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Lei H, Wang J, Sun Y, Wu Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang X. Thermally activated persulfate (TAP)-enhanced tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate removal in real-world waters based on a response-surface approach as well as toxicological evaluation on its degradation products. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115924. [PMID: 38171103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As a typical organophosphorus flame retardant, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is refractory in aqueous environment. The application of TAP is a promising method for removing pollutants. Herein, the removal of TCEP using TAP was rigorously investigated, and the effects of some key variables were optimized by the one-factor-at-a-time approach. To further evaluate the interactions among variables, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design was employed. Under optimized conditions (pH 5, [PS]0: [TCEP]0 = 500:1), the maximum removal efficiency (RE) of TCEP reached up to 90.6%. In real-world waters, the RE of TCEP spanned the range of 56%- 65% in river water, pond water, lake water and sanitary sewage. The low-concentration Cl- (0.1 mM) promoted TCEP degradation, but the contrary case occurred when the high-concentration Cl-, NO3-, CO32-, HCO3-, HPO42-, H2PO4-, NH4+ and humic acid were present owing to their prominently quenching effects on SO4•-. Both EPR and scavenger experiments revealed that the main radicals in the TAP system were SO4•- and •OH, in which SO4•- played the most crucial role in TCEP degradation. GC-MS/MS analysis disclosed that two degradation products appeared, sourcing from the replacement, oxidation, hydroxylation and water-molecule elimination reactions. The other two products were inferred from the comprehensive literature. As for acute toxicity to fish, daphnid and green algae, product A displayed the slightly higher toxicity, whereas other three products exhibited the declining toxicity as compared to their parent molecule. These findings offer a theoretical/practical reference for high-efficiency removal of TCEP and its ecotoxicological risk evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Lei
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yueying Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhijuan Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99, Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Bhat N, Nutho B, Hanpaibool C, Hadsadee S, Vangnai A, Rungrotmongkol T. Molecular binding of different classes of organophosphates to methyl parathion hydrolase from Ochrobactrum species. Proteins 2024; 92:96-105. [PMID: 37646471 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) is an enzyme of the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily, which hydrolyses a wide range of organophosphates (OPs). Recently, MPH has attracted attention as a promising enzymatic bioremediator. The crystal structure of MPH enzyme shows a dimeric form, with each subunit containing a binuclear metal ion center. MPH also demonstrates metal ion-dependent selectivity patterns. The origins of these patterns remain unclear but are linked to open questions about the more general role of metal ions in functional evolution and divergence within enzyme superfamilies. We aimed to investigate and compare the binding of different OP pesticides to MPH with cobalt(II) metal ions. In this study, MPH was modeled from Ochrobactrum sp. with different OP pesticides bound, including methyl paraoxon and dichlorvos and profenofos. The docked structures for each substrate optimized by DFT calculation were selected and subjected to atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for 500 ns. It was found that alpha metal ions did not coordinate with all the pesticides. Rather, the pesticides coordinated with less buried beta metal ions. It was also observed that the coordination of beta metal ions was perturbed to accommodate the pesticides. The binding free energy calculations and structure-based pharmacophore model revealed that all the three substrates could bind well at the active site. However, profenofos exhibit a stronger binding affinity to MPH in comparison to the other two substrates. Therefore, our findings provide molecular insight on the binding of different OP pesticides which could help us design the enzyme for OP pesticides degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Bhat
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonnikan Hanpaibool
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Hadsadee
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa Vangnai
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nicaretta JE, Ferreira LL, de Cavalcante ASDA, Zapa DMB, Heller LM, Trindade ASN, de Morais IML, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, da Silva FLV, de Aquino LM, Couto LFM, Soares VE, Monteiro CMO, Lopes WDZ. Influence of the acaricide emulsion pH on the effectiveness of spray products to control the cattle tick: laboratory and field investigations. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2267-2278. [PMID: 37493957 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The current work evaluated the efficacy of 10 commercial acaricides in different pHs (4.5, 5.5, and 6.5) in laboratory (adult immersion tests (AIT), pH evaluation over time) and field assays (tick counts and efficacy). In the AIT (n=70), higher efficacies were obtained when the acaricide emulsion had a more acidic pH (4.5), mainly for two combinations of pyrethroids + organophosphate (acaricide 3 and acaricide 9). For amidine, a higher pH (6.5) showed a higher efficacy. Over time, there was a trend in the pH of these emulsions increasing. When the efficacy of chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin + piperonyl butoxide (acaricide 3) at different pHs was evaluated over time (0, 6, 12, and 24h) by AIT, the less acidic pH (6.5) showed a strongly variation in the acaricide efficacy range. The mean pH of the water samples from different regions of Brazil was 6.5. In the field, the association of pyrethroid + organophosphates (acaricide 9) with pH of 4.5 and 5.5 were more effective in tick control than the emulsion prepared with this same spray formulation at pH 6.5. The pH of the acaricide emulsions is an important point of attention and is recommended that the veterinary industry start to develop/share information regarding how the pH can affect the acaricide efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Eduardo Nicaretta
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Dina María Beltrán Zapa
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maffini Heller
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ferreira Salvador
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Francisca Letícia Vale da Silva
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lídia Mendes de Aquino
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Monteiro Couto
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Márcio Oliveira Monteiro
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Belinskaia DA, Koryagina NL, Goncharov NV, Savelieva EI. Structure-Dependent Mechanism of Organophosphate Release from Albumin and Butyrylcholinesterase Adducts When Exposed to Fluoride Ion: A Comprehensive In Silico Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14819. [PMID: 37834267 PMCID: PMC10573431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most favorable targets for retrospectively determining human exposure to organophosphorus pesticides, insecticides, retardants, and other industrial organophosphates (OPs) are adducts of OPs with blood plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and human serum albumin (HSA). One of the methods for determining OP exposure is the reactivation of modified BChE using a concentrated solution of KF in an acidic medium. It is known that under the action of fluoride ion, OPs or their fluoroanhydrides can be released not only from BChE adducts but also from the adducts with albumin; however, the contribution of albumin to the total pool of released OPs after plasma treatment with KF has not yet been studied. The efficiency of OP release can be affected by many factors associated with the experimental technique, but first, the structure of the adduct must be taken into account. We report a comparative analysis of the structure and conformation of organophosphorus adducts on HSA and BChE using molecular modeling methods and the mechanism of OP release after fluoride ion exposure. The conformational analysis of the organophosphorus adducts on HSA and BChE was performed, and the interaction of fluoride ions with modified proteins was studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The geometric and energy characteristics of the studied adducts and their complexes with fluoride ion were calculated using molecular mechanics and semiempirical approaches. The structural features of modified HSA and BChE that can affect the efficiency of OP release after fluoride ion exposure were revealed. Using the proposed approach, the expediency of using KF for establishing exposure to different OPs, depending on their structure, can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Koryagina
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Bld.93 p.o. Kuz’molovsky, 188663 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Savelieva
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, Bld.93 p.o. Kuz’molovsky, 188663 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Sun D, Wang X, Ji Q, Yang S, He H, Li S, Xu C, Qi C, Song H, Liu Y. Heterogeneous Fenton-like removal of tri(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate by ilmenite (FeTiO 3): Kinetic, degradation mechanism and toxic assessment. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135915. [PMID: 35977577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tri(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), a common organophosphate flame retardant, was frequently detected in the environment and posed threats to human health. In this work, the main component of ilmenite FeTiO3 was synthesized by the sol-gel method and employed as the catalyst for the degradation of TCPP by activating persulfate (PS) under UV irradiation. The degradation processes were fitted by the pseudo-first-order kinetic. The kobs value in UV/FeTiO3/PS system was up to 0.0056 min-1 and much higher than that in UV/PS (0.0014 min-1), UV/FeTiO3 (0.0012 min-1) and FeTiO3/PS (0.0016 min-1) systems, demonstrating a distinct synergistic effect in TCPP removal. The degradation efficiency of TCPP increased with the increase of UV intensity, PS concentration and catalyst dosage, and with the decrease of pH. By quenching experiment and EPR analysis, ·OH was confirmed to be the dominant radical in the reaction of the UV/FeTiO3/PS system. The possible degradation pathways of TCPP were dechlorination, dealkylation, and further oxidation of alkyl groups based on the theoretical calculation of frontier molecular orbits. The toxicity of degradation intermediates evaluated by luminescence inhibition rate of photoluminescence was higher than TCPP. Thus, TCPP can be degraded in the UV/FeTiO3/PS system effectively at the premise of introducing controlling measures to reduce the toxicity of degradation intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunyu Sun
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, PR China
| | - Qiuyi Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Chenmin Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Chengdu Qi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Haiou Song
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Yazi Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China.
