor therapies were developed which enable prophylaxis via subcutaneous administration. Factor VIIIa mimetics like emicizumab facilitate the coagulation pathway and are used in routine clinical practice for indivdiduals with haemophilia A. Rebalancing therapeutic agents like fitusiran, concizumab, marstacimab and serpin PC block the anticoagulant pathway and clinical trials using these products in individuals with haemophilia A and B are ongoing. AIM AND METHODS A narrative review to asess the benefits and risks of non-factor therapies taking in to account re-defined haemophilia treatment goals. RESULTS Prophylaxis for prevention of bleeds using non-factor products by subcutaneous administration is effective and results in reductions of bleeding episodes in individuals with haemophilia A or B with and without inhibitors. The treatment with emicizumab showed tolerable safety both in clinical trials and long-term real-world observations with few thrombotic events. In some clinical trials with rebalancing therapies (fitusiran and concizumab) thrombotic events occurred. Monitoring of the haemostatic function of novel therapies especially with concomitant haemostatic treatment is not yet established. CONCLUSION With the advent of novel therapeutic agents including factor concentrates with ultra-long half-life and improved FVIIIa mimetics aimed at raising the bar of protection into the non-hemophilic range redefinition of haemophilia treatment goals is eagerly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Mancuso
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemorrhagic Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stacy E Croteau
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston Hemophilia Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Robert Klamroth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hemophilia Treatment Center, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Wirchnianski AS, Nyakatura EK, Herbert AS, Kuehne AI, Abbasi SA, Florez C, Storm N, McKay LGA, Dailey L, Kuang E, Abelson DM, Wec AZ, Chakraborti S, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, Bornholdt ZA, Aman MJ, Honko AN, Griffiths A, Dye JM, Chandran K, Lai JR. Design and characterization of protective pan-ebolavirus and pan-filovirus bispecific antibodies. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012134. [PMID: 38603762 PMCID: PMC11037526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of antiviral therapeutics. MAbs are highly selective, well tolerated, and have long in vivo half-life as well as the capacity to induce immune-mediated virus clearance. Their activities can be further enhanced by integration of their variable fragments (Fvs) into bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), affording simultaneous targeting of multiple epitopes to improve potency and breadth and/or to mitigate against viral escape by a single mutation. Here, we explore a bsAb strategy for generation of pan-ebolavirus and pan-filovirus immunotherapeutics. Filoviruses, including Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Marburg virus (MARV), cause severe hemorrhagic fever. Although there are two FDA-approved mAb therapies for EBOV infection, these do not extend to other filoviruses. Here, we combine Fvs from broad ebolavirus mAbs to generate novel pan-ebolavirus bsAbs that are potently neutralizing, confer protection in mice, and are resistant to viral escape. Moreover, we combine Fvs from pan-ebolavirus mAbs with those of protective MARV mAbs to generate pan-filovirus protective bsAbs. These results provide guidelines for broad antiviral bsAb design and generate new immunotherapeutic candidates.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Humans
- Filoviridae/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Female
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Filoviridae Infections/immunology
- Filoviridae Infections/therapy
- Filoviridae Infections/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth K. Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Kuehne
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shawn A. Abbasi
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Catalina Florez
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nadia Storm
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay G. A. McKay
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leandrew Dailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Erin Kuang
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dafna M. Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Z. Wec
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Srinjoy Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna N. Honko
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology; and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John M. Dye
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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16
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Zhou X, Xiao X, Kortuem KM, Einsele H. Bispecific Antibodies in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:361-381. [PMID: 38199897 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) is evolving rapidly. In recent years, T-cell-based novel immunotherapies emerged as new treatment strategies for patients with relapsed/refractory MM, including highly effective new options like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs). Currently, B-cell maturation antigen is the most commonly used target antigen for CAR T-cell and bsAb therapies in MM. Results from different clinical trials have demonstrated promising efficacy and acceptable safety profile of bsAb in RRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Martin Kortuem
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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17
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Uttervall K, Tätting L, Lemonakis K, Majd M, Crafoord J, Olsson M, Mellqvist U, Hansson M, Nahi H. Effectiveness and infectious complications of BCMA T-cell engagers in treating multiple myeloma: Real-world evidence from Sweden. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7048. [PMID: 38651177 PMCID: PMC11036077 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable disease characterized by frequent relapses and a need for multiple treatments, often progresses to a relapse/refractory status resistant to all available drugs and drug classes. Bispecific antibodies, specifically BCMA T-cell engagers, have emerged as effective treatments for MM, demonstrating impressive efficacy. However, these treatments can adversely affect the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections. METHODS/RESULTS This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of BCMA T-cell engagers in 58 Swedish patients with poor MM prognosis. The patients exhibited a 69% overall response rate, with 69% survival and 60% progression-free survival at 15 months. CONCLUSIONS Despite the risk of infectious complications, the prognosis of MM patients can be significantly improved with vigilant monitoring and proactive management of infections. This real-world data highlight the potential of BCMA T-cell engagers in treating MM, emphasizing the need for careful patient monitoring to mitigate infection risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Uttervall
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Love Tätting
- Department of Haematology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | | | - Mousa Majd
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jacob Crafoord
- Department of MedicineOrebro University HospitalOrebroSweden
| | - Mikael Olsson
- Section of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineHallands Sjukhus VarbergVarbergSweden
| | - Ulf‐Henrik Mellqvist
- Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Department of MedicineSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Markus Hansson
- Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Department of MedicineSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Hareth Nahi
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, HuddingeKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Haematology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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18
