1
|
Wang J, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Jia J, Jiao P, Liu Y, Su G. Modulating the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles by controlling protein corona formation: Recent advances and future prospects. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169590. [PMID: 38154635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development and widespread application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), understanding the fundamental interactions between ENPs and biological systems is essential to assess and predict the fate of ENPs in vivo. When ENPs are exposed to complex physiological environments, biomolecules quickly and inevitably adsorb to ENPs to form a biomolecule corona, such as a protein corona (PC). The formed PC has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of ENPs and gives them a brand new identity in the biological environment, which determines the subsequent ENP-cell/tissue/organ interactions. Controlling the formation of PCs is therefore of utmost importance to accurately predict and optimize the behavior of ENPs within living organisms, as well as ensure the safety of their applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental aspects of the PC, including the formation mechanism, composition, and frequently used characterization techniques. We comprehensively discuss the potential impact of the PC on ENP toxicity, including cytotoxicity, immune response, and so on. Additionally, we summarize recent advancements in manipulating PC formation on ENPs to achieve the desired biological outcomes. We further discuss the challenges and prospects, aiming to provide valuable insights for a better understanding and prediction of ENP behaviors in vivo, as well as the development of low-toxicity ENPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510001, China; Center for Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510001 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Geng Q, Jiao P. Anti-PD-L1-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Co-Inhibitory and Co-Stimulatory Molecules for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2024; 29:454. [PMID: 38257366 PMCID: PMC10819708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting PD-L1 via monospecific antibodies has shown durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical cancer signs for many years after treatment. However, the durable clinical benefits and long-term remissions by anti-PD-L1 monotherapy have been limited to a small fraction of patients with certain cancer types. Targeting PD-L1 via bispecific antibodies (referred to as anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs) which can simultaneously bind to both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules may increase the durable antitumor responses in patients who would not benefit from PD-L1 monotherapy. A growing number of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs have been developed to fight against this deadly disease. This review summarizes recent advances of anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs for cancer immunotherapy in patents and literatures, and discusses their anti-tumor efficacies in vitro and in vivo. Over 50 anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs targeting both co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules have been investigated in biological testing or in clinical trials since 2017. At least eleven proteins, such as CTLA-4, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L2, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD28, CD27, OX40, CD137, and ICOS, are involved in these investigations. Twenty-two anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs are being evaluated to treat various advanced cancers in clinical trials, wherein the indications include NSCLC, SNSCLC, SCLC, PDA, MBNHL, SCCHN, UC, EC, TNBC, CC, and some other malignancies. The released data from clinical trials indicated that most of the anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs were well-tolerated and showed promising antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors. However, since the approved and investigational bsAbs have shown much more significant adverse reactions compared to PD-L1 monospecific antibodies, anti-PD-L1-based bsAbs may be further optimized via molecular structure modification to avoid or reduce these adverse reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Dong X, Xu H, Jiao P, Zhao LX, Su G. Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Pain Treatment and Relief: From the Delivery of a Single Drug to Co-Delivery of Multiple Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2309. [PMID: 37765278 PMCID: PMC10537372 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials in drug delivery systems for pain treatment is becoming increasingly common. This review aims to summarize how nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems can be used to effectively treat and relieve pain, whether via the delivery of a single drug or a combination of multiple therapeutics. By utilizing nanoformulations, the solubility of analgesics can be increased. Meanwhile, controlled drug release and targeted delivery can be realized. These not only improve the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of analgesics but also lead to improved pain relief effects with fewer side effects. Additionally, combination therapy is frequently applied to anesthesia and analgesia. The co-encapsulation of multiple therapeutics into a single nanoformulation for drug co-delivery has garnered significant interest. Numerous