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Bergman Å, Olsson M. In memory of professor Sören Jensen (1927-2023). Chemosphere 2024; 352:141334. [PMID: 38301835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mats Olsson
- Environmental Contaminant Group at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yuan B, Bignert A, Andersson PL, West CE, Domellöf M, Bergman Å. Polychlorinated alkanes in paired blood serum and breast milk in a Swedish cohort study: Matrix dependent partitioning differences compared to legacy POPs. Environ Int 2024; 183:108440. [PMID: 38232504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) constitute a large group of individual congeners originating from commercial chlorinated paraffin (CP) products with carbon chain lengths of PCAs-C10-13, PCAs-C14-17, and PCAs-C18-32, occasionally containing PCAs-C6-9 impurities. The extensive use of CPs has led to global environmental pollution of PCAs. This study aimed to quantify PCAs in paired serum and breast milk of lactating Swedish mothers, exploring their concentration relationship. METHODS Twenty-five paired samples of mothers' blood serum and breast milk were analysed and concentrations were determined for PCAs C6-32 and compared to 4,4'-DDE, the PCB congener 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). RESULTS The median concentrations of PCAs-C6-9, PCAs-C10-13, PCAs-C14-17, PCAs-C18-32 and ΣPCAs in serum were 14, 790, 520, 16 and 1350 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively, and in breast milk 0.84, 36, 63, 6.0 and 107 ng/g lw. Levels of 4,4'-DDE, CB-153 and HCB were comparable in the two matrices, serum and breast milk at 17, 12 and 4.9 ng/g lw. The results show significant differences of PCAs-C10-13 and PCAs-C14-17 in breast milk with 22- and 6.2-times lower lw-based concentrations than those measured in serum. On wet weight the differences serum/breast milk ratios of PCAs-C6-9, PCAs-C10-13, PCAs-C14-17, PCAs-C18-32 and ΣPCAs were 1.7, 3.2, 1.0, 0.4 and 1.6, respectively, while the ratio for 4,4'-DDE, CB-153 and HCB were each close to 0.1. CONCLUSION Swedish lactating mothers had high serum concentrations of PCAs-C10-13 and PCAs-C14-17, with the ΣPCAs median serum concentration of 1350 ng/g lw. The breast milk concentration, although considerably lower at 107 ng/g lw, still surpassed those of 4,4'-DDE, CB-153 and HCB, suggesting an exposure risk of infants to PCAs. The variation in blood and breast milk accumulation between PCAs and studied legacy POPs, is rarely discussed but warrants further studies on partitioning properties as well as associated toxicological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 92, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anders Bignert
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 01, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Christina E West
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 92, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
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3
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Wei L, Huang Q, Qiu Y, Zhao J, Rantakokko P, Gao H, Huang F, Bignert A, Bergman Å. Legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in eggs of night herons and poultries from the upper Yangtze Basin, Southwest China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:93744-93759. [PMID: 37516701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) eggs have been identified as useful indicators for biomonitoring the environmental pollution in China. In this study, we investigated thirty eggs of black-crowned night heron collected from the upper Yangtze River (Changjiang) Basin, Southwest China, for the occurrence of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Our results showed a general presence of POPs in night heron eggs with OCPs being the dominant contaminants, having a geometric mean concentration of 22.2 ng g-1 wet weight (ww), followed by PCBs (1.36 ng g-1 ww), PBDEs (0.215 ng g-1 ww), and PCDD/Fs (23.0 pg g-1 ww). The concentration levels were found to be significantly higher in night heron eggs than in poultry eggs by one or two magnitude orders. Among OCP congeners, p,p'-DDE was found to be predominant in night heron eggs, with a geometric mean concentration of 15.1 ng g-1 ww. Furthermore, species-specific congener patterns in eggs suggested similar or different sources for different POPs, possibly associated with contaminated soil and parental dietary sources. Additionally, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were used to evaluate non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk associated with consumption of bird eggs. Our results revealed non-negligible non-cancer and cancer risk for humans who consume wild bird eggs as a regular diet instead of poultry eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hongwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Anders Bignert
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Sichuan Province, Yibin, 644000, China
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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4
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Gustafsson Å, Wang B, Gerde P, Bergman Å, Yeung LWY. Bioavailability of inhaled or ingested PFOA adsorbed to house dust. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:78698-78710. [PMID: 35699877 PMCID: PMC9587079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor environments may impact human health due to chemical pollutants in the indoor air and house dust. This study aimed at comparing the bioavailability and distribution of PFOA following both an inhalation and an oral exposure to PFOA coated house dust in rats. In addition, extractable organofluorine (EOF) was measured in different tissue samples to assess any potential influence of other organofluorine compounds in the experimental house dust. Blood samples were collected at sequential time points after exposure and at the time of termination; the lungs, liver, and kidney were collected for quantification of PFOA and EOF. The concentration of PFOA in plasma increased rapidly in both exposure groups attaining a Cmax at 3 h post exposure. The Cmax following inhalation was four times higher compared to oral exposures. At 48 h post exposure, the levels of PFOA in the plasma, liver, and kidney were twice as high from inhalation exposures. This shows that PFOA is readily bioavailable and has a rapid systemic distribution following an inhalation or oral exposure to house dust coated with PFOA. The proportion of PFOA to EOF corresponded to 65-71% and 74-87% in plasma and tissues, respectively. The mass balance between EOF and target PFOA indicates that there might be other unknown PFAS precursor and/or fluorinated compounds that co-existed in the house dust sample that can have accumulated in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Gustafsson
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Bei Wang
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Gerde
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Inhalation Sciences AB, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-141 57, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leo W Y Yeung
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
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5
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Gustafsson Å, Bergman Å, Weiss JM. Estimated daily intake of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances related to different particle size fractions of house dust. Chemosphere 2022; 303:135061. [PMID: 35649447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor environmental pollutants are a threat to human health. In the current study, we analysed 25 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in seven different size fraction of house dust including the two relevant for exposure via ingestion and inhalation. The highest PFAS concentration is found in the inhalable particulate fraction which is explained by the increased surface area as the particulate's sizes decrease. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the individual PFAS and exposure pathways were calculated for children and adults. In addition, the total EDI for PFOA and its precursors was estimated. The polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters (diPAP), followed by PFOA and PFHxA fluortelomer, showed the highest concentrations of PFAS analysed. The cumulative EDI of PFAS for children was 3.0 ng/kg bw per day, a worst-case scenario, which is 17 times higher than the calculated EDI for adults. For children, ingestion of dust was found to result in 800 times higher PFOA exposure than via inhalation. The contribution from PFOA precursors corresponded to only 1% of the EDI from dust indicating PFOA as the main source of exposure. The EDI's of PFOA and PFOS from dust were lower than the calculated EDI's from food ingestion reported by the Swedish Food Agency. Our data indicate that the EDI for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS from dust intake alone is close to the established tolerable weakly intake of 4.4 ng/kg bw in children, set by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2020. The combined EDI levels PFOA and PFOS from both dust and food exceeded the EFSA TWI for both children and adults. This study demonstrates that dust is a relevant exposure pathway for PFAS intake and that analysis of relevant particle size fractions is important for evaluation of dust as an exposure pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Gustafsson
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Åke Bergman
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana M Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Valters K, Olsson A, Viksne J, Rubene L, Bergman Å. Concentration dynamics of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in blood of growing Grey heron (Ardea cinerea) chicks in the wild. Environ Pollut 2022; 306:119330. [PMID: 35483485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine contaminants (OCs) - organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and industrial products and byproducts - are included in different monitoring programmes and surveys, involving various animal species. Fish-eating birds are suitable indicator species for OCs. Adult birds may be difficult to capture, but chicks can be sampled more easily. Blood of birds is a potentially suitable non-destructive matrix for analysis, as OC levels in blood reflect their concentrations in the body. The study was aimed at investigating how age of fast-growing Grey heron (Ardea cinerea) chicks affects contaminant levels in their blood and thus how important is sampling at exact age for biomonitoring purposes. In 1999 on Lake Engure in Latvia whole blood samples of heron chicks were collected at three different time points, with seven and nine days in between the first and second and second and third sampling points, respectively. Twenty-two chicks were sampled at all three times. In total, 102 samples were analysed for 19 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, DDT metabolites - DDE and DDD, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), α-, β-, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and trans-nonachlor. Total PCB concentrations averaged around 2000 ng/g dry extracted matter (EM). DDE was the dominant individual contaminant (ca. 800 ng/g EM), followed by CB-153, -138, and -118. Most of the other analysed OCs were below 100 ng/g EM. No significant (p > 0.05) differences in OC concentrations were found between the three sampling occasions, except for trans-nonachlor. This means that blood can safely be sampled for biomonitoring purposes during the 17 days' time window. The analysed legacy contaminants may serve as model substances for other persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlis Valters
- Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, Riga Technical University, Azenes Iela 12/1, LV-1048, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Anders Olsson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janis Viksne
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biology, Miera Iela 3, LV-2169, Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Liga Rubene
- State Ltd. "Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre", Maskavas Street 165, Riga, LV-1019, Latvia
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Darnerud PO, Bergman Å. Critical review on disposition of chlorinated paraffins in animals and humans. Environ Int 2022; 163:107195. [PMID: 35447436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Even though the chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have been on the environmental pollution agenda throughout the last 50 years it is a class of chemicals that only now is discussed in terms of an emerging issue with extensive annual publication rates. Major reviews on CPs have been produced, but a deeper understanding of the chemical fate of CPs, including formation of metabolites in animals and humans, is still missing. Thus, the present review aims to critically compile our present knowledge on the disposition, i.e. Adsorption, Disposition, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) of CPs in biota and to identify research needs. We conclude that CPs could be effectively absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract (GI) tract, and probably also from the lungs, and transported to various organs. A biphasic elimination is suggested, with a rapid initial phase followed by a terminal phase, the latter (e.g., fat tissues) covering half-lives of weeks and months. CPs are metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly via the bile and faeces, and the metabolic rate and type of metabolites are dependent on chlorine content and chain length. Results that strengthen CP metabolism are in vivo findings of phase II metabolites in bile, and CP degradation to carbon fragments in experimental animals. Still the metabolic transformations of CPs are poorly studied, and no metabolic scheme has yet been presented. Further, toxicokinetic mass balance calculations suggest that a large part of a given dose (not found as parent compound) is transformation products of CPs, and in vitro metabolism studies present numerous CP metabolites (e.g., chloroalkenes, chlorinated ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Ola Darnerud
