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Zager JS, Orloff M, Ferrucci PF, Choi J, Eschelman DJ, Glazer ES, Ejaz A, Howard JH, Richtig E, Ochsenreither S, Reddy SA, Lowe MC, Beasley GM, Gesierich A, Bender A, Gschnell M, Dummer R, Rivoire M, Arance A, Fenwick SW, Sacco JJ, Haferkamp S, Weishaupt C, John J, Wheater M, Ottensmeier CH. Efficacy and Safety of the Melphalan/Hepatic Delivery System in Patients with Unresectable Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: Results from an Open-Label, Single-Arm, Multicenter Phase 3 Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2024:10.1245/s10434-024-15293-x. [PMID: 38704501 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM) has a poor prognosis once liver metastases occur. The melphalan/Hepatic Delivery System (melphalan/HDS) is a drug/device combination used for liver-directed treatment of metastatic UM (mUM) patients. The purpose of the FOCUS study was to assess the efficacy and safety of melphalan/HDS in patients with unresectable mUM. METHODS Eligible patients with mUM received treatment with melphalan (3.0 mg/kg ideal body weight) once every 6 to 8 weeks for a maximum of six cycles. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary end points included duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS The study enrolled 102 patients with mUM. Treatment was attempted in 95 patients, and 91 patients received treatment. In the treated population (n = 91), the ORR was 36.3 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 26.44-47.01), including 7.7 % of patients with a complete response. Thus, the study met its primary end point because the lower bound of the 95 % CI for ORR exceeded the upper bound (8.3 %) from the benchmark meta-analysis. The median DOR was 14 months, and the median OS was 20.5 months, with an OS of 80 % at 1 year. The median PFS was 9 months, with a PFS of 65 % at 6 months. The most common serious treatment-emergent adverse events were thrombocytopenia (15.8 %) and neutropenia (10.5 %), treated mostly on an outpatient basis with observation. No treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSION Treatment with melphalan/HDS provides a clinically meaningful response rate and demonstrates a favorable benefit-risk profile in patients with unresectable mUM (study funded by Delcath; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02678572; EudraCT no. 2015-000417-44).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Zager
- Departments of Cutaneous Oncology and Sarcoma, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | | | | | - Junsung Choi
- Departments of Cutaneous Oncology and Sarcoma, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Evan S Glazer
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aslam Ejaz
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Arance
- Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joseph J Sacco
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Wheater
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Martin MV, Aguilar-Rosas S, Franke K, Pieterse M, van Langelaar J, Schreurs RR, Bijlsma MF, Besselink MG, Koster J, Timens W, Khasraw M, Ashley DM, Keir ST, Ottensmeier CH, King EV, Verheij J, Waasdorp C, Valk PJM, Engels SA, Oostenbach E, van Dinter JT, Hofman DA, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, Wilmink H, Monkhorst K, Verheul HMW, Poel D, Hiltermann TJN, van Kempen LC, Groen HJ, Aerts JGJV, van Heesch S, Lowenberg B, Plasterk R, Kloosterman WP. The neo-open reading frame peptides that comprise the tumor framome are a rich source of neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2024:742916. [PMID: 38573707 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Identification of immunogenic cancer neoantigens as targets for therapy is challenging. Here, we integrate cancer whole genome and long-read transcript sequencing to identify the collection of novel open reading frame peptides (NOPs) expressed in tumors, termed the framome. NOPs represent tumor-specific peptides that are different from wild-type proteins and may be strongly immunogenic. We describe an uncharacterized class of hidden NOPs, which derive from structural genomic variants involving an upstream protein coding gene driving expression and translation of non-coding regions of the genome downstream of a rearrangement breakpoint. NOPs represent a vast amount of possible neoantigens particularly in tumors with many (complex) structural genomic variants and a low number of missense mutations. We show that NOPs are immunogenic and epitopes derived from NOPs can bind to MHC class I molecules. Finally, we provide evidence for the presence of memory T-cells specific for hidden NOPs in lung cancer patient peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katka Franke
- CureVac Netherlands B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Koster
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NH, Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma V King
- University Hospitals Dorset, Poole, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sem Ag Engels
- The Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Oostenbach
- The Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jip T van Dinter
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Damon A Hofman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kim Monkhorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Dennis Poel
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T Jeroen N Hiltermann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Léon C van Kempen
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, I am not in the U.S. or Canada, Netherlands
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3
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Abou Kors T, Hofmann L, Betzler A, Payer K, Bens M, Truong J, von Witzleben A, Thomas J, Kraus JM, Kalaajieh R, Huber D, Ezić J, Benckendorff J, Greve J, Schuler PJ, Ottensmeier CH, Kestler HA, Hoffmann TK, Theodoraki MN, Brunner C, Laban S. INHBA is Enriched in HPV-negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes Cancer Progression. Cancer Res Commun 2024; 4:571-587. [PMID: 38329386 PMCID: PMC10901070 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) exhibit a better prognosis than those with HPV-negative OPSCC. This study investigated the distinct molecular pathways that delineate HPV-negative from HPV-positive OPSCC to identify biologically relevant therapeutic targets. Bulk mRNA from 23 HPV-negative and 39 HPV-positive OPSCC tumors (n = 62) was sequenced to uncover the transcriptomic profiles. Differential expression followed by gene set enrichment analysis was performed to outline the top enriched biological process in the HPV-negative compared with HPV-positive entity. INHBA, the highest overexpressed gene in the HPV-negative tumor, was knocked down. Functional assays (migration, proliferation, cell death, stemness) were conducted to confirm the target's oncogenic role. Correlation analyses to reveal its impact on the tumor microenvironment were performed. We revealed that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most enriched process in HPV-negative compared with HPV-positive OPSCC, with INHBA (inhibin beta A subunit) being the top upregulated gene. INHBA knockdown downregulated the expression of EMT transcription factors and attenuated migration, proliferation, stemness, and cell death resistance of OPSCC cells. We uncovered that INHBA associates with a pro-tumor microenvironment by negatively correlating with antitumor CD8+ T and B cells while positively correlating with pro-tumor M1 macrophages. We identified three miRNAs that are putatively involved in repressing INHBA expression. Our results indicate that the upregulation of INHBA is tumor-promoting. We propose INHBA as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of INHBA-enriched tumors in patients with HPV-negative OPSCC to ameliorate prognosis. SIGNIFICANCE Patients with HPV-negative OPSCC have a poorer prognosis due to distinct molecular pathways. This study reveals significant transcriptomic differences between HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCC, identifying INHBA as a key upregulated gene in HPV-negative OPSCC's oncogenic pathways. INHBA is crucial in promoting EMT, cell proliferation, and an immunosuppressive tumor environment, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for HPV-negative OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Linda Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Betzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrina Payer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Bens
- Fritz Lipmann Institute, Leibniz Institute on Aging, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Truong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jaya Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Randa Kalaajieh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jens Greve
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool Head and Neck Center, University of Liverpool, Faculty of Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Upadhye A, Meza Landeros KE, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Schmiedel BJ, Woo E, Chee SJ, Malicki D, Coufal NG, Gonda D, Levy ML, Greenbaum JA, Seumois G, Crawford J, Roberts WD, Schoenberger SP, Cheroutre H, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P, Ganesan AP. Intra-tumoral T cells in pediatric brain tumors display clonal expansion and effector properties. Nat Cancer 2024:10.1038/s43018-023-00706-9. [PMID: 38228835 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumors in children are a devastating disease in a high proportion of patients. Owing to inconsistent results in clinical trials in unstratified patients, the role of immunotherapy remains unclear. We performed an in-depth survey of the single-cell transcriptomes and clonal relationship of intra-tumoral T cells from children with brain tumors. Our results demonstrate that a large fraction of T cells in the tumor tissue are clonally expanded with the potential to recognize tumor antigens. Such clonally expanded T cells display enrichment of transcripts linked to effector function, tissue residency, immune checkpoints and signatures of neoantigen-specific T cells and immunotherapy response. We identify neoantigens in pediatric brain tumors and show that neoantigen-specific T cell gene signatures are linked to better survival outcomes. Notably, among the patients in our cohort, we observe substantial heterogeneity in the degree of clonal expansion and magnitude of T cell response. Our findings suggest that characterization of intra-tumoral T cell responses may enable selection of patients for immunotherapy, an approach that requires prospective validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upadhye
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin E Meza Landeros
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Denise Malicki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Gonda
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John Crawford
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital Orange County, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William D Roberts
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Center NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Anusha-Preethi Ganesan
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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von Witzleben A, Ellis M, Thomas GJ, Hoffmann TK, Jackson R, Laban S, Ottensmeier CH. Tumor-Infiltrating CD103+ Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells and CD103-CD8+ T Cells in HNSCC Are Linked to Outcome in Primary but not Metastatic Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:224-234. [PMID: 37874322 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are linked to better survival in patients with cancer. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM; CD8+CD103+) are recognized as a key player of anticancer immune response. To assess TRM cells in primary, metastatic, and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we developed a tissue microarray (TMA) and used multiplex IHC (MxIHC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Samples from primary tumors of 379 HNSCC cases treated at Southampton Hospitals between 2000 and 2016 were collected and analyzed. Of these, 105 cases had lymph node metastases and 82 recurrences. A TMA was generated with triplicate cores for each sample. MxIHC with a stain-and-strip approach was performed using CD8, CD103, and TIM3. Scanned slides were analyzed (digital image analysis) and quality checked (QC). RESULTS After QC, 194 primary tumors, 76 lymph node metastases, and 65 recurrences were evaluable. Alcohol consumption was statistically significantly correlated with a reduction of TRM cells in primary tumors (nondrinker vs. heavy drinker: P = 0.0036). The known survival benefit of TRM cell infiltration in primary tumors was not found for lymph node metastasis. In recurrences, a high TRM cell number led to a favorable outcome after 12 months. The checkpoint molecule TIM3, was expressed significantly higher on TRM and non-TRM cells in the lymph node compared with primary tumors (P < 0.0001), which was also seen in recurrences (P = 0.0134 and P = 0.0007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We confirm the prognostic impact of TIL in primary tumors and in recurrences. TRM cell density in lymph node metastases was not linked to outcome. The role of TIM3, as a therapeutic target remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, H, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ellis
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, H, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, H, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Jackson
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology and Liverpool CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, UK University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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6
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Chandra S, Ascui G, Riffelmacher T, Chawla A, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Castelan VC, Seumois G, Simon H, Murray MP, Seo GY, Premlal ALR, Schmiedel B, Verstichel G, Li Y, Lin CH, Greenbaum J, Lamberti J, Murthy R, Nigro J, Cheroutre H, Ottensmeier CH, Hedrick SM, Lu LF, Vijayanand P, Kronenberg M. Transcriptomes and metabolism define mouse and human MAIT cell populations. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabn8531. [PMID: 37948512 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that respond to microbial metabolites. We defined MAIT cell populations in different organs and characterized the developmental pathway of mouse and human MAIT cells in the thymus using single-cell RNA sequencing and phenotypic and metabolic analyses. We showed that the predominant mouse subset, which produced IL-17 (MAIT17), and the subset that produced IFN-γ (MAIT1) had not only greatly different transcriptomes but also different metabolic states. MAIT17 cells in different organs exhibited increased lipid uptake, lipid storage, and mitochondrial potential compared with MAIT1 cells. All these properties were similar in the thymus and likely acquired there. Human MAIT cells in lung and blood were more homogeneous but still differed between tissues. Human MAIT cells had increased fatty acid uptake and lipid storage in blood and lung, similar to human CD8 T resident memory cells, but unlike mouse MAIT17 cells, they lacked increased mitochondrial potential. Although mouse and human MAIT cell transcriptomes showed similarities for immature cells in the thymus, they diverged more strikingly in the periphery. Analysis of pet store mice demonstrated decreased lung MAIT17 cells in these so-called "dirty" mice, indicative of an environmental influence on MAIT cell subsets and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chandra
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ascui
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Riffelmacher
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Ashu Chawla
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Viankail C Castelan
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hayley Simon
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mallory P Murray
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Goo-Young Seo
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashmitaa L R Premlal
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin Schmiedel
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Greet Verstichel
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yingcong Li
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason Greenbaum
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John Lamberti
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, USA
| | - Raghav Murthy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Heart Center Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John Nigro
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Hilde Cheroutre
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Stephen M Hedrick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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7
