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Nolan-Stevaux O, Li C, Liang L, Zhan J, Estrada J, Osgood T, Li F, Zhang H, Case R, Murawsky CM, Estes B, Moore GL, Bernett MJ, Muchhal U, Desjarlais JR, Staley BK, Stevens J, Cooke KS, Aeffner F, Thomas O, Stieglmaier J, Lee JL, Coxon A, Bailis JM. AMG 509 (Xaluritamig), an Anti-STEAP1 XmAb 2+1 T-cell Redirecting Immune Therapy with Avidity-Dependent Activity against Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:90-103. [PMID: 37861452 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-associated antigen STEAP1 is a potential therapeutic target that is expressed in most prostate tumors and at increased levels in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We developed a STEAP1-targeted XmAb 2+1 T-cell engager (TCE) molecule, AMG 509 (also designated xaluritamig), that is designed to redirect T cells to kill prostate cancer cells that express STEAP1. AMG 509 mediates potent T cell-dependent cytotoxicity of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and promotes tumor regression in xenograft and syngeneic mouse models of prostate cancer in vivo. The avidity-driven activity of AMG 509 enables selectivity for tumor cells with high STEAP1 expression compared with normal cells. AMG 509 is the first STEAP1 TCE to advance to clinical testing, and we report a case study of a patient with mCRPC who achieved an objective response on AMG 509 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Immunotherapy in prostate cancer has met with limited success due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and lack of tumor-specific targets. AMG 509 provides a targeted immunotherapy approach to engage a patient's T cells to kill STEAP1-expressing tumor cells and represents a new treatment option for mCRPC and potentially more broadly for prostate cancer. See related commentary by Hage Chehade et al., p. 20. See related article by Kelly et al., p. 76. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Li
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lingming Liang
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jinghui Zhan
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Juan Estrada
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Tao Osgood
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Fei Li
- Structural Biology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- Structural Biology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan Case
- Lead Discovery and Characterization, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Bram Estes
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Binnaz K Staley
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jennitte Stevens
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Keegan S Cooke
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Famke Aeffner
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Oliver Thomas
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Stieglmaier
- Early Development Oncology, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Jae-Lyun Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Angela Coxon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Julie M Bailis
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
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2
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Giffin MJ, Cooke K, Lobenhofer EK, Estrada J, Zhan J, Deegen P, Thomas M, Murawsky CM, Werner J, Liu S, Lee F, Homann O, Friedrich M, Pearson JT, Raum T, Yang Y, Caenepeel S, Stevens J, Beltran PJ, Canon J, Coxon A, Bailis JM, Hughes PE. AMG 757, a Half-Life Extended, DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, Shows High Potency and Sensitivity in Preclinical Models of Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1526-1537. [PMID: 33203642 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with a high relapse rate, limited therapeutic options, and poor prognosis. We investigated the antitumor activity of AMG 757, a half-life extended bispecific T-cell engager molecule targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3)-a target that is selectively expressed in SCLC tumors, but with minimal normal tissue expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AMG 757 efficacy was evaluated in SCLC cell lines and in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse SCLC models. Following AMG 757 administration, changes in tumor volume, pharmacodynamic changes in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), and the spatial relationship between the appearance of TILs and tumor histology were examined. Tolerability was assessed in nonhuman primates (NHPs). RESULTS AMG 757 showed potent and specific killing of even those SCLC cell lines with very low DLL3 expression (<1,000 molecules per cell). AMG 757 effectively engaged systemically administered human T cells, induced T-cell activation, and redirected T cells to lyse tumor cells to promote significant tumor regression and complete responses in PDX models of SCLC and in orthotopic models of established primary lung SCLC and metastatic liver lesions. AMG 757 was well tolerated with no AMG 757-related adverse findings up to the highest tested dose (4.5 mg/kg weekly) in NHP. AMG 757 exhibits an extended half-life in NHP, which is projected to enable intermittent administration in patients. CONCLUSIONS AMG 757 has a compelling safety and efficacy profile in preclinical studies making it a viable option for targeting DLL3-expressing SCLC tumors in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keegan Cooke
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Edward K Lobenhofer
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Juan Estrada
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Jinghui Zhan
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Petra Deegen
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Thomas
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jonathan Werner
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Fei Lee
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California
| | - Oliver Homann
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua T Pearson
- Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tobias Raum
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Yajing Yang
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Sean Caenepeel
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Jennitte Stevens
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Pedro J Beltran
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Jude Canon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Angela Coxon
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Julie M Bailis
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California.
| | - Paul E Hughes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, California.
