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Ullas S, Sinclair C. Applications of Flow Cytometry in Drug Discovery and Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3851. [PMID: 38612661 PMCID: PMC11011675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a mainstay technique in cell biology research, where it is used for phenotypic analysis of mixed cell populations. Quantitative approaches have unlocked a deeper value of flow cytometry in drug discovery research. As the number of drug modalities and druggable mechanisms increases, there is an increasing drive to identify meaningful biomarkers, evaluate the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), and translate these insights into the evaluation of patients enrolled in early clinical trials. In this review, we discuss emerging roles for flow cytometry in the translational setting that supports the transition and evaluation of novel compounds in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Sinclair
- Flagship Pioneering, 140 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA;
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2
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Verhaar ER, Knoflook A, Pishesha N, Liu X, van Keizerswaard WJC, Wucherpfennig KW, Ploegh HL. MICA-specific nanobodies for diagnosis and immunotherapy of MICA + tumors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368586. [PMID: 38550583 PMCID: PMC10973119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
MICA and MICB are Class I MHC-related glycoproteins that are upregulated on the surface of cells in response to stress, for instance due to infection or malignant transformation. MICA/B are ligands for NKG2D, an activating receptor on NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and γδ T cells. Upon engagement of MICA/B with NKG2D, these cytotoxic cells eradicate MICA/B-positive targets. MICA is frequently overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells of epithelial and hematopoietic origin. Here, we created nanobodies that recognize MICA. Nanobodies, or VHHs, are the recombinantly expressed variable regions of camelid heavy chain-only immunoglobulins. They retain the capacity of antigen recognition but are characterized by their stability and ease of production. The nanobodies described here detect surface-disposed MICA on cancer cells in vitro by flow cytometry and can be used therapeutically as nanobody-drug conjugates when fused to the Maytansine derivative DM1. The nanobody-DM1 conjugate selectively kills MICA positive tumor cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha R. Verhaar
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Knoflook
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xin Liu
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Kai W. Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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3
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Bonnet V, Maikranz E, Madec M, Vertti-Quintero N, Cuche C, Mastrogiovanni M, Alcover A, Di Bartolo V, Baroud CN. Cancer-on-a-chip model shows that the adenomatous polyposis coli mutation impairs T cell engagement and killing of cancer spheroids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316500121. [PMID: 38442157 PMCID: PMC10945811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eliminate tumor cells is crucial, for instance, to predict the efficiency of cell therapy in personalized medicine. However, the destruction of a tumor by CTLs involves CTL migration in the extra-tumoral environment, accumulation on the tumor, antigen recognition, and cooperation in killing the cancer cells. Therefore, identifying the limiting steps in this complex process requires spatio-temporal measurements of different cellular events over long periods. Here, we use a cancer-on-a-chip platform to evaluate the impact of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation on CTL migration and cytotoxicity against 3D tumor spheroids. The APC mutated CTLs are found to have a reduced ability to destroy tumor spheroids compared with control cells, even though APC mutants migrate in the extra-tumoral space and accumulate on the spheroids as efficiently as control cells. Once in contact with the tumor however, mutated CTLs display reduced engagement with the cancer cells, as measured by a metric that distinguishes different modes of CTL migration. Realigning the CTL trajectories around localized killing cascades reveals that all CTLs transition to high engagement in the 2 h preceding the cascades, which confirms that the low engagement is the cause of reduced cytotoxicity. Beyond the study of APC mutations, this platform offers a robust way to compare cytotoxic cell efficiency of even closely related cell types, by relying on a multiscale cytometry approach to disentangle complex interactions and to identify the steps that limit the tumor destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Bonnet
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau91120, France
| | - Erik Maikranz
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau91120, France
| | - Marianne Madec
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva 4CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Vertti-Quintero
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Céline Cuche
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, New York, NY10461
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Institut Pasteur, Department of immunology, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Charles N. Baroud
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Université Paris Cité, Physical Microfluidics and Bioengineering, ParisF-75015, France
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau91120, France
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Henderson NC, Nam K, Feng D. Nonparametric analysis of delayed treatment effects using single-crossing constraints. Biom J 2024; 66:e2200165. [PMID: 38403463 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Clinical trials involving novel immuno-oncology therapies frequently exhibit survival profiles which violate the proportional hazards assumption due to a delay in treatment effect, and, in such settings, the survival curves in the two treatment arms may have a crossing before the two curves eventually separate. To flexibly model such scenarios, we describe a nonparametric approach for estimating the treatment arm-specific survival functions which constrains these two survival functions to cross at most once without making any additional assumptions about how the survival curves are related. A main advantage of our approach is that it provides an estimate of a crossing time if such a crossing exists, and, moreover, our method generates interpretable measures of treatment benefit including crossing-conditional survival probabilities and crossing-conditional estimates of restricted residual mean life. Our estimates of these measures may be used together with efficacy measures from a primary analysis to provide further insight into differences in survival across treatment arms. We demonstrate the use and effectiveness of our approach with a large simulation study and an analysis of reconstructed outcomes from a recent combination therapy trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kijoeng Nam
- BARDS, Merck & Co., Inc., North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dai Feng
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tai SB, Lee ECY, Lim BY, Kannan B, Lee JY, Guo Z, Ko TK, Ng CCY, Teh BT, Chan JY. Tumor-Infiltrating Mast Cells in Angiosarcoma Correlate With Immuno-Oncology Pathways and Adverse Clinical Outcomes. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100323. [PMID: 38218317 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have described several molecular subtypes and deregulation of immuno-oncologic signaling pathways in angiosarcoma. Interestingly, mast cells were enriched in subsets of angiosarcoma, although their significance remains unknown. In this study, we aim to verify this observation using immunohistochemistry (H scores) and NanoString transcriptomic profiling and explore the association between mast cells with clinical and biological features. In the study cohort (N = 60), H scores showed a significant moderate correlation with NanoString mast cell scores (r = 0.525; P < .001). Both H score and NanoString mast cell scores showed a significant positive correlation (P < .05) with head and neck location, nonepithelioid morphology, and lower tumor grade. Mast cell enrichment significantly correlated with higher NanoString regulatory T-cell scores (H score, r = 0.32; P = .01; NanoString mast cell score, r = 0.27; P = .04). NanoString mast cell scores positively correlated with signaling pathways relating to antigen presentation (r = 0.264; P = .0414) and negatively correlated with apoptosis (r = -0.366; P = .0040), DNA damage repair (r = -0.348; P = .0064), and cell proliferation (r = -0.542; P < .001). Interestingly, in the metastatic setting, patients with mast cell-enriched angiosarcoma showed poorer progression-free survival (median, 0.2 vs 0.4 years; hazard ratio = 3.05; P = .0489) along with a trend toward worse overall survival (median, 0.2 vs 0.6 years; hazard ratio, 2.86; P = .0574) compared with patients with mast cell-poor angiosarcoma. In conclusion, we demonstrated the presence of mast cells in human angiosarcoma and provided initial evidence of their potential clinical and biological significance. Future research will be required to elucidate their specific roles and mechanisms, which may uncover novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beishan Tai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Boon Yee Lim
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bavani Kannan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zexi Guo
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Kiat Ko
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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Monnickendam G. Assessing the Performance of Alternative Methods for Estimating Long-Term Survival Benefit of Immuno-oncology Therapies. Value Health 2024:S1098-3015(24)00080-9. [PMID: 38428815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the accuracy and consistency of established methods of extrapolating mean survival for immuno-oncology (IO) therapies, the extent of any systematic biases in estimating long-term clinical benefit, what influences the magnitude of any bias, and the potential implications for health technology assessment. METHODS A targeted literature search was conducted to identify published long-term follow-up from clinical trials of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Earlier published results were identified and Kaplan-Meier estimates for short- and long-term follow-up were digitized and converted to pseudo-individual patient data using an established algorithm. Six standard parametric, 5 flexible parametric, and 2 mixture-cure models (MCMs) were used to extrapolate long-term survival. Mean and restricted mean survival time (RMST) were estimated and compared between short- and long-term follow-up. RESULTS Predicted RMST from extrapolation of early data underestimated observed RMST in long-term follow-up for 184 of 271 extrapolations. All models except the MCMs frequently underestimated observed RMST. Mean survival estimates increased with longer follow-up in 196 of 270 extrapolations. The increase exceeded 20% in 122 extrapolations. Log-logistic and log-normal models showed the smallest change with additional follow-up. MCM performance varied substantially with functional form. CONCLUSIONS Standard and flexible parametric models frequently underestimate mean survival for IO treatments. Log-logistic and log-normal models may be the most pragmatic and parsimonious solutions for estimating IO mean survival from immature data. Flexible parametric models may be preferred when the data used in health technology assessment are more mature. MCMs fitted to immature data produce unreliable results and are not recommended.