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 92 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Drakvik E, Kogevinas M, Bergman Å, Devouge A, Barouki R. Priorities for research on environment, climate and health, a European perspective. Environ Health 2022; 21:37. [PMID: 35346231 PMCID: PMC8958814 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, urbanisation, chemical pollution and disruption of ecosystems, including biodiversity loss, affect our health and wellbeing. Research is crucial to be able to respond to the current and future challenges that are often complex and interconnected by nature. The HERA Agenda, summarised in this commentary, identifies six thematic research goals in the environment, climate and health fields. These include research to 1) reduce the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss on health and environment, 2) promote healthy lives in cities and communities, 3) eliminate harmful chemical exposures, 4) improve health impact assessment and implementation research, 5) develop infrastructures, technologies and human resources and 6) promote research on transformational change towards sustainability. Numerous specific recommendations for research topics, i.e., specific research goals, are presented under each major research goal. Several methods were used to define the priorities, including web-based surveys targeting researchers and stakeholder groups as well as a series of online and face-to-face workshops, involving hundreds of researchers and other stakeholders. The results call for an unprecedented effort to support a better understanding of the causes, interlinkages and impacts of environmental stressors on health and the environment. This will require breakdown of silos within policies, research, actors as well as in our institutional arrangements in order to enable more holistic approaches and solutions to emerge. The HERA project has developed a unique and exciting opportunity in Europe to consensuate priorities in research and strengthen research that has direct societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Drakvik
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiologia Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anais Devouge
- Université de Paris, Inserm Unit, 1124, Paris, France
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Smythe TA, Su G, Bergman Å, Letcher RJ. Metabolic transformation of environmentally-relevant brominated flame retardants in Fauna: A review. Environ Int 2022; 161:107097. [PMID: 35134713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, production trends of the flame retardant (FR) industry, and specifically for brominated FRs (BFRs), is for the replacement of banned and regulated compounds with more highly brominated, higher molecular weight compounds including oligomeric and polymeric compounds. Chemical, biological, and environmental stability of BFRs has received some attention over the years but knowledge is currently lacking in the transformation potential and metabolism of replacement emerging or novel BFRs (E/NBFRs). For articles published since 2015, a systematic search strategy reviewed the existing literature on the direct (e.g., in vitro or in vivo) non-human BFR metabolism in fauna (animals). Of the 51 papers reviewed, and of the 75 known environmental BFRs, PBDEs were by far the most widely studied, followed by HBCDDs and TBBPA. Experimental protocols between studies showed large disparities in exposure or incubation times, age, sex, depuration periods, and of the absence of active controls used in in vitro experiments. Species selection emphasized non-standard test animals and/or field-collected animals making comparisons difficult. For in vitro studies, confounding variables were generally not taken into consideration (e.g., season and time of day of collection, pollution point-sources or human settlements). As of 2021 there remains essentially no information on the fate and metabolic pathways or kinetics for 30 of the 75 environmentally relevant E/BFRs. Regardless, there are clear species-specific and BFR-specific differences in metabolism and metabolite formation (e.g. BDE congeners and HBCDD isomers). Future in vitro and in vivo metabolism/biotransformation research on E/NBFRs is required to better understand their bioaccumulation and fate in exposed organisms. Also, studies should be conducted on well characterized lab (e.g., laboratory rodents, zebrafish) and commonly collected wildlife species used as captive models (crucian carp, Japanese quail, zebra finches and polar bears).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Smythe
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Guanyong Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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10
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Caporale N, Leemans M, Birgersson L, Germain PL, Cheroni C, Borbély G, Engdahl E, Lindh C, Bressan RB, Cavallo F, Chorev NE, D'Agostino GA, Pollard SM, Rigoli MT, Tenderini E, Tobon AL, Trattaro S, Troglio F, Zanella M, Bergman Å, Damdimopoulou P, Jönsson M, Kiess W, Kitraki E, Kiviranta H, Nånberg E, Öberg M, Rantakokko P, Rudén C, Söder O, Bornehag CG, Demeneix B, Fini JB, Gennings C, Rüegg J, Sturve J, Testa G. From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures. Science 2022; 375:eabe8244. [PMID: 35175820 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe8244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence. We identified that exposure to an EDC mixture in early pregnancy is associated with language delay in offspring. At human-relevant concentrations, this mixture disrupted hormone-regulated and disease-relevant regulatory networks in human brain organoids and in the model organisms Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio, as well as behavioral responses. Reinterrogating epidemiological data, we found that up to 54% of the children had prenatal exposures above experimentally derived levels of concern, reaching, for the upper decile compared with the lowest decile of exposure, a 3.3 times higher risk of language delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Caporale
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, V.le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Michelle Leemans
- UMR 7221, Phyma, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Birgersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41463 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Luc Germain
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, V.le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gábor Borbély
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Elin Engdahl
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Raul Bardini Bressan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francesca Cavallo
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadav Even Chorev
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alessandro D'Agostino
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Tullio Rigoli
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Tenderini
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Lopez Tobon
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trattaro
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Troglio
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanella
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Jönsson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Efthymia Kitraki
- Lab of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Eewa Nånberg
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Christina Rudén
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Division, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE- 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- UMR 7221, Phyma, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- UMR 7221, Phyma, CNRS-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chris Gennings
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (SWETOX), Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41463 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab, Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.,Human Technopole, V.le Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
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11
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Vieira Silva A, Chu I, Feeley M, Bergman Å, Håkansson H, Öberg M. Dose-dependent toxicological effects in rats following a 90-day dietary exposure to PCB-156 include retinoid disruption. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 107:123-139. [PMID: 34560258 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of PCB-156 (2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl) was investigated in rats following subchronic dietary exposure. Groups of 10 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered PCB-156 in the diet at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 or 10 ppm for 90 days. Dose-dependent increases were detected for the liver, lung and kidney weights, as well as for the liver EROD, PROD and UDPGT enzyme activities and liver uroporphyrin concentration. Dose-dependent decreases were observed in final body weight, body weight gain, and thymus weight. Apolar retinoid concentrations were decreased in the liver and lungs and increased in the kidneys. Histopathological examination of the liver, thyroid, and thymus showed mild to moderate dose-related changes. A LOAEL of 0.01 ppm was established, based on reduced apolar liver retinoid concentration. Benchmark dose-modelling corroborated the sensitivity of liver retinoid endpoints. The lower confidence limits (BMDL) for a 5% decrease in apolar liver retinoid concentrations were 0.0009 and 0.0007 ppm, respectively, in males and females, corresponding to a daily dose of 0.06 μg PCB-156 per kg body weight. Organizing dose-response data for the individual hepatic endpoints along the PCB-156 dosing scale revealed a sequence of events compatible with a causal link between depletion of apolar retinoids and the other liver biochemistry and pathology findings. Taken together, data suggest that the retinoid endpoints should be further evaluated for a causal relationship to PCB-induced liver toxicity and that retinoid system endpoints are identified and characterized to support health risk assessment in the emerging research fields of endocrine disruption and mixture toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vieira Silva
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - I Chu
- Health Canada Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Feeley
- Health Canada Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Å Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; MTM, Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - H Håkansson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutrition Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Öberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Awad R, Zhou Y, Nyberg E, Namazkar S, Yongning W, Xiao Q, Sun Y, Zhu Z, Bergman Å, Benskin JP. Correction: Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2021; 23:188. [PMID: 33399144 DOI: 10.1039/d0em90043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China' by Raed Awad et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2020, 22, 2023-2030, DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00077A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Awad
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. and Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Elisabeth Nyberg
- Department of Contaminants, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Virkesvägen 2, SE-106 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shahla Namazkar
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wu Yongning
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qianfen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yaije Sun
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China and Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Halonen JI, Erhola M, Furman E, Haahtela T, Jousilahti P, Barouki R, Bergman Å, Billo NE, Fuller R, Haines A, Kogevinas M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Krauze K, Lanki T, Vicente JL, Messerli P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Paloniemi R, Peters A, Posch KH, Timonen P, Vermeulen R, Virtanen SM, Bousquet J, Antó JM. A call for urgent action to safeguard our planet and our health in line with the helsinki declaration. Environ Res 2021; 193:110600. [PMID: 33307082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission launched a report introducing a novel approach called Planetary Health and proposed a concept, a strategy and a course of action. To discuss the concept of Planetary Health in the context of Europe, a conference entitled: "Europe That Protects: Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health" was held in Helsinki in December 2019. The conference participants concluded with a need for action to support Planetary Health during the 2020s. The Helsinki Declaration emphasizes the urgency to act as scientific evidence shows that human activities are causing climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, overuse of natural resources and pollution. They threaten the health and safety of human kind. Global, regional, national, local and individual initiatives are called for and multidisciplinary and multisectorial actions and measures are needed. A framework for an action plan is suggested that can be modified for local needs. Accordingly, a shift from fragmented approaches to policy and practice towards systematic actions will promote human health and health of the planet. Systems thinking will feed into conserving nature and biodiversity, and into halting climate change. The Planetary Health paradigm ‒ the health of human civilization and the state of natural systems on which it depends ‒ must become the driver for all policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Eeva Furman
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Robert Barouki
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S-1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, MTM, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nils E Billo
- Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Disease Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrew Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kinga Krauze
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Timo Lanki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Peter Messerli
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Wyss Academy for Nature, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University; Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital; and The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josep M Antó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Halonen JI, Erhola M, Furman E, Haahtela T, Jousilahti P, Barouki R, Bergman Å, Billo NE, Fuller R, Haines A, Kogevinas M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Krauze K, Lanki T, Vicente JL, Messerli P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Paloniemi R, Peters A, Posch KH, Timonen P, Vermeulen R, Virtanen SM, Bousquet J, Antó JM. The Helsinki Declaration 2020: Europe that protects. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e503-e505. [PMID: 33159874 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00270, Finland.
