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Chen L, Liu Y, Becher A, Diepold K, Schmid E, Fehn A, Brunner C, Rouhi A, Chiosis G, Cronauer M, Seufferlein T, Azoitei N. Sildenafil triggers tumor lethality through altered expression of HSP90 and degradation of PKD2. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1421-1431. [PMID: 31917403 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The repurposing of existing drugs has emerged as an attractive additional strategy to the development of novel compounds in the fight against cancerous diseases. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) has been claimed as a potential approach to target various cancer subtypes in recent years. However, data on the treatment of tumors with PDE5 inhibitors as well as the underlying mechanisms are as yet very scarce. Here, we report that treatment of tumor cells with low concentrations of Sildenafil was associated with decreased cancer cell proliferation and augmented apoptosis in vitro and resulted in impaired tumor growth in vivo. Notably, incubation of cancer cells with Sildenafil was associated with altered expression of HSP90 chaperone followed by degradation of protein kinase D2, a client protein previously reported to be involved in tumor growth. Furthermore, the involvement of low doses of PU-H71, an HSP90 inhibitor currently under clinical evaluation, in combination with low concentrations of Sildenafil, synergistically and negatively impacted on the viability of cancer cells in vivo. Taken together, our study suggests that repurposing of already approved drugs, alone or in combination with oncology-dedicated compounds, may represent a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alexander Becher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Diepold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Fehn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus Cronauer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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von Witzleben A, Fehn A, Grages A, Ezić J, Jeske SS, Puntigam LK, Brunner C, Kraus JM, Kestler HA, Doescher J, Brand M, Theodoraki MN, Ottensmeier CH, Hoffmann TK, Schuler PJ, Laban S. Prospective longitudinal study of immune checkpoint molecule (ICM) expression in immune cell subsets during curative conventional therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Int J Cancer 2020; 148:2023-2035. [PMID: 33336372 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Programmed-death-1 (PD1) antibodies are approved for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple drugs targeting costimulatory and coinhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (ICM) have been discovered. However, it remains unknown how these ICM are affected by curative conventional therapy on different immune cell subsets during the course of treatment. In the prospective noninterventional clinical study titled "Immune Response Evaluation to Curative conventional Therapy" (NCT03053661), 22 patients were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were drawn at defined time points throughout curative conventional treatment and follow-up. Immune cells (IC) from the different time points were assessed by multicolor flow cytometry. The following ICM were measured by flow cytometry: PD1, CTLA4, BTLA, CD137, CD27, GITR, OX40, LAG3 and TIM3. Dynamics of ICM expression were assessed using nonparametric paired samples tests. Significant changes were noted for PD1, BTLA and CD27 on multiple IC types during or after radiotherapy. Nonsignificant trends for increased expression of OX40 and GITR from baseline until the end of RT were observed on CD4 T cells and CD4+ CD39+ T cells. In patients with samples at recurrence of disease, a nonsignificant increase of TIM3 and LAG3 positive CD4+ CD39+ T cells was evident, accompanied by an increase of double positive cells for TIM3/LAG3. Potential future targets to be combined with RT in the conventional treatment and anti-PD1/PD-L could be BTLA agonists, or agonistic antibodies to costimulatory ICM like CD137, OX40 or GITR. The combination of cetuximab with CD27 agonistic antibodies enhancing ADCC or the targeting of TIM3/LAG3 may be another promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton, UK.,Southampton University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Adrian Fehn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ayla Grages
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra S Jeske
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa K Puntigam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann M Kraus
- Ulm University, Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Ulm University, Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, Southampton, UK.,Southampton University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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