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Gray S, Ottensmeier CH. Advancing Understanding of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Multiplexed Antibody-Based Spatial Imaging Technologies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4797. [PMID: 37835491 PMCID: PMC10571797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality, despite significant advances made in its treatment using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) over the last decade; while a minority experience prolonged responses with ICIs, benefit is limited for most patients. The development of multiplexed antibody-based (MAB) spatial tissue imaging technologies has revolutionised analysis of the tumour microenvironment (TME), enabling identification of a wide range of cell types and subtypes, and analysis of the spatial relationships and interactions between them. Such study has the potential to translate into a greater understanding of treatment susceptibility and resistance, factors influencing prognosis and recurrence risk, and identification of novel therapeutic approaches and rational treatment combinations to improve patient outcomes in the clinic. Herein we review studies that have leveraged MAB technologies to deliver novel insights into the TME of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gray
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ashton St., Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Pembroke Pl., Liverpool L7 8YA, UK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Ashton St., Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Pembroke Pl., Liverpool L7 8YA, UK
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8
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Eschweiler S, Wang A, Ramírez-Suástegui C, von Witzleben A, Li Y, Chee SJ, Simon H, Mondal M, Ellis M, Thomas GJ, Chandra V, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. JAML immunotherapy targets recently activated tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112040. [PMID: 36701231 PMCID: PMC10366340 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-like protein (JAML) serves as a co-stimulatory molecule in γδ T cells. While it has recently been described as a cancer immunotherapy target in mice, its potential to cause toxicity, specific mode of action with regard to its cellular targets, and whether it can be targeted in humans remain unknown. Here, we show that JAML is induced by T cell receptor engagement, reveal that this induction is linked to cis-regulatory interactions between the CD3D and JAML gene loci. When compared with other immunotherapy targets plagued by low target specificity and end-organ toxicity, we find JAML to be mostly restricted to and highly expressed by tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in multiple cancer types. By delineating the key cellular targets and functional consequences of agonistic anti-JAML therapy in a murine melanoma model, we show its specific mode of action and the reason for its synergistic effects with anti-PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Wang
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yingcong Li
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Serena J Chee
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and NIHR and CRUK Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital and NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Ellis
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Vivek Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and NIHR and CRUK Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and NIHR and CRUK Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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9
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Hanley CJ, Waise S, Ellis MJ, Lopez MA, Pun WY, Taylor J, Parker R, Kimbley LM, Chee SJ, Shaw EC, West J, Alzetani A, Woo E, Ottensmeier CH, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Thomas GJ. Single-cell analysis reveals prognostic fibroblast subpopulations linked to molecular and immunological subtypes of lung cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:387. [PMID: 36720863 PMCID: PMC9889778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are poorly characterised cells that variably impact tumour progression. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing, multiplexed immunohistochemistry and digital cytometry (CIBERSORTx) to identify and characterise three major fibroblast subpopulations in human non-small cell lung cancer: adventitial, alveolar and myofibroblasts. Alveolar and adventitial fibroblasts (enriched in control tissue samples) localise to discrete spatial niches in histologically normal lung tissue and indicate improved overall survival rates when present in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). Trajectory inference identifies three phases of control tissue fibroblast activation, leading to myofibroblast enrichment in tumour samples: initial upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, followed by stress-response signalling and ultimately increased expression of fibrillar collagens. Myofibroblasts correlate with poor overall survival rates in LUAD, associated with loss of epithelial differentiation, TP53 mutations, proximal molecular subtypes and myeloid cell recruitment. In squamous carcinomas myofibroblasts were not prognostic despite being transcriptomically equivalent. These findings have important implications for developing fibroblast-targeting strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hanley
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Cancer Research UK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Sara Waise
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Maria A Lopez
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Wai Y Pun
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Julian Taylor
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rachel Parker
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lucy M Kimbley
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB) and Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Emily C Shaw
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan West
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Department of Thoracic surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Edwin Woo
- Department of Thoracic surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Research UK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB) and Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Cancer Research UK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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10
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Pandori WJ, Padgett LE, Alimadadi A, Gutierrez NA, Araujo DJ, Huh CJ, Olingy CE, Dinh HQ, Wu R, Vijayanand P, Chee SJ, Ottensmeier CH, Hedrick CC. Single-cell immune profiling reveals long-term changes in myeloid cells and identifies a novel subset of CD9 + monocytes associated with COVID-19 hospitalization. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1053-1063. [PMID: 35866369 PMCID: PMC9350203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4cova0122-076r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in severe immune dysfunction, hospitalization, and death. Many patients also develop long-COVID-19, experiencing symptoms months after infection. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the immune response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, gaps remain in our knowledge of how innate immunity influences disease kinetics and severity. We hypothesized that cytometry by time-of-flight analysis of PBMCs from healthy and infected subjects would identify novel cell surface markers and innate immune cell subsets associated with COVID-19 severity. In this pursuit, we identified monocyte and dendritic cell subsets that changed in frequency during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlated with clinical parameters of disease severity. Subsets of nonclassical monocytes decreased in frequency in hospitalized subjects, yet increased in the most severe patients and positively correlated with clinical values associated with worse disease severity. CD9, CD163, PDL1, and PDL2 expression significantly increased in hospitalized subjects, and CD9 and 6-Sulfo LacNac emerged as the markers that best distinguished monocyte subsets amongst all subjects. CD9+ monocytes remained elevated, whereas nonclassical monocytes remained decreased, in the blood of hospitalized subjects at 3-4 months postinfection. Finally, we found that CD9+ monocytes functionally released more IL-8 and MCP-1 after LPS stimulation. This study identifies new monocyte subsets present in the blood of COVID-19 patients that correlate with disease severity, and links CD9+ monocytes to COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Pandori
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lindsey E. Padgett
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Norma A. Gutierrez
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniel J. Araujo
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christine J. Huh
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Claire E. Olingy
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Runpei Wu
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Serena J. Chee
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB)University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB)University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Center for Autoimmunity and InflammationLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Gan CP, Lee BKB, Lau SH, Kallarakkal TG, Zaini ZM, Lye BKW, Zain RB, Sathasivam HP, Yeong JPS, Savelyeva N, Thomas G, Ottensmeier CH, Ariffin H, Cheong SC, Lim KP. Transcriptional analysis highlights three distinct immune profiles of high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954567. [PMID: 36119104 PMCID: PMC9479061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are precursors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the presence of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) in OPMD confers an increased risk of malignant transformation. Emerging evidence has indicated a role for the immune system in OPMD disease progression; however, the underlying immune mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we used immune signatures established from cancer to delineate the immune profiles of moderate and severe OED, which are considered high-risk OPMD. We demonstrated that moderate and severe OEDs exhibit high lymphocyte infiltration and upregulation of genes involved in both immune surveillance (major histocompatibility complex-I, T cells, B cells and cytolytic activity) and immune suppression (immune checkpoints, T regulatory cells, and tumor-associated macrophages). Notably, we identified three distinct subtypes of moderate and severe OED: immune cytotoxic, non-cytotoxic and non-immune reactive. Active immune surveillance is present in the immune cytotoxic subtype, whereas the non-cytotoxic subtype lacks CD8 immune cytotoxic response. The non-immune reactive subtype showed upregulation of genes involved in the stromal microenvironment and cell cycle. The lack of T cell infiltration and activation in the non-immune reactive subtype is due to the dysregulation of CTNNB1, PTEN and JAK2. This work suggests that moderate and severe OED that harbor the non-cytotoxic or non-immune reactive subtype are likely to progress to cancer. Overall, we showed that distinct immune responses are present in high-risk OPMD, and revealed targetable pathways that could lead to potential new approaches for non-surgical management of OED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Phei Gan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bernard Kok Bang Lee
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Shin Hin Lau
- Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bryan Kit Weng Lye
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy (MAHSA) University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Hans Prakash Sathasivam
- Cancer Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Integrative Biology for Theranostics, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalia Savelyeva
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- *Correspondence:Kue Peng Lim,
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12
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Eschweiler S, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Li Y, King E, Chudley L, Thomas J, Wood O, von Witzleben A, Jeffrey D, McCann K, Simon H, Mondal M, Wang A, Dicker M, Lopez-Guadamillas E, Chou TF, Dobbs NA, Essame L, Acton G, Kelly F, Halbert G, Sacco JJ, Schache AG, Shaw R, McCaul JA, Paterson C, Davies JH, Brennan PA, Singh RP, Loadman PM, Wilson W, Hackshaw A, Seumois G, Okkenhaug K, Thomas GJ, Jones TM, Ay F, Friberg G, Kronenberg M, Vanhaesebroeck B, Vijayanand P, Ottensmeier CH. Intermittent PI3Kδ inhibition sustains anti-tumour immunity and curbs irAEs. Nature 2022; 605:741-746. [PMID: 35508656 PMCID: PMC9132770 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) has a key role in lymphocytes, and inhibitors that target this PI3K have been approved for treatment of B cell malignancies1-3. Although studies in mouse models of solid tumours have demonstrated that PI3Kδ inhibitors (PI3Kδi) can induce anti-tumour immunity4,5, its effect on solid tumours in humans remains unclear. Here we assessed the effects of the PI3Kδi AMG319 in human patients with head and neck cancer in a neoadjuvant, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase II trial (EudraCT no. 2014-004388-20). PI3Kδ inhibition decreased the number of tumour-infiltrating regulatory T (Treg) cells and enhanced the cytotoxic potential of tumour-infiltrating T cells. At the tested doses of AMG319, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) required treatment to be discontinued in 12 out of 21 of patients treated with AMG319, suggestive of systemic effects on Treg cells. Accordingly, in mouse models, PI3Kδi decreased the number of Treg cells systemically and caused colitis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a PI3Kδi-driven loss of tissue-resident colonic ST2 Treg cells, accompanied by expansion of pathogenic T helper 17 (TH17) and type 17 CD8+ T (TC17) cells, which probably contributed to toxicity; this points towards a specific mode of action for the emergence of irAEs. A modified treatment regimen with intermittent dosing of PI3Kδi in mouse models led to a significant decrease in tumour growth without inducing pathogenic T cells in colonic tissue, indicating that alternative dosing regimens might limit toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yingcong Li
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emma King
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Dorset Cancer Centre, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
| | - Lindsey Chudley
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jaya Thomas
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Oliver Wood
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Adrian von Witzleben
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Danielle Jeffrey
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katy McCann
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alice Wang
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicola A Dobbs
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Louisa Essame
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Gary Acton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Fiona Kelly
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Gavin Halbert
- Cancer Research UK Formulation Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and Liverpool Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Center Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Graeme Schache
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Shaw
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Joseph H Davies
- Dorset Cancer Centre, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
| | | | - Rabindra P Singh
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- University of Bradford, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Bradford, UK
| | - William Wilson
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK and UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Terry M Jones
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust and Liverpool Cancer Research UK Experimental Cancer Medicine Center Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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13
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Olingy C, Alimadadi A, Araujo DJ, Barry D, Gutierrez NA, Werbin MH, Arriola E, Patel SP, Ottensmeier CH, Dinh HQ, Hedrick CC. CD33 Expression on Peripheral Blood Monocytes Predicts Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842653. [PMID: 35493454 PMCID: PMC9046782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed cancer medicine, with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy now well-utilized for treating NSCLC. Still, not all patients with NSCLC respond positively to anti-PD-1 therapy, and some patients acquire resistance to treatment. There remains an urgent need to find markers predictive of anti-PD-1 responsiveness. To this end, we performed mass cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 26 patients with NSCLC during anti-PD-1 treatment. Patients who responded to anti-PD-1 ICB displayed significantly higher levels of antigen-presenting myeloid cells, including CD9+ nonclassical monocytes, and CD33hi classical monocytes. Using matched pre-post treatment samples, we found that the baseline pre-treatment frequencies of CD33hi monocytes predicted patient responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, some of these classical and nonclassical monocyte subsets were associated with reduced immunosuppression by T regulatory (CD4+FOXP3+CD25+) cells in the same patients. Our use of machine learning corroborated the association of specific monocyte markers with responsiveness to ICB. Our work provides a high-dimensional profile of monocytes in NSCLC and links CD33 expression on monocytes with anti-PD-1 effectiveness in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Olingy