approaches using nanoformulation-based combination therapy have been developed and evaluated for pain management. These methods offer prolonged analgesic effects and reduced administration frequency by harnessing the synergy and co-action of multiple targets. However, it is important to note that these nanomaterial-based pain treatment methods are still in the exploratory stage and require further research to be effectively translated into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xingpeng Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Heming Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Lin-Xia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Geng Q, Rohondia SO, Khan HJ, Jiao P, Dou QP. Small molecules as antagonists of co-inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy: a patent review (2018-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:677-694. [PMID: 32715813 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1801640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic antibodies blocking co-inhibitory pathways do not attack tumor cells directly, but instead bind to their targeted proteins and mobilize the immune system to eradicate tumors. However, only a small fraction of patients with certain cancer types can benefit from the antibodies. Additionally, antibodies have shown serious immune-related adverse events in certain patients. Small-molecule antagonists may be a complementary and potentially synergistic approach to antibodies for patients with various cancers. AREAS COVERED The authors review the small molecules as antagonists of co-inhibitory pathway proteins, summarize their preliminary SARs, discuss biochemistry assays used in patents for the development of small molecules as novel antagonists. EXPERT OPINION The disclosed pharmacophores of small molecules as co-inhibitory pathway antagonists are represented by biphenyl derivatives, biaryl derivatives, teraryl derivatives, quateraryl derivatives, and oxadiazole/thiadiazole derivatives. However, these antagonists are still inferior to therapeutic antibodies in their inhibitory activities due to relatively flat of human co-inhibitory pathways proteins. Allosteric modulators may be an alternative approach. The more safety and efficacy evaluation trials of small-molecule antagonists targeting co-inhibitory pathways should be performed to demonstrate the proof-of-principle that small-molecule antagonists can result in sustained safety and antitumor response in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University , Jinan, China
| | - Sagar O Rohondia
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Harras J Khan
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peifu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University , Jinan, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiao P, Geng Q, Jin P, Su G, Teng H, Dong J, Yan B. Small Molecules as PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway Modulators for Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4911-4920. [PMID: 30417781 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666181112114958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions using PD-1/PD-L1 pathway modulators has shown unprecedented clinical efficacy in various cancer models. Current PD-1/PD-L1 modulators approved by FDA are exclusively dominated by therapeutic antibodies. Nevertheless, therapeutic antibodies also exhibit several disadvantages such as low tumor penetration, difficulty in crossing physiological barriers, lacking oral bioavailability, high manufacturing costs, inaccessible to intracellular targets, immunogenicity, immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Modulation of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway using small molecules may be an alternative approach to mobilize immune system to fight against cancers. In this review, we focus on summarizing the recently disclosed chemical structures and preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of small molecules as PD-1/PD-L1 modulators for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Qiaohong Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Houyun Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- Jinan T aorui Pharma & Tech Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su G, Miao D, Yu Y, Zhou M, Jiao P, Cao X, Yan B, Zhu H. Mesoporous silica-coated gold nanostars with drug payload for combined chemo-photothermal cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:201-210. [PMID: 29993296 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1499746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Combined chemo-photothermal therapy is attracting increasing attention in the treatment of cancers. In this work, PEGylated mesoporous SiO2-coated gold nanostars (GNS@mSiO2-PEG) were synthesised without using the cytotoxic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the template. Mesoporous nanostructures were obtained by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) protection of the outer silica shell and NaOH etching of the inner shell. GNS@mSiO2-PEG exhibited good dispersity in medium and excellent photothermal effects. Loading capacity for the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was ∼17.9%, and the drug release profile was pH- and light-responsive. In vitro studies revealed that the as-prepared nanocomposites featured good biocompatibility. Furthermore, the nanocomposites were readily internalised by cancer cells, and a combined chemo-photothermal therapy assay revealed that DOX-loaded GNS@mSiO2-PEG have a higher therapeutic efficiency than individual therapies, demonstrating suitable synergistic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Su