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Brouwer-Visser J, Fiaschi N, Deering RP, Cygan KJ, Scott D, Jeong S, Boucher L, Gupta NT, Gupta S, Adler C, Topp MS, Bannerji R, Duell J, Advani RH, Flink DM, Chaudhry A, Thurston G, Ambati SR, Jankovic V. Molecular assessment of intratumoral immune cell subsets and potential mechanisms of resistance to odronextamab, a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008338. [PMID: 38519055 PMCID: PMC10961523 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R B-NHL) have a significant need for effective treatment options. Odronextamab is an Fc-silenced, human, CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody that targets CD20-expressing cells via T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity independent of T-cell/major histocompatibility complex interaction. Phase I results in patients with R/R B-NHL demonstrated that odronextamab monotherapy could achieve deep and durable responses with a generally manageable safety profile (ELM-1; NCT02290951). As part of a biomarker analysis of the same study, we investigated potential biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance to odronextamab. METHODS Patients with R/R B-NHL enrolled in ELM-1 received one time per week doses of intravenous odronextamab for 4×21 day cycles, then doses every 2 weeks thereafter. Patient tumor biopsies were obtained at baseline, on-treatment, and at progression. Immune cell markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Baseline tumor biopsies showed that almost all patients had high proportions of B cells that expressed the CD20 target antigen, whereas expression of other B-cell surface antigens (CD19, CD22, CD79b) was more variable. Responses to odronextamab in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were not related to the relative level of baseline CD20 expression, cell of origin, or high-risk molecular subtype. A potential link was observed between greater tumor programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression and increased likelihood of response to odronextamab. Similarly, a trend was observed between clinical response and increased levels of CD8 T cells and regulatory T cells at baseline. We also identified an on-treatment pharmacodynamic shift in intratumoral immune cell subsets. Finally, loss of CD20 expression through inactivating gene mutations was identified as a potential mechanism of resistance in patients who were treated with odronextamab until progression, as highlighted in two detailed patient cases reported here. CONCLUSIONS This biomarker analysis expands on clinical findings of odronextamab in patients with R/R B-NHL, providing verification of the suitability of CD20 as a therapeutic target, as well as evidence for potential mechanisms of action and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kamil J Cygan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Darius Scott
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Se Jeong
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Lauren Boucher
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Namita T Gupta
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Suraj Gupta
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Max S Topp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rajat Bannerji
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Johannes Duell
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ranjana H Advani
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dina M Flink
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Aafia Chaudhry
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
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19
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Li T, Niu M, Zhou J, Wu K, Yi M. The enhanced antitumor activity of bispecific antibody targeting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:179. [PMID: 38475778 PMCID: PMC10935874 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway, a key player in immune checkpoint regulation, has become a focal point in cancer immunotherapy. In the context of cancer, upregulated PD-L1 on tumor cells can result in T cell exhaustion and immune evasion, fostering tumor progression. The advent of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has demonstrated clinical success by unleashing T cells from exhaustion. Nevertheless, challenges such as resistance and adverse effects have spurred the exploration of innovative strategies, with bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) emerging as a promising frontier. BsAbs offer a multifaceted approach to cancer immunotherapy by simultaneously targeting PD-L1 and other immune regulatory molecules. We focus on recent advancements in PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with a particular emphasis on the development and potential of BsAbs, especially in the context of solid tumors. Various BsAb products targeting PD-1 signaling are discussed, highlighting their unique mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Noteworthy examples include anti-TGFβ × PD-L1, anti-CD47 × PD-L1, anti-VEGF × PD-L1, anti-4-1BB × PD-L1, anti-LAG-3 × PD-L1, and anti-PD-1 × CTLA-4 BsAbs. Besides, we summarize ongoing clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of these innovative BsAb agents. By unraveling the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment and harnessing the synergistic effects of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 BsAbs, there exists the potential to elevate the precision and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, ultimately enabling the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Grandclément C, Estoppey C, Dheilly E, Panagopoulou M, Monney T, Dreyfus C, Loyau J, Labanca V, Drake A, De Angelis S, Rubod A, Frei J, Caro LN, Blein S, Martini E, Chimen M, Matthes T, Kaya Z, Edwards CM, Edwards JR, Menoret E, Kervoelen C, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Moreau P, Mbow ML, Srivastava A, Dyson MR, Zhukovsky EA, Perro M, Sammicheli S. Development of ISB 1442, a CD38 and CD47 bispecific biparatopic antibody innate cell modulator for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2054. [PMID: 38448430 PMCID: PMC10917784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody engineering can tailor the design and activities of therapeutic antibodies for better efficiency or other advantageous clinical properties. Here we report the development of ISB 1442, a fully human bispecific antibody designed to re-establish synthetic immunity in CD38+ hematological malignancies. ISB 1442 consists of two anti-CD38 arms targeting two distinct epitopes that preferentially drive binding to tumor cells and enable avidity-induced blocking of proximal CD47 receptors on the same cell while preventing on-target off-tumor binding on healthy cells. The Fc portion of ISB 1442 is engineered to enhance complement dependent cytotoxicity, antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cell phagocytosis. ISB 1442 thus represents a CD47-BsAb combining biparatopic targeting of a tumor associated antigen with engineered enhancement of antibody effector function to overcome potential resistance mechanisms that hamper treatment of myeloma with monospecific anti-CD38 antibodies. ISB 1442 is currently in a Phase I clinical trial in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Estoppey
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - E Dheilly
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | | | - T Monney
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - C Dreyfus
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - J Loyau
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - V Labanca
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - A Drake
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - S De Angelis
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - A Rubod
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - J Frei
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - L N Caro
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - S Blein
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - E Martini
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - M Chimen
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - T Matthes
- Haematology Service, Department of Oncology and Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Diagnostics, University Hospital Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z Kaya
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J R Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Menoret
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - C Kervoelen
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
| | - C Pellat-Deceunynck
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - P Moreau
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - M L Mbow
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - A Srivastava
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - M R Dyson
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - E A Zhukovsky
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland
| | - M Perro
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
| | - S Sammicheli
- Ichnos Glenmark Innovation, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
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21