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Araujo
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David Barry
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Norma A. Gutierrez
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Max Hardy Werbin
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandip Pravin Patel
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Catherine C. Hedrick
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine C. Hedrick,
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14
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Hussain K, Liu R, Smith RCG, Müller KTJ, Ghorbani M, Macari S, Cleary KLS, Oldham RJ, Foxall RB, James S, Booth SG, Murray T, Dahal LN, Hargreaves CE, Kemp RS, Longley J, Douglas J, Markham H, Chee SJ, Stopforth RJ, Roghanian A, Carter MJ, Ottensmeier CH, Frendéus B, Cutress RI, French RR, Glennie MJ, Strefford JC, Thirdborough SM, Beers SA, Cragg MS. HIF activation enhances FcγRIIb expression on mononuclear phagocytes impeding tumor targeting antibody immunotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:131. [PMID: 35392965 PMCID: PMC8988350 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in addition to altering metabolism in cancer cells, it transforms tumor-associated stromal cells. Within the tumor stromal cell compartment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) provide potent pro-tumoral support. However, TAMs can also be harnessed to destroy tumor cells by monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunotherapy, through antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). This is mediated via antibody-binding activating Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) and impaired by the single inhibitory FcγR, FcγRIIb. METHODS We applied a multi-OMIC approach coupled with in vitro functional assays and murine tumor models to assess the effects of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activation on mAb mediated depletion of human and murine cancer cells. For mechanistic assessments, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, Western blotting and chromatin immune precipitation were utilized to assess the impact of identified regulators on FCGR2B gene transcription. RESULTS We report that TAMs are FcγRIIbbright relative to healthy tissue counterparts and under hypoxic conditions, mononuclear phagocytes markedly upregulate FcγRIIb. This enhanced FcγRIIb expression is transcriptionally driven through HIFs and Activator protein 1 (AP-1). Importantly, this phenotype reduces the ability of macrophages to eliminate anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) opsonized human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro and EL4 lymphoma cells in vivo in human FcγRIIb+/+ transgenic mice. Furthermore, post-HIF activation, mAb mediated blockade of FcγRIIb can partially restore phagocytic function in human monocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a detailed molecular and cellular basis for hypoxia driven resistance to antitumor mAb immunotherapy, unveiling a hitherto unexplored aspect of the TME. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the modulation of FcγRIIb expression or its blockade as a promising strategy to enhance approved and novel mAb immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiyam Hussain
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rena Liu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rosanna C G Smith
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kri T J Müller
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mohammadmersad Ghorbani
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Genomics Group, Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sofia Macari
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kirstie L S Cleary
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Robert J Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Russell B Foxall
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Steven G Booth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tom Murray
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lekh N Dahal
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Chantal E Hargreaves
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert S Kemp
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jemma Longley
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James Douglas
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Hannah Markham
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, Hampshire, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard J Stopforth
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J Carter
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Bjorn Frendéus
- Preclinical Research, BioInvent International AB, Sölvegatan 41, 22370, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics Group, Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen M Thirdborough
- CRUK Southampton Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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15
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Doescher J, von Witzleben A, Boukas K, Weissinger SE, Thomas GJ, Laban S, Thomas J, Hoffmann TK, Ottensmeier CH. Changes in Gene Expression Patterns in the Tumor Microenvironment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Under Chemoradiotherapy Depend on Response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862694. [PMID: 35433484 PMCID: PMC9012140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is a standard treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Unfortunately, not all patients respond to this therapy and require further treatment, either salvage surgery or palliative therapy. The addition of immunotherapy to CRT is currently being investigated and early results describe a mixed response. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of CRT on the tumor microenvironment (TME) to be able to interpret the results of the clinical trials. Paired biopsies from 30 HNSCC patients were collected before and three months after completion of primary CRT and interrogated for the expression of 1392 immune- and cancer-related genes. There was a relevant difference in the number of differentially expressed genes between the total cohort and patients with residual disease. Genes involved in T cell activation showed significantly reduced expression in these tumors after therapy. Furthermore, gene enrichment for several T cell subsets confirmed this observation. The analysis of tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) did not show a clear association with impaired response to therapy. CRT seems to lead to a loss of T cells in patients with incomplete response that needs to be reversed. It is not clear whether the addition of anti-PD-1 antibodies alone to CRT can prevent treatment failure, as no upregulation of the targets was measurable in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Doescher
- Translational Immunology Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johannes Doescher,
| | - Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Boukas
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jaya Thomas
- Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Translational Immunology Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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16
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Naheed S, Holden C, Tanno L, Pattini L, Pearce NW, Green B, Jaynes E, Cave J, Ottensmeier CH, Pelosi G. Utility of KI-67 as a prognostic biomarker in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e041961. [PMID: 35241462 PMCID: PMC8895948 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ki-67, a marker of cellular proliferation, is associated with prognosis across a wide range of tumours, including gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), lymphoma, urothelial tumours and breast carcinomas. Its omission from the classification system of pulmonary NENs is controversial. This systematic review sought to assess whether Ki-67 is a prognostic biomarker in lung NENs and, if feasible, proceed to a meta-analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane library were searched for studies published prior to 28 February 2019 and investigating the role of Ki-67 in lung NENs. Eligible studies were those that included more than 20 patients and provided details of survival outcomes, namely, HRs with CIs according to Ki-67 percentage. Studies not available as a full text or without an English manuscript were excluded. This study was prospectively registered with PROSPERO. RESULTS Of 11 814 records identified, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. These retrospective studies provided data for 1268 patients (693 TC, 281 AC, 94 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 190 small cell lung carcinomas) and a meta-analysis was carried out to estimate a pooled effect. Random effects analyses demonstrated an association between a high Ki-67 index and poorer overall survival (HR of 2.02, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.52) and recurrence-free survival (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.00). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that high Ki-67 labelling indices are associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with pulmonary NENs. This study is subject to inherent limitations, but it does provide valuable insights regarding the use of the biomarker Ki-67, in a rare tumour. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018093389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Naheed
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chloe Holden
- Department of Oncology, Wessex NET Group ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lulu Tanno
- Cancer Sciences Unit, NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and NIHR Biomedical Research Center Southampton, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Linda Pattini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Polytechnic of Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Neil W Pearce
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Bryan Green
- Department of Pathology, Wessex NET Group ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleanor Jaynes
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Wessex NET Group ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Judith Cave
- Department of Oncology, Wessex NET Group ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and NIHR Biomedical Research Center Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
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17
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Schmiedel BJ, Rocha J, Gonzalez-Colin C, Bhattacharyya S, Madrigal A, Ottensmeier CH, Ay F, Chandra V, Vijayanand P. COVID-19 genetic risk variants are associated with expression of multiple genes in diverse immune cell types. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6760. [PMID: 34799557 PMCID: PMC8604964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common genetic polymorphisms associated with COVID-19 illness can be utilized for discovering molecular pathways and cell types driving disease pathogenesis. Given the importance of immune cells in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 illness, here we assessed the effects of COVID-19-risk variants on gene expression in a wide range of immune cell types. Transcriptome-wide association study and colocalization analysis revealed putative causal genes and the specific immune cell types where gene expression is most influenced by COVID-19-risk variants. Notable examples include OAS1 in non-classical monocytes, DTX1 in B cells, IL10RB in NK cells, CXCR6 in follicular helper T cells, CCR9 in regulatory T cells and ARL17A in TH2 cells. By analysis of transposase accessible chromatin and H3K27ac-based chromatin-interaction maps of immune cell types, we prioritized potentially functional COVID-19-risk variants. Our study highlights the potential of COVID-19 genetic risk variants to impact the function of diverse immune cell types and influence severe disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Job Rocha
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gonzalez-Colin
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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18
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Wang C, Zainal NS, Chai SJ, Dickie J, Gan CP, Zulaziz N, Lye BKW, Sutavani RV, Ottensmeier CH, King EV, Abraham MT, Ismail SMB, Lau SH, Kallarakkal TG, Mun KS, Zain RB, Abdul Rahman ZA, Thomas GJ, Cheong SC, Savelyeva N, Lim KP. DNA Vaccines Targeting Novel Cancer-Associated Antigens Frequently Expressed in Head and Neck Cancer Enhance the Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibitor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763086. [PMID: 34733290 PMCID: PMC8559892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV-independent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer globally. The overall response rate to anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in HNSCC is ~16%. One major factor influencing the effectiveness of CPI is the level of tumor infiltrating T cells (TILs). Converting TILlow tumors to TILhigh tumors is thus critical to improve clinical outcome. Here we describe a novel DNA vaccines to facilitate the T-cell infiltration and control tumor growth. We evaluated the expression of target antigens and their respective immunogenicity in HNSCC patients. The efficacy of DNA vaccines targeting two novel antigens were evaluated with or without CPI using a syngeneic model. Most HNSCC patients (43/44) co-expressed MAGED4B and FJX1 and their respective tetramer-specific T cells were in the range of 0.06-0.12%. In a preclinical model, antigen-specific T cells were induced by DNA vaccines and increased T cell infiltration into the tumor, but not MDSC or regulatory T cells. The vaccines inhibited tumor growth and improved the outcome alone and upon combination with anti-PD1 and resulted in tumor clearance in approximately 75% of mice. Pre-existence of MAGED4B and FJX1-reactive T cells in HNSCC patients suggests that these widely expressed antigens are highly immunogenic and could be further expanded by vaccination. The DNA vaccines targeting these antigens induced robust T cell responses and with the anti-PD1 antibody conferring excellent tumor control. This opens up an opportunity for combination immunotherapy that might benefit a wider population of HNSCC patients in an antigen-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Syafinaz Zainal
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - San Jiun Chai
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James Dickie
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chai Phei Gan
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Natasha Zulaziz
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bryan Kit Weng Lye
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruhcha V Sutavani
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emma V King
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mannil Thomas Abraham
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, Klang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mazlipah Binti Ismail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Hin Lau
- Stomatology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kein Seong Mun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy (MAHSA) University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Natalia Savelyeva
- Head and Neck Cancer Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kue Peng Lim
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Eschweiler S, Clarke J, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Panwar B, Madrigal A, Chee SJ, Karydis I, Woo E, Alzetani A, Elsheikh S, Hanley CJ, Thomas GJ, Friedmann PS, Sanchez-Elsner T, Ay F, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Intratumoral follicular regulatory T cells curtail anti-PD-1 treatment efficacy. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1052-1063. [PMID: 34168370 PMCID: PMC8434898 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown remarkable clinical success in boosting antitumor immunity. However, the breadth of its cellular targets and specific mode of action remain elusive. We find that tumor-infiltrating follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells are prevalent in tumor tissues of several cancer types. They are primarily located within tertiary lymphoid structures and exhibit superior suppressive capacity and in vivo persistence as compared with regulatory T cells, with which they share a clonal and developmental relationship. In syngeneic tumor models, anti-PD-1 treatment increases the number of tumor-infiltrating TFR cells. Both TFR cell deficiency and the depletion of TFR cells with anti-CTLA-4 before anti-PD-1 treatment improve tumor control in mice. Notably, in a cohort of 271 patients with melanoma, treatment with anti-CTLA-4 followed by anti-PD-1 at progression was associated with better a survival outcome than monotherapy with anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1 followed by anti-CTLA-4 at progression or concomitant combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Clarke