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3
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Killion EA, Wang J, Yie J, Shi SDH, Bates D, Min X, Komorowski R, Hager T, Deng L, Atangan L, Lu SC, Kurzeja RJM, Sivits G, Lin J, Chen Q, Wang Z, Thibault SA, Abbott CM, Meng T, Clavette B, Murawsky CM, Foltz IN, Rottman JB, Hale C, Véniant MM, Lloyd DJ. Anti-obesity effects of GIPR antagonists alone and in combination with GLP-1R agonists in preclinical models. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/472/eaat3392. [PMID: 30567927 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) has been identified in multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as a contributor to obesity, and GIPR knockout mice are protected against diet-induced obesity (DIO). On the basis of this genetic evidence, we developed anti-GIPR antagonistic antibodies as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and observed that a mouse anti-murine GIPR antibody (muGIPR-Ab) protected against body weight gain, improved multiple metabolic parameters, and was associated with reduced food intake and resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in DIO mice. We replicated these results in obese nonhuman primates (NHPs) using an anti-human GIPR antibody (hGIPR-Ab) and found that weight loss was more pronounced than in mice. In addition, we observed enhanced weight loss in DIO mice and NHPs when anti-GIPR antibodies were codosed with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists. Mechanistic and crystallographic studies demonstrated that hGIPR-Ab displaced GIP and bound to GIPR using the same conserved hydrophobic residues as GIP. Further, using a conditional knockout mouse model, we excluded the role of GIPR in pancreatic β-cells in the regulation of body weight and response to GIPR antagonism. In conclusion, these data provide preclinical validation of a therapeutic approach to treat obesity with anti-GIPR antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Killion
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Junming Yie
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Stone D-H Shi
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Darren Bates
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Xiaoshan Min
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Renee Komorowski
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Todd Hager
- Amgen Research, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Liying Deng
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Larissa Atangan
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Lu
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Robert J M Kurzeja
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Glenn Sivits
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Joanne Lin
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Zhulun Wang
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stephen A Thibault
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christina M Abbott
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Tina Meng
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Brandon Clavette
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 7990 Enterprise Street, Burnaby, BC V5A 1V7, Canada
| | - Christopher M Murawsky
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 7990 Enterprise Street, Burnaby, BC V5A 1V7, Canada
| | - Ian N Foltz
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., 7990 Enterprise Street, Burnaby, BC V5A 1V7, Canada
| | - James B Rottman
- Amgen Research, Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney St., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Clarence Hale
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Murielle M Véniant
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - David J Lloyd
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Dr., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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Winters A, McFadden K, Bergen J, Landas J, Berry KA, Gonzalez A, Salimi-Moosavi H, Murawsky CM, Tagari P, King CT. Rapid single B cell antibody discovery using nanopens and structured light. MAbs 2019; 11:1025-1035. [PMID: 31185801 PMCID: PMC6748590 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1624126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) tool reagents is an essential requirement for the successful advancement of therapeutic antibodies in today’s fast-paced and competitive drug development marketplace. Here, we describe a direct, flexible, and rapid nanofluidic optoelectronic single B lymphocyte antibody screening technique (NanOBlast) applied to the generation of anti-idiotypic reagent antibodies. Selectively enriched, antigen-experienced murine antibody secreting cells (ASCs) were harvested from spleen and lymph nodes. Subsequently, secreted mAbs from individually isolated, single ASCs were screened directly using a novel, integrated, high-content culture, and assay platform capable of manipulating living cells within microfluidic chip nanopens using structured light. Single-cell polymerase chain reaction–based molecular recovery on select anti-idiotypic ASCs followed by recombinant IgG expression and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) characterization resulted in the recovery and identification of a diverse and high-affinity panel of anti-idiotypic reagent mAbs. Combinatorial ELISA screening identified both capture and detection mAbs, and enabled the development of a sensitive and highly specific ligand binding assay capable of quantifying free therapeutic IgG molecules directly from human patient serum, thereby facilitating important drug development decision-making. The ASC import, screening, and export discovery workflow on the chip was completed within 5 h, while the overall discovery workflow from immunization to recombinantly expressed IgG was completed in under 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Winters
- a Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Karyn McFadden
- a Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - John Bergen
- b Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Burnaby , Canada
| | - Julius Landas
- b Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Burnaby , Canada.,c Department of Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Kelly A Berry
- b Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Burnaby , Canada
| | - Anthony Gonzalez
- a Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Hossein Salimi-Moosavi