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Cassanello G, Luna de Abia A, Falchi L. Trial watch: bispecific antibodies for the treatment of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2321648. [PMID: 38445082 PMCID: PMC10913711 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2321648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shaped the treatment approach to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with rituximab leading to remarkable improvements in outcomes for both relapsed and treatment-naïve patients. Recently, groundbreaking immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor T-cells have entered the treatment arena for relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL and gained regulatory approval in several countries. The concept of harnessing a patient's own T-cells to combat cancer has been further explored through the development of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), a class of engineered antibody products designed to simultaneously target two different antigens. These novel drugs have demonstrated impressive single-agent activity and manageable toxicity in patients with heavily pretreated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of recently completed or ongoing BsAbs trials in patients with R/R DLBCL, including single-agent results, emerging combination data, and novel constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cassanello
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luna de Abia
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
- Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Falchi
- Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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22
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Crunkhorn S. Bispecific antibody boosts dendritic cell-T cell crosstalk. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:170. [PMID: 38297091 DOI: 10.1038/d41573-024-00019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
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23
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Tomita U, Ishimoto Y, Ri M, Kawase Y, Hizukuri Y, Maru C, Nanai K, Nakamura R, Nakayama M, Oguchi-Oshima K, Sumi H, Ohtsuka T, Iida S, Agatsuma T. A novel T cell-redirecting anti-GPRC5D × CD3 bispecific antibody with potent antitumor activity in multiple myeloma preclinical models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5135. [PMID: 38429446 PMCID: PMC10907593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor class 5 member D (GPRC5D) is detected in malignant plasma cells in approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we constructed BsAb5003, a novel humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting CD3 and GPRC5D, and evaluated its therapeutic impact on MM. BsAb5003 induced specific cytotoxicity of GPRC5D-positive MM cells with concomitant T cell activation and cytokine release. The efficacy of BsAb5003 was associated with GPRC5D expression levels in MM cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from 49 MM patients revealed that GPRC5D was expressed in a wide population of MM patients, including heavily treated and high-risk patients. In ex vivo assays using BMMNCs, BsAb5003 induced potent efficacy against CD138 + MM cells in both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patient samples in a GPRC5D expression-dependent manner. BsAb5003 significantly enhanced T cell activation and cytokine production in combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) against MM cell lines. BsAb5003 also demonstrated significant inhibition of in vivo tumor growth by recruiting T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody targeting GPRC5D as monotherapy and combination therapy with IMiDs could be a highly potent and effective treatment approach for a wide population of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masaki Ri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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24
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Rosell R, González-Cao M. Chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC: optimizing combinations with TKIs and amivantamab. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:169-170. [PMID: 38057404 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
- IOR, Hospital Quiron-Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Dammeijer F, Dumoulin DW, Aerts JGJV. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Bispecific Antibodies: Using Nunchucks to Fight an Old Adversary. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:366-369. [PMID: 38453322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Floris Dammeijer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne W Dumoulin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Casey M, Lee C, Kwok WY, Law SC, Corvino D, Gandhi MK, Harrison SJ, Nakamura K. Regulatory T cells hamper the efficacy of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody therapy. Haematologica 2024; 109:787-798. [PMID: 37767564 PMCID: PMC10905103 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAb) have produced impressive clinical responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, although treatment failure remains a major clinical challenge. Growing evidence suggests that a complex interplay between immune cells and tumor cells is implicated in the mechanism of action and therefore, understanding immune regulatory mechanisms might provide a clue for how to improve the efficacy of T-BsAb therapy. Here, we investigated the functional impact of regulatory T (Treg) cells on anti-tumor immunity elicited by T-BsAb therapy. In a preclinical model of myeloma, the activation and expansion of Treg cells in the bone marrow were observed in response to anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) T-BsAb therapy. T-BsAb triggered the generation of induced Treg cells from human conventional CD4 cells after co-culture with tumor cells. Moreover, T-BsAb directly activated freshly isolated circulating Treg cells, leading to the production of interleukin-10 and inhibition of T-BsAb-mediated CD8 T-cell responses. The activation of Treg cells was also seen in bone marrow samples from myeloma patients after ex vivo treatment with T-BsAb, further supporting that T-BsAb have an impact on Treg homeostasis. Importantly, transient ablation of Treg cells in combination with T-BsAb therapy dramatically improved effector lymphocyte activities and disease control in the preclinical myeloma model, leading to prolonged survival. Together, this information suggests that therapy-induced activation of Treg cells critically regulates anti-tumor immunity elicited by T-BsAb therapy, with important implications for improving the efficacy of such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Casey
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD
| | - Carol Lee
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD
| | - Wing Yu Kwok
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD
| | - Soi Cheng Law
- Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Dillon Corvino
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Simon J Harrison
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD.
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27
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Liu L, Krishnan A. Talquetamab in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2024; 109:718-724. [PMID: 37855056 PMCID: PMC10905093 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial results of the phase I trial of talquetamab, a bispecific antibody targeting GPRC5D and CD3, were reported in December of 2022 for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in the fourth line or later setting. It demonstrated a similar efficacy profile and durability of response to teclistamab, the first bispecific antibody therapy to be approved in multiple myeloma. Additionally, it has less infections than teclistamab but demonstrates unique class-specific side effects including skin, oral, and nail-related adverse events. Despite this, it is still a highly efficacious and well-tolerated therapy that will add to the armamentarium of therapeutics against heavily pretreated multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Liu
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
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28
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Olszewski AJ. When B cells rebuff bispecifics. Blood 2024; 143:744-746. [PMID: 38421818 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
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29