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Zhao H, Liu G, Liu Y, Liu X, Wang H, Chen H, Gao J, Jiang Y. Metal Nanoparticles@Covalent Organic Framework@Enzymes: A Universal Platform for Fabricating a Metal-Enzyme Integrated Nanocatalyst. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:2881-2892. [PMID: 34985854 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cascade catalysis that combines chemical catalysis and biocatalysis has received extensive attention in recent years, especially the integration of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) with enzymes. However, the compatibility between MNPs and enzymes, and the stability of the integrated nanocatalyst should be improved to promote the application. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a strategy to space-separately co-immobilize MNPs and enzymes to the pores and surface of a highly stable covalent organic framework (COF), respectively. Typically, Pd NPs that were prepared by in situ reduction with triazinyl as the nucleation site were distributed in COF (Tz-Da), and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) was immobilized on the surface of Tz-Da by a covalent method to improve its stability. The obtained integrated nanocatalyst Pd@Tz-Da@OPH showed high catalytic efficiency and reusability in the cascade degradation of organophosphate nerve agents. Furthermore, the versatility of the preparation strategy of COF-based integrated nanocatalyst has been preliminarily expanded: (1) Pd NPs and OPH were immobilized in the triazinyl COF (TTB-DHBD) with different pore sizes for cascade degradation of organophosphate nerve agent and the particle size of MNPs can be regulated. (2) Pt NPs and glucose oxidase were immobilized in COF (Tz-Da) to obtain an integrated nanocatalyst for efficient colorimetric detection of phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yunting Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xilin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Hanxi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Huaxun Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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7
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Yasuno Y, Nakayama A, Saito K, Kitsuwa K, Okamura H, Komeyama M, Hemmi H, Shinada T. Total Synthesis and Structure Confirmation of trans-Anhydromevalonate-5-phosphate, a Key Biosynthetic Intermediate of the Archaeal Mevalonate Pathway. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2749-2754. [PMID: 34597517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is an upstream terpenoid biosynthetic route of terpenoids for providing the two five-carbon units, dimethylallyl diphosphate, and isopentenyl diphosphate. Recently, trans-anhydromevalonate-5-phosphate (tAHMP) was isolated as a new biosynthetic intermediate of the archaeal mevalonate pathway. In this study, we would like to report the first synthesis of tAHMP and its enzymatic transformation using one of the key enzymes, mevalonate-5-phosphate dehydratase from a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix. Starting from methyl tetrolate, a Cu-catalyzed allylation provided an E-trisubstituted olefin in a stereoselective manner. The resulting E-olefin was transformed to tAHMP by cleavage of the olefin and phosphorylation. The structure of the synthetic tAHMP was unambiguously determined by NOESY analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kai Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kohei Kitsuwa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hironori Okamura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Komeyama
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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Cobb DA, Smith N, Deodhar S, Bade AN, Gautam N, Shetty BLD, McMillan J, Alnouti Y, Cohen SM, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. Transformation of tenofovir into stable ProTide nanocrystals with long-acting pharmacokinetic profiles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5458. [PMID: 34531390 PMCID: PMC8445934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection was transformed through widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, ART has limitations in requiring life-long daily adherence. Such limitations have led to the creation of long-acting (LA) ART. While nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) remain the ART backbone, to the best of our knowledge, none have been converted into LA agents. To these ends, we transformed tenofovir (TFV) into LA surfactant stabilized aqueous prodrug nanocrystals (referred to as NM1TFV and NM2TFV), enhancing intracellular drug uptake and retention. A single intramuscular injection of NM1TFV, NM2TFV, or a nanoformulated tenofovir alafenamide (NTAF) at 75 mg/kg TFV equivalents to Sprague Dawley rats sustains active TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels ≥ four times the 90% effective dose for two months. NM1TFV, NM2TFV and NTAF elicit TFV-DP levels of 11,276, 1,651, and 397 fmol/g in rectal tissue, respectively. These results are a significant step towards a LA TFV ProTide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Suyash Deodhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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9
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Chernicharo FCS, Modesto-Costa L, Borges I. Simulation of the electron ionization mass spectra of the Novichok nerve agent. J Mass Spectrom 2021; 56:e4779. [PMID: 34407561 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novichok is one of the most feared and controversial nerve agents, which existence was confirmed only after the Salisbury attack in 2018. A new attack on August 2020, in Russia, was confirmed. After the 2018 attack, the agent was included in the list of the most dangerous chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). However, information related to its electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI/MS), essential for unambiguous identification, is scarce. Therefore, investigations about Novichok EI/MS are urgent. In this work, we employed Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics through the Quantum Chemistry Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry (QCEIMS) method to simulate and rationalize the EI/MS spectra and fragmentation pathways of 32 Novichok molecules recently incorporated into the CWC. The comparison of additional simulations with the measured EI spectrum of another Novichok analog is very favorable. A general scheme of the fragmentation pathways derived from simulation results was presented. The present results will be useful for elucidation and prediction of the EI spectra and fragmentation pathways of the dangerous Novichok nerve agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Modesto-Costa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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10
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Fostemsavir Tromethamine. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 77:1924-7. [PMID: 32936234 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Koller M, Thiermann H, Worek F, Wille T. Release of protein-bound nerve agents by excess fluoride from whole blood: GC-MS/MS method development, validation, and application to a real-life denatured blood sample. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122693. [PMID: 34171608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In analogy to the fluoride-induced regeneration of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibited by nerve agents a method was developed and optimized for whole blood samples. Compared to the plasma method, regeneration grade was found to be higher for cyclosarin (GF), i-butylsarin from VR, and n-butylsarin from CVX, but lower for sarin (GB), fluorotabun from tabun (GA), and ethylsarin from VX. Regeneration grade of soman (GD) is the same for both matrices because it is released from serum albumin and not from cholinesterases. The method was fully validated for GB and GF to prove selectivity, linearity (n = 6), limit of determination (LOD1), reproducibility (within day (n = 8) and from day to day (n = 8)), effectiveness of extraction, matrix effect, and sample stability (after sample preparation and during three freeze/thaw cycles). The other agents were tested for selectivity, linearity (n = 2), limit of determination, and stability after sample preparation. The method showed high selectivity, good linearity up to the protein's saturation concentration (GB: R2 = 0.9995, GF: 0.9968), and high reproducibility (GB: C.V. 5.9-13.7%, GF: 4.9-10.3%). The limits of determination (calculated from the spiked amount of the original agent) were found with 0.3 ng/mL VX, 0.5 ng/mL GB, 1 ng/mL VR, 0.5 ng/mL GA, 1 ng/mL CVX, and 8 ng/mL GD. In the case of GF, it was found with 4 ng/mL using Isolute ENV + SPE cartridges as for the other analytes and with 2.5 ng/mL using Isolute C8 EC SPE cartridges instead. This method was then applied to a denatured whole blood sample obtained from an individual exposed to GB. While previously only the GB metabolite isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) could be detected in this blood sample it was now possible to successfully release GB from the blood proteins by excess fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Koller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
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12
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Choi Y, Kim SD. Identification and Toxicity Prediction of Biotransformation Molecules of Organophosphate Flame Retardants by Microbial Reactions in a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105376. [PMID: 34065337 PMCID: PMC8160787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are substances added to plastics, textiles, and furniture, and are used as alternatives to brominated flame retardants. As the use of OPFRs increases in the manufacturing industry, the concentration in the aquatic environment is also increasing. In this study, OPFRs introduced into a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were identified, and the toxicity of biotransformation molecules generated by the biological reaction was predicted. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate were selected as research analytes. Chemicals were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry, and toxicity was predicted according to the structure. As a result, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate showed the highest concentration, and the removal rate of OPFRs in the WWTP was 0–57%. A total of 15 biotransformation products were produced by microorganisms in the WWTP. Most of the biotransformation products were predicted to be less toxic than the parent compound, but some were highly toxic. These biotransformation products, as well as OPFRs, could flow into the water from the WWTP and affect the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeowool Choi
- Convergence Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Sang Don Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Center for Chemicals Risk Assessment, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Correspondence:
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13
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Del Gaudio I, Hunter-Sellars E, Parkin IP, Williams D, Da Ros S, Curran K. Water sorption and diffusion in cellulose acetate: The effect of plasticisers. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118185. [PMID: 34119153 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The conservation of cellulose acetate plastics in museum collections presents a significant challenge, due to the material's instability. Several studies have led to an understanding of the role of relative humidity (RH) and temperature in the decay process. It is well established that a major decay mechanism in cellulose acetate museum objects is the loss of plasticiser, and that the main decay mechanism of the polymer chain involves hydrolysis reactions. This leads to the loss of sidechain groups and the breakdown of the main polymer backbone. However, interactions between these decay mechanisms, specifically the way in which the loss of plasticiser can modify the interaction between cellulose acetate and water, has not yet been investigated. This research addresses the role of RH, studying the sorption and diffusion of water in cellulose acetate and how this interaction can be affected by plasticiser concentration using Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Del Gaudio
- Institute Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - Elwin Hunter-Sellars
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Faculty of Maths & Physical Sciences, University College London, Gower St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., Unit 5, Wharfside Rosemont Road, Alperton, London HA0 4PE, United Kingdom
| | - Simoní Da Ros
- Institute Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Curran
- Institute Sustainable Heritage, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, United Kingdom
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14
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Lai YT. Small Molecule HIV-1 Attachment Inhibitors: Discovery, Mode of Action and Structural Basis of Inhibition. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050843. [PMID: 34066522 PMCID: PMC8148533 DOI: 10.3390/v13050843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral entry into host cells is a critical step in the viral life cycle. HIV-1 entry is mediated by the sole surface envelope glycoprotein Env and is initiated by the interaction between Env and the host receptor CD4. This interaction, referred to as the attachment step, has long been considered an attractive target for inhibitor discovery and development. Fostemsavir, recently approved by the FDA, represents the first-in-class drug in the attachment inhibitor class. This review focuses on the discovery of temsavir (the active compound of fostemsavir) and analogs, mechanistic studies that elucidated the mode of action, and structural studies that revealed atomic details of the interaction between HIV-1 Env and attachment inhibitors. Challenges associated with emerging resistance mutations to the attachment inhibitors and the development of next-generation attachment inhibitors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Lai
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Liu B, Wang B, Yan Y, Tang K, Ding CF. Efficient separation of phosphopeptides employing a Ti/Nb-functionalized core-shell structure solid-phase extraction nanosphere. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:32. [PMID: 33415462 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for effectively enriching global phosphopeptides was successfully developed by using ammonia methyl phosphate (APA) as a novel chelating ligand and Ti4+ and Nb5+ as double functional ions (referred to as Fe3O4@mSiO2@APA@Ti4+/Nb5+). With the advantage of large specific surface area (151.1 m2/g), preeminent immobilized ability for metal ions (about 8% of total atoms), and unbiased enrichment towards phosphopeptides, Fe3O4@mSiO2@APA@Ti4+/Nb5+ displays high selectivity (maximum mass ratio β-casein to BSA is 1:1500), low limit of detection (LOD, as low as 0.05 fmol), good relative standard deviation (RSD, lower than 7%), recovery rate of 87% (18O isotope labeling method), outstanding phosphopeptide loading capacity (330 μg/mg), and at least five times re-use abilities. In the examination of the actual sample, 24 phosphopeptides were successfully detected in saliva and 4 phosphopeptides were also selectively extracted from human serum. All experiments have shown that Fe3O4@mSiO2@APA@Ti4+/Nb5+ exhibits exciting potential in view of the challenge of low abundance of phosphopeptides. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baichun Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Keqi Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Ganta PB, Kühn O, Ahmed AA. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Interaction between Organic Phosphates and Goethite. Molecules 2020; 26:E160. [PMID: 33396506 PMCID: PMC7795625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Today's fertilizers rely heavily on mining phosphorus (P) rocks. These rocks are known to become exhausted in near future, and therefore effective P use is crucial to avoid food shortage. A substantial amount of P from fertilizers gets adsorbed onto soil minerals to become unavailable to plants. Understanding P interaction with these minerals would help efforts that improve P efficiency. To this end, we performed a molecular level analysis of the interaction of common organic P compounds (glycerolphosphate (GP) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP)) with the abundant soil mineral (goethite) in presence of water. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed for goethite-IHP/GP-water complexes using the multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method. Results show that GP forms monodentate (M) and bidentate mononuclear (B) motifs with B being more stable than M. IHP interacts through multiple phosphate groups with the 3M motif being most stable. The order of goethite-IHP/GP interaction energies is GP M < GP B < IHP M < IHP 3M. Water is important in these interactions as multiple proton transfers occur and hydrogen bonds are formed between goethite-IHP/GP complexes and water. We also present theoretically calculated infrared spectra which match reasonably well with frequencies reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth B. Ganta
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, D-18059 Rostock, Germany; (P.B.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, D-18059 Rostock, Germany; (P.B.G.); (O.K.)