- a School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Dandan Miao
- a School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- a School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Min Zhou
- a School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- b Department of Chemistry , Qilu Normal University , Jinan , China
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- a School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Bing Yan
- c School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- a School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Targets , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Geng Q, Jiao P, Jin P, Su G, Dong J, Yan B. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors for Immuno-oncology: From Antibodies to Small Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:6033-6041. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666171004120152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- Jinan Taorui Pharma & Tech Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen Y, Jiao P, Wang H, Chen L, Walker ND, Yang W. 648 Validation of micro-encapsulation method to protect probiotics and feed enzyme from rumen degradation. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
9
|
Jiao P, Liu F, Ding S, Walker ND, Yang W. 647 Comparison of ruminal protected versus non-protected live yeast on omasal flows, site and extent of digestion in the digestive tract of beef heifers fed high-grain diet. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
Jiao P, Liu F, He Z, Ding S, Walker ND, Yang W. 657 Effects of adding live yeast or yeast derivative on dry matter disappearance of high-forage diet in batch culture. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
11
|
Wei L, Song Y, Cui J, Qu N, Wang N, Ouyang G, Liao M, Jiao P. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of LGP2 cDNA from goose, Anser cygnoides. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2290-6. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
12
|
Jiao P, Jin P, Li C, Cui L, Dong L, Pan B, Song W, Ma L, Dong J, Song L, Jin X, Li F, Wan M, Lv Z, Geng Q. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of amidoximes as histone deacetylase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4679-4683. [PMID: 27597246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amindoximes are geometric isomers of N-hydroxyamidines which are bioisosteres of hydroxamates. Since amindoxime group is capable of chelating transition metal ions including zinc ion, amindoximes should possess histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitory activity. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of amindoximes, examined their inhibitory activities against HDACs, and investigated their cytotoxicity to human cancer cells. Preliminary results demonstrated that amindoximes possessed submicromolar HDACs inhibitory activity, with noteworthy enhancement compared with hydroxamates. Furthermore, the amindoximes arrested HCT116 and A549 cells in G2/M phase and showed good efficacy in inducing cells death. We provided a proof-of-concept that amindoximes could be used as HDACs inhibitors and hold great promise as epigenetic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Chencan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Lechao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Shandong Chengchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Wentong Song
- Shandong Chengchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Shandong Chengchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Jinlong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Xinjie Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Faming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Maosheng Wan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, China.
| | - Zhitao Lv
- Shandong Chengchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China.
| | - Qiaohong Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiao P, Otto M, Geng Q, Li C, Li F, Butch ER, Snyder SE, Zhou H, Yan B. Enhancing both CT imaging and natural killer cell-mediated cancer cell killing by a GD2-targeting nanoconstruct. J Mater Chem B 2015; 4:513-520. [PMID: 27087966 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although nanomaterials have been widely investigated for drug delivery, imaging and immunotherapy, their potential roles in triggering innate cellular immune responses while simultaneously serving as imaging enhancer remain unexplored. In this work, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) conjugated to the tumor-targeting anti-GD2 antibody hu14.18K322A, namely HGNPs, were designed and synthesized to specifically enhance computerized tomography (CT) imaging contrast and to stimulate the attack of neuroblastoma and melanoma cells by natural killer (NK) cells. The HGNPs specifically targeted GD2-positive neuroblastoma (NB1691) and melanoma (M21) cells, with an enhancement of CT contrast images of the HGNP-labeled cell pellets by 5.27- and 7.66-fold, respectively, compared to images of unlabeled cell pellets. The HGNPs also triggered NK-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in NB1691 and M21 cells with a two-fold higher efficacy compared to that elicited by hu14.18K322A alone, with no adverse effect to GD2-negative PC-3 cells. These results suggest that HGNPs are promising theranostic agents for neuroblastoma and melanoma cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Mario Otto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Qiaohong Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Chencan Li