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Albu DI, Wolf BJ, Qin Y, Wang X, Daniel Ulumben A, Su M, Li V, Ding E, Angel Gonzalo J, Kong J, Jadhav R, Kuklin N, Visintin A, Gong B, Schuetz TJ. A bispecific anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibody induces PD-1 cleavage and provides enhanced anti-tumor activity. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2316945. [PMID: 38379869 PMCID: PMC10877993 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2316945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial strategies, such as targeting different immune checkpoint receptors, hold promise to increase the breadth and duration of the response to cancer therapy. Here we describe the preclinical evaluation of CTX-8371, a protein construct which combines PD-1 and PD-L1 targeting in one bispecific, tetravalent antibody. CTX-8371 matched or surpassed the activity of anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 benchmark antibodies in several in vitro T cell activation assays and outperformed clinically approved benchmarks in the subcutaneous MC38 colon and the B16F10 lung metastasis mouse tumor models. Investigation into the mechanism of action revealed that CTX-8371 co-engagement of PD-1 and PD-L1 induced the proteolytic cleavage and loss of cell surface PD-1, which is a novel and non-redundant mechanism that adds to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis blockade. The combination of CTX-8371 and an agonistic anti-CD137 antibody further increased the anti-tumor efficacy with long-lasting curative therapeutic effect. In summary, CTX-8371 is a novel checkpoint inhibitor that might provide greater clinical benefit compared to current anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies, especially when combined with agents with orthogonal mechanisms of action, such as agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Qin
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mei Su
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Li
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Kong
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bing Gong
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Trabolsi A, Arumov A, Schatz JH. Bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cells: dueling immunotherapies for large B-cell lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:27. [PMID: 38331870 PMCID: PMC10853226 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-00997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in frontline therapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), at least a third of those diagnosed still will require second or further lines for relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) disease. A small minority of these can be cured with standard chemoimmunotherapy/stem-cell transplant salvage approaches. CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-19) therapies are increasingly altering the prognostic landscape for rel/ref patients with DLBCL and related aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Long-term follow up data show ongoing disease-free outcomes consistent with cure in 30-40% after CAR-19, including high-risk patients primary refractory to or relapsing within 1 year of frontline treatment. This has made CAR-19 a preferred option for these difficult-to-treat populations. Widespread adoption, however, remains challenged by logistical and patient-related hurdles, including a requirement for certified tertiary care centers concentrated in urban centers, production times of at least 3-4 weeks, and high per-patients costs similar to allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are molecular biotherapies designed to bind and activate effector T-cells and drive them to B-cell antigens, leading to a similar cellular-dependent cytotoxicity as CAR-19. May and June of 2023 saw initial approvals of next-generation BsAbs glofitamab and epcoritamab in DLBCL as third or higher-line therapy, or for patients ineligible for CAR-19. BsAbs have similar spectrum but generally reduced severity of immune related side effects as CAR-19 and can be administered in community settings without need to manufacture patient-specific cellular products. To date and in contrast to CAR-19, however, there is no convincing evidence of cure after BsAbs monotherapy, though follow up is limited. The role of BsAbs in DLBCL treatment is rapidly evolving with trials investigating use in both relapsed and frontline curative-intent combinations. The future of DLBCL treatment is bound increasingly to include effector cell mediated immunotherapies, but further optimization of both cellular and BsAb approaches is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaad Trabolsi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Program, Jackson Memorial Health System/ University of Miami, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Artavazd Arumov
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - Jonathan H Schatz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, USA.
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31
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Barron N, Dickgiesser S, Fleischer M, Bachmann AN, Klewinghaus D, Hannewald J, Ciesielski E, Kusters I, Hammann T, Krause V, Fuchs SW, Siegmund V, Gross AW, Mueller-Pompalla D, Krah S, Zielonka S, Doerner A. A Generic Approach for Miniaturized Unbiased High-Throughput Screens of Bispecific Antibodies and Biparatopic Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2097. [PMID: 38396776 PMCID: PMC10889805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The toolbox of modern antibody engineering allows the design of versatile novel functionalities exceeding nature's repertoire. Many bispecific antibodies comprise heterodimeric Fc portions recently validated through the approval of several bispecific biotherapeutics. While heterodimerization methodologies have been established for low-throughput large-scale production, few approaches exist to overcome the bottleneck of large combinatorial screening efforts that are essential for the identification of the best possible bispecific antibody. This report presents a novel, robust and miniaturized heterodimerization process based on controlled Fab-arm exchange (cFAE), which is applicable to a variety of heterodimeric formats and compatible with automated high-throughput screens. Proof of applicability was shown for two therapeutic molecule classes and two relevant functional screening read-outs. First, the miniaturized production of biparatopic anti-c-MET antibody-drug conjugates served as a proof of concept for their applicability in cytotoxic screenings on tumor cells with different target expression levels. Second, the automated workflow enabled a large unbiased combinatorial screening of biparatopic antibodies and the identification of hits mediating potent c-MET degradation. The presented workflow utilizes standard equipment and may serve as a facile, efficient and robust method for the discovery of innovative therapeutic agents in many laboratories worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Barron
- Protein and Cell Sciences, EMD Serono, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Stephan Dickgiesser
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Fleischer
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Klewinghaus
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jens Hannewald
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elke Ciesielski
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ilja Kusters
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Til Hammann
- Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volker Krause
- Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Siegmund
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alec W. Gross
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, EMD Serono, 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Dirk Mueller-Pompalla
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- NBE Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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Robertson IB, Mulvaney R, Dieckmann N, Vantellini A, Canestraro M, Amicarella F, O'Dwyer R, Cole DK, Harper S, Dushek O, Kirk P. Tuning the potency and selectivity of ImmTAC molecules by affinity modulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:105-119. [PMID: 37930865 PMCID: PMC10847821 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-engaging bispecifics have great clinical potential for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. The binding affinity and kinetics of a bispecific molecule for both target and T-cell CD3 have substantial effects on potency and specificity, but the rules governing these relationships are not fully understood. Using immune mobilizing monoclonal TCRs against cancer (ImmTAC) molecules as a model, we explored the impact of altering affinity for target and CD3 on the potency and specificity of the redirected T-cell response. This class of bispecifics binds specific target peptides presented by human leukocyte antigen on the cell surface via an affinity-enhanced T-cell receptor and can redirect T-cell activation with an anti-CD3 effector moiety. The data reveal that combining a strong affinity TCR with an intermediate affinity anti-CD3 results in optimal T-cell activation, while strong affinity of both targeting and effector domains significantly reduces maximum cytokine release. Moreover, by optimizing the affinity of both parts of the molecule, it is possible to improve the selectivity. These results could be effectively modelled based on kinetic proofreading with limited signalling. This model explained the experimental observation that strong binding at both ends of the molecules leads to reduced activity, through very stable target-bispecific-effector complexes leading to CD3 entering a non-signalling dark state. These findings have important implications for the design of anti-CD3-based bispecifics with optimal biophysical parameters for both activity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B Robertson