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bharat Panwar
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Serena J Chee
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ioannis Karydis
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Somaia Elsheikh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, England
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - C J Hanley
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - G J Thomas
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter S Friedmann
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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20
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Tanno L, Naheed S, Dunbar J, Tod J, Lopez MA, Taylor J, Machado M, Green B, Ashton-Key M, Chee SJ, Wood O, Pearce NW, Thomas GJ, Friedmann PS, Cave J, Ottensmeier CH. Analysis of Immune Landscape in Pancreatic and Ileal Neuroendocrine Tumours Demonstrates an Immune Cold Tumour Microenvironment. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 112:370-383. [PMID: 34157710 DOI: 10.1159/000517688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumours with an increasing incidence. While low- and intermediate-grade pancreatic NET (PanNET) and small intestinal NET (siNET) are slow growing, they have a relatively high rate of metastasizing to the liver, leading to substantially worse outcomes. In many solid tumours, the outcome is determined by the quality of the antitumour immune response. However, the quality and significance of antitumour responses in NETs are incompletely understood. This study provides clinico-pathological analyses of the tumour immune microenvironment in PanNET and siNETs. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from consecutive resected PanNETs (61) and siNETs (131) was used to construct tissue microarrays (TMAs); 1-mm cores were taken from the tumour centre, stroma, tumour edge, and adjacent healthy tissue. TMAs were stained with antibodies against CD8, CD4, CD68, FoxP3, CD20, and NCR1. T-cell counts were compared with counts from lung cancers. RESULTS For PanNET, median counts were CD8+ 35.4 cells/mm2, CD4+ 7.6 cells/mm2, and CD68+ macrophages 117.7 cells/mm2. For siNET, there were CD8+ 39.2 cells/mm2, CD4+ 24.1 cells/mm2, and CD68+ 139.2 cells/mm2. The CD8+ cell density in the tumour and liver metastases were significantly lower than in the adjacent normal tissues, without evidence of a cell-rich area at the tumour edge that might have suggested immune exclusion. T-cell counts in lung cancer were significantly higher than those in PanNET and siNETs: CD8+ 541 cells/mm2 and CD4+ 861 cells/mm2 (p ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSION PanNETs and siNETs are immune cold with no evidence of T cell exclusion; the low density of immune infiltrates indicates poor antitumour immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Tanno
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Salma Naheed
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan Dunbar
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jo Tod
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Maria A Lopez
- Department of Research Histology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julian Taylor
- Department of Research Histology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Maria Machado
- Department of Research Histology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bryan Green
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Oliver Wood
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Neil W Pearce
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter S Friedmann
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Judith Cave
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- School of Cancer Sciences, and CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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21
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Abstract
Although human papillomavirus (HPV)+ oropharyngeal cancers often present with metastasis, most patients have excellent long-term survival. The reason underlying such an apparent contradiction remains unclear, but we have recently demonstrated that the improved survival of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer patients has an immunological component, as the levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be used to stratify HPV+ patients into high-risk and low-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V King
- Cancer Sciences Unit; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK ; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Poole NHS Foundation Trust; Poole, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK ; NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre Southampton; Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit; University of Southampton; Southampton, UK ; NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre Southampton; Southampton, UK
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22
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von Witzleben A, Currall E, Wood O, Chudley L, Akinyegun O, Thomas J, Bendjama K, Thomas GJ, Friedmann PS, King EV, Laban S, Ottensmeier CH. Correlation of HPV16 Gene Status and Gene Expression With Antibody Seropositivity and TIL Status in OPSCC. Front Oncol 2021; 10:591063. [PMID: 33575210 PMCID: PMC7871909 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is the main cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). To date, the links between HPV16 gene expression and adaptive immune responses have not been investigated. We evaluated the correlation of HPV16 DNA, RNA transcripts and features of adaptive immune response by evaluating antibody isotypes against E2, E7 antigens and density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). MATERIAL AND METHODS FFPE-tissue from 27/77 p16-positive OPSCC patients was available. DNA and RNA were extracted and quantified using qPCR for all HPV16 genes. The TIL status was assessed. Immune responses against E2 and E7 were quantified by ELISA (IgG, IgA, and IgM; 77 serum samples pre-treatment, 36 matched post-treatment). RESULTS Amounts of HPV16 genes were highly correlated at DNA and RNA levels. RNA co-expression of all genes was detected in 37% (7/19). E7 qPCR results were correlated with higher anti-E7 antibody (IgG, IgA) level in the blood. Patients with high anti-E2 IgG antibody (>median) had better overall survival (p=0.0311); anti-E2 and anti-E7 IgA levels had no detectable effect. During the first 6 months after treatment, IgA but not IgG increased significantly, and >6 months both antibody classes declined over time. Patients with immune cell-rich tumors had higher levels of circulating antibodies against HPV antigens. CONCLUSION We describe an HPV16 qPCR assay to quantify genomic and transcriptomic expression and correlate this with serum antibody levels against HPV16 oncoproteins. Understanding DNA/RNA expression, relationship to the antibody response in patients regarding treatment and outcome offers an attractive tool to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian von Witzleben
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eve Currall
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Wood
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey Chudley
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Oluyemisi Akinyegun
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jaya Thomas
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kaïdre Bendjama
- Department Affaires Médicinales, Research, Project, Transgene SA, Illkirch, France
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Friedmann
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma V. King
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Poole Hospital, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- CRUK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Center & School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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23
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Kusnadi A, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Meckiff BJ, Simon H, Pelosi E, Seumois G, Ay F, Vijayanand P, Ottensmeier CH. Severely ill COVID-19 patients display impaired exhaustion features in SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8 + T cells. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe4782. [PMID: 33478949 PMCID: PMC8101257 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular properties of CD8+ T cells that respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully known. Here, we report on the single-cell transcriptomes of >80,000 virus-reactive CD8+ T cells, obtained using a modified Antigen-Reactive T cell Enrichment (ARTE) assay, from 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 healthy subjects. COVID-19 patients segregated into two groups based on whether the dominant CD8+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 was 'exhausted' or not. SARS-CoV-2-reactive cells in the exhausted subset were increased in frequency and displayed lesser cytotoxicity and inflammatory features in COVID-19 patients with mild compared to severe illness. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-reactive cells in the dominant non-exhausted subset from patients with severe disease showed enrichment of transcripts linked to co-stimulation, pro-survival NF-κB signaling, and anti-apoptotic pathways, suggesting the generation of robust CD8+ T cell memory responses in patients with severe COVID-19 illness. CD8+ T cells reactive to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus from healthy subjects displayed polyfunctional features and enhanced glycolysis. Cells with such features were largely absent in SARS-CoV-2-reactive cells from both COVID-19 patients and healthy controls non-exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our single-cell analysis revealed substantial diversity in the nature of CD8+ T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Serena J Chee
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Emanuela Pelosi
- Southampton Specialist Virology Centre, Department of Infection, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool & Clatterbridge Cancer Center NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool & Clatterbridge Cancer Center NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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24
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von Witzleben A, Fehn A, Grages A, Ezić J, Jeske SS, Puntigam LK, Brunner C, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Doescher J, Brand M, Theodoraki MN, Ottensmeier CH, Hoffmann TK, Schuler PJ, Laban S. Prospective longitudinal study of immune checkpoint molecule (ICM) expression in immune cell subsets during curative conventional therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Int J Cancer 2020; 148:2023-2035. [PMID: 33336372 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Programmed-death-1 (PD1) antibodies are approved for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple drugs targeting costimulatory and coinhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (ICM) have been discovered. However, it remains unknown how these ICM are affected by curative conventional therapy on different immune cell subsets during the course of treatment. In the prospective noninterventional clinical study titled "Immune Response Evaluation to Curative conventional Therapy" (NCT03053661), 22 patients were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were drawn at defined time points throughout curative conventional treatment and follow-up. Immune cells (IC) from the different time points were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. The following ICM were measured by flow cytometry: PD1, CTLA4, BTLA, CD137, CD27, GITR, OX40, LAG3 and TIM3. Dynamics of ICM expression were assessed using nonparametric paired samples tests. Significant changes were noted for PD1, BTLA and CD27 on multiple IC types during or after radiotherapy. Nonsignificant trends for increased expression of OX40 and GITR from baseline until the end of RT were observed on CD4 T cells and CD4+ CD39+ T cells. In patients with samples at recurrence of disease, a nonsignificant increase of TIM3 and LAG3 positive CD4+ CD39+ T cells was evident, accompanied by an increase of double positive cells for TIM3/LAG3. Potential future targets to be combined with RT in the conventional treatment and anti-PD1/PD-L could be BTLA agonists, or agonistic antibodies to costimulatory ICM like CD137, OX40 or GITR. The combination of cetuximab with CD27 agonistic antibodies enhancing ADCC or the targeting of TIM3/LAG3 may be another promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton, UK.,Southampton University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Adrian Fehn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ayla Grages
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra S Jeske
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa K Puntigam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Ulm University, Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Ulm University, Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton, UK.,Southampton University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Schmiedel BJ, Chandra V, Rocha J, Gonzalez-Colin C, Bhattacharyya S, Madrigal A, Ottensmeier CH, Ay F, Vijayanand P. COVID-19 genetic risk variants are associated with expression of multiple genes in diverse immune cell types. bioRxiv 2020:2020.12.01.407429. [PMID: 33299987 PMCID: PMC7724655 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.01.407429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic polymorphisms associated with severity of COVID-19 illness can be utilized for discovering molecular pathways and cell types driving disease pathogenesis. Here, we assessed the effects of 679 COVID-19-risk variants on gene expression in a wide-range of immune cell types. Severe COVID-19-risk variants were significantly associated with the expression of 11 protein-coding genes, and overlapped with either target gene promoter or cis -regulatory regions that interact with target promoters in the cell types where their effects are most prominent. For example, we identified that the association between variants in the 3p21.31 risk locus and the expression of CCR2 in classical monocytes is likely mediated through an active cis-regulatory region that interacted with CCR2 promoter specifically in monocytes. The expression of several other genes showed prominent genotype-dependent effects in non-classical monocytes, NK cells, B cells, or specific T cell subtypes, highlighting the potential of COVID-19 genetic risk variants to impact the function of diverse immune cell types and influence severe disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Schmiedel
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Equally contributed to this work
| | - Vivek Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Equally contributed to this work
| | - Job Rocha
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Equally contributed to this work
| | | | | | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Joint senior authors
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
- Joint senior authors
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26
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Meckiff BJ, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Kusnadi A, Simon H, Eschweiler S, Grifoni A, Pelosi E, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Ay F, Seumois G, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Imbalance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD4 + T Cells in COVID-19. Cell 2020; 183:1340-1353.e16. [PMID: 33096020 PMCID: PMC7534589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomic analysis of >100,000 viral antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells from 40 COVID-19 patients. In hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper cells and cytotoxic T helper (TH) cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2 and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2-reactive regulatory T cells (TREG). Importantly, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a strong cytotoxic TFH response was observed early in the illness, which correlated negatively with antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Polyfunctional TH1 and TH17 cell subsets were underrepresented in the repertoire of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells compared to influenza-reactive CD4+ T cells. Together, our analyses provide insights into the gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells in distinct disease severities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Serena J Chee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emanuela Pelosi
- Southampton Specialist Virology Center, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK.