- a Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA.,c Department of Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - Philip Tagari
- a Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Chadwick T King
- b Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research , Burnaby , Canada
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5
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Hasegawa H, Li C, Alba BM, Penny DM, Xia Z, Dayao MR, Li P, Zhang J, Zhou J, Lim D, Murawsky CM, Lim AC. Membrane cholesterol modulates STEAP2 conformation during dynamic intracellular trafficking processes leading to broad subcellular distribution. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:208-226. [PMID: 29940176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STEAP2 is a member of the Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) protein family that is proposed to function as metalloreductase. While STEAP2 shows a complex subcellular distribution pattern localizing to both secretory and endocytic pathway organelles, how such broad steady-state distribution is maintained is unknown. Similarly, whether STEAP2 undergoes any compartment-specific modulation during intracellular trafficking has not been reported. Leveraging a newly-identified monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformation-sensitive epitope nested in the second extracellular loop of STEAP2, we demonstrate that the epitope formation was dependent on the cholesterol content of the membrane in which STEAP2 was embedded. Monitoring the STEAP2-dependent internalization of this antibody uncovered STEAP2's rapid internalization from the cell surface and their subsequence trafficking to the Golgi region and endosome-like puncta. Acute inhibition of endocytosis also increased the detectable amount of STEAP2 at the plasma membrane. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that an intricate balance of membrane flux between the secretory and endocytic pathways underlies the characteristic broad subcellular localization of STEAP2. By using a cell-based assay that detects the metalloreductase functions of cell surface-localizing STEAP4, STEAP2's metalloreductase activities were not detectable, suggesting that its enzymatic function is suppressed at the plasma membrane. The conformational modulation of STEAP2 by the local membrane cholesterol content can therefore serve as a potential mechanism to modulate STEAP2 function in a compartment-restricted manner, by coupling a pre-existing difference in cholesterol content among different cellular membranes to a dynamic trafficking process leading to broad subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Hasegawa
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Oncology Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - David M Penny
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhen Xia
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Maria Rosalyn Dayao
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Desiree Lim
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ai Ching Lim
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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6
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Chen WC, Murawsky CM. Strategies for Generating Diverse Antibody Repertoires Using Transgenic Animals Expressing Human Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:460. [PMID: 29563917 PMCID: PMC5845867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic molecules derived from antibodies have become a dominant class of drugs used to treat human disease. Increasingly, therapeutic antibodies are discovered using transgenic animal systems that have been engineered to express human antibodies. While the engineering details differ, these platforms share the ability to raise an immune response that is comprised of antibodies with fully human idiotypes. Although the predominant transgenic host species has been mouse, the genomes of rats, rabbits, chickens, and cows have also been modified to express human antibodies. The creation of transgenic animal platforms expressing human antibody repertoires has revolutionized therapeutic antibody drug discovery. The observation that the immune systems of these animals are able to recognize and respond to a wide range of therapeutically relevant human targets has led to a surge in antibody-derived drugs in current development. While the clinical success of fully human monoclonal antibodies derived from transgenic animals is well established, recent trends have seen increasingly stringent functional design goals and a shift in difficulty as the industry attempts to tackle the next generation of disease-associated targets. These challenges have been met with a number of novel approaches focused on the generation of large, high-quality, and diverse antibody repertoires. In this perspective, we describe some of the strategies and considerations we use for manipulating the immune systems of transgenic animal platforms (such as XenoMouse®) with a focus on maximizing the diversity of the primary response and steering the ensuing antibody repertoire toward a desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihsu C Chen
- Biologics Discovery, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen British Columbia Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher M Murawsky
- Biologics Discovery, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen British Columbia Inc., Burnaby, BC, Canada
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7