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ashour A. Ahmed
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, D-18059 Rostock, Germany; (P.B.G.); (O.K.)
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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17
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Yan VC, Pham CD, Arthur K, Yang KL, Muller FL. Aliphatic amines are viable pro-drug moieties in phosphonoamidate drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127656. [PMID: 33130289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate and phosphonates containing a single PN bond are frequently used pro-drug motifs to improve cell permeability of these otherwise anionic moieties. Upon entry into the cell, the PN bond is cleaved by phosphoramidases to release the active agent. Here, we apply a novel mono-amidation strategy to our laboratory's phosphonate-containing glycolysis inhibitor and show that a diverse panel of phosphonoamidates may be rapidly generated for in vitro screening. We show that, in contrast to the canonical l-alanine or benzylamine moieties which have previously been reported as efficacious pro-drug moieties, small and long-chain aliphatic amines demonstrate greater drug release efficacy for our phosphonate inhibitor. These results expand the scope of possible amine pro-drugs that can be used as second pro-drug leave groups for phosphate or phosphonate-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Yan
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Cong-Dat Pham
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Kenisha Arthur
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kristine L Yang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Florian L Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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18
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Son Y, Lee YM, Zoh KD. Kinetics and degradation mechanism of tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate in the UV/H 2O 2 reaction. Chemosphere 2020; 260:127461. [PMID: 32673865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) is a chlorinated organic phosphate used in various applications as a flame retardant and plasticizer. TCPP is a known suspected carcinogen and is not effectively removed by traditional water treatments such as biological, chlorination, and UV irradiation. In this study, the UV/H2O2 reaction was employed to degrade TCPP in water. TCPP was effectively degraded in the UV/H2O2 reaction by pseudofirst-order kinetics. The second-order rate constant of the reaction between the TCPP and OH radical was determined to be 4.35 (±0.13) × 108 M-1 s-1 using the competition kinetics with nitrobenzene as a reference compound. The degradation of TCPP was affected by the amount of H2O2, pH, and coexisting water components such as HCO3-, NO3-, and humic acid. Approximately 64.2% of total organic carbon (TOC) in TCPP was mineralized in 12 h during the UV/H2O2 reaction, whereas chloride (Cl-) and phosphate (PO43-) ions were identified as ionic byproducts with the recoveries of 96% chlorine (Cl) and 50% phosphorus (P). Five organic transformation products (TPs) of TCPP were also identified using LC-qTOF/MS. Considering the identified TPs, the main degradation pathway of TCPP during the UV/H2O2 reaction was found to be OH-radical-induced hydroxylation. Finally, a 70% decrease in bioluminescence inhibition in Vibrio fischeri was observed during the UV/H2O2 reaction, and the time-toxicity profile was similar to the time-peak area profile of TPs. The result of this study implies that TCPP can be efficiently removed with significant mineralization and toxicity reduction by the UV/H2O2 process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjo Son
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Institute of Health & Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Institute of Health & Environment, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Buglak AA, Samokhvalov AV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Methods and Applications of In Silico Aptamer Design and Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8420. [PMID: 33182550 PMCID: PMC7698023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are nucleic acid analogues of antibodies with high affinity to different targets, such as cells, viruses, proteins, inorganic materials, and coenzymes. Empirical approaches allow the design of in vitro aptamers that bind particularly to a target molecule with high affinity and selectivity. Theoretical methods allow significant expansion of the possibilities of aptamer design. In this study, we review theoretical and joint theoretical-experimental studies dedicated to aptamer design and modeling. We consider aptamers with different targets, such as proteins, antibiotics, organophosphates, nucleobases, amino acids, and drugs. During nucleic acid modeling and in silico design, a full set of in silico methods can be applied, such as docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and statistical analysis. The typical modeling workflow starts with structure prediction. Then, docking of target and aptamer is performed. Next, MD simulations are performed, which allows for an evaluation of the stability of aptamer/ligand complexes and determination of the binding energies with higher accuracy. Then, aptamer/ligand interactions are analyzed, and mutations of studied aptamers made. Subsequently, the whole procedure of molecular modeling can be reiterated. Thus, the interactions between aptamers and their ligands are complex and difficult to understand using only experimental approaches. Docking and MD are irreplaceable when aptamers are studied in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Buglak
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
- Physical Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya naberezhnaya, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Samokhvalov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.S.); (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
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20
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Wang Q, Parish C, Niedbalski P, Ratnakar J, Kovacs Z, Lumata L. Hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP complex as a chemical shift-based NMR sensor for pH at the physiological range. J Magn Reson 2020; 320:106837. [PMID: 33039915 PMCID: PMC7895333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Yttrium (III) complexes are interesting due to the similarity of their chemistry with gadolinium complexes that are used as contrast agents in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or imaging (MRI). While most of the paramagnetic Gd3+-based MRI contrast agents are T1 or T2 relaxation-based sensors such as Gd3+-complexes for zinc or pH detection, a number of diamagnetic Y3+-complexes rely on changes in the chemical shift for potential quantitative MRI in biological milieu. 89Y, however, is a challenging nucleus to work with in conventional NMR or MRI due to its inherently low sensitivity and relatively long T1 relaxation time. This insensitivity problem in 89Y-based complexes can be circumvented with the use of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) which allows for several thousand-fold enhancement of the NMR or MRI signal relative to thermal equilibrium signal. Herein, we report on the feasibility of using hyperpolarized 89Y-complexes with phosphonated open-chain ligands, 89Y-EDTMP and 89Y-DTPMP, as potential chemical shift-based pH NMR sensors. Our DNP-NMR data show that hyperpolarized 89Y-DTPMP has an apparent pKa ~ 7.01 with a 4 ppm-wide chemical shift dispersion with the signal disappearing at pH below 6.2. On the other hand, pH titration data on hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP show that it has an apparent pKa of pH 6.7 and a 16-ppm wide chemical shift dispersion at pH 5-9 range. In comparison, the previously reported hyperpolarized pH NMR sensor 89Y-DOTP has a pKa of 7.64 and ~ 10-ppm wide chemical shift dispersion at pH 4-9 range. Overall, our data suggest that hyperpolarized 89Y-EDTMP is better than hyperpolarized 89Y-DOTP in terms of pH sensing capability at the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Christopher Parish
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Peter Niedbalski
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - James Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 750390, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 750390, USA.