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Yousafzai NA, El Khalki L, Wang W, Szpendyk J, Sossey-Alaoui K. Advances in 3D Culture Models to Study Exosomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:883. [PMID: 38473244 PMCID: PMC10931050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, exhibits distinct subtypes with varying pathological, genetic, and clinical characteristics. Despite advancements in breast cancer treatments, its histological and molecular heterogeneity pose a significant clinical challenge. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapeutics, adds to the complexity of breast cancer treatment. Recent years have witnessed the development of advanced 3D culture technologies, such as organoids and spheroids, providing more representative models of healthy human tissue and various malignancies. These structures, resembling organs in structure and function, are generated from stem cells or organ-specific progenitor cells via self-organizing processes. Notably, 3D culture systems bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, offering a more accurate representation of in vivo tumors' characteristics. Exosomes, small nano-sized molecules secreted by breast cancer and stromal/cancer-associated fibroblast cells, have garnered significant attention. They play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, influencing tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. The 3D culture environment enhances exosome efficiency compared to traditional 2D cultures, impacting the transfer of specific cargoes and therapeutic effects. Furthermore, 3D exosomes have shown promise in improving therapeutic outcomes, acting as potential vehicles for cancer treatment administration. Studies have demonstrated their role in pro-angiogenesis and their innate therapeutic potential in mimicking cellular therapies without side effects. The 3D exosome model holds potential for addressing challenges associated with drug resistance, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance and serving as a platform for drug screening. This review seeks to emphasize the crucial role of 3D culture systems in studying breast cancer, especially in understanding the involvement of exosomes in cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelum Aziz Yousafzai
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Lamyae El Khalki
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Justin Szpendyk
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
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Albu DI, Wolf BJ, Qin Y, Wang X, Daniel Ulumben A, Su M, Li V, Ding E, Angel Gonzalo J, Kong J, Jadhav R, Kuklin N, Visintin A, Gong B, Schuetz TJ. A bispecific anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibody induces PD-1 cleavage and provides enhanced anti-tumor activity. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2316945. [PMID: 38379869 PMCID: PMC10877993 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2316945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial strategies, such as targeting different immune checkpoint receptors, hold promise to increase the breadth and duration of the response to cancer therapy. Here we describe the preclinical evaluation of CTX-8371, a protein construct which combines PD-1 and PD-L1 targeting in one bispecific, tetravalent antibody. CTX-8371 matched or surpassed the activity of anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 benchmark antibodies in several in vitro T cell activation assays and outperformed clinically approved benchmarks in the subcutaneous MC38 colon and the B16F10 lung metastasis mouse tumor models. Investigation into the mechanism of action revealed that CTX-8371 co-engagement of PD-1 and PD-L1 induced the proteolytic cleavage and loss of cell surface PD-1, which is a novel and non-redundant mechanism that adds to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis blockade. The combination of CTX-8371 and an agonistic anti-CD137 antibody further increased the anti-tumor efficacy with long-lasting curative therapeutic effect. In summary, CTX-8371 is a novel checkpoint inhibitor that might provide greater clinical benefit compared to current anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies, especially when combined with agents with orthogonal mechanisms of action, such as agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Qin
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mei Su
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian Li
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Kong
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bing Gong
- Compass Therapeutics Inc, Boston, MA, USA
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Murtagh G, deFilippi C, Zhao Q, Barac A. Circulating biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis: time for a risk-based approach. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1350585. [PMID: 38410245 PMCID: PMC10894940 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1350585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that block immune checkpoints and therefore activate immune cells, allowing them to recognize and attack cancer cells. ICIs have revolutionized oncology practice, but their use has been complicated by immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Of cardiovascular (CV) irAEs, ICI-related myocarditis has received significant attention due to high mortality rates, ranging from 25% to 50%, despite its overall low incidence. Establishing the early diagnosis of ICI-myocarditis is important for early initiation of steroids and consideration of hospitalization in patients who are at risk for hemodynamic compromise and need high acuity care in a tertiary setting. In this review, we summarize the diagnostic and prognostic tools for ICI-myocarditis, including electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, with emphasis on circulating biomarkers. Cardiac troponins (cTns) are an essential component of the diagnosis of ICI-myocarditis, and we provide a summary of the recent studies that utilized different assays (cTnI vs. cTnT) and outcomes (diagnosis vs. prognosis including major adverse cardiac outcomes). With the exponential increase in ICI use across different oncology indications, there is a major need to include biomarkers in risk stratification to guide diagnosis and treatment. Our review proposes a framework for future multisite registries, including cTn evaluation at baseline and at the time of irAE suspicion, with development of central biobanking to allow head-to-head evaluation and clinical validation of different biomarker assays in ICI-myocarditis. This approach, with the inclusion of CV biomarkers into clinical and pragmatic oncology trials, holds promise to improve the early recognition and management of ICI-myocarditis and CV irAEs, thus leading to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Murtagh
- Core Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | | | - Qiong Zhao
- Inova Schar Heart and Vascular, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Ana Barac
- Inova Schar Heart and Vascular, Falls Church, VA, United States
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He L, Zhang MY, Cox M, Zhang Q, Donnell AF, Zhang Y, Tarby C, Gill P, Subbaiah MAM, Ramar T, Reddy M, Puttapaka V, Li YX, Sivaprakasam P, Critton D, Mulligan D, Xie C, Ramakrishnan R, Nagar J, Dudhgaonkar S, Murtaza A, Oderinde MS, Schieven GL, Mathur A, Gavai AV, Vite G, Gangwar S, Poudel YB. Identification and Optimization of Small Molecule Pyrazolopyrimidine TLR7 Agonists for Applications in Immuno-oncology. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:189-196. [PMID: 38352849 PMCID: PMC10860188 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small molecule toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists have gathered considerable interest as promising therapeutic agents for applications in cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we describe the development and optimization of a series of novel TLR7 agonists through systematic structure-activity relationship studies focusing on modification of the phenylpiperidine side chain. Additional refinement of ADME properties culminated in the discovery of compound 14, which displayed nanomolar reporter assay activity and favorable drug-like properties. Compound 14 demonstrated excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles and synergistic antitumor activity when administered in combination with aPD1 antibody, suggesting opportunities of employing 14 in immuno-oncology therapies with immune checkpoint blockade agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi He
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Meng Yao Zhang
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Matthew Cox
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Andrew F. Donnell
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Christine Tarby
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Patrice Gill
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | | | - Maheswara Reddy
- Biocon
Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Yi-Xin Li
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David Critton
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dawn Mulligan
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Radha Ramakrishnan
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- Biocon
Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Anwar Murtaza
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gary L. Schieven
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ashvinikumar V. Gavai
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Yam B. Poudel
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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11
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Poudel YB, He L, Cox M, Zhang Q, Johnson WL, Cong Q, Cheng H, Chowdari NS, Tarby C, Donnell AF, Broekema M, O’Malley DP, Zhang Y, A. M. Subbaiah M, Kumar BV, Subramani L, Wang B, Li YX, Sivaprakasam P, Critton D, Mulligan D, Sandhu B, Xie C, Ramakrishnan R, Nagar J, Dudhgaonkar S, Oderinde MS, Murtaza A, Schieven GL, Mathur A, Gavai AV, Vite G, Gangwar S. Discovery of Novel TLR7 Agonists as Systemic Agent for Combination With aPD1 for Use in Immuno-oncology. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:181-188. [PMID: 38352830 PMCID: PMC10860183 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We have designed and developed novel and selective TLR7 agonists that exhibited potent receptor activity in a cell-based reporter assay. In vitro, these agonists significantly induced secretion of cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFa, IFNa, and IP-10 in human and mouse whole blood. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in mice showed a significant secretion of IFNα and TNFα cytokines. When combined with aPD1 in a CT-26 tumor model, the lead compound showed strong synergistic antitumor activity with complete tumor regression in 8/10 mice dosed using the intravenous route. Structure-activity relationship studies enabled by structure-based designs of TLR7 agonists are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam B. Poudel
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Liqi He
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Matthew Cox
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Walter L. Johnson
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qiang Cong
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Heng Cheng
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Naidu S. Chowdari
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Christine Tarby
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Andrew F. Donnell
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Matthais Broekema
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Daniel P. O’Malley
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | - Boda Vijay Kumar
- The
Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC), Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Bei Wang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David Critton
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dawn Mulligan
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Bhupindar Sandhu
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Radha Ramakrishnan
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- The
Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC), Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anwar Murtaza
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gary L. Schieven
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ashvinikumar V. Gavai
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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12
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Iannantuono GM, Bracken-Clarke D, Karzai F, Choo-Wosoba H, Gulley JL, Floudas CS. Comparison of Large Language Models in Answering Immuno-Oncology Questions: A Cross-Sectional Study. Oncologist 2024:oyae009. [PMID: 38309720 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capability of large language models (LLMs) to understand and generate human-readable text has prompted the investigation of their potential as educational and management tools for patients with cancer and healthcare providers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the ability of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Google Bard to answer questions related to 4 domains of immuno-oncology (Mechanisms, Indications, Toxicities, and Prognosis). We generated 60 open-ended questions (15 for each section). Questions were manually submitted to LLMs, and responses were collected on June 30, 2023. Two reviewers evaluated the answers independently. RESULTS ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5 answered all questions, whereas Google Bard answered only 53.3% (P < .0001). The number of questions with reproducible answers was higher for ChatGPT-4 (95%) and ChatGPT3.5 (88.3%) than for Google Bard (50%) (P < .0001). In terms of accuracy, the number of answers deemed fully correct were 75.4%, 58.5%, and 43.8% for ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Google Bard, respectively (P = .03). Furthermore, the number of responses deemed highly relevant was 71.9%, 77.4%, and 43.8% for ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Google Bard, respectively (P = .04). Regarding readability, the number of highly readable was higher for ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5 (98.1%) and (100%) compared to Google Bard (87.5%) (P = .02). CONCLUSION ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5 are potentially powerful tools in immuno-oncology, whereas Google Bard demonstrated relatively poorer performance. However, the risk of inaccuracy or incompleteness in the responses was evident in all 3 LLMs, highlighting the importance of expert-driven verification of the outputs returned by these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maria Iannantuono
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dara Bracken-Clarke
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charalampos S Floudas
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Mangelinck A, Dubuisson A, Becht E, Dromaint-Catesson S, Fasquel M, Provost N, Walas D, Darville H, Galizzi JP, Lefebvre C, Blanc V, Lombardi V. Characterization of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells responses in the mixed lymphocyte reaction by flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1320481. [PMID: 38283342 PMCID: PMC10820991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) consists in the allogeneic co-culture of monocytes derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) with T cells from another donor. This in vitro assay is largely used for the assessment of immunotherapy compounds. Nevertheless, the phenotypic changes associated with lymphocyte responsiveness under MLR have never been thoroughly evaluated. Methods Here, we used multiplex cytokine and chemokine assays, multiparametric flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing to deeply characterize T cells activation and function in the context of CD4+- and CD8+-specific MLR kinetics. Results We showed that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in MLR share common classical markers of response such as polyfunctionality, increased proliferation and CD25 expression but differ in their kinetics and amplitude of activation as well as their patterns of cytokines secretion and immune checkpoints expression. The analysis of immunoreactive Ki-67+CD25+ T cells identified PBK, LRR1 and MYO1G as new potential markers of MLR response. Using cell-cell communication network inference and pathway analysis on single cell RNA sequencing data, we also highlighted key components of the immunological synapse occurring between T cells and the stimulatory MoDCs together with downstream signaling pathways involved in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activation. Conclusion These results provide a deep understanding of the kinetics of the MLR assay for CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and may allow to better characterize compounds impacting MLR and eventually identify new strategies for immunotherapy in cancer.