- TR Pharma & Tech Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Faming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Elizabeth R Butch
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Scott E Snyder
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wan M, Xu L, Hua L, Li A, Li S, Lu W, Pang Y, Cao C, Liu X, Jiao P. Synthesis and evaluation of novel isoxazolyl chalcones as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2014; 54:38-43. [PMID: 24747188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel isoxazolyl chalcones were synthesized and evaluated for their activities in vitro against four types of human non-small cell lung cancer cells, including H1792, H157, A549 and Calu-1 cells. The preliminary biological screening showed that compounds 5d and 5f-i exhibited significant cytotoxicity, particularly, compounds 5f and 5h were identified as the most potent anticancer agents with IC50 values 1.35-2.07 μM and 7.27-11.07 μM against H175, A549 and Calu-1 cell lines, respectively. Compounds 5f-i could induce apoptosis in A549 cells by death receptor 5 (DR5) mediated extrinsicpathways. The preliminary structure-activity relationship study showed that compounds bearing electron withdrawing groups (EWG) at the 2-position of the phenyl ring in Ar group were more effective than those with EWG at 4-position. These results further demonstrated that the scaffolds designed in this work might lead to the discovery of novel anti-lung cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Linyan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Li Hua
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai, Shandong 264210, China
| | - Ailing Li
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai, Shandong 264210, China
| | - Shuqing Li
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai, Shandong 264210, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yue Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Chengbo Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou H, Su G, Jiao P, Yan B. Accelerating the Multifunctionalization of Therapeutic Nanoparticles by Using a Multicomponent Reaction. Chemistry 2012; 18:5501-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Jiao P, Zhou H, Otto M, Mu Q, Li L, Su G, Zhang Y, Butch ER, Snyder SE, Jiang G, Yan B. Leading Neuroblastoma Cells To Die by Multiple Premeditated Attacks from a Multifunctionalized Nanoconstruct. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13918-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja206118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
We report a dual-ligand nanoparticle array approach for discerning cells that have different surface receptor profiles surrounding a common primary receptor expressed at high or low levels. The achieved differentiation provides nanoparticles the ability for potential applications in treatment of patients at a personalized medicine level for drug delivery and radiation therapy with a much better safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu XF, Guo YM, Huang BY, Bun S, Zhang LB, Li JH, Liu D, Long FY, Yang X, Jiao P. The effect of glucagon-like peptide 2 injection on performance, small intestinal morphology, and nutrient transporter expression of stressed broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1967-74. [PMID: 20709983 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of injecting glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) on the small intestinal weight, morphology, and nutrient transporter expression in pharmacologically stressed broiler chickens. A total of 144 seven-day-old birds were fed either a basal diet (CTRL) or a basal diet plus 30 mg of corticosterone (CORT)/kg of diet for a total of 14 d. Half of the birds from each group were injected daily with GLP-2 (6.7 nmol/kg of BW) or saline for 14 d. The average final BW, ADG, ADFI, and the ratio of feed intake to weight gain (F:G) was recorded over 21 d for the 4 groups of 36 birds, namely CTRL + saline, CTRL + GLP-2, CORT + saline, and CORT + GLP-2. In addition, the absolute and relative small intestinal weight, villus height (VH), and crypt depth (CD) of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as the abundance of sodium and glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT-1), vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein-28,000 molecular weight (CaBP-D28k), and peptide transporter 1 (PepT-1) mRNA in the duodenum and of liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) mRNA in the jejunum. The total DNA, RNA, and protein content in small intestinal mucosa were also determined. The results showed that CORT administration significantly lowered average final BW, ADG, ADFI, absolute small intestinal weight, VH, and CD of duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05) while increasing the relative small intestinal weight, F:G, relative abundance of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k, PepT-1, and L-FABP mRNA (P < 0.05). Glucagon-like peptide 2 injection increased the average final BW, ADG, VH, and CD in duodenum and jejunum and relative abundance of SGLT-1, CaBP-28k, PepT1, and PepT1 mRNA of broiler chickens, respectively (P < 0.05), and decreased F:G (P < 0.05). In chickens fed basal diet plus CORT, injecting GLP-2 decreased F:G (P < 0.05); increased VH and CD of duodenum and CD of jejunum; and increased relative abundance of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k, PepT-1, and L-FABP mRNA, RNA, and total protein content in