| | - Lloyd Lumata
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
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21
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Bordbar MM, Nguyen TA, Arduini F, Bagheri H. A paper-based colorimetric sensor array for discrimination and simultaneous determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in tap water, apple juice, and rice. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:621. [PMID: 33084996 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A colorimetric paper-based sensor is proposed for the rapid monitoring of six major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. The assay was constructed by dropping gold and silver nanoparticles on the hydrophilic zones of a paper substrate. The nanoparticles were modified by L-arginine, quercetin, and polyglutamic acid. The mechanism of sensing is based on the interaction between the pesticide and the nanoparticles. The color of nanoparticles changed during the interactions. A digital camera recorded these changes. The assay provided a unique response for each studied pesticide. This method can determine six individual pesticides including carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos. The limit of detection for these pesticides were 29.0, 22.0, 32.0, 17.0, 45.0, and 36.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The assay was applied to simultaneously determine the six studied pesticides in a mixture using the partial least square method (PLS). The root mean square errors of prediction were 11, 8.7, 9.2, 10, 12, and 11 for carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The paper-based device can differentiate two types of studied pesticide (organophosphate and carbamate) as well as two types of organophosphate structures (oxon and thion). Furthermore, this sensor showed high selectivity to the pesticides in the presence of other potential species (e.g., metal ions, anions, amino acids, sugar, and vitamins). This assay is capable of determining the pesticide compounds in tap water, apple juice, and rice samples.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tien Anh Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang M, Song H, Zheng C, Lin Z, Liu Y, Wu W, Gao X. Highly efficient recovery of molybdenum from spent catalyst by an optimized process. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2020; 70:971-979. [PMID: 32633619 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1792377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of spent catalyst in an economical and green way has become a great concern for industrial production. We developed a process including acid leaching, solvent extraction and stripping in order to recycle spent catalyst. In this study, we conducted selective recovery of molybdenum through focus on finding an optimized extraction and stripping process by comparing different extractants and stripping agents. To separate molybdenum from other metals efficiently and figure out the mechanism of extraction process, the five different extractants of methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride, tri-n-octylamine, tris (2-ethylhexyl) amine, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, and tributyl phosphate with different functional groups were examined; the extraction ability and extraction mechanism of these five extractants were systematically studied under the same system for the first time. It was found that more than 98% of the molybdenum could be extracted with an organic phase consisting of tri-n-octylamine or methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride under the optimal conditions. The result indicated that the tri-n-octylamine and methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride possess excellent molybdenum extraction ability, the extraction capacity of the rest extractants was in the order of bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate > tris (2-ethylhexyl) amine > tributyl phosphate. In the stripping process, NH4OH, NaOH, and H2SO4 were chosen as stripping agent to strip the molybdenum from the loaded tri-n-octylamine organic phase. The stripping ability of the three studied stripping agents was in the order NaOH > NH4OH > H2SO4. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the structure of the tri-n-octylamine organic phase was stable during the extraction and stripping process. Results showed that molybdenum could be highly and efficiently recovered by optimized extraction and stripping process. Implications: A series of different extractants and stripping agent have been systematically studied in order to compare their extraction and stripping ability under the same system. Based on the obtained results, an optimized extraction and stripping process was proposed to recycle molybdenum from spent catalyst efficiently. It is possible to dispose spent catalysts in an economic and environmental way by this developed metal recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, State Environmental Protection Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution Control, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Kalugin AE, Minyaev ME, Puntus LN, Taydakov IV, Varaksina EA, Lyssenko KA, Nifant’ev IE, Roitershtein DM. Diarylphosphate as a New Route for Design of Highly Luminescent Ln Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173934. [PMID: 32872237 PMCID: PMC7504456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate-chloride complexes [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3-O)2POO}2LnCl(CH3OH)4]·2CH3OH, Ln = Nd (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), and Tb (4) have been obtained and structurally characterized. Their reaction with 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine leads to the formation of 1:1 adducts ([{(2,6-iPr2C6H3-O)2POO}2LnCl(terpy)(H2O)2(CH3OH)], Ln = Eu (5), Gd (6), Tb (7) with exception of Nd, where tris-diisopropylphenylphosphate complex [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3-O)2POO}3Nd) (terpy)(H2O)(CH3OH)] (8) was obtained due to the ligand metathesis. A bright luminescence observed for the Eu and Tb organophosphate complexes is the first example of an application of organophosphate ligands for 4f-ions luminescence sensitization. Photophysical properties of all complexes were analyzed by optical spectroscopy and an energy transfer scheme was discussed. A combination of two types of ligands into the coordination sphere (phosphate and phenanthroline) allows designing the Eu surrounding with very high intrinsic quantum yield QEuEu (0.92) and highly luminescent Ln complexes for both visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Kalugin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.K.); (M.E.M.); (L.N.P.); (E.A.V.); (I.E.N.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141701 Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.K.); (M.E.M.); (L.N.P.); (E.A.V.); (I.E.N.)
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lada N. Puntus
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.K.); (M.E.M.); (L.N.P.); (E.A.V.); (I.E.N.)
- V.A. Kotel’nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, RAS, 141190 Fryazino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Evgenia A. Varaksina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.K.); (M.E.M.); (L.N.P.); (E.A.V.); (I.E.N.)
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.K.); (M.E.M.); (L.N.P.); (E.A.V.); (I.E.N.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitrii M. Roitershtein
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.K.); (M.E.M.); (L.N.P.); (E.A.V.); (I.E.N.)
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-916-373-3507
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24
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Wong PT, Tang S, Cannon J, Yang K, Harrison R, Ruge M, O'Konek JJ, Choi SK. Shielded α-Nucleophile Nanoreactor for Topical Decontamination of Reactive Organophosphate. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:33500-33515. [PMID: 32603588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a nanoscale reactor strategy with a topical application in the therapeutic decontamination of reactive organophosphates (OPs) as chemical threat agents. It involves functionalization of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer through a combination of its partial PEG shielding and exhaustive conjugation with an OP-reactive α-nucleophile moiety at its peripheral branches. We prepared a 16-member library composed of two α-nucleophile classes (oxime, hydroxamic acid), each varying in its reactor valency (43-176 reactive units per nanoparticle), and linker framework for α-nucleophile tethering. Their mechanism for OP inactivation occurred via nucleophilic catalysis as verified against P-O and P-S bonded OPs including paraoxon-ethyl (POX), malaoxon, and omethoate by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Screening their reactivity for POX inactivation was performed under pH- and temperature-controlled conditions, which resulted in identifying 13 conjugates, each showing shorter POX half-life up to 2 times as compared to a reference Dekon 139 at pH 10.5, 37 °C. Of these, 10 conjugates were further confirmed for greater efficacy in POX decontamination experiments performed in two skin models, porcine skin and an artificial human microtissue. Finally, a few lead conjugates were selected and demonstrated for their biocompatibility in vitro as evident with lack of skin absorption, no inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and no cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells. In summary, this study presents a novel nanoreactor library, its screening methods, and identification of potent lead conjugates with potential for therapeutic OP decontamination.
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Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J, Fang G, Liu J, Wang S. Fluorescent peptide probes for organophosphorus pesticides detection. J Hazard Mater 2020; 389:122074. [PMID: 31978818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in crop protection has aroused worldwidely great concern about safety and the detection of OPs is of great significance to food safety and human health. In this work, peptides attached with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) molecule were synthesized to from an aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probe (TPE-Peptide) for the determination of OPs. The working mechanism was as follows: in presence of OPs, OPs would react with active site serine in the peptide sequence via covalent bond and adducts were formed between OPs and the peptides; once formed, the adducts accelerated the aggregation of peptides, thus inducing strong emission of TPE-Peptide probe. So the adducts formation and the enhanced emission of the TPE-Peptide probe were the key factors for the OPs' sensing. Herein, the adducts formed between OPs and TPE-Peptide probe, the aggregated peptide fibrils were characterized by fluorescence, mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism spectra and confocal fluorescence microscopy etc. This TPE-Peptide probe displayed highly sensitive fluorescence response where OPs' concentrations ranged from 1 to 100 μM with the limit of detection 0.6 μM and also showed selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
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26
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Casanueva-Marenco MJ, Díaz-de-Alba M, Herrera-Armario A, Galindo-Riaño MD, Granado-Castro MD. Design and optimization of a single-use optical sensor based on a polymer inclusion membrane for zinc determination in drinks, food supplement and foot health care products. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 110:110680. [PMID: 32204108 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A single-use optical sensor was designed for Zn(II) determination based on the immobilisation of the colorimetric reagent 2-acetylpyridine benzoylhydrazone (2-APBH) in a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) adhered on the surface of an inert rectangular strip of polyester (Mylar). Different components for the membrane preparation were tested and those resulting in membrane with good appearance, proper physical and optical properties and ease of preparation were selected. Factorial design 23 with three replicates of the central point was applied for the optimisation of the membrane composition. The optimal composition consisted of 2.5 g of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), 4 mL of tributyl phosphate (TBP) and 0.04 g of 2-APBH. The optode showed a linear dynamic range from 0.03 (detection limit) to 1 mg L-1 of Zn(II) ions with a response time of 30 min in aqueous solution at pH 6 and a relative standard deviation of 3.90% for 0.4 mg L-1 of Zn(II). The sensor exhibited good selectivity to Zn(II) over other commonly ions. It was successfully applied to the determination of Zn(II) in a water certified reference material, spiked tap water, vitamin-mineral drink, food supplement and foot health care products, as contribution to the concern about this heavy metal due to its significant role in many biological and physiological processes although toxicant at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Casanueva-Marenco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, ES-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M Díaz-de-Alba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, ES-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - A Herrera-Armario
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, ES-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M D Galindo-Riaño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, ES-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - M D Granado-Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, CEI-MAR, University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, ES-11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Gorecki L, Gerlits O, Kong X, Cheng X, Blumenthal DK, Taylor P, Ballatore C, Kovalevsky A, Radić Z. Rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of uncharged, "smart" bis-oxime antidotes of organophosphate-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4079-4092. [PMID: 32019865 PMCID: PMC7105318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) intoxications from nerve agent and OP pesticide exposures are managed with pyridinium aldoxime-based therapies whose success rates are currently limited. The pyridinium cation hampers uptake of OPs into the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, it frequently binds to aromatic residues of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in orientations that are nonproductive for AChE reactivation, and the structural diversity of OPs impedes efficient reactivation. Improvements of OP antidotes need to include much better access of AChE reactivators to the CNS and optimized orientation of the antidotes' nucleophile within the AChE active-center gorge. On the basis of X-ray structures of a CNS-penetrating reactivator, monoxime RS194B, reversibly bound to native and venomous agent X (VX)-inhibited human AChE, here we created seven uncharged acetamido bis-oximes as candidate antidotes. Both oxime groups in these bis-oximes were attached to the same central, saturated heterocyclic core. Diverse protonation of the heterocyclic amines and oxime groups of the bis-oximes resulted in equilibration among up to 16 distinct ionization forms, including uncharged forms capable of diffusing into the CNS and multiple zwitterionic forms optimal for reactivation reactions. Conformationally diverse zwitterions that could act as structural antidote variants significantly improved in vitro reactivation of diverse OP-human AChE conjugates. Oxime group reorientation of one of the bis-oximes, forcing it to point into the active center for reactivation, was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis. Our findings provide detailed structure-activity properties of several CNS-directed, uncharged aliphatic bis-oximes holding promise for use as protonation-dependent, conformationally adaptive, "smart" accelerated antidotes against OP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0751
| | - Oksana Gerlits
- Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Xiaotian Kong
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Donald K Blumenthal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0751
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0751
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Zoran Radić
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0751.