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14
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Patz EF, Gottlin EB, Simon GR. Perspective: rethinking therapeutic strategies in oncology. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1335987. [PMID: 38269024 PMCID: PMC10805859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1335987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immuno-oncology has revolutionized cancer care, drug development, the design of clinical trials, standard treatment paradigms, and the evaluation of response to therapy. These are all areas, however, that have not fully incorporated principles of tumor immunology. Insufficient emphasis is put on the effect drugs have on the immune system, and specifically, the impact that multiple lines of therapy can have on the functioning of the immune system, hindering a robust anti-tumor immune response. A paradigm shift in how we approach the development of novel immunotherapeutic agents is necessary to facilitate the effective improvements in patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Patz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Gottlin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - George R. Simon
- Department of Medical Oncology at Advent Health, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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15
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Samuelly A, Di Stefano RF, Turco F, Delcuratolo MD, Pisano C, Saporita I, Calabrese M, Carfì FM, Tucci M, Buttigliero C. Navigating the ICI Combination Treatment Journey: Patterns of Response and Progression to First-Line ICI-Based Combination Treatment in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:307. [PMID: 38256441 PMCID: PMC10816933 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or other ICIs has significantly improved the prognosis for patients with mccRCC. This marks a major milestone in the treatment of mccRCC. Nonetheless, most patients will discontinue first-line therapy. In this narrative review, we analyze the different patterns of treatment discontinuation in the four pivotal phase III trials that have shown an improvement in overall survival in mccRCC first-line therapy, starting from 1 January 2017 to 1 June 2023. We highlight the different discontinuation scenarios and their influences on subsequent treatment options, aiming to provide more data to clinicians to navigate a complex decision-making process through a narrative review approach. We have identified several causes for discontinuations for patients treated with ICI-based combinations, such as interruption for drug-related adverse events, ICI treatment completion, treatment discontinuation due to complete response or maximum clinical benefit, or due to progression (pseudoprogression, systemic progression, and oligoprogression); for each case, an extensive analysis of the trials and current medical review has been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Samuelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Rosario Francesco Di Stefano
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabio Turco
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Donatello Delcuratolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Chiara Pisano
- Department of Medical Oncology, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Isabella Saporita
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariangela Calabrese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Federica Maria Carfì
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Tucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (A.S.); (F.T.); (I.S.); (M.C.)
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16
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Kirkwood JM, Kottschade LA, McWilliams RR, Khushalani NI, Jang S, Hallmeyer S, McDermott DF, Tawbi H, Che M, Lee CH, Ritchings C, Le TK, Park B, Ramsey S. Real-world outcomes with immuno-oncology therapies in advanced melanoma: final results of the OPTIMIzE registry study. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:29-42. [PMID: 37937397 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The OPTIMIzE registry study evaluated real-world outcomes in patients with advanced melanoma receiving immuno-oncology therapies. Materials and methods: Data were collected for patients treated with anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) monotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab; n = 147) or nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n = 81) from 2015-2017 and followed for ≥3 years. Results: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy was associated with a nonsignificantly lower risk of death (adjusted HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.54-1.28; p = 0.41), higher disease control rate (72 vs 56%; p = 0.04), and stable quality of life, but more grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (54 vs 26%; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These results support the use of immuno-oncology therapy in advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Kirkwood
- Melanoma Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA
| | | | | | - Nikhil I Khushalani
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Sekwon Jang
- Department of Melanoma Research and Therapeutics, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA
| | - Sigrun Hallmeyer
- Department of Oncology, Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, IL 60068 USA
| | - David F McDermott
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Hussein Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Min Che
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | - Cho-Han Lee
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | | | | | - Boas Park
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | - Scott Ramsey
- Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
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17
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Nyesiga B, Levin M, Säll A, Rosén A, Jansson K, Fritzell S, Hägerbrand K, Weilguny D, von Schantz L. RUBY® - a tetravalent (2+2) bispecific antibody format with excellent functionality and IgG-like stability, pharmacology and developability properties. MAbs 2024; 16:2330113. [PMID: 38527972 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2330113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the large number of existing bispecific antibody (bsAb) formats, the generation of novel bsAbs is still associated with development and bioprocessing challenges. Here, we present RUBY, a novel bispecific antibody format that allows rapid generation of bsAbs that fulfill key development criteria. The RUBYTM format has a 2 + 2 geometry, where two Fab fragments are linked via their light chains to the C-termini of an IgG, and carries mutations for optimal chain pairing. The unique design enables generation of bsAbs with mAb-like attributes. Our data demonstrate that RUBY bsAbs are compatible with small-scale production systems for screening purposes and can be produced at high yields (>3 g/L) from stable cell lines. The bsAbs produced are shown to, in general, contain low amounts of aggregates and display favorable solubility and stress endurance profiles. Further, compatibility with various IgG isotypes is shown and tailored Fc gamma receptor binding confirmed. Also, retained interaction with FcRn is demonstrated to translate into a pharmacokinetic profile in mice and non-human primates that is comparable to mAb controls. Functionality of conditional active RUBY bsAbs is confirmed in vitro. Anti-tumor effects in vivo have previously been demonstrated, and shown to be superior to a comparable mAb, and here it is further shown that RUBY bsAbs penetrate and localize to tumor tissue in vivo. In all, the RUBY format has attractive mAb-like attributes and offers the possibility to mitigate many of the development challenges linked to other bsAb formats, facilitating both high functionality and developability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Nyesiga
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mattias Levin
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Säll
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rosén
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kim Jansson
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Fritzell
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Laureano RS, Vanmeerbeek I, Sprooten J, Govaerts J, Naulaerts S, Garg AD. The cell stress and immunity cycle in cancer: Toward next generation of cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:71-93. [PMID: 37937803 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The cellular stress and immunity cycle is a cornerstone of organismal homeostasis. Stress activates intracellular and intercellular communications within a tissue or organ to initiate adaptive responses aiming to resolve the origin of this stress. If such local measures are unable to ameliorate this stress, then intercellular communications expand toward immune activation with the aim of recruiting immune cells to effectively resolve the situation while executing tissue repair to ameliorate any damage and facilitate homeostasis. This cellular stress-immunity cycle is severely dysregulated in diseased contexts like cancer. On one hand, cancer cells dysregulate the normal cellular stress responses to reorient them toward upholding growth at all costs, even at the expense of organismal integrity and homeostasis. On the other hand, the tumors severely dysregulate or inhibit various components of organismal immunity, for example, by facilitating immunosuppressive tumor landscape, lowering antigenicity, and increasing T-cell dysfunction. In this review we aim to comprehensively discuss the basis behind tumoral dysregulation of cellular stress-immunity cycle. We also offer insights into current understanding of the regulators and deregulators of this cycle and how they can be targeted for conceptualizing successful cancer immunotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S Laureano
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Majumder A. Evolving CAR-T-Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: From Scientific Discovery to Cures. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:39. [PMID: 38201467 PMCID: PMC10777914 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has emerged as the most promising immunotherapy for cancer that typically uses patients' T cells and genetically engineered them to target cancer cells. Although recent improvements in CAR-T-cell therapy have shown remarkable success for treating hematological malignancies, the heterogeneity in tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) limits its efficacy in solid tumors. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made to make CAR-T-cell therapy more effective and have minimal side effects for treating hematological malignancies, more research needs to be conducted regarding its use in the clinic for treating various other types of cancer. The main concern for CAR-T-cell therapy is severe toxicities due to the cytokine release syndrome, whereas the other challenges are associated with complexity and immune-suppressing TME, tumor antigen heterogeneity, the difficulty of cell trafficking, CAR-T-cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxicity in the tumor site. This review discussed the latest discoveries in CAR-T-cell therapy strategies and combination therapies, as well as their effectiveness in different cancers. It also encompasses ongoing clinical trials; current challenges regarding the therapeutic use of CAR-T-cell therapy, especially for solid tumors; and evolving treatment strategies to improve the therapeutic application of CAR-T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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20