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Rachel Mulvaney
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Nele Dieckmann
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Alessio Vantellini
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Martina Canestraro
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | | | - Ronan O'Dwyer
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - David K Cole
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Stephen Harper
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Omer Dushek
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Kirk
- Immunocore Limited, Drug Discovery and Protein Engineering, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
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33
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Rodriguez-Otero P, van de Donk NWCJ, Pillarisetti K, Cornax I, Vishwamitra D, Gray K, Hilder B, Tolbert J, Renaud T, Masterson T, Heuck C, Kane C, Verona R, Moreau P, Bahlis N, Chari A. GPRC5D as a novel target for the treatment of multiple myeloma: a narrative review. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38307865 PMCID: PMC10837198 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a genetically complex and heterogenous malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 60%. Despite advances in therapy, patients experience cycles of remission and relapse, with each successive line of therapy associated with poorer outcomes; therefore, therapies with different mechanisms of action against new myeloma antigens are needed. G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple myeloma. We review the biology and target validation of GPRC5D, and clinical data from early phase trials of GPRC5D-targeting bispecific antibodies, talquetamab and forimtamig, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies, MCARH109, OriCAR-017, and BMS-986393. In addition to adverse events (AEs) associated with T-cell-redirection therapies irrespective of target, a consistent pattern of dermatologic and oral AEs has been reported across several trials of GPRC5D-targeting bispecific antibodies, as well as rare cerebellar events with CAR-T therapy. Additional studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of skin- and oral-related toxicities. We review the strategies that have been used to manage these GPRC5D-related toxicities. Preliminary efficacy data showed overall response rates for GPRC5D-targeting T-cell-redirecting therapies were ≥64%; most responders achieved a very good partial response or better. Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics showed that these therapies led to cytokine release and T-cell activation. In conclusion, results from early phase trials of GPRC5D-targeting T-cell-redirecting agents have shown promising efficacy and manageable safety profiles, including lower infection rates compared with B-cell maturation antigen- and Fc receptor-like protein 5-targeting bispecific antibodies. Further clinical trials, including those investigating GPRC5D-targeting T-cell-redirecting agents in combination with other anti-myeloma therapies and with different treatment modalities, may help to elucidate the future optimal treatment regimen and sequence for patients with multiple myeloma and improve survival outcomes. Video Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Brandi Hilder
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Colleen Kane
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Raluca Verona
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Nizar Bahlis
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ajai Chari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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34
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Chen X, Wong OK, Reiman L, Sherbenou DW, Post L. CD38 x ICAM-1 Bispecific Antibody Is a Novel Approach for Treating Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:127-138. [PMID: 37816503 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a well-validated target for treating multiple myeloma. Although anti-CD38 mAbs have demonstrated outstanding initial responses in patients with multiple myeloma, nearly all patients eventually develop resistance and relapse. In addition, currently approved CD38 targeting therapies have failed to show monotherapy efficacy in lymphomas, where CD38 expression is present but at lower levels. To effectively target CD38 on tumor cells, we generated an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) enhanced bispecific CD38 x intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) antibody, VP301. This bispecific antibody targets unique epitopes on CD38 and ICAM-1 on tumor cells with reduced red blood cell binding compared with the benchmark CD38 antibody daratumumab. VP301 demonstrated potent ADCC and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activities on a selected set of myeloma and lymphoma cell lines even those with low CD38 expression. In an ex vivo drug sensitivity assay, we observed responses to VP301 in multiple myeloma primary samples from relapsed/refractory patients. Moreover, VP301 demonstrated potent tumor inhibition activities in in vivo myeloma and lymphoma models. Interestingly, combination of VP301 with the immunomodulatory drug, lenalidomide, led to synergistic antitumor growth activity in an in vivo efficacy study. In conclusion, the CD38 x ICAM-1 bispecific antibody VP301 demonstrated promising efficacy and specificity toward CD38+ and ICAM-1+ tumor cells and represents a novel approach for treating multiple myeloma and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oi Kwan Wong
- Virtuoso Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
| | - Lauren Reiman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel W Sherbenou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Leonard Post
- Virtuoso Therapeutics, Inc., San Mateo, California
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Yue J, Shao S, Zhou J, Luo W, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Zhu MM. A bispecific antibody targeting HER2 and CLDN18.2 eliminates gastric cancer cells expressing dual antigens by enhancing the immune effector function. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:106-115. [PMID: 38198061 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is widely regarded as one of the toughest cancers to treat. Trastuzumab, which targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) for GC treatment, has demonstrated clinical success. However, these patients have a high likelihood of developing resistance. Additionally, Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a promising emerging target for GC treatment. Therefore, therapies that simultaneously target both HER2 and CLDN18.2 targets are of great significance. Here, we constructed a bispecific antibody targeting both HER2 and CLDN18.2 (HC-2G4S; BsAb), which displayed satisfactory purity, thermostability and enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. In a tumor spheroids model of GC, BsAb demonstrated greater therapeutic efficacy than monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or combination treatment strategies. We propose that the enhanced anti-tumor potency of BsAbs in vivo is due to the monovalent binding of single-chain antibodies to more targets due to weaker affinity, resulting in a more potent immune effect function. Therefore, HC-2G4S could be a productive agent for treating GC that is HER2-positive, CLDN18.2-positive, or both, with the potential to overcome trastuzumab resistance and provide significant clinical benefits and expanded indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Yanling Xu
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Qinbin Zhang
- RemeGen Co., Ltd., 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai, ShanDong, 264006, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, China
| | - Marie M Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264003, China.