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Karadsheh R, Meuser ME, Cocklin S. Composition and Orientation of the Core Region of Novel HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors Influences Metabolic Stability. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061430. [PMID: 32245167 PMCID: PMC7144373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fostemsavir/temsavir is an investigational HIV-1 entry inhibitor currently in late-stage clinical trials. Although it holds promise to be a first-in-class Env-targeted entry inhibitor for the clinic, issues with bioavailability relegate its use to salvage therapies only. As such, the development of a small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitor that can be used in standard combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains a longstanding goal for the field. We previously demonstrated the ability of extending the chemotypes available to this class of inhibitor as the first step towards this overarching goal. In addition to poor solubility, metabolic stability is a crucial determinant of bioavailability. Therefore, in this short communication, we assess the metabolic stabilities of five of our novel chemotype entry inhibitors. We found that changing the piperazine core region of temsavir alters the stability of the compound in human liver microsome assays. Moreover, we identified an entry inhibitor with more than twice the metabolic stability of temsavir and demonstrated that the orientation of the core replacement is critical for this increase. This work further demonstrates the feasibility of our long-term goal—to design an entry inhibitor with improved drug-like qualities—and warrants expanded studies to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Cocklin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-762-7234 or +1-215-762-4979; Fax: 215-762-4452
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Yadav IC, Devi NL, Kumar A, Li J, Zhang G. Airborne brominated, chlorinated and organophosphate ester flame retardants inside the buildings of the Indian state of Bihar: Exploration of source and human exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 191:110212. [PMID: 32006868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since many household products used by individuals contain flame retardants (FRs), there is more chance that these chemicals may be present in the various exhibit of the indoor environment. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies worldwide, the contamination level, sources, products, and pathways of FRs in India, is either not known or limited. This inspired us to investigate the level, profile, spatial distribution, and sources of different classes of FRs in the indoor air. For this purpose, 15 brominated, 2 chlorinated, and 8 organophosphate FRs (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor air samples from urban and suburban sites of an Indian state of Bihar. Additionally, inhalation health risk exposure to children and the adult was estimated to predict the risk of these chemicals. Overall, ∑8OPFRs (median 351 pg/m3) was the most prominent in air, followed by novel brominated FR (∑6NBFRs) (median 278 pg/m3), polybrominated diphenyl ether (∑9PBDE) (median 5.05 pg/m3), and dechlorane plus (∑2DPs) (median 2.52 pg/m3), and accounted for 55%, 44%, 0.8% and 0.4% of ∑FRs, respectively. Generally, ∑9PBDEs (median 6.29 pg/m3) and ∑8OPFRs (median 355 pg/m3) were measured high at sub-urban sites, while urban sites had the highest level of ∑2DPs (median 2.81 pg/m3) and ∑6NBFRs (median 740 pg/m3). BDE-209 was most abundant among ∑9PBDEs, while syn-DP dominated in ∑2DPs. Likewise, DBDPE was most prevalent in ∑6NBFRs, while TMPP topped among ∑8OPFRs. The principal component analysis revealed contribution from household items, food packaging and paints, hydraulic fluid, a gasoline additive, and de-bromination of BDE-209 as the primary sources of FRs. The estimated daily inhalation exposure (DIE) indicated a relatively high risk to children than the adult. The DIE of individual FR was several folds lower than their corresponding oral reference dose (RfDs), suggesting minimal risk. However, exposure risk, especially to children, may still need attention because other routes of intake may always be significant in the case of Bihar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya-Panchanpur, Post-Fatehpur, P.S-Tekari, District-Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya-Panchanpur, Post-Fatehpur, P.S-Tekari, District-Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
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Cetrangolo GP, Rusko J, Gori C, Carullo P, Manco G, Chino M, Febbraio F. Highly Sensitive Detection of Chemically Modified Thio-Organophosphates by an Enzymatic Biosensing Device: An Automated Robotic Approach. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20051365. [PMID: 32131482 PMCID: PMC7085774 DOI: 10.3390/s20051365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides represent some of the most common man-made chemicals in the world. Despite their unquestionable utility in the agricultural field and in the prevention of pest infestation in public areas of cities, pesticides and their biotransformation products are toxic to the environment and hazardous to human health. Esterase-based biosensors represent a viable alternative to the expensive and time-consuming systems currently used for their detection. In this work, we used the esterase-2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius as bioreceptor for a biosensing device based on an automated robotic approach. Coupling the robotic system with a fluorescence inhibition assay, in only 30 s of enzymatic assay, we accomplished the detection limit of 10 pmol for 11 chemically oxidized thio-organophosphates in solution. In addition, we observed differences in the shape of the inhibition curves determined measuring the decrease of esterase-2 residual activity over time. These differences could be used for the characterization and identification of thio-organophosphate pesticides, leading to a pseudo fingerprinting for each of these compounds. This research represents a starting point to develop technologies for automated screening of toxic compounds in samples from industrial sectors, such as the food industry, and for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Paolo Cetrangolo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.C.); (J.R.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Janis Rusko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.C.); (J.R.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Carla Gori
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.C.); (J.R.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Carullo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.C.); (J.R.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.C.); (J.R.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (F.F.); Tel.: +39-081-6132-296 (G.M.); +39-081-6132-611 (F.F.)
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”. Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.P.C.); (J.R.); (C.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (F.F.); Tel.: +39-081-6132-296 (G.M.); +39-081-6132-611 (F.F.)
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Sherwood AM, Halberstadt AL, Klein AK, McCorvy JD, Kaylo KW, Kargbo RB, Meisenheimer P. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:461-467. [PMID: 32077284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A general synthetic method was developed to access known tryptamine natural products present in psilocybin-producing mushrooms. In vitro and in vivo experiments were then conducted to inform speculations on the psychoactive properties, or lack thereof, of the natural products. In animal models, psychedelic activity by baeocystin alone was not evident using the mouse head twitch response assay, despite its putative dephosphorylated metabolite, norpsilocin, possessing potent agonist activity at the 5-HT2A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Sherwood
- Usona Institute , 2780 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Adam L Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
- Research Service , VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , California 92161 , United States
| | - Adam K Klein
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , United States
| | - Kristi W Kaylo
- Usona Institute , 2780 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Robert B Kargbo
- Usona Institute , 2780 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Poncho Meisenheimer
- Usona Institute , 2780 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
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32
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Espasa A, Lang M, Aguiño CF, Sanchez-deAlcazar D, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Sonnewald U, Cortajarena AL, Coto PB, Costa RD. Long-living and highly efficient bio-hybrid light-emitting diodes with zero-thermal-quenching biophosphors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:879. [PMID: 32054851 PMCID: PMC7018753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-hybrid light-emitting diodes (Bio-HLEDs) based on color down-converting filters with fluorescent proteins (FPs) have achieved moderate efficiencies (50 lm/W) and stabilities (300 h) due to both thermal- and photo-degradation. Here, we present a significant enhancement in efficiency (~130 lm/W) and stability (>150 days) using a zero-thermal-quenching bio-phosphor design. This is achieved shielding the FP surface with a hydrophilic polymer allowing their homogenous integration into the network of a light-guiding and hydrophobic host polymer. We rationalize how the control of the mechanical and optical features of this bio-phosphor is paramount towards highly stable and efficient Bio-HLEDs, regardless of the operation conditions. This is validated by the relationships between the stiffness of the FP-polymer phosphor and the maximum temperature reached under device operation as well as the transmittance of the filters and device efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Espasa
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Spain
| | - Martina Lang
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carmen F Aguiño
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchez-deAlcazar
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro B Coto
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rubén D Costa
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Spain.