| | | | - Eeva Furman
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00270, Finland
| | | | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, Man-Technology-Environment MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nils E Billo
- Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Disease Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrew Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, and Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kinga Krauze
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Timo Lanki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00270, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Peter Messerli
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Wyss Academy for Nature, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Health and Environment, Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00270, Finland; Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; The Science Centre of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Charité University Medicine Berlin, Free University of Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josep M Antó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Awad R, Zhou Y, Nyberg E, Namazkar S, Yongning W, Xiao Q, Sun Y, Zhu Z, Bergman Å, Benskin JP. Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2020; 22:2023-2030. [PMID: 32940316 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Twenty per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in human milk from residents of three Chinese cities (Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing; [n = 10 individuals per city]), sampled between 2010 and 2016. These data were compared to a combination of new and previously reported PFAS concentrations in human milk from Stockholm, Sweden, collected in 2016 (n = 10 individuals). Across the three Chinese cities, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; sum isomers), 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS; also known as 6:2 Cl-PFESA or by its trade name "F53-B"), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; sum isomers) occurred at the highest concentrations among all PFAS (up to 411, 976, and 321 pg mL-1, respectively), while in Stockholm, PFOA and PFOS were dominant (up to 89 and 72 pg mL-1, respectively). 3H-Perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy)propanoic acid] (ADONA) was intermittently detected but at concentrations below the method quantification limit (i.e. <10 pg mL-1) in Chinese samples, and was non-detectable in Swedish milk. The extremely high concentrations of F53-B in Chinese milk suggest that human exposure assessments focused only on legacy substances may severely underestimate overall PFAS exposure in breastfeeding infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Awad
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Repouskou A, Papadopoulou AK, Panagiotidou E, Trichas P, Lindh C, Bergman Å, Gennings C, Bornehag CG, Rüegg J, Kitraki E, Stamatakis A. Long term transcriptional and behavioral effects in mice developmentally exposed to a mixture of endocrine disruptors associated with delayed human neurodevelopment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9367. [PMID: 32518293 PMCID: PMC7283331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may interfere with normal brain development and predispose for later dysfunctions. The current study focuses on the exposure impact of mixtures of EDCs that better mimics the real-life situation. We herein describe a mixture of phthalates, pesticides and bisphenol A (mixture N1) detected in pregnant women of the SELMA cohort and associated with language delay in their children. To study the long-term impact of developmental exposure to N1 on brain physiology and behavior we administered this mixture to mice throughout gestation at doses 0×, 0.5×, 10×, 100× and 500× the geometric mean of SELMA mothers' concentrations, and examined their offspring in adulthood. Mixture N1 exposure increased active coping during swimming stress in both sexes, increased locomotion and reduced social interaction in male progeny. The expression of corticosterone receptors, their regulator Fkbp5, corticotropin releasing hormone and its receptor, oxytocin and its receptor, estrogen receptor beta, serotonin receptors (Htr1a, Htr2a) and glutamate receptor subunit Grin2b, were modified in the limbic system of adult animals, in a region-specific, sexually-dimorphic and experience-dependent manner. Principal component analysis revealed gene clusters associated with the observed behavioral responses, mostly related to the stress axis. This integration of epidemiology-based data with an experimental model increases the evidence that prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures impacts later life brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Repouskou
- Basic Sciences lab, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia-Konstantina Papadopoulou
- Basic Sciences lab, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.,Biology-Biochemistry lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, NKUA, Athens, Greece
| | - Emily Panagiotidou
- Basic Sciences lab, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.,Biology-Biochemistry lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, NKUA, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Trichas
- Biology-Biochemistry lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, NKUA, Athens, Greece
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris Gennings
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Organismal Biology 18 A, Norbyvägen, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Efthymia Kitraki
- Basic Sciences lab, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Biology-Biochemistry lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, NKUA, Athens, Greece.
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17
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Dai Q, Xu X, Eskenazi B, Asante KA, Chen A, Fobil J, Bergman Å, Brennan L, Sly PD, Nnorom IC, Pascale A, Wang Q, Zeng EY, Zeng Z, Landrigan PJ, Bruné Drisse MN, Huo X. Severe dioxin-like compound (DLC) contamination in e-waste recycling areas: An under-recognized threat to local health. Environ Int 2020; 139:105731. [PMID: 32315892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) burning and recycling activities have become one of the main emission sources of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). Workers involved in e-waste recycling operations and residents living near e-waste recycling sites (EWRS) are exposed to high levels of DLCs. Epidemiological and experimental in vivo studies have reported a range of interconnected responses in multiple systems with DLC exposure. However, due to the compositional complexity of DLCs and difficulties in assessing mixture effects of the complex mixture of e-waste-related contaminants, there are few studies concerning human health outcomes related to DLC exposure at informal EWRS. In this paper, we have reviewed the environmental levels and body burdens of DLCs at EWRS and compared them with the levels reported to be associated with observable adverse effects to assess the health risks of DLC exposure at EWRS. In general, DLC concentrations at EWRS of many countries have been decreasing in recent years due to stricter regulations on e-waste recycling activities, but the contamination status is still severe. Comparison with available data from industrial sites and well-known highly DLC contaminated areas shows that high levels of DLCs derived from crude e-waste recycling processes lead to elevated body burdens. The DLC levels in human blood and breast milk at EWRS are higher than those reported in some epidemiological studies that are related to various health impacts. The estimated total daily intakes of DLCs for people in EWRS far exceed the WHO recommended total daily intake limit. It can be inferred that people living in EWRS with high DLC contamination have higher health risks. Therefore, more well-designed epidemiological studies are urgently needed to focus on the health effects of DLC pollution in EWRS. Continuous monitoring of the temporal trends of DLC levels in EWRS after actions is of highest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Dai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julius Fobil
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, China
| | - Lesley Brennan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Antonio Pascale
- Department of Toxicology, University of the Republic, Uruguay
| | - Qihua Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | | | - Marie-Noel Bruné Drisse
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xia Huo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
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18
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Kortenkamp A, Axelstad M, Baig AH, Bergman Å, Bornehag CG, Cenijn P, Christiansen S, Demeneix B, Derakhshan A, Fini JB, Frädrich C, Hamers T, Hellwig L, Köhrle J, Korevaar TI, Lindberg J, Martin O, Meima ME, Mergenthaler P, Nikolov N, Du Pasquier D, Peeters RP, Platzack B, Ramhøj L, Remaud S, Renko K, Scholze M, Stachelscheid H, Svingen T, Wagenaars F, Wedebye EB, Zoeller RT. Removing Critical Gaps in Chemical Test Methods by Developing New Assays for the Identification of Thyroid Hormone System-Disrupting Chemicals-The ATHENA Project. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3123. [PMID: 32354186 PMCID: PMC7247692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The test methods that currently exist for the identification of thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals are woefully inadequate. There are currently no internationally validated in vitro assays, and test methods that can capture the consequences of diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action on the developing brain are missing entirely. These gaps put the public at risk and risk assessors in a difficult position. Decisions about the status of chemicals as thyroid hormone system disruptors currently are based on inadequate toxicity data. The ATHENA project (Assays for the identification of Thyroid Hormone axis-disrupting chemicals: Elaborating Novel Assessment strategies) has been conceived to address these gaps. The project will develop new test methods for the disruption of thyroid hormone transport across biological barriers such as the blood-brain and blood-placenta barriers. It will also devise methods for the disruption of the downstream effects on the brain. ATHENA will deliver a testing strategy based on those elements of the thyroid hormone system that, when disrupted, could have the greatest impact on diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action and therefore should be targeted through effective testing. To further enhance the impact of the ATHENA test method developments, the project will develop concepts for better international collaboration and development in the area of thyroid hormone system disruptor identification and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Asma H. Baig
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Åke Bergman
- School of Science and Technology, Orebro University, SE-701 82 Orebro, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Cenijn
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VUA, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS 7, rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Arash Derakhshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS 7, rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Department of Experimental Endocrinology, Charitė - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VUA, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Hellwig
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-BIH Centrum Therapy and Research, BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Department of Experimental Endocrinology, Charitė - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim I.M. Korevaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Department of C4hemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Research Institutes Sweden, RISE, SE-151 36 Sodertalje, Sweden
| | - Olwenn Martin
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Marcel E. Meima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Mergenthaler
- Dept. of Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, D-10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai Nikolov
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Robin P. Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Platzack
- Department of C4hemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Research Institutes Sweden, RISE, SE-151 36 Sodertalje, Sweden
| | - Louise Ramhøj
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS 7, rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kostja Renko
- Department of Experimental Endocrinology, Charitė - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité-BIH Centrum Therapy and Research, BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, D-10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Terje Svingen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fabian Wagenaars
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, VUA, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Bay Wedebye
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. Thomas Zoeller
- School of Science and Technology, Orebro University, SE-701 82 Orebro, Sweden
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Zhou Y, Yuan B, Nyberg E, Yin G, Bignert A, Glynn A, Odland JØ, Qiu Y, Sun Y, Wu Y, Xiao Q, Yin D, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Bergman Å. Chlorinated Paraffins in Human Milk from Urban Sites in China, Sweden, and Norway. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:4356-4366. [PMID: 32101003 PMCID: PMC7343287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs) were analyzed in human milk from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Scandinavia. Individual samples were collected from Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing (China), Stockholm (Sweden), and Bodø (Norway) between 2010 and 2016. Mean concentrations (range) of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs in samples from the YRD were 124 [<limit of detection (LOD)-676], 146 (<LOD-1260), and 19.1 (<LOD-184) ng g-1 fat, respectively, all of which were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 15.9 (<LOD-120), 45.0 (<LOD-311), and 5.50 (<LOD-29.0) ng g-1 fat, respectively, in samples from Scandinavia. MCCPs predominate in most samples, and LCCP concentrations exceed reported for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human milk from the same regions. This study is the first to confirm LCCP exposure via breastfeeding. Principal component analysis showed that the YRD samples were more influenced by SCCPs than the Scandinavian samples, which mirror different exposures to CPs between the regions. Because of a large variation in concentrations among individuals, SCCP intake via breastfeeding indicated a potential health concern in the 90th percentile among Chinese infants. Further, CP concentrations in the YRD samples from first-time mothers were on average three times higher than from second-time mothers. In order to limit the worldwide CP contamination, the inclusion of SCCPs as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention needs to be followed up, with the inclusion of MCCPs and LCCPs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Elisabeth Nyberg