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Lillicrap D, Lenting P. Hemophilia A treatment innovation: factor VIII mimetic bispecific antibodies-generational enhancement. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:352-355. [PMID: 38309809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter Lenting
- Inserm, UMRS 1176-Hemostasis-Inflammation-Thrombosis, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Paris, France
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37
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Chen L, Qian W, Pan F, Li D, Yu W, Tong L, Yang Y, Xu Q, Ding J, Dai R, Xian W, Zhu X, Ren P, Zhu H. A trispecific antibody induces potent tumor-directed T-cell activation and antitumor activity by CD3/CD28 co-engagement. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:143-159. [PMID: 38126157 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel CD19xCD3xCD28 trispecific antibody with a tandem single-chain variable fragments (scFv) structure was developed for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Methods: The trispecific antibody in inducing tumor-directed T-cell activation and cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and compared with its bispecific counterpart BiTE-CD19xCD3 lacking a CD28-targeting domain. Results: The trispecific antibody with a co-stimulatory domain exhibited augmented T-cell activation and memory T-cell differentiation capability and it induced faster tumor cell lysis than the bispecific antibody. RNAseq analysis revealed that the trispecific antibody modulates CD3/TCR complex-derived signal and upregulates antiapoptotic factors to influence the survival of T cells. Conclusion: By CD3/CD28 co-engagement, the trispecific antibody demonstrated its advantages in T-cell immunity and potential use as a more powerful and long-lasting T-cell engager.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Qian
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fangfang Pan
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Debin Li
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Li Tong
- PharmaLegacy Laboratories, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiming Xu
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Ding
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
| | - Ruixue Dai
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Xian
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
| | - Pu Ren
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huaxing Zhu
- CytoCares (Shanghai) Inc., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang Economic & Technological Development Zone, Suzhou, 215299, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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38
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Hänel G, Schönle A, Neumann AS, Nixdorf D, Philipp N, Sponheimer M, Leutbecher A, Emhardt AJ, Magno G, Bücklein V, Eckmann J, Dunshee D, Kramar V, Korfi K, Colombetti S, Umaña P, Klein C, Subklewe M. Combining venetoclax and azacytidine with T-cell bispecific antibodies for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: a preclinical assessment. Leukemia 2024; 38:398-402. [PMID: 38212534 PMCID: PMC10844082 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerulf Hänel
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Schönle
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Neumann
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Nixdorf
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Philipp
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Sponheimer
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Leutbecher
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alica-Joana Emhardt
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Magno
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Bücklein
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Eckmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Vesna Kramar
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Koorosh Korfi
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Colombetti
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Locatelli F. Blinatumomab before allogeneic stem cell transplantation: the ideal strategy to improve patient's outcomes? Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:129-130. [PMID: 38307690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Locatelli
- Pediatric Haematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy Department - IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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40
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Bosch F, Kuruvilla J, Vassilakopoulos TP, Maio DD, Wei MC, Zumofen MHB, Nastoupil LJ. Indirect Treatment Comparisons of Mosunetuzumab With Third- and Later-Line Treatments for Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2024; 24:105-121. [PMID: 37981564 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No established standard of care exists for relapsed/refractory (RR) follicular lymphoma (FL) after ≥2 prior therapies. We conducted indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) to compare the efficacy and tolerability of mosunetuzumab with those of available treatments used in this setting. METHODS A systematic literature review (SLR) and subsequent feasibility assessments were conducted to identify the most suitable comparator studies in terms of design, available endpoints and populations. Imbalances in patient characteristics between NCT02500407 and studies featuring aggregate or patient-level data availability were accounted for using matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) and propensity score-based methodologies, respectively. RESULTS ZUMA-5, ELARA, DELTA, DYNAMO, UNITY-NHL, AUGMENT and NCT01897571 passed the MAIC feasibility assessment. Patient-level data were available from GADOLIN, CONTRALTO and NCT02257567. MAIC results generally favored mosunetuzumab over tazemetostat in EHZ2wild-type patients for all outcomes and over PI3K inhibitors for complete response (CR), objective response rate (ORR), discontinuations due to adverse events and progression-free survival (PFS) with umbralisib. MAICs favored CART therapies for PFS and, to a lesser extent, ORR and CR. Comparisons with anti-CD20 antibody-based regimens yielded mixed results. CONCLUSIONS ITCs suggest that mosunetuzumab may lead to superior outcomes over tazemetostat (in EHZ2wild-type patients) and PI3K inhibitors and may be a promising alternative to re-challenging with a different anti-CD20 regimen in patients who relapse after ≥2 prior anti-CD20 lines. Although preliminary results somewhat favored CART therapies, limitations and uncertainties remain because of intrinsic differences in study design. Mosunetuzumab could thus be a promising treatment option for patients with RR FL after ≥2 prior therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Bosch
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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41
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Wang L, Leach V, Muthusamy N, Byrd J, Long M. A CD3 humanized mouse model unmasked unique features of T-cell responses to bispecific antibody treatment. Blood Adv 2024; 8:470-481. [PMID: 37871327 PMCID: PMC10837186 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT T-cell bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) such as blinatumomab hold great promise for cancer immunotherapy. A better understanding of the in vivo immune response induced by T-BsAbs is crucial to improving their efficacy and safety profile. However, such efforts are hindered by the limitations of current preclinical models. To address this, we developed a syngeneic murine model with humanized CD3 and target antigen (CD20). This model enables the development of disseminated leukemia with a high tumor burden, which mirrors clinical findings in human patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Treatment of this model with T-BsAbs results in cytokine release syndrome, with cytokine profiles and levels reflecting observations made in human patients. This model also faithfully recapitulates the dynamics of T-cell activation seen in human patients, including the temporary disappearance of T cells from the bloodstream. During this phase, T cells are sequestered in secondary lymphoid organs and undergo activation. Clinical correlative studies that rely primarily on peripheral blood samples are likely to overlook this critical activation stage, leading to a substantial underestimation of the extent of T-cell activation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that surface expression of the T-BsAb target antigen by leukemia cells triggers a swift immune response, promoting their own rejection. Humanizing the target antigen in the recipient mice is crucial to facilitate tolerance induction and successful establishment of high tumor burden. Our findings underscore the importance of meticulously optimized syngeneic murine models for investigating T-BsAb-induced immune responses and for translational research aimed at improving efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Vincent Leach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - John Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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42