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Abstract
Biomimetic molecular design is a promising approach for generating functional biomaterials such as cell membrane mimetic blood-compatible surfaces, mussel-inspired bioadhesives, and calcium phosphate cements for bone regeneration. Polyphosphoesters (PPEs) are candidate biomimetic polymer biomaterials that are of interest due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural similarity to nucleic acids. While studies on the synthesis of PPEs began in the 1970s, the scope of their use as biomaterials has increased in the last 20 years. One advantageous property of PPEs is their molecular diversity due to the presence of multivalent phosphorus in their backbones, which allows their physicochemical and biointerfacial properties to be easily controlled to produce the desired molecular platforms for functional biomaterials. Polyphosphodiesters (PPDEs) are analogs of PPEs that have recently attracted interest due to their strong affinity for biominerals. This review describes the fundamental properties of PPDEs and recent research in the field of macromolecular bone therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-0836, Japan
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Yu X, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Liu Z, Li H, Dang Z. Degradation mechanism, intermediates and toxicology assessment of tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate using ultraviolet activated hydrogen peroxide. Chemosphere 2020; 241:124991. [PMID: 31590022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), one kind of emerging flame retardants, have received prevalent attention owing to their ubiquity in aquatic matrices and their characteristics of being refractory to biodegradation. In current research, the degradation mechanism of tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), one of OPFRs, and its toxicological evaluation using UV-driven hydroxyl radical oxidation were investigated. A pseudo-first order reaction was fitted with an apparent rate constant (Kobs) of 0.1328 min-1 on transformation of TCPP in the case of CH2O2 0.1 mM, pH 6.6-7.1 and 4.7 mW cm-2 UV irradiation. High resolution mass spectroscopy analyses identified nine degradation products (eg., C6H13Cl2O4P (m/z 251.0002), C9H17Cl2O5P (m/z 307.0266), C9H17Cl2O6P (m/z 323.0217), C9H18Cl3O5P (m/z 343.0033)) during transformation of TCPP. The removal efficiency dropped by inhibitory effect of natural organic matters and anions, implying that the complete mineralization of TCPP may be difficult in actual water treatment process. The toxicity assessment has shown an decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, membrane potential (MP) elevation of Escherichia coli, and biological molecular function revision (eg., metabolism and DNA biosynthesis), indicating that toxicity of degradation products were conspicuously decreased in comparison with intact TCPP. To sum up, effective detoxification of TCPP can be realized by a UV driving radical-based oxidation, which will provide an alternative safe treatment method to control TCPP in water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanyong Li
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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Huang Q, Wei L, Bignert A, Ye H, Huang F, Qiu Y, Bergman Å. Organophosphate flame retardants in heron eggs from upper Yangtze River basin, southwest China. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124327. [PMID: 31319314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The egg samples of four heron species, including black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), little egret (Egretta garzetta), Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) and cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), were collected from the upper Yangtze River (Changjiang) Basin, Southwest China in early summer of 2017. Nine out of ten target organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) were detected in these heron egg samples. The sum of concentrations of the PFRs quantified (∑PFRs) ranged from 63 to 590 pmol g-1 ww (18-185 ng g-1 ww) with a median value of 139 pmol g-1 ww (48 ng g-1 ww) among all samples. The median ∑PFRs in eggs of night herons (160 pmol g-1 ww) was higher than Chinese pond herons (median 121 pmol g-1 ww) and little egrets (median 109 pmol g-1 ww). In heron eggs, ∑PFRs were mainly contributed by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris (isobutyl) phosphate (TIBP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tri-2-methylphenyl phosphate (TMPP). Alkyl-PFRs accounted for approximately 28%-85% (median 57%) of the nine PFRs quantified while the rest is contributed by aryl-PFRs and chlorinated PFRs. Lower levels of PFRs in little egret eggs were found upstream than downstream of the Yangtze. In addition, the daily intakes of PFRs through ingestion of heron eggs were estimated at lower levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Estuary Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Estuary Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Anders Bignert
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, China; Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hua Ye
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Estuary Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden; MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
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36
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Han L, Sapozhnikova Y, Nuñez A. Analysis and Occurrence of Organophosphate Esters in Meats and Fish Consumed in the United States. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12652-12662. [PMID: 31246019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are chemicals extensively used as plasticizers and flame retardants in commercial and consumer products. In this study, we developed and validated a method for the analysis of 13 common OPEs in meat (chicken, pork, and beef) and fish (catfish and salmon) to study their occurrence in those foods in the United States. The method was based on QuEChERS extraction with acetonitrile and automated robotic cleanup of the extracts, followed by low pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis for 8 of the OPEs and ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis for 13 OPEs, including 8 overlapping OPEs. The developed method was validated in the muscle tissues at four spiking levels (5, 10, 20, and 40 ng/g). The background levels in the laboratory environment and materials presented a challenge for accurate quantification at low ng/g levels. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS analysis was utilized to pinpoint the source of their contamination. OPEs were found in the water used in the liquid chromatography (LC) mobile phase, and flow injection analysis with organic mobile phase was suggested as an alternative to avoid OPEs contamination in LC-MS/MS analysis. The validated method was applied to the analysis of 68 real-world meat and fish samples from the U.S. markets by three instrumental methods. Tris(2-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were found in meat, and TCPP and TPP were measured in fish samples. The sum of median OPE concentrations (averaged for the three instrumental methods) measured in the meat and fish samples were 6.2 and 8.7 ng/g wet weight, respectively. No regulations on the maximum residue levels of OPEs permitted in food were found for the U.S. or other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Han
- College of Science , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
- U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center , 600 East Mermaid Lane , Wyndmoor , Pennsylvania 19038 , United States
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center , 600 East Mermaid Lane , Wyndmoor , Pennsylvania 19038 , United States
| | - Alberto Nuñez
- U.S. Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center , 600 East Mermaid Lane , Wyndmoor , Pennsylvania 19038 , United States
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37
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Hou R, Luo X, Liu C, Zhou L, Wen J, Yuan Y. Enhanced degradation of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in bioelectrochemical systems: Kinetics, pathway and degradation mechanisms. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:113040. [PMID: 31421579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is one of the major organophosphate esters (OPEs) with increasing consumption. Considering its largely distribution and high toxicity in aquatic environment, it is important to explore an efficient treatment for TPHP. This study aimed to investigate the accelerated degradation of TPHP in a three-electrode single chamber bioelectrochemical system (BES). Significant increase of degradation efficiency of TPHP in the BES was observed compared with open circuit and abiotic controls. The one-order degradation rates of TPHP (1.5 mg L-1) were increased with elevating sodium acetate concentrations and showed the highest value (0.054 ± 0.010 h-1) in 1.0 g L-1 of sodium acetate. This result indicated bacterial metabolism of TPHP was enhanced by the application of micro-electrical field and addition acetate as co-substrates. TPHP could be degraded into diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), hydroxyl triphenyl phosphate (OH-TPHP) and three byproducts. DPHP was the most accumulated degradation product in BES, which accounted more than 35.5% of the initial TPHP. The composition of bacterial community in BES electrode was affected by the acclimation by TPHP, with the most dominant bacteria of Azospirillum, Petrimonas, Pseudomonas and Geobacter at the genera level. Moreover, it was found that the acute toxic effect of TPHP to Vibrio fischeri was largely removed after the treatment, which revealed that BES is a promising technology to remove TPHP threaten in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuangchuang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junlin Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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38
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Li J, Lentini NA, Wiemer DF, Wiemer AJ. A luciferase lysis assay reveals in vivo malignant cell sensitization by phosphoantigen prodrugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113668. [PMID: 31628909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to small phosphorus-containing compounds, often called phosphoantigens, which are now known to be intracellular ligands of the immune receptor butyrophilin 3A1 (BTN3A1). In order to compare the efficiency of butyrophilin ligands, we developed a luciferase-based lysis assay that measures the direct cytolysis by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells of luciferase-expressing K562 leukemia cells sensitized by phosphoantigen prodrugs. Our results show that the luciferase-based lysis assay allows in vitro and in vivo assessment of phosphoantigen activity in a way that does not require the extensive processing of flow cytometry or ELISA based approaches. In cellular assays, the structure activity relationships of phosphoantigen prodrugs correlate with ELISA-based activation assays, though phosphoantigen induced target cell lysis occurs at lower concentrations relative to T cell interferon γ production measured by ELISA. In mice dosed with phosphoantigens, a racemic aryl phosphonamidate prodrug, methyl 2-[[[(E)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-pent-3-enyl]-(1-naphthyloxy)phosphoryl]amino]acetate (1-Nap/GlyOMe C-HMBP, 5), sensitized subcutaneous K562 tumors within minutes, and this effect was maintained at least four hours after treatment. In vivo activity of compound 5 was stronger than that of an equivalent dose of zoledronate. This luciferase lysis assay can be used for evaluation of phosphoantigens due to its time efficiency, high sensitivity, and in vivo compatibility and demonstrates rapid in vitro and in vivo sensitization of tumor cells by phosphoantigen prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Nicholas A Lentini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA
| | - David F Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA.