- Department
of Contaminants, Swedish Environmental Protection
Agency, Virkesvägen
2, SE-106 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ge Yin
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Shimadzu
Scientific Instrument Company, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Anders Bignert
- Department
of Environmental Monitoring and Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box
50007, SE-104 15 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- Faculty
of Health Sciences, Norwegian University
of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education),
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qianfen Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education),
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education),
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of
Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Science and Technology, Örebro
University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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20
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Drakvik E, Altenburger R, Aoki Y, Backhaus T, Bahadori T, Barouki R, Brack W, Cronin MTD, Demeneix B, Hougaard Bennekou S, van Klaveren J, Kneuer C, Kolossa-Gehring M, Lebret E, Posthuma L, Reiber L, Rider C, Rüegg J, Testa G, van der Burg B, van der Voet H, Warhurst AM, van de Water B, Yamazaki K, Öberg M, Bergman Å. Statement on advancing the assessment of chemical mixtures and their risks for human health and the environment. Environ Int 2020; 134:105267. [PMID: 31704565 PMCID: PMC6979318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The number of anthropogenic chemicals, manufactured, by-products, metabolites and abiotically formed transformation products, counts to hundreds of thousands, at present. Thus, humans and wildlife are exposed to complex mixtures, never one chemical at a time and rarely with only one dominating effect. Hence there is an urgent need to develop strategies on how exposure to multiple hazardous chemicals and the combination of their effects can be assessed. A workshop, "Advancing the Assessment of Chemical Mixtures and their Risks for Human Health and the Environment" was organized in May 2018 together with Joint Research Center in Ispra, EU-funded research projects and Commission Services and relevant EU agencies. This forum for researchers and policy-makers was created to discuss and identify gaps in risk assessment and governance of chemical mixtures as well as to discuss state of the art science and future research needs. Based on the presentations and discussions at this workshop we want to bring forward the following Key Messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Drakvik
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University, ACES, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yasunobu Aoki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina Bahadori
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, MC 8201R, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université de Paris, Inserm Unit 1124, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-aachen Biology, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) UMR 7221 (CNRS/MNHN), 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Jacob van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Carsten Kneuer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Pesticide Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences - IRAS, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leo Posthuma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lena Reiber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cynthia Rider
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, PO Box 12233, MD:K2-12, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Uppsala University, Department of Organismal Biology, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- University of Milan, Department of Oncology, Via S. Sofia, 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy; IEO European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilko van der Voet
- Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bob van de Water
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kunihiko Yamazaki
- Ministry of the Environment, Japan, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8975, Japan
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Stockholm University, ACES, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Örebro University, Department of Science and Technology, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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21
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Bogdanska J, Borg D, Bergström U, Mellring M, Bergman Å, DePierre J, Nobel S. Tissue distribution of 14C-labelled perfluorooctanoic acid in adult mice after 1-5 days of dietary exposure to an experimental dose or a lower dose that resulted in blood levels similar to those detected in exposed humans. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124755. [PMID: 31726523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a global environmental pollutant detected in both wildlife and human populations, has several pathophysiological effects in experimental animals, including hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. However, details concerning the tissue distribution of PFOA, in particular at levels relevant to humans, are lacking, which limits our understanding of how humans, and other mammals, may be affected by this compound. Therefore, we characterized the tissue distribution of 14C-PFOA in mice in the same manner as we earlier examined its analogues perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) in order to allow direct comparisons. Following dietary exposure of adult male C57/BL6 mice for 1, 3 or 5 days to a low dose (0.06 mg/kg/day) or a higher experimental dose (22 mg/kg/day) of 14C-PFOA, both scintillation counting and whole-body autoradiography revealed the presence of PFOA in most of the 19 different tissues examined, demonstrating its ability to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. There were no differences in the pattern of tissue distribution with the low and high dose and the tissue-to-blood ratios were similar. At both doses, PFOA levels were highest in the liver, followed by blood, lungs and kidneys. The body compartments estimated to contain the largest amounts of PFOA were the liver, blood, skin and muscle. In comparison with our identical studies on PFOS and PFBS, PFOA reached considerably higher tissue levels than PFBS, but lower than PFOS. Furthermore, the distribution of PFOA differed notably from that of PFOS, with lower tissue-to-blood ratios in the liver, lungs, kidneys and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Bogdanska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Borg
- Swedish Chemicals Agency, SE-17267, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Bergström
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Mellring
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Joseph DePierre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Nobel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Huang Q, Wei L, Bignert A, Ye H, Huang F, Qiu Y, Bergman Å. Organophosphate flame retardants in heron eggs from upper Yangtze River basin, southwest China. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124327. [PMID: 31319314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The egg samples of four heron species, including black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), little egret (Egretta garzetta), Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) and cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), were collected from the upper Yangtze River (Changjiang) Basin, Southwest China in early summer of 2017. Nine out of ten target organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) were detected in these heron egg samples. The sum of concentrations of the PFRs quantified (∑PFRs) ranged from 63 to 590 pmol g-1 ww (18-185 ng g-1 ww) with a median value of 139 pmol g-1 ww (48 ng g-1 ww) among all samples. The median ∑PFRs in eggs of night herons (160 pmol g-1 ww) was higher than Chinese pond herons (median 121 pmol g-1 ww) and little egrets (median 109 pmol g-1 ww). In heron eggs, ∑PFRs were mainly contributed by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), tris (isobutyl) phosphate (TIBP), tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tri-2-methylphenyl phosphate (TMPP). Alkyl-PFRs accounted for approximately 28%-85% (median 57%) of the nine PFRs quantified while the rest is contributed by aryl-PFRs and chlorinated PFRs. Lower levels of PFRs in little egret eggs were found upstream than downstream of the Yangtze. In addition, the daily intakes of PFRs through ingestion of heron eggs were estimated at lower levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Estuary Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Estuary Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Anders Bignert
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, China; Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-10405, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hua Ye
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Yibin Research Base of the Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Estuary Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden; MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182, Örebro, Sweden
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23
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Yin G, Asplund L, Qiu Y, Zhou Y, Wang H, Yao Z, Jiang J, Bergman Å. Correction to: Chlorinated and brominated organic pollutants in shellfish from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:29502. [PMID: 31385243 PMCID: PMC6828185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The article Chlorinated and brominated organic pollutants in shellfish from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, written by Ge Yin, Lillemor Asplund, Yanling Qiu, Yihui Zhou, Hua Wang, Zongli Yao, Jianbin Jiang and Åke Bergman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanling Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongli Yao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 200090, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbin Jiang
- Tongzhou Fisheries Technical Instruction Station of Nantong, 226300, Nantong, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
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24
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Chen D, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Bergman Å. Correction to: Occurrence and risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids in sediments and benthic invertebrates from Dianshan Lake, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:27551. [PMID: 31346942 PMCID: PMC6828256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The article Occurrence and risk assessment of trace metals and metalloids in sediments and benthic invertebrates from Dianshan Lake, China, written by Yan Wu, Yihui Zhou, Yanling Qiu, Da Chen, Zhiliang Zhu, Jianfu Zhao and Åke Bergman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 15257, Södertälje, SE, Sweden
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Bopp SK, Barouki R, Brack W, Dalla Costa S, Dorne JLCM, Drakvik PE, Faust M, Karjalainen TK, Kephalopoulos S, van Klaveren J, Kolossa-Gehring M, Kortenkamp A, Lebret E, Lettieri T, Nørager S, Rüegg J, Tarazona JV, Trier X, van de Water B, van Gils J, Bergman Å. Current EU research activities on combined exposure to multiple chemicals. Environ Int 2018; 120:544-562. [PMID: 30170309 PMCID: PMC6192826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans and wildlife are exposed to an intractably large number of different combinations of chemicals via food, water, air, consumer products, and other media and sources. This raises concerns about their impact on public and environmental health. The risk assessment of chemicals for regulatory purposes mainly relies on the assessment of individual chemicals. If exposure to multiple chemicals is considered in a legislative framework, it is usually limited to chemicals falling within this framework and co-exposure to chemicals that are covered by a different regulatory framework is often neglected. Methodologies and guidance for assessing risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals have been developed for different regulatory sectors, however, a harmonised, consistent approach for performing mixture risk assessments and management across different regulatory sectors is lacking. At the time of this publication, several EU research projects are running, funded by the current European Research and Innovation Programme Horizon 2020 or the Seventh Framework Programme. They aim at addressing knowledge gaps and developing methodologies to better assess chemical mixtures, by generating and making available internal and external exposure data, developing models for exposure assessment, developing tools for in silico and in vitro effect assessment to be applied in a tiered framework and for grouping of chemicals, as well as developing joint epidemiological-toxicological approaches for mixture risk assessment and for prioritising mixtures of concern. The projects EDC-MixRisk, EuroMix, EUToxRisk, HBM4EU and SOLUTIONS have started an exchange between the consortia, European Commission Services and EU Agencies, in order to identify where new methodologies have become available and where remaining gaps need to be further addressed. This paper maps how the different projects contribute to the data needs and assessment methodologies and identifies remaining challenges to be further addressed for the assessment of chemical mixtures.