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Shapir Itai Y, Barboy O, Salomon R, Bercovich A, Xie K, Winter E, Shami T, Porat Z, Erez N, Tanay A, Amit I, Dahan R. Bispecific dendritic-T cell engager potentiates anti-tumor immunity. Cell 2024; 187:375-389.e18. [PMID: 38242085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition treatment using aPD-1 monoclonal antibodies is a promising cancer immunotherapy approach. However, its effect on tumor immunity is narrow, as most patients do not respond to the treatment or suffer from recurrence. We show that the crosstalk between conventional type I dendritic cells (cDC1) and T cells is essential for an effective aPD-1-mediated anti-tumor response. Accordingly, we developed a bispecific DC-T cell engager (BiCE), a reagent that facilitates physical interactions between PD-1+ T cells and cDC1. BiCE treatment promotes the formation of active dendritic/T cell crosstalk in the tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes. In vivo, single-cell and physical interacting cell analysis demonstrates the distinct and superior immune reprogramming of the tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes treated with BiCE as compared to conventional aPD-1 treatment. By bridging immune cells, BiCE potentiates cell circuits and communication pathways needed for effective anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Shapir Itai
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Oren Barboy
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ran Salomon
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Akhiad Bercovich
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ken Xie
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eitan Winter
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamar Shami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Rony Dahan
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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43
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Geng Q, Jiao P. Anti-PD-L1-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Co-Inhibitory and Co-Stimulatory Molecules for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2024; 29:454. [PMID: 38257366 PMCID: PMC10819708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting PD-L1 via monospecific antibodies has shown durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical cancer signs for many years after treatment. However, the durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions by anti-PD-L1 monotherapy have been limited to a small fraction of patients with certain cancer types. Targeting PD-L1 via bispecific antibodies (referred to as anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs) which can simultaneously bind to both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules may increase the durable antitumor responses in patients who would not benefit from PD-L1 monotherapy. A growing number of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs have been developed to fight against this deadly disease. This review summarizes recent advances of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs for cancer immunotherapy in patents and literatures, and discusses their anti-tumor efficacies in vitro and in vivo. Over 50 anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs targeting both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules have been investigated in biological testing or in clinical trials since 2017. At least eleven proteins, such as CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L2, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD28, CD27, OX40, CD137, and ICOS, are involved in these investigations. Twenty-two anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs are being evaluated to treat various advanced cancers in clinical trials, wherein the indications include NSCLC, SNSCLC, SCLC, PDA, MBNHL, SCCHN, UC, EC, TNBC, CC, and some other malignancies. The released data from clinical trials indicated that most of the anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs were well-tolerated and showed promising antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors. However, since the approved and investigational bsAbs have shown much more significant adverse reactions compared to PD-L1 monospecific antibodies, anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs may be further optimized via molecular structure modification to avoid or reduce these adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
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44
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Su Z, Almo SC, Wu Y. Computational simulations of bispecific T cell engagers by a multiscale model. Biophys J 2024; 123:235-247. [PMID: 38102828 PMCID: PMC10808035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bispecific antibodies as T cell engagers can bypass the normal T cell receptor-major histocompatibility class interaction, redirect the cytotoxic activity of T cells, and lead to highly efficient tumor cell killing. However, this immunotherapy also causes significant on-target off-tumor toxicologic effects, especially when it is used to treat solid tumors. To avoid these adverse events, it is necessary to understand the fundamental mechanisms involved in the physical process of T cell engagement. We developed a multiscale computational framework to reach this goal. The framework combines simulations on the intercellular and multicellular levels. On the intercellular level, we simulated the spatial-temporal dynamics of three-body interactions among bispecific antibodies, CD3 and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The derived number of intercellular bonds formed between CD3 and TAAs was further transferred to the multicellular simulations as the input parameter of adhesive density between cells. Through the simulations under various molecular and cellular conditions, we were able to gain new insights into how to adopt the most appropriate strategy to maximize the drug efficacy and avoid the off-target effect. For instance, we discovered that the low antibody-binding affinity resulted in the formation of large clusters at the cell-cell interface, which could be important to control the downstream signaling pathways. We also tested different molecular architectures of the bispecific antibody and suggested the existence of an optimal length in regulating the T cell engagement. Overall, the current multiscale simulations serve as a proof-of-concept study to help in the future design of new biological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqian Su
- Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Yinghao Wu
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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45
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Hage Chehade C, Gebrael G, Agarwal N. Bispecific T-cell Engagers in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:20-22. [PMID: 38213299 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
SUMMARY To date, immune targeting agents have provided limited benefits in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Bispecific T-cell engagers, especially targeting STEAP1, have shown encouraging results in preclinical and phase I studies and thus represent a novel and promising treatment option in this setting. See related article by Nolan-Stevaux et al., p. 90 (7). See related article by Kelly et al., p. 76 (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi Hage Chehade
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (NCI-CCC), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Georges Gebrael
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (NCI-CCC), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (NCI-CCC), Salt Lake City, Utah
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Nolan-Stevaux O, Li C, Liang L, Zhan J, Estrada J, Osgood T, Li F, Zhang H, Case R, Murawsky CM, Estes B, Moore GL, Bernett MJ, Muchhal U, Desjarlais JR, Staley BK, Stevens J, Cooke KS, Aeffner F, Thomas O, Stieglmaier J, Lee JL, Coxon A, Bailis JM. AMG 509 (Xaluritamig), an Anti-STEAP1 XmAb 2+1 T-cell Redirecting Immune Therapy with Avidity-Dependent Activity against Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:90-103. [PMID: 37861452 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-associated antigen STEAP1 is a potential therapeutic target that is expressed in most prostate tumors and at increased levels in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We developed a STEAP1-targeted XmAb 2+1 T-cell engager (TCE) molecule, AMG 509 (also designated xaluritamig), that is designed to redirect T cells to kill prostate cancer cells that express STEAP1. AMG 509 mediates potent T cell-dependent cytotoxicity of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and promotes tumor regression in xenograft and syngeneic mouse models of prostate cancer in vivo. The avidity-driven activity of AMG 509 enables selectivity for tumor cells with high STEAP1 expression compared with normal cells. AMG 509 is the first STEAP1 TCE to advance to clinical testing, and we report a case study of a patient with mCRPC who achieved an objective response on AMG 509 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Immunotherapy in prostate cancer has met with limited success due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and lack of tumor-specific targets. AMG 509 provides a targeted immunotherapy approach to engage a patient's T cells to kill STEAP1-expressing tumor cells and represents a new treatment option for mCRPC and potentially more broadly for prostate cancer. See related commentary by Hage Chehade et al., p. 20. See related article by Kelly et al., p. 76. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Li
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lingming Liang
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jinghui Zhan
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Juan Estrada
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Tao Osgood
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Fei Li
- Structural Biology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- Structural Biology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan Case