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Yu X, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z. Oxidation degradation of tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate by ultraviolet driven sulfate radical: Mechanisms and toxicology assessment of degradation intermediates using flow cytometry analyses. Sci Total Environ 2019; 687:732-740. [PMID: 31412476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were frequently detected in biotic and abiotic matrix owing to their persistence and recalcitrant degradation. Some specific OPFRs, such as tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), pose a significant potential risk to human health due to their high water solubility. Therefore, an environmentally sound and high efficient technique is in urgent need of controlling TCPP. This research is focused on degrading TCPP using ultraviolet-persulfate (UV/PS) technique. The degradation reaction of TCPP followed a pseudo-first order kinetics with an apparent rate constant (kobs) at 0.1653 min-1. As the photocatalytic reaction proceeded, TCPP was transformed to twelve degradation intermediates via the selective electron-transfer reactions induced by activated sulfate radical. Anions existence and pH value significantly inhibited the degradation efficiency, implying that it was hard for TCPP to reach up to complete mineralization in actual water treatment process. Additionally, toxicological assessment of degradation intermediate mixture was conducted using Flow cytometry (FCM) analyses, and the result showed that the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptotic rates significantly declined, and membrane potential (MP) increased in comparison with original TCPP. On the other hand, the negative impacts of these degradation products on DNA biosynthesis in Escherichia coli were weakened based on cell cycle analysis, all of which indicated that toxicity of these degradation intermediates was obviously reduced via UV/PS treatment. To summarize, an appropriate mineralization is effective for TCPP detoxification, suggesting the feasibility of TCPP control using UV/PS treatment in water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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40
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Leung MCK, Meyer JN. Mitochondria as a target of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: Revisiting common mechanisms of action with new approach methodologies. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:83-92. [PMID: 31315019 PMCID: PMC6766410 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity has been proposed as a potential cause of developmental defects in humans. We evaluated 51 organophosphate and carbamate pesticides using the U.S. EPA ToxCast and Tox21 databases. Only a small number of them bind directly to cholinesterases in the parent form. The hydrophobicity of organophosphate pesticides is correlated significantly to TSPO binding affinity, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in HepG2 cells, and developmental toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio (p < 0.05). Structural analysis suggests that in some cases the Krebs cycle is a potential target of organophosphate and carbamate exposure at early life stages. The results support the hypothesis that mitochondrial effects of some organophosphate pesticides-particularly those that require enzymatic activation to the oxon form-may augment the documented effects of disruption of acetylcholine signaling. This study provides a proof of concept for applying new approach methodologies to interrogate mechanisms of action for cumulative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C K Leung
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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41
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Liang Y, Liu X, Allen MR. The influence of temperature on the emissions of organophosphate ester flame retardants from polyisocyanurate foam: Measurement and modeling. Chemosphere 2019; 233:347-354. [PMID: 31176897 PMCID: PMC7869924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The material-phase diffusion coefficient (Dm) and material/air partition coefficient (Kma) are the key parameters controlling the emissions of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from source materials. In indoor environments, air temperature is subject to change and can significantly affect the emission rates of SVOCs from building materials and consumer products. In this study, the emissions of organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPEFRs) from customized polyisocyanurate foam materials were measured in 44-mL microchambers at 23, 35, and 55 °C. The values of Dm and Kma at different temperatures were determined. The results showed that the increase of temperature can significantly enhance the emissions of OPEFRs from the foam materials, and the emissions of OPEFRs were found to transfer from SVOC-type to volatile organic compound (VOC)-type with the increase of temperature. A correlation for OPEFRs between the steady-state emission rate and temperature and correlations between Dm, Kma, and temperature were obtained. The research results shed light on the effect of temperature on the mechanisms governing emissions of SVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Liang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Participant at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Jacobs Technology Inc., 600 William Northern Boulevard, Tullahoma, TN, 37388, USA
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42
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Giovanoulis G, Nguyen MA, Arwidsson M, Langer S, Vestergren R, Lagerqvist A. Reduction of hazardous chemicals in Swedish preschool dust through article substitution actions. Environ Int 2019; 130:104921. [PMID: 31229872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumer goods and building materials present in the preschool environment can be important sources of hazardous chemicals, such as plasticizers, bisphenols, organophosphorus and brominated flame retardants, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, which may pose a health risk to children. Even though exposure occurs via many different pathways, such as food intake, inhalation, dermal exposure, mouthing of toys etc., dust has been identified as a valuable indicator for indoor exposure. In the present study, we evaluate the efficiency of product substitution actions taken in 20 Swedish preschools from the Stockholm area to reduce the presence of hazardous substances in indoor environments. Dust samples were collected from elevated surfaces in rooms where children have their everyday activities, and the concentrations found were compared to the levels from a previous study conducted in 2015 at the same preschools. It was possible to lower levels of hazardous substances in dust, but their continued presence in the everyday environment of children was confirmed since bisphenol A, restricted phthalates and organophosphate esters were still detectable in all preschools. Also, an increase in the levels of some of the substitutes for the nowadays restricted substances was noted; some of the alternative plasticizers to phthalates, such as DEHA and DEHT, were found with increased concentrations. DINP was the dominant plasticizer in preschool dust with a median concentration of 389 μg/g, while its level was significantly (p = 0.012) higher at 716 μg/g in preschools with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring. PBDEs were now less frequently detected in dust and their levels decreased 20% to 30%. This was one of the few times that PFAS were analyzed in preschool dust, where 6:2 diPAP was found to be most abundant with a median concentration of 1140 ng/g, followed by 6:2 PAP 151 ng/g, 8:2 diPAP 36 ng/g, N-Et-FOSAA 18 ng/g, PFOS 12 ng/g, PFOA 7.7 ng/g and PFNA 1.1 ng/g. In addition, fluorotelomer alcohols were detected in 65-90% of the samples. Children's exposure via dust ingestion was evaluated using intermediate and high daily intake rates of the targeted chemicals and established health limit values. In each case, the hazard quotients (HQs) were < 1, and the risk for children to have adverse health effects from the hazardous chemicals analyzed in this study via dust ingestion was even lower after the product substitution actions were taken in preschools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minh Anh Nguyen
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Arwidsson
- City of Stockholm Environment and Health Administration, Environmental Analysis, 104 20 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarka Langer
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Vestergren
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Lagerqvist
- City of Stockholm Environment and Health Administration, Environmental Analysis, 104 20 Stockholm, Sweden
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Pang L, Yang H, Pang R, Zhou Y, Xiao J, Wang Z. Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of organophosphate esters in urban street dust in the central province of Henan, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:27862-27871. [PMID: 31342355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nine OPEs were measured in 60 street dust samples collected from the central province of Henan, China. The total concentrations of OPEs (∑9OPEs) in street dust range from 2.77 to 505 μg/kg (median 59.3 μg/kg). Chlorinated OPEs are dominant in street dust with median concentration of 33.5 μg/kg, followed by aryl OPEs (median 9.05 μg/kg), and alkyl OPEs (median 6.19 μg/kg). No significant correlations are found between ∑9OPEs and parameters, such as population (p = 0.931), population density (p = 0.602), car ownership (p = 0.618), and gross domestic product (p = 0.863). Principal component analysis (PCA) result reveals that road traffic could be a major source of OPEs in street dust because of their extensive use in various vehicles. The total average (median) and high-level exposure (95th percentile) of OPEs are 1.01 × 10-2, 7.17 × 10-2 ng/kg bw/d for adults and 6.03 × 10-2, 0.43 ng/kg bw/d for children, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) values are 5-6 orders of magnitude lower than the acceptable risk level (HQ < 0.1), indicating there is still a low risk to local residents at current levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Huiqiang Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rong Pang
- Department of Medicine, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingwen Xiao
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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Hu H, Zhang H, Chen Y, Ou H. Enhanced photocatalysis using metal-organic framework MIL-101(Fe) for organophosphate degradation in water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:24720-24732. [PMID: 31236869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive novel classes of porous materials with diverse potentiality and easily tailored structures. It is desirable to evaluate the performance of MOFs as photocatalysts for organic contaminant removal in aqueous matrixes. In this study, iron-based MIL-101(Fe) was synthesized and a photo-Fenton reaction system (multiple wavelength light + MIL-101(Fe) + H2O2) was developed for elimination of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). Degradation pattern of TCEP followed an S-shape curve, which included a slow induction period and a rapid radical oxidation process. Transport of reactants into MIL-101(Fe) and the activation of electron transport within Fe-O clusters of MIL-101(Fe) may be the dominant mechanisms in the induction period, while a pseudo-first-order kinetics was observed in the hydroxyl radical oxidation process. Removal efficiencies in these two stages highly depended on the reaction conditions. Irradiation at 420 nm and acid condition were conductive, while high temperature and high [H2O2]:[MIL-101(Fe)] mass ratio accelerated the reaction. Before complete mineralization, eleven degradation products were generated, and the dominant degradation pathways included cleavage, hydroxylation, carbonylation, and carboxylation. Under acid condition (pH = 3), only 1% mass loss was observed after 60-min reaction, but the iron leakage was aggravated when pH increased. Furthermore, this MOF-photo-Fenton system demonstrated a robust performance on TCEP degradation in actual wastewater matrixes under acid condition. Generally, the MOF-photo-Fenton system is a potential technology for elimination of organic pollutants in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Haixuan Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Huase Ou