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Key Words
- ao, adverse outcome
- aop, adverse outcome pathway
- bmd, benchmark dose modelling
- bqe, biological quality element
- ca, concentration addition
- cag, cumulative assessment group
- cmep, chemical monitoring and emerging pollutants
- cra, cumulative risk assessment
- dart, developmental and reproductive toxicity
- deb, dynamic energy budget
- ebt, effect-based tools
- edc, endocrine disrupting chemical
- eqs, environmental quality standard
- hbm, human biomonitoring
- ia, independent action
- iata, integrated approach to testing and assessment
- ipra, integrated probabilistic risk assessment
- ipsc, induced pluripotent stem cells
- loe, lines of evidence
- mcr, maximum cumulative ratio
- mcra, monte carlo risk assessment tool
- mec, measured exposure concentration
- moa, mode of action
- mra, mixture risk assessment
- msfd, marine strategy framework directive
- nam, new approach methodology
- pbtk, physiologically based toxicokinetic (model)
- pec, predicted exposure concentration
- pnec, predicted no effect concentration
- qsar, quantitative structure activity relationship
- rdt, repeated dose systemic toxicity
- tk, toxicokinetic
- smri, similar mixture risk indicator
- syrina, systematic review and integrated assessment
- ttc, threshold of toxicological concern
- wfd, water framework directive
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Bopp
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Silvia Dalla Costa
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate B - Growth and Innovation, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Jean-Lou C M Dorne
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy.
| | - Paula E Drakvik
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Michael Faust
- Faust & Backhaus Environmental Consulting, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Tuomo K Karjalainen
- European Commission, Directorate General Research and Innovation, Directorate E - Health, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stylianos Kephalopoulos
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Jacob van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences - IRAS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Sofie Nørager
- European Commission, Directorate General Research and Innovation, Directorate E - Health, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Jose V Tarazona
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy.
| | - Xenia Trier
- European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bob van de Water
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Åke Bergman
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Södertälje, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, MTM, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Weiss JM, Gustafsson Å, Gerde P, Bergman Å, Lindh CH, Krais AM. Daily intake of phthalates, MEHP, and DINCH by ingestion and inhalation. Chemosphere 2018; 208:40-49. [PMID: 29860143 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters, suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals, are used in a wide range of applications. Because phthalate esters are not covalently bound, they can easily leach into the indoor environment and associate to dust particles. Thus, exposure may occur through inhalation, ingestion, or contact with the skin. However, it is unclear to what degree indoor dust contributes to the daily intake of phthalate esters. This study investigates household dust as an exposure pathway for seven phthalate esters, the monoester MEHP, and the plasticizer DINCH. Household dust collected from children's sleeping rooms and from living rooms were analysed using gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To compare two exposure pathways, different dust particle sizes were generated: a respirable fraction (<5 μm) and an ingested particle fraction in the anticipated size range of skin adherence (<75 μm). Modelling of dust inhalation and ingestion showed that the daily intake of dust-bound phthalate esters was likely to be 2 times (inhalation) to 12 times (ingestion) higher for 21-month-old children than for adults. These children's daily uptake of phthalate esters was 40-140 times higher through ingestion than inhalation. Furthermore, dust may be an exposure pathway for phthalate esters as well as for MEHP. Therefore, phthalate monoesters could be environmental contaminants of their own and need to be considered in health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Weiss
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 12, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Gustafsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden; Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Per Gerde
- Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institute, Box 287, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette M Krais
- Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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Li Q, Wang M, Duan L, Qiu Y, Ma T, Chen L, Breitholtz M, Bergman Å, Zhao J, Hecker M, Wu L. Multiple biomarker responses in caged benthic gastropods Bellamya aeruginosa after in situ exposure to Taihu Lake in China. Environ Sci Eur 2018; 30:34. [PMID: 30221106 PMCID: PMC6132844 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freshwater sediments have been recognized as a long-term sink and potential source for environmental pollutants released into the aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the sediment quality of Taihu Lake, which is susceptible to anthropogenic contamination, was assessed by a combination of chemical analytical and biological end points. Specifically, the snail Bellamya aeruginosa was caged in situ at two locations representing different pollution levels for different exposure times (7, 14 and 21 days). At each of these time points, biochemical parameters, i.e., phase I biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl content and lipid peroxidation, were evaluated in the hepatopancreas of snails. In addition, surface sediments were collected for analysis of contaminants of concern, including inorganic pollutants, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. RESULTS Chemical analyses revealed that sediments from Taihu Lake were contaminated with trace elements and organic pollutants. Concentrations of trace elements (Cu, Ni and As) and organochlorinated pesticides (4,4'-DDE) exceeded their corresponding threshold effect level according to the sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems in Canada, indicating that adverse biological effects may occur. All biomarkers, except EROD activity, were induced in snails during all exposure times. The integrated biomarker response index (IBR) indicated that during the initial exposure phase (7 days), B. aeruginosa were subjected to significant environmental stress, which diminished during later sampling time points. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that IBR correlated well with the levels of environmental contaminants, demonstrating the applicability of this biomonitoring approach to complex environmental exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Taowu Ma
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000 China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Magnus Breitholtz
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
| | - Lingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
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Quintana-Belmares RO, Krais AM, Esfahani BK, Rosas-Pérez I, Mucs D, López-Marure R, Bergman Å, Alfaro-Moreno E. Phthalate esters on urban airborne particles: Levels in PM 10 and PM 2.5 from Mexico City and theoretical assessment of lung exposure. Environ Res 2018; 161:439-445. [PMID: 29216490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from the environment are associated with reproductive abnormalities (i.e. decreased sperm concentration; increased endometriosis) and alterations of the cardiovascular system (i.e. increased blood pressure and risk of coronary disease). Some phthalates esters have been identified as EDCs, for which inhalation is considered as one of the routes of exposure. However, only little is known regarding inhalational exposure to EDCs via urban airborne particles. In the present study, we report the monthly concentration of 8 phthalate esters measured in PM10 and PM2.5 collected and recovered during 7 months in a highly populated area of Mexico City. Using the levels of PM10 and PM2.5 reported by the automatized network of environmental monitoring of Mexico City for the sampling site, we estimated exposure levels for people of different ages and gender. Two endocrine disrupting compounds, the phthalate esters DEHP and DnBP, were found on the particles in higher concentrations during the warmer months of the year. The highest concentration was reported for DEHP (229.7μg/g of particles) in PM2.5 collected in May 2013. After calculations of the DEHP concentration in the atmosphere, and using the respiratory flow rate, we determined males were potentially exposed to larger quantities of DEHP, reaching up to 18ng/8h in April 2013. Despite the concentrations of phthalates seem to be rather small, a comprehensive characterization of its presence is necessary in order to evaluate the overall exposure to these compounds, providing a clear view of exposure on children, adolescents and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Omar Quintana-Belmares
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico
| | - Annette M Krais
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bahare Kourangi Esfahani
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Irma Rosas-Pérez
- Aerobiology Laboratory, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mucs
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.
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Sanchez Garcia D, Sjödin M, Hellstrandh M, Norinder U, Nikiforova V, Lindberg J, Wincent E, Bergman Å, Cotgreave I, Munic Kos V. Cellular accumulation and lipid binding of perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs) - A comparison with lysosomotropic drugs. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 281:1-10. [PMID: 29248446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals accumulate in organisms through a variety of different mechanisms. Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) accumulate in lysosomes and bind to membranes causing phospholipidosis, whereas many lipophilic chemicals target adipose tissue. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely used as surfactants, but many of them are highly bioaccumulating and persistent in the environment, making them notorious environmental toxicants. Understanding the mechanisms of their bioaccumulation is, therefore, important for their regulation and substitution with new, less harmful chemicals. We compared the highly bioaccumulative perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS to its three less bioaccumulative alternatives perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), in their ability to accumulate and remain in lung epithelial cells (NCI-H292) and adipocytes (3T3-L1K) in vitro. As a reference point we tested a set of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs), known to highly accumulate in cells and strongly bind to phospholipids, together with their respective non-CAD controls. Finally, all compounds were examined for their ability to bind to neutral lipids and phospholipids in cell-free systems. Cellular accumulation and retention of the test compounds were highly correlated between the lung epithelial cells and adipocytes. Interestingly, although an anion itself, intensities of PFOS accumulation and retention in cells were comparable to those of CAD compounds, but PFOS failed to induce phospholipidosis or alter lysosomal volume. Compared to other lipophilicity measures, phospholipophilicity shows the highest correlation (Rˆ2 = 0.75) to cellular accumulation data in both cell types and best distinguishes between high and low accumulating compounds. This indicates that binding to phospholipids may be the most important component in driving high cellular accumulation in lung epithelial cells, as well as in adipocytes, and for both CADs and bioaccumulating PFASs. Obtained continuous PLS models based on compound's affinity for phospholipids and neutral lipids can be used as good prediction models of cellular accumulation and retention of PFASs and CADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sanchez Garcia
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Marcus Sjödin
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hellstrandh
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Ulf Norinder
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Violetta Nikiforova
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Johan Lindberg
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Emma Wincent
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.