small intestine compared with the injection of saline (P < 0.05). In birds fed the basal diet, GLP-2 injection decreased F:G (P < 0.05) and increased final BW, ADG, small bowel weight, CD of jejunum, and relative abundance of CaBP-D28k and PepT-1 mRNA compared with injecting saline (P < 0.05). In conclusion, GLP-2 injection reversed the negative effect of stress on the weight and morphology and the absorptive function of small bowel of broiler chickens. Glucagon-like peptide 2 injection also had a positive effect on the growth performance of healthy broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X F Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang F, Jiao P, Qi M, Frezza M, Dou Q, Yan B. Turning Tumor-Promoting Copper into an Anti-Cancer Weapon via High-Throughput Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2010; 17:2685-98. [DOI: 10.2174/092986710791859315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Yang X, Zhang B, Guo Y, Jiao P, Long F. Effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on fat deposition and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:254-60. [PMID: 20075277 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum on carcass quality, fat deposition, meat quality, and fatty acid contents of breast meat in broiler chickens were investigated. One hundred sixty one-day-old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were divided into 4 treatment groups in a 2x2 factorial arrangement and fed 4 diets with 2 lipid sources (soybean oil or fish oil) and 2 levels of C. butyricum (0 or 5 g/kg of diets) were used. Abdominal fat was significantly reduced when chicks were fed the fish oil diet compared with the soybean oil diet (P<0.01). Fish oil diets increased drip losses of the breast and thigh muscles, thawing losses of breast muscle, and boiling losses of thigh muscle (P<0.05). Moreover, the C. butyricum diet profoundly reduced shear force of muscle (P<0.05). The supplementation of C. butyricum increased i.m. fat, the contents of C20:5n-3 (P<0.05), and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in breast muscle. Additionally, there were significant interactions between lipids and C. butyricum for drip losses of breast muscle (P<0.01) and boiling losses of thigh muscle (P<0.05) and for the contents of C20:5n-3 (P<0.05) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) of breast muscle. The results of this study indicate that dietary inclusion of C. butyricum improves meat quality and fatty acid profiles of breast meat in male broilers, particularly interacting with a fish oil diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Milacic V, Jiao P, Zhang B, Yan B, Dou QP. Novel 8-hydroxylquinoline analogs induce copper-dependent proteasome inhibition and cell death in human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2010; 35:1481-91. [PMID: 19885572 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated level of copper (Cu), which is necessary for the growth and metastasis of tumor cells, has been found in many types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung and brain. Although its molecular basis is unclear, this tumor-specific Cu elevation has been proposed to be a novel target for developing selective anti-cancer therapies. We previously reported that 8-hydroxylquinoline (8-OHQ) is able to form a Cu complex that inhibits the proteasome and induces apoptosis in cultured cancer cells. Toward the goal of discovering novel 8-OHQ analogs as potential anti-copper and anti-cancer drugs, in the current study we synthesized several 8-OHQ analogs and their copper complexes and evaluated their biological activities in human breast cancer cells. We report that when substitutions are made on the hydroxyl group of 8-OHQ, their copper mixtures have profound effects on the proteasome-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing abilities in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, the proteasome-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities of 8-OHQ analog-copper mixtures are determined by both the polarity and position of the substituents. Finally, a synthetic complex of 8-OHQ analog-copper was able to inhibit the proteasome activity, induce cell death and suppress the growth selectively in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in normal immortalized human breast MCF-10A cells. Our results support the concept that human cancer cells and tissues, which contain an elevated copper level and are highly dependent on proteasome activity for their survival, should be sensitive to treatment with anti-copper drugs such as the novel 8-OHQ analogs described here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milacic
- The Prevention Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201-2013, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu XF, Guo YM, Huang BY, Zhang LB, Bun S, Liu D, Long FY, Li JH, Yang X, Jiao P. Effect of Corticosterone Administration on Small Intestinal Weight and Expression of Small Intestinal Nutrient Transporter mRNA of Broiler Chickens. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.90281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Chen H, Deng G, Li Z, Tian G, Li Y, Jiao P, Zhang L, Liu Z, Webster RG, Yu K. The evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in ducks in southern China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10452-7. [PMID: 15235128 PMCID: PMC478602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403212101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of avian H5N1 influenza viruses to mammals has been evolving since the mid-1980s. Here, we demonstrate that H5N1 influenza viruses, isolated from apparently healthy domestic ducks in mainland China from 1999 through 2002, were becoming progressively more pathogenic for mammals, and we present a hypothesis explaining the mechanism of this evolutionary direction. Twenty-one viruses isolated from apparently healthy ducks in southern China from 1999 through 2002 were confirmed to be H5N1 subtype influenza A viruses. These isolates are antigenically similar to A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) virus, which was the source of the 1997 Hong Kong "bird flu" hemagglutinin gene, and all are highly pathogenic in chickens. The viruses form four pathotypes on the basis of their replication and lethality in mice. There is a clear temporal pattern in the progressively increasing pathogenicity of these isolates in the mammalian model. Five of six H5N1 isolates tested replicated in inoculated ducks and were shed from trachea or cloaca, but none caused disease signs or death. Phylogenetic analysis of the full genome indicated that most of the viruses are reassortants containing the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96-like hemagglutinin gene and the other genes from unknown Eurasian avian influenza viruses. This study is a characterization of the H5N1 avian influenza viruses recently circulating in ducks in mainland China. Our findings suggest that immediate action is needed to prevent the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from the apparently healthy ducks into chickens or mammalian hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The system of producing long chain dicarboxylic acid (DCA) by Candida tropicalis is an aerobic and viscous fermentation system. A method to overcome the gas-liquid transport resistance and to increase oxygen supply is by adding hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to the fermentation system. Here we report that the H(2)O(2) not only can enhance the oxygen supply but also change the metabolism by inducing cytochrome P450, the key enzyme of a, o-oxidation. When C. tropicalis was cultivated in a 3-L bioreactor using the combination of aeration and H(2)O(2) feeding, DCA production rates increased by about 10% after a short period of decrease at the beginning. Furthermore, the experiments showed that the maximum activities of P450 could be induced at 2 mM H(2)O(2), and the inducible mechanisms are also discussed. Moreover, we suggest that alkane might be oxidized through the "peroxide shunt pathway" when H(2)O(2) is present. By adding H(2)O(2), the DCA yield in a 22-L bioreactor could increase by 25.3% and reach 153.9 g/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Jiao
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China, 100084.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xiao YZ, Jiao P, Hua YT, Cao ZA. [Study on fermentation of long-chain dicarboxylic acid based on enzymology]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2001; 17:218-20. [PMID: 11411236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the effects of the adding time of alkane on the expression of P450 and production of dicarboxylic acid. A novel fermentation process, in which no or a little alkane was added to make the cells growing more quickly during the growth stage, followed by the addition of alkane to induce cytochromes P450 for 6-8 hours, was established. The results showed that the new process was much better than the old process on inductivities of cytochromes P450 and production of dicarboxylic acid. The new process improved nearly 14.56% expression of P450 and 14.15% production of dicarboxylic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiao P, Hua Y, Li S, Huang Y, Cao Z. [Study on the cytochrome P450 activity in alkane converting process of Candida tropicalis]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2001; 41:117-20. [PMID: 12549201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
A method of reduced CO-difference spectrum was established to study the cytochrome P450 activity of the whole cell of Candida tropicalis during the alkane converting process. Using this method, the cytochrome P450 activities of the whole cells that were cultured in the different concentrations of alkane were studied. The results showed that the 5% alkane could induce the cytochrome P450 activity obviously but not inhibit the growth of cells, so it was determined preliminarily that the alkane concentration of the seed medium was 5%. The cytochrome P450 activities of dicarboxylic acid (DCA) fermentation processing were further studied. During the exponential phase of growth, the cytochrome P450 activity increased smoothly. However, during the phase of production of dicarboxylic acid, the cytochrome P450 activities increased rapidly after a sort decrease. The results still showed that the rate of production of dicarboxylic acid increased with the cytochrome P450 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiao P, Ma C, Wang S. [Study on the plasmid instability of Bdellovibrio BDG-9]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2000; 40:174-9. [PMID: 12548941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