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Boerth JA, Chinn AJ, Schimpl M, Bommakanti G, Chan C, Code EL, Giblin KA, Gohlke A, Hansel CS, Jin M, Kavanagh SL, Lamb ML, Lane JS, Larner CJB, Mfuh AM, Moore RK, Puri T, Quinn TR, Ye M, Robbins KJ, Gancedo-Rodrigo M, Tang H, Walsh J, Ware J, Wrigley GL, Reddy IK, Zhang Y, Grimster NP. Discovery of a Novel Benzodiazepine Series of Cbl-b Inhibitors for the Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1848-1856. [PMID: 38116444 PMCID: PMC10726479 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene-b (Cbl-b) is a RING finger E3 ligase that is responsible for repressing T-cell, natural killer (NK) cell, and B-cell activation. The robust antitumor activity observed in Cbl-b deficient mice arising from elevated T-cell and NK-cell activity justified our discovery effort toward Cbl-b inhibitors that might show therapeutic promise in immuno-oncology, where activation of the immune system can drive the recognition and killing of cancer cells. We undertook a high-throughput screening campaign followed by structure-enabled optimization to develop a novel benzodiazepine series of potent Cbl-b inhibitors. This series displayed nanomolar levels of biochemical potency, as well as potent T-cell activation. The functional activity of this class of Cbl-b inhibitors was further corroborated with ubiquitin-based cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Boerth
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Marianne Schimpl
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Gayathri Bommakanti
- Bioscience,
Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Christina Chan
- DMPK,
Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Erin L. Code
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Giblin
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge
Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Gohlke
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S. Hansel
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Meizhong Jin
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Stefan L. Kavanagh
- Clinical
Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L. Lamb
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jordan S. Lane
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie J. B. Larner
- Clinical
Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Adelphe M. Mfuh
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Rachel K. Moore
- High
Throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Taranee Puri
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Taylor R. Quinn
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Minwei Ye
- Bioscience,
Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Kevin J. Robbins
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Miguel Gancedo-Rodrigo
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Haoran Tang
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jarrod Walsh
- High
Throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Ware
- Discovery
Sciences, R&D, The Discovery Centre, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Gail L. Wrigley
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge
Biomedical Campus, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Iswarya Karapa Reddy
- Bioscience,
Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yun Zhang
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Neil P. Grimster
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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21
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Trainor N, Purpura KA, Middleton K, Fargo K, Hails L, Vicentini-Hogan M, McRobie C, Daniels R, Densham P, Gardin P, Fouks M, Brayer H, Malka RG, Rodin A, Ogen T, Besser MJ, Smith T, Leonard D, Bryan A. Automated production of gene-modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells using the Cocoon Platform. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1349-1360. [PMID: 37690020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Autologous cell-based therapeutics have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their efficacy at treating diseases with limited therapeutic options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated clinical success in hematologic oncology indications, providing critically ill patients with a potentially curative therapy. Although engineered cell therapies such as CAR T cells provide new options for patients with unmet needs, the high cost and complexity of manufacturing may hinder clinical and commercial translation. The Cocoon Platform (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) addresses many challenges, such as high labor demand, process consistency, contamination risks and scalability, by enabling efficient, functionally closed and automated production, whether at clinical or commercial scale. This platform is customizable and easy to use and requires minimal operator interaction, thereby decreasing process variability. We present two processes that demonstrate the Cocoon Platform's capabilities. We employed different T-cell activation methods-OKT3 and CD3/CD28 Dynabeads (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA)-to generate final cellular products that meet the critical quality attributes of a clinical autologous CAR T-cell product. This study demonstrates a manufacturing solution for addressing challenges with manual methods of production and facilitating the scale-up of autologous cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hadar Brayer
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rivka Gal Malka
- Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine/Advanced Biotherapy Center Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anastasia Rodin
- Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine/Advanced Biotherapy Center Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Ogen
- Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine/Advanced Biotherapy Center Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal J Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Tim Smith
- Octane Biotech Inc, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Adam Bryan
- Lonza Walkersville, Inc, Walkersville, Maryland, USA
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22
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Goyal RK, Zhang J, Davis KL, Sluga-O’Callaghan M, Kaufman PA. Early Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with Eribulin After Prior Immuno-Oncology or Antibody-Drug Conjugate Therapy. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 2023; 15:855-865. [PMID: 38020049 PMCID: PMC10661956 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s422025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Eribulin was approved by the FDA in 2010 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the United States (US). More recently, several immuno-oncology (IO) and antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) regimens have been approved for MBC. We assessed the treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in MBC patients treated with eribulin following treatment with an IO or ADC in US clinical practice. Materials and Methods In a retrospective patient medical chart review study, patients with MBC, aged ≥18 years, who initiated eribulin therapy between March 1, 2019, and September 30, 2020, treated with either prior IO or ADC in the metastatic setting were included. Patient demographics, treatment characteristics, and clinical outcomes were analyzed descriptively. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results In the study population (N=143), median age at eribulin initiation was 62 years; 64% were Caucasian, and 67% had triple-negative MBC (TNBC). Eribulin therapy was used in the second to fifth line of therapy in the metastatic setting; median treatment duration was 7.2 months. The overall response rate for eribulin was 59.4%. Median rwPFS and OS from eribulin initiation were 21.4 months (95% CI, 12.9-not estimable [NE]) and 24.2 months (95% CI, 17.5-NE), respectively. In patients with TNBC, median rwPFS and OS from eribulin initiation were 12.0 months (95% CI, 8.8-NE) and 18.3 months (95% CI, 14.9-NE), respectively. Conclusion These real-world data provide evidence for the clinical effectiveness outcomes of eribulin treatment among MBC patients previously treated with an IO or ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Goyal
- Health Economics, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Keith L Davis
- Health Economics, RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Peter A Kaufman
- Larner College of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
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23
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Jekle A, Thatikonda SK, Jaisinghani R, Ren S, Kinkade A, Stevens SK, Stoycheva A, Rajwanshi VK, Williams C, Deval J, Mukherjee S, Zhang Q, Chanda S, Smith DB, Blatt LM, Symons JA, Gonzalvez F, Beigelman L. Tumor Regression upon Intratumoral and Subcutaneous Dosing of the STING Agonist ALG-031048 in Mouse Efficacy Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16274. [PMID: 38003463 PMCID: PMC10671074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists have shown potent anti-tumor efficacy in various mouse tumor models and have the potential to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) by linking the innate and acquired immune systems. First-generation STING agonists are administered intratumorally; however, a systemic delivery route would greatly expand the clinical use of STING agonists. Biochemical and cell-based experiments, as well as syngeneic mouse efficacy models, were used to demonstrate the anti-tumoral activity of ALG-031048, a novel STING agonist. In vitro, ALG-031048 is highly stable in plasma and liver microsomes and is resistant to degradation via phosphodiesterases. The high stability in biological matrices translated to good cellular potency in a HEK 293 STING R232 reporter assay, efficient activation and maturation of primary human dendritic cells and monocytes, as well as long-lasting, antigen-specific anti-tumor activity in up to 90% of animals in the CT26 mouse colon carcinoma model. Significant reductions in tumor growth were observed in two syngeneic mouse tumor models following subcutaneous administration. Combinations of ALG-031048 and ICIs further enhanced the in vivo anti-tumor activity. This initial demonstration of anti-tumor activity after systemic administration of ALG-031048 warrants further investigation, while the combination of systemically administered ALG-031048 with ICIs offers an attractive approach to overcome key limitations of ICIs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jekle
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Santosh Kumar Thatikonda
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ruchika Jaisinghani
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Suping Ren
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - April Kinkade
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sarah K. Stevens
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Antitsa Stoycheva
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Vivek K. Rajwanshi
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Caroline Williams
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Jerome Deval
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sucheta Mukherjee
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Sushmita Chanda
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - David B. Smith
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lawrence M. Blatt
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Julian A. Symons
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Leonid Beigelman
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA (S.K.S.); (A.S.); (V.K.R.); (S.C.); (D.B.S.); (L.M.B.); (J.A.S.); (L.B.)