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Yuan B, Strid A, Darnerud PO, de Wit CA, Nyström J, Bergman Å. Chlorinated paraffins leaking from hand blenders can lead to significant human exposures. Environ Int 2017; 109:73-80. [PMID: 28941391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorinated paraffins (CPs, polychlorinated n-alkanes) are versatile, high-production-volume chemicals. A previous study indicated that hand blenders leak CPs into prepared food. OBJECTIVES (1) to estimate exposure to CPs from hand blender use compared to background CP exposure from diet; (2) to assess the risk from human dietary exposure to CPs from hand blender use; (3) to investigate how hand blenders leak out CPs. METHODS CPs were analyzed in food market baskets, in cooking oil/water samples (1g oil/100mL water) mixed using 16 different hand blenders, and in dismantled components of the hand blenders. RESULTS Dietary intake of CPs from food market baskets was calculated to be 4.6μg/day per capita for Swedish adults. Total CP amounts in oil/water leakage samples ranged from <0.09 to 120μg using the hand blenders once. CP leakage showed no decreasing levels after 20 times of hand blender usage. CP profiles in the leakage samples matched those of self-lubricating bearings and/or polymer components disassembled from the hand blenders. CONCLUSIONS Usage of 75% of the hand blenders tested will lead to increased human exposure to CPs. The intake of CPs for Swedish adults by using hand blenders once a day can raise their daily dietary intake by a factor of up to 26. The 95th percentile intake of CPs via using the hand blenders once a day exceeded the TDI for Swedish infants with a body weight <7.2kg. CP leakage came from blender components which contain CPs. The leakage may last several hundred times of hand blender use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Strid
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Ola Darnerud
- Risk Benefit Assessment Department, National Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Nyström
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
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Zhou Y, Yin G, Asplund L, Stewart K, Rantakokko P, Bignert A, Ruokojärvi P, Kiviranta H, Qiu Y, Ma Z, Bergman Å. Human exposure to PCDDs and their precursors from heron and tern eggs in the Yangtze River Delta indicate PCP origin. Environ Pollut 2017; 225:184-192. [PMID: 28371733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are highly toxic to humans and wildlife. In the present study, PCDD/Fs were analyzed in the eggs of whiskered terns (Chlidonias hybrida), and genetically identified eggs from black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) sampled from two lakes in the Yangtze River Delta area, China. The median toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs were 280 (range: 95-1500) and 400 (range: 220-1100) pg TEQ g-1 lw (WHO, 1998 for birds) in the eggs of black-crowned night heron and whiskered tern, respectively. Compared to known sources, concentrations of PCDDs relative to the sum of PCDD/Fs in bird eggs, demonstrated high abundance of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexaCDD indicating pentachlorophenol (PCP), and/or sodium pentachlorophenolate (Na-PCP) as significant sources of the PCDD/Fs. The presence of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), hydroxylated and methoxylated polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (OH- and MeO-PCDEs, known impurities in PCP products), corroborates this hypothesis. Further, significant correlations were found between the predominant congener CDE-206, 3'-OH-CDE-207, 2'-MeO-CDE-206 and OCDD, indicating a common origin. Eggs from the two lakes are sometimes used for human consumption. The WHO health-based tolerable intake of PCDD/Fs is exceeded if eggs from the two lakes are consumed regularly on a weekly basis, particularly for children. The TEQs extensively exceed maximum levels for PCDD/Fs in hen eggs and egg products according to EU legislation (2.5 pg TEQ g-1lw). The results suggest immediate action should be taken to manage the contamination, and further studies evaluating the impacts of egg consumption from wild birds in China. Likewise, studies on dioxins and other POPs in common eggs need to be initiated around China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ge Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathryn Stewart
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anders Bignert
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Päivi Ruokojärvi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Swetox, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, SE-15136 Södertälje, Sweden
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Yin G, Athanassiadis I, Bergman Å, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Asplund L. A refined method for analysis of 4,4'-dicofol and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:13307-13314. [PMID: 28386885 PMCID: PMC5434158 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The acaricide, dicofol, is a well-known pesticide and partly a substitute for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Only few reports on environmental occurrence and concentrations have been reported calling for improvements. Hence, an analytical method was further developed for dicofol and dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) to enable assessments of their environmental occurrence. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove lipids and to separate dicofol from DCBP. On-column injection was used as an alternative to splitless injection to protect dicofol from thermal decomposition. By the method presented herein, it is possible to quantify dicofol and DCBP in the same samples. Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) were spiked at two dose levels and the recoveries were determined. The mean recovery for dicofol was 65% at the low dose (1 ng) and 77% at the high dose (10 ng). The mean recovery for DCBP was 99% at the low dose (9.2 ng) and 146% at the high dose (46 ng). The method may be further improved by use of another lipid removal method, e.g., gel permeation chromatography. The method implies a step forward in dicofol environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Athanassiadis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Forskargatan 20, SE-15136, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Yihui Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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Norrgran Engdahl J, Bignert A, Jones B, Athanassiadis I, Bergman Å, Weiss JM. Cats' Internal Exposure to Selected Brominated Flame Retardants and Organochlorines Correlated to House Dust and Cat Food. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:3012-3020. [PMID: 28192994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pet cats may be used as a biomarker for assessing exposures to organohalogen compounds (OHCs) adsorbed to household dust in home environments. This study explores two exposure routes of OHCs, ingestion of OHCs (i) via house dust and (ii) via cat food. House dust from 17 Swedish homes and serum from the participating families' pet cats were collected, and cat food was purchased matching the diet reported. Paired samples of cat serum, house dust, and cat food were analyzed for brominated flame retardants/natural products (polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromobiphenyl (BB-209), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP), OH-PBDEs) and organochlorines (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1,1-bis(4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), 1,1-bis(4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (4,4'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorophenol (PCP)). Significant correlations were found between serum and dust samples from the living rooms for BDE-47 (p < 0.035), BDE-99 (p < 0.035), and BDE-153 (p < 0.039), from the adult's bedroom for BDE-99 (p < 0.019) and from all rooms for BDE-99 (p < 0.020) and BB-209 (p < 0.048). This is the first time a correlation between cat serum levels and household dust has been established, a finding that supports the hypothesis that dust is a significant exposure route for cats. Serum levels were also significantly correlated with concentrations found in cat food for 6-OH-BDE47 (p < 0.002), 2,4,6-TBP (p < 0.035), and BB-209 (p < 0.007). DBDPE was found in high concentrations in all dust (median 154 pmol/g) and food samples (median 0.7 pmol/g lw) but was below detection in serum samples, suggesting low or no bioavailability for DBDPE in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Norrgran Engdahl
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Bignert
- Swedish Museum of Natural History , Frescativägen 40, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Athanassiadis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Centre (Swetox) , Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - J M Weiss
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Solecki R, Kortenkamp A, Bergman Å, Chahoud I, Degen GH, Dietrich D, Greim H, Håkansson H, Hass U, Husoy T, Jacobs M, Jobling S, Mantovani A, Marx-Stoelting P, Piersma A, Ritz V, Slama R, Stahlmann R, van den Berg M, Zoeller RT, Boobis AR. Scientific principles for the identification of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: a consensus statement. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1001-1006. [PMID: 27714423 PMCID: PMC5306068 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption is a specific form of toxicity, where natural and/or anthropogenic chemicals, known as "endocrine disruptors" (EDs), trigger adverse health effects by disrupting the endogenous hormone system. There is need to harmonize guidance on the regulation of EDs, but this has been hampered by what appeared as a lack of consensus among scientists. This publication provides summary information about a consensus reached by a group of world-leading scientists that can serve as the basis for the development of ED criteria in relevant EU legislation. Twenty-three international scientists from different disciplines discussed principles and open questions on ED identification as outlined in a draft consensus paper at an expert meeting hosted by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Berlin, Germany on 11-12 April 2016. Participants reached a consensus regarding scientific principles for the identification of EDs. The paper discusses the consensus reached on background, definition of an ED and related concepts, sources of uncertainty, scientific principles important for ED identification, and research needs. It highlights the difficulty in retrospectively reconstructing ED exposure, insufficient range of validated test systems for EDs, and some issues impacting on the evaluation of the risk from EDs, such as non-monotonic dose-response and thresholds, modes of action, and exposure assessment. This report provides the consensus statement on EDs agreed among all participating scientists. The meeting facilitated a productive debate and reduced a number of differences in views. It is expected that the consensus reached will serve as an important basis for the development of regulatory ED criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Hass
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Trine Husoy
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susan Jobling
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Vera Ritz
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Remy Slama
- Inserm, CNRS and University Grenoble-Alpes Joint Research Centre, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute of Risk Assessment Studies (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bourguignon JP, Slama R, Bergman Å, Demeneix B, Ivell R, Kortenkamp A, Panzica G, Trasande L, Zoeller RT. Science-based regulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals in Europe: which approach? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:643-646. [PMID: 27312524 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Liège and Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Rémy Slama
- Inserm, CNRS and University Grenoble Alpes, IAB Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Grenoble, France
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7221, Department RDDM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Richard Ivell
- School of Biosciences & School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University London, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge, UK
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics, Environmental Medicine and Population health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- University of Massachusetts, Biology Department, Amherst, MA, USA
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Kortenkamp A, Bourguignon JP, Slama R, Bergman Å, Demeneix B, Ivell R, Panzica G, Trasande L, Zoeller RT. EU regulation of endocrine disruptors: a missed opportunity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:649-650. [PMID: 27377541 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University London, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Liège and Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rémy Slama
- Inserm, CNRS and University Grenoble Alpes, IAB Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Grenoble, France
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7221, Department RDDM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Richard Ivell
- School of Biosciences & School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - GianCarlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics, Environmental Medicine and Population health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- University of Massachusetts, Biology Department, Amherst, MA, USA
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Vandenberg LN, Ågerstrand M, Beronius A, Beausoleil C, Bergman Å, Bero LA, Bornehag CG, Boyer CS, Cooper GS, Cotgreave I, Gee D, Grandjean P, Guyton KZ, Hass U, Heindel JJ, Jobling S, Kidd KA, Kortenkamp A, Macleod MR, Martin OV, Norinder U, Scheringer M, Thayer KA, Toppari J, Whaley P, Woodruff TJ, Rudén C. A proposed framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Environ Health 2016; 15:74. [PMID: 27412149 PMCID: PMC4944316 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is receiving wide attention from both the scientific and regulatory communities. Recent analyses of the EDC literature have been criticized for failing to use transparent and objective approaches to draw conclusions about the strength of evidence linking EDC exposures to adverse health or environmental outcomes. Systematic review methodologies are ideal for addressing this issue as they provide transparent and consistent approaches to study selection and evaluation. Objective methods are needed for integrating the multiple streams of evidence (epidemiology, wildlife, laboratory animal, in vitro, and in silico data) that are relevant in assessing EDCs. METHODS We have developed a framework for the systematic review and integrated assessment (SYRINA) of EDC studies. The framework was designed for use with the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and World Health Organization (WHO) definition of an EDC, which requires appraisal of evidence regarding 1) association between exposure and an adverse effect, 2) association between exposure and endocrine disrupting activity, and 3) a plausible link between the adverse effect and the endocrine disrupting activity. RESULTS Building from existing methodologies for evaluating and synthesizing evidence, the SYRINA framework includes seven steps: 1) Formulate the problem; 2) Develop the review protocol; 3) Identify relevant evidence; 4) Evaluate evidence from individual studies; 5) Summarize and evaluate each stream of evidence; 6) Integrate evidence across all streams; 7) Draw conclusions, make recommendations, and evaluate uncertainties. The proposed method is tailored to the IPCS/WHO definition of an EDC but offers flexibility for use in the context of other definitions of EDCs. CONCLUSIONS When using the SYRINA framework, the overall objective is to provide the evidence base needed to support decision making, including any action to avoid/minimise potential adverse effects of exposures. This framework allows for the evaluation and synthesis of evidence from multiple evidence streams. Finally, a decision regarding regulatory action is not only dependent on the strength of evidence, but also the consequences of action/inaction, e.g. limited or weak evidence may be sufficient to justify action if consequences are serious or irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Vandenberg