A new method system was established in this paper to study the plasmid in stability of Bdellovibrio BDG-9. Using this system, it was found that when BDG-9 was cultured singly on the SMB plate, plasmid pST I was unstable although pST I still replicated and distributed to progeny cell normally. The results showed that the pST I copy number in single cell of BDG-9 decreased gradually to zero with the propagation of BDG-9. Additionally, plasmid pST I was very important for the growth of BDG-9, and with the lacking of pST I s, the growth and propagation of BDG-9 ceased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu J, Jiao P, Zuo G, Jin S. Electron impact mass spectral fragmentation of 2a,4-disubstituted 2-chloro/2,2-dichloro-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-azeto[2,1-d][1,5]benzothia zepin-1-ones. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000; 14:637-640. [PMID: 10786899 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000430)14:8<637::aid-rcm924>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometric behaviour of nine 2a,4-disubstituted 2-chloro/2,2-dichloro-2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-azeto[2,1-d][1,5]b enzothiazepin-1-ones has been studied with the aid of mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry and accurate mass measurements under electron impact ionization. All compounds show a tendency to eliminate a neutral chlorine atom, or a chloroketene, or neutral propene, or styrene or substituted styrene molecule, plus Cl and/or H (or Cl) atom(s), to yield [M-Cl]+ ions, 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine derivative ions, 4,5-dihydro-5H-1,5-benzothiazepin-4-one ions which can further lose CO to give 1,4-benzothiazine ions. Both molecular ions and [M-Cl]+ ions show a tendency to eliminate an ethyl or benzyl/substituted benzyl radical to produce 2,2a-dihydro-1H-azeto[2,1-c][1,4]benzothiazin-1-one ions. The [M-Cl]+ ions could undergo rearrangement to yield 2,2a-dihydro-1H-azeto[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepin-1-one ions, 2,2a,3,4-tetrahydro-1H-azeto[1,2-a]quinoline ions or 1,1a,2,3-tetrahydro-azirino[2,1-d][1,5]benzothiazepine ions by loss of an ethane or a benzene/substituted benzene, a SH radical or a CO molecule. The molecular ions could also undergo rearrangement reactions to form other small fragment ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu J, Zuo G, Jiao P, Wang H, Jin S, Chan AS. Electron impact mass spectral fragmentation patterns of 2a,4-disubstituted 5-benzoyl-2-chloro-2a,3,4,5-tetrahydroazeto[1,2-a][1,5]benzodiazepin-1( 2H)-ones. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000; 14:633-636. [PMID: 10786898 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000430)14:8<633::aid-rcm920>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometric behaviour of six 2a,4-disubstituted 5-benzoyl-2-chloro-2a,3,4,5-tetrahydroazeto[1,2-a][1,5]benzodia zepin-1(2H)-ones has been studied with the aid of mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectrometry and accurate mass measurements under electron impact ionization. All compounds show a tendency to eliminate a chlorine atom, a chlorine atom plus benzaldehyde, benzoyl radical, chloroketene or chlorine atom plus CO and H2O molecules to yield, respectively, [M-Cl]+ ions, 2a,4-disubstituted 2a,3-dihydroazeto[1,2-a][1,5]benzodiazepin-1(2H)-one ions, [M-PhCO]+ ions, 2,4-disubstituted 1-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine ions, or 1,2,4-trisubstituted 1H-1,7-benzodiazonine ions, which could also be formed from [M-Cl]+ ions by loss of CO and H2O molecules simultaneously. The [M-Cl]+ ions could further lose benzoyl radical to form [M-Cl-PhCO]+ ions, or lose benzoyl amide and undergo a rearrangement to form 4,6-disubstituted 1-benzoazocine-2(1H)-one ions. The [M-PhCO]+ ions could eliminate NH to produce 2a,4-disubstituted 2,2a,3,4-tetrahydroazeto[1,2,-a]quinolin-1-one ions, which could further eliminate chloroketene, CO and/or HCl to produce some important ions, respectively. 2,4-Disubstituted 1-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine ions could lose benzoyl radical to yield 2,4-disubstituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine ions, which could further yield other small fragment ions by loss of propene/styrene or small fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiao S, You J, Guo H, Jiao P, Mei J, Yao M, Feng Z. Effect of artemether on hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphofructokinase of Schistosoma japonicum harbored in mice. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 1998; 16:25-8. [PMID: 12078203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of artemether (Art) on hexokinase (HK), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) of Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS Mice infected with schistosome cercariae for 4-5 wk were treated ig with Art 100 or 300 mg.kg-1 and killed 24 h or 48 h after medication for collection of schistosomes. The activities of HK, GPI and PFK of the worms were determined by measuring the formation of NADPH or consumption of NADH. RESULTS Worms from the infected mice treated ig with Art at a single dose of 300 mg.kg-1 the inhibition rates of HK activity of female and male worms were 33.7% and 13.7%, respectively 24 h after administration. Similar results were seen in GPI activity, but 48 h after medication, the inhibition rate of GPI increased to 46.2% (female) and 32.9% (male), respectively. Worms from mice treated with Art 100 or 300 mg.kg-1, the inhibitory effect on PFK in female worms was found much higher than that of male worms the inhibition rates of PFK were 64.9%-71.0% in female worms and 16.3%-54.2% in male worms, respectively at 24 h and 48 h after treatment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that in the glycolytic pathway of schistosome PFK might be one of the targets attacked by Art.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Xiao
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai 200025
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|