- Lead Discovery and Characterization, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Bram Estes
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Binnaz K Staley
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jennitte Stevens
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Keegan S Cooke
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Famke Aeffner
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Oliver Thomas
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Stieglmaier
- Early Development Oncology, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Angela Coxon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Julie M Bailis
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
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47
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Radhakrishnan VS, Davies AJ. Bispecific antibodies in indolent B-cell lymphomas. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295599. [PMID: 38274793 PMCID: PMC10808788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy in lymphomas, beginning with Rituximab, have led to paradigm shifting treatments that are increasingly bringing a greater number of affected patients within the ambit of durable disease control and cure. Bispecific antibodies harness the properties of the immunoglobulin antibody structure to design molecules which, apart from engaging with the target tumour associated antigen, engage the host's T-cells to cause tumour cell death. Mosunetuzumab, an anti-CD20 directed bispecific antibody was the first to be approved in follicular lymphoma, this has now been followed by quick approvals of Glofitamab and Epcoritamab in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. This article reviews contemporary data and ongoing studies evaluating the role of bispecific antibodies in indolent b-cell non Hodgkin lymphomas. This is an area of active research and presents many opportunities in advancing the treatment of indolent lymphomas and potentially forge a chemo-free treatment paradigm in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S. Radhakrishnan
- Cancer Care Group, Division B, University Hospital of Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Davies
- Cancer Care Group, Division B, University Hospital of Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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48
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Frerichs KA, Verkleij CPM, Mateos MV, Martin TG, Rodriguez C, Nooka A, Banerjee A, Chastain K, Perales-Puchalt A, Stephenson T, Uhlar C, Kobos R, van der Holt B, Kruyswijk S, Kuipers MT, Groen K, Vishwamitra D, Skerget S, Cortes-Selva D, Doyle M, Zaaijer HL, Zweegman S, Verona RI, van de Donk NWCJ. Teclistamab impairs humoral immunity in patients with heavily pretreated myeloma: importance of immunoglobulin supplementation. Blood Adv 2024; 8:194-206. [PMID: 38052042 PMCID: PMC10787247 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Teclistamab and other B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeting bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have substantial activity in patients with heavily pretreated multiple myeloma (MM) but are associated with a high rate of infections. BCMA is also expressed on normal plasma cells and mature B cells, which are essential for the generation of a humoral immune response. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the impact of BCMA-targeting BsAbs on humoral immunity. The impact of teclistamab on polyclonal immunoglobulins and B cell counts was evaluated in patients with MM who received once-weekly teclistamab 1.5 mg/kg subcutaneously. Vaccination responses were assessed in a subset of patients. Teclistamabinduced rapid depletion of peripheral blood B cells in patients with MM and eliminated normal plasma cells in ex vivo assays. In addition, teclistamab reduced the levels of polyclonal immunoglobulins (immunoglobulin G [IgG], IgA, IgE, and IgM), without recovery over time while receiving teclistamab therapy. Furthermore, response to vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type B, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was severely impaired in patients treated with teclistamab compared with vaccination responses observed in patients with newly diagnosed MM or relapsed/refractory MM. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use was associated with a significantly lower risk of serious infections among patients treated with teclistamab (cumulative incidence of infections at 6 months: 5.3% with IVIG vs 54.8% with observation only [P < .001]). In conclusion, our data show severe defects in humoral immunity induced by teclistamab, the impact of which can be mitigated by the use of immunoglobulin supplementation. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT04557098.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Frerichs
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christie P M Verkleij
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ajay Nooka
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Kobos
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA
| | - Bronno van der Holt
- HOVON Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Kruyswijk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T Kuipers
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaz Groen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC location, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Besla R, Penuel E, Del Rosario G, Cosino E, Myrta S, Dillon M, Lazar GA, Nickles D, Spiess C, Yu SF, Polson AG. T cell-Dependent Bispecific Therapy Enhances Innate Immune Activation and Antibody-Mediated Killing. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:60-71. [PMID: 37902604 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
T cell-retargeting therapies have transformed the therapeutic landscape for hematologic diseases. T cell-dependent bispecific antibodies (TDB) function as conditional agonists that induce a polyclonal T-cell response, resulting in target cell destruction and cytokine release. The relationship between this response and its effects on surrounding innate immune populations has not been fully explored. Here we show that treatment with mosunetuzumab in patients results in natural killer (NK) cell activation in the peripheral blood. We modeled this phenomenon in vitro and found that TDB-mediated killing activated NK cells, increasing NK function and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and enhanced the capability of macrophages to perform antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). This enhancement was triggered by cytokines released through TDB treatment, with IL2 and IFNγ being major drivers for increased ADCC and ADCP, respectively. Surprisingly, cytolytic ability could be further augmented through neutralization of IL10 for NK cells and TNFα for macrophages. Finally, we showed that TDB treatment enhanced the efficacy of Fc-driven killing to an orthogonal solid tumor target in vivo. These results provide rationale for novel antibody therapy combinations that take advantage of both adaptive and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickvinder Besla
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Elicia Penuel
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Geoff Del Rosario
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ely Cosino
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Mike Dillon
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Greg A Lazar
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Dorothee Nickles
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Christoph Spiess
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
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50
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Middelburg J, Sluijter M, Schaap G, Göynük B, Lloyd K, Ovcinnikovs V, Zom GG, Marijnissen RJ, Groeneveldt C, Griffioen L, Sandker GGW, Heskamp S, van der Burg SH, Arakelian T, Ossendorp F, Arens R, Schuurman J, Kemper K, van Hall T. T-cell stimulating vaccines empower CD3 bispecific antibody therapy in solid tumors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:48. [PMID: 38167722 PMCID: PMC10761684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CD3 bispecific antibody (CD3 bsAb) therapy is clinically approved for refractory hematological malignancies, but responses in solid tumors have been limited so far. One of the main hurdles in solid tumors is the lack of sufficient T-cell infiltrate. Here, we show that pre-treatment vaccination, even when composed of tumor-unrelated antigens, induces CXCR3-mediated T-cell influx in immunologically 'cold' tumor models in male mice. In the absence of CD3 bsAb, the infiltrate is confined to the tumor invasive margin, whereas subsequent CD3 bsAb administration induces infiltration of activated effector CD8 T cells into the tumor cell nests. This combination therapy installs a broadly inflamed Th1-type tumor microenvironment, resulting in effective tumor eradication. Multiple vaccination formulations, including synthetic long peptides and viruses, empower CD3 bsAb therapy. Our results imply that eliciting tumor infiltration with vaccine-induced tumor-(un)related T cells can greatly improve the efficacy of CD3 bsAbs in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Middelburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gaby Schaap
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Büşra Göynük
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Christianne Groeneveldt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin G W Sandker
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tsolere Arakelian
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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