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Beronius
- />Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- />ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety), Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Åke Bergman
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lisa A. Bero
- />Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- />Department of health sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- />Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA
| | - C. Scott Boyer
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Ian Cotgreave
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Karolinska Institutet, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - David Gee
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- />Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ulla Hass
- />National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- />National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Susan Jobling
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Karen A. Kidd
- />Biology Department and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick Canada
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- />Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Olwenn V. Martin
- />Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ulf Norinder
- />Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Martin Scheringer
- />Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina A. Thayer
- />Department of Health and Human Services, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- />University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Paul Whaley
- />Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- />School of Medicine, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Christina Rudén
- />Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Meng XZ, Venkatesan AK, Ni YL, Steele JC, Wu LL, Bignert A, Bergman Å, Halden RU. Organic Contaminants in Chinese Sewage Sludge: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature of the Past 30 Years. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:5454-66. [PMID: 27144960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The production of sewage sludge is increasing in China but with unsafe disposal practices, causing potential risk to human health and the environment. Using literature from the past 30 years (N = 159), we conducted a meta-analysis of organic contaminants (OCs) in Chinese sludge. Most data were available from developed and populated regions, and no data were found for Tibet. Since 1987, 35 classes of chemicals consisting of 749 individual compounds and 1 mixture have been analyzed, in which antibiotics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the most targeted analytes. For 13 classes of principal OCs (defined as chemicals detected in over five studies) in sludge, the median (expressed in nanograms per gram dry weight) was the highest for phthalate esters (27 900), followed by alkylphenol polyethoxylates (12 000), synthetic musks (5800), antibiotics (4240), PAHs (3490), ultraviolet stabilizers (670), bisphenol analogs (160), organochlorine pesticides (110), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (100), pharmaceuticals (84), hormones (69), perfluorinated compounds (21), and polychlorinated biphenyls (15). Concentrations of PAHs in sludges collected between 1998 and 2012 showed a decreasing trend. Study findings suggest the need for a Chinese national sewage sludge survey to identify and regulate toxic OCs, ideally employing both targeted as well as nontargeted screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Arjun K Venkatesan
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative and School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe 85287, United States
| | - Yi-Lin Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Joshua C Steele
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative and School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe 85287, United States
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anders Bignert
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Bo 50007, Stockholm 104 05, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox) , Forskargatan 20, Södertälje 151 36, Sweden
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative and School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe 85287, United States
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Zhou Y, Asplund L, Yin G, Athanassiadis I, Wideqvist U, Bignert A, Qiu Y, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Bergman Å. Extensive organohalogen contamination in wildlife from a site in the Yangtze River Delta. Sci Total Environ 2016; 554-555:320-8. [PMID: 26956179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The environmental and human health concerns for organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) extend beyond the 23 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) regulated by the Stockholm Convention. The current, intense industrial production and use of chemicals in China and their bioaccumulation makes Chinese wildlife highly suitable for the assessment of legacy, novel and emerging environmental pollutants. In the present study, six species of amphibians, fish and birds were sampled from paddy fields in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were screened for OHCs. Some extensive contamination was found, both regarding number and concentrations of the analytes, among the species assessed. High concentrations of chlorinated paraffins were found in the snake, Short-tailed mamushi (range of 200-340 μg g(-)(1)lw), Peregrine falcon (8-59 μg g(-1)lw) and Asiatic toad (97 μg g(-)(1)lw). Novel contaminants and patterns were observed; octaCBs to decaCB made up 20% of the total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) content in the samples and new OHCs, substituted with 5-8 chlorines, were found but are not yet structurally confirmed. In addition, Dechlorane 602 (DDC-DBF) and numerous other OHCs (DDTs, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexbromocyclododecane (HBCDD), chlordane, heptachlor, endosulfan and Mirex) were found in all species analyzed. These data show extensive chemical contamination of wildlife in the YRD with a suite of OHCs with both known and unknown toxicities, calling for further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ge Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Athanassiadis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Wideqvist
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bignert
- Contaminant Research Group, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 15 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, SE-152 57 Södertälje, Sweden
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40
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Zoeller RT, Bergman Å, Becher G, Bjerregaard P, Bornman R, Brandt I, Iguchi T, Jobling S, Kidd KA, Kortenkamp A, Skakkebaek N, Toppari J, Vandenberg L. The Path Forward on Endocrine Disruptors Requires Focus on the Basics. Toxicol Sci 2016; 149:272. [PMID: 26811417 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Zhou Y, Yin G, Asplund L, Qiu Y, Bignert A, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Bergman Å. A novel pollution pattern: Highly chlorinated biphenyls retained in Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and Whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida) from the Yangtze River Delta. Chemosphere 2016; 150:491-498. [PMID: 26705146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated diphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and their methylated counterparts (MeO-PBDEs) were determined in Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and Whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida) from two drinking water sources, e.g. Tianmu lake and East Tai lake in Yangtze River Delta, China. A novel PCBs contamination pattern was detected, including 11% and 6.9% highly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs with eight to ten chlorines) in relation to total PCB concentrations in the Black-crowned night heron and Whiskered tern eggs, respectively. The predominating OCPs detected in the present study were 4,4'-DDE, with concentration range 280-650 ng g(-1) lw in Black-crowned night heron and 240-480 ng g(-1) lw in Whiskered tern, followed by β-HCH and Mirex. 6-MeO-BDE-90 and 6-MeO-BDE-99 are the two predominant congeners of MeO-PBDEs whereas 6-OH-BDE-47 contributes mostly to the OH-PBDEs in both species. Contamination level was considered as median or low level compared global data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Analytical and Toxicology Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ge Yin
- Analytical and Toxicology Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Analytical and Toxicology Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anders Bignert
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Åke Bergman
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Analytical and Toxicology Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center, Forskargatan 20, SE-15136 Södertälje, Sweden
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Lind L, Lind PM, Lejonklou MH, Dunder L, Bergman Å, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Lampa E, Lee HK, Legler J, Nadal A, Pak YK, Phipps RP, Vandenberg LN, Zalko D, Ågerstrand M, Öberg M, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ, Birnbaum LS. Uppsala Consensus Statement on Environmental Contaminants and the Global Obesity Epidemic. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:A81-3. [PMID: 27135406 PMCID: PMC4858400 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1511115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Summary: From the lectures presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Obesity and Environmental Contaminants, which was held in Uppsala, Sweden, on 8–9 October 2015, it became evident that the findings from numerous animal and epidemiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental contaminants could contribute to the global obesity epidemic. To increase awareness of this important issue among scientists, regulatory agencies, politicians, chemical industry management, and the general public, the authors summarize compelling scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis and discuss actions that could restrict the possible harmful effects of environmental contaminants on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - P. Monica Lind
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - Margareta H. Lejonklou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Dunder
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Lampa
- Uppsala Clinical Research (UCR) Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angel Nadal
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR1331 (Unité Mixe de Recherche 1331), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, INPT (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse), UPS (Universite Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
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Dahlberg AK, Chen VL, Larsson K, Bergman Å, Asplund L. Hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and their main food, Baltic blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus × Mytilus edulis). Chemosphere 2016; 144:1475-1483. [PMID: 26495833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) that breed in northern Europe and western Siberia and commonly winter in the Baltic Sea, are threatened by a significant population decrease. The ducks are, by primarily feeding on Baltic blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus × Mytilus edulis) while wintering in the Baltic Sea, potentially subjected to high levels of toxic hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs). To assess long-tailed ducks exposure to polybrominated phenols (PBPs), polybrominated anisoles (PBAs), hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), their methylated counterparts (MeO-PBDEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), livers of ten long-tailed ducks wintering in the Baltic Sea were analysed. Pattern and levels of analytes in long-tailed ducks (liver) and blue mussels sampled in March and May at nine sites in the Baltic Sea were compared. The geometric mean concentration (ng/g l.w.) in livers of long-tailed ducks and Baltic blue mussels were: Σ(2)PBPs: 0.57 and 48; Σ(2)PBAs: 0.83 and 11; Σ(7)OH-PBDEs: 6.1 and 45; Σ(7)MeO-PBDEs: 3.8 and 69; Σ(7)PBDEs: 8.0 and 7.2, respectively. Based on an estimated daily intake of 450 g fresh blue mussel meat, long-tailed ducks daily dietary intake of brominated substances while foraging in the Baltic Sea in March-May was estimated to; 390 ng Σ(2)PBPs, 90 ng Σ(2)PBAs, 370 ng Σ(7)OH-PBDEs, 590 ng Σ(7)MeO-PBDEs and 59 ng Σ(7)PBDEs. The low levels of PBPs, PBAs, OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs in the long-tailed duck livers compared to blue mussel, despite a continuous daily intake, suggest that these compounds are poorly retained in long-tailed ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Dahlberg
- Analytical and Toxicological Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivian Lindberg Chen
- Analytical and Toxicological Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Larsson
- Kalmar Maritime Academy, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Analytical and Toxicological Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Asplund
- Analytical and Toxicological Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cao J, Xu X, Hylkema MN, Zeng EY, Sly PD, Suk WA, Bergman Å, Huo X. Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems. Ann Glob Health 2016; 82:119-31. [PMID: 27325070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and tobacco smoke adversely affect fetal development and organ maturation, even after birth. The developing immune and respiratory systems are more sensitive to environmental toxicants due to their long-term physical development, starting from the early embryonic stage and persisting into early postnatal life, which requires complex signaling pathways that control proliferation and differentiation of highly heterogeneous cell types. In this review, we summarize the effect of early-life exposure to several widespread environmental toxicants on immune and lung development before and after birth, including the effects on immune cell counts, baseline characteristics of cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and alteration of lung structure and function in offspring. We also review evidence supporting the association between early-life exposure to environmental toxicants and risk for immune-related diseases and lung dysfunction in offspring in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Cao