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24
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Muscatello LV, Gobbo F, Avallone G, Innao M, Benazzi C, D'Annunzio G, Romaniello D, Orioles M, Lauriola M, Sarli G. PDL1 immunohistochemistry in canine neoplasms: Validation of commercial antibodies, standardization of evaluation, and scoring systems. Vet Pathol 2023:3009858231209410. [PMID: 37920996 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231209410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology research has brought to light the paradoxical role of immune cells in the induction and elimination of cancer. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1), expressed by tumor cells, are immune checkpoint proteins that regulate the antitumor adaptive immune response. This study aimed to validate commercially available PDL1 antibodies in canine tissue and then, applying standardized methods and scoring systems used in human pathology, evaluate PDL1 immunopositivity in different types of canine tumors. To demonstrate cross-reactivity, a monoclonal antibody (22C3) and polyclonal antibody (cod. A1645) were tested by western blot. Cross-reactivity in canine tissue cell extracts was observed for both antibodies; however, the polyclonal antibody (cod. A1645) demonstrated higher signal specificity. Canine tumor histotypes were selected based on the human counterparts known to express PDL1. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 168 tumors with the polyclonal anti-PDL1 antibody. Only membranous labeling was considered positive. PDL1 labeling was detected both in neoplastic and infiltrating immune cells. The following tumors were immunopositive: melanomas (17 of 17; 100%), renal cell carcinomas (4 of 17; 24%), squamous cell carcinomas (3 of 17; 18%), lymphomas (2 of 14; 14%), urothelial carcinomas (2 of 18; 11%), pulmonary carcinomas (2 of 20; 10%), and mammary carcinomas (1 of 31; 3%). Gastric (0 of 10; 0%) and intestinal carcinomas (0 of 24; 0%) were negative. The findings of this study suggest that PDL1 is expressed in some canine tumors, with high prevalence in melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulia D'Annunzio
- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
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25
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Schlicher L, Green LG, Romagnani A, Renner F. Small molecule inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy and associated biomarkers - the current status. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297175. [PMID: 38022587 PMCID: PMC10644399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the success of cancer immunotherapy using large molecules against immune checkpoint inhibitors, the concept of using small molecules to interfere with intracellular negative regulators of anti-tumor immune responses has emerged in recent years. The main targets for small molecule drugs currently include enzymes of negative feedback loops in signaling pathways of immune cells and proteins that promote immunosuppressive signals within the tumor microenvironment. In the adaptive immune system, negative regulators of T cell receptor signaling (MAP4K1, DGKα/ζ, CBL-B, PTPN2, PTPN22, SHP1), co-receptor signaling (CBL-B) and cytokine signaling (PTPN2) have been preclinically validated as promising targets and initial clinical trials with small molecule inhibitors are underway. To enhance innate anti-tumor immune responses, inhibitory immunomodulation of cGAS/STING has been in the focus, and inhibitors of ENPP1 and TREX1 have reached the clinic. In addition, immunosuppressive signals via adenosine can be counteracted by CD39 and CD73 inhibition, while suppression via intratumoral immunosuppressive prostaglandin E can be targeted by EP2/EP4 antagonists. Here, we present the status of the most promising small molecule drug candidates for cancer immunotherapy, all residing relatively early in development, and the potential of relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schlicher
- Cancer Cell Targeted Therapy, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luke G. Green
- Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Romagnani
- Cancer Cell Targeted Therapy, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Renner
- Cancer Cell Targeted Therapy, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Miebach L, Melo‐Zainzinger G, Freund E, Clemen R, Cecchini AL, Bekeschus S. Medical Gas Plasma Technology Combines with Antimelanoma Therapies and Promotes Immune-Checkpoint Therapy Responses. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2303183. [PMID: 37541287 PMCID: PMC10558686 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to improve activity and selectivity are major goals in oncological drug development. Medical gas plasma therapy has been subject to intense research in dermatooncology recently. Based on partial gas ionization, this approach is exceptional in generating a variety of reactive oxygen species simultaneously that can be applied locally at the tumor side. It is hypothesized that combined gas plasma treatment can potentiate drug responses in the treatment of melanoma. Using a plasma jet approved as medical device in Europe, a systematic screening of 46 mitochondria-targeted drugs identifies five agents synergizing in vitro and in vivo. Increased intratumoral leucocyte infiltration points to immunomodulatory aspects of the treatment, motivating to investigate responses to immune checkpoint blockade in combination with plasma. Tumor growth is monitored based on bioluminescent imaging, and single-cell suspensions are retrieved from each tumor to characterize tumor-infiltrating leucocytes using multicolor flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling is done using a validated NanoString panel targeting 770 genes specifically designed for immuno-oncological research. Cell type abundancies are characterized from bulk RNA samples using the CIBERSORT computational framework. Collectively, the results indicate that local application of medical gas plasma technology synergizes with mitochondria-targeted drugs and anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy in treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Miebach
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Visceral SurgeryGreifswald University Medical Center17475GreifswaldGermany
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Gabriella Melo‐Zainzinger
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Cancer Research UnitBoehringer IngelheimVienna1121Austria
| | - Eric Freund
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Visceral SurgeryGreifswald University Medical Center17475GreifswaldGermany
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryWien University Medical CenterVienna1090Austria
| | - Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Clinic for Dermatology and VenerologyRostock University Medical Center18057RostockGermany
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27
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Peng R, Deng M. Mapping the protein-protein interactome in the tumor immune microenvironment. Antib Ther 2023; 6:311-321. [PMID: 38098892 PMCID: PMC10720949 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-to-cell communication primarily occurs through cell-surface and secreted proteins, which form a sophisticated network that coordinates systemic immune function. Uncovering these protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is indispensable for understanding the molecular mechanism and elucidating immune system aberrances under diseases. Traditional biological studies typically focus on a limited number of PPI pairs due to the relative low throughput of commonly used techniques. Encouragingly, classical methods have advanced, and many new systems tailored for large-scale protein-protein screening have been developed and successfully utilized. These high-throughput PPI investigation techniques have already made considerable achievements in mapping the immune cell interactome, enriching PPI databases and analysis tools, and discovering therapeutic targets for cancer and other diseases, which will definitely bring unprecedented insight into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Mi Deng
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100142, PR China
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28
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Ziegler C, Mir A, Anandakrishnan S, Martin P, Contreras E, Slemons I, Witkowski B, DeSilva C, Farmer A, Vranic S, Gatalica Z, Richardson D, Derkach DN. Assay-agnostic spatial profiling detects tumor microenvironment signatures: new diagnostic insights for triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1953-1961. [PMID: 37666492 PMCID: PMC10552887 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in immuno-oncology has driven demand for technologies that deliver in situ, or spatial, molecular information. Compartmentalized heterogeneity that traditional methods miss is becoming key to predicting both acquired drug resistance to targeted therapies and patient response to immunotherapy. Here, we describe a novel method for assay-agnostic spatial profiling and demonstrate its ability to detect immune microenvironment signatures in breast cancer patients that are unresolved by the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on immune cells, which represents the only FDA microenvironment-based companion diagnostic test that has been approved for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Two distinct physiological states were found that are uncorrelated to tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), PD-L1 expression, and intrinsic cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Mir
- Takara Bio USASan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
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29
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Hofstraat SR, Anbergen T, der Meel RV. Nanomedicine approaches for in vivo cancer immunotherapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1607-1611. [PMID: 37724504 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Commentary just out in @fsgnnm: unleashing the full potential of #cancer #nanomedicines by reprogramming the immunosuppressive #TME using #LNP #mRNA #vaccines and via promoting #trainedimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Rj Hofstraat
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Anbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine & Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AE, The Netherlands
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30
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Gray S, Ottensmeier CH. Advancing Understanding of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Multiplexed Antibody-Based Spatial Imaging Technologies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4797. [PMID: 37835491 PMCID: PMC10571797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality, despite significant advances made in its treatment using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) over the last decade; while a minority experience prolonged responses with ICIs, benefit is limited for most patients. The development of multiplexed antibody-based (MAB) spatial tissue imaging technologies has revolutionised analysis of the tumour microenvironment (TME), enabling identification of a wide range of cell types and subtypes, and analysis of the spatial relationships and interactions between them. Such study has the potential to translate into a greater understanding of treatment susceptibility and resistance, factors influencing prognosis and recurrence risk, and identification of novel therapeutic approaches and rational treatment combinations to improve patient outcomes in the clinic. Herein we review studies that have leveraged MAB technologies to deliver novel insights into the TME of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gray
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ashton St., Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Pembroke Pl., Liverpool L7 8YA, UK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ashton St., Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Pembroke Pl., Liverpool L7 8YA, UK
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Allard B, Jacoberger-Foissac C, Cousineau I, Bareche Y, Buisseret L, Chrobak P, Allard D, Pommey S, Ah-Pine F, Duquenne S, Picard F, Stagg J. Adenosine A2A receptor is a tumor suppressor of NASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101188. [PMID: 37729873 PMCID: PMC10518627 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy currently evaluated in several clinical trials. We here report that anti-obesogenic and anti-inflammatory functions of A2AR, however, significantly restrain hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Adora2a deletion in mice triggers obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and systemic inflammation, leading to spontaneous HCC and promoting dimethylbenzyl-anthracene (DMBA)- or diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. Conditional Adora2a deletion reveals critical roles of myeloid and hepatocyte-derived A2AR signaling in restraining HCC by limiting hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Remarkably, the impact of A2AR pharmacological blockade on HCC development is dependent on pre-existing NASH. In support of our animal studies, low ADORA2A gene expression in human HCC is associated with cirrhosis, hepatic inflammation, and poor survival. Together, our study uncovers a previously unappreciated tumor-suppressive function for A2AR in the liver and suggests caution in the use of A2AR antagonists in patients with NASH and NASH-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Célia Jacoberger-Foissac
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pavel Chrobak
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Pommey
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franck Ah-Pine