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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27
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Fleming JC, Woo J, Moutasim K, Hanley CJ, Frampton SJ, Wood O, Ward M, Woelk CH, Ottensmeier CH, Hafizi S, Kim D, Thomas GJ. CTEN Induces Tumour Cell Invasion and Survival and Is Prognostic in Radiotherapy-Treated Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2963. [PMID: 33066224 PMCID: PMC7602105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogenous disease treated with surgery and/or (chemo) radiotherapy, but up to 50% of patients with late-stage disease develop locoregional recurrence. Determining the mechanisms underpinning treatment resistance could identify new therapeutic targets and aid treatment selection. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is a member of the tensin family, upregulated in several cancers, although its expression and function in HNSCC are unknown. We found that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC, particularly HPV-ve tumours. In vitro CTEN was upregulated in HPV-ve (n = 5) and HPV+ve (n = 2) HNSCC cell lines. Stable shRNA knockdown of CTEN in vivo significantly reduced tumour growth (SCC-25), and functional analyses in vitro showed that CTEN promoted tumour cell invasion, colony formation and growth in 3D-culture (SCC-25, Detroit 562). RNA sequencing of SCC-25 cells following CTEN siRNA knockdown identified 349 differentially expressed genes (logFC > 1, p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis highlighted terms relating to cell locomotion and apoptosis, consistent with in vitro findings. A membrane-based antibody array confirmed that CTEN regulated multiple apoptosis-associated proteins, including HSP60 and cleaved caspase-3. Notably, in a mixed cohort of HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC patients (n = 259), we found a significant, independent negative association of CTEN with prognosis, limited to those patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy, not surgery, irrespective of human papillomavirus (HPV) status. These data show that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC and exerts several functional effects. Its potential role in modulating apoptotic response to therapy suggests utility as a predictive biomarker or radio-sensitising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Fleming
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
| | - Karwan Moutasim
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher J. Hanley
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Steven J. Frampton
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Matthew Ward
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher H. Woelk
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool CH63 4JY, UK
| | - Sassan Hafizi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Dae Kim
- St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK;
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
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von Witzleben A, Wang C, Laban S, Savelyeva N, Ottensmeier CH. HNSCC: Tumour Antigens and Their Targeting by Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2103. [PMID: 32942747 PMCID: PMC7564543 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumours typically caused by alcohol and tobacco consumption, although an increasing number of HNSCC arise due to persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV). The treatment of HNSCC remains challenging, and the first-line setting is focused on surgery and chemoradiotherapy. A substantial proportion of HNSCC patients die from their disease, especially those with recurrent and metastatic disease. Among factors linked with good outcome, immune cell infiltration appears to have a major role. HPV-driven HNSCC are often T-cell rich, reflecting the presence of HPV antigens that are immunogenic. Tumour-associated antigens that are shared between patients or that are unique to an individual person may also induce varying degrees of immune response; studying these is important for the understanding of the interaction between the host immune system and the cancer. The resulting knowledge is critical for the design of better immunotherapies. Key questions are: Which antigens lead to an adaptive immune response in the tumour? Which of these are exploitable for immunotherapy? Here, we review the current thinking regarding tumour antigens in HNSCC and what has been learned from early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian von Witzleben
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.v.W.); (N.S.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Chuan Wang
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Natalia Savelyeva
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.v.W.); (N.S.)
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (A.v.W.); (N.S.)
- Head and Neck Center, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
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Kusnadi A, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Meckiff BJ, Simon H, Pelosi E, Seumois G, Ay F, Vijayanand P, Ottensmeier CH. Severely ill COVID-19 patients display augmented functional properties in SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD8 + T cells. bioRxiv 2020:2020.07.09.194027. [PMID: 32676602 PMCID: PMC7359524 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.09.194027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular properties of CD8 + T cells that respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully known. Here, we report on the single-cell transcriptomes of >80,000 virus-reactive CD8 + T cells from 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 healthy subjects. COVID-19 patients segregated into two groups based on whether the dominant CD8 + T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 was 'exhausted' or not. SARS-CoV-2-reactive cells in the exhausted subset were increased in frequency and displayed lesser cytotoxicity and inflammatory features in COVID-19 patients with mild compared to severe illness. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-reactive cells in the non-exhausted subsets from patients with severe disease showed enrichment of transcripts linked to co-stimulation, pro-survival NF-κB signaling, and anti-apoptotic pathways, suggesting the generation of robust CD8 + T cell memory responses in patients with severe COVID-19 illness. CD8 + T cells reactive to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus from healthy subjects displayed polyfunctional features. Cells with such features were mostly absent in SARS-CoV-2 responsive cells from both COVID-19 patients and healthy controls non-exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our single-cell analysis revealed substantial diversity in the nature of CD8 + T cells responding to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kusnadi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Vicente Fajardo
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Serena J Chee
- NIHR and CRUK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emanuela Pelosi
- Southampton Specialist Virology Centre, Department of Infection, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool & Clatterbridge Cancer Center NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly directed the work
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Liverpool Head and Neck Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool & Clatterbridge Cancer Center NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- These authors jointly directed the work
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30
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Meckiff BJ, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Kusnadi A, Simon H, Grifoni A, Pelosi E, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Ay F, Seumois G, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Reactive CD4 + T Cells. SSRN 2020:3641939. [PMID: 32742242 PMCID: PMC7385998 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3641939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present large-scale single-cell transcriptomic analysis of viral antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells from 32 COVID-19 patients. In patients with severe disease compared to mild disease, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper (TFH) cells and cytotoxic T helper cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2, and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reactive regulatory T cells. Importantly, the CD4-CTLs were highly enriched for the expression of transcripts encoding chemokines that are involved in the recruitment of myeloid cells and dendritic cells to the sites of viral infection. Polyfunctional T helper (TH)1 cells and TH17 cell subsets were underrepresented in the repertoire of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells compared to influenza-reactive CD4+ T cells. Together, our analyses provide so far unprecedented insights into the gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4+ T cells in distinct disease severities. Funding: This work was funded by NIH grants U19AI142742 (P.V., A.S., C.H.O), U19AI118626 (P.V., A.S., G.S.), R01HL114093 (P.V., F.A., G.S.,), R35-GM128938 (F.A), S10RR027366 (BD FACSAria-II), S10OD025052 (Illumina Novaseq6000), the William K. Bowes Jr Foundation (P.V.), and Whittaker foundation (P.V., C.H.O.). Supported by the Wessex Clinical Research Network and National Institute of Health Research UK. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing financial interests. Ethical Approval: Ethical approval for this study from the Berkshire Research Ethics Committee 20/SC/0155 and the Ethics Committee of La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) was in place. Written consent was obtained from all subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Meckiff
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Ciro Ramírez-Suástegui
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Vicente Fajardo
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | - Serena J Chee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- These authors jointly contributed to the work
| | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emanuela Pelosi
- Southampton Specialist Virology Center, University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- These authors jointly directed the work
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors jointly directed the work
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31
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Conforti F, Ridley R, Brereton C, Alzetani A, Johnson B, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Ottensmeier CH, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Wang Y, Jones MG, Davies DE. Paracrine SPARC signaling dysregulates alveolar epithelial barrier integrity and function in lung fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:54. [PMID: 32637156 PMCID: PMC7327077 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic scarring disease in which aging, environmental exposure(s) and genetic susceptibility have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, however, the causes and mechanisms of the progressive fibrotic cascade are still poorly understood. As epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are essential for normal wound healing, through human 2D and 3D in vitro studies, we tested the hypothesis that IPF fibroblasts (IPFFs) dysregulate alveolar epithelial homeostasis. Conditioned media from IPFFs exaggerated the wound-healing response of primary human Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Furthermore, AECs co-cultured with IPFFs exhibited irregular epithelialization compared with those co-cultured with control fibroblasts (NHLFs) or AECs alone, suggesting that epithelial homeostasis is dysregulated in IPF as a consequence of the abnormal secretory phenotype of IPFFs. Secretome analysis of IPFF conditioned media and functional studies identified the matricellular protein, SPARC, as a key mediator in the epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling, with increased secretion of SPARC by IPFFs promoting persistent activation of alveolar epithelium via an integrin/focal adhesion/cellular-junction axis resulting in disruption of epithelial barrier integrity and increased macromolecular permeability. These findings suggest that in IPF fibroblast paracrine signaling promotes persistent alveolar epithelial activation, so preventing normal epithelial repair responses and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, they identify SPARC-mediated paracrine signaling as a potential therapeutic target to promote the restoration of lung epithelial homoestasis in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Robert Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christopher Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Ben G. Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sophie V. Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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32
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Meckiff BJ, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Fajardo V, Chee SJ, Kusnadi A, Simon H, Grifoni A, Pelosi E, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Ay F, Seumois G, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 + T cells. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32587963 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.12.148916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of CD4 + T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present large-scale single-cell transcriptomic analysis of viral antigen-reactive CD4 + T cells from 32 COVID-19 patients. In patients with severe disease compared to mild disease, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper (T FH ) cells and cytotoxic T helper cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2, and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reactive regulatory T cells. Importantly, the CD4-CTLs were highly enriched for the expression of transcripts encoding chemokines that are involved in the recruitment of myeloid cells and dendritic cells to the sites of viral infection. Polyfunctional T helper (T H )1 cells and T H 17 cell subsets were underrepresented in the repertoire of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4 + T cells compared to influenza-reactive CD4 + T cells. Together, our analyses provide so far unprecedented insights into the gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4 + T cells in distinct disease severities.