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - William A Suk
- Hazardous Substances Research Branch, Superfund Research Program, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Al-Anati L, Viluksela M, Strid A, Bergman Å, Andersson PL, Stenius U, Högberg J. Hydroxyl metabolite of PCB 180 induces DNA damage signaling and enhances the DNA damaging effect of benzo[a]pyrene. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 239:164-73. [PMID: 26148434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxyl metabolites (OH-PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants in human tissues and blood. The toxicological impact of these metabolites is poorly understood. In this study rats were exposed to ultrapure PCB180 (10-1000mg/kgbw) for 28days and induction of genotoxic stress in liver was investigated. DNA damage signaling proteins (pChk1Ser317 and γH2AXSer319) were increased dose dependently in female rats. This increase was paralleled by increasing levels of the metabolite 3'-OH-PCB180. pChk1 was the most sensitive marker. In in vitro studies HepG2 cells were exposed to 1μM of PCB180 and 3'-OH-PCB180 or the positive control benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, 5μM). 3'-OH-PCB180, but not PCB180, induced CYP1A1 mRNA and γH2AX. CYP1A1 mRNA induction was seen at 1h, and γH2AX at 3h. The anti-oxidant N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine (NAC) completely prevented, and 17β-estradiol amplified the γH2AX induction by 3'-OH-PCB180. As 3'-OH-PCB180 induced CYP1A1, a major BaP-metabolizing and activating enzyme, interactions between 3'-OH-PCB180 and BaP was also studied. The metabolite amplified the DNA damage signaling response to BaP. In conclusion, metabolism of PCB180 to its hydroxyl metabolite and the subsequent induction of CYP1A1 seem important for DNA damage induced by PCB180 in vivo. Amplification of the response with estradiol may explain why DNA damage was only seen in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauy Al-Anati
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Chemicals and Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Strid
- Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Högberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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46
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Ulhaq M, Sundström M, Larsson P, Gabrielsson J, Bergman Å, Norrgren L, Örn S. Tissue uptake, distribution and elimination of (14)C-PFOA in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquat Toxicol 2015; 163:148-157. [PMID: 25897689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a long-chain perfluorinated chemical that has been shown to be non-degradable and persistent in the environment. Laboratory studies on bioconcentration and compound-specific tissue distribution in fish can be valuable for prediction of the persistence and environmental effects of the chemicals. In the present study male and female zebrafish (Danio rerio) were continuously exposed to 10μg/L of radiolabeled perfluorooctanoic acid ((14)C-PFOA) for 40 days, after which the exposed fish were transferred to fresh clean water for another 80 days wash-out period. At defined periodic intervals during the uptake and wash-out, fish were sampled for liquid scintillation counting and whole body autoradiography to profile the bioconcentration and tissue distribution of PFOA. The steady-state concentration of (14)C-PFOA in the zebrafish was reached within 20-30 days of exposure. The concentration-time course of (14)C-PFOA displayed a bi-exponential decline during washout, with a terminal half-life of approximately 13-14 days. At steady-state the bioconcentration of (14)C-PFOA into whole-body fish was approximately 20-30 times greater than that of the exposure concentration, with no differences between females and males. The bioconcentration factors for liver and intestine were approximately 100-fold of the exposure medium, while in brain, ovary and gall bladder the accumulation factors were in the range 15-20. Whole-body autoradiograms confirmed the highest labeling of PFOA in bile and intestines, which implies enterohepatic circulation of PFOA. The (14)C-PFOA was also observed in maturing vitellogenic oocytes, suggesting chemical accumulation via yolk proteins into oocytes with plausible risk for adverse effects on early embryonic development and offspring health. The bioconcentration at several (14)C-PFOA exposure concentrations were also investigated (0.3-30μg/L). This showed that bioconcentration increased linearly with tank exposure in the present in vivo model under steady-state conditions. From this model tissue concentrations of PFOA can be predicted when the external exposure level is known. The present study has generated experimental data on PFOA kinetics in zebrafish that can be valuable for aquatic environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Ulhaq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Sundström
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Larsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Gabrielsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Norrgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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47
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Fång J, Nyberg E, Winnberg U, Bignert A, Bergman Å. Spatial and temporal trends of the Stockholm Convention POPs in mothers' milk -- a global review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:8989-9041. [PMID: 25913228 PMCID: PMC4473027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been of environmental and health concern for more than half a century and have their own intergovernmental regulation through the Stockholm Convention, from 2001. One major concern is the nursing child's exposure to POPs, a concern that has led to a very large number of scientific studies on POPs in mothers' milk. The present review is a report on the assessment on worldwide spatial distributions of POPs and of their temporal trends. The data presented herein is a compilation based on scientific publications between 1995 and 2011. It is evident that the concentrations in mothers' milk depend on the use of pesticides and industrial chemicals defined as POPs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and "dioxins" are higher in the more industrialized areas, Europe and Northern America, whereas pesticides are higher in Africa and Asia and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are reported in higher concentrations in the USA. POPs are consequently distributed to women in all parts of the world and are thus delivered to the nursing child. The review points out several major problems in the reporting of data, which are crucial to enable high quality comparisons. Even though the data set is large, the comparability is hampered by differences in reporting. In conclusion, much more detailed instructions are needed for reporting POPs in mothers' milk. Temporal trend data for POPs in mothers' milk is scarce and is of interest when studying longer time series. The only two countries with long temporal trend studies are Japan and Sweden. In most cases, the trends show decreasing concentrations of POPs in mothers' milk. However, hexabromocyclododecane is showing increasing temporal concentration trends in both Japan and Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fång
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
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48
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Diamond ML, de Wit CA, Molander S, Scheringer M, Backhaus T, Lohmann R, Arvidsson R, Bergman Å, Hauschild M, Holoubek I, Persson L, Suzuki N, Vighi M, Zetzsch C. Exploring the planetary boundary for chemical pollution. Environ Int 2015; 78:8-15. [PMID: 25679962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rockström et al. (2009a, 2009b) have warned that humanity must reduce anthropogenic impacts defined by nine planetary boundaries if "unacceptable global change" is to be avoided. Chemical pollution was identified as one of those boundaries for which continued impacts could erode the resilience of ecosystems and humanity. The central concept of the planetary boundary (or boundaries) for chemical pollution (PBCP or PBCPs) is that the Earth has a finite assimilative capacity for chemical pollution, which includes persistent, as well as readily degradable chemicals released at local to regional scales, which in aggregate threaten ecosystem and human viability. The PBCP allows humanity to explicitly address the increasingly global aspects of chemical pollution throughout a chemical's life cycle and the need for a global response of internationally coordinated control measures. We submit that sufficient evidence shows stresses on ecosystem and human health at local to global scales, suggesting that conditions are transgressing the safe operating space delimited by a PBCP. As such, current local to global pollution control measures are insufficient. However, while the PBCP is an important conceptual step forward, at this point single or multiple PBCPs are challenging to operationalize due to the extremely large number of commercial chemicals or mixtures of chemicals that cause myriad adverse effects to innumerable species and ecosystems, and the complex linkages between emissions, environmental concentrations, exposures and adverse effects. As well, the normative nature of a PBCP presents challenges of negotiating pollution limits amongst societal groups with differing viewpoints. Thus, a combination of approaches is recommended as follows: develop indicators of chemical pollution, for both control and response variables, that will aid in quantifying a PBCP(s) and gauging progress towards reducing chemical pollution; develop new technologies and technical and social approaches to mitigate global chemical pollution that emphasize a preventative approach; coordinate pollution control and sustainability efforts; and facilitate implementation of multiple (and potentially decentralized) control efforts involving scientists, civil society, government, non-governmental organizations and international bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 3B1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sverker Molander
- Environmental Systems Analysis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Leuphana University Lüneburg, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States
| | - Rickard Arvidsson
- Environmental Systems Analysis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, Sweden
| | - Michael Hauschild
- Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Nils Koppels Allé, Building 426 D, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ivan Holoubek
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Linn Persson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Linnégatan 87D, Box 24218, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Strategic Risk Management Research Section, Center for Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Marco Vighi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milan 20126, Italy
| | - Cornelius Zetzsch
- Forschungsstelle für Atmosphärische Chemie, Dr. Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, Universität Bayreuth, D-954 48 Bayreuth, Germany
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49
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Norrgran J, Jones B, Bignert A, Athanassiadis I, Bergman Å. Higher PBDE serum concentrations may be associated with feline hyperthyroidism in Swedish cats. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:5107-5114. [PMID: 25807268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serum from 82 individual cats was analyzed for decabromobiphenyl (BB-209), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs), and 2,4,6-TBP in order to study differences in body burden between healthy and sick cats diagnosed with Feline Hyperthyroidism (FH). Within the study group, 60 of these cats had a euthyroid (n = 23) or hyperthyroid (n = 37) status, all of which were used in the comparison. This study shows that hyperthyroid compared to euthyroid cats have higher serum concentrations for some of the investigated PBDEs (BDE-99, BDE-153, and BDE-183) and CB-153 on a fat weight basis. Further, it is intriguing, and beyond explanation, why the flame retardant BB-209 (discontinued in 2000) is present in all of the cat serum samples in concentrations similar to BDE-209. Median BDE-47/-99 ratios are 0.47 and 0.32 for healthy and euthyroid cats, respectively, which differs significantly from Swedes, where the ratio is 3.5. Another important finding is the occurrence of very low levels or the absence of hydroxylated PBDE metabolites in the cats. In addition, the major OH-PBDE, 6-OH-BDE47, is likely of natural origin, probably ingested via cat food. The statistics indicate an association between elevated PBDE concentrations in the cats and FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Norrgran
- †Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernt Jones
- ‡Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Bignert
- §Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, SE-114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Athanassiadis
- †Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- †Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry Unit, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- ∥Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Forskargatan 20, SE-151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
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50
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Yin G, Asplund L, Qiu Y, Zhou Y, Wang H, Yao Z, Jiang J, Bergman Å. Chlorinated and brominated organic pollutants in shellfish from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:1713-22. [PMID: 24958534 PMCID: PMC6684575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The global contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs), or compounds with similar characteristics, is well known. Still there are data gaps for POP concentrations from many areas in the world. The aim of the present study is to assess several legacies POPs and also hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in shellfish from three locations in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The sources of the contaminants are discussed. Pooled samples were treated by liquid-liquid extraction and acid and column cleanup prior to analysis by gas chromatogram equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The by far most abundant environmental contaminant originates from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), independent of species analyzed or sampling site. The results indicate ongoing or at least recent discharges of DDT. The second highest concentrations were reported for HBCDD (21-40 ng/g fat) in the shellfish, independent of sampling sites. The two natural products, 6-MeO-BDE-47 and 2'-MeO-BDE-68, were also present in the shellfish (1.3-22 and 1-14 ng/g fat, respectively). The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener CB-153 (0.8-6.5 ng/g fat), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (1.1-3.6 ng/g fat), and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) (2.3-4.9 ng/g fat) were all higher than the concentrations of other HCH isomers, β-endosulfan, PBDE congeners, and mirex. Apart from the DDTs and HBCDDs, it is evident that the pollution of shellfish was similar to, or lower than, the contamination of shellfish in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden,
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