- Department of Pathology, CHU Sud Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Fabien Picard
- Montréal Heart Institute, Cardiology Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Hopital Cochin, Cardiology Department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Waterhouse D, Yong C, Frankart A, Brannman L, Mulrooney T, Robert N, Aguilar KM, Ndukum J, Cotarla I. Durvalumab real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer treated in a US community setting. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1905-1916. [PMID: 37497677 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: For eligible patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer, durvalumab consolidation therapy following chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care. Methods: This was a retrospective study of durvalumab-treated patients diagnosed between 1 August 2017 and 29 February 2020. Electronic health record data were assessed descriptively, with Kaplan-Meier methods used for duration of treatment and overall survival (OS). Results: Among 528 patients (median age 70 years, 51.5% male), the median duration of treatment was 7.1 months (95% CI: 6.0-9.0). Estimated 1- and 2-year OS rates were 83.5 and 64.0%, respectively, with median OS not reached. Conclusion: This study confirmed an OS benefit with durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in a real-world setting, consistent with the results from the PACIFIC phase III clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Waterhouse
- Oncology Hematology Care, Inc. 5053 Wooster Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45226
| | - Candice Yong
- AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Andrew Frankart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Lance Brannman
- AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | | | | | | | | | - Ion Cotarla
- AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
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Kroll KT, Mata MM, Homan KA, Micallef V, Carpy A, Hiratsuka K, Morizane R, Moisan A, Gubler M, Walz AC, Marrer-Berger E, Lewis JA. Immune-infiltrated kidney organoid-on-chip model for assessing T cell bispecific antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305322120. [PMID: 37603766 PMCID: PMC10467620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305322120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are the focus of intense development for cancer immunotherapy. Recently, peptide-MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-targeted TCBs have emerged as a new class of biotherapeutics with improved specificity. These TCBs simultaneously bind to target peptides presented by the polymorphic, species-specific MHC encoded by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele present on target cells and to the CD3 coreceptor expressed by human T lymphocytes. Unfortunately, traditional models for assessing their effects on human tissues often lack predictive capability, particularly for "on-target, off-tumor" interactions. Here, we report an immune-infiltrated, kidney organoid-on-chip model in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) along with nontargeting (control) or targeting TCB-based tool compounds are circulated under flow. The target consists of the RMF peptide derived from the intracellular tumor antigen Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) presented on HLA-A2 via a bivalent T cell receptor-like binding domain. Using our model, we measured TCB-mediated CD8+ T cell activation and killing of RMF-HLA-A2-presenting cells in the presence of PBMCs and multiple tool compounds. DP47, a non-pMHC-targeting TCB that only binds to CD3 (negative control), does not promote T cell activation and killing. Conversely, the nonspecific ESK1-like TCB (positive control) promotes CD8+ T cell expansion accompanied by dose-dependent T cell-mediated killing of multiple cell types, while WT1-TCB* recognizing the RMF-HLA-A2 complex with high specificity, leads solely to selective killing of WT1-expressing cells within kidney organoids under flow. Our 3D kidney organoid model offers a platform for preclinical testing of cancer immunotherapies and investigating tissue-immune system interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T. Kroll
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
| | - Mariana M. Mata
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
| | - Kimberly A. Homan
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA94080
| | - Virginie Micallef
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Carpy
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, MunichDE-82377, Germany
| | - Ken Hiratsuka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Annie Moisan
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Gubler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Antje-Christine Walz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Marrer-Berger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, BaselCH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer A. Lewis
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA02115
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Lopez V, Schuh HJM, Mirza S, Vaaßen VJ, Schmidt MS, Sylvester K, Idris RM, Renn C, Schäkel L, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Naggi A, Scheffler B, Lee SY, Bendas G, Müller CE. Heparins are potent inhibitors of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phospho-diesterase-1 (NPP1) - a promising target for the immunotherapy of cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173634. [PMID: 37711611 PMCID: PMC10497752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heparins, naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans, are widely used for thrombosis prevention. Upon application as anticoagulants in cancer patients, heparins were found to possess additional antitumor activities. Ectonucleotidases have recently been proposed as novel targets for cancer immunotherapy. Methods and results In the present study, we discovered that heparin and its derivatives act as potent, selective, allosteric inhibitors of the poorly investigated ectonucleotidase NPP1 (nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1, CD203a). Structure-activity relationships indicated that NPP1 inhibition could be separated from the compounds' antithrombotic effect. Moreover, unfractionated heparin (UFH) and different low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) inhibited extracellular adenosine production by the NPP1-expressing glioma cell line U87 at therapeutically relevant concentrations. As a consequence, heparins inhibited the ability of U87 cell supernatants to induce CD4+ T cell differentiation into immunosuppressive Treg cells. Discussion NPP1 inhibition likely contributes to the anti-cancer effects of heparins, and their specific optimization may lead to improved therapeutics for the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Lopez
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H. J. Maximilian Schuh
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Salahuddin Mirza
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victoria J. Vaaßen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael S. Schmidt
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Sylvester
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Riham M. Idris
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Renn
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research “G. Ronzoni”, Milan, Italy
| | - Björn Scheffler
- DKFZ Division Translational Neurooncology at the West German Cancer Center (WTZ), DKTK Partner site, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sang-Yong Lee
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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35
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Mabbitt J, Holyer ID, Roper JA, Nilsson UJ, Zetterberg FR, Vuong L, Mackinnon AC, Pedersen A, Slack RJ. Resistance to anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1: galectin-3 inhibition with GB1211 reverses galectin-3-induced blockade of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab binding to PD-1/PD-L1. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250559. [PMID: 37701441 PMCID: PMC10493609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that is highly expressed within the tumor microenvironment of aggressive cancers and has been suggested to predict a poor response to immune checkpoint therapy with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. We aimed to assess if the effect of Gal-3 was a result of direct interaction with the immune checkpoint receptor. Methods The ability of Gal-3 to interact with the PD-1/PD-L1 complex in the absence and presence of blocking antibodies was assessed in in vitro biochemical and cellular assays as well as in an in vivo syngeneic mouse cancer model. Results Gal-3 reduced the binding of the checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), by potentiating the interaction between the PD-1/PD-L1 complex. In the presence of a highly selective Gal-3 small molecule inhibitor (GB1211) the binding of the anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapeutics was restored to control levels. This was observed in both a surface plasmon resonance assay measuring protein-protein interactions and via flow cytometry. Combination therapy with GB1211 and an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody reduced tumor growth in an in vivo syngeneic model and increased the percentage of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes. Conclusion Our study suggests that Gal-3 can potentiate the PD-1/PD-L1 immune axis and potentially contribute to the immunosuppressive signalling mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. In addition, Gal-3 prevents atezolizumab and pembrolizumab target engagement with their respective immune checkpoint receptors. Reversal of this effect with the clinical candidate GB1211 offers a potential enhancing combination therapeutic with anti-PD-1 and -PD-L1 blocking antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mabbitt
- Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Holyer
- Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Galecto Biotech AB, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Roper
- Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lynda Vuong
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Robert J. Slack
- Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Galecto Biotech AB, Stevenage, United Kingdom
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Na IK, Sack U, Sánchez-Ramón S. Editorial: Modulation of human immune parameters by anticancer therapies, volume II. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249099. [PMID: 37564656 PMCID: PMC10411720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kang Na
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Clinic with a Focus on Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Clinical Immunology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology , San Carlos University Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Wright S, Burkholz SR, Zelinsky C, Wittman C, Carback RT, Harris PE, Blankenberg T, Herst CV, Rubsamen RM. Survivin Expression in Luminal Breast Cancer and Adjacent Normal Tissue for Immuno-Oncology Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11827. [PMID: 37511584 PMCID: PMC10380623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin (BIRC5) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) overexpressed in various tumors but present at low to undetectable levels in normal tissue. Survivin is known to have a high expression in breast cancer (e.g., Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and triple negative breast cancer). Previous studies have not compared survivin expression levels in DCIS tumor samples to levels in adjacent, normal breast tissue from the same patient. To ensure the effective use of survivin as a target for T cell immunotherapy of breast cancer, it is essential to ascertain the varying levels of survivin expression between DCIS tumor tissue samples and the adjacent normal breast tissue taken from the same patient simultaneously. Next-generation sequencing of RNA (RNA-seq) in normal breast tissue and tumor breast tissue from five women presenting with DCIS for lumpectomy was used to identify sequence variation and expression levels of survivin. The identity of both tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples were corroborated by histopathology. Survivin was overexpressed in human breast tissue tumor samples relative to the corresponding adjacent human normal breast tissue. Wild-type survivin transcripts were the predominant species identified in all tumor tissue sequenced. This study demonstrates upregulated expression of wild type survivin in DCIS tumor tissue versus normal breast tissue taken from the same patient at the same time, and provides evidence that developing selective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunotherapy for DCIS targeting survivin warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wright
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
- Western Surgical Group, Reno, NV 89502, USA
| | - Scott R. Burkholz
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Cathy Zelinsky
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Connor Wittman
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Richard T. Carback
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Paul E. Harris
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Tikoes Blankenberg
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
- Shasta Pathology Associates, Redding, CA 96001, USA
| | - Charles V. Herst
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
| | - Reid M. Rubsamen
- Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, Reno, NV 89503, USA; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.W.)
- Flow Pharma Inc., Warrensville Heights, OH 44128, USA; (S.R.B.); (R.T.C.); (P.E.H.); (T.B.); (C.V.H.)
- Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Kähkönen TE, Halleen JM, MacRitchie G, Andersson RM, Bernoulli J. Insights into immuno-oncology drug development landscape with focus on bone metastasis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121878. [PMID: 37475868 PMCID: PMC10355372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is among the main sites of metastasis in breast, prostate and other major cancers. Bone metastases remain incurable causing high mortality, severe skeletal-related effects and decreased quality of life. Despite the success of immunotherapies in oncology, no immunotherapies are approved for bone metastasis and no clear benefit has been observed with approved immunotherapies in treatment of bone metastatic disease. Therefore, it is crucial to consider unique features of tumor microenvironment in bone metastasis when developing novel therapies. The vicious cycle of bone metastasis, referring to crosstalk between tumor and bone cells that enables the tumor cells to grow in the bone microenvironment, is a well-established concept. Very recently, a novel osteoimmuno-oncology (OIO) concept was introduced to the scientific community. OIO emphasizes the significance of interactions between tumor, immune and bone cells in promoting tumor growth in bone metastasis, and it can be used to reveal the most promising targets for bone metastasis. In order to provide an insight into the current immuno-oncology drug development landscape, we used 1stOncology database, a cancer drug development resource to identify novel immunotherapies in preclinical or clinical development for breast and prostate cancer bone metastasis. Based on the database search, 24 immunotherapies were identified in preclinical or clinical development that included evaluation of effects on bone metastasis. This review provides an insight to novel immuno-oncology drug development in the context of bone metastasis. Bone metastases can be approached using different modalities, and tumor microenvironment in bone provides many potential targets for bone metastasis. Noting current increasing interest in the field of OIO, more therapeutic opportunities that primarily target bone metastasis are expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jenni Bernoulli
- University of Turku, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
T cell receptors (TCR) on cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize "foreign" antigens bound in the groove of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (H-2 in mouse and HLA in human) displayed on altered cells. These antigens are peptide fragments of proteins derived either from infectious pathogens or cellular transformations during cancer evolution. The conjoint ligand formed by the foreign peptide and MHC, termed pMHC, marks an aberrant cell as a target for CTL-mediated destruction. Recent data have provided compelling evidence that adaptive protection is achieved in a facile manner during immune surveillance when mechanical load consequent to cellular motion is applied to the bond formed between an αβ TCR and its pMHC ligand arrayed on a disease-altered cell. Mechanobiology maximizes both TCR specificity and sensitivity in comparison to receptor ligation in the absence of force. While the field of immunotherapy has made advances to impact the survival of cancer patients, the latest information relevant to T cell targeting and mechanotransduction has yet to be applied for T cell monitoring and treatment of patients in the clinic. Here we review these data, and challenge scientists and physicians to apply critical biophysical parameters of TCR mechanobiology to the medical oncology field, broadening treatment success within and among various cancer types. We assert that TCRs with digital ligand-sensing performance capability directed at sparsely as well as luminously displayed tumor-specific neoantigens and certain tumor-associated antigens can improve effective cancer vaccine development and immunotherapy paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Matthew J Lang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
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40
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Costa F, Wiedenmann B, Roderburg C, Mohr R, Abou‐Alfa GK. Systemic treatment in patients with Child-Pugh B liver dysfunction and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:13978-13990. [PMID: 37162288 PMCID: PMC10358256 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of death among patients with liver cirrhosis. The rise of immuno-oncology has revolutionized treatment for advanced HCC. However, most pivotal randomized controlled trials have excluded patients with moderate liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh-Turcotte B), despite the high incidence of liver disease in patients with HCC at the time of diagnosis. Overall survival in patients with HCC and moderate liver dysfunction treated with sorafenib has been found to be only approximately 3-5 months, underlining the need for improved treatment algorithms for this increasingly important subgroup of patients. In this review, we summarize available data on the treatment of patients with HCC and moderate liver dysfunction. Opportunities, as well as clinical challenges, are discussed in detail, highlighting potential changes to the therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité University HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité University HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Ghassan K. Abou‐Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Weill Medical School at Cornell UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Hughes RT, Gebeyehu RR, Kalada JM, Lycan TW, Frizzell BA, Kinney RD, D'Agostino RB, Bunch PM, Triozzi P, Zhang W, Furdui CM, Porosnicu M. Quad-shot-immunotherapy: quad-shot radiotherapy with pembrolizumab for advanced/recurrent head and neck cancer. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1523-1534. [PMID: 37199326 PMCID: PMC10463211 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments for advanced/recurrent head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma are limited. For cases not curable by conventional local therapies, the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab shows modest response rates. Quad-shot, a hypofractionated palliative radiotherapy regimen (14.8 Gy in four twice-daily fractions), can provide symptomatic relief, contributes to local control and may potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, 15 patients with advanced/recurrent head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma will be treated with pembrolizumab combined with up to three administrations of quad-shot before cycles four, eight and 13. Outcomes include disease response, survival and treatment toxicity. Correlative multiomics analysis of blood and saliva will identify molecular biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor and the immune-related impact of quad-shot. Clinical trial registration: This study (WFBCCC 60320) is registered on NCT04454489 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Hughes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rediet R Gebeyehu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - John Mason Kalada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Thomas W Lycan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bart A Frizzell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rebecca D Kinney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul M Bunch
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Pierre Triozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mercedes Porosnicu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Levy BP, Felip E, Reck M, Yang JC, Cappuzzo F, Yoneshima Y, Zhou C, Rawat S, Xie J, Basak P, Xu L, Sands J. TROPION-Lung08: phase III study of datopotamab deruxtecan plus pembrolizumab as first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC. Future Oncol 2023; 19:1461-1472. [PMID: 37249038 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pembrolizumab monotherapy is a standard first-line treatment for PD-L1-high advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without actionable genomic alterations (AGA). However, few patients experience long-term disease control, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), a novel trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2-directed antibody-drug conjugate, showed encouraging safety and antitumor activity with pembrolizumab in advanced NSCLC. We describe the rationale and design of TROPION-Lung08, a phase III study evaluating safety and efficacy of first-line Dato-DXd plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC without AGAs and with PD-L1 tumor proportion score ≥50%. Primary end points are progression-free survival and overall survival; secondary end points include objective response rate, duration of response, safety and presence of antidrug antibodies. Clinical trial registration: NCT05215340 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Levy
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Martin Reck
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf, 22927, Germany
| | - James Ch Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Yasuto Yoneshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | - Jingdong Xie
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ 07920, USA
| | | | - Lu Xu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jacob Sands
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Poon DMC, Chan K, Leung AKC, Ng B, Cheung FY, Siu SWK. Real-world experience of cabozantinib in Asian patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma following treatment with VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and/or immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Drugs Context 2023; 12:2023-4-1. [PMID: 37378080 PMCID: PMC10291967 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of real-world data on the use of cabozantinib in Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the toxicity and efficacy of cabozantinib in this patient population who progressed on tyrosine kinase inhibitors and/or immune-checkpoint inhibitors from six oncology centres in Hong Kong. The primary endpoint was the incidence of serious adverse events (AEs) attributed to cabozantinib. Secondary safety endpoints included dose reductions and AE-led treatment terminations. Secondary effectiveness endpoints included overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rate. Results A total of 24 patients were included. Half received cabozantinib as a third-line or later-line treatment, whilst 50% received prior immune-checkpoint inhibitors, primarily nivolumab. Overall, 13 (54.2%) patients reported at least one cabozantinib-related AE of grades 3-4. The most commonly reported AEs were hand-foot skin reactions (9; 37.5%) and anaemia (4; 16.7%). Fifteen (65.2%) patients required dose reductions. Three patients discontinued treatment because of AEs. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 10.3 months and 13.2 months, respectively; 6 (25%) patients achieved partial responses, and 8 (33.3%) achieved stable disease. Conclusion Cabozantinib was generally well tolerated and efficacious in Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were heavily pretreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren MC Poon
- Comprehensive Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kuen Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Brian Ng
- Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Deken M, Niewola-Staszkowska K, Peyruchaud O, Mikulčić N, Antolić M, Shah P, Cheasty A, Tagliavini A, Nizzardo A, Pergher M, Ziviani L, Milleri S, Pickering C, Lahn M, van der Veen L, Di Conza G, Johnson Z. Characterization and translational development of IOA-289, a novel autotaxin inhibitor for the treatment of solid tumors. Immunooncol Technol 2023; 18:100384. [PMID: 37234285 PMCID: PMC10205783 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid (ATX-LPA) signaling has a predominant role in immunological and fibrotic processes, including cancer. Several ATX inhibitors and LPA receptor antagonists have been clinically evaluated, but none in patients with solid tumors. Many cancers are burdened with a high degree of fibrosis and an immune desert phenotype (so-called 'cold' tumors). In these cold tumors, the fibrotic stroma provides an intrinsic cancer-supporting mechanism. Furthermore, the stroma prevents penetration and limits the effectiveness of existing therapies. IOA-289 is a novel ATX inhibitor with a unique chemical structure, excellent potency and an attractive safety profile. Materials and methods In vitro and in vivo pharmacology studies have been carried out to elucidate the pharmaceutical properties and mechanism of action of IOA-289. A phase I clinical study in healthy volunteers was carried out to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of IOA-289 following a single oral dose. Results In vitro and in vivo studies showed that IOA-289 is a potent inhibitor of ATX and, as a monotherapy, is able to slow progression of lung fibrosis and tumor growth in mouse models. In a clinical study, IOA-289 showed a dose-dependent increase in plasma exposure levels and a corresponding decrease in circulating LPA. Conclusions Our data show that IOA-289 is a novel ATX inhibitor with a unique chemical structure, excellent potency and an attractive safety profile. Our data support the further development of IOA-289 as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, particularly those with a high fibrotic and immunologically cold phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. Peyruchaud