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33
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Ford K, Hanley CJ, Mellone M, Szyndralewiez C, Heitz F, Wiesel P, Wood O, Machado M, Lopez MA, Ganesan AP, Wang C, Chakravarthy A, Fenton TR, King EV, Vijayanand P, Ottensmeier CH, Al-Shamkhani A, Savelyeva N, Thomas GJ. NOX4 Inhibition Potentiates Immunotherapy by Overcoming Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Mediated CD8 T-cell Exclusion from Tumors. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1846-1860. [PMID: 32122909 PMCID: PMC7611230 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Determining mechanisms of resistance to αPD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint immunotherapy is key to developing new treatment strategies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have many tumor-promoting functions and promote immune evasion through multiple mechanisms, but as yet, no CAF-specific inhibitors are clinically available. Here we generated CAF-rich murine tumor models (TC1, MC38, and 4T1) to investigate how CAFs influence the immune microenvironment and affect response to different immunotherapy modalities [anticancer vaccination, TC1 (HPV E7 DNA vaccine), αPD-1, and MC38] and found that CAFs broadly suppressed response by specifically excluding CD8+ T cells from tumors (not CD4+ T cells or macrophages); CD8+ T-cell exclusion was similarly present in CAF-rich human tumors. RNA sequencing of CD8+ T cells from CAF-rich murine tumors and immunochemistry analysis of human tumors identified significant upregulation of CTLA-4 in the absence of other exhaustion markers; inhibiting CTLA-4 with a nondepleting antibody overcame the CD8+ T-cell exclusion effect without affecting Tregs. We then examined the potential for CAF targeting, focusing on the ROS-producing enzyme NOX4, which is upregulated by CAF in many human cancers, and compared this with TGFβ1 inhibition, a key regulator of the CAF phenotype. siRNA knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition [GKT137831 (Setanaxib)] of NOX4 "normalized" CAF to a quiescent phenotype and promoted intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration, overcoming the exclusion effect; TGFβ1 inhibition could prevent, but not reverse, CAF differentiation. Finally, NOX4 inhibition restored immunotherapy response in CAF-rich tumors. These findings demonstrate that CAF-mediated immunotherapy resistance can be effectively overcome through NOX4 inhibition and could improve outcome in a broad range of cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: NOX4 is critical for maintaining the immune-suppressive CAF phenotype in tumors. Pharmacologic inhibition of NOX4 potentiates immunotherapy by overcoming CAF-mediated CD8+ T-cell exclusion. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/9/1846/F1.large.jpg.See related commentary by Hayward, p. 1799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Ford
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Hanley
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Maria Machado
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Chuan Wang
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ankur Chakravarthy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tim R Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Emma V King
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Natalia Savelyeva
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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34
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Tezera LB, Bielecka MK, Ogongo P, Walker NF, Ellis M, Garay-Baquero DJ, Thomas K, Reichmann MT, Johnston DA, Wilkinson KA, Ahmed M, Jogai S, Jayasinghe SN, Wilkinson RJ, Mansour S, Thomas GJ, Ottensmeier CH, Leslie A, Elkington PT. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy leads to tuberculosis reactivation via dysregulation of TNF-α. eLife 2020; 9:52668. [PMID: 32091388 PMCID: PMC7058383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we developed a 3-dimensional cell culture model of human tuberculosis (TB) and demonstrated its potential to interrogate the host-pathogen interaction (Tezera et al., 2017a). Here, we use the model to investigate mechanisms whereby immune checkpoint therapy for cancer paradoxically activates TB infection. In patients, PD-1 is expressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected lung tissue but is absent in areas of immunopathology. In the microsphere model, PD-1 ligands are up-regulated by infection, and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is further induced by hypoxia. Inhibition of PD-1 signalling increases Mtb growth, and augments cytokine secretion. TNF-α is responsible for accelerated Mtb growth, and TNF-α neutralisation reverses augmented Mtb growth caused by anti-PD-1 treatment. In human TB, pulmonary TNF-α immunoreactivity is increased and circulating PD-1 expression negatively correlates with sputum TNF-α concentrations. Together, our findings demonstrate that PD-1 regulates the immune response in TB, and inhibition of PD-1 accelerates Mtb growth via excessive TNF-α secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liku B Tezera
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Magdalena K Bielecka
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research InstituteKwaZulu NatalSouth Africa
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- TB Centre and Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ellis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Diana J Garay-Baquero
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristian Thomas
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michaela T Reichmann
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - David A Johnston
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Africa Health Research InstituteKwaZulu NatalSouth Africa
| | - Sanjay Jogai
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Suwan N Jayasinghe
- BioPhysics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Salah Mansour
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research InstituteKwaZulu NatalSouth Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul T Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
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35
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Corrie PG, Marshall A, Nathan PD, Lorigan P, Gore M, Tahir S, Faust G, Kelly CG, Marples M, Danson SJ, Marshall E, Houston SJ, Board RE, Waterston AM, Nobes JP, Harries M, Kumar S, Goodman A, Dalgleish A, Martin-Clavijo A, Westwell S, Casasola R, Chao D, Maraveyas A, Patel PM, Ottensmeier CH, Farrugia D, Humphreys A, Eccles B, Young G, Barker EO, Harman C, Weiss M, Myers KA, Chhabra A, Rodwell SH, Dunn JA, Middleton MR, Nathan P, Lorigan P, Dziewulski P, Holikova S, Panwar U, Tahir S, Faust G, Thomas A, Corrie P, Sirohi B, Kelly C, Middleton M, Marples M, Danson S, Lester J, Marshall E, Ajaz M, Houston S, Board R, Eaton D, Waterston A, Nobes J, Loo S, Gray G, Stubbings H, Gore M, Harries M, Kumar S, Goodman A, Dalgleish A, Martin-Clavijo A, Marsden J, Westwell S, Casasola R, Chao D, Maraveyas A, Marshall E, Patel P, Ottensmeier C, Farrugia D, Humphreys A, Eccles B, Dega R, Herbert C, Price C, Brunt M, Scott-Brown M, Hamilton J, Hayward RL, Smyth J, Woodings P, Nayak N, Burrows L, Wolstenholme V, Wagstaff J, Nicolson M, Wilson A, Barlow C, Scrase C, Podd T, Gonzalez M, Stewart J, Highley M, Wolstenholme V, Grumett S, Goodman A, Talbot T, Nathan K, Coltart R, Gee B, Gore M, Farrugia D, Martin-Clavijo A, Marsden J, Price C, Farrugia D, Nathan K, Coltart R, Nathan K, Coltart R. Adjuvant bevacizumab for melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence: survival analysis of the AVAST-M trial. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1843-1852. [PMID: 30010756 PMCID: PMC6096737 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor shown to improve survival in advanced solid cancers. We evaluated the role of adjuvant bevacizumab in melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence. Patients and methods Patients with resected AJCC stage IIB, IIC and III cutaneous melanoma were randomised to receive either adjuvant bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg i.v. 3 weekly for 1 year) or standard observation. The primary end point was detection of an 8% difference in 5-year overall survival (OS) rate; secondary end points included disease-free interval (DFI) and distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI). Tumour and blood were analysed for prognostic and predictive markers. Results Patients (n=1343) recruited between 2007 and 2012 were predominantly stage III (73%), with median age 56 years (range 18–88 years). With 6.4-year median follow-up, 515 (38%) patients had died [254 (38%) bevacizumab; 261 (39%) observation]; 707 (53%) patients had disease recurrence [336 (50%) bevacizumab, 371 (55%) observation]. OS at 5 years was 64% for both groups [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.16, P = 0.78). At 5 years, 51% were disease free on bevacizumab versus 45% on observation (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.99, P = 0.03), 58% were distant metastasis free on bevacizumab versus 54% on observation (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.78–1.07, P = 0.25). Forty four percent of 682 melanomas assessed had a BRAFV600 mutation. In the observation arm, BRAF mutant patients had a trend towards poorer OS compared with BRAF wild-type patients (P = 0.06). BRAF mutation positivity trended towards better OS with bevacizumab (P = 0.21). Conclusions Adjuvant bevacizumab after resection of high-risk melanoma improves DFI, but not OS. BRAF mutation status may predict for poorer OS untreated and potential benefit from bevacizumab. Clinical Trial Information ISRCTN 81261306; EudraCT Number: 2006-005505-64
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Corrie
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - A Marshall
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - P D Nathan
- Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - P Lorigan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - M Gore
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Tahir
- Oncology Research, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - G Faust
- Oncology Department, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - C G Kelly
- Sir Bobby Robson Cancer Trials Research Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Marples
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S J Danson
- Weston Park Hospital, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Marshall
- Cancer & Palliative Care, St. Helen's Hospital, St. Helens, UK
| | - S J Houston
- Oncology Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - R E Board
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - A M Waterston
- Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson WOS Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Nobes
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - M Harries
- Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Goodman
- Exeter Oncology Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - A Dalgleish
- St George's Hospital, Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | | | - S Westwell
- Sussex Cancer Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - R Casasola
- Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - D Chao
- Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - P M Patel
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C H Ottensmeier
- CRUK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - D Farrugia
- Oncology Centre, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, UK
| | - A Humphreys
- Oncology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - B Eccles
- Oncology Department, Poole Hospital, Dorset, UK
| | - G Young
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - E O Barker
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Harman
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Weiss
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - K A Myers
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - A Chhabra
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - J A Dunn
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Waise S, Parker R, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Layfield DM, Wood O, West J, Ottensmeier CH, Thomas GJ, Hanley CJ. An Optimized Method to Isolate Human Fibroblasts from Tissue for ex vivo Analysis. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3440. [PMID: 33654935 PMCID: PMC7853986 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their involvement in many physiological and pathological processes, fibroblasts remain a poorly-characterized cell type. Analysis of primary fibroblasts while maintaining their in vivo phenotype is challenging: standard methods for fibroblast isolation require cell culture in vitro, which is known to alter phenotypes. Previously-described protocols for the dissociation of primary tissues fail to extract sufficient numbers of fibroblasts, instead largely yielding immune cells. Here, we describe an optimized method for generating a fibroblast-enriched single-cell suspension from human tissues using combined mechanical and enzymatic dissociation. This allows analysis of ex vivo fibroblasts without the need for culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Waise
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan West
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, UK
- Cancer Research UK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, UK
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Corrie PG, Marshall A, Nathan PD, Lorigan P, Gore M, Tahir S, Faust G, Kelly CG, Marples M, Danson SJ, Marshall E, Houston SJ, Board RE, Waterston AM, Nobes JP, Harries M, Kumar S, Goodman A, Dalgleish A, Martin-Clavijo A, Westwell S, Casasola R, Chao D, Maraveyas A, Patel PM, Ottensmeier CH, Farrugia D, Humphreys A, Eccles B, Young G, Barker EO, Harman C, Weiss M, Myers KA, Chhabra A, Rodwell SH, Dunn JA, Middleton MR. Adjuvant bevacizumab for melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence: survival analysis of the AVAST-M trial. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:2013-2014. [PMID: 31430371 PMCID: PMC6938599 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Clarke J, Panwar B, Madrigal A, Singh D, Gujar R, Wood O, Chee SJ, Eschweiler S, King EV, Awad AS, Hanley CJ, McCann KJ, Bhattacharyya S, Woo E, Alzetani A, Seumois G, Thomas GJ, Ganesan AP, Friedmann PS, Sanchez-Elsner T, Ay F, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tissue-resident memory T cells in human lung cancer. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2128-2149. [PMID: 31227543 PMCID: PMC6719422 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High numbers of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are associated with better clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, the molecular characteristics that drive their efficient immune response to tumors are poorly understood. Here, single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis of TRM and non-TRM cells present in tumor and normal lung tissue from patients with lung cancer revealed that PD-1-expressing TRM cells in tumors were clonally expanded and enriched for transcripts linked to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity when compared with PD-1-expressing non-TRM cells. This feature was more prominent in the TRM cell subset coexpressing PD-1 and TIM-3, and it was validated by functional assays ex vivo and also reflected in their chromatin accessibility profile. This PD-1+TIM-3+ TRM cell subset was enriched in responders to PD-1 inhibitors and in tumors with a greater magnitude of CTL responses. These data highlight that not all CTLs expressing PD-1 are dysfunctional; on the contrary, TRM cells with PD-1 expression were enriched for features suggestive of superior functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clarke
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Divya Singh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Oliver Wood
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Emma V King
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, Poole Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Amiera S Awad
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Hanley
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katy J McCann
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Gareth J Thomas
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Peter S Friedmann