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Shi SY, Lu YW, Liu Z, Stevens J, Murawsky CM, Wilson V, Hu Z, Richards WG, Michaels ML, Zhang J, Yan W, Li Y. A biparatopic agonistic antibody that mimics fibroblast growth factor 21 ligand activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5909-5919. [PMID: 29483191 PMCID: PMC5912448 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have become important formats for therapeutic discovery. They allow for potential synergy by simultaneously engaging two separate targets and enable new functions that are not possible to achieve by using a combination of two monospecific antibodies. Antagonistic antibodies dominate drug discovery today, but only a limited number of agonistic antibodies (i.e. those that activate receptor signaling) have been described. For receptors formed by two components, engaging both of these components simultaneously may be required for agonistic signaling. As such, bispecific antibodies may be particularly useful in activating multicomponent receptor complexes. Here, we describe a biparatopic (i.e. targeting two different epitopes on the same target) format that can activate the endocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 receptor (FGFR) complex containing β-Klotho and FGFR1c. This format was constructed by grafting two different antigen-specific VH domains onto the VH and VL positions of an IgG, yielding a tetravalent binder with two potential geometries, a close and a distant, between the two paratopes. Our results revealed that the biparatopic molecule provides activities that are not observed with each paratope alone. Our approach could help address the challenges with heterogeneity inherent in other bispecific formats and could provide the means to adjust intramolecular distances of the antibody domains to drive optimal activity in a bispecific format. In conclusion, this format is versatile, is easy to construct and produce, and opens a new avenue for agonistic antibody discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Yu Shi
- From Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- From Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Zhi Liu
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, and
| | | | | | - Vicki Wilson
- Amgen British Columbia Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1V7, Canada
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, and
| | | | | | - Jun Zhang
- From Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wei Yan
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, and
| | - Yang Li
- From Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080,
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8
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Liu D, Tseng M, Epstein LF, Green L, Chan B, Soriano B, Lim D, Pan O, Murawsky CM, King CT, Moyer BD. Evaluation of recombinant monoclonal antibody SVmab1 binding to Na V1.7 target sequences and block of human Na V1.7 currents. F1000Res 2016; 5:2764. [PMID: 27990272 PMCID: PMC5155501 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9918.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of small and large molecule pain therapeutics that target the genetically validated voltage-gated sodium channel Na
V1.7 is a challenging endeavor under vigorous pursuit. The monoclonal antibody SVmab1 was recently published to bind the Na
V1.7 DII voltage sensor domain and block human Na
V1.7 sodium currents in heterologous cells. We produced purified SVmab1 protein based on publically available sequence information, and evaluated its activity in a battery of binding and functional assays. Herein, we report that our recombinant SVmAb1 does not bind peptide immunogen or purified Na
V1.7 DII voltage sensor domain via ELISA, and does not bind Na
V1.7 in live HEK293, U-2 OS, and CHO-K1 cells via FACS. Whole cell manual patch clamp electrophysiology protocols interrogating diverse Na
V1.7 gating states in HEK293 cells, revealed that recombinant SVmab1 does not block Na
V1.7 currents to an extent greater than observed with an isotype matched control antibody. Collectively, our results show that recombinant SVmab1 monoclonal antibody does not bind Na
V1.7 target sequences or specifically inhibit Na
V1.7 current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Neuroscience, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian Soriano
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, USA
| | | | - Oscar Pan
- Amgen British Columbia, Burnaby, Canada
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9
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Abstract
p53 target promoters are structurally diverse and display pronounced differences in RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) occupancy even in unstressed cells, with higher levels observed on cell cycle arrest genes (p21) compared with apoptotic genes (Fas/APO1). This occupancy correlates well with their ability to undergo rapid or delayed stress induction. To understand the basis for such distinct temporal assembly of transcription complexes, we examined the role of core promoter structures in this process. We find that the p21 core promoter directs rapid, TATA box-dependent assembly of RNAP II preinitiation complexes (PICs), but permits few rounds of RNAP II reinitiation. In contrast, PIC formation at the Fas/APO1 core promoter is very inefficient but supports multiple rounds of transcription. We define a downstream element within the Fas/APO1 core promoter that is essential for its activation, and identify nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) as its binding partner. NF-Y acts as a bifunctional transcription factor that regulates basal expression of Fas/APO1 in vivo. Thus, two critical parameters of the stress-induced p53 transcriptional response are the kinetics of gene induction and duration of expression through frequent reinitiation. These features are intrinsic, DNA-encoded properties of diverse core promoters that may be fundamental to anticipatory programming of p53 response genes upon stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Morachis
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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10
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Abstract
The Siah proteins, mammalian homologues of the Drosophila Sina protein, function as ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase enzymes to target a wide range of cellular proteins for degradation. We report here a novel Drosophila protein that is homologous to Sina, named Sina-Homologue (SinaH). We show that it can direct the degradation of the transcriptional repressor Tramtrack (Ttk) using two different mechanisms. One is similar to Sina and requires the adaptor Phyllopod, and the other is a novel mechanism of recognition. This novel mode of targeting for degradation is specific for the 69-kDa Ttk isoform, Ttk69. Ttk69 contains a region that is required for binding of SinaH and for SinaH-directed degradation. This region contains an AXVXP motif, which is the consensus sequence found in Siah substrate proteins. These results suggest that degradation directed by SinaH differs from that directed by Sina and is more similar to that found in vertebrates. We speculate that SinaH may be involved in regulating the levels of developmentally important transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Cooper
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom.