- INSERM, UMR 1033, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - P. Shah
- Cancer Research Horizons, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. Cheasty
- Cancer Research Horizons, Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - L. Ziviani
- Centro Ricerche Cliniche di Verona srl, Verona, Italy
| | - S. Milleri
- Centro Ricerche Cliniche di Verona srl, Verona, Italy
| | | | - M. Lahn
- iOnctura, Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Conarty JP, Wieland A. The Tumor-Specific Immune Landscape in HPV+ Head and Neck Cancer. Viruses 2023; 15:1296. [PMID: 37376596 DOI: 10.3390/v15061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agent of several anogenital cancers as well as head and neck cancers, with HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) becoming a rapidly growing public health issue in the Western world. Due its viral etiology and potentially its subanatomical location, HPV+ HNSCC exhibits an immune microenvironment which is more inflamed and thus distinct from HPV-negative HNSCC. Notably, the antigenic landscape in most HPV+ HNSCC tumors extends beyond the classical HPV oncoproteins E6/7 and is extensively targeted by both the humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of HPV-specific immune responses in patients with HPV+ HNSCC. We highlight the localization, antigen specificity, and differentiation states of humoral and cellular immune responses, and discuss their similarities and differences. Finally, we review currently pursued immunotherapeutic treatment modalities that attempt to harness HPV-specific immune responses for improving clinical outcomes in patients with HPV+ HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Conarty
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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46
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Chen A, Neuwirth I, Herndler-Brandstetter D. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy in Next-Generation Humanized Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112989. [PMID: 37296949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has brought significant clinical benefits to numerous patients with malignant disease. However, only a fraction of patients experiences complete and durable responses to currently available immunotherapies. This highlights the need for more effective immunotherapies, combination treatments and predictive biomarkers. The molecular properties of a tumor, intratumor heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment decisively shape tumor evolution, metastasis and therapy resistance and are therefore key targets for precision cancer medicine. Humanized mice that support the engraftment of patient-derived tumors and recapitulate the human tumor immune microenvironment of patients represent a promising preclinical model to address fundamental questions in precision immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of next-generation humanized mouse models suitable for the establishment and study of patient-derived tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of modeling the tumor immune microenvironment and testing a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches using human immune system mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Neuwirth
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Hunter E, Salter M, Powell R, Dring A, Naithani T, Chatziioannou ME, Gebregzabhar A, Issa M, Green J, Ng S, Lim CR, Keat CS, Suan AT, Raman R, Fatt HK, Luen FLW, Alshaker H, Pchejetski D, Blum D, Guiel T, Heaton R, Levine J, Akoulitchev A. Development and Validation of Blood-Based Predictive Biomarkers for Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors: Evidence of a Universal Systemic Core of 3D Immunogenetic Profiling across Multiple Oncological Indications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2696. [PMID: 37345033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unprecedented advantages in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain limited to only a subset of patients. Systemic analyses of the regulatory 3D genome architecture linked to individual epigenetic and immunogenetic controls associated with tumour immune evasion mechanisms and immune checkpoint pathways reveal a highly prevalent molecular profile predictive of response to PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs. A clinical blood test based on a set of eight (8) 3D genomic biomarkers has been developed and validated on the basis of an observational trial to predict response to ICI therapy. METHODS The predictive eight biomarker set is derived from prospective observational clinical trials, representing 280 treatments with Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, and Avelumab in a broad range of indications: melanoma, lung, hepatocellular, renal, breast, bladder, colon, head and neck, bone, brain, lymphoma, prostate, vulvar, and cervical cancers. RESULTS The 3D genomic eight biomarker panel for response to immune checkpoint therapy achieved a high accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 82%. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that a 3D genomic approach can be used to develop a predictive clinical assay for response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ann Dring
- Oxford BioDynamics Plc., Oxford OX4 2WB, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mutaz Issa
- Oxford BioDynamics Plc., Oxford OX4 2WB, UK
| | | | - Serene Ng
- Oxford BioDynamics (M) Sdn Bhd, Penang 10470, Malaysia
| | - Chun Ren Lim
- Oxford BioDynamics (M) Sdn Bhd, Penang 10470, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Soon Keat
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
- Island Hospital, Penang 10450, Malaysia
| | - Ang Tick Suan
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Raman
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
| | - Ho Kean Fatt
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
| | | | - Heba Alshaker
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Dave Blum
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Thomas Guiel
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Robert Heaton
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jedd Levine
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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Xue B, Schüler J, Harrod CM, Lashuk K, Bomya Z, Hribar KC. A Novel Hydrogel-Based 3D In Vitro Tumor Panel of 30 PDX Models Incorporates Tumor, Stromal and Immune Cell Compartments of the TME for the Screening of Oncology and Immuno-Therapies. Cells 2023; 12:1145. [PMID: 37190054 PMCID: PMC10137152 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-relevant systems that mimic the 3D tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the complex mechanisms of immuno-modulation in the tumor stroma, in a reproducible and scalable format are of high interest for the drug discovery industry. Here, we describe a novel 3D in vitro tumor panel comprising 30 distinct PDX models covering a range of histotypes and molecular subtypes and cocultured with fibroblasts and PBMCs in planar (flat) extracellular matrix hydrogels to reflect the three compartments of the TME-tumor, stroma, and immune cells. The panel was constructed in a 96-well plate format and assayed tumor size, tumor killing, and T-cell infiltration using high-content image analysis after 4 days of treatment. We screened the panel first against the chemotherapy drug Cisplatin to demonstrate feasibility and robustness, and subsequently assayed immuno-oncology agents Solitomab (CD3/EpCAM bispecific T-cell engager) and the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) Atezolizumab (anti-PDL1), Nivolumab (anti-PD1) and Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4). Solitomab displayed a strong response across many PDX models in terms of tumor reduction and killing, allowing for its subsequent use as a positive control for ICIs. Interestingly, Atezolizumab and Nivolumab demonstrated a mild response compared to Ipilimumab in a subset of models from the panel. We later determined that PBMC spatial proximity in the assay setup was important for the PD1 inhibitor, hypothesizing that both duration and concentration of antigen exposure may be critical. The described 30-model panel represents a significant advancement toward screening in vitro models of the tumor microenvironment that include tumor, fibroblast, and immune cell populations in an extracellular matrix hydrogel, with robust and standardized high content image analysis in a planar hydrogel. The platform is aimed at rapidly screening various combinations and novel agents and forming a critical conduit to the clinic, thus accelerating drug discovery for the next generation of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- Cypre, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Julia Schüler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kanstantsin Lashuk
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoji Bomya
- Cypre, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Gryciuk A, Rogalska M, Baran J, Kuryk L, Staniszewska M. Oncolytic Adenoviruses Armed with Co-Stimulatory Molecules for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071947. [PMID: 37046608 PMCID: PMC10093006 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical trials, adenovirus vectors (AdVs) are commonly used platforms for human gene delivery therapy. High genome capacity and flexibility in gene organization make HAdVs suitable for cloning. Recent advancements in molecular techniques have influenced the development of genetically engineered adenovirus vectors showing therapeutic potential. Increased molecular understanding of the benefits and limitations of HAdVs in preclinical research and clinical studies is a crucial point in the engineering of refined oncolytic vectors. This review presents HAdV species (A-G) used in oncotherapy. We describe the adenovirus genome organizations and modifications, the possibilities oncolytic viruses offer, and their current limitations. Ongoing and ended clinical trials based on oncolytic adenoviruses are presented. This review provides a broad overview of the current knowledge of oncolytic therapy. HAdV-based strategies targeting tumors by employing variable immune modifiers or delivering immune stimulatory factors are of great promise in the field of immune oncologyy This approach can change the face of the fight against cancer, supplying the medical tools to defeat tumors more selectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Gryciuk
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rogalska
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health NIH-NRI, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
- Valo Therapeutics, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Advanced Materials and Technology CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Concannon K, Morris BB, Gay CM, Byers LA. Combining targeted DNA repair inhibition and immune-oncology approaches for enhanced tumor control. Mol Cell 2023; 83:660-680. [PMID: 36669489 PMCID: PMC9992136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the ability of cancer to evade the immune system remains a major barrier for effective treatment. Related to this, several targeted DNA-damage response inhibitors (DDRis) are being tested in the clinic and have been shown to potentiate anti-tumor immune responses. Seminal studies have shown that these agents are highly effective in a pan-cancer class of tumors with genetic defects in key DNA repair genes such as BRCA1/2, BRCA-related genes, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and others. Here, we review the molecular consequences of targeted DDR inhibition, from tumor cell death to increased engagement of the anti-tumor immune response. Additionally, we discuss mechanistic and clinical rationale for pairing targeted DDRis with immunotherapy for enhanced tumor control. We also review biomarkers for patient selection and promising new immunotherapy approaches poised to form the foundation of next-generation DDRi and immunotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Concannon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin B Morris
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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