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- National Institute for Health Research and Cancer Research UK Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Naheed S, Holden C, Tanno L, Jaynes E, Cave J, Ottensmeier CH, Pelosi G. The utility of Ki-67 as a prognostic biomarker in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031531. [PMID: 31446421 PMCID: PMC6720315 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The omission of the immunohistochemical proliferation marker Ki-67 labelling index (henceforth, simply Ki-67) from the 2015 WHO classification system of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours (Lung-NETs) as a prognostic and grading criterion remains controversial. This systematic review along with meta-analysis will be conducted to assess the prognostic/grading utility of Ki-67 in Lung-NETs. METHODS This systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A systematic search of MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library will be performed from the inception of each database to 28 February 2019 for studies investigating any role of Ki-67 in Lung-NETs. Only full papers published in English detailing survival outcomes and HRs according to Ki-67 will be included. The primary endpoint will be establishing whether Ki-67 is a reliable marker in determining prognosis and thus assessing grade of Lung-NETs patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval will not be required as this is an academic review of published literature. Findings will be disseminated through the preparation of a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed journal as well as presentation at national and international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018093389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Naheed
- Cancer Sciences Unit, NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and NIHR Biomedical Research Center Southampton, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Chloe Holden
- Department of Oncology, Wessex NET Group ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lulu Tanno
- Cancer Sciences Unit, NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and NIHR Biomedical Research Center Southampton, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleanor Jaynes
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Wessex NET Group ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Judith Cave
- Department of Oncology, Wessex NET Group ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Center and NIHR Biomedical Research Center Southampton, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Giuseppe Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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40
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Hill C, Li J, Liu D, Conforti F, Brereton CJ, Yao L, Zhou Y, Alzetani A, Chee SJ, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Hancock D, Ottensmeier CH, Steele AJ, Downward J, Richeldi L, Lu X, Davies DE, Jones MG, Wang Y. Autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:591. [PMID: 31391462 PMCID: PMC6685977 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the prototypic progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease, is thought to be a consequence of repetitive micro-injuries to an ageing, susceptible alveolar epithelium. Ageing is a risk factor for IPF and incidence has been demonstrated to increase with age. Decreased (macro)autophagy with age has been reported extensively in a variety of systems and diseases, including IPF. However, it is undetermined whether the role of faulty autophagy is causal or coincidental in the context of IPF. Here, we report that in alveolar epithelial cells inhibition of autophagy promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process implicated in embryonic development, wound healing, cancer metastasis and fibrosis. We further demonstrate that this is attained, at least in part, by increased p62/SQSTM1 expression that promotes p65/RELA mediated-transactivation of an EMT transcription factor, Snail2 (SNAI2), which not only controls EMT but also regulates the production of locally acting profibrogenic mediators. Our data suggest that reduced autophagy induces EMT of alveolar epithelial cells and can contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hill
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Christopher J Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sophie V Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David Hancock
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Somers Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Waise S, Parker R, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Layfield DM, Wood O, West J, Ottensmeier CH, Thomas GJ, Hanley CJ. An optimised tissue disaggregation and data processing pipeline for characterising fibroblast phenotypes using single-cell RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9580. [PMID: 31270426 PMCID: PMC6610623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) provides a valuable platform for characterising multicellular ecosystems. Fibroblasts are a heterogeneous cell type involved in many physiological and pathological processes, but remain poorly-characterised. Analysis of fibroblasts is challenging: these cells are difficult to isolate from tissues, and are therefore commonly under-represented in scRNA-seq datasets. Here, we describe an optimised approach for fibroblast isolation from human lung tissues. We demonstrate the potential for this procedure in characterising stromal cell phenotypes using scRNA-Seq, analyse the effect of tissue disaggregation on gene expression, and optimise data processing to improve clustering quality. We also assess the impact of in vitro culture conditions on stromal cell gene expression and proliferation, showing that altering these conditions can skew phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Waise
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rachel Parker
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David M Layfield
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jonathan West
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Research UK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Waise S, Hanley CJ, Parker R, Ottensmeier CH, Rose-Zerilli M, Thomas GJ. Abstract 3762: Single-cell analysis of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer: Mapping molecular phenotypes in tumors. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work aims to characterise the heterogeneity and spatial relationships of the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) population in non-small cell lung cancer.
Fresh human lung tissue was dissociated for sixty minutes to extract the maximum possible proportion of fibroblasts. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed using a droplet-barcoded platform (Drop-seq). Quality control was performed on the raw sequencing data and resulting gene expression matrix. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using multiple packages in R. Spatial relationships between cell types were assessed using a multi-immunohistochemical (IHC) staining technique.
We developed a workflow for efficient processing of raw Drop-seq data including quality control, normalisation and visualisation. Low-quality events were identified by integrating previously-described and novel quality-control metrics into a machine learning (random forest) model, and demonstrated that this approach improves clustering quality. Applying this method to samples from twelve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we identified 5 distinct fibroblast subtypes; 3 predominantly derived from normal tissue and 2 largely from tumor samples. Of the normal subtypes, one showed gene expression consistent with the previously-described "inflammatory" fibroblast phenotype. Trajectory analysis identified a branched differentiation process from normal to CAF phenotypes, suggesting that these cells share a common initial activation before differentiation to either a "matrix remodelling" or "hypoxic" subtype. The prevalence and impact of these sub-populations appears to differ between NSCLC subtypes. The "matrix remodelling" subtype is present in both adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), but confers a negative prognostic effect in LUAD only; the "hypoxic" phenotype appears relatively LUSC-specific. Multiplexed IHC using identified cluster markers demonstrated that these subtypes have different spatial distributions and relationships to other cell types.
CAF remain a poorly-characterised population, despite their abundance in most solid cancers. No single molecular marker identifies all CAF, and there has been a scarcity of evidence regarding the existence of distinct subtypes and whether such subgroups have different functions. Our analysis has revealed five distinct CAF subtypes in NSCLC. In addition to divergent differentiation pathways, these subtypes have differential gene set enrichment, indicative of functional differences. In keeping with this, the phenotypes show distinct prognostic impact across NSCLC subtypes. Characterisation of CAF subgroups associated with aggressive tumor progression may facilitate identification of novel stromal targeting strategies.
Citation Format: Sara Waise, Christopher J. Hanley, Rachel Parker, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Matthew Rose-Zerilli, Gareth J. Thomas. Single-cell analysis of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer: Mapping molecular phenotypes in tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Waise
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachel Parker
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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43
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Reeves E, Wood O, Ottensmeier CH, King EV, Thomas GJ, Elliott T, James E. HPV Epitope Processing Differences Correlate with ERAP1 Allotype and Extent of CD8 + T-cell Tumor Infiltration in OPSCC. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1202-1213. [PMID: 31151965 PMCID: PMC6640044 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) predicts survival in many cancer types. In HPV-driven cancers, cervical and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC and OPSCC, respectively), numbers of infiltrating T cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, and presentation of HPV E6/E7 epitopes are associated with improved prognosis. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) regulates the presented peptide repertoire, trimming peptide precursors prior to MHC I loading. ERAP1 is polymorphic, and allotypic variation of ERAP1 enzyme activity has an impact on the presented peptide repertoire. Individual SNPs are associated with incidence and outcome in a number of diseases, including CSCC. Here, we highlight the requirement for ERAP1 in the generation of HPV E6/E7 epitopes and show that the functional activity of ERAP1 allotype combinations identified in OPSCC correlate with tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cell (CD8)/TIL (CD8/TIL) status of the tumor. Functional analyses revealed that ERAP1 allotype combinations associated with CD8/TILlow tumors have a reduced capacity to generate both a model antigen SIINFEHL and the HPV-16 E782-90 epitope LLMGTLGIV from N-terminally extended precursor peptides. In contrast, ERAP1 allotypes from CD8/TILhigh tumors generated the epitopes efficiently. These data reveal that ERAP1 function correlates with CD8/TIL numbers and, by implication, prognosis, suggesting that the presentation of HPV-16 epitopes at the cell surface, resulting in an anti-HPV T-cell response, may depend on the ERAP1 allotype combinations expressed within an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Reeves
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Wood
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma V King
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Edward James
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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44
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Yao L, Conforti F, Hill C, Bell J, Drawater L, Li J, Liu D, Xiong H, Alzetani A, Chee SJ, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Hancock D, Coldwell M, Yuan X, Ottensmeier CH, Downward J, Collins JE, Ewing RM, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Jones MG, Davies DE, Wang Y. Paracrine signalling during ZEB1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition augments local myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibrosis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:943-957. [PMID: 30050057 PMCID: PMC6252080 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to human lung fibrogenesis is controversial. Here we provide evidence that ZEB1-mediated EMT in human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells contributes to the development of lung fibrosis by paracrine signalling to underlying fibroblasts. Activation of EGFR-RAS-ERK signalling in ATII cells induced EMT via ZEB1. ATII cells had extremely low extracellular matrix gene expression even after induction of EMT, however conditioned media from ATII cells undergoing RAS-induced EMT augmented TGFβ-induced profibrogenic responses in lung fibroblasts. This epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk was controlled by ZEB1 via the expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In human fibrotic lung tissue, nuclear ZEB1 expression was detected in alveolar epithelium adjacent to sites of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, suggesting that ZEB1-mediated paracrine signalling has the potential to contribute to early fibrotic changes in the lung interstitium. Targeting this novel ZEB1 regulatory axis may be a viable strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Charlotte Hill
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Joseph Bell
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Leena Drawater
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sophie V Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - David Hancock
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark Coldwell
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences & NIHR and CRUK Experimental Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jane E Collins
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Pelosi G, Bianchi F, Hofman P, Pattini L, Ströbel P, Calabrese F, Naheed S, Holden C, Cave J, Bohnenberger H, Dinter H, Harari S, Albini A, Sonzogni A, Papotti M, Volante M, Ottensmeier CH. Recent advances in the molecular landscape of lung neuroendocrine tumors. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:281-297. [PMID: 30900485 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1595593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (Lung-NETs) make up a heterogenous family of neoplasms showing neuroendocrine differentiation and encompass carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas. On molecular grounds, they considered two completely distinct and separate tumor groups with no overlap of molecular alterations nor common developmental mechanisms. Areas covered: Two perspectives were evaluated based on an extensive review and rethinking of literature: (1) the current classification as an instrument to obtaining clinical and molecular insights into the context of Lung-NETs; and (2) an alternative and innovative interpretation of these tumors, proposing a tripartite separation into early aggressive primary high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (HGNET), differentiating or secondary HGNET, and indolent NET. Expert opinion: We herein provide an alternative outlook on Lung-NETs, which is a paradigm shift to current pathogenesis models and expands the understanding of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pelosi
- a Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology , University or Milan , Milan , Italy
- b Inter-hospital Pathology Division , Institute for Research and Care-IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- c Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Foundation for Research and Care-IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" , Foggia , Italy
| | - Paul Hofman
- d Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology , FHU OncoAge, Nice Hospital, Biobank BB-0033-00025, IRCAN, Inserm U1081 CNRS 7284, University Côte d'Azur , Nice , France
| | - Linda Pattini