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Best JL, Amezcua CA, Mayr B, Flechner L, Murawsky CM, Emerson B, Zor T, Gardner KH, Montminy M. Identification of small-molecule antagonists that inhibit an activator: coactivator interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:17622-7. [PMID: 15585582 PMCID: PMC539725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406374101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) at Ser-133 in response to hormonal stimuli triggers cellular gene expression via the recruitment of the histone acetylase coactivator paralogs CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300 to the promoter. The NMR structure of the CREB:CBP complex, using relevant interaction domains called KID and KIX, respectively, reveals a shallow hydrophobic groove on the surface of KIX that accommodates an amphipathic helix in phospho (Ser-133) KID. Using an NMR-based screening approach on a preselected small-molecule library, we identified several compounds that bind to different surfaces on KIX. One of these, KG-501 (2-naphthol-AS-E-phosphate), targeted a surface distal to the CREB binding groove that includes Arg-600, a residue that is required for the CREB:CBP interaction. When added to live cells, KG-501 disrupted the CREB: CBP complex and attenuated target gene induction in response to cAMP agonist. These results demonstrate the ability of small molecules to interfere with second-messenger signaling cascades by inhibiting specific protein-protein interactions in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Best
- Department of Peptide Biology and Regulatory Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA
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Baonza A, Murawsky CM, Travers AA, Freeman M. Pointed and Tramtrack69 establish an EGFR-dependent transcriptional switch to regulate mitosis. Nat Cell Biol 2002; 4:976-80. [PMID: 12447387 DOI: 10.1038/ncb887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2002] [Revised: 10/21/2002] [Accepted: 10/21/2002] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell division in animals must be regulated; during development, for example, proliferation often occurs in spatially and temporally restricted patterns, and loss of mitotic control underlies cancer. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated extensively in the control of cell proliferation in metazoans; in addition, hyperactivity of the EGFR and its three relatives, ErbB2-ErbB4, are implicated in many cancers. But little is known about how these receptor tyrosine kinases regulate the cell cycle. In the developing Drosophila melanogaster imaginal eye disc, there is a single patterned mitosis that sweeps across the eye disc epithelium in the third larval instar. This 'second mitotic wave' is triggered by EGFR signalling and depends on expression of String, the Drosophila homologue of Cdc25 phosphatase, the ultimate regulator of mitosis in all eukaryotic cells. Here we show that two antagonistic transcriptional regulators, Pointed, an activator, and Tramtrack69, a repressor, directly regulate the transcription of string. The activity of at least one of these regulators, Pointed, is controlled by EGFR signalling. This establishes a molecular mechanism for how intercellular signalling can control string expression, and thereby cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Baonza
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
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Murawsky CM, Brehm A, Badenhorst P, Lowe N, Becker PB, Travers AA. Tramtrack69 interacts with the dMi-2 subunit of the Drosophila NuRD chromatin remodelling complex. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:1089-94. [PMID: 11743021 PMCID: PMC1084170 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
dMi-2, the ATPase subunit of the Drosophila nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylation (dNuRD) complex, was identified in a two-hybrid screen as an interacting partner of the transcriptional repressor, Tramtrack69 (Ttk69). A short region of Ttk69 is sufficient to mediate this interaction. Ttk69, but not the Ttk88 isoform, co-purifies with the dNuRD complex isolated from embryo extracts. dMi-2 and Ttk69 co-immunoprecipitate from embryonic extracts, indicating that they can associate in vivo. Both dMi-2 and Ttk69 co-localize at a number of discrete sites on polytene chromosomes, showing that they bind common target loci. We also demonstrate that dMi-2 and Ttk interact genetically, indicating a functional interaction in vivo. We propose that Ttk69 represses some target genes by remodelling chromatin structure through the recruitment of the dNuRD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Murawsky
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK
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