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Nguyen LV, Diamond ML, Venier M, Stubbings WA, Romanak K, Bajard L, Melymuk L, Jantunen LM, Arrandale VH. Exposure of Canadian electronic waste dismantlers to flame retardants. Environ Int 2019; 129:95-104. [PMID: 31125732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of e-waste workers to eight halogenated and five organophosphate ester flame retardant chemicals (FRs) was studied at a Canadian e-waste dismantling facility. FR concentrations were measured in air and dust samples collected at a central location and at four work benches over five-24 hour periods spanning two weeks. The highest concentrations in air from workbenches were of BDE-209 (median 156 ng m-3), followed by Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP, median 59 ng m-3). Dust concentrations at the workbenches were higher than those measured at the central location, consistent with the release of contaminated dust during dismantling. Dust concentrations from the workbenches were also dominated by BDE-209 (median 96,300 ng g-1), followed by Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP, median 47,000 ng g-1). Most FRs were in coarse particles 5.6-18 μm diameter and ~30% were in respirable particles (<~3 μm). Exposure estimates indicated that dust ingestion accounted for 63% of total FR exposure; inhalation and dermal absorption contributed 35 and 2%, respectively. Some air and dust concentrations as well as some estimated exposures in this formal facility in a high-income country exceeded those from informal e-waste facilities located in low and middle income countries. Although there is demonstrated toxicity of some FRs, FR exposure in the e-waste industry has received minimal attention and occupational limits do not exist for most FRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh V Nguyen
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marta Venier
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - William A Stubbings
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Romanak
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lola Bajard
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liisa M Jantunen
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Egbert, Ontario, Canada; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria H Arrandale
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Occupational Cancer Research Center, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Rodrigues F, Georgelin T, Gabant G, Rigaud B, Gaslain F, Zhuang G, Gardênnia da Fonseca M, Valtchev V, Touboul D, Jaber M. Confinement and Time Immemorial: Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucleotides on a Porous Mineral Nanoreactor. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4192-4196. [PMID: 31305079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the successful one-pot synthesis of adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate in the confined space of a mordenite zeolite. This is also the first report of ATP synthesized onto a porous mineral surface. The results revealed a plausible prebiotic route to ribonucleotides and highlighted the contribution of microporous minerals in the origins of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodrigues
- Sorbonne University , CNRS UMR 8220, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale , 4 Place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France
- Department of Chemistry , State University of Paraíba , UEPB, Campina Grande , Paraíba 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Thomas Georgelin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45000 Orléans , France
| | - Guillaume Gabant
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45000 Orléans , France
| | - Baptiste Rigaud
- CNRS Institut des Matériaux de Paris Centre (FR2482) , 4 Place Jussieu , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Fabrice Gaslain
- MINES ParisTech , PSL - Research University , MAT - Centre des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7633, BP 87, F-91003 Evry , France
| | - Guanzheng Zhuang
- Sorbonne University , CNRS UMR 8220, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale , 4 Place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Maria Gardênnia da Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraíba , UFPB, João Pessoa , Paraíba 58059-900 , Brazil
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Normandy University , Laboratoire Catalyse & Spectrochimie, ENSICAEN , 6 bl Maréchal Juin , 14050 Caen , France
| | - David Touboul
- CNRS-Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 , Université Paris-Saclay , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Maguy Jaber
- Sorbonne University , CNRS UMR 8220, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale , 4 Place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris , France
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47
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Moural TW, White DSD, Choy CJ, Kang C, Berkman CE. Crystal Structure of Phosphoserine BlaC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inactivated by Bis(Benzoyl) Phosphate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3247. [PMID: 31269656 PMCID: PMC6650796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis (TB), is the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. The class A serine β-lactamase BlaC confers Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to conventional β-lactam antibiotics. As the primary mechanism of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, the expression of a β-lactamase by Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring and deactivation of these antibiotics. In this study, we conducted protein X-ray crystallographic analysis of the inactivation of BlaC, upon exposure to the inhibitor bis(benzoyl) phosphate. Crystal structure data confirms that serine β-lactamase is phosphorylated at the catalytic serine residue (Ser-70) by this phosphate-based inactivator. This new crystallographic evidence suggests a mechanism for phosphorylation of BlaC inhibition by bis(benzoyl) phosphate over acylation. Additionally, we confirmed that bis(benzoyl) phosphate inactivated BlaC in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Moural
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Cindy J Choy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Chulhee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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48
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Wang J, Teng Y, Zhang C, Liao X, Zhai Y, Zuo R. Activation of manganese dioxide with bisulfite for enhanced abiotic degradation of typical organophosphorus pesticides: Kinetics and transformation pathway. Chemosphere 2019; 226:858-864. [PMID: 30978597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), a kind of effective insecticide, have attracted extensive attention of researchers because of the high toxicity and refractory character of their degradation products. Given the ubiquity of manganese dioxide (MnO2) and bisulfite (HSO3-) in environmental media, the abiotic degradation of several typical OPPs by the MnO2-HSO3- reaction system was investigated in batch experiments. As a representative OPP, methyl parathion (MP) was chosen to be the focus of the study. The removal rate of MP was remarkably improved by adding bisulfite (HSO3-) to the MnO2 single-reaction system, and the oxidation product methyl paraoxon was below the detection limit. The primary active substances generated from the reaction system were determined to be Mn(III) species by adding excess radical scavengers or complexants (methanol and pyrophosphate) to the reaction system. On the basis of the metabolic products of MP identified by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the transformation pathway of MP in the MnO2-HSO3- reaction system was elicited, which included the predominant processes of hydrolysis and oxidation. Furthermore, the typical OPPs with different structures were also degraded efficiently by the reaction system because of the oxidative degradation of Mn(III). This study offers significative information related to the abiotic oxidation of manganese minerals and the fate and dissipation of OPPs in the actual environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Caixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhai
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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49
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Wang X, Meng X, Li F, Ding J, Ji C, Wu H. The critical factors affecting typical organophosphate flame retardants to mimetic biomembrane: An integrated in vitro and in silico study. Chemosphere 2019; 226:159-165. [PMID: 30927667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been reported to induce cytotoxicity in a structure-dependent manner. The toxic effects may be due to the damage of biomembrane integrity and/or the interference of membrane signal pathway. In this study, the damages of fifteen typical OPFRs (chlorinated phosphates, alkyl phosphates, aryl phosphates, and alkoxy phosphates) to mimetic biomembrane were determined by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The molecular structure descriptors that characterized the action mechanisms were screened by stepwise regression. The six molecular descriptors (MATS7e, DLS_05, Mor19m, Mor22v, Mor12v and MATS8m) were screened to study the actions between OPFRs and mimetic biomembrane. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed by the partial least squares (PLS) method. Statistical results indicated that the QSAR model had good robustness and mechanism interpretability. The distribution of atomic electronegativities (MATS7e) and atomic masses in three dimensional spaces (Mor19m) were the key factors influencing the actions between OPFRs and simulated biofilms. The compounds with strong electron-withdrawing property could invade the inner layer of membrane and destroy its integrity. High levels of steric hindrance could impair the damage capacity caused by electronegativity. Moreover, drug-like index (DLS_05), spatial structures of particle (Mor22v, Mor12v) and atomic masses (MATS8m) also affected the actions. The results revealed the mechanism of the actions of OPFRs with simulated biofilms and elucidated the key structural characteristics affecting the actions of OPFRs, which could provide theoretical basis for ecological risk assessment of OPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
| | - Jiawang Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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50
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Yuan S, Han Y, Ma M, Rao K, Wang Z, Yang R, Liu Y, Zhou X. Aryl-phosphorus-containing flame retardants induce oxidative stress, the p53-dependent DNA damage response and mitochondrial impairment in A549 cells. Environ Pollut 2019; 250:58-67. [PMID: 30981936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aryl phosphorus-containing flame retardants (aryl-PFRs) have been frequently detected with increasingly used worldwide as one of alternatives for brominated flame retardants. However, information on their adverse effects on human health and ecosystem is insufficient, with limited study on their molecular mode of action in vitro. In this study, the cytotoxicity, DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment and the involved molecular mechanisms of certain frequently detectable aryl-PFRs, including 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), methyl diphenyl phosphate (MDPP), bisphenol-A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP), isodecyl diphenyl phosphate (IDPP), cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP) and the structurally similar and widely used organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), were evaluated in A549 cells using high-content screening (HCS) system. Aryl-PFRs showed different lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values ranging from 97.94 to 546.85 μM in A549 cells using CCK-8 assay. EHDPP, IDPP, CDP, MDPP and CPF demonstrated an ability to induce DNA damage, evidenced by increased DNA content and S phase-reducing cell cycle arrest effect using fluorophore dye cocktail assay. Additionally, the selected aryl-PFRs induced mitochondrial impairment by the increasing mitochondrial mass and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, BDP, MDPP, and CDP, which contain short alkyl chains showed their potential oxidative stress with intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide overproduction from an initially relatively low concentration. Additionally, based on the promotion of firefly luminescence in p53-transfected A549 cells, p53 activation was found to be involved in aryl-PFRs-induced DNA damage. Further real-time PCR results showed that all selected aryl-PFRs triggered p53/p21/gadd45β-, and p53/p21/mdm2-mediated cell cycle pathways, and the p53/bax mediated apoptosis pathway to induce DNA damage and cytotoxic effects. These results suggest that aryl-PFRs (e.g., BDP, MDPP, CDP) cause oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and mitochondrial impairment, and p53-dependent pathway was involved in the aryl-PFRs-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, this study improves the understanding of PFRs-induced adverse outcomes and the involved molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingnan Han
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Beijing Water Quality Monitoring Center for South-to-North Water Diversion, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yihong Liu
- Beijing Water Quality Monitoring Center for South-to-North Water Diversion, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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