- e Department of Electronics , Information and Bioengineering, Polytechnic of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- f Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- g Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Salma Naheed
- h Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Chloe Holden
- i Department of Medical Oncology , Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Trust , Bournemouth , UK
| | - Judith Cave
- j Department of Medical Oncology , University Hospital Southampton NHS FT , Southampton , UK
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- f Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Helen Dinter
- f Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sergio Harari
- k Department of Medical Sciences and Division of Pneumology, San Giuseppe Hospital , Institute for Research and Care-IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- l Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis , Institute for Research and Care-IRCCS MultiMedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Angelica Sonzogni
- m Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Foundation for Research and Care-IRCCS National Cancer Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- n Department of Oncology , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Marco Volante
- o Department of Oncology , University of Turin and Pathology Unit San Luigi Hospital , Turin , Italy
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- p Christian CRUK and NIHR Southamtpon Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
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46
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Mirza AH, Thomas G, Ottensmeier CH, King EV. Importance of the immune system in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2019; 41:2789-2800. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adal H. Mirza
- Somers Cancer Research Building MP824; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton United Kingdom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Somers Cancer Research Building MP824; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma V. King
- Somers Cancer Research Building MP824; Southampton General Hospital; Southampton United Kingdom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery; Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Poole United Kingdom
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47
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Hilf N, Kuttruff-Coqui S, Frenzel K, Bukur V, Stevanović S, Gouttefangeas C, Platten M, Tabatabai G, Dutoit V, van der Burg SH, Straten PT, Martinez-Ricarte F, Ponsati B, Okada H, Lassen U, Admon A, Ottensmeier CH, Ulges A, Kreiter S, von Deimling A, Skardelly M, Migliorini D, Kroep JR, Idorn M, Rodon J, Piro J, Poulsen HS, Shraibman B, McCann K, Mendrzyk R, Lower M, Stieglbauer M, Britten CM, Capper D, Welters MJP, Sahuquillo J, Kiesel K, Derhovanessian E, Rusch E, Bunse L, Song C, Heesch S, Wagner C, Kemmer-Bruck A, Ludwig J, Castle JC, Schoor O, Tadmor AD, Green E, Fritsche J, Meyer M, Pawlowski N, Dorner S, Hoffgaard F, Rossler B, Maurer D, Weinschenk T, Reinhardt C, Huber C, Rammensee HG, Singh-Jasuja H, Sahin U, Dietrich PY, Wick W. Publisher Correction: Actively personalized vaccination trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Nature 2019; 566:E13. [PMID: 30733620 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The additional author support information was erroneously omitted from the Supplementary Information. This has been corrected online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hilf
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Stevanović
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cecile Gouttefangeas
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Per Thor Straten
- CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Hideho Okada
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Arie Admon
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Sebastian Kreiter
- BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany.,CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Judith R Kroep
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manja Idorn
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Monika Stieglbauer
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cedrik M Britten
- BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany.,CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany.,Oncology R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - David Capper
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marij J P Welters
- CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Elisa Rusch
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,CIMT/CIP - Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, working group Cancer Immunoguiding Program, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Bunse
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Colette Song
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jorg Ludwig
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John C Castle
- BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany.,Agenus Inc, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Arbel D Tadmor
- TRON GmbH - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edward Green
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Miriam Meyer
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sonja Dorner
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Wick
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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48
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Dan JM, Havenar-Daughton C, Kendric K, Al-Kolla R, Kaushik K, Rosales SL, Anderson EL, LaRock CN, Vijayanand P, Seumois G, Layfield D, Cutress RI, Ottensmeier CH, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Nizet V, Bothwell M, Brigger M, Crotty S. Recurrent group A Streptococcus tonsillitis is an immunosusceptibility disease involving antibody deficiency and aberrant T FH cells. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaau3776. [PMID: 30728285 PMCID: PMC6561727 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
"Strep throat" is highly prevalent among children, yet it is unknown why only some children develop recurrent tonsillitis (RT), a common indication for tonsillectomy. To gain insights into this classic childhood disease, we performed phenotypic, genotypic, and functional studies on pediatric group A Streptococcus (GAS) RT and non-RT tonsils from two independent cohorts. GAS RT tonsils had smaller germinal centers, with an underrepresentation of GAS-specific CD4+ germinal center T follicular helper (GC-TFH) cells. RT children exhibited reduced antibody responses to an important GAS virulence factor, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA). Risk and protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles for RT were identified. Lastly, SpeA induced granzyme B production in GC-TFH cells from RT tonsils with the capacity to kill B cells and the potential to hobble the germinal center response. These observations suggest that RT is a multifactorial disease and that contributors to RT susceptibility include HLA class II differences, aberrant SpeA-activated GC-TFH cells, and lower SpeA antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Dan
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin Havenar-Daughton
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kayla Kendric
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rita Al-Kolla
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kirti Kaushik
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sandy L Rosales
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ericka L Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Human Longevity Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Christopher N LaRock
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Grégory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Layfield
- Cancer Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- Cancer Sciences Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marcella Bothwell
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Department of Surgery, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Matthew Brigger
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Department of Surgery, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Wang C, Wang Y, Allen AJ, Jobsri J, Thomas GJ, Ottensmeier CH, Savelyeva N. Abstract B139: Plant viral particle vaccine induces a potent antitumor response through induction of antigen-specific T-cells and overcoming an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-b139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to develop an effective vaccination strategy for cancer, it is necessary to induce robust T-cell responses and to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To induce anticancer immunity, we focused on a plant viral particle (PVP) that contains-single strand RNA (ssRNA) as a flexible and economical platform to deliver cancer antigens. Initially using PVP loaded with SIINFEKL, we demonstrated the induction of a rapid CD8 T-cell response leading to a significant therapeutic effect in the B16 tumor model. The induction of high levels of CD8 T-cells was also achieved when clinically relevant cancer antigens were used with lysis of human cancer cells expressing these antigens. Further, PVP loaded with whole protein antigen induced CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses against the epitopes delivered through the whole antigen and these cleared established tumors. The mechanisms behind the high immunogenicity of the PVP vaccine revealed that this ssRNA containing vaccine activated the immune mechanisms closely resembling the natural antiviral defence. In a murine model, the immune induction was through the activation of TLR7, leading to release of type I IFN by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and activation of conventional DCs (cDCs) followed with the priming of Th1 immunity. These findings were further supported by experiments using human monocytes derived DCs (moDCs) stimulated in vitro with PVP. The stimulated moDCs released Th1-polarizing cytokines and chemokines, and upregulated CD40 and B7 family surface molecules. Further investigation of the TME demonstrated that cDCs, MHC-II high tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils were recruited into the tumor bed 24 hours after vaccination. While MHC-II low TAMs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were down-regulated in response to vaccination. This was followed by the increase of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) specific for endogenous tumor antigens. In conclusion, the PVP vaccine is an effective platform to induce T-cells specific to the delivered cancer antigens, and furthermore benefit from its ability to convert an immunosuppressive TME towards an immunostimulatory environment, facilitating the endogenous T-cell epitopes spread.
Citation Format: Chuan Wang, Yidao Wang, Alex J. Allen, Jantipa Jobsri, Gareth J. Thomas, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Natalia Savelyeva. Plant viral particle vaccine induces a potent antitumor response through induction of antigen-specific T-cells and overcoming an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yidao Wang
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alex J. Allen
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Ulges A, Hilf N, Wick W, Platten M, Dietrich PY, Frenzel K, Admon A, Burg SSVD, Deimling AV, Straten PT, Gouttefangeas C, Kroep JR, Martínez-Ricarte F, Okada H, Ottensmeier CH, Ponsati B, Poulsen HS, Stevanovic S, Tabatabai G, Rammensee HG, Sahin U, Maurer D, Mendrzyk R. Abstract A020: Immunomonitoring for actively personalized peptide vaccines (APVACs) during immunotherapeutic treatment of glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy to gliomas has so far failed to show encouraging results, as gliomas are rarely mutated and show various mechanisms of immune escape. To improve therapy to these type of cancer, the Glioma Actively Personalized Vaccine Consortium (GAPVAC) integrated a highly personalized peptide vaccine approach into glioblastoma standard of care treatment combining neoepitope and nonmutated tumor antigens to exploit the full repertoire of tumor antigens. In this phase I clinical trial fifteen patients received two different types of personalized peptide vaccines (APVAC1 and APVAC2), that were selected based on transcriptome, immunopeptidome and mutational analysis of the patient’s individual tumors. While APVAC1 vaccines were composed of nonmutated tumor antigens selected in a warehouse-based approach, APVAC2 vaccines primarily targeted neoepitopes. Both vaccines were used in combination with poly-ICLC and GM-CSF as adjuvants and demonstrated expected safety profile and outstanding Immunogenicity. Immunomonitoring of APVAC1 peptides was carried out using a combinatorial ex vivo Class I 2D multimer (2DMM) and Class II intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay with an outstanding sensitivity to detect even one peptide-specific cell in one million of CD4 or CD8 T-cells. Nonmutated APVAC1 class I peptides showed induction of persistent CD8 T-cell responses, mainly consisting of a highly favorable central memory phenotype (CM). Furthermore, APVAC1 class II peptides demonstrated induction of polyfunctional CD4 T-cells predominantly of a type 1 T helper cell (TH1) phenotype. Notably, an APVAC1 class II specific T-cell response was detected in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) fraction obtained from resection of one patient. On the other side, immune responses to APVAC2 peptides were analyzed using a pan-ICS assay including a single in vitro sensitization step to analyze a broad array of cytokines produced by CD4 T helper (TH) cells and CD8 CTLs in parallel. APVAC2 peptides showed excellent immunogenicity and induced potent and multifunctional CD4 T-cell responses, mostly of a TH1 phenotype that often concurred with CTL responses. Furthermore, the induction of APVAC1-specific CD8 memory cells, as a marker for the potency of the vaccine-induced immune responses, reversely correlated with the baseline frequencies of regulatory T-cells (Treg). Taken together, actively personalized peptide vaccines (APVACs) were highly immunogenic and induced sustained responses of a highly favorable CD4 and CD8 T-cell phenotype. The vaccination showed the expected safety profile and the approach was feasible, even in this highly individualized setting. Therefore, the APVAC vaccination approach clearly represents a step forward on the path to bring the benefit of immunotherapy to glioblastoma patients.
Citation Format: Alexander Ulges, Norbert Hilf, Wolfgang Wick, Michael Platten, Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Katrin Frenzel, Arie Admon, Sjoerd S.H. van der Burg, Andreas von Deimling, Per thor Straten, Cecile Gouttefangeas, Judith R. Kroep, Francisco Martínez-Ricarte, Hideo Okada, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Berta Ponsati, Hans S. Poulsen, Stefan Stevanovic, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Ugur Sahin, Dominik Maurer, Regina Mendrzyk. Immunomonitoring for actively personalized peptide vaccines (APVACs) during immunotherapeutic treatment of glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ulges
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Hilf
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Frenzel
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arie Admon
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd S.H. van der Burg
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Per thor Straten
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cecile Gouttefangeas
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith R. Kroep
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francisco Martínez-Ricarte
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hideo Okada
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Berta Ponsati
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans S. Poulsen
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanovic
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Maurer
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regina Mendrzyk
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany; Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Leiden University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; BCN Peptides S.A., Barcelona, Spain; Ringhospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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